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or     o  sj  b 


N.\*iJA- 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE. 


Et  SYLVANnS  URBAN,  Gent. 


VOLUME    XL. 
■.'T  .■■•.;:•  ■.■•™.^:?'i'*IES.....  ..,    . 

MDCCCLIIl. 
JULY  TO  DECExMBER  inclusive. 


LONDON: 

JOHN  BOWYER  NICHOLS  AND  SONS. 

1853. 


• 


•  •  •    ■ 

■  •  -    •    •  -  • 


J,  M. 


2&,rAau. 


1 54874 


PREFACE. 


It  would  aeem  as  if  great  political  events  and  uiiplea 
visitations  occurred  like  the  weather,  in  regular  cyclea,  and  < 
opon  U9  at  stated  periods.  Here  we  find  ourselves  at  the  close  i 
1853  taking  grateful  leave  of  our  readers  amid  events  and  circum 
Stances  that  remind  us  of  the  early  days  of  our  perennial  youth,  ■ 
We  have  had  a  severe  frost  before  Christmas,  food  at  war-prices, 
labourers  wrestling  with  their  employers,  pestilence  hovering  over 
□a,  and  all  the  world  indignant  at  the  aggressions  and  mendacity  of 
Russia,  In  hy~gonc  years  people  used  to  dread  Muscovite  ambition 
and  the  amatl-pox.  We  now  speak  of,  if  we  do  not  dread,  the 
designs  of  the  Emperor  and  the  spread  of  cholera. 

Of  all  the  literary  annalists  who  began  early  in  the  last  century 
to  make  record  of  passing  events,  we  alone  are  left  to  continue  the 
history  whose  pages  are  oftener  grave  than  gay.  It  must,  we  think, 
be  conceded  to  us  that  we  have  accomplished  our  task  with  an 
alacr!^  that  was  indefatigable,  and  a  sincerity  (we  say  it  with  all 
modesty)  that  could  not  be  excelled.  Amid  all  the  fluctuations  and 
changes  of  the  century,  amid  its  fears  greater  than  its  ho|x^a,  and 
amid  its  hopes  presaging  disappointment  as  they  rose,  we  have 
maintained  our  position  as  diguifiedly,  we  trust,  at  all  events  as 
philosophically,  as  Arcliimedes  who  went  on  calculating  problems 
while  a  rude  soldiery  were  sacking  the  town. 

On  tliese  grounds,  not  as  an  Emeritus,  but  as  a  soldier  whose 
thews  and  sinews  are  vigorous  enough  to  bear  him  through  the  heat 
of  the  day  and  the  struggles  of  many  a  battle  to  come,  we  ask  not 
alone  for  a  continuation  of  old  support  but  for  its  extension.  We 
shall  ourselves  grow  much  more  perfect  as  patronage  descends  upon 
vs.  Hortenaiua  irrigated  his  plane  trees  with  wine,  and  they 
flaarished  so  that  the  Roman  public  not  only  admired  their  beauty 
bat  greedily  purchased  leaves,  which  were  no  sooner  plucked  than 
others  burst  forth  in  their  place.     Our  Magazine  is  irrigated  like 


II 


PREFACE. 


tho<v  famous  trees — we.  at  loast,  endeavour  to  make  it  flourish  by 
noiirishiii:!  it  on  the  wine  of  truth,  philosophy,  and  wit ; — and  we 
ran  assure  our  reailers  that,  if  the  public  })atruna^  be  extended  ta 
u<  as  that  of  the  Rouuuis  to  the  plane-trees  of  Hortenaius,  it  shall  be 
with  nur  Miigazine  as  with  those  lofty  trees,  the  purchased  leaves 
sliall  lx»  succee^ie^l  bv  others  "more  beautiful  still."  On  these 
terms  we  confidently  look  for  a  renewed  era  of  pleasant  labour  and 
pros|»trity: — an  union  which  forms  that  magic  fountain  whence  is 
derived  the  unfading  youth  of  the  public's  friend  and  servant, 

Stlvaxus  Urban. 


LIST  OF  EMBELLISHMENTS  TO  THE  VOLUME. 

(Ali  <if  wMicM  are  gfrimied  «  ll^mHtmJ) 


The  Charch  at  Goodmanham,  Yorkahire  . 

Capital  of  an  Arch  in  GdHlmanham  Church 

Scalptureti  Stoue  at  Dirttall  Church,  Yorkshire 

Norman  Capitals  in  N>w  Shorvham  Church,  Sussex 

Somptiog  Church.  Sussex  .  .  .  > 

St.  Hilary  Church,  Cornwall  .... 

Seals  of  Muschamp  and  of  Sir  Robert  Maners 

Situation  of  Bignor,  as  seen  from  Bury  Hill 

Huts  protecting  the  Bignor  PaTements 

PaTement  of  the  principal  Room  at  Bignor 

Inscription  on  the  Church  Tower  at  West  Bridgfoni,  co.  Nottingham 

Interior  of  Stonehenge,  ftrom  the  East 

Stonehenge,  from  the  North  ,  .  .  . 

Old  Chestnut  Tree  at  Cotele,  in  Cornwall 

*«*o»l*w,  and  the  birthplace  of  Thomson 

AMiert  Cradform  Moand  in  Sl  Margaret's  Ptok.  Herefbidshire 

OU  Smrvm,  from  the  DeiiiM  Road 

OMvEntrcachmenta  of  Old  Sarum 

fcrtciu  Entrance  to  Old  Sarum 

BM*»«ye  Xwm  of  Old  Swum,  shewing  its  pretent  state 

Iv^pMnt  of  the  Town  WaU  of  Old  Sarum 

Old  8vam,  from  Uttle  Dumford  HiU      . 


14 
17 
41 
134 
135 
136 
151 
260 
261 
263 
337 
340 
341 
351 
364 
387 
579 
ih 
581 
584 
585 
587 


THE 

GENTLEMAFS  MAGAZINE 

AND 

HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 

JULY  1853. 


CONTENTS. 

PAOK 

MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE.— Habingdon's  Hiatory  of  Worcertersliire— MemorUls  of  the  Poet 
Cowper  at  Weston  Underwood— Effigies  of  Knights  Templar»— The  Female  Descendants  of 
Charles  I.— Leadhilla— Mr.  L.  W.  Wyatt a 

Memoirs,  Joaraal,  and  Correspondence  of  Thomas  Moore 3 

Wanderings  of  an  Antiquary  :  by  Thomas  Wright,  P.S.A.— No.  X.    From  York 

to  Godmanham  (with  Engravingt)    11 

The  Lady  NoTelists  of  Great  Britain <  • 18 

A  Political  Caricature  temp.  Charles  1 25 

A  Midland  Tovm  in  the  reign  of  George  the  Third 28 

Mr.  Gardiner's  Anecdotes  of  Thomas  Moore 33 

Historical  Notes  on  the  Retaining  of  Legal  Counsel 36 

Discovery  of  Roman  Remains  at  Kingsholm,  near  Gloucester « 39 

Sculptured  Stone  at  Birstall  Church,  Yorkshire  (trt'M  an  Bngroving)    41 

The  Bourne,  or  Intermitting  Stream,  of  Croydon.  By  Cuthbert  W.  Johnson,  Esq.  42 

The  Etymology  of  Stonehenge.     By  £dwin  Guest,  Esq.  D.C.L 45 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN.— The  Repairs  of  Lambeth  Church— The 
Roches,  and  Visconnty  of  Fennoy— Richard  of  Cirencester — Postmen  in  the  reign  of 
Charles  I.— Historical  Notes  on  the  Culture  of  Beet  Root— Early  State  of  St.  James's  Park 
— "  Hey  don  with  One  Hand,"  and  Elizabethan  Dads — Sir  Beris  Buhner  and  the  Mines  of 
Mendip — Concealors,  or  Informers  of  Land  concealed  firom  the  Crown  46 

NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH.— The  proposed  New  Statutes  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries— Annl- 
verify  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  and  the  recent  Discoveriea  in  Assyria— Anniversary  of  the 
Linnaian  Societ>'— Prizes  at  the  Society  of  Arts — Conrertazione  at  the  Architectural 
Museum— In.stallation  of  the  Earl  of  Derby  as  Chancellor  of  Oxford  University— Prizes  at 
Combridjre— Sale  of  Louis  Philippe's  Spanish  Pictures  and  of  the  Standish  Gallery — Pic- 
tures by  J.  M.  W.  Turner— Baron  Marochetti's  Statue  of  Richard  Coeur  de  Lion — Pro- 
poiied  Statue  to  Sir  L-uiao  Newton  at  Grantham— John  ICnox's  House  at  Edinburgh — Gift  to 
Trinity  College,  Toronto — Elections  in  ttie  Royal  Society— Queen's  College,  Cork— Mr. 
Alex.  Soraerville— Mr.  Britten's  Wiltshire  Collections — Mr.  James  Underwo^ 6* 

HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS.— Selections  from  the  Correspondence  of 
Thomas  Chalmers,  D.D.— Poems  by  Edward  Quilinan,  G9  ;  Pulleyn's  Etymological  Com- 
pendium, by  Merton  A.  Thorns,  70 ;  The  Odes  of  Horace,  translated  by  F.  W.  Newman, 
71 ;  The  Politics  and  Economics  of  Aristotle,  translated  by  E.  Walford,  MJi.  74  ;  Aker- 
raan's  Wiltshire  Tales— Dod's  Electoral  Facts— The  Davs  of  Battle,  75;  The  City  of 
Rome— Hiir<«  Manual  of  Godfathers  and  Godmothers — Parker's  Ten  Sermons  of  ReUglon . .  76 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES— Society  of  Antiquaries,  76 ;  Archeological  Institute,  78 ; 
British  Archaeological  Association— Numismatic  Society,  80 ;  Kilkenny  and  South-East  of 
Ireland  Archaeological  Society  81 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.— Foreign  News,  81 ;  Domestic  Occurrences 82 

Promotions  and  Preferments,  83 ;  Births,  84  ;  Marriages   85 

OBITUARY  ;  with  Memoirs  of  the  Earl  of  Ducie ;  Lord  Dacre  ;  Sir  Charles  Abraham  Elton, 
Bart. ;  Sir  Montagu  Chapman,  Bart. :  Shr  Jonah  D.  Wheeler-Cuffe,  Bart. ;  Sir  John  Hope, 
Bart. ;  Lient.-Gen.  Sir  R.  Arbuthnot ;  Vice-Adm.  Sir  Francis  Mason ;  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir 
Charles  Macleod  ;  MiOOT-Oeneral  Whetham ;  Sir  Robert  B.  Comyn ;  A.  F.  Gregory,  Esq. ; 
Culling  Charles  Smith,  Esq.;  Rev.  Dr.  Silver;  Rev.  G.  L.  Cooke,  B.D. ;  John  Lucius 
Dampter.  Esq. ;  Henry  Mitcalfe,  Esq. ;  Charles  Tawney,  Esq. ;  Benjamin  Tulloch,  Esq. ; 
LndwigTieck:  Mr.  James  Carter    87—97 

Dbatss,  arranged  in  Chronological  Order   97 

Bflgistnir>General's  Returns  of  Mortality  in  the  Metropolis— Markets,  103;   Meteorological 

Diary— Daily  Price  of  Stocks 104 


Bt   SYLVANUS  URBAN,   Gent. 


2 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


Mr.  Urban, — I  have  loiuewhere  read 
a  statement  that  Naah'a  '*  History  of  Wor- 
cestershire **  does  not  gije  a  correct  idea 
of  the  merits  of  Habingdon,  on  whose 
manuscript  it  is  founded.  I  should  be  glad 
to  learn  from  some  correspondent  of  yours 
whether  this  is  the  case,  and  to  what  ex- 
tent, and  in  what  respect :  in  particular, 
whether  Dr.  Nash  omitted  much  of  Habing- 
don*8  matter^  and  whether  Habingdon's 
MS.  contains  any  and  what  pedigrees  not 
in  Nash's  work,  and  where  the  MS.  is  to 
be  seen.— I  am,  &c.  A.  L. 

Mr.  Urban, — As  every  memorial,  how- 
erar  minute,  of  the  admired  Cowper  pos- 
sesses its  interest,  I  submit  to  your  readers 
a  Greek  line  which  I  discovered  a  few 
dAys  since  at  the  base  of  the  pedestal 
which  supports  a  bust  of  Homer  in  the 
wilderness  of  Weston  Underwood.  The 
line  has  recently  been  so  obscured  and 
oottcealed  by  weeds  and  briars,  that  it  has 
6Maped  observation.  A  worthy  clergy- 
man in  an  adjoining  pariah,  to  whom  I 
submitted  it,  with  much  promptitude  and 
felicity,  Jiscovered  it  to  be  a  line  in  the 
Odyssey,  the  First  Book,  the  308th  line, 
admitting  only  a  slight  variation :  in  the 
original  it  stands  thus^ — 

"  Qs  rti  voTTjp  &  irmdi,   icai   ovirotf 
\rf<rofuu  avTov  ;** 

on  the  pedestal  of  the  monnment  it  ap- 
pears— 

"  Qs    re    trmff    &    irarpi    Km    ovirote 

Cowper  thus  translates  the  line  very  lite- 
raUy— 

*'  Who  SA  a  Aither  teaehei  hii  own  son 
Has  taught  me,  and  I  nerar  will  fingtt." 

With  more  elegance,  but  with  greater  Uti- 
tade  of  interpretation,  Pope  renders  it— • 

"  So  flithsn  speak  (persnastre  speech  and  ndld) 
Their  sage  erperience  to  the  fimmrtte  child.** 

Cowper's  inability  to  forget  hia  great 
master  in  song,  he  assimilates  with  that  of 
a  dutiful  child  to  a  beloved  father;  his 
favourite  recollections  continiitelly  revert- 
ing to  his  cherished  author  precluding 
forgetful ness.  In  concluding  let  me  in- 
vite attention  to  the  state  of  the  three 
commemorative  Urns  in  Weston  Grove. 
Two  of  these  upon  the  borders  of  the 
Wilderness  are  in  very  fair  condition, 
and  the  inscriptions,  with  a  little  aid  of 
the  memory,  fair  and  legible.  The  third, 
standing  in  the  heart  of  the  Grove,  I 
regret  to  say,  is  in  a  very  dilapidated 


and  precarious  state;  by  wanton  mis- 
chief and  levity  only,  as  I  apprehend,  its 
position  is  so  much  out  of  the  perpendi- 
(mlar,  that  a  hand  or  a  walking-stick  might 
push  it  from  its  pedestal.  These  classic 
memorials,  in  conjunction  with  a  lion  and 
the  aforesaid  bust,  constitute  the  only  re- 
miniscences of  the  Poet  now  remaining  at 
Weston.  Yours,  &c.     Thomas  Welton. 

Olney. 

Mr.  Jonathan  Hindle  remarks  that 
two  effigies  of  Knights  Templar  (as  sup- 
posed) Sir  Robert  de  Stiveton,  of  Kild- 
wick  in  Craven,  and  Adam  de  Middleton, 
of  Ilkley,  are  described  and  portrayed  in 
Whitaker's  History  of  Craven.  They 
appear  to  have  died  nearly  at  the  same 
time,  about  the  year  1306  or  1307;  and 
our  Correspondent  inquires.  In  which  ex- 
pedition to  the  Holy  Land  were  they 
engaged  ? 

Our  friend  Dr.  Doran  fell  into  an 
erroneous  expression  at  the  close  of  his 
article  on  "  The  Daughters  of  Charles  I.'' 
in  our  last  number,  which  has  called  forth 
the  remarks  of  more  than  one  corres- 
pondent When  he  stated  that  on  the 
death  of  Henrietta  Duchess  of  Orleans 
*'  was  extinguished  the  female  line  de- 
scended from  Charles,"  he  should  rather 
have  said,  *'  such  was  the  end  of  the  last 
surviving  daughter  of  Charles."  Henrietta 
left,  aa  is  well  known,  two  daughters, 
. . « .  married  to  Charles  II.,  King  of  Spain, 
and  Anne-Mary  married  to  Yictor-Ama- 
deua  II.  of  Savoy,  King  of  Sardinia.  The 
latter  only  had  issue,  and  her  present 
representative  is  the  hereditary  Prince  of 
IVIodena,  in  right  of  his  mother,  the  eldest 
daughter  and  coheir  of  Victor-Emanuel, 
King  of  Sardinia.  (See  Mr.  C.  E.  Long's 
Royal  Descents,  1845,  p.  1.) 

Grotius,  referring  to  last  number  of 
Gent.  Mag.  p.  591,  line  20th  (in  continua- 
tion of  paper  on  "  Leadhills  '*)  begs  to 
correct  two  erroneous  words  inadvertently 
inserted  from  a  preceding  sentence  t— 
delete  ''and  buckets.*'  Ladders  have 
been  introduced  at  Leadhills,  but  never 
buckets.  A.  B.  G. 

June,  p.  670.  The  late  Ifr.  L.  W.  Wyatt 
died  on  the  14th  February.  Besides  the 
noblemen  and  gentlemen  mentioned  in 
his  memoir,  he  was  employed  by  the  Earl 
of  Denbigh,  Viscount  Curzon,  Lord  Sel- 
sey.  Lord  Bolton,  and  General  Wemyss. 
Among  his  property  sold  at  Christie's 
was  a  view  of  London  Bridge,  painted  by 
Clemendt  de  Joughe,  a<*  1650  :  it  was  sold 
for  30/.  9«. 


THE 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


AND 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 


THOMAS  MOORE. 

Memoirs,  Joumal,  and  Correspondence  of  Thomas  Moore.    Edited  by  the  Right  Hon. 

Lord  John  RusseU,  M.P.    Vols.  I.  II.  III.  and  IV. 


THE  second  portion,  of  the  Me- 
moirs, Journal,  and  Ck>rre8pondence  of 
Thomas  Moore  is  now  before  the  public. 
In  the  first  two  volumes  was  detailed — 
as  far  as  brief  memoir,  from  two  to  three 
hnndred  letters,  and  a  year  of  diary 
could  give  it — the  course  of  the  poet  s 
life,  from  his  birth  on  the  28th  of  May, 
1779,  to  the  year  of  his  hegira  from 
England  in  1819,  under  pressure  of 
the  unfortunate  "  .attachment,**  result- 
ing from  the  fraudulent  conduct  of  his 
d^oty  in  Bermuda. 

The  interral  between  those  two  dates 
18  marked  by  many  an  interesting  in- 
cident. Moore  was  born  in  Dublin,  at 
a  humble  hearth,  and  of  honest  Roman 
Catholic  parents  His  father,  the  pro- 
prietor Ota  well-frequented  wine- store, 
was  helped  to  gentility  by  the  great- 
nees  of  his  son,  whose  influence,  when 
lie  was  the  idol  of  drawing-rooms,  pro- 
cored  for  his  sire  a  barrack-mastership. 
Bot  the  greatness  of  the  son  was,  in  no 
common  degree,  the  work  of  his  incom- 
parable mother.  She  discerned  the 
qualities  of  her  boy,  and,  eagerly  and 
nnweariedly  moved  by  nothing  but  her 
great  affection,  not  only  afforded  him 
uL  facilities  for  their  development,  but 
used  even  a  loving  constraint  in  order 
that  the  facilities,  which  she  could  pro- 
cure but  at  sacrifices  such  as  only 
mothers  can  make,  should  be  wisely 
and  profitably  employed. 

MoorCy  like  Tasso,  began  his  love 
for  flODg  on  the  very  breast  of  the 
■Kuttwrwho  nursed  him.  He  warbled 
teoogh  his  pleasant  childhood ;  ceased 
to  sing,  to  play,  or  to  court 


the  muse  during  his  creditable  career 
at  school  and  his  hiehly  honourable 
course  at  college ;  and  finally  brought 
with  him  from  the  university  his  trans- 
lation of  "  Anacreon,**  as  a  proof  that 
the  voung  student,  yet  in  nis  teens, 
was  both  a  poet  and  a  scholar. 

With  his  "Anacreon"  in  his  port- 
manteau, a  few  guineas  that  could  ill 
be  spared,  but  which  were  joyfully 
contributed  by  his  self-denying  parentt, 
and  a  scapula  duly  fortified  by  saintlv 
blessing  to  protect  its  wearer  from  au 
harm,  young  Moore  came  up  to  London 
to  keep  his  terms  at  the  Temple.  His 
talents  had  made  friends  for  him  in 
Dublin,  and  these  friends  loaded  him 
with  introductions  to  the  great  coteries 
of  the  metropolis.  The  already  accom- 
plished minstrel  was  welcomed  at  every 
princely  threshold  whereat  he  pre- 
sented himself.  When  he  surfeited  of 
royal  and  noble  banquets  and  regallv 
furnished  bedchambers,  he  could  witn 
the  gay  ease  of  Alcibiades  adapt  him- 
self to  other  circumstances;  and  he 
slept,  as  tired  men  sleep,  in  his  little 
apartment  in  Greorge-street,  Portnuui- 
square,  for  which  he  paid  six  shillings 
a-week ;  and  he  dined,  as  huuery  men 
can  dine,  with  poor  French  exiles,  and 
after  French  fashion,  at  nine  pence  tiie 
repast. 

A  commoner  led  the  poet  to  Lord 
Moira,  and  the  peer  conducted  him  to 
the  presence  ana  patronage  of  a  prince. 
The  hopes  bom  of  the  mmiliar  inter- 
course which  followed  kept  Moore  al- 
ternately happy  and  anxious  for  a  long 
course  of  years.    It  was  perfect  felioi^ 


Uiomas  Moore. 


[July, 


to  him  to  sing  to  crowds  of  noble, 
besutifiil,  perluptf  weeping,  women. 
These  he  loyed  to  deeply  move ;  but 
for  ^  iltf-hearers,**  as  he  c^\s  them,  he 
had  undiflguised  contempt.  He  sang 
on  in  hope  that  some  guerdon  in  re- 
turn would  be  flung  to  tlte  minstrel ; 
but  when  he  found  that  peeresses  cared 
not  to  influence  their  lords  in  behalf 
of  the  singer,  and  that  lords  abounded 
in  promise  but  altcwether  lacked  per- 
formance, he  wishedall  his  proud  but 
unprofitable  patrons  "at  tne  devil,*" 
ana  spoke  witn  justifiable  bitterness  of 
the  people  who  could  "  value  the  silk,^ 
while  they  neglected  "  the  poor  worm 
who  wastes  himself  in  spinning  it  out 
to  them." 

At  length,  however,  the  laureateship 
was  in  1803  offered  to,  and  for  a  mo- 
ment accepted  by,  him.  It  was  ac- 
cept€<l  for  the  sake  of  enabling  him  to 
devote  what  trifle  of  salary  was  to  be 
picked  up,  amid  the  leaves  of  the  laurel 
and  the  links  of  the  chain,  to  the  relief 
of  his  parents.  But,  if  he  loved  these 
well,  he  loved  not  liberty  less,  and  ac- 
cordingly he  shook  the  court  wreath 
from  his  brow  almost  as  soon  as  he  had 
assumed  it.  Lord  Moira  thought  he 
had  mistaken  his  vocation,  and  his 
lordship  admirably  illustrated  his  sense 
of  appropriate  oatronage  by  ofierinff 
the  poet  the  omce  of  registrar — hau 
magistrate,  half  clerk — at  Bermuda. 
Moore  almost  justified  the  appropri- 
ateness of  the  ofier  by  accepting  it. 
But  he  was  influenced  by  thoughts  of 
the  narrowed  circumstances  of  the 
**  dear  ones  of  his  heart "  at  home ; 
and,  hoping  to  find  for  them  content 
and  competence  in  the  "still- vexed 
Bermoothes,**  he  set  ofi*  to  erect  his 
bower  and  theirs  beyond  the  Atlantic. 

This  step  was  followed  by  momentous 
consequences.  The  poet,  disgusted 
with  the  detaib  of  his  official  duties, 
left  them  to  be  performed  by  a  deputy, 
quitted  the  island,  travelled  through  a 
portion  of  the  States,  and  in  1806  gave 
to  the  world  the  result  of  his  expe- 
rience in  his  celebrated  and  popular 
collection  of  "  Epistles  and  Odes.**  The 
work  was  furiously  attacked  by  Jef- 
frey. The  poet  dragged  his  critic  into 
a  "duello;*  nobody  was  hurt;  the 
adversaries  became  warm  friends ;  the 
"  Edinburgh  **  obtained  a  new  contri- 
butor; and,  instead  of  exchanging 
shots,  Moore  sent  "articles**  to  the 


North,  and  Jefirey  answered  them  hj 
dntugiiU  that  were  infinitely  preferabfe 
to  those  of  Ilelicon. 

Awaiting  office,  the  poet  took  in 
hand  a  lyre,  which  he  swept  to  some 
profit  and  to  his  undying  glory.  In 
1807  opened  the  series  of  "Iridi  Me- 
lodies,'* which  was  continued  at  in- 
tervals until  the  year  1834.  With 
these  his  name  will  live  for  ever.  In 
them  he  showed  that  erotic  poetry 
might  be  refined,  and  convivial  poetry 
be  made  decent,  without  a  sacrifice  A 
tenderness  or  vivacity.  The  Melodies 
will  yet  delight  millions  whc^  the  au- 
thor*s  mistake  in  1 808, "  Little*s  Poems,** 
will  be  forgotten  or  forgiven.  In  1 81 1, 
however,  he  achieved  the  work  of  his 
youth  of  which  he  had  most  reason  to 
be  proud  and  gmteful.  He  won  the 
heart  (and  he  must  have  been  an  irre- 
sistible wooer)  of  a  fair  sirl,  who  was 
as  good  and  gentle  as  3ie  was  fair; 
portionless  withal  in  worldly  goods, 
but  richly  endowed  in  all  womanly 
virtues.  When  Moore  made  her  his 
wife  he  secured  sunshine  to  his  house 
for  ever. 

Their  fii*st  home  was  at  Queen*8 
Elm,  Brompton,  and  a  little  "Barbara** 
in  due  season  arrived  to  enliven  their 
hearth,  there  and  elsewhere,  during 
five  brief  years — and  then  she  diec^ 
at  an  age  when  children  are  most  re- 
luctantly parted  from.  All  of  her  that 
Heaven  could  spare,  to  use  a  phrase 
of  Dryden*s,  lies  in  a  modestly-indi- 
cated grave  in  the  retired  churchyard 
at  Homse^ .  When  we  last  saw,  a  few 
evenings  smce,  the  resting-place  of  the 
poet*s  child,  the  buttercups  were  grow- 
ing on  it  in  serried  clusters,  and  the 
lingering  rays  of  the  setting  sun  ad- 
dr^ed  to  it,  as  usual,  their  warm  "good 
nidht.** 

But,  in  the  meantime,  the  Bard  with- 
drew to  Kegworth  in  Leicestershire, 
spurred  to  work  by  the  hopelessness  of 
ODtaining  political  preferment,  and 
cheered  too  by  the  compact  with  Power, 
the  music  publisher,  that  for  the  next 
seven  years  five  hundred  pounds  an- 
nually should  repajr  in  gold  all  that 
the  minstrel  could  give  in  song  under 
the  guise  of  Irish  melody.  It  was  alto- 
gether a  happy  time.  It  had  its  doodsi 
for  political  expectation  was  extin- 
guished ;  and  Lord  Moira,  protesting 
against  bein^  "  oblivious  **  of  his  prO' 
t^ej  sent  him  a  basket  of  game,  am 


I85d.] 


Thomas  Moore. 


A)igot  him  thenceforth  and  for  ever. 
Bat  the  Bard  had  other  friends  and 
true ;  and,  moreover,  a  little  Anastasia, 
'•  not  big^r  than  a  twopenny  wax  doll," 
as  be  gulj  aays,  and  "  a  tning  to  be 
proud  of,**  as  he  afterwards  exclaimed, 
was  added  now  to  the  family  circle. 
With  his  household  gods  he  removed 
to  Ashbourne,  in  Derbyshire,  and  there 
during  three  winters,  and  amid  other 
occupations,  he  built  up  that  brilliant 
edifice  which  the  world  crowned  with 
its  admiration  when  in  1817  it  ap- 
peared in  its  carefully  wrought  per- 
fection, under  the  name  of  '*  Lalla 
Rookh.**  Three  thousand  pounds  was 
the  ffuerdon  of  the  singer,  a  liberality 
whicn  the  Bard  likened  to  the  prodi- 

Sty  of  tulip  fanciers,  who  fling  away 
unes  on  a  flower.  It  was  a  little 
fortune,  but  when  did  bard  treat  good 
fortune  so  judiciously  or  so  honestly? 
He  devoted  one  thousand  pounds  to 
the  sweeping  away  of  all  his  debts; 
with  the  other  two  thousand  he  pur- 
chased an  annuity  for  the  mother  he 
loved  and  the  father  he  reverenced 
in  the  old  house  at  home.  They  had 
been  somewhat  jealous  that  his  mar- 
riage might  ]3revent  his  visiting  them 
as  of  yore  with  substantial  anection. 
Moore  was  not  the  child  to  forget 
mother  or  father,  and  his  excellent 
wife  was  not  the  woman  to  desire  that 
he  should  do  so. 

In  the  year  of  the  publication  of 
Lidla  Rookh  its  author  removed  to  his 
abiding  tabernacle,  pitched  beneath 
the  shadow  of  Bowood.  Lord  Lans- 
downe  had  lured  the  minstrel  from  his 
Derbyshire  cot,  and  the  hearth  at 
which  the  latter  now  sat  in  Sloperton 
cottage  was  that  at  which  some  five 
and  Uiirty  years  later  he  died  full  of 
years  and  honour,  leaving  one  solitary 
mourner  to  dwell  upon  the  tear-im- 
pelling memories  of  the  chequered 
poet,  and  bear  with  **  this  bleak  world 
alone." 

It  was  this  happy  home  that  was 
temporarily  abandoned  in  1819,  when 
Moore  became  responsible  for  the 
frauds  committed  by  his  deputy  at 
Bermuda.  Lord  John  Russell  took 
him  by  the  hand,  and  set  him  safe 
from  the  law*s  pursuits  by  flight  to  the 
coDtiDent. 

We  now  come  to  the  second  and 
irfore  recently-published  portion  of 
thii  interesting  work.    The  illustrious 


travellers  journeyed  in  pleasant  com- 
panionship to  Italy.  The  sight  of 
Mont  Blanc  excited  the  sensitive  poet 
to  tears,  the  aspect  of  female  Italian 
manners  moved  him  to  indignation, 
and  the  canals  of  Venice,  **  stmking  " 
beneath  the  mean  Rialto,  stirred  up  all 
he  could  feel  of  disgust.  Moore  was 
again  in  Paris  in  December  1819, 
where  in  the  first  month  of  the  ensuing 
year  he  was  joined  by  his  long-expected 
wife  and  children.  This  residence  in 
Paris  continued  nearly  two  years,  and 
perhaps  more  gay  dissipation  than 
useful  labour  marked  its  course.  An 
entry  in  the  diary  to  this  effect,  "  Not 
very  well :  this  company-going  hurts 
and  wearies  me,"  speaks  for  itself. 
The  poet,  however,  occasionally  went 
to   bed   before  the  chimes   struck  at 


nevertheless,  rises  to  address  himself 
to  his  vocation  ;  but  again,  albeit  now 
and  then  he  accomplished  some  of  the 
most  charming  of  his  melodies,  we  find 
him  too  often  making  record  of  another 
idle  day,  and  deplonng  that  he  is  **  so 
much  at  the  beck  of  every  one  who 
chooses  to  have  me." 

The  exile  at  length  returned  home, 
under  the  assumed  name  of  Mr.  Dyke 
and  the  disguise  of  a  pair  of  mous- 
tachios.  Moore  fondly  hoped  to  settle 
the  Bermuda  claims  by  tne  proceeds 
arising  from  the  profits  of  the  Memoirs 
of  Sheridan,  on  which  he  was  now  en- 
gaged. In  the  mean  time  he  pro- 
ceeded to  visit  Ireland,  bearing  with 
him  as  a  present  to  his  mother  a 
"pocket  book,"  which  was  poor  gifl 
enough  in  itself,  but  to  which  he  gave 
inestmiable  value  by  inserting  in  them 
the  well-known  lines,  than  which  loving 
child  never  paid  to  a  proud  mother 
more  affectionate  or  more  touching 
tribute.  During  this  visit  he  sat  to 
Mossop  and  Kirk,  the  Irish  artists,  and 
he  half  seriously  half  jocosely  notes 
that  "  the  protuberance  I  have  in  the 
forehead  is  remarked  in  heroes — Na- 
poleon, the  Duke  of  Wellington,  and 
the  rest  of  us  r 

The  generous  aid  of  Lord  Lans- 
downe  enabled  him  to  free  himself 
from  the  Bermudian  responsibilities, 
and  he  exultingly  records  his  delight 
at  walking  in  open  day,  once  more  at 
liberty.     "Grod  bless  you,  my  own 


.   ■• 


[July, 
ica.  ^.^^ucst  {that  U 


^ir  «:rTir«£i  i-c'tfaoM  who 
-viAi    :i?^>e>i  AS  the  oqb- 


r  '=c«  -  iAT%  he  M 


MM 


tomah 


r    .  •  -      :-    ■  ?^    ^    1   little  kfo^ 

*■•.::.'  -J  ui  1  >.cj.  i«  I  doabC 
V -•:  :••-  .;.w-  z-r-T  >s  Able  to  tikc 
-:  -.       :^-    vi-ir    ks   I   ^jed."    Soon 

■;      .     :.^*-   :.r-~*^     " :?  was  a 
r  -■-.'-  »-  ','>z  'pr^Hm  -to  eoo- 

:!••  ^'.'^'^    -•  *-='  i":tk  luxniy, 

-■    .-      L-. .  -"•;-?  .1-    rX"     In  Juljof 

--■••-    :h^   Li5t  of  Ui 
1.        .  -       •  '  c- 1-. -r-?^— "    Moore  thai 

>    •  •  • .     _  ^- .  r     i'.  T  :...  f^  Qore  thu 

■-  •  :r.-^:>tA:4i*hed  har- 

:  -L  -r-  »:". C2es  «enritade aft 

— -:       *    -  1-  ^  :-r'-=-i  fn^nn  a  tour  to 

>-;^-.  -  -  ■-   '-.•  ri  AT.  i  Lodj  Lmi- 

-  ■» ..      ■  :-  -  -  1  :>el:r.j;i  of  dfdigfat  it 

1- .-       _ . :    J.  "    r-.  j,.:..-^  -home,-  a«  to  giw 

.^.i.:    :.-.    :.-:    •"   :"::*   jJacritj  with 

:.   -  •     «i.  ::  i.-.  :ri'-.j:^-:  :he  .SrniiwofCft- 

;—.-.•-  v*i    -   .-  ^v*?-!  *.?  «veet]T  seiiti- 


-    -  -   >    ■ 


./    i  1:..    .•.:.>    :  :..w  •:>iruocion  of  the 

.  -..     .:..-■■  L  ■•.-  -  ■:   i»;.7  ::.  «•  fa--noarable  to 

...-.-.  1  jv  M  .  r  •.   -v...   ".r.-   :e.ui  wiih   irreat  in- 

•            •                .                   -        .  .     .    ■     ..               ^  ^^ 

.  .   ".  ■      il-.;.  ...•.'•   ^n  '.rirr-      Wv  «1. ail .. I; a<k*tv  this  dream* 

.'    . .      .../......  1  ;:.  .1;  1  iLJi  •:^:.. .  .i*.  .*  ljT--r  «'j  j-.-riuniiT.    Wecan 

■    ■, .J    *.         i..'.'  L-.:      .:._v  :.^:r.i:.  tiic  IcdJingincidenti 

j.  ;      .  y                •       i.'---.  '.:.■  »»'.:t.-  -.'I  tl.t  v-.:.i!i.i.-  L-j;av  u?;  and  we  maj 

.  :    ,  , .....      it  i.v  li  k :  ■.■..>.:.  a:  i  ::i4:.  ..iicr  j»-/rii?in2  the  record  (n 

J  '                  •       ;// :    .   ,-  ':.     Krvii«.'.i  :L-.   la'  .ur  wbioh  ho  applied  to  pcr- 

1.   -  ■  ^'.i.-ii- r- iii'iT'-iy  lev '.iuj  iii*   Mv'tiioi:?  of"  Sheridan  in 

'\     :..:,.  v.:./  ■i;-.ii.»ii^c'i  !•'-'■'•.  wc  ai-  jl-.i-l  to  aocompanj  him 

.,  .  .      .....      .,.  .h  iii.il    i"    lh.li  '.111  iii*  ^i^it  t.«  ^ir  Walter  Scott  in  Oc- 

/,.,..       I.    -  I  I...  i  T.},.;  •.\I.ijl-.-  -uui  ImIkt '-I'ltiL- vlmf  iu>t  namod.     On  one 

}',      ..,'-,,      ii.i.i  i-. .-  wtiijii  |iniu.tUjr  Oi'  iliv.-  j..y..'U-  lu-AiiF  at  Abbot:<tbrd^thtt 

I.    ,■      ..   : 


..■   .:i    |ivii.^'  iliij  «l«;iit' oi'  iiK-iTV    party    a-^LMiiMed    r^aug   **  Hey 

.,  , Mp';'ii.    r.>  iinliviliiais  luttK-    l:itilo!"   "  all  nf  US  standing 

..,    , ..,ii.,.i  I,;'.  .i,:raUli:uitiilile  romi-.l   the  talilo,  with  hands  croasM 

..,,...    .       II,    ...iiNiiijii   I'll-   money  ainl  juiiuil,ainl  «'liui"U3sing  every  verte 

'.,  ,  '  .,  ,,.  ,...  with  all  uur  ini«»lit  and  main."     TheM 

\V ......  «..    Ill'  iVil'MiiiirilMt.iwaitMl  lmu^^  ol'  hearty  mirth  had  been  wdl 

liiMi  /^li'ii  'M'   l.iiMily  wjTn:  iiu.'i:  iinjiv  oarne«l  by  days  and  nights  of  labour 

H^Hi  iiit.h  I  I'.'iii'l  liii  roltaj^r  JM-arih  at  ami  aiixioty,  and  with  Ibeir  record  the 

till.  I  |fiu>»  "I  il.f  yi'nr  IM22.    1  lis  Sacred  fourih  volume  ol"  the  series  cornea  to 

Hfrfitf*  Nfi'l  i\M>idM:rt,  hiH  Kalilert  Ibr  the  an  appropriate  elotie. 
Utilf  AUiMiiiv,  iiful  hiH  |iur|H.'tual  ex-         As  far  as  the  work  haa  hitherto  gone 


1868.] 


TTioman  Moore. 


tht  effect  produced  by  it  on  the  reader 
it  one  l^olj  fiiTOuraDle  to  its  especiaJ 
lutD.  lufl  faults  were  few,  and  are  for- 
gotten. To  some  his  political  opinions 
wtre  sins ;  but  they  who  hang  delighted 
over  his  poetry  think  as  little  about  his 
politics  as  a  bishop  thinks  of  Milton^s 
ptiTKte  opinions  when  he  is  8tud3ring 
nrodise  I/ost,  or  as  the  most  ultra  of 
CoBsenratiTes  thinks  when  he  reads 
the  Ode  to  the  Nightingale,  of  the 
mdioaUsm  of  poor  Keats. 

The  Tolumes  we  are  now  considering 
abound  in  evidences  of  Moore*s  cx- 
mufhrj  conduct  as  a  son.  Ilis  mother  s 
Wtters  are  welcomed  by  him  because 
thej  bring  to  him  the  "odour  of  home." 
The  sight  of  her,  he  says,  will  |^ut 
spurs  to  the  heel  of  my  heart."  Tnat 
heart,  with  head  and  Kand,  ever  found 
it  a  labour  of  love  to  toil  for  means 
tibat  should  lighten  the  anxieties  of 
both  his  parents.  In  the  midst  of  his 
now  joy  as  a  husband  he  writes  to  his 
mother  that  her  counsel  shall  always 
be  his  guide,  as  of  old.  If  his  means 
temporarily  fail  his  generositjr  and  sub- 
stantial gratitude  never  dimmish.  lie 
half  chides  that  there  should  be  a  re- 
luctance to  take  what  he  is  so  ready  to 
Tield,  and  when  necessity  presses  at 
nis  father's  heart  the  noble  son  gives 
the  consolation  which  is  required,  with 
promptitude  alike  of  heart  and  of  purse. 
The  mother  might  well  be  proud  of 
raeh  a  son,  and  pardonable  was  the 
vanity  which  made  her  desirous  of 
seeing  one  of  the  evidences  of  her  boy*s 

r.tness — ^his  intimacy  with  the  great 
birth.  "My  mother,"  he  says, 
»  expressing  a  strong  wish  to  see  Lord 
Lansdowne  without  the  fuss  of  a  visit 
from  him,  I  engaged  to  manage  it  for 
her.  Told  him  that  he  must  let  me 
diew  him  to  two  people  who  considered 
me  as  the  greatest  man  in  the  world, 
and  him  as  the  next,  for  being  my 
friend.  Very  good-naturedly  allowed 
me  to  walk  him  past  the  windows,  and 
wished  to  call  upon  them,  but  I  thought 
it  better  thus." 

If  Moore  was  fortunate  in  possessing 
soch  a  mother,  he  was  not  less  so  in 
the  blessing  which  Heaven  granted 
him  in  a  wire.  "  My  dear  Bessie,"  he 
lays  in  his  diary,  "planting  some  roots ; 
looking  for  a  place  to  put  a  root  of 
pink  hepatica  in,  where  (as  she  Raid)  I 
m^t  best  see  tliem  in  my  walk."  The 
act  was  typical  of  many  others  from 


the  same  hand  and  heart ;  and  Moore 
not  only  found  blessinp  scattered 
around  him,  but  recognised  them  as 
especially  strewn  by  the  hand  of  affec- 
tion, where  he  might  best  see  and  best 
f)rofit  by  them.  He  records  with  de- 
ight  too  her  active  sympathy  for  the 
poor  in  their  vicinity.  "  Dear  gene- 
rous girl,"  he  writes  of  her,  "there 
never  was  anything  like  her  for  warm- 
heartedness and  devotion."  This  pleas- 
ing sort  of  testimony  is  oflen  given  in 
the  diary,  but  we  turn  therefrom  to  a 
letter  to  his  mother  (1813),  in  which 
he  says,  "  you  would  have  laughed  in 
seeing  Bessie  and  me  in  going  to  din- 
ner. We  found  in  the  middle  of  our 
walk  that  we  were  near  half  an  hour 
too  early  for  dinner,  so  we  set  to  prac' 
tising  cmitttry  dances  in  the  middle  of  a 
retired  green  lane,  till  the  time  was 
expired.  *  Some  future  AVatteau  will 
doubtless  limn  this  pleasant  incident 
for  the  benefit  of  our  grandchildren  ; 
and  the  Royal  Academy  catalogiies  of 
the  next  century  will  abound  with  il- 
lustrations of  the  gaiety  of  heart  of  the 
young  mother  and  her  happy  husband. 
"Moore  and  Bessie"  — for  who  will 
then  speak  formally  of  Mrs,  Moore  f — 
will  be  seen  again  and  again  on  can- 
vass going  through  the  jocund  dance, 
while  they  awaited  dinner,  in  the  green 
lane.  At  all  events  the  incident  was 
not  forgotten  by  him  many  years  sub- 
sequenuy.  Its  memory  lives  in  the 
graceful  lines  which  adorn,  if  we  re- 
member rightly,  the  last  number  of  the 
"  Melodies :" 

While  er'ry  joy  timt  jflads  our  sphere 
Hath  still  itomo  shadow  hov'ring  near. 
In  tills  new  world  of  ours,  ray  dear. 

Such  shadow:*  will  all  bo  omitted,— 
Unless  tliey're  like  tliat  graceful  one 
Which,  when  thou'rt  dancing  in  the  snn, 
Still  near  thee  loaves  a  charm  upon 

Each  spot  where  it  liath  flitted. 

Of  the  issue  of  this  happy  union  the 
volumes  before  us  duly  record  the 
names.  Barbara  and  Anastnsia,  Olivia 
Byron,  Thomas,  and  John  Kussell. 
Of  these  not  one  is  left  to  share  and 
alleviate  the  sorrows  of  the  poet's 
noble  widow.  Up  to  the  date  at  which 
the  diary  closes,  in  the  fourth  volume 
(the  last  published),  two  onljr  had  been 
summoned  from  the  domestic  circle  to 
fill  early  graves.  Barbara  and  the 
infant  Olivia  Byron.  To  the  grave  of 
Barbara  the  poet  paid  many  a  pilgrim- 
age, and  he  touchlngly  states  that  "  the 


i^t'i'Htu  JT'    f  "JniT. 


':Li-.-rz    ■  .:— ■"   -■- ^:   :•    *-.-   "-i"-    ""irr^     2ii:T:it--r       z:^    f^naacc^i^^xj    oi  i€tl- 


.  A. 


-«.:-■  IT-   "--ji-ij  z  I.-  -^r--  T  I.' '2      Till.-  t'Ikt.    *  "orr   D'tjzlcgIIs.  "*  'iied. 


witli 

jiL-  :--•  "     ■..-•?■.--.--   -.1  T-  r. :r*  t.--  -^:  --?!:  -rioT;  I  saw  .irink- 

▼  ".1   .-.":•"•*:-■      -■     J""-    :  j:  ZJ  t  -"  "■  r-"-*-^    l    r^"W   '•rrr.rh*    WO. 

i:.^.  ..: :  .    i---.-     i.:    .- •  r    i..::  i^-:  ::.  ▼    ■:-    :   -i:^~    s    ri—iny   3p«i 

-.     --     .-..  -     V-..-       >■-•:—  Uj"  Ir    :i  *-!..'  ■-!-        ■  :>:7  "         '^  1.15~.-:-*     IT.!     &e&EtilT 

-.  f  V-   ■•  ■".  *_  ■  .1""  :-•—-- rt-.- rir  ■:>:  ... T-ri  "t-jt       ''Vt  '■»  5.:":cr^~z  iIoiK 

•*!.■-.    1  -  :    ▼  Li-   :  -"v-ri   -h-ir  r;r-    —  ji  L-i-iz-i  i:*?  !•  ▼**.  is  ie  s&ttI  lo  re- 

*  V-  ■--•  -1.-  I  ■---'  ■■-"i  i^Vr'-  i :•:'!■  T-.^.-  -J:-    :«:a^"::-r?  ::"  -  "ie  iiT?  ?f  mr 

"'  ■  -t.'-T— ■•■■        -"vi-*.-:  i..:.  IT '_:;•*  t'it^j^t.  ▼I'f^  I  "ia^i  *:   wilk  vitli 

■.-i.'...-*  -7  —"•-.-■    -i:  -1:  -  ?'7-:'*-:-i .  Zi,^ — '.f  '^  ■±1*  "izij  :f 'L*  riT^T-  Haodt 

=  ••■..:-. -.r-  •*•       zr  '    :■:'*"  --.:_:::-  iz.-:-?     ":i:  =■"' z:-:?^  zjrcT  than  those 

■"•*'— -"-J  "•'-■:    ■•  "•  '    ■  •    •  ^    ■-       1~  .  Z  :~-:7  ▼Z.-  ■.'.  -    '▼t  T."  '^t  ?4Jn-f    1-z^Z  i^l  Still. 

T.-i  r^  .1  :  i^rl-  :-▼:  V  u'-i '-:.:  :r -*;    i!  i  Ltr  v  1it^  a^nier^ there 

:'  r  -.--T  :--•  r*-"-  •'.:-:•-  ^.i^c   ■...  -ri-  i  L:-.;  ..zj'fr.  '■-ic-.z^  ::  ib-e  mnsc. 

-.-rz    "-.--.1  :.    T-i-f     T:.  Tcr^r-:ar  L*  :j:-r  s:*f- r    LL-Cith-rr  ':r::i2i:i  back 

-a-  --J    -. :      '    -7    £-f-:'*      Mr.-T  T:::rj  11-.  ■:  ::~:r:*s::r  ir.i"o4reIeK- 

-;ii-      -:*r    i:-^  'z-z    rx.L^-.  -^.-ji    i~*  z-:^^   :■:    -^    -_=•:"     "The   r.:rht4   at 


o!  itrTTr^^;:::.  - '^u'-irr  -v:..  :cz:-  wh^  y->  lirN  Vve-l:ir:r  tc?:  for  the 
a^i!:.  v.- ^h  re  .--7  /  "  -  '  ^^h;^£  ni^t  r^ri.--.  tr.j.:  r^iie  .Ucob  lore 
a-ZiT  :-,:-■?    i^  ^h.-  ir=   iv-ir   :;  :>:  '     F-*d-.    ■  '-f-.uu^   b.?    I^;   ea:    of    his 


norec-:^^r  a!a^.rL:T  thir.  suuhr  be  sup- 
Lv*e'i  Vv  :r.o>v  w'i-.o  would  prejudge 
hiiv.  Lv  his  vvTUThrul  work*.  Lord  John 
Ku>>e'.I  ::.::'.ua:e?  :h.i:  he  never  eniirelv 


•'    .   ■  .' '.:-  '.  :.':.i :  bi;:  ili-r  r.-iir-i-"  n::>-  s*-oe^ltv.  rrom  :Lv  ohuri-'h  01  his  baptism. 

:,--,--.:   ^  •'••^    e.iii-i''v  t.-.u.U.l  L:>  Tho   rretaco   ;o   the   Twopenny  Po*t 

■',....\      ;  :   -.v,.    =;jKi  "i    .1   rallooii  Baii,  uowevor,  e\pr*^*5lv  avow'.«  that 

*.  /.;  ;,r.:'     ':-    r»fa»iilv   uiilcH-k-.l    the  tbf  author,  lv  Hp  what  Le  may,  15  aoi 

•',.•'■':. ^.  -::;.i'lv  Uoau5*r  he  remem-  "ft  P-.pi*t,"  but  that  with  a  Protestant 

K   .  /jiriif.:'  y^ar*  before  witneised  a  wife  and  children  he  auendf  the  reason- 


1 


1853.]  TTiomai  Moore. 

able  worship  of  their  parieh  church. 
WhftWver  this  maj  be  taken  for,  hia 
opiniona  of  the  Ramon  Catholic  de- 
mBjiogues  and  (heir  claimB  were  tevr- 
iMaiy  expressed  on  alloccasioua.  "The 
Konian  Catholics,"  he  nrllea  to  his 
mother,  "deserve  very  little,  and 
if  tbe<r  merited  all  the;  ask.  I 


e  huv 


1  the  r 


■eof 


things  they  shouM  get  it."  In  1815, 
to  Laily  Donegal,  he  writes: — "I  do 
Dot  think  a  good  cnude  was  ever  miaed 
by  a  more  bigoted,  brawling,  and  dis- 
^[lutinKSelof  demagogues;  and  though 
It  be  the  religion  of  mj  fathers,  I  mtal 
say  that  much  of  this  vile,  Tulgar 
spirit  is  to  be  traced  to  that  wretched 
raith,  which  is  again  polluting  Europe 
with  Jesuitism  and  tnquisitions,  and 
which  of  all  the  humbugs  that  have 
staltiGed  mankind  ia  the  most  narrow- 
minded  and  mischievous."  This  ccr- 
t»nly  does  not  sound  like  the  note  of 
•  Romanist.  It  was  really  the  note, 
however.of  one  who  thoroughly  under- 
stood that  demagoEues  were  not  ne- 
cesaaHly  the  apostles  of  liber^.  nor 
nltrs-lioraaniats  of  toleration.  The  in- 
stances of  his  conformity  with  "  the 
faith  of  his  fathers  "  tie  curious  enough. 
Thus  in  France  be  attends  an  evening 
party  on  a  Sunday,  and  upon  what 
took  place  there  we  have  this  brief 
Tccortl  and  accompanying  comment. 
"  DaDcing  of  a  SudiMt  night ;  Catholics 
don't  mind  this."  The  fact  is  that  it 
was  not  in  such  an  atmosphere  as  Paris 
that  fae  could  preserve  pure  religious 
feelings.  When  he  gets  into  the  sa- 
InbriouB    paradise    of   Wlltuhi 


moat  elevating  spectacle  I"     So  did  he.  j 
speak  of  mere  forma ;  but  hear  what  he  j 
says,  when  after  a  round  of  gaiety  be   J 
is  once  more  "at  home,'*  dining  witli    1 
his  wife  and  little  ones,  "  a  great  trekt   I 
to  both,"  and  enjoying,  as  "  Bessie  said,.  T 
in  going  to  bed,  the  flrat  mticmal  day 
we  have  had  fur  a  long  time."     Thea 
wus   the    heart    of   the    Met   deeply 
touched.  "  Iexperienced,"hesays,"one 
of    IhoHc   bursts   of   devotion   which) 
perhaps,   are   worth   all   the   church - 
going  Ibrms  in  the  world.   Tears  came 
fast  from  me  as  I  knelt  down  to  adore 
the   one   only  God  whom  I  acknow- 
ledge, and  poured  forth  the  aspirationa 
of  a   soul   deeply  grateful  fur  all  hu 
goodness."      Surely  the    godlike  in- 
duenccs  of  home  were  better  to  him 
than  the  music,  statuary,  and  paintings 
of  the  Church  of  the  Annunziata !   But 
we  leave  this  portJon  of  our  subject 
with   a   slight  sketch    of    a   singulat 
scene   in   Lord  Arundell's   chapel   at 
Wardour.     "Bowles  there,"  writes  the    ' 
diarist,  "  having  come  over  from  Salis- 
bury ;  attended   musa  with  us,  whidi 
Durazzocouldnot understand.  Bowlei    i 
himself  said  to  roe,  as  we  knelt  together 


Here    ' 


lotberst 


"Tbesi 


I  evening  glorious;  the  thoughts 
that  came  over  me  while  1  looked  at 
it,  uf  bow  littlel  have  done  in  this  world, 
■nd  bow  much  my  soul  feel^  capable  of, 
wool'l  have  made  me  cry  like  a  child, 
if  1  had  given  way  to  ihcm  i  butsurely 
there  i*  sotne  better  sjihere  for  those 
whu  have  but  Ae^un  their  race  in  this  I" 
If  aature  thus  Influenced  him,  in  no 
dight  d^rce  was  he  also  moved  by 
Mtj  for  example — "to  the  Church  of 
theAnnuntiata;  heard  moss  sung,  which 
WM  very  fine.  Whether  it  be  my 
popiih  Uood,  or  my  poetical  feelings, 
iiatbing  gives  me  more  delight  than  tlie 
'panp  and  circumstance '  of  a  mass  in 
aa  pwid  a  church,  accompanied  bv 
Ifae  music,  and  surrounded  b^  such 
(tatuarT  and  such  paintings ;  it  is  a 
Siamt.  Mm.  Vub.  XI.. 


'  Only  think  of  my  being  on  my 
beside '  Captain  Rock '  at  masa !  Here  ' 
again  will  be  the  subject  of  a  picture 
for  aome  Millais  in  years  lo  come,  when 
antiquity  shall  have  lent  something 
like  beauty  to  our  present  untractable 

Certainly  thia  last  scene  presented  a 
strange  combination.  Moore,  how- 
ever, was  an  actor  in  manj-  which  were 
as  singular  for  iheir  incidents.  The 
future  "Doctor"  Lushington  dancing 
with  him  as  Caliban  at  a  masquerade 
may  raise  a  smile.  The  same  con- 
sequence may  follow  Mmire's  descrip- 
tion of  an  odd  dinner  at  Horace  Twiss'i 
in  Chancery  Lane,  "  in  a  borrowed 
room,  will)  champagne,  pewter  apooot, 
and  old  Lady  Cork."  Wo  quesLioii 
nevertheless  whether  even  old  Ladjr 
Cork  did  not  better  understand  thie  , 
bard's  position  than  the  Duchew  of 
Bedford,  whu,  travelling  tn  Germany, 
"  wished  they  had  some  one  with  them, 
like  Mr.  Moore,  to  be  agreeable  lohe* 
Oiey  gnl  to  their  inn  tn  the  emmfig."  But 
the  strangest  of  the  patronesses  uf  our 
poet  was  undoubtedly  Lady  Holland. 
Moore  prescribes  a  dose  of  ber  us  good 
for  the  complaints  of  poels  labouring 
under  a  plethora  of  vanity.  Sbe  would 


10 


That 


not  reail  LalU  ReoUi,  Tor  two  yerj 
auffieient  r««Mini;  first,  the  itorj  wu 
EMtemi  anil  letMinill;,  it  wsb  pub- 
liabeJ  inqu&rUiT  However  she  praised 
Moore'a  "  nrti dilution "  as  a  vocolisl, 
and  atlded  that  "  in  B|iilc  of  her  objec- 
tion lo  Gsilem  tbinsv,  she  must  >oine 
tiiM  or  other  read  Lalla  Rookh  berself!" 
Aa  little  eocouragiog  was  "n^  ladv" 
on  Moore's  io  tended  prosa  works. 
Fancy  the  courteous  hostess  turning 
to  the  author  at  ber  own  dinner-table, 
and  exclaiming,  "tliia  will  by  a,  dull 
book  of  jours,  this  *  Sheridan,'  I  fear  I" 
and  then  to  Lord  Porchcatcr,  who  was 
on  the  point  of  bringing  out  hie  poem 
of  "  The  Moor," — "  I  am  sorry  to  bear 
you  are  going  to  publish  a  poem. 
Can'l  gou  itpjiraa  itf  Poor  Lord 
Porchestcr!  perhapsitwouldhavcbeen 
as  well  if  be  had.  As  to  the  more 
gifted  poet,  it  was  not  Lady  Holland's 
sallies  that  could  depress  Aim.  "  You 
couldn't  make  Moore  miserable,"  said 
Lord  Holland, "  no,  not  even  by  inflict- 
ing a  dukedom  on  faim."  He  could  be 
happy  in  all  situations,  except  once  in- 
deed when  he  went  to  "those  Hollands," 
sat  down  nC  their  breakthst  table,  was 
talked  to.  but  not  invited  to  par- 
take, and  was  driven  at  last  to  buy  bis 
own  repast  at  the  nearest  house  of  en- 
tertainment he  could  find !  With  fraUt 
de  loci&i  of  this  character  the  diary 
of  the  Poet  abounds. 


government  appointm en tj  which  would 
have  compromised  bis  independence, 
when  he  had  not  six  pence  in  his 
pocket.  Hecaredperhaps  too  tittle  for 
money.  This  was  amply  proved  by 
hti  conduct  respecting  the  autobio- 
graphical papers  given  him  by  Byron. 
For  these  papers  (to  be  published  after 
Byron's  death)  Mr.  Murray  ^ave  him 
3,000  guineas.  On  the  demise  of  the 
noble  author  his  family  opposed,  on 
moral  grounds,  the  publication  of  the 

Eapera.  They  were  destroyed,  and 
loore  restored  the  purchase  money, 
Mr.  Murray  even  accepting  inUrest. 
It  was  suggested  to  Moore  that  he 
might  have  retained  the  money  on 
eonaidertttion  of  his  wife  and  children. 
No  I  exclaimed  the  noble-hearted  fel- 
low; "more  mean  things  have  been 
"*""  r  in  this  world  under  the  shelter  of 
e  and  children'  than  unditr  any 
IT  pretext  that  worldly -mi  nde<1iiess 


»."  To  this  remark,  Rogerr, 


answered :  "  WeS,  joar  life  may  he 
a  good  poem,  bot  it  is  a  d — d  bad 
matter  of  fact."  It  was  contempt  for 
mere  lucre  that  induced  him  lo  decline 
the  Lnnrcateship,  h1»o  the  secretary- 
ship to  Admiral  Douglas  on  ttie  Jamaica 

station,  which  made  him  it 

fiise  a  lucrative  ofier  to  ( 
with  the  Times,  and  which  a( 
his  lukewarmness  touching  the  half- 
proposed  editorship  of  the  Edinburgh 
Quarterly,  the  proprietors  of  which  do 
not  seem  to  have  been  unwilling  to 
have  agreed  to  his  suggested  temu  of 
l,000i.  per  annum. 

It  is  curious  that  his  worst  patrons 
in  the  early  part  of  his  career  were  in 
Ireland.  His  works  found  but  scanty 
sale  there  till  England  had  pronounced 
him  "famous."  As  for  his  method  of 
labour  whereby  he  achieved  bis  fame, 
he  did  not,  as  is  generally  imagined, 
compose  entirely  in  bed,  although  he 
found  that  the  clockwork  of  the  head 
and  the  activity  of  his  fancy  went 
best  in  that  reclmed  position.  He  in- 
dulged therein  accordingly,  but  with 
judgment.  Some  of  bis  Bermuda 
verses  were  written  in  his  cot,  at  sea, 
during  a  storm.  Perhaps  the  best  of 
his  melodies  were  struck  off  in  his  gar- 
den when  tbegenial  current  was  more 
iuBuenced  by  the  sunshine.  On  the 
other  hand,  much  of  the  warmest  por- 
tions of  Lalla  Rookh  were  executed 
during  a  hard  winter  in  a  cold  and 
smoky  cottage  in  Derbyshire.  More 
than  once  we  find  him  penciling  down 
n  aacred  song  during  a  heavy  sermon, 
in  church  lime ;  and  now  a  "  melody" 
is  completed  while  he  is  walking  from 
Bcllevue  to  St.  Cloud,  where  he  "  had 
a  couple  of  cutlets  on  the  way."  We 
may  odd  his  confession  that,  generally 
speaking,  he  "bad  that  kind  of  ima- 
gination which  is  chilled  by  the  real 
scene,  merely  taking  it  from  the  de- 
scriptions of  others.  This  is  especially 
tnld  him  of  Savory,  but  bis  own  honest 
comment  on  it  is  that  "  it  is  very  much 
the  case  with  myself."  Certainly  he 
composed  as  much,  and  that  as  finely 
walking  as  Ijinj; ;  and,  finally,  it  mar 
be  remarked  of  him  that  under  heaven  s 
own  aky  and  glorious  sunshine,  he 
deemed  it  a  sort  of  desecration  ti 
employed  on  merely  trifling  compasi' 
tions.     The  divine  influences   or  tin 


be 


hour  were,  m  bb  opiaioo,  wortbjr  or 
better  application. 

From  auuh  brief  notice  as  we  liavc 
bcea  CDsblei]  to  give  of  theEe  vulumea, 
a  Terj  l^rgucsa  in«j  be  maJe  of  their 
<]U)kIity.  lie;  ure  nfiurding  preaeuL 
Binusementtoiworldofreftdcra.  Their 
real  use  will  appeiLr  hereafter.  The/ 
trill  be  a  mine  oF  treasure  to  the  futuri 
biographer,  aiid  out  of  the  materials 
here  profueelj  Btrewii  !□  most  admired 
disorder,  a  moderately  skilful  hand 
m^bt  Fonstruct  without  difficulty  a 
"  life  "  tlutt  ehould  be  (jopulnr,  especially' 
with  the  uiiUioQS  who  maj  lack  op- 
portunity to  peruse  the  mass  of  doeu- 
ment«  edited  by  Lord  John  Kusiiell. 
A  graceful  writer  could  hardly  find  a 
hero  more  appropriate ; — as  child,  he 
was  lorine  and  precocious ;  as  youth, 
fulfilling  the  promise  of  his  childhood, 
Qoria  his  maturity  belying  the  expec- 
tations fonued  of  his  youth.  He  was 
■  brilliant  schc^r,  a  poet  unrivalleiT 
for  sweetness,  aud  in  patriotic  lays 
not  exceeded  in  vigour.  Better  than 
these,  he  was  esscutially  a  true-buarted, 
hoDourublc,    ami    honest   man.      Nut 


t  faults,  but  with  i 
whose  lustre  they  were  hidden  and 
Ibrgatten.  If  hu  bad  to  acknowledge 
"  time  mis-spent,"  be  has  also  left 
works  to  prove  how  much  of  it  waa 
well  employed.  If,  in  earlv  Jays,  bis 
adoration  was  now  and  then  "  cast 
like  Israel's  incenae  on  unworthy 
shrines,"  be  never  failed  in  true  homo^ 
when  heaven  had  provided  for  him 
love's  saving  ark  of  bis  own  dear  home. 
We  have  yet  to  come  to  the  record  of 
the  storms  that  blew  around  that  ark, 
and  of  the  anguish  which  vidited  those 
who  had  hoped  to  build  up  in  that 
home  an  altar  of  happiness  from  which 
their  surviving  children  should  take 
the  sacred  fire.  If  thstaltarwos  thrown 
down  and  that  fire  cxtiosuiBbed,  and 
if  hope  fled  from  the  poet  s  hearth  and 
lay  buried  in  the  graves  of  his  chil- 
drcD,  be  could  still  say  tc  the  dear,  i 
mother  of  those  lost  ones,  "  Lean  on 
God,  Bctiie,  lean  on  God;"  and  he 
could  turn  in  majestic  sorrow  to  assure 
the  world  that  (saving  her)  there  was 
niithiug  true,  nothing  catm,  nothing 
bright,  but  heaven. 


WANDERINGS  Of  AN  ANTIOUARV. 


X.— FftOU  YOHK  T 

YORK  is  in  man^  respects  one  of 
the  BMMt  interesting  cities  in  England, 
tad  it  has  held  a  very  prominent  posi- 
tion in  history  from  the  time  when 
uoder  the  name  of  Eburacum  it  waa 
ibe  residence  of  Roman  emperors  to 


GoD! 


the  preaent  day.  Situated  in  the  mid- 
f  a  wide  fertile  pltiin.  Iti  position 
e  which  naturally  offers  itself  for 


in portant  military  towi 
lodapreeenring  this  importance  in  after 
limeo,  it  was  at  one  period  the  great 
•eat  of  learning  in  Saxon  Encland.  Of 
it*  earlier  importance  we  need  only  say 
thai  it  was  the  residence  of  three  Bci- 
Duui  emperors,  Hadrian,  Sever  as,  and 
Conatantiua  Chlorus;  that  the  greatest 
of  the  Roman  Uwyers,  Pnpinian  and 
Ulplaa,  gave  their  judgments  within 
ill  wall* ;  and  that  it  was  the  school  of 
the  celebrated  Saxon  scholars,  Egbert 
Bftd  Alcuin.  With  such  reminiscences 
«•   Hiight   naturally    exjiect    (o   find 


many  monuments  of  ancient  greatneasi 
bat  unfortunately  the  great  destroyer. 
Time,  has  here  been  a  busy  worker.and 
we  are  left  rather  to  muse  over  what 
has  been  than  to  rejoice  over  what 
remains.  Even  the  noble  cathedral, 
which  naturally  arrests  first  the  atten- 
tion of  the  visitor,  has  sullered  so  much 
from  modem  incendiarism  that  it  is 
no  longer  what  it  woe.  The  great  at- 
traction of  York,  however,  for  nil  wh((  ' 
possess  any  taste  for  the  antiquities  of  I 
their  country,  is  the  museum  of  the 
Yorkshire  niilosopbical  Society. 

By  a  dogutorly  happy  reunion  of 
circumstances,  the  grounds  of  the  Philo- 
sophical Society,  which  are  beautifkdlj 
situated  on  ground  sloping  toward  tbe 
river  and  laid  out  picturesquely,  con- 
tain within  their  circuit  several  of  tba 
most  remarkable  of  the  earlier  monu- 
ments of  the  city.  Near  the  cntranoa 
stand  the  remains   of  the  HoHpilol  of 


li 

Sl  Leonird,  k  relijtiom  bonM  saiil  to 

Wtc  been  fouodcd  br  ifae  Angto-S^xon 

~^g  Athelnlui,  in  the  jcat  936.    The 

''"a  ronslat  cbieflj  of  what  «rc  sup- 

nI   to  bftre  bc«n  the  stubnlsUirv 

d  chapel  of  the  infirmirj,  the  archi- 

^  Dture  of  which  ia  of  the  style  gene- 

idl;  <lenoiuiaated  Eart^-EDgli^b,  that 

^  of  tfau  earlier  part  ol  llie  thirteenth 

tnturj.     CtoH  Wbind  cheM  n.-maina 

we  come  upoD  the  Koninn  tovD  wall, 

aod   that   remarkable  portion  of  the 

fbrtificktlonB    of    sDclent    Eburacum 

which,  from  the  circametanoe  of 

k  MKiaiiling  of  ten  aides  of  a  nearly 


fVanJfriitgi  of  OH  Antitfuaij. 


[.laU. 


pilar  thirteen -sided  figure  forming  nil 
se  aoEleti,  has  r«ei»ed  tl 
le  of  the  Multangular  Tower, 


the 


■Btemalljatthebaaeupwardanflbirtj- 
"*""  *"  "  'n  diameter,  »nd  the  wall 
DeniK  thickness.  This  im- 
I  of  maaonrjp  >t  built  in 
e  uiusl  Koman  manner,  with  string- 
nrwsoflUt  bricka.  After  leaving  the 
laltoagular  Tower,  we  come  immedi- 
bely  upon  the  aitc  of  the  once  noble 
ibbejr  of  St.  Marr,  about  one  half  of 
■"""I  enclosure  1/  which,  including  a 
Be  part  of  the  site  of  the  church,  is 
luded  wilbin  the  Society's  ground*. 
B  ground  belonging  to  the  Society 
m  been  carefully  oaiilored  and  ezca- 
valed,audaUrg»  portion  of  the  founda- 
tloni  (if  the  ancient  church  and  other 
BKmaallo  building*,  with  much  interest- 
ing Bitd  KiiM  beautiful  sculpture,  have 

■  *" ir»d,  iDd  add  to  the  attrac- 

t   place.     The    handsome 

I   bulhifng  which   I'oiilaini  the 

'-  -  1  sUnila  on  the  site 

, .     hI  to  have  boon  the 

m  •oriiitorigm  of  tho  abticy. 

'  ■  '    "I  the  modern 

,  Jid  still  within 

f  the  IliiloMiiihical  So' 

I'Wnl  IffiiidInK  whirh  is 

JIHiwI   l«  him  iHwn  tb*  hnsplllum 

■M-y,  in  Itm  bulMing  set  ajmrt 

Hi  Mtarlaloni'inl  i>f  •traiifl crs.    It 

I  luwNr  rwiin,  whlcii  wni 

'>wib>ry,  aful  an  «iip«.r 

'  to  liaM  (»rn 

•  two  ronms 
1,  liylliDnartiuftlHi 


hood,  and  a  very  nice  deBcriptivc  ac- 
count of  theoi,  drawn  np  by  the  fcnnCT 
genlletnan,  will  assist  the  Tmlor  in 
their  examination.  It  is  b^  moch  the 
best  local  museum  io  thw  cwinlry. 
The  room  below  contMna  the  lai^ 
Homan  monuments,  such  ai  voUfe 
altars,  sepulchral  monaroenl»,andri  one 
coffins,  many  of  them  with  very  inte- 
resting inscriptions,  pieces  of  »culplo« 
and  architectural  ornaments,  *c  with 
a  considerable  number  of  medial 
remains,  many  of  them  dug  up  in  the 
Society's  grounds.     The  smaller  anri- 

r'tiea  are  arranged  in  case*  and 
wers  in  the  upper  room  of  this 
building.  They  consist  of  Roman  pot- 
tery in  vast  variety,  ^lau,  inscribed 
bricks  and  tiles,  domestic  ntetiuls,  per- 
sonal oroameots,  and  a  lolera.bIy  nume- 
rous collection  of  early  Anglo-Saxm 
remains,  obtained  from  barrows  in 
Yorkshire.  There  are  also  some  of 
what  arc  generally  considered  as  Briodi 
remains,  also  frcon  Yorh^re  barrow*, 
with  a  collection  of  ^yptian  antiqui- 
tiea,  and  a  very  interesting  assortment 
of  medieval  articles,  A  few  of  Uie 
larger  Roman  antiiiuities,  especially 
the  celebrated  sculpture  repruenting 
the  sacrifice  and  mysteries  of  Mithrai 
(due  up  in  York  in  1 747  }.  will  be  found 
in  Uie  hall  of  the  modem  building; 
and  a  few  Roman  stone  coflins  have 
been  deposited  within  the  Multangular 
Tower.  The  numismatic  department 
of  this  museum  is  especially  rich  in 
Anglo-Saxon  coin*.  I  will  not  ven- 
ture to  give  any  more  particular  ac- 
count of  the  varied  eontenti  of  this 
To  dejcribe  the  Roman  an- 
tiquities would  be  [o  write  the  history 
of  the  celebrated  city  to  which  they 
belonged,  and  this  task  has  been  ad- 
mirably performed  by  Mr.  Wellbeloved 
himself,  in  his  "  Ebutacum  r  or  York 
under  the  Romans  i  **  to  which,  and  l« 
the  deaciiptivc  account  of  the  muaeBiB 
just  alluded  to,  I  would  refer  ercty 
one  who  takes  an  intercut  in  the  early 
history  of  our  island. 

Iteaides  many  other  objecti  of  aali- 
nnarian  interest  in  the  countiy  atxMd 
York,  it  is  surrounded  at  no  gnu 
dinUnoe  by  rather  numooos  uMa  et 
Itonian  towns.  At  a  dbtanee  of  mme 
inllaa  to  the  south-east,  the  inuet  bwa 
nf  Tadcaaicr  occupies  the  ntc  of  tfca 
lUimon  Calcaria,  of  which  im  van 
aim  can  now  be  tracerf: 


IS.53.] 


Prom  York  to  Godmanham. 


13 


but  about  sixteen  miles  to  the  north- 
west, at  Aldborough,  we  still  find  im- 
poding  reiDniiiB  ol'  the  great  Roitinn 
city  of  rsuHuiD.  Very  interesting  re- 
mains of  aoolher  Roman  town  are 
fouDiI  at  Old  Mallon,  some  seveoteen 
or  etghleen  uiileB  10  tbe  nurLb-east  of 
York,  which  1  am  ioclined  to  think 
mar  represent  the  Derventio  or  the 
Delgovitia  of  the  RornsuB.  All  these 
places  are  now  approached  directly  or 
mdircctlj  by  railway.  Another  line, 
which  runs  eastward  from  York,  will 
t4ike  us  to  a  s^t  which  poaseascs  a 
peculiar  interest  in  connection  with  the 
coDversion  of  our  Saxon  forefathers  to 
the  faith  uf  the  Gospel. 

As  we  leave  Yore  bj  this  line,  we 
naai  at  first  through  a  fiat  and  not  verr 
interesting  district,  but  fertile,  and 
lolerabfj  well  wooded.  The  view  is, 
u  mi^ht  be  iupposed,  restricted  on 
both  sides.  Further  on,  between  Stam- 
ford  Bridge  and  Fangfoea  stations, 
the  land  loaes  its  rich  cbaracter  and  its 
trees,  and  takes  for  a  short  distance 
the  character  of  a  low  barren  moor, 
producing  little  but  liirze-bushes  and 

We  cannot  ^ate  the  village  of  Stam- 
ford Bridge  without  a  glance  at  its 
inl«rest!ng  remiDiscencea.  It  was  here 
that  Harold,  the  htst  of  the  Saxon 
monarchs.  gained,  on  the  23rd  of  Sep- 
lemlier,  1066,  the  sanguinary  victory 
which  relieved  him  at  once,  by  their 
•laughter,  of  his  turbulent  brother. 
Tost),  and  a  fierce  invader  Uarald 
Har&ger  king  of  Norway,  but  which, 
by  diilrkctiltg  bis  attention  andweaken- 
ing  bis  forces  at  this  momenious  epoch, 
no  doubt  contributed  to  hisown  defeat 
■od  death  in  the  battle  of  Hastings,  on 
the  14th  of  October  following.  At 
tbal  time  the  river  Derwent  was  here 
crossed  by  a  bridge,  which  was  nut 
improbably  a  Uaman  one;  and,  as  the 
river  separated  the  two  armies,  Harold, 
who  was  aware  of  the  dangers  that 
threatened  in  the  south,  and  that  he 
had  no  time  to  lose,  was  obliged  to 
force  this  bridge  before  he  coula  bring 
hii  enemies  to  a  regular  engagement. 
A  powerful  Norwegian  warrior  is  re- 
ported to  have  defended  the  bridge 
tingle- haudvd,  until  he  had  killed 
forty  of  hia  assailants,  and  not  to  have 
nven  way  until  he  was  slain  himself. 
The  traditimi  of  the  place,  where  a 
filt  'attiil  held  on   the  23rd  of  Sep- 


tcmberin  commemoration  of  the  battle, 
is  that  the  Norwegiait  wad  slain  by  a 
SnKon  boatman,  who  rowed  himself 
under  the  bridge,  and  thrust  his  spear 
up  through  the  woodwork,  and  in  me- 
morji  of  the  exploit  they  still  at  the 
/efejust  mentioned  make  and  sett  cakes 
in  the  form  of  a  boat. 

As  we  pursue  our  course  along  the 
railway  line,  we  now  come  in  sight  of 
a  ranaie  of  hills  running  in  a  south- 
easterly direction,  which  we  approach 
continually  nearer  as  we  proceed.  This 
is  the  edge  of  the  eastern  wolds,  which 
extend  for  some  miles  in  a  northerly 
direction.  The  country  again  becomes 
fertile  and  welt-vrooded,  and  as  we  ad- 
vance it  is  more  and  more  picturesque. 
From  Shipton  station,  where  the  rail- 
way approaches  near  to  the  foot  of  the 
hills,  a  fine  old  avenue  of  trees  leads 
through  the  park  of  Londesbomngh 
up  to  the  site  where  once  stood  the 
house.  The  village  of  Shipton,  which 
is  said  to  have  been  the  birthplace  of 
the  celebrated  witch  Mother  Shipton, 
is  twenty-one  miles  from  York  by  the 

The  position  of  Londesborough  is 
singularly  beautiful.  Tbe  bouse  stood 
upon  an  elevated  platform,  protected 
on  the  north  and  east  b^  the  bills 
which  rise  immediately  behind  it.  The 
park  lies  chiefly  below  it,  on  the  slope 
of  the  hill,  and  presents  a  great  variety 
of  fine  prospects,  the  beauty  of  which 
is  increased  by  the  fine  old  trees  which 
are  thickly  scattered  throuBh  it.  The 
view  from  the  site  of  the  house  com- 


miles,  the  Humber  is  distinctly  visible, 
and  the  prospect  is  bounded  by  the 
distant  hills  of  Lincolnshire.  To  the 
westward  it  exten<]s  over  tbe  vale  of 
York.  Eastwardly  it  is  bounded  by 
the  hill  which  rises  up  immediately 
from  the  park  ^  but  to  the  south-east 
we  look  down  upon  the  town  of  Market 
Weigbton,  at  a  distance  of  about  two 
miles,  and  our  view  stretches  far  over 
the  low  country  beyond,  till  at  times 
we  may  even  trace  the  smoke  of  IIoll. 
Londesborough  appears  to  have  been 
the  site  of  a  Koinan  settlement  of  some 
kind  or  other — perhaps  a 
Roman  road,  which  proceeds  from 
Brough  on  the  llumbcr  (the  site  of  the 
Ronian  landing-place  from  Lincoln- 
shire, called  in   the  old  Itinerary  Ad 


««r«..J«i^fiW3r- 


k*-    biHMi     fris  «faaM  k  WM  pnichased  br  the 


pnichased  bj  tbe 
,irietor,  wbo  uko 
of  L«vd   Lonile*- 


iS^E'CT*^ 

*V*Mk>     n»«NMt«w  W«  mmm  dMoend  into  the  picla- 

^  W  m  0tmA  tailK  imum  i  Jlj  bdow  ike  bouae,  and  then 

k  w4  N  «M  M^U  MIMi  Ike  •WOBte  hill,  up  the  srtttfT 

*'^im9)>A^<Omf  p««r«kicrUe  uu^  extendf.     On 

ft  «mA!»  ta  A*  fcn*M  fmttiaf  Ac  top  of  tfao  bill  we  have 
TalleT   or   comb, 

.  -        -- hiUffor  >11    Ibese 

VmmWW  ft  tM|««U  teMw,^.  I*»  M«  cUk)  rkiac  behind  it.     la 

MMMb  ^f  ^  **^  *^ '^WM*  1.  <<r  *itkt^m,M  »  «hwt  <a»t«Dee  before 

trfrt>«»J>V«  i»M  rf  ttiwfcwfcV  Wk  •i.lh*<*«Nha»d*iUueorGod<iiu- 

kMiriia  Mtw  ^,M|*MV  *•  pMHM  hw   I  If  Mil    •  pre^SkBDt  poMtion. 

VWk7«ll  l>««M^)(Ohr  MM  NMB  TW^mA  i»  w^b«««r  veor^. 

W  mImV   «VM    tl  WWMtr  MMM«.  «q«  »fc*ik»t  the  Tillage  joMmeci- 

«I«m4   kl   ««•  W  rMM  4«««  dhm  »— ^.rtJA  bwmjm  theilopeofthe 

ttoo  ,««*«».  ••ltal««.ijlWit  Uk  hm*f  m  ^   abore    iUrkel 

fMMtetaftlWltllMtMnMMMlMif*  TwfKi^      IW  dMRh  of  Godman- 

m  IMA  lb*  WtMM^  Mlte^  Mrf  tan  ttainfe  M  a  U^  tBmp  of  growd 


h  the  iiii,yb>arth<>vilU«e,in  a  nthcr 
Matwkuhlu  iKMiiiom  ukI  <i  wd  to 
WMb  tlio  Myiie  of  on«  of  tbe  inoM 
hMUtlllil  ctHHidM  of  onr  tmtij  Saxon 


111  tiK-  I 


kiw  AthMnh,  and  was  ogmpeUed  M 
awE  an  aayhun  viih  one  of  iKa  BiilMk 
urinow.  An  aUempt  to  defend  hnn 
tba  pamit  of  Athelfarth  U 


I. 'it  iii>  throne  of  V 
itiiimbriaa  Saxon*  in  6IS< 
I  il.i-  North  wcreatill  igno- 
rj,r>«tJM>  fiiith.    nwlife 

:> ,:  nndtranfelrcheoqiured 

I  be  waj  drivBM  bom  bii 


which  Ki  nun*  of  the  Britiifa  cI«t)r  of 
Bane<)rw«n>UBltolh«aword.  Edwin 
Oedfiratto  Mej«-ja,and  tbeuntoEut 
An^liM,  tod  while  there  oodor  the  pro- 
leclKn  of  the  Anglian  king  Rcdwald 
be  wat  mid  l«  ka*e  bad  a  TiMon,  in 
which   Ilia    future   good   fortune    wa* 


185S.] 


Prom  York  to  Godmanham. 


15 


foretold  to  him,  and  he  wiu  enjoined 
to  accept  the  KreUtion  which  shuuld 
then  be  made  to  him  of  a  purer  faith 
than  that  of  hU  forelathen.  Soon 
after  tbls  a  battle  took  place  betweeu 
Radwald  and  Athelferth.  in  which  the 
latter  woa  alain,  upon  'which  Edwin 
not  only  recovered  hia  own  kingdom 
of  Deira,  but  sncceeded  also  to  the 
whole  of  Northnmbria.  Edwin  now 
became  the  most  powerful  kitig  in 
Britain,  and  he  obtained  as  his  sei^ond 
wife  Athelburh,  daughter  of  Alhelbert 
king  of  Kent.  Athclbcrt,  ta  we  all 
know,  had  been  conTerted  by  the 
preachingof  AuguHtine  j  hia  family  had 
now  cordiall;  received  the  Chri«lian 
faith,  and  it  was  made  a  condition  of 
the  marriage  not  onlj'  that  the  princcas 
sbonid  not  be  molested  in  her  religion, 
but  that  she  should  have  a  Christian 
bishop  with  her.  who  was  priTBtel;  to 
administer  iti  offices.  Thure  can  be 
little  doubt  that  FauUniu,  one  of  the 
monka  *ent  over  by  the  pope  to  assist 
Augustine  in  his  missionary  labours, 
was  elected  for  this  office,  with  a  view 
to  the  ultimate  converuon  of  the 
norlhem  Anglea. 

It  was,  according  to  Bede,  in  the 
summer  ofthe  jear  625,  that  the  young 
Kentish  princess,  with  her  spiritual  in- 
structor, directed  their  steps  towanls 
the  kingdom  of  the  Northumbrians. 
The  labotirt  of  the  missionary  were  nt 
hrat  unracceasful,  for  king  Edwin  whs 
nnwilliog  to  desert  the  worship  of  his 
ancestor!,  and  his  peopia  held  aloof 
from  new  doctrines  which  had  not  yet 
receirctl  the  approval  of  their  chief. 
But  in  the  year  aAer  the  marriage 
new  eventa  occurred  in  the  North- 
nmbrinii  history,  which  exercised  an 
important  influence  over  the  course  of 
I'^lwin's  future  life.  The  king  of  the 
West  Saxons,  resolved  to  rid  himself 
of  the  rapTemacy  exercised  over  his 
kingdom  by  the  powerful  ruler  of  the 
Northmubrians,  was  preparing  to  re- 
Tott  ognioBt  it,  but  he  dcternuned  first 
to  have 


with  a  pretended  emboasy,  but  in  rea- 
lity t«  slay  the  prince  to  whom  ha 
okcsMge  was  addressed.  The  treacher* 
oujt  asBMsin,  whoae  name  was  Earner, 
reached  the  court  of  Edwin,  who  was 
then  rending  Jn  one  of  his  palaees,  or, 
ai  Betle  exnressea  it,  where  was  then 
Ma  royal  rilla  (vbi  tunc  eral  pilla  rega- 


^idj,  near  the  riverDerwent,  on  Easter' 
Sunday,  in  the  year  6'26.  The  assassin 
was  slain  without  having  effected  his 
purpose,  but  the  king  received  a  wound, 
and  two  of  hie  nobles  were  killed  in 
defending  him.  That  night  the  queen 
was  safely  delivered  of  a  daughter,  in 
acknowledgment  of  which  Edwin  gave 
thanks  to  his  gods ;  but  FaullnuG  re- 
turned thanks  to  Christ,  and  assured 
the  king  that  it  was  through  his  inter- 
cesaion  that  Alhelburh  owed  her  eaay 
delivery.  The  bishop  so  far  prevailed, 
that  Edwin  consented,  no  doubt  at  the 
persuasion  of  bis  <fueen,  that  the  in- 
fant should  be  baptized,  and  this  cere- 
mony was  performed  on  Whitsunday 
following,  eleven  other  persons  of  tho 
royal  household  receiving  at  the  same 
time  the  baptismal  rile.  The  king 
further  promised  that  he  would  himself 
turn  to  the  worship  of  the  Itedeemer 
if  Paulinus  would  procure  for  him  vic- 
torv  over  bis  enemy  the  West-Saxon 
King.  When  at  length  Edwin  re- 
turned victorious  from  the  war,  he  at 
once  BO  far  fulfilled  this  promise  that 
he  abstained  from  offering  worship  to 
the  idols  himself,  but  he  still,  perhpps 
for  political  renaons,  hesitated  in  pro- 
claiming himself  a  Ciiristian.  Faulinus, 
we  are  told,  when  he  perceived  the 
King's  continued  reluctance,  presented 
hiruself  before  him  in  private,  and  an- 
nounced to  hiin  that  hewus  a  messenger 
directed  by  Heaven  to  commaud  him 
to  be  a  believer,  reminding  htm,  an  a 
proof  of  his  divine  mission,  of  a  vision 
which  the  kins  had  had  in  his  youth, 
and  which  he  nad  revealed  to  no  man. 
Edwin   was   convinced,   but   he   pro- 

Sised',  before  openly  accepting  the 
hristian  faith,  to  hold  a  meeting  of 
his  witan,  that  they  might  debute  the 
matter  in  council,  and  all  agree  to  be 
baptized  toaether. 

It  was  a  little  before  the  Easter  of 
the  year  627,  when  Edwin  assembled 
his  chiefs  In  the  villa  beyond  the  Der- 
went,  and  asked  them  severally  what 
they  thought  of  the  new  doctrine  and 
worship  preached  by  the  Christian 
bishop.  Among  those  called  (o  deli- 
berate on  this  occasion  was  the  chief  nf 
the  King's  priests,  whose  name  wus 
Cffifi,  or,  OS  it  is  written  by  Bede  in 
the  Northumbrian  dialect,  Coih,  and 
who  was  the  first  to  deliver  his  opinion. 
"  Consider,  O  King,"  said  the  heathen 
prient,   "  whol   is   this  which  is   now 


fclWaBfcar 

HHN  t«  br  ■  W«f  Mviod  MMnM  *• 
Mi  tart  ef  »hM  Mr  M1p«,  or  of 
•riMt  MMdaiL  w«  an  UUBy  laa*- 
fmL  WlMMfen,  W  drff  MO  Aw- 
UIm  IniM  w  MrtUac  neM  nr- 
Mn.  Ii  «->m*  JM  aJ  it.  Ao«U 
MI'-w  K,"  Hm  oiAar  aoartiMi  wra 
)!■■  tf  in  ^  « |0M  to  tin  wwn  itmtj  wbfw 
(i)'.!.  (:■•»  nti|MMad  tlMI  rmSntM 
if>iKl>>  >"■  invtM  M  dMtlan  to  ikm 
iliK  'lu-irln««  ha  rwMniBMiMM]  nd, 

'«'>. t  If^hlt  prMcMM,  Im  MwmI 

l-;'t,  ■••••I  Mill,  "I  !■■*■  tieen  Ions 
.,,.., 1. 1.    .,1    il.ii  ■(iirilinn*  of  wliat  »• 

■M..„l,i  ,.)i«r  iruth  ill  ll»l  »i>r>blt>,  thn 


Ac  bw  God,  fnX^^l'iC- 
TBdilw  ahmwUcfc  fe  hadM»- 


12lk  of  Apil,    Edwin  « 
-r br  PuliMM  in  ilw  dtv  of 

b  ii  erktcnt  from  Bede'*  acccNua  U 
th«n  praeeedhign,  that  ibe^  nil  UtJc 
plaea  vitiim  ■  mull  eompun;  it  ww 
probnblji  bat  n  short  didauee  fitwi  tka 
Kintf'f  lilU  to  Ifaeslte  of  Cafi'*  tenuJb 
Tntdillon  in  Bede's  lime,  who  wubonl 
not  more  than  Tortjr-Bve  j«an  nftcr 
Uia  evfnt,  could  not  be  wrong  in 
idrnliffinK  tbv  tite  of  tbe  tein[ile  «llb 
fiiHjniuniHni;«liiii>,  and  tbere  can  bt 
do  ilcnibt  that  tbe  niaoe  thus  nanad 
WM    the    mndern    (lodmaobam.    IV 


1853.] 


From  York  to  Godmanham. 


church  of  Godmuiham  is  suppoaed  to 
occupj  the  tile  of  the  temple — and  we 

cm  eiuilj  iuiBKiDe  the  erectioa  of  a. 
Cbristraa  church  on  inch  a  spoL  The 
present  building  ib  an  early  NiirinaD 
structure  of  Bome  architect unl  interest. 
The  areb  between  the  chancel  and  the 
choir  a  fattened  at  the  top,  as  though 
it  had  given  waj  aAer  it  waa  built,  and 
the  pilastera  which  support  it  lean 
Blightlj  DutwardB.  Several  inslancea 
of  Buch  arches  of  the  Norman  i)eriod 
have  been  obserred  in  diSerent  parts 
of  the  country,  aod,  as  I  believe  all 
the  stonca  of  the  arch  aeem  never  to 
have  formed  part  of  a  semicircle,  it 
remains  jet  to  be  ascertained  whether 
the  form  thej  now  have  was  the  result 
of  design  or  accident.  The  capitals 
which  support  the  arch  arc  of  a  design 
which  is  not  usual — one  of  them  H 
given   in   the  accompanying  cut.     In 


one  comer  of  the  church  is  a  very 
rudely  (brmed  early  Norman  fnnt, 
which  the  sanguine  antiquarv,  Dr. 
Stukeley,  believed  to  be  the  identicnl 
font  in  which  king  Edwin  waa  baptised, 
forfeiting  that  that  ceremony  was  ner- 
(brinednutat  Godmanham  but  in  York. 
The  church  stands,  as  I  have  said  be- 
fore, OR  an  elevated  knoll,  and  there  is 
■D  apparent  slicht  vallum  round  the 
churchyard  which  is  probably  the 
remains  of  an  old  hedge-row.  At 
kbout  a  hundred  yards  direct  south 
of  the  church,  in  a  field  on  the  other 
side  of  the  vicarage,  are  some  exten- 
Gbht.  Mao.  Vol.  XI.. 


sire  and  very  strange- look ine  earth- 
works. They  occupy  the  brow  of 
the  hill,  overlooking  a  rather  deep 
valley  or  comb,  at  the  bottoni  of 
which  flows  a  copious  stream  of  water, 
which  rises  a  little  above,  and  flows 
down  to  the  town  of  iklarket  Weightoii. 
The  earthworks  just  alluded  to  have 
been  supposed  to  be  the  remains  of 
Csefi's  temple.  They  give  one  at  the 
fir^t  glance  the  notion  of  a  large  square 
inclosure,  with  a  forliQed  enttance 
running  down  the  bank  towards  the 
stream  ;  but  the  interior  uf  the  in- 
closure is  filled  with  mounds,  and,  on 
examining  it  more  minutely,  the  whol^ 
presents  such  an  appearance  of  ciin- 
lusion  that  we  are  led  to  acknowledge 
that  it  may  after  all  be  nothing  but 
the  remains  of  a  modern  chalk  pit. 
Such  is,  at  all  events,  the  opinion  of 
ftlr.  Roach  Smith,  who  commenced 
some  excavations  on  the  fur  side  of  it, 
and  dincovcrctt  some  ruins  which  he 
judgeil  to  l>e  medieval. 

Ilefore  we  procceil  any  further  let 
me  correct  the  uitraordinary  slHle- 
menls  which  have  been  moilc  on  the 
<lerivationof  the  namobir  lopographerE 
and  local  historians.  On  do  subject 
perhaps  has  such  a  moss  of  ignorant 
nonsense  been  given  to  the  worlil  as 
on  the  derivations  of  names  of  places  in 
this  country,  lieile  has  been  quoted 
as  stating  that  the  name  Godmuiid- 
ingnhnm  means  a  place  of  iiliiU;  but 
the  venerable  father  of  Saxon  iiisti)ry 
knew  his  mothiT  tongue  far  too  well 
to  have  made  any  such  statement. 
Like  all  other  names  of  this  form — and 
ihey  are  the  most  nunicmus  class  we 
have — this  name  is  a  sin>ple  designa- 
tion of  the  firit  Saxon,  or  rather  Angle, 
possessors  of  the  locality ;  and  its  only 
possible  menninj;  is  the  ham  or  home 
(■residence)  of  the  Gmlinundingn,  or 
aesMndanls  of  Godmund.  Who  God- 
mund  was — whether  he  was  one  of  the 
chiefs  who  came  in  the  expeditions  lo 
Britain,  or  whether  he  was  some  older 
hero  in  the  country  frorn  which  the 
Angle  settlers  came,  or  whether  again 
he  may  have  been  the  head  of  a  race  of 
priests — ia  a  question  which  it  would 
be  in  Tain  to  attempt  to  solve. 

When  Mr.  Roach  Smith  made  some 
partial  excavations  near  the  earth- 
works at  Godmanham,  he  found  at  the 
distance  of  two  or  three  Gelds  behind 
them  sereral  barrows,  and  near  them 
D 


A  Koman  roail,  irhicb  he  Iraced  tu  ihi: 
slirubberj  cloae  to  the  houee  at  Londea- 
borough.  It  19  atill  nell  developed  in 
the  pine-wood  through  which  we  poia 
in  walking  from  Londesborough  to 
GodmaDhuni.  Wh«Qweconaii|ertherc- 
fore  that  Londeaborough  ind  Gudmun- 
hom  atood  b^  the  same  Roman  rood, 
leu  than  a  mile  apart,  and  that  indlca- 
tiuDS  of  a  Roman  tIIIu  are  found  at  the 
former  ;^ace,  are  we  not  justified  iu  con- 
aideringit  poaaiblethatLondeEborough 
itself  maf  have  been  the  site  of  Edwio'e 
villa,  where  that  interesting  conference 
took  place  which  ia  described  above? 
We  uan  then  underelnnd  perfectly 
liow,  when  the  coiiference  was  ternii- 
nal«d  80  remarkably,  Cte&  called  lor 
horie  and  arms  and  rode  over  tbe  in- 


tervening hill  lo  bis  idol  tt  ^ 
other  bi&.  It  is  a  supposition  which 
cannot  fail  to  give  an  additional  interest 
to  both  localities  in  the  mind  of  the 

itor.  The  high  gr 
sweep  behind  both,  a 
lar}(e  sepulchral  tumuii. 

A  terj  pleasant  walk  of  somewhat 
less  thaji  a  roile  will  take  the  visitor 
down  Ibe  hill  to  Market  Wcigbton,  a 
town  which  probably  derives  its  name 
from  having  stood  on  the  old  Rorniui 
road — Weg-tun,  ihe  town  on  the  way; 
and  he  may  thence  proceed  to  York, 
unlesii  he  prefer  returning  through^ 
Liondesborough  Piu'k  to  the  station  ol 
Shipton,  which  in  two  miles  nearer 
York  by  the  railway  line  than  the 
Market  W«i^lon  station. 


THE  LADY  NOVELISTS  OP  GREAT  BRITAIN. 


KNDLESS  have  been  the  thforiea 
which  writers  in  diSerent  periods  have 
broached  respecting  the  proper  work 
of  women  :  it  is,  we  believe,  generally 
considered  now  lo  be  a  very  tiresome 
subject.  Wc  do  not  think  man^  men, 
or  women  eillier,  doubt  the  distiDCtive 
character  of  the  female  mind, — that  it 
is  nut  made  to  do  every  Hort  of  work 
r  may  do,  at  least  not 


1  the  s 


;  but  I 


help  suspecting  that  the  sooner  all  these 
nice  questions — asqueslions, as  matters 
of  BTgumeut,  of  limitation,  rule,  and 
dictation — aredroppedthe better.  Men 
are  never  so  near  being  morally  and 
divinuU  right  as  when  they  content 
theiuselves  with  enjoying  and  minis- 
tering to  what  is  good,  with  no  theo- 
retical reference  to  sex  at  all ;  ami 
woman  is  surely  most  wutnanly  in  the 
highest  sense,  most  gerilli^  lervent,  and 
sincere,  when  she  is  thinking  least 
about  the  matter. 

So  with  respect  lo  the  ijuestion  of 
trhich  among  women  should  writv,  anil 


appeared  to  ti 
tiiJ  mothers  a 


a*  that  wivi-s  aiiU  mothers  may 
novels,  but  single  women  may 
and  that,  Iu  short,  all  women  whose 
position  in  noiiiety  is,  in  the  one  respect 
of  being  unmarried,  isolated,  should  not 
incrvuH  that  iialatJon  by  such  a  self- 


centreing  thing  aa  autborahip  of  any 
kind.  On  these  and  other  similar  dis- 
cussions we  have  onlv  one  remark  to 
make, — that  they  really  are  very  use- 
less ;  that  whenever  a  woman  feels  she 
has  something  to  say  which  aiaj  do 
good,  even  loUie  lower  extent  of  giving 
pleasure,  she  will  generally  find  means 
of  saving  Jt,  and  lud  much  betternot 
be  hindered.  Mere  cessation  of  au- 
thorship, we  niipecl,  will  do  but  little 
in  c<irrectin|(lliiMe  tendencies  of  which 
authorship  is  a  Mgn.  Let  the  novel, 
poem,  or  essay  be  written,  and  let  the 
public  criticise  it  freely.  Our  con- 
clusion still  is  that  the  grandest,  wisest, 
simplest  thing  man  or  woman  can  do 
is  to  obey  any  strong  clear  call  of  duty 
towards  God  or  man ;  to  express  that 
which  has  been  brou{;ht  home  to  the 
mind  in  a  truthful,  unexoKgerative 
way,  if  it  be  a  case  in  which  writing 
s(.>cms  the  must  natural  instrument  for 
the  conveyance  of  what  they  have  to 
say  ;  to  hope,  humbly  but  Rrmly,  that 
a  few  wot^  of  theirs  maj'  be  the  in- 
soirun  of  deeds — to  look  indeed  npon 
the  smallest  self-satri (icing  deed  as 
worth  more  than  many  books — bai 
still  not  In  [lisparage  any  vocation — 
■IHiken,  written,  or  acted  out. 

Aa  a  general  rule,  we  <la  not  mneb 
wonder  that  men  have  come  lo  look 
with  distrust  on  woman's  championship 
of  social  <)iiestions  in  the  way  of  argti- 


JB53.] 


lite  Lad^  NoKeluU  of  Great  Brlu 


inent.  Tliey  do  on«n,  cerlninlj,  go  be- 
ji mil  the  mark.  They  are  npt  M  hriii); 
[iriiniineDll;  fornurd  ill  Ibose  Diera 
□S'-iets  from  tbc  main  subject  which  a 
wunil  luwj'er  or  moderatel;  wise  niiin 
would  l«av*>  out  of  the  discussion  as 
ai>t  to  divert  nttenlioD  from  the  main 
puint,  and  put  clear  logic  out  of  court. 
And  then  ihe  braverj  of  women,  al- 
lied tbouffh  it  maj  be  tu  many  noble 
qualities,  is  a^innt  tbem.  When  thej 
talk,  SB  Bouictiines  (bcj'  do,  in  ibe  most 
irritating  manner  of  man's  cowardtiie, 
it  ought  Iti  be  noted  bow  ofteu  they 
thentaelvca  proTokingly  i 
■    "»hiia 


and  bard  work  for  h 


1  by  thei. 


too  ready  to  resign — of  being  more  re- 
ligioui  than  their  brothers  or  husbands, 
tbey  do  and  say  more  things  that  put 
practical  religion  in  jeopardy  tbun 
those  brothers  or  husbands  would 
ever  drenin  of.  In  fact,  in  matters  of 
reasoning  they  are  really  Hurder  upun 
their  friends  than  their  foes,  fur  the 
magnanimity  of  woman's  nature  makes 
tier  peculiarly  anxious  to  be  generous 
KoA  candid  to  antagoiiiets.  Uence  we 
often  Sud  her  more  liberal  towards 
works  of  dangerous  tendency  than  to- 
vnrds  tliow  which,  having  a  much  se- 
cnrer foundation,  area  little  straitened 
■nd  narrow  in  thijr  outward  form. 

One  eannot  but  be  struck,  mean- 
while, with  the  sreat  increase  in  quan- 
tity, and  general  iiuproTCuient  in  tbc 
ntuuity,  of  noveu  written  by  women. 
W«  are  quite  aware  that  every  sort  of 
«Til  uiay  sliMil  into  our  houses  under 
the  guiseof  an  interesting  fiction;  that 
broad,  coarse  novels  of  the  Fielding 
■ml  SuhiUvK  kind  are  not  what  we  have 
to  dread,  but  rather  the  insidious 
pniaon  of  false  sentiment 


:irthe  glare  which 
surniund*  them.  Nothing,  however, 
of  tlua  kind  moves  us  from  our  belief 
tbtt  ao*d-writing  is  quite  one  of  the 
le^tinutle  occupations  of  women.  They 
eoinat,  indeed,  fetch  up  nialcriula  from 
tbc  liBiiiit*  into  whieh  a  Dickens  or 
Bii]w«T  may  jienutrntc.  They  may  in 
vain  try  to  grapple  with  the  more 
aK^Hcati^difficultiesDf  many  anm/i'i 


19 

position  and  career ;  but,  as  for  as  ibuy 
go — and  often  they  can  and  do  go  far 
— they  are  admirable  portray ers  of  I 
cimracter  and  situation.  They  know 
— there  is  no  denying  it — a  great  deal 
about  men.  Brothers,  friends,  bus- 
bands,  open  li>  tbeta  widely,  in  many 
coses,  the  doors  of  their  hearts.  They 
are  allowed  to  see  much  of  that  inner 
life.  They  see  what  la  merely  small 
anil  conventional,  but  also  what  is  lofty 
and  simple.  And  then  how  much  is 
the  Btore  of  woman's  ideas  enlarged  by 
the  mingling  of  other  literatures  wita 
our  own !  The  grave  old  Eoman  cul- 
ture wo  never  wish  to  see  neglected  j 
we  feci  ilB  value  to  the  mind :  but  an 
Englishwoman  must  now,  to  some  ex- 
tent, be  also  European,  American, 
Asiatic,  nay,  Australian.  Nor  con  she 
shut  herself  up  here  at  home,  except 
by  violence,  in  the  Church  woman's,  or 
the  Dissenter's,  or  the  Catholic's  circlfs 
of  thought. 

With  all  these  facilities— with  the 
means  of  high  religious  and  moral  culti- 
vation within  her  reach — with  a  public 
ready  to  read,  thankful  to  be  amused — 
witbooinorcthanafairsliare  of  criticism 
to  apprehend — why  should  not  womaa 
write  fictjon  admirably  well  ?  Bear 
witness  to  a  woman's  power,  most  won- 
derful Consuelo  t  Stand  forward,  ear- 
nest, inspired,  duteous,  magnanimous 
"  Uncle  Tom,"  and  say  what  there  is, 
what  long-standing  system  of  wicked- 
ness, that  may  not  be  shaken  to  ils 
centre  by  the  touch  of  a  woman 'shsndl 

Nor  can  we  agree  to  stop  our  ears 
against  the  voices  of  Ihe  post.  We 
remember  the  beauty  and  deep  pathos 
of  Mrs.  Inchbald.  We  remember  Jane 
and  Anns  Maria  Porter,  who,  when 
tbey  left  ordinary  lifis  behind,  and 
trented  of  characters  safely  removed 
from  the  then  English  public  by  time 
and  distance,  made  the  prettiest  ro- 
mances about  ibem  imaginable.  The 
general  strain  of  Mrs.  Opie's  novels  we 
are  compelled  to  own  was  feeble,  but 


nrked 


up     B 


with  an  even  tetrible  power,  as 
in  "  Murder  will  Out,"  "The  Ruffian 
Boy,"  and  the  maniac  scene  in  "The 
Father  and  Daughlcr."  •  Mrs.  Rad- 
ctiRe,  surely,  that  great  dealer  in  mys- 


Oiw  of  IhoH  dcarlf  beloved  siitcrs  of  ours 
hrartOK  w  much,  ha*,  we  find,  given  duiU 
i  (nciat  M  happy  and  kiudl;  as  now),  Mrs 


n  Amerioa  oF  whom  we  lisve  reoeutlji 
ind  bnriil  lo  our  bright,  kindljr,  happjr 
Opie.    The  spire  of  her  utive  towa't  _ 


20 


The  LaJy  Novelists  of  Great  Britain. 


[July, 


teries,  was  not  useless  in  her  day. 
Admirable  indeed  is  tlie  adaptation 
from  age  to  age  of  outward  supplies 
to  man*s  inward  wants ;  admirable  the 
provision,  in  every  period,  of  material 
out  of  which  imagmation  maj  shape 
that  which  is  needed  to  supply  tne 
real  want  of  a  period ;  and  we  should 
say  that  in  nothing  is  this  shown  more 
strikingly  than  in  the  gradual  clearing 
away  of  the  unknown,  m  proportion  as 
the  Known  world  becomes  more  various, 
more  rich  in  stirring  interests,  more 
likely  to  stimulate  mental  enterprise, 
and  strongly  to  influence  the  moral 
energies.  Mrs.  Kadcliffe*s  material 
world  is  gone ; 

For  now  where  may  we  find  a  place 

For  any  spirit's  dream  ? 
Our  steps  haye  been  on  every  soil. 

Our  sails  oo  every  stream. 

In  her  day,  castles  and  convents,  and 
mighty  nobles  and  wicked  monks  and 
abbesses,  could  be  planted  in  fiction 
all  over  Switzerland  and  Italy ;  tyrants 
might  be  torturing  vassals,  and  women 
might  be  buried  alive  every  day,  for 
aught  titat  could  be  demonstrated  to 
the  contrary ;  and  peasants  were  always 
dancing   on    the    vine*covered    hills. 
£ven  nature  had  a  trick  or  two  played 
with  her.     It  was  always  full  moon  in 
Mrs.  Radclifie*s  pictures;    she  never 
did  things  by  halves.     Now  we  should 
say  that  the  then  living  world  of  Eng- 
land was,  on  the  whole,  the  better  for 
these  things;    and   that,  judging  by 
those  novels  of  the  time  which  por- 
trayed actual  English  domestic  life,  it 
was  better  that  fiction  should  withdraw 
men  and  women  out  of  their  own  rea- 
lities, and  take  its  materials  from  a  ro- 
mantic and  coniparatively  little  known 
world.     Clara  Reeve,  and  Mrs.  Rad- 
clific,  and  the  authors  of  the  Canter- 
bury Tales,  did  not  merely  shun  pol- 
luting   things,    but  were  themselves 
IM>etical  and  elevating. 

We  are  half  unwilling  to  mention 
Miss  Burney,  whose  talent  we  allow ; 
yet  we  must  confess  that,  in  spite  of 
applauding  Dr.  Johnson  and  plain 
literal  George  the  Third,  we  never  can 
read  a  chapter  of  Evelina,  or  even 
Cecilia,  without  di:»appointment  and 
disrelish.     The   conmion   run  of  her 


characters  is  not  merely  a  local  and 
conventional  one,  but  it  seems  to  us 
divested  of  those  touches  of  truth  and 
nature  which  in  the  hands  of  higher 
writers  oft-en  dignify  what  is  in  itself 
mean.  Her  portraits  are  portraits 
with  little  of  soul :  they  are  hopelessly 
low  in  tone,  and  deficient  in  the  higher 
traces  of  imagination.  There  are  ex- 
ceptive passages  in  Camilla,  though  the 
importation  of  Johnsonian  sentences 
quenches  our  dawning  pleasure;  but 
the  character  of  Sir  Hugh  Tyrold, 
booby  as  he  is,  has  in  it  some  very 
beautiful  touches. 

Time  would  fail  us  were  we  to  enter 
on  the  religious  novels— on  Ccelebs, 
and  the  productions  which  followed, 
from  the  pen  of  Miss  Hawkins,  Mra. 
Brunton,  and  several  others.    In  quite 
another  strain.  Miss  Ferriar  had  ex- 
ceeding great  merit ;  and  we  need  not 
do  more  than  mention  the  names  of 
Miss  Edgeworth  and  of  Jane  Austen. 
Let  us  move  on  to  our  own  times. 
Here  the  field  is  so  extensive  that  our 
difficulties  of  selection  increase.    Only 
to    enumerate    the    principal   female 
novelists  who  have  been  at  work  for 
the  last  twenty  or  twenty-five  jjrears  is 
something  startling.     In  that  time  we 
have  had  at  least  three  or  four  able 
novels  per  annum,  not   to   mention 
others  of  respectable  promise.     We 
have  had  Lady  Dacre,  Mrs.  Marsh, 
Mrs.   Gore,    Miss    Martineau,    Lady 
Georgina  Fullerton,  Lady  Ponsonby, 
Mrs.  rl^orton,  Mis8  Mulock,  Mrs.  Gas- 
kell,  Currer  Bell,  Mrs.  S.  C.  Hall,  the 
authoress  of  Mrs.  Margaret  Maitlaml 
and  of  Adam  Gneme,  Miss  Jewsbury, 
Miss   Kavanagh,   and    the    unknown 
author  of  Rose  Douglas.     As  English 
we  may  not  lay  claim  to  Mrs.  Stowe, — 
and  vet  how  much  of  Saxon  origin  in 
Uncle  Tom,  and  also  in  the  clever 
novels  of  Elizabeth  Wetherell  and  her 
sister ! 

We  could  wish,  however,  that  some 
of  our  lady  writers  were  not  so  da- 
magingly  rapid  and  fre<;(uent  in  their 
gifts.  Mrs.  Marsh,  for  instance,  most 
of  whose  first  volumes  are  generally 
good,  but  who  is  so  apt  to  rail  as  she 
proceeds. 

May   we  not  venture  to  add  that, 


cathedral  iM:iro«?]y  carried  itaclf  more  erectly  than  ithe  when  we  lutw  her  Umt,  not  so  very 
loog  ago.  M<iy  she  live  on,  unaffected  by  all  premature  obituary  articles,  for  some 
peaceful  ycar^  yet  ! 


1853.] 


Thf  Lady  JVoveluU  of  Great  ffrUain. 


u»  all  uudiora  have  jiower  iivcr  their 
nwa  iiorks  tiii  they  are  uiwle  over  for 
f^iod  or  eril  to  the  trmler,  they  would 
lie  iloing  a  g'HKl  deed  il'  they  wuuld 
itifumi  iheiutielvc!s  beforehaod  <>('  tlie 
manner  in  which  their  productions  me 
to  lie  sent  into  the  luarlcet.  It  canaot, 
we  are  rore,  be  h  matter  of  indifTerencc 
to  s  aensitive  woman  whether  her 
name  ia  to  usber  forth  a  fair  or  a  «eanly 
allowance,  in  quantity  and  quality,  in 

KDpnrtion  to  pHce.  It  must  surely 
paiofnl  to  her  if  sbe  kiioira  tbut  the 
eyca  of  reaJeni  are  angrily  wanderinj; 
uver  a  wide  margin,  a  straggling  mode 
uf  iirinling,  and  those  olfacr  devices  of 
wbieb  tbe  public  Ir  often  made  to  com- 
plain, while  remarkable  and  very  pleai- 
■iig  cuntrsflB  are  occaaionally  exhibited. 
Not  wishinf:  to  make  any  invidious  re- 
marks on  what  we  (£alikc,  we  will  only 
give  ane  instance  of  wbat  we  think 
vuuiiaendable  generosity  tu  the  public, 
ID  »  Ule  entitled  "The  Ueir  of  Red- 
olyHe,"  reeuntly  published  in  two  vo- 
Inmeg.  We  are  not  now  noticing  its 
Ktcrary  ability,  anil  ore  <]uite  unin- 
■tructvd  ui  tfl  its  outliorsbip,  wliclher 
inal<  or  female — it  would  do  honour  to 
any  pen — but  also  il  deserves  to  be 
■iiigled  out  lur  its  geueruus  allowance 
of  nutter — itconlaios  xs  much  a$  four 
Toliiinea  of  our  ordinary  novels,  fur- 
niahed  »t  less  than  half  the  price- 

Every  ouc  knows  that  the  lost  glow- 
ing fuatioer  insj)Tred  several  of  our  best 
lady  noTelists  t*i  write,  and  that  we,  id 
thepostwinlerand  present  spring,  have 
been prcfitingbvtbeir labours.  Among 
the  rvftwo  should  have  liked  turcad  the 
Mune  uf  the  authoress  of  "  Deerbrook ;" 
for,  though  Mist  Uarlineau  wanders 
widely  (too  widely)  nbrond,  we  know 
IhttA^  loves  and  appreciates  fiction, 
ftd  llie  great,  tnough  somewhat 
femerit  of  what  she  has  accom- 
B  lh«t  depannent.  Looking  in 
*""  '  e  must  thank- 


rare  cDoi^h  in  these  days  to  be  bi;;UIy 
priaed,  Thei-e  are  parts  of  bhirley, 
the  least  popular  of  ner  works,  which 
show  that  she  Jias  more  feminine  per- 
ception of  character  than  either  Jane 
Eyre  or  Villette  betokens.  Nevertlie* 
less,   in   Shirley,  even   more  than    in 


la  by  others. 
TlwautlioreH  of.tanc  Eyre.of  Shir- 
I  Uf,  M»d  now  of  Villette,  stands  in  our 
[  nund«  very  much  where  she  did.  She 
[  majbavebccomealittlemorec^autious 
I  — slie  doea  not  so  deeply  offend — but 
>l  with  truth  say  that  we  ihiuk 
W  (foe  higher.  She  does  not  rise, 
]  as  we  hoped  she  would ;  she  is  as 
I  Crab,  a*  nigjEcstiTC  as  full  of  orjgi- 
1  Doliij  a*  vvrr — rind  an  original  book  n 


,   the    ■ 

authoress  live  among  wives  and  mo- 
thers? 

Miss  Mulock  also  has  appeared 
again.  Of  her  no  complaint  can  be 
ninile  similar  to  that  we  have  just 
utlcreil ;  all  she  writes  is  not  merely 
pure,  but  purifying.  We  do  not  think 
she  is  possessed  of  the  talent  ofCurrer 
Bell,  but  she  is  a  beautiful,  engaging, 
elevating  writer.  HerfirRtnovel|"The 
Ogilvies,"  did  not,  we  think,  promise 
very  much,  but  in  "Olive"  there  are 
noble  scenes  and  exquisite  touches. 
In  the  whole  range  of  our  fiction, 
nothing  seems  to  us  more  beautiful 
than  the  picture  of  the  artist  and 
his  unselfish,  devoted  sister,  or  of  the 


Family,"  Xinian  Greame  and  his  Lind- 
say, their  guardian  care  of  the  young 
family  committed  to  their  charge,  the 
contrasts  in  tbeir  position,  as,  oue  by 
one.  their  pleasures  and  cares  ale 
withdrawn,  are  surely  delightful  pic- 
tures. Miss  Mulock  errs,  however,  we 
think  iu  dealing  too  much  and  too 
long  in  secret  loves  and  needless  re- 
straints. She  makes  deep  and  silent 
atlucbment  too  much  the  burden  of 
her  song,  and  this  is  the  more  cu- 
rious, as  she  deprecates  the  false  UJO- 
rulify  thus  induced,  in  "  The  Ogilvies." 
A  novelist  should  take  care  not  to 
remind  the  reader  too  often  bow  suon 
and  pleasantly  a  tale  might  come  to  an 
end,  but  for  these  foolish  scruples  and 
overstrained  sacrifices  on  tiie  pert  of 
the  heroes  and  heroines.  In  "  Agatha's 
Uusband,"  the  scrupulous  conceal- 
ments of  moneyed  dimculties  by  a  hus- 
band from  bis  wife,  have  the  effect,  we 
think,  of  almost  destroying  the  interest 
of  both  cliRractcra, 

There  are  two  or  three  other  novels 
of  last  year,  written  by  women,  of 
which,  had  we  time,  we  should  like  to 
say  souielhing.  The  American  ladies,  , 
in  imrticulor,  are  coming  out  delight- 
fully in  this  deparlinunt  i  fur  instance. 
"The  Wide,  Wide  World,"  "  Queechy," 


'2-2 


The  Lad^  yoreiisU  of  Great  Britain* 


[July, 


anil  **(  ili.Ti  I. una."  are  pn>ini<ing  biA)k«. 
Till"  nii)*t  ^trikinjr  ot'  nur  Kngli»h  te- 
iu.il«;  niiv»'l>  ^••(•Iu:t  '•  ■«  us  however  to  be 
••  K 11  ill."  \ty  the  auihoress  of  ••  Marv 
Jiarlijn." 

It  i*  iiiiiMi44il,le  to  cienv  that  inanj 
mt*ti\  ]>fi]ile  are  ntrjrievtMl  by  "  Kuth.^ 
IhiTr  i.-  no  (lia^iii.oing  that  a  ^irl  who 
ha«  taken  Iter  iilare  amonfr  tfie  fallen 
li  (inullj  ralTfea  to  tlic  level  of  a  real 
iinil  iiin«t  fxenipliiry  hon»ino.  Thi:*  \i 
the  fart  lying  at  the  fnundation  of  the 
novel.  Hvwhat  niana'iement  can  thi^i 
have  lioen  nimle  bearable  to  strict  and 
Si'Vi-nr  rea«ler- ':' 

J(y  u«i  mttwi'Tement  at  all,  wc  sthould 
nay.'    It  imist,  we  think,  Ik?  allowetl 
t«i  every   woman,  be  she  novelist,  or 
binijily  wife,  mother,  and  houwkee(>er, 
to  have  forme*!  smhuc  5ort  of  opinion 
(III  TM-MH  of  thi:«  kind  which  may  have 
CO  I  lit;  Ik*  fore  her;   case:*  in  which  she 
may    liJivi-    witnessed   various   shailes 
of  bi?lt.-r  fi-^'linir — have  known  of  more 
»ir   li?-"»    exteiiiiatini;    circumstance — 
have   iH.»iMi    more    or   less    convincinl 
of  the   evil  consequences  of  unmiti- 
fliiU'ii  cxc'liiHion  and  severity.     Now, 
if  one  who  has  received  a  strong  ini- 
prf!«sii)n  on  tlii*i*e  points  be,  like  Mrs. 
<;a^ki'll,  prtMHpt  to  clothe  her  thoughts 
in  lan;.Miage,  to  tell  out  her  feelings 
(iNTiiiiHe  nothing  seems  to  her  so  di- 
ri'iliy    to  the   purpose)  in   the  form 
c»f  fi  taif,   she    <l<»e»    no   more    than 
jfive  >«iinple  utterance  t(»  her  own  as- 
IH**-!  of  II  truth — she  d<K?«  not  exclude 
other  viewH,  other  sides  of  a  ri  nest  ion — 
sin*  iiit-n'ly  presents  one  real  living  pic- 
(un*,  wlilrli  ifhi-  JiiMtly  thinks  the  worM, 
in  itn  jfri-at  purity  and  wisdom,  may, 
if  it  in  true  t«»  iiatun?,  Ikj  the  better  for 
kiiowinjf.     A  Ntrorig  conviction  of  the 
«"Vil  iif"  put  ting  JiHwle  the  once   frail, 
HH  iH'in^N  who  eiiii  scarcely  be  named 
**iHniijt    dan;!<*r   of  contiimination  — 
"  '•«-rtiiii,ty  that  this  swells  the  num- 
*"■''.  "f  Muners,  ami  lemls  to  corrupt 
■'7''***y    iiior.*   and    more,  is   the   one 
:|'*''i  pn.M,.„,.  til  her  mind,  and  under 
•I  Mil.  wiii..„.     'n,,it  some,  ami  thow; 
""""•K  Vi-iy  true  lovers  of  their  kind 
l^^-»y    ••x.rlhMit,   admirable    jwople, 

^.;     **'*    nm   overstrained    i»    their 

hlii.Vr.      ^'•**»'*   «»*'  ""Tid   fiiiostions— 

„„;/7'    ' il  from   iKith  the  subjtrct 

•liioii       **■  ^•"'^k^'ll's  way  of  tHMiting  it, 


wo 


think 


th-Tp  vV*"  "'"Tii"""  "H ;   but 

pi^^HHiv .  *''  """lii'what  iinrrow  and  op- 


There  is  another  part  of  the  subject 
which  is  very  painful ;  from  it  how- 
erer  we  may  not  shrink ;  mnd,  h^ypily, 
there  are  good  and  strong  men  who 
allow  the  injustice  of  merely  punishing 
the  delinciuents  of  one  sex,  however  re« 
pentant,  nowever  desirous  of  return, 
with  perpetual  exclusion — while  not 
the  betrayer  only,  but  the  actual  de« 
serter  of  tne  betrayed  wonum  is  scarcely 
less  welcomed  by  society  qfler  than  Ae- 
fore  his  offence.  Here  again  then  Mrs. 
Gaskell  has  strongly  felt  a  deep  and 
painful  truth,  and  has  written  under 
Its  influence. 

This  is  the  sum  of  the  whole :  the 
tale  tells  by  implication  the  author's 
views  of  the  evil  of  closing  summarily 
the  doors  of  mercy  and  hope ;  it  points 
out   the   dancer  of  driring   merciful 
people  into  falsehoods,  and,  at  the  some 
time,  the  author  shows,  with  all  her 
might,    the    short-sighted,   confusing, 
ern  nature  of  all  such  expedients — how 
they  detract  from  the  merit  of  a  gene- 
rous net,  and  by   fixing  the  censor*s 
eve  upon  the  irmziw,  steal  away  for  a 
time  sympathy  with  the  end.     As  for 
the   execution   of  the   work,  nothing 
really  can  l>e  more  beautiful.      Mrs. 
Gaskeirs  language  is  the  perfection  of 
easy,  simple,  womanly  grace;  her  wit  is 
irresistible.     Nevertheless,  we  do  not 
think  her  always  alike  successful  in  the 
management  of  the  story.     We  think 
that  it  would  have  been  more  true  to 
paint  Ruth  as  both  more  alive  and  less 
simple.     She  ought  not  to  have  gone 
astray  from  stupidity  or  from  fear,  but 
with  all  her  poetic  love  of  beauty  should 
have  been  less  passive,  more  enkindled 
— more  of  the  woman  in  short ;  en* 
snared  from  within  as  well  as   from 
without,   though   still    (losscssed   of  a 
young  hearths  delicacy.     At  the  same 
time  wc  are  far  from  insensible  to  Mrs. 
GaakelFs  difficulty.     Had  Ruth  erred 
from  passion  rather  than  from  igno- 
rance, scenes  must  have  been  con- 
structed in  accordance  with  that  view, 
and  then  we  should  have  had  the  usual 
obje<rtionab1c  drnggings  through  dan- 
gerous mazes  of  sentiment  and  suffer- 
ing, which  a  pure  writer  would  of  course 
much  prefer  shunning  altogether. 

Passing  to  the  more  lengthy  process 
of  poor  Ruth's  miserjr  and  recovery,  if 
we  were  asked  to  point  out  that  part 
of  the  succetnling  narrative  which  we 
could  decidedly  wish  had  been  other* 


1853.] 


The  Lady  NooelUU  of  Great  Britain. 


wise  (ranied,  it  would  be  the  continu' 
Bnce  of  the  deceptinn  on  Huch's  part, 
after  the  scene  on  the  aea-shore,  in 
irbicb  her  seducer  re-appeara,  From 
ihii  moment  must  be  diLt«d  her  onn 
independent  mental  and  moral  efforts: 
tni  tlieo  she  luu  been  n  pasaire  inatru- 
ment  in  tbe  Bensons  huida,  but  now 
a  uew  life  is  breathed  into  her.  She 
benelf  resisti  temntalion — she  herself 
from  this  time  lues  her  destiny  in- 
to  her  own  hands;  and  growing  out, 
Ut«n  and  there,  with  that  new  ex- 
istence, should  have  been  burn,  we 
think.  Rti  kbborrence  of  the  lie,  and  a 
■ietcmiinntion  to  have  the  truth  known 
a.t  kll  cost.  How  llie  stor;  might 
hate  been  tuld  it  is  not  for  us  to  say  ; 
we  have  faith  in  the  aulhoresa,  in  her 
rich  resiurcea  and  drumalic  powem, 
and  believe  she  would  have  wrought 
oqt  her  conclusions  with  triumpbant 
pgwer;  as  it  is,  though  nothing  can  bo 
more  mastcrlj  than  the  scene  on  the 
acCaaJ  discover;  of  the  deception,  the 
character  of  Kuth  i»  not  raised  aa  it 
might  have  been  if  the  dioclosure  had 
been  rolunlar;-  She  beara  the  treat- 
mciit  the  receives  noblj ;  but  one 
cannot  furgel  that  it  is  a  compulsorj 
endurance,  however  accepted  and  iiu- 

It  i*  impoesible  to  notice  all  the 
opposing  oiiinions  we  hxTe  heard  und 
read  on  other  parts  nf  the  narrative, 
— we  shall  merely  advert  to  one.  It 
ha*  been  gravel;  said  that  Kuth  should 
not  h«*e  rejected  her  seducer's  late 
and  dnperale  offer  of  marriage.  From 
that  opinion  we  jrive  our  unqualitied 
dJMrvi;  no  tach  woman,  we  think, 
could  ever  have  accompanied  meh  a 
man  to  llie  altar,  there  to  plight  her 
•olctun  vows  before  God  and  man. 

Much  exception  has  been  taken  to 
the  diM-ocCura  of  both  Benson  and 
Bradahaw.  We  have  little  sjmpatli; 
tn  the  ordinary'  objections  made  to 
cillter  uf  ihein.  'niey  are  fine  iludies, 
ukI  deserve  most  careful  examination. 
Tfaunton  Benson  is  a  man  of  whom 
manj  Eo^l  pctitile  sa;  timt  ii  ia  nearly 
imponiblc  tucfa  nu  one  could  have 
been  a  parly  to  deceit.  They  cannot 
larcly  have  taken  into  account  all  the 
anucedenti.  He  appears  at  no  part 
of  his  career  to  have  been  a  strong,  well- 
exerciacd  man.  With  a  weak,  ailing 
Irame,  babiti  of  dependunce  on  others 
have  atrly  beeu  nourii>hed  in  him,  and 


a  studious,  contemplative,  poetical  ti 
of  mind  has  been  fed  by  his  way  of 
lifcs  of  the  kindest  possible  nature, 
the  sterner  parts  of  reli^on  do  not  lay 
hold  on  h'mi  luercyand  tenderness  are 
all  his  thought.  The  harshueas  he  has 
both  witnessed  and  experienced  in 
Mr.  Bradshaw,  the  great  man  of  his 
mighty  small  world,  yet  furtlier  drives 
him  to  the  side  of  lovingkiodneiis. 
Then,  as  a  minister,  let  bis  real  position 
be  fairly  stated.  Mr.  Benson  conducts 
>f  a  Dissenting  congrega- 
>ked  upon  with  respect  and 
n^ard ;  but,  as  is  generally  moreor  less 
the  case  amon^  euch  congregations,  with 
great  familiarity  and  considerable  con- 
tempt for  his  judgment  in  worldly  mat- 
ters. He  is  not,  except  by  the  already 
civilised  and  softened,  a  man  to  stand 
in  holy  awe  of.  He  is  far  more  what  we 
migjht  call  a  class-leader,  than  an  ap* 
pointed  ordained  minister  of  God's 
word.  Such  a  man,  so  placed,  if  be 
has  extraordinary  gifts,  may  awaken  a 
wide  and  strong  interest;  his  people 
may_  be  proud  of  him.  He  is  their 
minister — lAeir  Mr.  Benson.  But,  take 
an  ordinary,  average  case;  suppose  too  ' 
that  ill-health  both  lessens  bis  chance 
of  a  chanf^e  and  sheds  languorover  the 
frame,  this  minister  will  grow  puHsive,  . 
and  f;et  into  the  habit  of  being  tutored. 
Purtions  of  his  independence  will  be 
lost — particularly  slater  or  wife  will  be 
infeutcd  with  the  fear  of  espionage,  and 
tliis  will  re-act  on  himself.  He  grows 
nervous  and  cowardly ;  not  probably  in 
the  matter  of  preaching  and  proclaim- 
his  religious  views,  for  Ikerc  the 
habit  of  acquaintance  with 
ible,  the  service  to  which  he  ta 
vowed,  the  immediate  end  of  his  life — 
will  keep  him  awoke  and  olive, and  we 
do  not  think  his  error  would  be  that  iif 
faithlessness  lohiscoDviulions.  On  the 
contrary,  were  you  to  test  his  love  of 
truth  by  some  kinds  of  trial,  to  place  be- 
fore himofaiaeobject  of  worship,  aereed 
which  his  conscience  disowns — though 
martyrdom  were  on  one  side  and  evei-y 
worldly  advantage  on  the  other — vou 
would  find  him  firm  and  upright.  But 
should  he  meet  with  a  very  singular 
coll  for  the  exercise  of  his  benevolence, 
and  thereupon  the  image  of  his  congre- 
gational leader  arise  also  clothed  in  ila 
stern  terrors,  what  will  be  in  all  proba- 
bility his  course?  Jn  many  cases,  in 
nio«(  in  which  the  character  has  been 


perpetual  h 
his   Bible,  t 


Ttte  Ladg  IVt,vflist)  nf  Great  Britain. 


34 

what  we  have  portrnye<l,  we  suspect 
Uint  the  result  would  be  thnt  wliicli 
Mrs,  Gaskell  depieta.  Not  iuuvitublj', 
of  course:  there  are  iitrong  and  patient 
men  who  would  have  dasheil  awaj  the 
temptation  in  a  moniont.  There  are 
men  who  would  inatantl;  have  felt  that 
"  God  does  not  need  our  sinful  acts," 
who  would  have  token  the  poor  suffer- 
ing  fallen  thing  bj  the  bHTiil,  and  given 
herihclterandaid  wilJiout  thearuallest 
sacrifice  of  truth.  But  they  would 
have  been  the  exceptions,  and  it  ^- 
hovesua  to  say  that  thuir  venture  would 
huve  been  tremendous,  their  fikitb  verj 
rare.  Take  the  case  of  Ruth.  Benson 
was  risking  all  upon  a  hope.  He  hiid 
never  known  her  jirevious  to  her  fall. 
Position,  friendship,  peuuniury  means, 
were  nil  lo  be  thrown  up  for  the  pos- 
RiliiUlj  of  doing  good  to  an  unknown 
and  erring  creature.  Another  sug- 
gestion would  come, — "  If  the  secrol 


[July, 


tnr  own,  on  my  heud  will  all 
tne  TisK  fall:  if  Ruth  proves  unworthy, 
niy  trusting  heart  only  will  feel  the 
pain  of  disappointment."  M[ii'aliats  I 
mortal  men  and  women !  whtuh  umou^ 
ynu  will  "throw  the  first  etune"  ut 
this  failing  man  ? 

But  is  Benson's  error  vamisbeil  over 
in  Mrs.  Goskcll's  itorv  t  Surely  not 
so.  To  say  nothing  of  the  augmented 
Iniubles  and  tan^l^  which  ni'ise  out  of 
the  false  poiitionm  which  be  hnsplnced 
blmwlf  and  Ruth,  the  evil  is  shown 
m<ut  strongly  by  the  second  ami  fur 
more  iuexcosabletraiisactioninlo  which 
ho  ia  led.  This  too,  alas!  is  saiily 
life-like:  and  hera  the  power  of  the 
itor  is  not  more  marked  than  the 
1  of  her  moral  feeling.  It  is  a 
'a  of 

e  Benson  to  the  unamiable  and  re- 
pulsive Bnulshaw,  simply  through  the 
force  of  right  and  truth — nnd  this  she 
has  done  most  triumphantly.  Who  i« 
tliere  that  does  not  feel  Bradihaw's  in- 
d>:fnatinn  to  be  on  the  whole  righlenus  t 
Who,  building  up  in  hit  own  mind  the 
imoffe  of  tuch  a  man,  dua  nut  re> 
garu  the  wrong  donu  him  by  Buuikid 
HB  a  cruel  and  a  COWHnlly  deceit?  The 
puwur  of  exercitinj}  his  own  judgment 


culiorly  his  pride  anil  dvlight,  t«  bo 
thui  oundeitineljr  taken  from  him, 
wu  an  injury  which  wrtiM  ilsrif  upon 
__eur  niimlii  mom  Blron;;ly  than  any 


burst  of  paj»ion,  however  coarse,  and 
however  unjustifiable  when  applied  to 
Ruth  herself. 

Our  readers  will  see  that,  deeply 
a.s  we  admire  tiiis  beautiful  work,  we 
do  not  think  it  fauUIess,  and  are  by 
no  means  inclined  to  underrate  the 
amount  of  dilHculty  and  disapproba- 
tion which  must  a<lhere  to  any  such  at- 
tempt as  Mrs.  Gaskell's.  Nevertheless, 
we  reiterate  our  opinion  that  oAcn 
where  it  has  been  censured  it  has  been 
least  understood.  We  think  it  a  beau- 
tiful poem,  full  of  lovely  lights  and  re- 
freshing shades,  ministering  to  the  best 
part  ofour  nature,  rising  into  the  region 
o  four  highest  contemplations.  Whether 
it  has  done  or  will  do  good — whether 
any  actiirs  on  this  strange  complicatnl 
stage  of  life  will  be  stimulated  tn  look 
into  cases  of  departure  from  the  ntrivt 
path  of  virtue,  with  a  view  to  arrest  the 
do w n ward  coo i-sc —  whether  (sli 1 1  better 
and  more  promising  course)  they  will 
be  k-d  to  study  the  causes  which  most 
directly  lead  to  vice,  with  a  view  tu 
their  removal,  we  cannot  and  probably 
never  shall  know.  That  it  is  not  «n 
ill-timed  work,  al  least,  we  believe. 
At  this  dn^  there  is  a  strong  prevail- 
ing disposition  put  forth,  not  tiefore 
it  was  needled,  lo  look  after  our  out- 
casts of  all  sons,  trusting  that  tlie 
ninety  and  nine  will  hold  their  safe 
ground  meanwhile.  Something  then* 
mny  lie  of  sentiioentnlitjr,  something  of 
tlie  I'lve  of  excileiuenl,  in  this :  but  let 
nil  one  neglect  or  throw  contempt  on 
the  impulse  which  leads  the  higher 
clnsseu — high  whether  in  the  social  or 
the  moral  «!alc — to  cnwmunicate  freely 
with  the  lower.  It  Is  not  as  flatterers 
of  the  people  that  we  say  thl)>,  and 
heartily  agree  in  the  opinion  of  ihiiso 
who  think  that  our  literature  ami  our 
morals  re<{uire  more  and  more  for 
their  basis  a  sound  increasing  knnw- 
between  all  onlers 
rouiprehensiou  — 
mutual  understanding  of  each  other, 
hiiw  inestimable  a  privilege  it  Is!  This 
is  what  women  can  especially  for- 
wsril ;  and  those  other  minister!  of 
the  people — our  physicians,  walchEng 
over  thoir  bodily  liealth — our  clergy- 
men, labouring  after  their  spirituals 
— bow  much  may  they  do  to  praoiotc 
this  great  object  of  mutual  gooJ  tiiider> 
■tonding  I  Scarcely  less  inipurtMl  ll 
the  novelist's  jian.    Of  nil  men,  (Im 


1853.]     A  PoUiical  Caricature^  temp.  Charles  the  First* 


25 


novelist  should  not  divide,  but  unite. 
We  hare  recently  had  a  verj  beautiful 
example  of  the  harmonizing  process, 
and  few  thinss,  we  think,  can  be 
more  profoundly  just  and  concilia- 
torj  than  some  of  the  truths  put  by 
the  author  of  "  My  Novel "  into  the 
mouths  of  his  practical  sauires  and 
time- taught  philosophers.  Well  has  it 
been  said  by  a  charming  writer  and  wise 
thinker  of  our  day,  "Every  great  poet 
(or  novelist)  is  a  *  double-natured  man.* 
He  is  not  one-sided  :  can  see  the  truth 
which  lies  at  the  root  of  error :  can 
blame  evil,  without  hysterically  raving 
against  every  doer  of  it :  distin^shes 
between  frailty  and  villany :  ludges 
leniently,  because  by  sympathy  he  can 


look  on  faults  as  they  appear  to  those 
who  committed  them— -judges  justly, 
because,  so  far  as  he  is  an  artist,  he 
can  regard  the  feeling  with  which  he 
sympataises  from  without :  in  a  double 
way  realising  it,  but  not  surrendered  to 
it.  *  Be  such  for  ever  the  spirit  of  our 
English  fictions !  Vivid,  life-like,  yet 
large  and  humanising :  while,  on  the 
other  hand,  a  more  execrable  aim  can 
hardly  be  than  his  who  calls  up  the  spirits 
of  discontent,  insubordination,  and  re- 
venge, while  affecting  to  recreate  the 
tired  mind.  But  we  cannot  enter 
upon  this  chapter  of  perversions. 
From  all  participation  in  such  may 
Heaven  keep  women,  and  especially  the 
women  of  England ! 


A  POLITICAL  CARICATURE,  TEMP.  CHARLES  THE  FIRST. 


IN  the  political  and  familiar  cor- 
respondence of  the  sixteenth  and 
seventeenth  centuries  we  occasionally 
find  mention  made  of  pasquinades  and 
caricatures,  whereby  toe  popular  sen- 
timents on  the  great  actors  and  events 
of  the  day  were  covertly  expressed, 
and  perhaps  in  some  cases  formed  and 
directed,  as  they  have  subsequently 
been  by  the  masterly  productions  of  a 
Hogarth  or  a  Grillray,  a  Cruikshank  or 
a  Do^lc. 

It  IS  chiefly,  however,  in  relation  to 
continental  politics  that  these  notices 
occur.    There  was  but  little  native  art 


in  this  country,  and  the  terrors  of  the 
Star  Chamber  and  other  instruments 
of  summary  retribution  kept  that  little 
effectually  in  check  previously  to  the 
reign  of  Charles  the  First.  Almost  all 
the  prints  of  this  nature  earlier  than 
that  period  are  satires  upon  popery  ;t 
and  many  of  them  were  either  direct 
importations  from  Germany,^  or  were 
executed  by  foreign  artists.§  In  the 
early  part  of  the  seventeenth  century 
these  productjpns  are  usually  elabo- 
rately executed  upon  copper-plate: 
earlier  than  that  period  wood  blocks 
had  been  mostly  employed  || — an  art 


*  Rev.  F.  W.  Robertson,  lollaences  of  Poetry :  Two  Lectures  delivered  at  Brighton. 
HamiltoD  and  Adams. 

t  A  print  of  Sir  Giles  Mompesson,  in  three  compartments,  in  allusion  to  his  mono- 
poly for  licensing  alehouses,  and  belonging  to  the  year  1621,  may  be  cited  as  an  ex- 
otptUm  :  bat  its  spirit  was  not  satirically  aggressive,  like  that  of  modern  caricaturing ; 
bat  rather  penally  retributive.  It  took  its  revenge  after  the  man  was  disgraced.  This 
print,  which  is  engraved  with  remarkable  finish,  is  described  by  Granger,  but  inade- 
q[aate1y. 

t  This  is  evidently  'the  case  with  a  German  print  entitled  Treves  Endt,  but  which 
was  republished  in  England  ^niio  16S1,  with  some  English  verses  headed  "The  funeral 
of  Netherlands  Peace." 

§  We  conjecture  that  this  course  was  taken  with  ''  The  Travels  of  Time,  loaden  with 
Popish  Trumperies,  from  Great  Britaine  to  Rome,"  produced  apparently  in  16S4.  It 
has  English  verses  and  English  inscriptions  in  the  engraring ;  but  the  personage  styled 
"  Policie  "  in  the  latter  is  by  the  versifier  varied  into  Politicke, 

His  name  is  Politicke— Religion's  Ape. 

The  German  artist  is  betrayed  by  his  spelling  of  "  light :  **^The  lieht  qf  the  OoipeL 

n  A  late  instance  of  wood— -dated  1620,  but  of  this  there  may  have  been  earlier 
editioiis,  is  a  large  print  of  "  Fill  gut  and  Pinch  belly  " — two  quadrupeds,  **  one  being 
FU  with  eating  good  men,  the  other  Leane  for  want  of  good  women."    Next  to  popery 
the  moel  frequent  object  of  satire  in  the  reign  of  James  I.  was  female  misbehaviour, 
GxsiT.  Mag.  Vol.  XL.  £ 


26              A  PoUHeal  Caricature^  temp.  Charles  the  First.  [July> 

which  attdned  great  perfection,  even  There  are  nine  persons  represented, 

in  this  country,  m  the  sixteenth  cen-  six  seated  at  a  table  and  three  st-and- 

tury,  but  which  declined  in  the  seven-  ing.    On  one  side  the  table  are  the 

teenth,  until  in  the  reign  of  Charles  kings  of  Great  Britain,  Denmark,  and 

the  Second  it  was  nearly  extinct.  Sweden,  being  portraits  respectively 

We  have  been  led  into  these  remarks  of  Charles    the  First,  Christian   the 

upon  looking  at  a  caricature  preserved  Fourth,  and  Gustavus  Adolphus ;  they 
among  the  very  valuable  Collection  of    face  the  spectator ;   and  opposite  to 

Proclamations  and  Broadsides  belong-  them  are  seated  a  female  personifying 


ing  to  the  Societj  of  Antiquaries,  which 
b  now  undergomg  the  process  of  ar- 
rangement and  description  at  the  able 
hands  of  Mr.  Lemon  of  the  State  Paoer 
Office.  It  is  a  copper-plate  of  skiuul 
execution.  To  wnat  English  artist  to 
assign  it  we  are  entirely  unprepared  to 
say;  but  an  Englishman  he  probably 
was,  from  the  King  of"  Great  Britain 
being  placed  foremost  in  his  desi^. 
The  inscriptions  on  the  caricature  it- 
self, being  m  Latin,  might  indeed  corre- 
spond with  its  having  been  produced 
by  a  German  artist ;  l)ut  the  English 


Rome,  a  monk,  and  a  friar.  The  stand- 
ing figures  are,  on  one  side,  the  Pope 
and  a  Cardinal;  and  by  the  side  of 
Sweden,  on  the  other,  Bethlehem  Gabor, 
theVaivode  of  Transylvania,  who  made 
himself  master  of  Hungary  in  the  year 
1620. 

The  design  has  been  reversed  by  the 
engraver,  and  its  story  has  conse- 
quently to  be  taken  from  Icfl  to  right, 
as  is  indicated  by  the  figures  1,  2,  3,4, 
to  which  the  columns  of  verses  placed 
below  correspond.  The  first  of  these 
(which  we  copy  following  the  ortho- 
verses  attached  to  it  show  that  the  sraphy,  but  for  clearness*  sake  amend- 
impression  before  us  was  at  least  one  mg  the  punctuation,)  reads  thus  : 
of  an  edition  published  in  this  country. 

1. 

Greate  Brittaine  w*'*  proud  Rome  at  tables  playes. 
Rome  looseth  every  stake  that  dowae  sbee  layes; 
Yet  frets  Sc  sweares  to  winn,  all  though  sbee  pawne 
Her  reliqaea :  these  sbee  sets,  &  these  are  drawne. 
llie  last  stake  is  the  Pax.     Great  Brittajnes  band 
Is  drawing  that  too.    The  Pope,  who  by  dotb  stand 
W*^  Austria,  both  being  betters  on  Rome's  side, 
Holde  fast  the  Paz  ;  *twas  Gamsters'  law  they  cried 
To  snatch  the  last  stake  up.     Brittaine  then  swore 
To  have  the  triple  crowne  Rome's  Vicar  wore. 
The  Cardinail  quarrels  in  defence  of  Rome, 
And  beeing  armd  troubleth  all  Christendome. 


In  this  part  of  the  design  Rome  is 
represented  in  a  long  sown  girt  round 
the  waist,  and  raising  her  cowl  to  look 
on  the  game.  The  head  of  Rome  is 
effeminate,  but  she  wears  the  tonsure. 
At  her  side  is  a  dog  in  the  Hogarthian 
attitude  of  defiling  her  foot.  Before 
her  are  the  "tables,*'  closely  resem- 
blingthe  modem  backgammon-board. 
The  rope  is  stretching  out  his  hand  to 
snatch  the  pax,  which  king  Charles 
with  one  hand  endeavours  to  prevent, 


whilst  he  lays  the  other  on  the  Pope's 
tiara.  In  this  act  he  is  in  turn  ar- 
rested by  the  Cardinal,  who  is  termed 
"Austria**  in  the  verses,*  and  whose 
hands  are  "  armed  **  with  gauntlets.  To 
each  person  is  attached  a  Latin  motto : 
To  the  Cardinal,  Per  helbim  mihipax. 
To  the  Pope,  Cinge  gladhan*  To  the 
King,  2>a  Casari,  To  Rome,  Miserere 
meiVeus. 

We  now  proceed  to  the  second  pair 
of  gamesters,  who  are  thus  described : 


2. 

Denmarke  not  sitting  fiurr,  and  seeing  what  hand 
Great  Brittayne  bad,  &  how  Rome's  losse  did  stand, 
Hopes  to  winn  something  too.    Maw  is  the  game 
At  w'^  he  playes,  and  challcngeth  at  the  same 


^  TUi  ii  very  probablv  intended  for  Ernest  Adalbert  von  Harrach,  archbishop  of 

*•  a  cardinal  m  1686,  who  is  described  by  Ciaconiua  as  **mnlta  in  Ger- 

•b  Haiitkii  pum,  pnedpnA  in  Pngenii  obsidiona  ftota  a  Suecia.'' 


1853.]     A  Political  Caricature^  temp,  Charles  the  First.  27 

A  Mancke,  who  stakes  a  chalice.     Denmarke  sets  gold 
And  ahnfflei .    The  Mnncke  cats.    Denmarke,  being  bold, 
Deales  freely  round ,  and  the  first  card  bee  showes 
Is  the  five-finger,*  w^^  beeing  tnrnd  up  goes 
Cold  to  the  Munckes  heart.    The  neit  Denmarke  sees 
Is  the  ace  of  hearts,  the  Muncke  cries  out,  I  lees. 
Denmarke  replyes.  Sir  Muncke,  shew  what  you  have. 
The  Muncke  could  shew  him  nothing  but  the  Knave .f 

Tlie  Idng^s  features  are  carefully  tacles  on  nose.**  His  Latin  motto  is 
oopiad  from  his  portraits.  The  monk  Fratres  in  untan :  and  the  King*8,  Cor 
is  a  bald-headed  old  man,  with  "  spec*     unum  via  una. 

3. 

Rome  thus  by  Brittayne  and  by  Denmarke  pould, 

And  knowing  that  Gamesters  winnings  never  hould, 

Ventures  to  challenge  Sweden.    The  dice  comes 

To  Sweden's  hand,  who  throwes  and  winnes  from  Rome 

All  that  bee  playes  for,  whilst  Bethelem  Grabor  stands 

Only  to  see  faire  play,  yet  fils  his  hands 

By  betting  against  Rome,  bearing  away 

So  much  that  Rome  noe  more  dare  bett  or  play. 

Her  crosses,  crucifixes,  miters,  cowles, 

And  all  the  nets  she  throwes  out  to  catch  souies 

Rome  now  hath  lost ;  shee  that  did  all  desire 

Is  left  more  bare  than  a  bald  shaven  ffrier. 

In  this  part  of  the  picture  Rome  is  to  Bethlehem  Gabor,  Sic  transit  gloria 

represented  as  a  man  naked  to  the  RonuB. 

waist,  with  the  motto  Nudus  in  mun*        The  fourth  column  of  verses  draws 

dam  veni.    The  motto  to  the  king  of  the  moral  from  the  preceding : 
Sweden  is  Etfortis  etfiiiis;  and  that 

4. 

These  Royall  Gamsters  thus  w'**  crownes  being  stor*d. 
And  Rome  being  w^i'out  crownes,  all  rose  from  bord ; 
The  revells  break  up,  and  theire  leaves  they  take. 
But  first  enquire  among  themselves  they  make 
Which  of  them  all,  because  they  all  had  wonn, 
And  that  the  dice  on  theire  sides  only  run, 
Had  playd  but  one  false  trick  ;  and  found  at  last 
That  Romtf  threw  false  dice  in  at  every  cast. 
For  this  shee  never  blusht    But  only  swore 
Shee  would  with  these  .4.  Gamesters  play  noe  more. 
Whome  will  shee  play  with  then  ?     If  dice  goe  trew. 
At  her  owne  game  Rome  will  her  selfe  undoe. 


We  do  not  apprehend  that  the  rerses 
tllnde  to  any  particular  series  of  events, 
bat  rather  to  the  general  struggle  with 
Popery  maintained  b^  the  Protestant 
sovereigns.  The  period  of  the  execu- 
tion of  this  caricature  must  have  been 
between  the  accession  of  Charles  the 
First  in  1625  and  the  death  of  Gus- 
tavQS  Adolphns  in  1632.  The  English 
king  resemDles  his  early  portraits,  be- 
fore his  beard  was  grown. 


It  may  be  useful,  as  opportunities 
occur,  to  take  note  of  any  early  cari- 
catures which,  like  this,  are  connected 
with  English  history.  The  industrious 
J.  P.  M^colm,  who  wrote  "  A  History 
of  the  Art  of  Caricaturinff,**  (1813, 
4to.)  does  not  notice  any  such  of  a  date 
earlier  than  the  reign  of  Charles  I. 
excepting  one  in  allusion  to  the  defeat 
of  the  Spanish  armada  and  the  dis- 
covery 01  the  Gunpowder  plot. 


*  This  appears  in  the  print  to  be  the  five  of  Clubs. 

t  Then  thirdly  followed  heaving  of  the  maw, 
A  game  without  civility  or  law. 
An  odious  play,  and  yet  in  court  oft  scene, 
A  sawcy  Knave  to  trump  both  King  and  Queene. 

Sir  John  Hmington*9  Epigrams ,  iv,  12. 


28 


A  MIDLAND  TOWN  IN  THE  REIGN  OF  GEORGE  THE  THIRD. 

Muiic  and  Friends;  or,  Pleaiant  Recollections  of  a  Dilettante.  By  William  Gardiner, 
Author  of  Sacred  Melodies,  Oratorio  of  Jadah,  Masic  of  Nature,  &o.  &c.  Vol.  III. 
1853.    8to. 


FEW  provincial  "dilettanti"  have 
attained  so  wide  a  celebrity  as  the  ve- 
teran author  of  "  Music  and  Friends.** 
Mr.  Gardiner  may  well  talk  of  his 
**  friends,**  for  the  chief  business  of  a 
long  life  appears  to  have  been  the  very 
pleasant  one  of  ac(]^uiring  them,  and 
nis  amiable  disposition  and  agreeable 
talents  have  ensured  him  as  large  a 
measure  of  success  as  is  consistent  with 
this  ever-fading  condition  of  mortality. 
He  has  made  as  many  friendships  as 
could  well  be  crowded  into  fourscore 
years.  To  his  "  Sacred  Melodies,** 
which  he  published  forty  years  aeo,  he 
had  (he  tells  us)  four  hundred  and  four 
subscribers,  only  twenty-four  of  whom 
are  now  alive.  As  subscribers  to  the 
present  work  he  places  upon  record 
the  names  of  one  hundred  and  seventy- 
eight  persons,  all  of  whom,  with  the 
exception  of  four  or  five,  "  he  has  the 
honour  to  call  his  personal  friends.** 
When  now,  at  the  age  of  eighty-three, 
he  ofiers  "  his  last  work  to  their 
attention,  they  will  gladly  renew  the 
"pleasant  recollections**  which  were 
contained  in  his  former  volumes,  and 
not  merely  pardon,  but  cordially  wel- 
come, the  agreeable  garrulity  and  self- 
gratulations  of  old  age. 

Air.  Grardiner  is  a  native  of  the  town 
of  Leicester,  in  which  he  has  been  a 
resident  durinjf  the  whole  of  his  life ; 
not,  however,  insensible  to  the  attrac- 
tions of  travel,  or  to  any  of  the  events 
which  have  been  transacted  on  the 
great  public  stage  during  h'ls  prolonged 
career.  In  liberality  of  sentiment, 
avidity  for  information,  and  readiness 


to  embrace  every  rational  improve- 
ment, he  has  ever  been  a  true  citizen  of 
the  world.  To  those  who  are  acquainted 
with  the  former  volumes  of  "  Music 
and  Friends,***  (which  were  published 
in  1838,)  it  is  unnecessary  to  describe 
the  present :  to  others  we  need  only 
say  tnat  all  three  form  a  pleasant  mis- 
cellany of  musical,  political,  and  gene- 
ral anecdote,  interspersed,  at  intervals 
of  every  fifteen  or  twenty  pages,  with 
pieces  of  music  of  the  author*s  own 
composition  or  adaptation.! 

Having  on  a  previous  occasion  drawn 
at  some  length  upon  Mr.  Gardiner*s 
stock  of  personal  anecdotes,  we  pro- 

Sose  now  to  bring  together  some  oi  his 
escriptive  notices  of  the  town  of  Lei- 
cester in  his  early  days.  Changes  in 
manners,  and  the  arts  of  life,  steaiupon 
us  so  insensibly  yet  so  continually,  that 
it  is  only  when  we  take  our  stand  and 
look  back  to  an  earlier  epoch  that  we 
can  really  appreciate  the  astonishing 
alterations  wnich  even  the  lapse  of  half 
a  century  effects. 

Such  a  retrospect,  as  regards  an  im- 
portant Engb'sh  town,  we  are  enabled 
to  take,  from  the  life-experience  of 
Mr.  Gardiner,  in  whose  early  youth 
the  "  improvements"  of  Leicester  be- 

fan  by  the  removal  of  its  ancient  gates, 
ts  first  venturing  forth  from  out  its 
walls  he  traces,  however,  to  a  some- 
what earlier  cause : — 

When  the  plague  raged  here  in  1669, 
the  high  road  from  Uie  North,  which 
passed  by  the  Abbey,  was  turned  through 
Belgrave,  and  so  on  to  Leicester,  outside 
the  walls,  to  avoid  the  pestilence.    Hence 


*  They  were  reviewed  at  length  in  our  voL  XI.  2S7-S39. 

t  "The  Songs  are  specimens  of  old-fashioned  poetry, — as  Isaac  Walton  says, 
'  choicely  good,'  to  which  I  have  composed  appropriate  airs."  (Preface  to  vol.  iii.) 
This  has  ^en  the  principal  amusement  of  Mr.  Gardiner's  life.  In  his  Sacred  Melodies 
the  anonymous  pieces  are  his  own.  He  relates  that  in  1821,  at  the  York  Festival,  tlie 
trio,  7^  lord  will  eow^finri  ZUm,  was  performed,  and  put  down  in  the  books  as  the 
eompoeltion  of  Haydn,  although  written  by  himself.  "  Perhaps  (he  adds)  it  has  been 
■  fidse  modesty  in  me  not  to  affix  my  name ;  but,  to  prevent  any  mistake,  and  as  a 
general  answer  to  these  inquiries,  I  say  that  every  recitation,  symphony,  song,  and  cho- 
nu  withoQt  a  name  is  my  composition.  In  the  Music  of  Nature,  Music  and  Friends, 
nd  Sights  in  Italy,  there  are  more  than  fifty  songs  composed  by  me,  betides  many  of 
iatriiisie  marit  that  I  have  shortened  and  improved  by  cutting  out  old-fashioned  flou- 

'     BOW  dba^te."  (p.  379.) 


1853.]     A  Midland  Town  in  the  Reign  of  George  the  Third.  29 

aroM  the  subarbs  of  the  BelgraTe-gate,  leU  pigeons,  a  great  article  of  food  brought 

Church-gate,  and  Hamberstone-gate.  The  from  the  open  corn-fields  that  surrounded 

principal  inns  near  the  High  Cross  were  Leicester  in  all  directions.t    Opposite  the 

deserted,  and  the  Three  Crowns  and  Three  Post-office  there  was  a  grove  of  trees, 

Cranes,    in  Gallowtree-gate,  became  the  under   which    stood  the   small  thatched 

diief   resort   for  traTellers.    The  town,  inn  called  the  Jolly  Miller.     Between  this 

within  the  walls,  was  at  that  time  not  more  and  the  coal- yard  at  the  back  of  Rutland- 

than  a  quarter  of  a  mile  square.   The  four  street  was  a  horse-pond,  where  the  porters 

gates  were  taken  down  in  1774.   Over  the  from  the  Crowns  and  the  Cranes  washed 

East-gate  there  was  an  upper  story,  which  their  horses.    All  these  rural  features  have 

made  the  opening  so  low,  that  a  loaded  disappeared.    As   our  manufactures   and 

waggon  could  not  pass  under   it.    The  population  have  increased,  the  ground  has 

[street  called]  Church-gate  was  the  town  become  too  valuable  to  allow  these  sylvan 

ditch,   full  of  mire,  with  a  few  houses  ornaments  to  remain. 

standing  on  the  eutern  bank  The  bonwi  ;„  onHnary  times  there  was  UtUe  to 
were  Jl  made  of  wood  and pUeter  not  ^  ^  ^^  /„  ;  ^  ^  ,^_ 
more  than  two  storeys  high.*  1  he  varieties  v  .  "^  i.  ^  ^  j  \i.  . 
of  roof  and  gables  lingeing  upon  one  ano-  ^'"g  .townsmen,  who  transacted  their 
ther,  gave  the  old  place  a  picturesque  ap-  morning  business,  eat  their  noontide 
pearance.  The  chief  street  was  High  Cross-  meal,  and  basked  m  the  afternoon  sun- 
atrect,  where  stood  the  building  of  the  Old  shine,  with  their  pipe  and  tankard,  in 
Cross,  which  left  scarcely  room  for  a  car-  unmolested  monotony.  But  on  the 
riage  to  pass.  In  the  High-street  was  a  recurrence  of  a  general  election  their 
manaion  built  of  stone,  belonging  to  the  passions  were  excited  into  unmitigated 
Huntingdon  famUy,  called  the  Lord's  fury.  The  corporation  was  Jacobite, 
House,  of  which  only  one  turret  remains,  ^^g  neighbouring  gentry  chiefly  Whigs. 
■Pf  f^,^''*'^  brick,  and  the  highest  ^  memorable  struggle  for  a  county 
t^^'^^' lTLAZ^r:t^^^  member  took  pla^^^^  1775,  in  whic^ 
the  town.  Opposite  to  the  Borough  gaol  ^ur  author  s  father, 
(which  was  made  out  of  St.  Peter's  church)  being  an  active  person,  and  a  great  friend 
were  the  elm-trees,  two  gigantic  fellows,  of  constitutional  liberty,  was  entrusted 
who  stretched  their  arms  completely  across  with  untold  gold  to  bribe  the  voters  in  the 
the  street.  In  summer  time  they  formed  cause  of  Mr.  Pochin,  the  Whig  candidate, 
a  pleasant  shade,  where  many  a  pot  of  Scarcely  a  person  could  be  found  who  did 
stoat  October  regaled  the  idlers  of  that  not  enter  into  the  contest  with  ungovem- 
day.  Next  to  King  Richard's  House  able  warmth,  and  the  females  especially, 
stood  a  remarkably  tall  holly  :  its  smooth  who  were,  in  their  electioneering  fervour, 
silver  stem,  witii  bushy  top,  greatly  decked  out  profusely  in  parti-colour^ 
mounted  above  the  houses.  Just  below  silks  and  ribbons.  The  contest  continued 
the  Confrater's  house  was  a  row  of  mas-  through  several  weeks,  and,  powerful  as 
sive  chestnut  trees,  hiding  some  wretched  the  country  gentlemen  were  on  the  Liberal 
buildings.  On  this  spot  stood  the  white  side,  the  Corporation  [and  Mr.  Hunger- 
houses,  built  by  our  townsman  Johnson,  ford]  triumphed,  and  Mr.  Pochin  lost  his 
who,  I  believe,  visited  Italy  after  he  had  election. 

become  a  London  banker,  and  introduced         Another  scene  of  drunkenness  and  riot 

the  art  of  stuccoing — probably   the  first  was  the  contest  of  Parkyns  and  Montolieu 

instance  of  its  being  used  in  England.  [for  the  town  of  Leicester  in  1790],  which 

In  the  Market  Place  was  the   Pigeon  lasted  many  weeks  *,  and,  had  not  a  com- 

Tree,  under  which  country-women  sat  to  promise  taken  place,  numbers  would  have 


*  Im  his  first  volume,  p.  B9,  Mr.  Gardiner  remarks,  "  I  suppose  it  was  about  the 
year  1700  that  the  vast  tracts  of  clay  which  lie  in  the  South  Fields  were  discovered, 
whidi  led  to  the  making  of  bricks  ;  for  we  do  not  find  any  buildings  made  of  these 
materials  farther  back  than  the  date  1708,  which  appears  on  the  Great  Meeting."  He 
goes  OB  to  remark  that  the  Blue  Boar,  in  which  Richard  III.  is  said  to  have  lodged 
before  bia  fatal  battle  of  Bosworth,  was  of  framed  timber,  plastered  over,  "  except  the 
chimney,  which  was  built  of  brick,  of  a  peculiar  make,  no  doubt  imported  from  Hol- 
land." We  doubt,  however,  1st,  whether  that  house  was  so  old  as  Richard  III.,  and, 
2ndly,  whether  the  chimney  was  so  old  as  the  house.  See  views  of  it  in  our  Magazine 
for  July,  1837. 

t  — "  every  farmer  had  his  dovecot,  and  immense  quantities  were  brought  to  market 
every  Saturday,  and  sold  under  the  Pigeon- tree,  a  tall  spreading  sycamore  that  stood 
near  the  top  of  the  Market-place,'*  We  take  this  passage  from  Mr.  Gardiner's  first 
f  olame,  p.  92. 


M> 


I  VU&i W  TWn  in  the  Seign  of  George  the  Tliird.      [July, 


*v«(  itwii  ti\iDiik,  *<i4  mv^«Mt  half  the  town 
^%mlil  ^vv  b«<*u  Jk«tn>T«4.  The  fotea 
^u^  iu>4kiN  Nk'tukowL  IhV  madneM  of  the 
)A4iti««  itH^mmnl  as  lh«  ikUUivjc  drew  near 
la  a  oUmm»  .  4Usl.  u«  «ate  the  town  from 
iurth«i  tttmuU  aud  dv*iV^)er,  it  was  agreed 
ibat  g«k'h  ^*ih  %hv»«i)d  withdraw  a  candidate. 
IIm)  tmimcul  the  hitherto  i\»ntending  mobs 
«aw  th^t  th9r«  waa  ai\  end  put  to  their 
druiik«uu<j«M«  they  vvrdially  united  to  be 
vevvugiHi  sMi  the  eandidatea.  The  Ez- 
chau^u  and  the  iVm^ert  Room,  where  the 
iHMUiuiitvea  aat»  were  iiutautlj  gutted.  The 
aivhi^va  v^l  the  i'or|u>ration,  with  the  11- 
hraiv  v>l'  luuiuci  were  torn  to  pieces,  and, 
with  ihtf  ittUAioal  iuttrumeiits,  were  com- 
lutlted  tv»  the  llauiea  of  a  large  bonfire  in 
the  Mai  ketidM'e.  If  a  troop  of  horse  had 
liut  at  that  luomeut  entered,  dispersing  the 
\«retc^WM  iu  all  directions,  the  consequences 
lui^ht  have  been  dreadful. 

I^V\tm  the  |H>litie8  of  Leicester  we 
iuru  to  itri  religion,  which  partook 
lio'gol^  ot*  the  principles  of  Dissent, 
oi'igiuatiiig  (Voiu  the  great  secession  of 
NvOivHtutonuists  in  1662,  when  fortj- 
laiu  luiuisters  in  Leicestershire,  and 
u«  iuaik.v  iu  Northamptonshire,  relin- 
i|uiaho((  their  livings,  and  for  the  most 
|Mtrl  gMihered  round  them  their  inde- 
IH^iUmt  iHiugregations. 

As  iu  the  time  of  Luther  psalmody  was 
a  ralljflnf-point  among  seceders,  so,  the 
Ureal  Meeting  in  Leicester  being  the 
iieulre  ttinn  which  the  love  of  religious 
iiherif  emanated,  psalm-singing  became 
iirevaient  among  the  pious  families.  The 
lUQea  were  of  the  most  lugubrious  cast ; 
hill,  as  the  age  softened  from  rigid  Pun- 
laiiisnii  more  sprightly  airs  found  their 
way  Into  the  conventicles.  My  father,  a 
great  luver  of  music,  who  assisted  as  an 
aiuatrur  performer  at  the  coronation  cere- 
UMMiiea  of  (}eorge  IU.,  was  the  first  to  in- 
1^  a  niort*  eheerful  style  into  the  singing 
«|  the  Cireat  Meeting.  This  is  alluded  to 
In  Nieholi*s  History  of  Leicestershire, 
where  the  ohoir  is  spoken  of  as  "  forming 
«  luusioal  society,  cultivated  with  great 
(^rei  and  justly  celebrated  for  its  excel  • 
Wttoe.*'  Thi>  is  the  more  remarkable,  u 
Ihe  Ht'otoh  Presbyterians  have  shown  a 
l^lal  neglect  of  sacred  music  in  their  wor- 
akiPi  even  to  this  day. 

It  may  be  said  I  was  nursed  in  psal- 
igoil(y.  ,  .  .  My  chief  merit  lay  in  the  ob- 
xlona  pleasure  I  took  in  singing,  and  it 


was  evident  that  I  sang  from  the  heart. 
With  what  pleasure  did  I  hear  the  church 
bells  announce  the  return  of  the  sabbath  I 
Sunday  mornings  then  were  gay  among 
the  lower  orders.  Every  one  appeared  in 
a  bright  suit  of  clothes,  and,  as  the  culti- 
vation  of  flowers  was  then  a  prevalent  taste, 
many  had  pinks  or  roses  stuck  in  the  but- 
ton-holes of  their  coats — some  came  to 
chapel  with  flowers  in  their  mouths.  After 
service,  I  frequently  went  vrith  my  father 
to  see  their  nicely-kept  gardens,  all  of 
which  have  now  unhappily  disappeared. 
I  never  can  forget  the  mournful  ditties  of 
our  forefathers,  which  gave  a  tinge  to  my 
early  thoughts. 

The  week-daj  amusements  of  the 
elder  Mr.  Grardiner  were  sometimes  of 
a  diflferent  complexion : — 

Wrestling  was  then  considered  a  manly 
accomplishment  among  gentlemen,*  and,  as 
my  father  was  strong  and  active,  he  was 
persuaded  to  accept  a  challenge  from  Mr. 
Carr  the  banker,  who  teased  him  to  try 
his  strength  in  this  way,  though  very  con- 
trary to  his  known  taste  and  habits.  The 
match  took  place  in  public,  agreeable  to 
the  fashion  of  the  day,  when  the  man  of 
mdney  was  presently  thrown,  greatly  to 
the  astonishment  of  the  by-standers. 

The  dress  of  that  time  has  wholly  dis- 
appeared, Mv  father  wore  his  hair  in 
imitation  of  the  enormous  frigs  worn  by 
the  higher  circles.  My  mother  had  a  high 
cushion  placed  on  her  head,  over  which 
the  front  hair  was  combed,  to  join  that 
behind.  When  propped  up  on  a  pair  of 
high-heeled  shoes,  she  looked  more  like  a 
giantess  than  a  middle-sized  woman.  .  .  . 

Our  victories  at  sea,  during  the  Ame- 
rican war,  BO  raised  the  enthusiasm  of  the 
country,  that  many  entered  the  navy  to 
partake  of  the  national  glory,  and  the  short- 
kneed  breeches  were  laid  aside  for  the 
sailor's  trousers.  This  alteration  had  a 
great  effect  upon  the  Leicester  trade. 
Stockings  were  shortened  into  half-hose, 
and  what  we  lost  in  the  length  of  stock- 
ings the  Yorkshire  clothier  gained  in  the 
increased  length  of  cloth  in  the  trousers. 
This  circumstance  entirely  destroyed  the 
manufacture  of  those  beautiful  and  curious 
stockings,  which  till  then  fashion  was  con- 
tinually changing  with  the  utmost  variety .f 

At  that  time  we  were  not  so  thick  upon 
the  ground  ss  at  present,  the  whole  popu- 
lation being  not  more  than  ten  thousand. 
There  was  less  luxury  and  more  leisure. 


•  9ir  Thomas  Parkins,  of  Bunney,  was  a  great  patron  of  the  sport,  and  wrote  a 

nki^oBit. 

41|NM  described  in  Mr.  Gardiner's  first  volume,  p.  91 :   "The  manufacture  in 
4ir  chMhr  eonaiited  in  making  pink  stockings  for  the  lower  order,  and  for  the 
|ltf|>eoloand.  with  scarlet  clocks." 


1853.]     A  Midland  Totm  in  the  Reign  of  George  the  Third.         31 


We  had  numerous  feasts  in  the  coarse  of 
the  fear.  There  was  the  venison  feast, 
the  tradesmen's  feast,  the  florists'  feast, 
the  singers'  feast,  and  many  others,  at 
which  Tast  libations  of  ale  were  consumed. 
The  grandest  entertainment  was  the 
Major's  Feast,  which  began  at  three 
o'clock,  with  a  whet  of  collared  brawn  to 
sharpen  the  appetite  for  dinner  at  four. 
The  table  was  amply  served  with  an  abun- 
dance of  game,  sent  by  the  gentry  of 
the  county,  which,  with  a  pipe  of  wine 
from  the  town  funds,  kept  the  more  loyal 
part  till  three  in  the  morning. 

Wakes  and  fairs  were  continually  oc- 
curring, in  which  the  lower  orders  in- 
dulged in  all  sorts  of  sports,  as  cock- 
throwing,  football,  and  single-stick.  The 
workpeople  had  their  clubs,  foot-ales,  and 
candle-blocks.  The  farmers  had  their 
sheep-shearing,  may-poles,  and  harvest- 
cart.  In  the  upper  classes  dancing  and 
cards  prevailed ;  but  the  grand  amuse- 
ment among  the  gentry  was  cock-fighting. 
The  mains  to  be  fought  were  advertised  in 
every  paper,  and  were  as  common  as  the 
cricket-matches  at  this  time.  Sometimes 
one  hundred  cocks  were  slaughtered  in  a 
day.  The  theatre  of  this  amusement, 
caUed  the  Cock-pit,  stood  where  now 
stand  the  Assembly  Rooms.  Even  men 
of  rank  and  faishion  joined  in  this  cruel 
sport,  and,  like  our  Saxon  ancestors, 
hunted  all  day  and  drank  all  night.  The 
milder  sports  were  angling,  bowling,  and 
archery.  Of  domestic  music  there  was 
none.  It  was  a  rare  thing  to  meet  with  a 
jingling  spinnet  or  a  harpsichord.  It  is  to 
the  invention  of  the  pianoforte  that  we 
must  ascribe  the  brilliant  and  expressive 
effects  of  modern  art,  and  the  general 
spread  of  a  musical  taste  in  all  ranks  of 
society. 

Card  and  dancing  assemblies  were  ad- 
vertised every  fortnight  throughout  half 
the  year,  to  which  the  Dissenters  did  not 
subscribe.  Some  subscription  concerts 
were  set  on  foot,  and,  being  a  novelty, 
were  warmly  countenanced,  the  avowed 
object  being  music.  The  serious  dissent- 
ing families,  for  the  first  time,  joined  in 
the  amusement,  though  the  entertainment 
was  to  end  in  a  ball. 

The  abter  of  the  sinser  Greatorex  * 
was  the  organist  of  St.  Martinis  church, 
and  had  an  annual  concert,  supported 
by  thote  "four  sons  of  harmony," 
»u-tleman,  Harrison,  Knevett,  and 
Greatorex — ^the  last  her  own  brother — 


This  took  place  in  the  assize  week,  and 
was  fully  attended  by  the  county  families. 
As  vocalists  they  were  the  most  perfect  set 
of  English  singers  that  ever  joined  voices 
together.  Bartleman,  for  tone  and  expres- 
sion, has  never  been  approached.  His 
enunciation  was  bold  and  intrepid,  having 
all  the  force  of  elocution  added  to  the 
power  of  song 

One  morning's  entertainment  was  a  visit 
to  St.  Martin's  organ,  to  hear  Greatorex 
perform  upon  that  noble  instrument.  He 
excelled  in  playing  Handel's  chorusses,  with 
a  fulness  and  weight  of  tone  never  heard 
from  any  other  hand. 

These  gifted  spirits  rusticated  with  us 
every  year ;  and  in  their  evening  parties  I 
was  enlisted  to  take  a  part  in  ^e  madri- 
gals, and,  as  I  could  sing  at  sight,  a  praise 
was  accorded  to  me  which  I  did  not  expect. 

In  the  public  cultivation  of  science 
and  literature  Leicester  was  behind 
other  places,  though  latterly  it  has  as- 
serted its  public  s|)irit  most  nobly  in 
its  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society 
and  its  Municipal  Museum. 

When  I  was  a  young  man  (relates  Mr. 
Gburdiner),  we  had  a  small  society  in  Lei- 
cester, called  the  Adelphi,  for  the  discus- 
sion of  philosophical  subjects,  and  which 
was  put  down  by  the  authorities  of  the 
town  soon  after  the  breaking  out  of  the 
French  Revolution,  as  it  was  rumoured 
that  we  talked  politics.  From  that  time 
no  society  or  meeting  for  scientific  pur- 
poses existed  in  Leicester  till  the  Literary 
and  Philosophical  Society  was  established 
in  1835,  and  in  this  respect  it  was  behind 
most  other  towns  of  the  same  size  and 
importance. 

Mr.  Gardiner  expresses  a  decided 
opinion  that  in  his  boyish  days  "  the 
summers  were  much  hotter,  and  the 
winters  colder,  than  now." 

Upon  the  first  appearance  of  a  sharp 
frost,  which  often  took  place  early  in  No- 
vember, every  boy  was  elated  at  the  thought 
of  a  long  winter,  in  which  he  could  learn 
to  skate,  a  pleasure  that  had  no  bounds. 
The  art  was  brought  to  Leicester  by  the 
French  and  Dutch  prisoners,  and  was  much 
taken  to  and  enjoyed  by  all  ranks,  as  a 
manly  exercise. 

The  winter  of  1783  was  so  intense,  and 
of  such  long  continuance,  that  a  party  of 
the  best  skaters  got  up  a  dramatic  panto- 
mime, which  they  performed  upon  the 
broad  sweep  of  the  river  opposite  to  the 


*  Mr.  Gardiner  has  related  the  history  of  the  Greatorex  family  in  his  first  volume, 
p|i.  8  f<  9§q,  Miss  Greatorex  was  appointed  organist  of  St  Martin's,  at  the  age  of 
thlrfeeeat  on  the  first  erection  of  the  organ,  in  1774. 


32  A  3Iidland  Town  in  the  Reign  of  George  the  Third,      [Jul}') 

with  a  pillion  behind  the  saddle  for  ladies; 
and,  for  the  convenience  of  mounting  and 
dismounting,  horse-blocks  were  placed  in 
different  parts  of  the  town. 

The  first  stage-coach  was  begun  by  Mr. 
Needhara.  It  started  from  the  Gateway, 
Town-hall-lane,  on  Monday  morning,  with 
six  long-tailed  black  horses ;  arrived  in 
London  on  the  Wednesday ;  and  returned 
to  Leicester  on  Saturday. 

When  a   young  man  my   father  was 

S laced  in  the  house  of  Chamberlain  and 
urgess,  then  the  greatest  stocking-manu- 
facturers in  the  town.  The  carrier,  Goste- 
low,  used  to  bring  a  string  of  eight  or  ten 
horses  to  the  door  to  be  loaded  with  goods 
for  I^ncashire  and  Yorkshire :  the  first 
horse  was  hung  round  with  musical  bells, 
to  the  sound  of  which  the  others  steadily 
followed  ;  and  in  this  way  Leicester  goodis 
were  carried  to  all  parts  of  the  kingdom. 

The  milk  was  borne  from  door  to  door 
upon  the  heads  of  women.  The  bread  was 
carried  in  panniers  (a  term  which  signifies 
a  bread-basket)  slung  on  each  side  a  horse. 
The  coals  were  brought  from  Coleorton 
on  the  backs  of  horses,  and  so  continued 
until  the  canal  was  formed  in  179l|  by 
which  the  Derbyshire  coal  was  first  intro- 
duced into  our  town. 


Bath  Gardens.  Harlequin  and  Columbine 
were  represented  by  the  fleetest  skaters. 
They  were  followed  by  Pantaloon  and  Jus- 
tice Guttle.  There  had  been  just  esta- 
blished a  set  of  noisy  watchmen  in  the 
town,  with  their  great  coats,  rattles,  and 
lanthorns.  These  gentry  formed  part  of 
the  dramatis  pertontf.  Besides  these  were 
lailors,  milkmaids,  gipsies,  and  ballad- 
singers,  who  sang  and  sold  droll  songs, 
written  for  the  occasion.  Nuns  and  friars 
were  not  forgotten.  The  devil  pursuing 
the  baker  caused  much  laughter,  as  hia 
Satanic  majesty  with  his  long  tail  rushed 
through  the  crowd. 

A  still  less  refined  amusement  among 
the  lower  classes  at  Leicester  was  that 
called  "  the  Whipping  Toms  :" — 

Within  the  precincts  of  the  castle  there 
is  a  large  open  space,  called  the  Newarke, 
where  crowds  of  the  lower  orders  resort 
on  Shrove  Tuesday  for  a  holiday.  In  my 
father's  time  the  sports  were  cock-throw- 
ing, single  stick,  wrestling,  &c.  and  pro- 
bably the  practice  we  are  about  to  speak 
of  arose  from  a  difficulty  in  clearing  the 
square  of  the  people  in  order  to  close  the 
gates.  On  the  ringing  of  the  bell  crowds, 
chiefly  young  persons,  begin  to  assemble, 
armed  with  long  sticks,  used  only  as 
weapons  of  defence.  About  three  o'clock 
the  Whipping  Toms  arrive,  three  stout 
fellows,  furnished  with  cart- whips,  and  a 
man  with  a  bell  runs  before  them  to  give 
notice  of  their  approach.  The  bell  sound- 
ing, the  floggers  begin  to  strike  in  every 
direction,  to  drive  the  rabble  out  at  the 
gates ;  but  they  are  opposed  and  set  at 
defiance  by  hundreds  of  men  and  boys, 
who  defend  their  legs  with  sticks.  The 
mob  so  tease  and  provoke  the  flagellators 
that  they  lay  about  them  unmercifully, 
often  cutting  through  the  stockings  of  the 
assailants  at  a  stroke.  This  amusement, 
if  so  it  can  be  called,  is  continued  for 
several  hours,  the  combatant  being  driven 
ftrom  one  end  of  the  garrison  to  the  other, 
forrounded  by  crowds  of  idle  women  and 
spectators.  Attempts  have  been  made  to 
get  rid  of  this  rude  custom,  but  without 
effect,  as  some  tenure  is  maintained  by  it. 

The  means  of  locomotion,  nnd  the 
consequent  supply  of  provisions  and 
other  necessaries  of  life,  were  limited 
to  a  decree  that  now  appears  almost 
incredible : — 

In  my  father's  time,  only  two  gentle- 
men's carriages  were  kept  in  Leicester, 
one  by  the  recorder,  Wright,  and  the  otber 
br  Mr.  Lewis,  the  principal  hosier  in  the 
IHtce.  Thoie  in  the  iipp«r  ranks,  who  did 
BOC  anilre  so  high,  kq>t  what  was  called 
a  dcNule^honey  a  itrong  steady  animal; 
4 


Another  feature  of  Mr.  Gardiner's 
early  days,  which  is  strange  to  the 
present  generation,  was  the  military 
aspect  of  the  country,  when  **  march- 
ing regiments"  filled  the  high  roads 
instead  of  occupying  a  special  train  : 

During  the  American  war  vast  num- 
bers of  troops  passed  through  our  town, 
on  their  way  to  the  western  world.  In 
summer  time  they  arrived  in  the  evening, 
covered  with  dust,  and  set  off  again  in  the 
morning  with  their  bright  implements  of 
war.  The  whole  population  was  roused 
on  these  occasions.  Crowds  of  young  girls 
were  up  by  day-break  to  join  the  brave 
fellows  and  accompany  them  as  they 
marched  out  of  town,  which  they  did  for 
miles  before  they  possibly  could  part  .  .  . 

It  is  difficult  to  conjecture  why  Ldoea- 
ter  never  rose  to  a  military  station.  Bar- 
racks were  built  in  many  large  towns  about 
us,  as  Northampton,  Nottingham,  and 
York.  Yet  our  laiwes  were  seldom  treated 
with  the  animating  sight  of  those  men  of 
war. 

Sometimes,  however,  a  marching 
regiment  was  quartered  in  the  town, 
and  in  Mr.  Ganliner*s  xxxviii  th  chap- 
ter he  gives  some  pleasant  reminis- 
cences of  the  results  of  their  flirtations 
with  the  belles  of  Leicester.  There 
were  also  sojourners  of  another  class, 
peculiar  to  a  period  of  warfare,  who 


1853.]  Mr,  Oardiner's  Anecdotes  of  Thomas  Moore. 


33 


apparentlj  had  some  influence,  and 
probablj  not  a  beneficial  one,  upon 
the  habits  and  morals  of  the  town : 

The  ctptared  Bailors  were  sent  on  their 
parole  into  the  midland  counties  ;  and  we 
had  many  of  the  oOBcers  in  Leicester. 
Their  manners  were  strikingly  polite ;  and 
their  accomplishments,  in  masic  and  danc- 
inf ,  procured  for  them  constant  inritatioas 
into  the  best  company.  Sunday  after- 
noon was  the  great  day  of  recreation.  They 
all  assembled  in  Phipps*  field,  on  the  south 
side  of  the  town — now  entirely  covered 
with  houses.  Here  they  amused  them- 
selres  in  active  sports  of  a  novel  kind,  and 
abo  greatly  diverted  the  spectators. 

The  billiard-room  was  the  constant  re- 
sort of  the  French  officers.  An  incident 
occurred  here  that  utterly  destroyed  the 
harmony  between  the  foreigners  and  the 
townspeople.  Soules  was  playing  a  game 
of  billiards  with  John  Fenton  ;  a  dispute 
aroae.  In  which  Fenton  so  grossly  insulted 
Sonlei  that  he  left  the  room,  and  shortly 
retvmed  with  a  brace  of  pistols  and  de- 
manded instant  satisfaction.  The  pistols 
Goaded)  were  thrown  on  the  table  for 
Fenton  to  take  his  choice.  He  dastardly 
seising  one  of  them  ran  away  with  it. 
Sonles  pursued  him  to  the  Green  Dragon, 
where  Fenton  took  shelter.  His  brother 
the  landlord,  a  larg^  stout  man,  endea- 
voured to  thrust  the  Frenchman  ont;  but, 
in  the  scuffle,  Soulez,  who  had  the  other 
pistol  in  his  pocket,  shot  the  landlord  on 
the  spot.  Soulez  was  tried  for  the  murder; 
hot,  as  there  could  have  been  no  previous 
malice  against  the  landlord,  it  was  brought 
in  manslaughter.  When  the  Frenchman 
was  remanded  to  prison,  had  it  not  been 
for  my  father,  and  a  few  others  who  were 
present,  he  would  have  been  torn  to  pieces 
oy  the  mob.  The  sentence  was  submitted 
to  the  judges ;  and  soon  afterwards  Soulez 
received  the  king's  pardon. 

We  find  by  Mr.  Gardiner's  former 
Tolame  that  this  anecdote,  which  is 
here  given  without  a  date,  appertains 
to  Uie  year  1778,  during  the  neight  of 
the  American  war.  It  is  evident  that 
many  of  the  other  particulars  we  have 


quoted  belong  rather  to  the  last  cen- 
tuTj  than  to  the  i>resent,  Mr.  Gardiner 
having  written  with  the  natural  ten- 
dencj  to  cling  to  one*s  earliest  recoI« 
lections.  However  that  may  be,  they 
must  be  regarded  as  valuable  materials, 
supplied  by  an  experienced  and  intel- 
li|^nt  observer,  towards  that  domestic 
history  of  the  country  for  which  the 
writings  of  a  Macaulay  hare  recentlj 
inspired  a  new  taste. 

But,  before  we  take  a  final  leave  of 
Mr.  Gardiner  and  his  "friends,"  we 
must  revert  to  his  interesting  anec- 
dotes of  one  whose  biography  is  now 
occupying  a  large  portion  of  public 
attention.  Among  tne  correspondence 
of  Thomas  Moore  recently  edited  bj 
Lord  John  Russell  there  are  four  letten 
(numbered  186,  193,  266,  and  351) 
addressed  "  to  William  Gardiner,  Esq. 
but  unaccompanied  by  a  word  of  note 
to  intimate  wno  Moore's  correspondent 
was,  or  how  and  when  he  became  ac- 
quainted with  the  Poet.  Now,  we  find 
that  a  friendly  intercourse  subsisted 
for  some  time  between  them,  the  de- 
tails of  which  form  a  very  interesting 
feature  in  the  earlier  portion  of  Mr. 
Gardiner's  memoirs ;  and  we  think  it 
will  be  acceptable  to  the  readers  of  the 
Life  of  Moore  if  we  take  this  oppor- 
tunity of  lading  the  particulars  beifore 
them.  It  will  oe  remembered  that  in 
the  year  1812  Moore  was  resident  at 
Kegworth  in  Leicestershire,  in  order 
to  be  near  his  patron  the  Earl  of  Moinu 
At  that  time,  says  Mr.  (jardiner, 

Mr.  Cheslyn  invited  me  to  spend  a  few 
days  at  Langley  Priory,*  to  meet  the  lyric 
bard,  Mr.  Anacreon  Moore.  The  house 
was  full  of  company  ;  and,  as  the  poet  did 
not  join  in  the  sports  of  the  field,  I  had 
the  great  pleasure  of  walking  out  with  him 
over  some  pleasant  fields  to  Kegworth,  the 
post  town,  where  we  went  for  letters.  In 
returning,  he  read  me  part  of  one  from 
Lord  Moira,  who  was  just  setting  off  to 
lndia,t  written  with  the  affection  and  sen- 


*  Richard  Cheslyn,  esq.  of  Langley  Priory,  died  on  the  13th  Jan.  1843,  aged  79 

iiee  our  vol.  XIX.  p.  333).  Moore  alludes  to  this  visit  in  his  letter  to  Mr.  Gardiner 
Life  of  Moore,  No.  266)  :  "  I  hope  by  this  time  you  have  recovered  from  the  effects  of 
Mr.  Cheslyn's  method  of  teaching  your  young  idea  how  to  shoot,  and  that  you  will  in 
future  keep  out  of  the  way  of  such  uopoetical  things  as  guns,  squires,  rabbits,  &c." 
Mr.  Gardiner  had  unwillingly  joined  a  shooting  party,  and  returned  home  with  some 
ftrsy  riiott  in  hit  knee. 

f  This  seems  to  be  a  misrecoUection  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Gardiner.    Lord  Moira'a 
appointment  as  Governor-general  in  India  took  place  in  Nov.  1812  (see  his  letter  to 
Moore,  No.  203),  but  Moore  moved  from  Leicestershire  to  Derbyshire  in  the  pre- 
ceding Seotember,  and  the  walk  described  in  the  text  occurred  before  Moore's  letter 
GmT.  Mag.  Vol.  XJ^.  F 


34 


Mr.  Gardiner's  Anecdotes  of  Thamcu  Moore,  [July, 


sibility  of  a  father.  Mr.  Moore  was  then 
living  at  Caatle  Donnington,  for  tlie  ad- 
Tantage  he  had  in  consulting  that  noble- 
man's library. 

If  the  weather  proved  anfavourable  for 
walking,  the  ladies  would  prevail  upon  the 
poet  to  sit  down  to  the  piano-forte.  He 
might  be  compared  to  the  poets  of  old  who 
recited  their  verses  to  the  lyre.  His  voice, 
rich  and  flexible,  was  always  in  tune,  and 
Us  delivery  of  the  vrords  neat  and  delidoos ; 
his  manner  of  touching  the  instrument  was 
careless  and  easy ;  his  fingers  seemed  acci- 
dentally to  drop  upon  the  keys,  producing 
a  simple  harmony  just  sufficient  to  support 
the  voice.  In  such  company  his  perform- 
ance was  delightful,  always  indulging  in 
the  amoroso,  a  style  peculiarly  his  own. 

Lord  Tamworth*  came  one  morning, 
with  his  hounds,  and  invited  us  neit  day 
to  Staunton  Harold,  for  dinner.  After 
the  ladies  had  left,  we  had  a  fine  display 
of  Mr.  Moore's  convivial  powers.  His 
Lordship,  a  fine  scholar  and  ben  eivant, 
soon  excited  the  bard,  and  a  richer  feast 
of  classic  mirth  ooidd  not  be  imagined. 
His  Anacreontic  effusions  and  his  corrus- 
cations  of  wit  inflamed  the  company  for 
three  hours  after  the  ladies  had  retired. 

In  the  summer  [i.9,  apparently,  the 
summer  of  1814]  I  paid  a  visit  to  Mr. 
Anacreon  Moore,  when  he  resided  at  May- 
field  Cottage,  Derbyshire.t  He  met  me 
at  the  bri^-foot,  where  I  alighted  from 
the  coach,  a  little  beyond  Ashbonm,  and 
look  me  a  near  way  over  the  fields.  When 
we  came  to  the  top  of  the  hill  which  com- 
manded a  view  of  the  spangled  vale  below, 
I  exclaimed — 

I  can  tail,  by  that  smoke  that  so  gracefdlly  carls 
Above  the  green  elms,  that  yotir  cottage  is  near ! 

He  was  ple-ased  with  the  quotation  (from 
bis  well-known  song  of  The  Woodpecker), 
and  we  stopped  a  few  minutes  to  survey 
the  richness  of  the  landscape.  On  arriving, 
h  was  delightful  to  be  welcomed  by  his 
graceful  wife,  who  was  assiduous  in  enter- 
taining her  company.  The  condition  im- 
posed upon  his  visitors  was  to  tarry  with 
him  only  a  certain  number  of  days,  having 
but  one  spare  nest,  which  was  to  receive 
another  bird  the  moment  the  former  had 
flown.    Another  stipulation  was,  that  im- 


mediately after  breakfast  he  should  be  left 
alone  tiU  within  an  hour  of  dinner ;  he 
was  then  devoted  to  you  for  the  remainder 
of  the  day.  As  he  was  desirous  of  show- 
ing me  the  country,  he  broke  through  his 
plan,  and  formed  a  pic-nic  party  wiUi  a 
neighbouring  family  for  the  next  day.  His 
object  was  to  show  me  the  romantic 
district,  Dovedale,  not  more  than  two  or 
three  miles  from  his  abode.  The  morn- 
ing was  fine,  and  we  had  an  ass  to  carry 
the  provisions.  We  proceeded  by  the  way 
of  Okeover  Hall,  and  I  was  treated  with 
a  sight  of  that  exquisite  painting  the  Ma- 
donna, by  Rafaelle.  In  our  walk  the  most 
beautifiil  spots  were  pointed  out  by  the 
bard.  When  we  lolled  round  our  table- 
cloth, spread  upon  a  luxuriant  bank  by 
the  murmuring  Dove,  it  was  delightful  to 
hear  the  tone  of  his  voice.  He  felt  in- 
spired amid  the  sceuery,  and,  having  psssed 
the  live-long  day,  we  left  the  happy  valley 
with  reluctance,  to  stroll  home  in  the 
evening. 

The  next  morning  I  was  shown  into 
the  library,  and  while  there  a  letter  came 
from  Mr.  Jeffrey,  complimenting  him  upon 
the  learned  review  of  the  Fathers  which  he 
had  written  for  the  Edinburgh  Review. 
So  much  erudition  was  displayed  in  that 
article,  that  the  editor  sent  him  a  carte 
blanche t  pressing  him  to  choose  his  own 
subject,  and  he  should  not  be  surprised  if 
his  next  communication  was  a  learned 
disquisition  on  astronomy. 

He  pat  into  my  hands  a  MS.  book,  in 
the  handwriting  of  Lord  Byron,  a  me- 
morial of  his  extraordinary  life.  I  had 
scarcely  feasted  my  eyes  many  seconds, 
when  a  carriage  drove  up  full  of  ladies,  to 
make  a  morning  call.  He  said,  ^'  I  must 
take  this  book  from  you;  I  dare  not  let  it 
lie  about**  It  was  instantly  put  under  lock 
and  key. 

One  evening  he  sat  down  to  the  piano- 
forte, and  asked  me  to  listen  to  a  song  he 
had  just  written.  Those  evening  bells.  He 
performed  it  with  exquisite  taste;  I  thought 
it  one  of  his  happiest  effusions,  and  a  com- 
Dosition  that  could  only  have  emanated 
from  himself,  in  whom  the  poet  and  the 
musician  were  combined. 

When  I  was  in  town,  negociating  with 


to  Mr.  Gardiner  (No.  186),  which  was  written  in  the  previous  July,  in  which  the  Poet 
tells  him — ^^  I  have  but  just  time  to  thank  you  for  your  beautiful  book  (Vol.  1.  of 
Sacred  Melodies),  which  I  am  playing  through  with  the  greatest  delight.  The  subjects 
are  most  tastefully  selected,  and  admirably  arranged."  The  note  of  Moore  to  Mr. 
Gardiner  (No.  193)  appears  to  have  been  written  the  day  before  he  left  his  Leicester- 
shire residence. 

*  Robert,  only  son  and  heir-apparent  of  Robert  seventh  Earl  Ferrers.  He  died 
before  his  father,  and  without  issue,  in  18SM. 

t  Moore's  letter  (No.  266),  dated  in  Janoary  1814,  contains  a  prospective  invitation 
to  Mayfield  Cottage. 


1 858.3  Letter  ofThomat  Moore  to  Mn.  Gardiner. 


85 


Mr.  Murraj  for  the  publication  of  the 
LiTei  of  Haydn  and  Mozart  [publiihed  by 
Mr.  Gardiner  in  1818]  I  fonnd  Mr.  and 
Iftn.  Moore  in  his  drawiDg-room  looking 
at  Uie  fine  picture  of  Lord  Byron.  They 
were  then  hTing  near  London,  at  the  rural 
village  of  Homsey.  [This  was  in  1817.] 
I  was  kindly  inyited  next  day  to  dinner, 
and  the  poet  described  to  me  a  pleasant 
foot-path  across  the  fields,  which  I  should 
find  more  agreeable  than  the  road.  As 
Mr.  Murray  was  not  at  home  they  de- 
parted. Soon  after  they  were  gone  he 
returned,  and  was  much  mortified,  as  it 
was  the  first  call  they  had  made  him.  I 
nid  I  was  inyited  to  dine  at  Homsey  to* 
morrow,  and  pressed  him  to  go  with  me  : 
ikat  he  would  not  presume  to  do,  but  he 
would  ghre  me  a  commission  to  engage  the 
bard  to  write  a  critique  upon  the  Lives  of 
Haydn  and  Mozart  for  the  next  Quarterly 
Reriew,  and  would  give  him  fifty  guineas 
a  sheet  I  stated  th&  to  Mr.  Moore,  who, 
it  will  be  recollected,  was  then  writing  for 
the  Edinburgh.  He  desired  me  to  say 
'*  it  was  an  extremely  handsome  offer,  but 
he  could  not  think  of  freighting  his  wares 
in  an  enemy's  bottom.*' 

The  path  to  Homsey  I  found  so  intri- 
cate that  I  lost  my  way,  and  did  not  arrive 
till  an  hoiur  after  time.  They  had  sat  down 
to  dinner,  and  when  I  was  apologising 
Mr.  Moore,  in  a  loud  voice,  called  out, 
*'  Red  or  White  ?'*  I  could  not  but  smile, 
and  Mrs.  Moore  was  not  a  little  astonished. 
He  reiterated  still  louder,  Red  or  White  ? 
I  answered,  "  Red,"  and  took  my  place  at 
taUe.  As  soon  as  the  cloth  was  drawn,  I 
explained  to  Mrs.  Moore  that  it  was  an 
allnsion  to  the  Cambridge  tale  which  I 
told  at  Lord  Tamworth's  Uble.* 

After  dinner  we  took  a  walk  in  the 
garden,  and  in  passing  through  a  con- 
servatory there  lay  a  heap  of  books  in  a 
comer.  "  Books  everywhere,"  said  L 
**  Ay,"  he  replied,  "  these  are  the  materiel 
of  Lalla  Rookh;"  and,  taking  up  one,  said, 
*'  This  book  I  bought  at  a  stall  for  three 
pence,  and  it  was  of  great  use  to  me." 
Throwing  it  down  and  taking  up  another, 
"  This  cost  me  half  a  guinea,  and  I  got 
nothing  out  of  it  but  the  '  tortoiseshell 
lanterns.' " 

The  origin  of  Lalla  Rookh  was  an  ap- 
plication made  to  him  by  Messrs.  Long- 
man and  Co.  to  write  for  them  an  epic 
poem,  in  which  there  should  be  no  allusion 
to  the  ancient  classical  authors.  They 
would  be  responsible  for  the  highest  sum 


ever  given  for  an  epic  poem.  Mr,  Perry, , 
it  was  agreed,  should  decide  the  amount, 
which  was  fixed  at  three  thousand  guineaa.t 
He  told  me,  on  executing  this  work,  he 
found  it  infinitely  more  difficult  to  write 
the  prose  introductions  than  the  poetry. 
Upon  those  he  could  scarcely  ever  sati^ 
himself. 

As  I  was  a  little  curious  to  be  let  into 
the  modut  operandi  of  such  intellectual 
tasks,  I  ventured  to  continue  the  con- 
versation, and  observed  that  many  sup- 
posed that  his  verses  slipped  off  his  tongue 
as  if  by  magic,  and  quoted  a  passage  of 
great  ease  and  beauty.  **  Why,  sir,"  he 
replied,  **  tliat  line  cost  me  hours,  days, 
and  weeks  of  attrition  before  it  would 
come  ;"  which  required,  he  said,  the  con- 
stant repetition  of  the  verse  as  he  walked 
up  and  down  the  avenue  in  his  garden. 

Every  one  feels  the  beauty  of  thii 
author's  verse  ;  the  liquid  smoothness  of 
his  numbers  surpasses  everything  pre- 
viously written.  He  is  the  only  example 
of  an  exquisite  ear  for  music  combined 
with  an  elegant  fancy.  Drayton,  Herricky 
Suckling,  Beaumont,  Raleigh,  Lovelace, 
and  Marlow  are  poets  of  this  order,  but 
their  verses  are  not  without  alloy.  The 
composer  meets  with  expressions  that  have 
no  alliance  with  sounds ;  but  in  Moore 
there  is  not  a  word  which  the  music  com- 
poser wishes  to  remove.  On  this  subject 
I  asked  the  bard  who,  in  his  opinion,  was 
the  finest  of  our  lyric  poets  ?  (I  might 
have  said  excepting  himself.)  He  replied. 
Bums  was  the  greatest  that  ever  wrote. 

In  another  place  (vol.  i.  p.  465)  Mr. 
Gardiner  relates  the  circumstances  of 
his  attending  a  levee  at  Carlton  House, 
in  order  to  present  to  the  Prince  Re- 
gent the  first  volume  of  his  Sacred 
Melodies.  This  he  did  at  the  sugges- 
tion of  Moore,  who  offered  him  his  own 
court  suit  for  the  purpose,  and  it  is  to 
the  result  that  the  poet  alludes  in  his 
letter  (Moore,  vol.  li.  p.  6.): — 

The  Prince  was  very  gracious  to  yon» 
and  no  one  can  be  more  so  when  he 
chooses.  To  give  the  devil  his  due,  he  is 
very  fond  of  music,  and  that  is  one  great 
step  towards  redemption,  at  least  where 
you  and  I  are  judges. 

We  must  now  laj  before  the  reader 
a  letter  of  Moore  to  Mr.  Gardiner, 
which  is  not  included  iu  Lord  John 
Russcirs  series,  though,  as  it  appears 


**  Mr.  Gardiner,  when  at  Cambridge,  had  received  a  reception  more  hospitable  than 
ceremonious  from  a  college  wine-party  upon  which  he  stumbled  when  in  search  of  a 
friend. 

t  Ezoept  in  the  figure  of  poundi  for  guineae,  Mr.  Gardiner's  account  of  this  trans- 
action  is  now  confirmed  by  Moore's  noble  biographer,  voL  iL  pp.  58, 110. 


36  Historical  Notes^  cm  the  Retaining  of  Legal  Counsel     [July, 


to  us,  it  is  fully  as  remarkable  as  the 
majority  in  his  work.  Mr.  Gardiner 
had  requested  the  bard  to  write  some 
Terses  to  his  music,  and  Moore  had 
not  merely  assented,  but  had  actually 
commenced  writing  a  song,  when  he 
recollected  the  engagement  which 
bwuid  him  cxdusiTdy  to  the  service 
of  Mr.  Pbwer : — 

KffWWiK  Jfote  U,  1812. 
Dear  Sir, — Tltt  Bane  yon  do  me  the 
hMMMT  of  »«/iiav  the  itfistance  you  ex- 
pect from  me«  the  more  I  Umieat  mj 
thwafhUfjiMXAs  in  offenns  it ;  for  I  oogbt 
to  hare  recollected  \^wlwii  Mks  Dalbj  told 
mt  that  TO«  wished  tome  Terees  of  mine) 
that  1  am  iw  longer  a  free  agctit  in  the 
dhpoaal  of  my  wrioncs — at  kut  of  thoae 
tumtttfd  mUk  $mmsic^  htTiof  girca,  bj 
regalar  deed,  the  monopoly  of  all  snch  pro- 
dttetions  of  mine  to  the  Powen,  of  Loodon 
and  DikUiQ.  Thne  legal  trammels  are  ao 
new  to  mj  muse,  that  she  has  more  than 
onea  forgotten  henelf,  and  been  near 
wandering  into  infidehtr.  Tery  mnch,  I 
aaanre  yoo,  from  the  habit  of  setting  no 
peke  npon  her  &Tours ;  bnt  I  think  too 
will  agree  with  me  that  it  b  worth  while 
keeping  her  within  boonds,  when  I  tell 


yon  that  the  reward  of  her  constancy  is  no 
less  t^ian  jSae  kamdred  a  year  during  the 
time  stipnlated  in  the  deed.  For  not  com- 
plying with  your  request  I  need  offer  no 
better  apology;  bnt  for  inconsiderately 
promising  what  I  could  not  perform,  I 
know  not  what  I  can  say  to  excuse  myself, 
except  that  (and  beliere  me  I  speak  sin- 
cerely) the  strong  wish  I  felt  to  show  my 
sense  of  3rour  merits  made  me  consult  my 
mcHmmtimt  rather  than  my  poirer ;  and  it 
was  not  till  I  had  actually  begun  words  to 
one  of  your  airs  that  I  recollected  the 
fnutpms  I  was  about  to  commit 

I  thank  you  rery  much  for  the  Sermons, 
whidi  I  am  reading  with  great  pleasure, 
and  beg  you  to  beliere  me. 

Very  sincerely  yours, 

Thomas  Moork. 

2b  ITm.  Gardiner,  Esq.,  Leicester. 

The  Sermons  were  those  of  Robert 
Hall,  then  resident  at  Leicester,  and 
in  the  height  of  hb  fame  as  a  preacher, 
and  to  whom,  in  turn,  Mr.  Gardiner 
lent  Moore*s  Sacred  Songs,  when  Mr. 
Hall  rend  them  with  great  delight, 
saying,  **Sir,  I  discoyer  that  he  is 
deeply  i«ad  in  the  Fathers,**  &c.  &c. 
(See  Gardiner,  toI.  ii.  p.  613.) 


HISTORICAL  NOTES  ON  THE  RETAINING  OF  LEGAX.  COUNSEL. 


THE  relation  between  the  bar  and 
the  attorneys  or   solicitors   and    the 
public  hare  been  the  subject  of  much 
attention  and  some  controrersy  during 
the  last  year  or  two.    It  b  pretty  ge- 
nerally known  that  it  b  now  the  esta- 
blished rule  of  legal  practice  that  no 
counsel  should  receive  mstructions  ex- 
cept from  a  solicitor;   and  this  rule 
was  even  sanctioned  by  express  enact- 
ment of  the  legislature  in  the  first  of 
the  late  County  Court  Acts.     This, 
boweTer,  has  since  been  altered,  and 
the  matter  b  again  led  to  the  conven- 
tional determination  of  what  is  called 
••  professional  etiquette." 

Most  persons  are  aware  that  the 
connection  between  the  client  and  his 
cotmsel  was  a  much  closer  one  in  an- 
cient times.    At  present  every  man  of 
poperty  is  in  the  habit  of  employing 
m  all  bis  transactions  an  attorney,  or 
more  frequently  a  firm  of  attorneys ; 
for,  by  means  of  the  institution  of  jwurt- 
iierihip,  the  "family  solicitor"  never 
diet.    When  the  awiatance  of  counsel 
it  required,  the  soUcitor  tflkes  his  "  in- 


stmctioDs  **  or  hb  "  case  for  opinion,** 
with  hb  fees,  where  he  pleases.    In  old 
times  the  closer  relation  was  between 
the  client  and  hb  counsel;  and  the 
attorney,  whose  business  it  was  to  re- 
wesent  hb  principal  in  court  or  solicit 
for  him  in  the  offices  of  the  Chancery, 
was  probably  often  selected  for  the 
occasion  by  the  counsel.  Lithe  Plump- 
ton  Correspondence,  publbhed  by  the 
Camden  Society,  we  have  a  letter  from 
Bryan  Rocliflr,'a  distinguished  coun- 
sellmr  of  the  time  of  Edward  IV.,  and 
subsequenUy  a  baron  of  theExchequ<a', 
to  hb  ^  worshippfnl  maister  1^  Wil- 
liam   Flumpton,  Knt.*"    about   some 
business  in  the  Court  of  Exdieqoer  of 
Shr  WiUiam,  as  ex-sberiff  of  the  coun- 
ties of  Nottingham  and  Derby,  in  which 
his  counsel  informs  him  that,  "  for  to 
be  prepared  in  the  next  tearme,  I  have 
labored  a  felaw  of  mine  to  be  your  at- 
tumey  in  the  court,  for  I  may  nought 
be  but  of  counsell ;  and  he  and  I  shall 
shew  you  such  service  all  that  time 
and  afterward  that  shall  be  pleasing 
unto  you." 


1853.]     Historical  Notes  on  the  Retaining  of  Legal  Counsel,  37 

The  distinction  of  the  branches  of 
the  legal  profession  seems  to  have  taken 
its  rise,  with  so  much  beside  of  our 
le^  forms  and  jurisprudence,  in  the 
reign  of  Edward  I.  In  the  thirteenth 
year  of  that  monarch,  by  the  statute 
of  Westminster  the  second,  liberty  was 
first  generally  given  to  appear  and 
conduct  business  in  the  king*s  courts 
bj  attorney.  The  statute  of  West- 
minster the  first,  ten  years  before,  had 
enacted  "  that  if  any  serjeant,  pleader, 
or  other  f «  md  serjaunt  contour  on 
tmirej  do  any  manner  of  deceit  or  col- 
lusion in  the  king's  court,  or  consent 
to  do  it  in  deceit  of  the  court  to  be- 
guile the  court  or  the  party,  and  thereof 
be  attainted,  he  shall  be  imprisoned 
for  a  year  and  a  day,  and  from  thence- 
forth shall  not  be  heard  in  the  court 
to  plead  Ca  conter)  for  any  man." 

The  book  called  Fleta  (lib.  ii.  c.37) 
describes  the  practitioners  in  the  king's 
court  as  consisting  of  four  classes: 
^  In  Curia  autem  regis  sunt  servientes, 
narratores,  attornati,  et  apprenticii." 
The  author  then  refers  to  the  enact- 
ment of  the  statute  of  Westminster 
last  quoted.  These  four  classes  were, 
Serjeants,  countors  or  pleaders,  attor- 
iie3rs,  and  apprentices  or  students  of 
the  law.  The  second  of  these  classes 
most  requires  explanation.  The  word 
count  still  designates  a  portion  of  the 
pleadings  in  an  action.  These  plead- 
ings were  originally,  and  up  to  the 
time  as  is  supposed  of  Edward  IIL, 
conducted  viva  voce  in  court,  it  may 
be  presumed  by  the  narrator^  instead 
of  being,  as  has  now  been  the  custom 
for  some  five  centuries,  formally  drawn 
up  on  paper.  In  the  "  Mirror  of  Jus- 
tices," a  book  which  belongs  to  the 
reign  of  the  Second  or  Third  Edward, 
the  word  '^  countor"  is  used  of  a  class 
including,  if  not  commensurate  with, 
the  Serjeants.  **  Plusors  sont  que  ne 
scaront  lour  causes  pronouncer  ne  de 
defendre  en  jugement,  et  plusors  que 
[oe]  poient,  et  pur  ceo  sont  countors 
necessarie :  cy  que  ceo  que  plaintifs  et 
actors  ne  poent  ou  ne  scavent  per  eux 
mesmes,  facent  per  lour  Serjeants  ou 
procurators  ou  amies."  And  afler- 
wards:  ^*  Countors  sont  Serjeants  sa- 
cbants  la  ley,  &c."  (Mirror,  c.  ii.  s.  5.) 
The  word  conteur  is  used  in  the  same 
sense  in  the  Grand  Coustumier  de  Nor- 
mandie  (c.  64,  f.  756) — **  Conteur  est 
que  aucun  establit  pour  conter  pour 


lui  en  cort."  The  "  apprentices  "  were 
the  class  out  of  which  our  barristers, 
or  counsel  below  the  bar,  have  sprung. 

The  Mirror  of  Justices  has  a  section 
upon  fees  (de  lovers,  c.  ii.  s.  4,)  which 
may  give  some^  idea  of  the  legal  ex- 
penses of  the  reij^n  of  Edward  II. 
"Those  ministers,'  we  translate  lite- 
rally, "  who  take  their  certain  of  the 
king,  may  not  take  aught  of  any  of  the 
people;  but  those  judges  who  serve  the 
king  in  hope  of  well  doing  (en  espe- 
rance  de  bien  fist?)  may  well  take 
I2d,  of  the  plaintiff  on  the  day  that  he 
have  audience,  and  nought  more,  the 
counter  6</.,  a  knight  witness  or  juror 
6d.j  another  juror  4^.,  and  the  two 
summoners  4c/."  In  a  previous  chap- 
ter the  same  author  classes  the  taking 
by  a  counsel  of  an  outrageous  fee  as 
an  act  of  larceny.  "  En  ceste  peche 
(de  larcene)  chiont  countors  que  per- 
nont  outragious  salary,  ou  nient  de- 
serve, et  que  sont  attaint  de  male 
defence  ou  d'autre  discontinue." 

It  was  anciently  the  custom  for  per- 
sons of  rank  to  employ  counsel  at  a 
yearly  salary  or  fee,  and  such  salaries, 
before  the  uncertainty  of  titles  which 
followed  the  dissolution  of  the  mo- 
nasteries and  other  contemporaneous 
causes  had  brought  so  much  business 
and  profit  to  the  learned  profession, 
probably  formed  a  large  portion  of  the 
income  of  the  Serjeants  and  apprentices 
of  the  law.  Chaucer's  Serjeant  de- 
rived his  wealth  from  this  source  : 

Ot/eti  and  robes  hadde  he  mAiiie  one. 

The  word  "  fee,"  which  now  desig- 
nates the  sum  of  money  marked  on  a 
lawyer's  brief,  or  slipped  into  a  phy- 
sician's hand,  was  once  I  think  properly 
used  only  of  an  annual  or  continuing 
provision  or  salary.  This  is  the  ori- 
ginal sense  of  the  wovd  feoduniy  orfee^ , 
as  applied  to  land  ;  since,  according  to 
the  feudal  system,  all  land  was  always 
held  by  service,  and  "  a  knight's  fee" 
was  the  permanent  provision  for  re- 
taining the  services  of  a  knight.  But 
the  word  feodum  was  not  exclusively 
used  of  land.  In  a  charter  of  Henry  Ul. 
cited  by  Ducange,  we  have  an  example 
of  a  "  money  fee,"  or  salary  :  "  Assig- 
natur  ei  annuum  feodum  xx.  mar- 
carum  annuatim  percipiendum  ad 
scaccarium  nostrum. '  (See  Ducanffe, 
sub  Tocibus  Feudum  camerce^  Feuman 
mmmwmm^  &c.) 


38  Hiitorkai  Notet  on  the  Retaining  of  Legal  Counsel.     [July, 


The  advocates  in  the  Ecclesiastical 
Courts  were  retained  in  a  similar  way. 
Master  Warin  de  Boys  was  engaged  as 
the  advocate  of  Richard  Swinfield, 
bishop  of  Hereford,  in  the  court  of 
arches  at  London,  by  a  bond  dated  on 
the  Idth  Nov.  1287,  and  he  was  as- 
signed an  annual  fee  or  salary  of  six 
marks,  to  be  paid  half-yearly.  John 
of  Canterbury  was  abo  resularly  ap- 
pointed by  bond  to  be  the  bishop*s 
proctor  in  the  same  court,  at  a  yearly 
salary  of  two  marks.* 

The  bishop  employed  one  Roffer 
Caperun  as  his  attorney  at  Westmm- 
ster,  who  was  paid  not  by  a  yearly  fee, 
but  by  occasional  sums  of  6tf.  Set  **  in 
remuneration  of  his  labour.*' 

The  great  nobility  retained  several 
salaried  counsel.  The  Northumber- 
land Household Bookffives  an  account 
of  the  retinue  of  the  Earl  of  Northum- 
berland in  the  beginning  of  the  reign 
of  Henry  VIII.  In  the  "  Kalendar  of 
the  noumbre  of  all  my  lord*s  servaunts 
in  his  cheqirrouli  daily  abiding  in  his 
household,*  we  find  "  two  of  my  lordys 
counsaiil  and  athir  of  them  a  servaunt, 
iiij.  ;**  and  in  the  list  of  "  Wagies  ac- 
customyde  of  my  Lordes  House  occurs 
the  following  entry : — "  Every  oone  of 
my  lordes  counsaiil  to  have  cs,  fee,  if 
he  have  it  in  houshold  and  nott  by 
patentt.** 

In  the  same  book  we  learn  that  even 
when  the  earl  was  living  in  privacy, 
*^  at  such  timis  as  his  lordship  kepith 
his  secrat  houss  at  the  New  Lodge  or 
outherwheir,**  he  could  not  entirely 
dispense  with  his  legal  adviser.  H!e 
was  then  attended  by  a  household  of 
only  forty-two  persons — at  Alnwick 
his  attendants  were  a  hundred  and 
three  score — and  in  this  reduced  court 
was  ^*one  of  my  lordes  counsaiil  for 
aunswering  and  riddyng  of  causis 
whenne  suters  cometh  to  my  lorde.** 

We  do  not  know  how  late  the  custom 
of  retaining**  counsel  in  fee  **  by  private 
individuals  was  in  use.  That  it  lingered 
in  form,  at  least  in  one  ducal  establish- 
ment, until  the  beginning  of  the  last 


century,  is  proved  by  the  deed  poll  of 
which  the  following  is  a  transcript.  It 
is  a  retainer  by  "  the  proud  Duke  of 
Somerset"  of  Cjueen  Anne*s  time,  of 
Sir  Thomas  Parker,  a  serjeant-at-law, 
afterwards  Lord  High  Chancellor,  and 
Earl  of  Macclesfield,Tin  this  traditional 
capacity.  It  is  remarkable  that  the 
honorary  or  nominal  "  fee**  is  less  than 
that  paid  by  the  Bishop  of  Hereford 
four  centuries  before  to  his  ecclesias- 
tical advocate. 

To  all  persons  to  whom  these  presents 
shall  come — ^The  most  noble  Lord  his 
Grace  Charles  Duke  or  Somerset, 
Marquis  and  Earle  of  Hertford,  Viscount 
Beauchampe  de  Hache,  Baron  Seymour  of 
Trowbridge,  Cbancellour  of  the  University 
of  Cambridge,  Master  of  the  Horse  to  her 
Majesty  ,Kmght  of  the  Most  Noble  Order 
of  the  Garter,  and  one  of  hir  Majesties 
Most  Honourable  Privy  Councell,  seadeth 

Seeting,  &c. — Know  ye,  that  1,  the  said 
oke  of  Somerset,  for  the  speciall  trust 
and  confidence  I  have  and  do  repose  in  my 
well-beloved  friend  Sir  Thomas  Parker, 
Knt.  Serjeant-at-Law,  and  for  the  good 
esteem  I  have  of  his  learning  in  the  laws 
of  this  land,  have  constitated  and  retained, 
and  by  these  presents  doe  constitute  and 
retain  him,  the  said  Sir  Thomas  Parker, 
to  be  of  my  standing  councell  in  ffee,  and 
for  bis  good  advice  and  direction  to  me 
and  my  agents  in  businesses  in  matters  of 
law,  I  doe  hereby  give  and  allow  him  the 
yearly  £fee  of  fTour  markes,  to  be  paid  by 
my  Sollicitor  at  the  (feast  of  St.  Michaell 
the  Archangell,  to  continue  during  my  will 
and  pleasure.  Given  under  my  hand  and 
seale  at  Northumberland  House,  this  19th 
day  of  July,  in  the  sixth  year  of  the  reigne 
of  our  Sovereigne  Lady  Anne,  by  the  grace 
of  God  Queen  of  Great  Britain,  France, 
and  Ireland,  Defender  of  the  Ffaith,  &c 
anno  domini  1707. 

Signed — Somerset — and  sealed. 

We  still  occasionally  hear  of  what 
is  called  a  general  retainer,  which  is 
presumed  to  last  for  life.  The  fee  has 
long  been  fixed  at  five  guineas.  There 
is  a  well-known  story  oi  the  celebrated 
Sarah  Duchess  of  Marlborough  send- 
ing Lord  Mansfield,  when  a  jouns 
man  at  the  bar,  a  general  retainer  with 


*  These  bonds  will  be  found  in  the  Appendix  to  the  Household  Expenses  of  Richard 
Swinfield,  Bishop  of  Hereford,  now  being  printed  for  the  Camden  Society,  under  the 
editorship  of  the  Rev.  John  Webb. 

t  Sir  Thomas  Parker  was  called  to  the  degree  of  Seneant-at-law  June  8,  1705,  and 
the  same  day  made  Queen's  Serjeant,  and  knighted.  He  became  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Queen's  Bench,  1709-10;  Lord  Parker,  Baron  of  Macclesfield,  1715.16;  Lord  High 
ChanceUor,  1718  ;  Earl  of  Maocleifleld,  17S1. 


1858.]         Soman  Remains  at  Kingsholm  near  Gloucester*.  39 

a  thousand  guineas.     Of  these  he  re-  specimen  of  a  lawyer^s  bill  in  the  time 
turned  her  nine  hundred  and  ninety-  of  Edward  IV. : 
fire,  with  an  intimation  that  the  pro-  g  £dw.  IV.  14(>9. 
fewionaL  fee  with  a  general  retainer  Costs  in  the  Chancery  for  Recovery  of  a 
could  neither  be  less  nor  more  than  Counterfeit  Diamond. 
fire  guineas.   (Campbcirs  Lives  of  the  For  boat-hire  to  Westminster    £  $.  d, 
CSiief  Justices,  ii.  343.)  wid  home  again,  for  the  suit 
Mr.  Herbert,  in  his  History  of  the  »» the  Chancery,  begun  in  the 
London   Companies  (vol.  ii.  p.  185)  oldWarden's  fime,  for  the  re- 
gives  some  curious  notices  of  the  legal  covery  of  a  counterfeit  dia- 
^Spenses  of  the  Goldsmiths'  Comp|y  ^r^'r^l^^^T^^l^^ter^^    '    '    ' 
in  the  reigns  of  Henry  VI.  and  Ed-  spent  on  our  Counsel  .    ..016 
ward  rV.     From  one   of  the   older  Xo  Mr.  Catesby,   Serjeant-at- 
nmnoranda  it  appears  that  the  legal  law,  to  plead  for  the  same    .034 
advisers  of  the  mystery  were  not  re-  To  another  time  for  boat-hire  in 
tained  without  being  freemen  of  the  and  out,  and  a  breakfast  for 

same:  '^ 24  Henry  IV . (Sept.  3)  Robt.        two  days 0    16 

Blounte,  w***  the  assent  and  consent  of  Again  for  boat-hire,  and  one 

the  wardens  and  commonalty  of  the        breakfast 0    10 

mystery  of  Goldsmiths,  was  received  To  the  keeper  of  the  Chancery 

into  Uie  freedom  of  the  same  mystery,  _  ^^f     ;»•«'.;    '    11    '    ^ 

and  was  retained  to  be  of  counsel  for  To  Timothy  Fairfax,  at   ^wo         ^    ^ 

tiie  aforesaid  mystery."    The  yearly  To  pJrott.'fo;  attendance'at  two 

fee  paid  by  the  company  to  Serjeant  ^.^^^^                                       0    6    8 

Wood  in  1505  was  10*.     Most  of  the  To  a  breakfast  at  Westminster,' 

lawyers  bills  contain  charges  for  meat  7^..  and  boat-hire,  4d.     .    .    0    0  11 

and  drink,  and  for  breakfasts  at  West-  . 

minster.    We  give  the  following  as  a  £1    3  11 

P.M.N. 


DISCOVERY  OF  ROMAN  REMAINS  AT  KINGSHOLM,  NEAR 

GLOUCESTER. 


IF  the  ancient  cities  of  England  had 
been  investigated  with  half  the  di- 
ligence that  has  been  applied  by  tra- 
vellers and  antiquaries  to  those  of 
Anvria,  Egypt,  and  Greece,  there  is 
no  aoubt  that  results  as  interesting,  if 
not  quite  so  astounding,  would  Imve 
been  obtained.  Perhaps  there  is  no 
subject  so  doubtful,  so  uncertain,  or  so 
much  surrounded  by  obscurity  as  the 
manners  and  customs  of  Britain  while 
it  was  a  Roman  province.  And  what 
is  the  reason  of  this?  Because  the 
sabject  is  local.  This,  in  nine  cases 
out  of  ten,  is  the  cause  of  the  neglect 
mud  destruction  of  those  relics  of 
antiquity  which,  if  carefully  collected 
and  arranged  by  competent  persons, 
might,  by  this  time,  nave  formed  a 
Mnaeum  of  British  Antiquities  equal  in 
extent  and  completeness  to  those  re- 
poritories  of  the  remains  of  distant 
nations  which  are  the  pride  of  England 
and  the  admiration  of  foreign  countries. 

We  are  led  to  these  remarks  by  some 
relics  lately  brought  under  our  notice, 


found,  within  the  last  few  months,  at 
Kingsholm  near  Gloucester.  Our 
readers  probably  are  not  all  aware  that 
Gloucester  was  an  important  Roman 
station.  Situated  on  the  banks  of  the 
river  Severn,  which  formed  a  barrier 
between  the  subjugated  southern  pro- 
vinces and  the  country  of  the  Silures, 
it  was  pitched  upon  by  the  Roman 
general  Flautus  as  the  site  for  a  mi- 
litary station  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
44.  Its  original  name,  Caer  Olauw  or 
the  fair  citv,  was  then  Latinized  to 
Glevum.  Though  no  records  exist  as 
to  historical  events  at  Glevum,  or  the 
gradual  change  of  its  inhabitants  from 
savage  Britons  to  peaceable  Roman  sub- 
jects, their  improvement  in  manners, 
or  their  advancement  in  the  arts  of 
civilized  life,  enough  has  been  dis- 
covered to  prove  that  the  place  rose  to 
some  extent  and  opulence  under  its 
new  rulers.  No  systematic  investiga- 
tion has  ever  been  made  as  to  the  fact; 
but  casual  excavations  and  accidental 
circumstances  have  revealed  sufficient 


40 


Raman  Remairu  cU  Kingsholm  near  Gloucester.         [July, 


to  evince  that  the  town,  as  regards 
arrangement  of  main  streets,  was  of 
the  same  plan  as  at  present,  namely, 
four  streets  meeting  in  the  form  of  a 
cross;  that  it  contained  buildings  of 
large  size  and  elegant  architecture; 
and  that  villas  of  refined  taste  existed 
in  its  neighbourhood,*  pavements,  co- 
lumns, and  hjpocausts  found  at  dif- 
ferent periods  of  time  are  sufficient 
evidence.  Urns,  lachrymatories,  coins, 
and  other  relics  found  at  Kingsholm, 
a  suburb,  within  our  recollection  a 
tract  of  verdant  meadows,  but  now 
swarming  with  elegant  villas,  have  led 
to  the  conclusion  that  the  place  of  in- 
terment was  on  the  north-west  side  of 
the  city.  On  this  side  was  the  great 
Ermyn  Street  or  main  road  from 
Londinium,  the  strait  course  of  which 
may  be  seen  from  Birdlip,  a  hill 
about  five  miles  distant  from  the 
present  city,  and  its  further  course 
traced  from  Wotton,  another  suburb, 
through  Kingsholm.  It  is  probable 
that  the  cemetery  of  Glevum,  like  that 
of  Pompeii,  was  on  both  sides  of  the 
road,  because  remains  have  been  found 
all  along  the  ancient  line  of  way  from 
Wotton  to  Kingsholm.  Many  of  these 
remains  have  been  already  noticed  by 
archa?ologists.  The  late  G.  W.  Coun- 
sel, esq.  not  only  collected  every  relic 
he  could,  but  recorded  their  exist- 
ence in  his  valuable  little  History  of 
Gloucester,  now  out  of  print.  At  the 
last  meeting  of  the  Archteological  As- 
sociation at  Gloucester,  Thomas  Niblet, 
esq.  also  drew  attention  to  them,  and 
we  refer  the  reader  to  the  transactions 
of  that  society  for  further  information 
on  the  subject. 

A  few  months  since  a  field  in  Kings- 
holm, the  property  of  Mr.  Reynolds,  an 
extensive  iron-merchant  of  Gloucester, 
was  excavated  for  building,  and  many 
additional  proofs  of  the  existence  of 
the  Glevum  cemetery  were  brought  to 
light.  Unfortunately  no  systematic 
inquiry  was  made;  indeed,  nothing 
was  generally  known  about  them  tifl 
a  number  of  sculls  and  a  skeleton  of 
unusual  dimensions  attracted  the  at- 
tention of  the  public.  Then  we  found, 
on  inquiry,  that  several  large  urns  of 
light  red  earthenware,  coins,  lamps,  and 
"  odd-looking  bits  of  brass  *'  had  been 
turned  up,  but  the  workmen  had  mis- 


taken the  urns  for  common  flower- 
pots and  smashed  them  without  mercy, 
and  the  coins  had  been  disposed  of  to 
various  persons  for  tobacco  and  half- 
pence. But  a  few  things  had  been 
preserved  by  the  care  of  Mr.  Reynolds 
and  one  or  two  better  judges  of  their 
value.  Among  these  we  may  first 
mention  a  small  lamp,  not  of  uncom- 
mon though  elegant  shape,  and  sundry 
coins  of  the  reigns  of  Vespasian, 
Claudius,  Nero,  and  Augustus,  and 
several  medals  apparently  struck  to 
commemorate  some  victory.  We  also 
saw  the  neck  of  an  urn,«the  elegant 
shape  of  which  made  us  regret  the 
wanton  destruction  of  the  others,  which 
we  were  assured  by  an  intelligent 
builder  stood  more  than  a  foot  high. 
The  lamp  was  of  gilt  bronze,  and, 
strange  to  say,  a  portion  of  the  delicate 
and  minute  suspending  chain  was  at- 
tached to  it. 

It  is  probable  that  Kingsholm  con- 
tinued to  be  a  burial-place  for  two 
centuries  after  the  Roman  period,  as 
many  Saxon  remains  have  been  found 
there,  but  the  recent  excavations  have 
not  disclosed  any  of  importance.  We 
may  mention  that  the  sculls  were  re- 
markably fine,  one  indeed  of  a  de- 
velopment of  which  Brutus  need  not 
have  been  ashamed.  The  superiority 
of  their  formation  to  those  at  the  same 
time  brought  under  our  notice  from 
the  stone  coffins  at  Llanthony  priory 
was  remarkably  striking;  but  these 
matters  are  more  the  province  of  the 
phrenologist  than  the  antiquary. 

It  is  our  firm  opinion  that  were  a 
careful  and  accurate  watch  kept  by 
qualified  persons  over  any  excavations 
made  in  or  near  Gloucester  much  that 
is  interesting  would  be  discovered.  It 
is  satisfactory  to  see  that  public  cu- 
riosity is  excited  on  the  subject,  but 
this  is  not  all  required.  If  the  relics 
found  at  different  localities  in  and  near 
the  city  were  brought  together  they 
would  form  an  interesting  collection; 
and  we  hope  that  during  the  ensuing 
Great  Agricultural  Exhibition  some- 
thing win  be  done  by  the  local  anti- 
quaries to  prove  to  their  visitors  that 
Gloucester  is  entitled  to  attention  for 
its  ancient  remains  as  well  as  for  its 
modem  prosperity. 

J.  Clabk£. 


*  See  Rudder's  History  of  Gloucestershire ;  Rudge*s  compressed  History  of  Glou* 
cfRter ;  Counsers  History ;  and  Clarke's  Arpbitectural  History  of  Gloucester. 


5 


STAiL  CHURCH,  YORKSHIRE,    i 


Springfield  Mo<aU,  Lfedn, 
June  IS. 

Ml.  Ubbai',  —  I  incloee  a  sketch  of 
ft  stone  noi*  built  into  the  south  porch 
of  Biratall  church,  Yorkshire,  about 
■even  mile*  Trom  Leeils.  It  is  io  the 
inner  side  of  the  west  wall,  and  I 
ahouM  suppose  it  to  be  a  portion  of  a 
Monnan  emu  or  obellscal  monument, 
■Dg  onuinienlec]  with  the  scroll-work 
'wftlent  during  that  wra,  If  my 
',  opinion  be  entertittDe<l  by 
or  other  BDtiiuarieB  I  should 
glai]  to  learn. 

n  the  churchyard  i«  n  itone,  men- 
«d  b;  the  late  Air.  Scntuherd,  in  his 
torjrofMurle^,  as  the  pedestal  of  an 
'-■nlcrow.  llHocIi^onal.ftcircum- 
!G  which  I  rather  incline  to  think 
d  militate  against  its  belonging  to 


identify  il. 
It  is  much  to  be  lamented  so  little 
now  remitioB  of  these  aouient  eroaiea. 
Too  oflen  haTe  they  been  destroyeil 
in  the  moat  wanton  spirit  of  misebier,  to 
say  nothing  of  the  corroding  nature  of 
the  stone  of  which  tbej  were  frequently 
ninde.  There  is  one  in  llkley  ehurch- 
yanl  in  this  neighbourhood,  described 
and  engraved  in  Whi taker's  Craven,  but 
of  the  Bgures  on  it  little  trace  now 
remains.  What  is  leh  at  fiirstall,  id, 
however,  probitbly  from  its  present 
position,  in  a  fair  way  of  preservation ; 
though  tinknown  to   antiquaries  and 

unnoticed  by  Whitakcr  in  "'      " 

of  the  pariah. 

Vours,  &c.      C.  J.  Abmistej 


t.iik^V-i-1 


42 


1^^  ¥\H  I^N*^-    ^'^H  INTERMITTING  STREAM,  OF  CROYDON.  IN 
^  SURREY* 

VlY    CVTMBSaT  W.  JOBMSOM,  EsQ.  F.R.S. 


V^kVi  juyw^  Ml  OHM!  of  bright  and  n- 

Mitt\  ***iS5  «*^*'f   wKlch  usually,  after 

>iiv^*  w«*s^M»«  fW«  •^   ^**«  ^^^^  °^  ^®  ^'^ 

WOW  V>  IW#  »i>w^b  of  Croydon, is  known  by 

ik«  Kw»\  w^w«  o^  **  '^^^  Bourne."     It 

vsMum^uly  coin»«ttc«m    about  the  end  of 

iWo«iMb^»»nil  continues  till  April  or  May, 

wb^uUg^^^y^^PI^^^'^^  In  the  season 

v^  \H^^'i»  as  it  began  to  flow  at  an  earlier 

I»mUhI  than  usual  (NoTeinber),so  it  flowed 

with  unusual  copiousness,  and  began  to 

subside  mudi  sooner  than  commonly*  and 

v«a«ed  altogether  by  the  end  of  Biarch. 

1  hare  endearonred,  by  the  aid  of  some 
of  the  old  inUabiUnU  of  the  parish,  to 
ascertain  the  periods  at  which  the  Bourne 
flowed  during  the  last  forty  years,  and  to 
contraat  the  outburst  with  the  rainfall  of 
the  immediately  preceding  period.  I  am 
indebted  to  the  obliging  communication 
of  R.  Glaisher,  esq.  of  the  Royal  Observa- 
tory of  Greenwich,  for  the  subjoined  in- 
formation as  to  the  amount  of  ndn  which 
fell  in  each  year  since  1814.  This  will  be 
found  in  the  following  table,  which  gires 
the  year,  the  amount  of  rain  in  inches,  and 
the  flow  of  the  Bourne,  as  accurately  as  I 
hare  been  able  to  ascertain. 
Yosra.    Rain. 

1815  22-5 

1816  30*1 

1817  290 

1818  33*4     Bourne  out  copiously. 

1819  3M  (F.  Cooper.) 

1820  26-2 

1821  34*5 

1822  27*7     Bourne  out  copiously. 

1823  27  1  (F.  Parrett) 

1824  36  3 

1825  24-5     Bourne  out  ?ery  copiously. 

1826  230  (P.  Parrett.) 

1827  24-9 

1828  31-5 

1829  25*2     Bourne  running  in  January. 

1830  27-2       (if.  Stedall.) 

1831  30-8 

1832  17-7 

1833  23  O 

1834  19-6 

1835  24-9 

1836  27-1 

1837  21-0     Bourne  running  in  February. 

1838  23  8  (H.  Stedall.) 

1839  29-6  ^ 

1840  18-3     ^^"'•"e  running  in  February. 

(H.  iitciiall.) 


1 84 1  33  *3     Bonnie  running  in  February . 

1842  22-6       (H.  StedaU.) 

1843  24-6 

1844  24  9 

1845  22-4 

1846  25-3 

1847  17-8 

1848  30*2 

1849  23*9  Bourne  running  sUghtly. 

1850  19-7  (C.W.J.) 

1851  20  15 

1852  34*2    Dec.   Bourne  copious. 

(C.  W.  J.) 

We  find,  then,  from  this  table,  that 
whenerer  the  rainfall  in  any  one  year  was 
equal  to  about  thirty  inches,  the  Bourne 
made  its  appearance  about  the  close  of 
that  year,  or  early  in  the  ensning ;  and 
that  it  flowed  eopUnulp  whenever  the  fall 
was  considerably  abore  30  inches — as  in 
1818  (33*4  inches);  1821  (34*5  inches); 
1825  (36*3  inches);  I84I  (53-3  mches); 
and  in  1852  (34*2  hiches). 

The  late  Dr.  Miti^l  appesfs  to  have 
paid  considerable  attention  to  the  natural 
nistory  of  these  intermitting  springs  or 
streama,  and  in  May  1830  be  read  a  rery 
interesting  paper  before  the  Geological 
Society,  from  which  I  ha?e  extracted  the 
following  passage,  which  has  also  been 
quoted  in  Brayley'a  Uiatory  of  Surrey : — 
'*  In  connection  with  the  swallow-holes  (of 
the  river  Mole),  we  may  here  notice  the 
outbursts  of  water  on  the  aurface,  which 
in  some  localities  in  Surrey  are  very  re- 
markable. From  what  has  been  alrvady 
advanced  respecting  the  geological  struc- 
ture of  the  county,  it  will  easily  be  under- 
stood how  overpowering  reservoirs  of 
water  may  be  formed  in  the  lowermost 
strata  of  the  chalk,  and  find  an  issue 
through  the  fissures  of  the  rock.  A  besu- 
tifiil  stream  of  this  kind  occurs  near 
Lewes,  in  Sussex,  taking  its  rise  in  a  chalk 
valley  on  the  side  of  the  Brighton  road 
near  Ashcombe,  and  flowing  through  the 
vale  of  Southover,  into  the  river  Ouse ; 
it  is  called  *  the  Winterbuume  Stream,' 
from  its  occurrence  during  the  winter 
months,  the  valley  where  it  has  its  source, 
and  a  great  part  of  its  bed,  being  dry  du- 
ring the  summer  snd  autumn.  In  Surrey, 
outbursts  of  wster  from  the  chalk  occur 
at  the  Bourne  Mill  near  Farnham,  near 
the  church  at  Mersthsm,  and  at  the  spring 
near  the  church  at  Croydon.     Occasional 


Extracted  from  The  Cottage  Gardener. 


1S53.  J      7^«  Bourne,  or  Intet-miUing  Stream,  of  Croydoi, 


oatburiti  uke  pUce  at  tbe  Bourne  near 
ItirchvoodHDau,  where,  during  the  epriog 
of  18iT.  tbe  ttuter  Qowetl  in  great  nbund- 
ancc,  and  continued  six  weeks.  la  Ibe 
ume  jear,  a  riialet  burst  forlb  in  Goltoa 
Park,  between  MBtithani  &n<l  Ruigale." 

I  am  indebtea  to  mj  friend  Mr.  J.  W. 
Fla«er  for  the  toWow\a%  notice  of  tbe  geo- 
logic.-*) feature*  of  the  district  rrom  wheuoB 
■he  Bourne  witere  of  Crojrdon  iuue,  and 
Ihrongli  nhicb  theip  flow  : — "  One  of  the 
moat  remarkable  geological  fceturei  of 
Surrey  u  the  icrj  elevated  ridge  of  chalk  of  (he 
which  rniu  icroe*  the  county  and  the  ad-  It  doei 


ceaaarf  to  sappase  the  ai 


,  ining  couDtj  of  Kent.  It  begin] 
Farnhani,  in  the  weat,  and  ruoi  to  vrilhin 
•  few  railoa  of  Rocheater,  and  is  oaUBlly  objectiODB  m 
knowo  b)  the  name  of  the  Nortbdown,  In  leia,  cootaiiu 
conlradiatinction  lo  tbe  ridge  called  Ibe  Toira,whicht 
Sonlhduwns.  which  run  in  neailj  IL  parallel  whieh  everji 
direction  near  tbe  coait  of  Suaicx  and  a  lery  rainy 
Kent/'  Uiese  caverr 

It  ia  on  the  Dorlbenimait  declivitjr  of 
(kit  ridge  that  tbe  Uourne  Cakes  iti  riae  ; 
in  a  little  hollow  cIom  to  (he  lodge  of 
Bitcbwood  Farm,  and  near  the  Half  Moon 
OD  the  Goditone  toad.  It  then  runs 
oearlf  weat  along  aialley  nt  gorge  rormed 
b;  tb«  chalk  hiUa  on  each  side,  down  la 
Piule;,  where  it   lumt  to  tbe  north,  and 


and  the  Northdowna  elmitar  intermitting 
sprtDgg  are  found,  and  one  was  Inlely  run- 
ning at  Preston,  in  Sngsei.     It  haa  been 
a^Dal  to  nacribe  the  origin  of  auch  epnnga 
(0  cnierns  in  the  chalk  soila,  baring  an 
npeiiine  outward  in  tbe  nature  of  a  iipho«, 
Bud  it  baa  been  thus  su|ipoBed  that  wheu- 
erer,  from  an  eicesa  of  rain,  tbe  level  of 
the  water  has  been  raised  in  the  oivern  to 
tbe  height  of  the  bend  of  the  siphon,  the 
discbaree  commeiicei,  and  continues  until 
a  entirety  emptied,  probably 
Uciona  of  aevcral  y eara. 
appear,  however,  to  be  oe- 


□  BottOD 


fed  by  tbe  nuroerout  fissures 
ere  traverse  the  strata.  In 
ason,  tike  tbe  laat  autumn, 
Uiese  caverns  would  of  coarse  be  filled 
foster  than  the  natural  or  usual  outlets 
would  carry  the  water  olf,  and  the  conse- 
quence would  be  that  the  water  would  find 
for  itaolf  some  other  vent,  and  through  this 
would  roDtinue  to  flow  aa  long  as  the  head 
of  water  was  aufficieatly  full.  This  theory 
eeema  much  more  feasible  than  the  siphon 
theory.  If  water  is  poured  into  n  vessel 
foster  [bnn  it  con  run  off.  it  ii  evident  that 
it  must  continue  to  run  long  after  the 
supi'ly  has  ceased. 

With  regard  (o  the  influence  of  the 
Bourne  upon  the  aanitary  condition  of  Che 
town  of  Croydon,  it  msy  be  noticed  that 
from  a  very  early  period  a  notion  appears 
to  have  existed  that  these  outbursts  of  water 
were  indications  of  the  approach  of  un- 
■■  common  people, 
always  prone  [0  conaiuer  any  natural  phe- 
nomenon of  rare  occurrence  os  a  prodigy 
or  portent,  aeem  to  have  regarded  the  flow- 
ing of  the  Boome  with  superstitious  dread, 
looking  upon  it  as  the  harbinger  i 


foot  of  Baling  Park,  till  it  reachea  the 
town  of  Croydon.  Until  it  reaches  the 
IDWD,  it  rans  in  rather  a  narrow  choonel, 
the  range  0/  bills  on  each  side  approach- 
iog  rather  closely  to  each  other. 

Tlw  town  of  Croydon  stands  on  a  kind 
of  platform  at  Ibe  mouth  of  the  gorge 
thrDogh  which  the  Bourne  takea  its  course. 
The  Mil  is  a  very  coarse,  angular,  flint  healthy 
gravel,  resting  upon  chalk,  and  of  a  depth  always  | 
■arjiuf  from  five  or  sii  (o  twenty  or  nonirno 
thirty  feel.  This  stratuni  is  particularly 
pcmiiablei  and,  no  doubt,  is  always  iho- 
roogblf  saturated  with  water  whenever  the 
Boarne  flovri.  This  fact  could  be  easily 
MCtttaiDed,  if  it  was  found  neceasary,  by 
Uniting  a  ahafl  through  the  gravel,  ascer- 
taining tbe  rise  and  fall  of  the  nalcr  in 
the  gravel  with  reference  to  the  rise  and 
fall  of  Ibe  BoDroe.  The  south  and  sooth- 
eaat  parts  of  tbe  town  are  situate,  fur  the 
iBOat  pari,  dd  the  London  clay,  and  are 
not  Bolikely  (nor,  indeed,  st  all  likely)  to 
be  waler-lo^ed,   ai  the  soutb-ensC  and 

With  rogard  to  the  causes  whiob  pro- 
iaae  tbe  flow  of  the  Bourne,  it  is  lo  be 
obaertwl  CbaC  such  pbeaomena  are  not  at 
■II  nncooiinon  io  chalk  districts.  Both  in 
Ibe   i>dgbbourhood   of   the   South  downs 

•  Tbe  Womere  l^rliculsrly  described  in  Warkworth'a  Chronicle  waa  "  vij.  myle  from 
St.  Allwn'a.  "t  a  pbce  called    Markay.te  "  (Market-street)  ;  bul  it 
""    ■  »^«  ■■s««»l  but  auwmer."  and  never  so  hugely  ai  it  did  thy 


result  of  those  canses  which  produced  Ibit 
sickoeas.  The  Bourne  water  of  Croydon 
is  in  this  way  allaiieJ  to  by  John  Wark- 
worth  in  bis  Chronicle  (he  flourisbrd  io  the 
reign  of  Edward  IP.)  He  placed  the 
Croydon  Bourne  amongst  the  "  Woo 
Waters  "  or  Woe  Waters  of  England,  for 
be  explains  that — "  Englyahmeu  whenns 
thei  dyd  ^rsle  inbabyde  this  land,  asEooue 

wele  it  was  a  tokene  of  derthe  or  of  pes- 
tylenctf,  or  of  grate  balajle.     For  all  ^i    ' 


wetle 


)•  Inlei-tniUing  Stream,  of  Croydon. 


} 


Wan  between  the  BpiHarinro 

and  the  ill-hei)ltb  of  Ihe  ia- 
Eiieted  when  Ctmdvn  wrulc. 


Ihcn  mBterUU;  inFrcued  in  Dompariaon 
vith  the  coireip  nil  ding  period  of  the  fol- 
loning  ycsti.     Tlie  lubjaiafd  Iible  cod- 


from  Crajdon,  obsetiea,  vheu  apesking  of 
this  town  (edition  hj  Gibson.  I  CDS,  p. 
iSH),— "  For  the  torrent  that  the  Tulgar 


Mgc  dcrthe  and  pc8tileiioe,it«eemt  hirdly 
wortli  80  much  u  tbe  meDtioning,  tho 
perh*pa  it  may  biTe  BomethiDg  of  truth 

There  is  to  thi*  day  ui  opinion  icrj 
cumman  amoogat  tbe  labouring  population 
of  Croydon  that  the  water  of  the  Boocne 
i>  unoholraome,  and  eqnall;  cotnnion  ia 
the  andefiiublH  notion  that  '■  ithea  the 
Bourne  u  out  oometbing  nil]  happen  to 

Croydon." 

It  woa  noticed  in  the  cue  of  the  epi- 
demic nbich  prevoiktd  lo  eilnuiielj  in 
CroydOD,  in  tbe  mntama  of  1853  and 
■inter  of  1)1&2  and  1853,  that  there  waa  a 
feniarliabte  parallel  movement  in  Iha  pro- 
gre*i  of  Ihe  fever  end  the  rise  and  hitl  of 
liiB  Bourne  water  in  tbe  great  poroua 
griTel-bcd  on  which  Ihe  chief  part  of 
Croydon  ia  built.  I'he  fefer  began  to  be 
marked  about  the  7tb  of  October,  18^2. 
About  tbil  day  the  water  in  the  graTel 
bt^an  to  riae.  Tbe  fever  continued  to  in- 
creaae,  and  the  BDorne  water  still  roie  id 
the  aoil.  tilt  about  the  lirM  week  in  Janu- 
ary 1853.  riUthiatimethefevermcreaned 
III  malignancy  j  it  attained  ita  most  fatal 
type  about  the  lut  week  of  Deceniher; 
the  Bourne  water  in  the  aubaoil  wai  now 
■I  nearly,  if  not  quite,  its  msiimum. 
About  January  S4,  there  waa  a  aeniible 
dccrcaie  in  tbe  water  which  uturaled  the 
aubaoil  i  there  was  now  a  marked  decrease 
in  the  nnsiber  of  the  fever  cooei.  About 
KebnuiT  i,  tho  Bourne  water  waa  subsid- 
ing  at  tbe  rate  of  an  inch  per  day.  The 
frtsb  fever  coaca  were  now  scarce- 
It  may  not  be  uniuatmctive  to  endea- 
vour to  ancerlaiD  the  rate  of  mortftlitj  in 
Croydon  during  ihoae  yean  i  ■  -  ■  - 
Doame  waa  out,  with  thoae 
did  not  flow.  It  would  certainly  appear, 
from  the  number  of  bnrlola  at  the  old 
ehnrcb  of  Cruydon  dtirlng  the  montha  ol 
November,  Urcevber,  January,  February, 
Ukd  March,  in  the  two  tut  Boorae- 
water  yean,  that  tbe  rate  nt  mortality  wai 


IV.  14T3).  Q«.  had  the  preceding  year  been  wet  ?  The  other  woe-oaten  ei 
lo  Warkwufth's  Chrunicle  are,  one  at  Latmiham  (Lcwiibam  ?),  in  Kent ;  one  bnide 
Caol«rbury,  called  Naylboum^  una  at  Crutdon  ;  and  "  another,  vij.  mile  on  tbii  ayde 
tba  caataUe  of  Dotllry,  in  Uie  place  nikd  liungeretalc."  Src  Warkworlh'a  CbroDiclc, 
-  il  fiir  the  Lonidcn  Sooirly,  p.  H.—Sflr.  t'tbait. 


Bourne  out  aligblly. 


Next  corresponding  ai 


So  that  the  burials  at  Croydon  old  church, 

in  five  months,  on  the  two  lut  a«cuion> 

when   tbe    Bourne   flowed,  ptcvioua    to 

1852-53    (1840-11,   and    1848.49).   were 

more  numerous  by  fitf.S  per  cent.,  and 

_     .  31.T  per  cent.,  than  In  the  corresponding 

which  tlie     perioda  of  Ihe  succeeding  years.    We  may 

which  il     discern,  then,  oa  the  flowing  o(  Ihe  Bunme 

follows   wet   and    nnwholeaome   aeasona. 

why  pur  anocatora,  in  more  >ni>eratitions 

days  than  oura,  not  altogether  without 

reason,  (ell  into  the  error  of  rt^arding  tbe 

phenomenon  as  the  harbinger  of  public 


At  *  ineetinit  of  the  Philologitul  Society 
licld  on  tlic  25th  of  Ftbruary  tbe  folluwing 
rfmarht  itere  read  on  tlie  Et^aiolcigy  of 
UiF  KUrd  Stone-lienge,  commuuiciiled  b; 
E'loin  Gnat,  BXi-  the  Mnater  of  CuiUB 
<Mi!lr^.  Cambridge. 

Mr.  Herbert,  tte  author  of  "  Cjilopi 
ChrutumaB,"adoptBalegenit  nbicb  mokei 
Stoneheoge  the  kbqg  nfaere  the  Welsh 
noblea  tell  beoeatfa  the  diggen  of  Hen- 
(Ul'i  (blloirera.  He  thinks  this  is  corn>- 
bonttd  b;  Ibe  name  of  ibe  localitf,— 
which.  In  the  more  anckat  sulhoriciea,  is 
often  Cidled  Sle<iekengu,  and  in  one  place 
SinoD  of  Abingdon  (a  mookieb  writer  of 
the  fifteenth  eentury)  writei  it  Stme- 
hemgttl.  The  word  Stonehenge,  or  Slane- 
hengct,  or  Stanehengeil,  therefore  means, 
nfcotdiai;  to  Mr.  Herbert,  the  Slant  of 
Hrnffiil.  He  oiaiatajni,  and  trul;,  that 
■I  i«  a  taw  of  ODi  laof^ge  that,  in  com- 
pauDit  words  of  which  one  element  bean 
Id  tbe  other  the  aame  relation  u  an  adjcc- 
littt  to  its  substantiie,  then  the  adjectival 
or  qnaliffing  element  takes  the  first  place  ; 
he  would,  therefore,  haie  us  believe  that 
Stonebenge  cannot  mean  the  hanging 
•tone,  tbe  pMTWa  p««ihfM  of  Wace.  Fur- 
ther, be  sajs  that  the  nile  aboie  staled 
•dmits  nf  one  eiception,  and  this  is,  that 
when  the  qnaliff  ing  element  it  a  proper 
name  it  maj  lake  tbe  last  place,  M  Port- 
fitrick,  Fort-WiUiaoi,  &c.  Bal  here  we 
mutt  remind  Mr.  Herbert  that  lach  com- 
pound letmi  as  Port-Patrick,  ftc.  are  in- 
iluieei  of  a  Norman  idiom  which  ntfcctcd 
our  laoguoge  onlj  from  the  fonrteentb 
i-enturr,  while  Sionehenge  i>  clearlj  an 
Bngliih  eompound.  Its  elements  are 
BogUalii  it  maj  be  triced  to  tbe  twelfth 
antarj:  yt  cannot,  therefore,  give  to 
"^      '        '   the   meaning    Mr.   Herbert 


Ihe  south  or  west  of  England  jou  mif 
hear  in  any  bntcbcr's  shop  of  the  "  Aeorf 
and  Aing»"  of  certain  animalfl, — tlie  bead 
with  gome  portions  of  tbe  animal  tbence 
dependent  In  the  Glossary  of  the  "Ei- 
moor  Scolding  "  wc  find  "  Hmpe  or  Hatfft, 
the  purlenance  of  snj  creature,  joined  bj 
Ihe  gullet  to  tbe  head,  and  hanging  to- 
gether. Til.  tbe  lights,  heart,  and  liver." 
These  are  oolj  other  applicitionB  of  tlie 
ward  which  appears  in  Uie  final  element 
of  SleneAaigi,  where  Aenge  signifies  the 
impost,  which  is  suspended  on  the  two 
oprighta.  And  in  (bis  signification  it  is 
used  in  our  lileratnre.  Stukeley  telle  OJ 
he  had  been  informed  that  in  a  certain 
locality  in  Yorkshire  certain  natural  rocks 
were  called  Sionehenge.  Again,  "  Herein 
they  imitated,  or  rather  emnlaled,  tlie 
Uraehtes,  who  being  delivered  from  the 
Egyptians,  and  having  trampled  tbe  Red 
Sea  and  Jordan  (opposing  them]  under 
Iheir  feet,  did,  by  God's  command,  erect 
&c.     (Gih- 


Afoo: 


I  holt  s 


henge.)  Wares  givcs^"  Would  not  every- 
body say  Co  him,  we  know  Ihc  (fgNOjif 
atGilgal."— (Usiie.) 


Some  reviewer  in  the  ■'  Suirterly  "  ol 
last  Scjitembet  "  conceives  Ihat  Arn^r  is  a 
men  termination  of  the  genitive  or  adjec- 
litol  kind,  such  ••  Mr.  Kcmble  has  Kiveu 
a  lial  of  in  ane  ol  bit  papers  for  Ihe  Philo- 
logioJ  Society," — the  ahsurdity  of  which 
■'  coDcepIiun  "  is  loo  glaring  to  need  eipo- 


AtHgrt.  Each  of  the  Irilithons  was,  alrictly 
speaking,  a  ilonagt ,-  and  tbe  entire  monu- 
ment migbt  either  be  called  the  Stonagt; 
or  if  the  word  were  used  in  its  colleatiie 
sense,  the  Btanagt.  SlotuAmgeil  can 
only  be  a  clerical  blunder  for  SloneAtngn. 
Besides  tbe  word  haag-e,  there  seems  to 
have  been  another  word  which  did  not 
take  the  Gnnl  Yowel.  and  from  which  the 
Germans  got  their  eor-Am;,  a  curtain, 
and  we  the  word  SIOR-heng  in  Itoberl  uf 
Gtouuesler(l54). 
Axrt  WM  tlio  kjTig  r  huiywl,  n  he  mrghto  como 


The  tme  etymology 
tnilttioa    has   banded 
many  of  Ihe  Gothic  Inngoages  words 
(annil  closely  reaetnbling  A(ii;e,  and  si|^ 
tying  something  suspended,  as  a  thelF. 


IS  brot- 
Q.   shelves    Ut   bang  bread   on;    gairie- 
idagt,  a  frame  to  dry  curdi  and  cheese 
^iud:   Itai-^'diige,    the   sleep  aide   of  « 
■tUcy  1  *r-Aanff,   Sur,,   an  cm-ring.      In 


us.  In  This  word  Aonjr  is  used  in  Norfolk  for, 
first,  a  crop  of  fruit,  ■'.  e.  tbst  which  is 
pendent  trom  tbe  houghs  ;  secondly,  a 
declivity— see  Poibj.  It  eulers  into  the 
west  of  England,  ilake-hang;  tbe 
(SuBsel),  Aerrifl^.toii; — the  place  i 
herrings  are  bung  on  sticks  to  dry. 
dyng  calls  Ihe  Irllilhuos  al  Stom 
or,  {Hirhaps  we  might  more  nirrectly  say 


46 


Coyreipondenee  of  Siflnanui  Urban. 


[July, 


tlieir    impoits,     Stoarkeaglti,    in    nhich 

/mgle  at  Aeayf'  it  ootliin;  but  a  derin- 

tiveof  hang!  anJ.  likeiu  ptimitiTe,  nitiiiiig 

eomBlbing  that  ii  luspniiJcd.     la  tome 

pirti  o(  Che  norlU  of  England  the  iron  bar 

ocer  the  fire  on  irhlch  the  cauldron  is  hung      tlractioD  nbuA  iiup[iuriEu 

is,  with  itB  appurtenincei,  nlleil  the  Han-      of  slaCei  mny  bsTU   been 

gtu.    Anotber  word,  nalla^e,   maj  b« 


ia  uaed  in  tliB  weit  o(  En|. 

I;ch-|[atc,  often  found  ai  the 

entrance  of  oor  charchyards.     The  Dutch 

call  a  (late.  (cAaIi>;   in  our  Old  Engliah 

dialect  wo  find  it  called  ikaly*;  a  eOQ- 

*  fortneil 


CORRESPONDENCE  OF  STLVANOS  URBAN. 

unlwlh  Chnrcli— Tlia  lt«li»,  and  Vlsroantr  or  Fermor-KlcbanI  or  Clrcncailcr- 
relgn  iif  Clinrlci  I.— HMorlul  Nmiii  on  Ibe  Cullun  or  D«t  Ronl— Karly  SUUe  of 
-"  Ilcjilon  wllb  One  IIjuiiI.-  and  Ellulielhiin  PDEli—SIr  Beili  Dnlnier  and  the  ii 
'anmen  o[  laai  coacesltd  Itom  Urn  Crmro. 

Lambeth  CsuAoa. 


"  DImll,  Edincat.  mntat  qowlral 


Mh.  UsuaH, — The  abate  ma;  appro- 
priatol]'  be  luumcd  as  the  motto  of  the 
wfaolr  race  of  architecla.  They  begin  b; 
pulliog  down,  thej  end  b;  turning  eterj- 
thiog  lopaj-tuny.  Encouraged  by  tornn 
remarka  in  one  or  two  of  your  previaua 
magaiinea  on  Ihe  aubject  of  Lambetb 
Charch,  I  naa  tempted,  some  daya  a^o, 
to  make  a  voyage  of  discovery  on  my  own 

■pnrtion,  though  quite  aufficient  to  be 
■truck  urith  amaiemenC  bordering  on  dit- 
may,  if  not  diagugt,  at  the  reckless  and 
tnateJeaa  manner  in  which  aouie  of  these 
"  rettotalioDB,"  is  they  are  (lerisifely  called, 
have  been  pErpelrated. 

Good  old  Blias  Aahmole,  to  be  sure, 
has  ilood  h<a  ground.  His  monumental 
slab  ii  simply  rcitored,  and  it  ruts  where 
il  hai  always  reattd,  near  the  rettry-door, 
— no  tbsuk*.  01  I  am  inroroieil,  either  to 
rector  or  architect.  The  Tradeacant  mo- 
nument, loo,  il  well,  because  simply,  re- 
alofed  ;  bat  this  alandi  in  the  churchyard, 
and  was  therefore  not  within  the  eiacl 
range  of  archlteclnral  demoUtiuu.  But 
1<I  ni  re-enter  the  cbnreh.  Tbere  i*  a 
braia  here  and  a  brua  there,  perched  up 
perpendicnlarly  againat  the  wall,  and  far 
ramofod  from  the  respective  bodies  they 
Dooc  covered ;  and  for  the  Iranilslion  of 
one,  a  Howard  brua,  there  wai  no  lori  of 
pntenne,  ai  it  lay  on  its  itone,  within 
tbe  oomiDunion  raili,  and  hardly  cipoied 
eten  lo  the  soft  iraad  of  the  incumbent. 

Tiia  Pauilt  nr  Rochs  a,si 

Mk.  Ukbkn, — In  (he  memoir  of  your 
lata  larBed  and  inneoiixia  CorrMpoodeot 
Mr.  Roche  (June.p.e&N),yauba>e  fallen 
inlo  a  miaapprehenuou  in  stating  that  bo 
«ii  deiceoded  from  Maurice  Roche,  who 
lm  mayor  of  Cork,  and  nceiied  a  Collat 
of  Ea«M  from  Qncvn  Eliubeih,      Tbai 


Turuiog  mors  directly  towards  the  north 
traniept,  the  eye  i>  cmbarraBed  by  a  whole 
heap  of  mural  slobs,  Jtc.  pitched  up  pell- 
mell  from  the  top  lo  the  bottom,  after  the 
moit  ipprored  brood-caat  method,  and 
rer;  much  resembling  those  Inmni  of  mud 
anil  coW'dung  with  which  your  idle  village 
«P"«  a  


apatl 


no  vacation,  and  it  muat  be  c 
it  bas  been  well  carried  out. 

Piiully,  to  crown  the  whole  of  Clieie 
profeasionil  eccentticiliea,  we  stumble  up- 
on an  unhappy  wight,  one  "  Christopber 
Woods,"  fairly  eviscerated  after  the  Falstaff 
^hion,  bis  monumental  slab,  hard  by  the 
narCh  traniept,  having  had  a  large  si|Uife 
hole  cut  into  ill  centre,  ao  aa  carafully  to 
remove  Ihe  date,  for  the  purpoie  of  ad- 
mitting the  hot  air  of  a  flue  I 

The  seiton  seemed  fully  lo  ondenEaod 
Che  value  of  these  lines,  according,  ai  they 
did,  with  hia  vocatioa;  nevetlfa«leas  I 
added  an  impiampta  bearing  more  imme- 
diately npon  the  point : 

Unhsiiiiy  Wo«il».  wtih  JulLua  dnom'il  lo  palf , 

and  lo  1  tamed  on  my  h«el,  gave  my  aUl^ 
ling  to  the  showman,  and  walked  away, 
muttering  "a  plagne  on  bolh  yourhouica," 
piraoni  and  arcliiteeli. 

Youfi,  ate.     I,. 

n  ViSCOUKTT  OF  FlHUOY. 

Rocni 

iwdigree  will  be  found  in  Burke'i  Landed 

Bui  the  pmmling  anicle  in  the  lama 
work,  under  tha  title  of  Korhi  cif  Uiwa* 
aiCH,  •huw)  tJut  tit*  lab-  Mr  Jul 


CorretpunHence  of  Sgivanua  Urban. 


I 


I 


at  Cork  «u  oF  >  diHJDCt  brsach  of  the 
fanilj,  the  Gnt  of  which  there  umned  is 
John  RucheorCiutletown-R(iche,ca.  Cork, 
whose  signiture  \a  attached  to  the  Docttk- 
ndoti  of  the  Iriili  Ronua  Catholioi  va 
1611,  u  ■  member  of  the  pBrliKmcnt  or 
eoUDcil  then  held  at  Kilkeanf. 

He  is  ilatcd  to  have  "  descended  from 
tbc  Viscoonis  Fermoy,"  hat  the  line  of 
hU  deicenC  is  not  ihown,  Mr,  Borke, 
hoirevcr,  further  siBtea  IbU  (he  late  bead 
of  ihii  braneh  of  the  familf ,  George  Roche, 
»q.  of  GisDijh  Cattle,  CO.  Limerick  (who 
•rai  living  at  the  time  of  his  publlcaCioD,) 
"  claims  the  ancient  Irisli  jiceruge  of  Fer- 
aoj."  Such  claim  will  now  haie  de. 
(CMided  to  his  nephew,  Stejihen  Koche, 
an.  of  RTehill,  eo.  Galvisj,  aamed  in 
fODT  Obitaar|r. 

It  hiE.  bowerer,  recentlj  been  aa- 
nouuced  iu  the  public  jiapers  that  the 
iwerage  of  Fermoy  ia  likely  to  he  reiiied 
ill  the  persoD  of  Edmand  Bnrlte  Roche, 
tm\.  of  TrabolgoD,  now  M.P.  for  the 
eoanty  of  Cork.  Tbi*.  of  cauree,  could 
only  be  a  rciiial  of  the  title,  and  not  a 
mioration  of  the  aacieat  peerage,  if  the 
Roches  of  Limerirk  are  the  ehlei  branch. 

There  is  also  a  cnrrent  impretsiou  in 
the  county  of  Cork  that  there  is  a  flint  ia 
the  deaceat  of  Mr.  Roche  of  Trabolgan. 
sod  1  baie  reason  to  know  that  mch  report 
b  well  fooiiiled.  The  factt,  indeed,  afford 
an  explanation  to  what  appesn  otberoiae 
onacctHnlable  in  Burke's  account  of  the 
lanily.  He  lUtei  that  Edmund  Kucha, 
•rbu  died  in  1750,  had  by  Barbara,  daugh- 
ter of  James  Hennessy.  five  aona,^!.  Ed- 
nnod;  ^.  Francis;  3.  Edwsrd;  4.  James; 
and  'j.  Richard.  Their  uncle  Princii  Roche 
of  Tnbolgan  died  unmarried  in  1755,  when 
theaUte  of  Trabolgnn  descended  to  Ed- 
ward, the  tkird  of  Ihe  brothers.  He  died 
without  auniiing  iatae.  in  1838  i  and, 
bis  younger  brothers.  James  and  Richard, 
bsviug  died  anmarried,  he  bequeathed  hti 
outes  to  hb  nephew  Edward  (the  father 
»r  the  present  M.P.  for  tbe  co.  Cork), 
b«ing  the  only  aon  and  heir  of  the  eldest 
brother,  Edmoml. 

uncealed  by  Burke,  was  this,— th<it  the 
IwD  shier  SODS,  Edmond  and  Francia,  were 
bom  before  their  mother's  marriage. 

Mr.  Kothe  of  Trabolgan,  therefure, 
thongh  now  "  the  represeotatiie  of  hii 
bnncb  of  the  family"  (as  Mr.Burke  atylea 
blsB  la  bis  Heraldic  Ulustrationa,  1^45. 
vbera  the  arms  of  Kocbe  are  assigned  to 
Ub  wltbaot  dilfcrence],  so  far  a*  he  pos- 
iiaaii  that  estate,  i)  not  its  legitimate  heir 
1b  Uoud.  On  the  death  of  Colonel  Edwnid 
KotIhi,  in  IH3B,  it*  repreaenlation  dcToEied 
r  tbe  dsughten  of  his 


47 

grundfather.  Que  of  these  was  msrrietl 
To  JartLGB  Kearney,  esi],  of  Garrettstown, 
near  Kinsale,  and  it  is,  aa  I  understand,  in 
the  poBsesiioa  of  her  descendant,  John 
Cuthbert  Kearuey,  esq.  of  tbe  same  place, 
that  the  Collar  of  Esses  seat  by  Queen 
Elizabeth  to  Maurice  Roche,  the  mayor 
of  Cork,  ia  now  preaer*ed. 

To  the  article  of  "  Roche  of  Limerick," 
in  Mr.  Burke's  Landed  Gentry,  is  attached 
a  reference  to  Nichols's  Ruilimeuls  of 
Honour,  8io.  1726,  artiele  Fermoy,  for  tbe 
early  descent  of  the  family.  The  book 
here  ioteoded  is  the  Peerage  of  Ireland, 
entitled  "  The  Irish  Compendium,  or  Rudi- 
ments of  Honoor,"  by  Francia  Nicbols. 
19aio.  (ootBvo.)  In  a  copy  of  the  second 
edttinn  of  this  book,  dated  172T  (it  does 
not  occur  in  the  first  edition  of  1 7'29),  I 
find  the  article  of  Roche  Viscount  Fer- 
UQY  inserted  by  a  cancel :  and  ai  tbe  sc- 
coual  which  ii  there  giien  of  the  octasl 
state  of  the  family  is  Tcry  remarkable,  nad 
poaaibly  baa  never  been  repeated  in  any 
other  publication,  I  will  bcre  eitnict  the 
particulars.    Tbe  article  thus  brgina. 

"  Tiie  Moat  Noble,  Potent,  and  Hononr- 
■ble,  Ulick  Roche,  Viacount  de  Rupe  and 
Fermoy.  in  the  county  of  Cork,  aa  created 
by  King  Edward  IT.;  but  the  present 
Lord  ia  out.law'd."  Tbe  genealogy  ia 
deduced  from  "  Charles  tha  Great.  Em- 
peror of  the  Weal,  and  King  of  France, 
down  to  ^laurioe  Fiti-John  Lord  la  Roche 
and  Fermoy,"  tbe  son  of  John  living  iu 
11  Ric.  II.  :  after  whicb,  omitting  the 
interteaing  generations,  the  writer  pro- 

'■  From  whom  deacended  in  ■  direct 
male  line  Daiid  Roche,  Lord  Viicount 
Roche  of  Fermoy,  who  lir'd  in  the  reigns 
of  King  Charles  I.  and  Kmg  Charles  II. 
and  did  quarter  the  arms  of  the  said  EIi»- 
beth  de  Clare  [Ihe  foundress  of  Clare-halt 
in  Cambridge], 

"  This  Lord  was  a  very  strenuous  actor 
for  the  interetts  of  King  Charles  I.  In  Ire. 
huul,  and  alter  his  death  for  those  uf  King 
Charles  II,.  tor  which  he  forfeited,  after 
tbe  reduction  of  Ireland  by  the  uaurper 
Oliver  Cromwell,  a  Tcry  great  estate,  com. 
puled  to  be  now  set  for  aboie  fifty  thou- 
sand ponnds  per  ann.;  nnd,  going  abroad 
wiiha  regiment,  help' d  to  do  nil  tbe  service 
he  could  to  King  Chariea  11.  in  his  exile; 
but  after  tbe  Restoration,  returning  into 
England  with  the  King,  he  sollicited  for 
his  eitstf  nnd  honours  being  reator'd  to  hioi 
again  (as  be   might   have  well  eipcctrd, 

puri'oBe  ;  for  tlie  King  liad  such  counsel- 
lors at  that  time  about  him,  thnt  tbia  Lord 
and  a  great  many  n 
odd  estates  for  their  loyalty,  and  Ihe  said 


ic^ 


C^rrtspamdence  of  Sjflvanu»  Urban, 


[July, 


>**i«iK-»  ««H«  vvuitna'd  to  tbo««  who  ac- 
iuii  U  tti«?itt  t^v  ib^ir  iK>t  being  altogether 

*  |1ii«  LorU  tiying  without  issue,  was 
Mtc\>H;«W  by  bia  brother,  John  Roche, 
LoiU  VuKVuat  Kermoy,  and  he  marrying 
^Mh4uitt«ft  (laughter  of  Da?id  Condon, 
Km(.>  W<t  ta»ue  by  her  two  sons,  and  a 
Jaii^httfr  Gleanor. 

"i>lf  the  sons,  David  the  eldest  suc- 
v>K>d«^t  and  was  bred  to  the  sea,  having 
tb»  late  Queen  Anne's  Letter,  but  was  un- 
(fortunately  drown*d  at  Plymouth  in  the 
Or^at  Sturm  in  1703,  and  was  succeeded 


by  his  brother  Ulick  the  present  Lord, 
who  is  marry 'd  to  Anne,  the  widow  of 

Purcell,  Esq.  and  daughter  of 

Carr,  of  the  county  of  Northumberland, 
Esq.,  but  as  yet  has  no  issue ;  and  the 

next  Collateral  Branch  is  Roche  of 

Ballindangan,  Esq.,  who  is  in  the  service 
of  the  King  of  Sardinia.'' 

I  am  not  aware  of  an  article  upon  the 
family  of  Roche  Viscount  Fermoy  occur- 
ing  in  any  other  Peerage,  and,  if  any  such 
is  known  to  your  readers,  I  shall  feel 
obliged  by  their  pointing  it  out. 

Yours,  &C.  CORCAOIENSIS. 


Richard  of  Cirbnckster. 


Mr.  Urban,— Having  recently  re- 
Ofivc^t  from  whom  1  have  no  idea,  part  of 
a  late  number  of  a  periodical  publication 
called  the  Archseological  Mine,  containing 
strictures  on  a  letter  from  me  which  you 
did  roe  the  honour  to  insert  in  the  Gentle- 
man's Magaiine  for  March  last,  upon  the 
disputed  authenticity  of  the  history  of 
Richard  of  Cirencester,  I  would  now  re- 
quest your  permission  briefly  to  resume 
tne  subject,  with  no  intention  of  engaging 
you  in  a  controversy,  which  indeed  one 
whose  name  is  avowed  must  wage  upon 
very  unequal  terms  with  an  anonymous 
opponent. 

The  tone  of  the  strictures  alluded  to 
rather  indicatea  that  a  sore  place  has  been 
touched  ;  but  neither  severity  of  criticism 
nor  difference  of  opinion  would  be  depre- 
cated, though  I  do  object  to  being  mU' 
rejiretmued.  It  is  stated  positively,  that 
I  claim  to  have  *'  thoroughly  investigated** 
(printed  in  Italics)  the  work  in  question ; 
which  imagined  discovery  of  my  weakness 
is  so  pleasing  to  the  writer,  that  it  is  after- 
wards ezultingly  repeated  three  times. 
But  I  will  defy  any  one  to  contradict  the 
assertion,  that  no  such  claim  was  advanced 
on  my  part  in  my  letter  to  you  ;  for  really 
I  never  even  supposed  that  I  had  '*  tho- 
roughly investigated"  the  subject  My 
communication  does  indeed  contain  such 
an  ezpressioii,  but,  plainly  and  undeniably, 
to  state  the  doubts,  which  I  entertained, 
(•■  I  do  still)  whether  such  an  investiga- 
tkm  had  been  undertaken  by  some  who 
OOBtead  for  the  genuineness  of  Bertram's 
fiodttotion.  With  regard  to  the  com- 
pfatiiit,  that  the  copy  of  Richard  of  Ciren- 
OMtar  which  I  used  was  "  the  edition 
•translated  and  edited  by  J.  A.  GUes, 
LLiD.,'"  the  description  so  printed  in 
itaUct  is  n»t  a  quotation  of  my  words. 
When  mnitioniDg  what  edition  I  had  seen, 
1  did  not  deem  it  necessary  to  apecify 
fwhieb  it  appears  I  ought  to  have  done) 
uat  I  did  not  consult  /As  trantiation  for 
tho  murpoie  of  judging  of  the  original 


work,  especially  as  I  distinctly  referred 
more  than  once  to  the  Latin.  If  in  Dr. 
Giles's  publication  that  original  is  not  given 
correctly,  his  readers  cannot  be  held  re- 
sponsible, since  in  every  reprint  of  a  book 
we  must  be  dependent  on  the  care  and  fi- 
delity of  the  editor. 

A  principal  motive  to  the  conclusion, 
declared  in  my  former  letter  upon  this 
topic,  was  the  noncompliance  of  C.  J. 
Bertram  with  the  demand  to  produce  his 
professed  ancient  manuscript,  together 
with  his  failure  to  give  a  satisfactory  ac- 
count of  it ;  and  I  repeat  my  conviction 
that  these  circumstances  throw  a  shade  of 
strong  suspicion  over  his  entire  story.  I 
would  also  further,  as  explanatory  of  my 
previous  line  of  argument,  suggest  this 
consideration.  Since  the  work  of  the 
nominal  Richard  of  Cirencester  was  never 
heard  of  till  near  the  middle  of  the  18th 
century,  long  before  which  period  the 
writings  of  several  British  antiquaries  of 
deservedly  high  reputation  had  been  by 
printing  rendered  accessible  to  any  one,  it 
is  idle  to  claim  for  Bertram's  production 
the  credit  of  affording  new  information  re- 
lating to  Roman  Britain,  until  it  be  shown 
that  no  portion  of  such  information  has 
been  or  can  be  derived  from  previously 
known  native  publications.  A  comparison 
of  the  Cirencester  Itinerary  with  that  of 
Antoninus  alone  will  by  no  means  suffice 
to  decide  the  question  ;  and  the  apparently 
greater  copiousness  of  the  former  than  of 
the  latter  seems  to  me  far  from  difficult  to 
comprehend  and  account  for.  When  from 
such-  sources  as  have  been  pointed  out  the 
existence  and  (clear  or  obscure)  identity 
of  sites  of  Roman  stations  had  been  ascer- 
tained, the  well-known  practice  of  the 
Romans  in  similar  cases  would  justify  any 
one  in  asnumng  the  actuslity  of  roads  also 
between  those  stations  and  the  principal 
of,  if  not  a//,  the  others  in  the  vicinity. 
And  I  beg  to  ask,  whether  such  an  origin 
of  the  amplification  of  the  Bertramite 
Itinerary  is  not  more  consistent  with  the 


1853.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvantu  Urban, 


49 


general  want  of  dittancei  in  the  ntw  por- 
tions, than  that  any  ancient  manoscript 
should  baTe  proTed  so  continually  defectiTe 
prteiitly  in  thoMt  particular  plaeee. 

Yours,  &c.    Arthur  Hussky. 
Rottifigdean,  June  18. 

[We  have  referred  to  the  number  of 
'*  The  Archsological  Mine,"  (a  periodical 
produced  by  Mr.  A.  J.  Dunkin  of  Dartford) 
in  which  the  remarks  to  which  our  cor- 
respondent refers  were  published.  We 
find  that  the  writer  asserts  that  the 
edition  of  Richard  of  Cirencester  **  trans- 


lated and  edited  by  J.  A.  GUes,  LL.D."  Is 
in  fact  a  reprint  of  Mr.  Halcher's  edition 
of  1809,  but  without  the  notes  which  illuf- 
trate  it,  and  without  the  concordance  be- 
tween Richard  and  Antoninus,  which 
Hatcher  gives  fuUy.  The  writer  further 
states  that  he  has  before  him  a  letter 
written  by  the  late  Mr.  Hatcher,  in  which 
that  gentleman  indignantly  alludes  to  Dr. 
Gileses  perpetuation  of  his  (Mr.  Hatch- 
er's) early  errors ;  and  he  also  mentions 
that  the  original  correspondence  of  Ber- 
tram with  Dr.  Stukeley  is  now  in  the 
hands  of  Mr.  Britton.] — Edit. 


Postmen  in  thb  time  of  Charles  I. 


Mr.  Urban, — ^This  reign  is  remarkable 
in  the  history  of  that  valuable  establish- 
ment the  Post  Office,  as  the  period  to 
which  we  can  trace  the  germ  of  the  present 
system  y  in  the  authorised  and  systematic 
couTeyance  of  the  letters  of  merchants 
and  others  by  the  royal  runners  of  the 
post.  It  is  true  that  merchants  had  been 
directed  by  a  proclamation  issued  in  the 
year  1591 ,  not  to  use  *'  disavowed  persons" 
to  convey  their  letters,  but  the  government 
of  James  I.  did  all  it  could  to  stop  the 
practice.  The  commencement  of  the  re- 
gular carriage  of  the  people's  letters  is 
enveloped  in  obscurity,  and  the  best  infor- 
mation upon  the  subject  is  afforded,  as  far 
as  I  am  aware,  by  the  Report  of  the  Secret 
Committee  on  the  Post  Office  (as  to  the 
opening  and  detaining  of  letters)  in  1844, 
and  in  the  Appendix  of  documents  sup- 
plied by  the  Public  Record  and  State  Paper 
Offices.*  Letter- carrying  by  other  mes- 
sengers than  their  own  was  always  regarded 
by  our  sovereigns  with  great  suspicion, 
llie  practice  of  thus  using  the  royal  posts, 
originating  most  probably  in  an  act  of  grace, 
prevailed  to  a  very  considerable  extent  long 
oefore  its  advantages  in  a  commercial  point 
of  view  were  duly  estimated,  and  attained 
almost  the  position  of  a  right  upon  a  cer- 
tain payment  being  made.  The  expenses 
of  the  post-master  being  regularly  paid  as 
a  part  of  the  royal  establishment,  and  the 
conveyance  of  other  than  royal  letters 
being  optional,  it  is  difficult  to  believe  that 
no  advantage  could  have  accrued  to  that 
personage  by  the  facilities  he  afforded  the 
mercantile  community.  Such,  however, 
is  said  to  have  been  the  case  so  late  as  the 
vear  1635.  Perhaps  the  old  payments, 
being  fixed  at  an  earlier  period,  had  not 
been  adapted  to  the  increasing  prices  of 
the  times,  and  the  scale  of  payment*  for 


conveying  letters,  &c.  was  not  well  ad- 
justed ;  or  thi  **  deputies''  had  taken  too 
good  care  of  themselves.  Of  course  it 
could  not  be  intended  to  mean  that  the 
transmission  of  the  letters  of  private  indi- 
viduals was  not  paid  for  by  them. 

About  the  year  1635  the  office  of  the 
Master  of  the  King's  Posts  had  come  by 
descent  from  the  patentee  of  James  I. 
(Lord  Stanhope  of  Harrington,  the  King's 
Vice-Chamberlain,)  to  Thomas  Wither* 
ings ;  and  he  had  also  succeeded  in  ob- 
taining the  mastership  of  the  ''outward" 
posts,  t.  «.  for  abroad.  That  person  pro* 
posed  a  re-organization  of  the  in-land 
posts,  which,  instead  of  producing  any  re- 
venut  to  the  state,  were  then  maintained 
at  a  cftst  of  3400A  per  annum.  This  scheme 
consisted  chiefly  of  fixed  rates  of  postage ; 
horse  posts  vice  foot  posts  ;  and  permis- 
sion for  the  public  generally  to  use  the 
establishment.  The  subsequent  history  of 
the  Post  Office  is  traced  in  the  report  al- 
ready referred  to. 

What  I  wish  to  lay  before  your  readers 
is  an  illustration  of  the  state  of  affairs  just 
preceding  the  new  management  by  With- 
erings,  afforded  by  some  legal  proceedings 
arising  out  of  a  squabble  between  & 
working  post-masters  of  the  "Westeme 
Roade  ;'*  viz.  from  London  to  Plymouth. 
The  earlier  requirements  of  that  branch  of 
the  establishment  are  difficult  to  make 
out ;  but  what  would  the  traders  and  in- 
habitants of  the  counties  of  Hampshire, 
Dorset  and  Devon  now  say  to  the  decision 
that  the  ''stages  of  Postes"  to  Plymouth 
were  not  necessary,  "but  only  in  time  of 
war,"  and  being  then  only  usually  main* 
tained  were  to  be  discharged  ?  Such  wis 
said  to  be  the  case,  and  so  it  was  ordered 
by  a  warrant  under  the  Royal  Privy  Seal, 
dated  21   March,  8   James   I.     At  that 


*  See  also  "  Notes  and  Queries,*'  Nos.  73  and  166.  In  the  first-named  number 
some  particulars  are  given  in  answer  to  the  question  as  to  the  truth  of  Polwhele's  asser- 
tion that  the  Protector's  Attorney-General,  Prideaux,  invented  the  Post  Office.  In  No. 
166  is  an  interesting  article  by  Mr.  Bruce,  in  which  some  proclamations  of  James  I. 
(printed  in  the  Appendix  above  referred  to)  are  turned  to  excellent  account. 

GiNT.  Mag.  vol.  XL.  H 


50 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanue  Urban. 


[July, 


period,  it  should  however  be  remembered, 
there  were  but  three  other  lines  of  "  Postes" 
throughout  the  kingdom,  vis.  to  Berwick, 
Holyhead,  and  Dover.  Ten  years  after- 
wards the  requirements  of  the  district  are 
Mid  by  another  letter  of  Privy  Seal  to  ne- 
oeisitate  the  re -establishment  of  the  said 
stages  "  for  the  necessary  dispatch  of  let- 
ters and  packetts,"  and  the  Lords  of  the 
Treasury  were  directed  to  pay  to  Lord 
Stanhope  as  Master  of  the  Posts  the  rates 
of  the  posts  so  re-established,  as  set  forth 
in  the  schedule.  These  amounted  to 
twenty-three  shillings  for  the  entire  jour- 
ney from  London  to  Plymouth.  Such  was 
the  condition  of  the  establishment  as  fiir 
as  the  public  was  concerned ;  but  the  fol- 
lowing proceedings  let  us  a  little  behind 
the  scenes.  The  Court  of  Requests, 
which  exercised  so  considerable  an  equit- 
able jurisdiction  in  the  16th  and  part  of 
the  17th  century,*  was  appealed  to  in  the 
ninth  year  of  Charles  I.  (a.d.  1633)  by 
Thomas  Parkes,  who  styled  himself, "  Your 
Majesties  Deputie  Postmaster  at  or  neere 
Charinge  Crosse,*'  in  a  bill  of  complaint 
containing  the  following  statements : — On 
the  8th  Biarch,  in  the  sixth  year  of  the 
King's  reign,  an  agreement  was  made  be- 
tween the  factors  of  London  and  Plymouth 
and  the  post-master  or  deputy  post-master 
of  that  road  for  stages  between  the  said 
places;  vix.  that  the  said  deputy  post- 
master should  provide  every  one  who  came 
to  him  with  letters  with  a  horse  and  fur- 
niture to  the  next  stage  at  the  rate  oi2\d. 
a  mile,  and  Ad,  to  the  guide  for  returning 
with  the  horse.  And  Roger  Pymble,  post- 
master for  the  packett  at  Charing  Cross, 
one  of  the  principal  parties  to  the  said 
agreement,  agreed  with  the  said  Parkes 
that  he  would  send  a  guide  horse  for 
the  service  in  question  every  Tuesday. 
Pymble  receives  40/.  per  annum  for 
tUs  service,  but  the  complainant  gets 
nothing ;  and  yet  Pymble  often  neglected 
to  send  the  guide  horse  weekly.  Com- 
plainant had  given  a  bond  of  100/.  to  Ro- 
bert Barker  of  Plymouth  for  the  due  per- 
formance of  his  duties,  which  he  had  care- 
fully observed ;  and  now  Pymble,  having 
taken  offence  at  complainant,  has  com- 
bined with  the  said  Barker  to  sue  com- 
plainant on  his  bond  for  alleged  neglect  of 
duty  ;  though  if  any  had  occurred  it  must 
have  been  occasioned  by  Pymble* s  own 
neglect  in  not  sending  the  guide  horse  as 
Qsoal  for  the  carriage  of  letters.  The 
other  post<masters  on  the  road  take  the 
full  benefit  of  both  letters  and  horses  ; 
but  the  complainant  taken  nothing  from 
letters,  and  the  servants  of  Pymble  much 


injure  complainant's  horses  on  their  re- 
turn by  their  "  disordered  ridings,"  to  the 
value  of  40/.  a-year.  Now  the  agreement 
made  between  complainant  and  Pymble 
being  obtained  by  chance  or  indirect 
means,  complainant  ought  not  to  be  sued 
for  the  sum  named  therein  ;  and  the  Court 
is  prayed  to  issue  a  writ  directing  Pymble 
and  the  other  parties  to  set  out  the  agree- 
ment, and  stay  proceedings  on  the  bond. 

Process  must  have  been  speedily  issued, 
for  the  Bill  is  endorsed  "23  January,  9 
Chas.  L,"  and  on  the  29th  of  the  same 
monUi  the  following  answer  was  made 
to  it  :— 

^'  The  joynt  and  Beverall  answers  of  Roger 
Pymble,  Robert  Barker,  and  John 
Northcott,  three  of  the  Defendants,  to 
the  BiU  of  Thomas  Parkes,  PlaintifT. 

"The  said  Roger  Pymble  for  himself 
answereth  that  in  or  about  the  24th  Fe- 
bruary 1629,  upon  the  humble  petition 
made  to  the  Right  Honourable  the  Lords 
of  the  Councell  by  all  the  packett  Postes 
of  the  Westerne  roade  from  London  to 
Plymouth,  viz.,  by  this  Defendant  Roger 
Pymble  packett  Post  att  Charinge  Crosse, 
James  Wilkinson  Post  of  Staynes,  Henry 
Davis  of  Hartfordbridge,  Anthony  Spittle 
of  Bassingstoke,  John  Tarrant  of  Andover, 
Richard  Myles  of  Salisburie,  Nicholas 
Compton  of  Sbafburie,  John  Smith  of 
Sherburne,  Thomas  Huchins  of  Crooke- 
heme,  Robert  Searle  of  Honiton,  Thomas 
Neweman  of  Exeter,  Thomas  Cruse  of 
Asburton,  and  Abraham  Jenninges  Post- 
master of  Plymouth,  against  one  Samuel 
Jude  calling  himself  travelling  Post,  for 
appropriating  to  himself  the  sole  carriage 
of  all  merchantes  letters  and  dispaches 
betweene  London  and  Plymouth,  alto- 
gether excluding  his  Majesties  Postes,  and 
likewise  the  carnage  ofpacketts  on  horse- 
back in  the  nature  of  a  Post ; — their  Lord- 
ships, upon  consideracion  had  hereof,  and 
finding  the  proceedinges  of  the  said  Jude 
to  be  verie  prejudiciall  to  his  Migcsties 
service  in  disabling  and  discouraging  of 
his  Majesties  said  Postes  by  excluding 
them  from  the  said  employment.  Did  order 
that  the  said  Peticioners  his  Majesties 
packett  Postes  should  carry  all  such  letters 
and  dispaches  of  all  such  marchauntes 
and  others  as  should  employe  them  be- 
tweene London  and  Plymouth  without 
[the  said  Jude's]  pulling  down  their  billes 
either  in  London  or  Plymouth,  or  giving 
them  anie  interruption  in  the  said  service, 
whereof  as  well  the  Lord  Mayor  and  other 
Magistrates  of  London,  Salisbury,  Ex- 
eter and  Plymouth,  and  all  other  his  Ma- 


*  See  the  Twelfth  Report  of  the  Deputy  Keeper  uf  the  Public  Records  (page  8)  for 
80«e  aooooAt  of  this  Court. 


1858.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanwt  Urban. 


51 


jestiefl  sabjecU  and  officers,  were  required 
to  goTeme  themselves  accordinglj.  And 
for  ptirpote  of  performing  sach  order  and 
ftithful  and  spe«die  conrejance  of  all  let- 
ters that  should  be  brought  them,  the  said 
Post  Masters  became  severally  bound  in 
50/.  a  piece  in  a  Bond  dated  8  March, 
aono  6,  as  may  appere.  And  while  the 
said  orders  and  articles  were  in  hand  to  be 
drawn  and  concluded,  on  the  said  com- 
plainant's hearing  thereof  and  understand- 
ing that  it  was  by  one  of  the  said  articles 
conduded  that  the  said  postes  would  pro- 
vide horses  every  Tuesday  for  all  passen- 
gers that  would  ride  awaye  with  the  letters 
from  stage  to  stage  for  single  post  paye, 
vix.,  2\d,  the  mile  and  Ad,  for  bringing 
back  the  horse.  He  the  said  Complainant 
forthwith  became  acquainted  with  the  said 
Robert  Searle  post  of  Honytoo,  who  was 
then  chief  agent  in  the  said  business  be- 
fore their  Honors.  And  they  two  agreed 
that  the  said  Complainant  should  every 
Tuesday  furnish  all  passengers  that  came 
to  ride  away  with  the  letters  with  a  horse, 
&c,  to  the  next  stage  at  the  rate  aforesaid, 
and  became  bound  in  50/.  for  the  same,  as 
did  all  the  other  postes  for  performance  of 
their  articles;  all  which  bonds  were  de- 
livered to  the  Defendant  Barker  to  sue  for 
the  same  in  case  of  any  default.  And  he 
utterly  denies  that  any  agreement  was 
ever  made  to  supply  the  Complainant 
with  a  horse  weekly  as  alleged  by  him. 
And  Defendant  further  saith  that  he 
also  is  bound  in  50/.  to  receive  and  take 
into  his  own  hands  and  custody  ffom  the 
factors  of  Ixmdon  and  Plymouth  respec- 
tively all  such  letters  and  other  things  as 
they  shall  send  or  bring  him,  and  them 
speedely  and  safely  to  send  away  to  the 
next  stage  and  there  deliver  them.  True 
it  is  he  the  Defendant  receaveth  some  be- 
nefitt  by  the  said  letters,  as  is  both  right 
and  requisit,  but  never  to  the  value  of  40/. 
a-year,  as  untruely  alleged.  And  he  further 
layth  that  the  Complainant  hath  from  week 
to  week  for  near  two  years  past,  as  this  De- 
fendant hopes  to  prove,  utterly  refused  and 
neglected  to  performe  those  orders  and  ar- 


ticles, and  hathe  taken  the  whole  paye  for 
careyng  expresses  and  hath  not  been  ac- 
comptable  for  the  same.  All  which  said 
neglect  hath  dampniiied  the  passengers,  in 
frustrating  their  jomey  and  affairs,  and  pre- 
judiced the  postes,  so  that  the  penalty  will 
not  satisfy  the  same,  and  hathe  as  much  aa 
in  him  lay  thereby  sought  to  overthrowe 
and  disparage  the  said  business,  which  is 
generally  taken  and  knowne  to  be  most 
usefull,  and  a  publicke  good  and  benefltt 
to  his  Majesties  loving  subjects.  And  he 
denies  any  combination,  &c.  with  Barker, 
but  alleges  the  bond  to  be  put  in  suit  by  the 
postes  on  account  of  the  loss  occasioned 
by  Complainant*s  neglect.  And  this  De- 
fendant further  saith  that  at  the  first  set- 
tling of  the  said  buseness  the  merchantes 
both  of  London  and  Plymouth  stood  in 
opposition  with  the  said  postes  before  Mr. 
Secretarie  Coke  requiring  securitie  of  the 
said  postes  for  the  safetie  and  carriage  of 
their  letters,  5cc.,  whereon  it  was  agreed 
that  the  said  postes  should  be  bound  in 
50/.  each  to  be  deposited  with  some  mer- 
chant.'* 

For  this  purpose  the  defendant  Barker 
was  chosen  to  keep  the  bonds.  A  general 
denial  of  the  complainant^s  statement  is 
made,  and  it  is  alleged  that  he  "  hath  much 
abused  and  wronged  the  couotrey  in  taking 
up  their  (defendant's)  horses  and  kepinge 
them  a  day  or  nighte  and  releasing  them 
again  for  money,  and  not  using  them 
in  any  service  at  all,  and  abusing  the 
patsengert  mo9  than  beMeemeth,'*'*  The 
defendant  Barker  supports  this  answer 
generally,  and  says  thisit  he  is  about  to 
sue  the  complainant  on  his  bond  for 
neglect  of  his  duty  and  abuse  of  passen- 
gers. To  the  same  effect  also  Northcote 
answers. 

Unfortunately  the  proceedings  of  the 
Court  of  Requests  are  so  imperfect  that 
the  result  of  the  complainant's  application 
has  been  looked  for  in  vain ;  but  your 
readers  will,  I  think,  have  little  difficulty 
in  gathering  some  new  and  curious  par- 
ticulars from  what  has  been  already  given. 

Yours,  &c.     J.  B. 


Historical  Notes  on  the 

Ma.  Urban, — ^The  last  accounts  from 
Ireland  of  the  manufacture  of  Sugar  from 
Beet-root  are  very  encouraging.  As  the 
subject  is  likely  to  excite  increased  atten- 
tion, the  following  particulars  of  the  French 
manufbcture  during  the  late  war  (when 
luppliet  from  the  colonies  were  prevented) 
are  offered  as  historical  memoranda.  If 
they  are  partly  unfavourable,  it  must  be 
renemberad  that  the  knowledge  of  former 


Culture  of  Beet-Root. 

failures  is  often  necessary,  as  a  guide  to 
future  success. 

The  discovery  of  making  sugar  from  beet- 
root has  been  attributed  to  M.  Achard,  a 
Prussian,  who  published,  at  the  end  of  tiie 
last  century,  "  Instructions  for  making 
Sugar,  Molasses,  and  Vinous  Spirit  from 
BcetTOot."  But  the  original  idea  was 
suggested  in  1605,  by  Olivier  de  Serrea, 
the  celebrated  French  agronomist.*    In 


*  This  and  fereral  other  dates  are  taken  firom  the  list  of  "  Inventions  et  D^couvertes,"^ 
■mMnded  to  the  later  editiona  of  Lenglet's  chronology.    The  one  quoted  is  that 
1823y  2  Tola.  8?o.    (Menard.) 


52 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


[July, 


1781  Margraf,  of  Berlin,  arriTed  at  a  stage 
in  the  manufactnre  which  has  obtained  the 
name  of  diacoyery.  Dr.  Moaeley,  in  his 
informing  and  amusing  Treatise  on  Sugar, 
(3nd  ed.  1800),*  has  copied  several  parti- 
cnlars  from  Neumann's  Chemistry,  by 
which  it  appears  that  in  Canada  sugar  was 
made  from  the  maple-tree,  and  also  in 
Sweden  ;  that  the  common  birch  yields  a 
laocharine  juice ;  and  that  yarions  vegeta- 
bles, for  instance  beet-root,  afford  saccha- 
rine concretes.  It  is  also  attainable  from 
grapes,  particularly  dried  raisins,  for  large 
grains  of  pure  sugar  are  often  found  among 
Malaga  raisins,  that  have  lain  long  com- 
pressed  together,     (p.  132-5.) 

In  March,  1800,  sugar  made  by  Achard 
from  beet-root  was  received  in  Paris.  The 
subject  soon  engaged  the  attention  of 
Napoleon,  who  was  so  sanguine  of  his 
project,  that  the  celebrated  Chaptal  was 
dismissed  from  the  ministry  of  the  interior 
in  1804,  because  he  did  not  enter  suffi- 
ciently into  it  in  his  report  on  the  subject. 
(Diet,  des  Ministres,  par  M.  GaUois, 
1838,  p.  <;3.)  In  1808,  the  sirup  of 
raisins  (which  however  had  been  pre- 
viously indicated)  was  discovered  (as  the 
French  say)  by  M.  Proust.  But  up  to 
that  period  these  inventions  had  little 
•access.  Lord  Blayney,  who  passed  some 
time  in  France  as  a  prisoner  of  war  on 
parole,  thus  describes  the  result,  under 
the  date  of  1811.  **  Sugar,  of  which  the 
French  arc  immoderately  fond,  they  are 
obliged  to  forego  ;  for,  though  they  have 
been  amused  v^nth  the  idea  of  extracting 
the  article  from  raisins,  beet-root.  &c.  the 

Sodace  is  only  yet  to  be  found  in  the 
oniteur,  not  a  grain  having  appeared  in 
the  market.  It  is  true,  indeed,  a  sirup  of 
grapes  has  been  intro  iuced  into  com- 
merce, but  those  who  have  once  made  use 
of  it  will  never  be  taken  in  a  second  time  ; 
for,  independent  of  its  possessing  a  very 
small  portion  of  the  sweetening  ])rinciple, 
which  renders  its  use  as  dear  as  sugar,  it 
contains  a  powerful  acid,  that  acts  most 
disagreeably  on  the  bowels."  (Narra- 
tive of  a  Forced  Journey,  vol.  i.  p.  483-4.) 
Napoleon  complained  at  St.  Helena,  that 
"  the  old  aristocracy,  tho^  enemies  to  our 
prosperity,  exhausted  all  their  wit  in  stupid 
jokes  and  frivolous  caricatures."  (Las 
Cases,  part  iii.  p.  338.)  What  reason  he 
had  for  attributing  these  squibs  to  the 
royalists  in  particular  does  not  appear. 
Two  of  them  are  described  by  Lord  Blay- 
ney at  the  same  place  in  his  narrative  as 
the  former  extract.  "  One  represents 
George  the  Third  and  Napoleon  on  op- 
posite sides  of  a  table,  with  a  cup  of  coffee 


before  each ;  our  king  is  diasolving  tlie 
point  of  a  great  loaf  of  sugar  into  his, 
while  Nap.  is  grinning  horribly  in  trying 
to  squeeze  a  drop  of  sweetening  from  a 
large  beet-root.  A  second  caricatare  on 
the  same  subject  shews  how  deeply  tiie 
French  are  interested  in  it  ;  it  repreaenti 
the  king  of  Rome  sucking  a  beet-root, 
making  wry  faces,  and  exclaiming  '  Voili 
an  joli  morcean  de  sacre  que  mon  papa 
m'a  donn^.'  "     (p.  485.) 

Nevertheless,  the  process  continoed,  and 
other  modes  were  adopted  along  with  it, 
which  have  been  called  inventions,  although 
when  compared  with  the  passage  quoted 
from  Neumann,  it  will  be  seen  that  they 
were  only  copies.  In  1810  sugar  was 
made  from  the  maple>tree,  and  the  prince 
of  Auersburg  set  up  a  manufactory  of  it. 
In  April,  1811,  the  impulse  given  to  the 
culture  of  beet-root  in  France  had  ex- 
tended itself  to  Germany ;  and  on  May 
35  Napoleon  ordered  3S,000  hectares  of 
land  (about  64,000  acres)  to  be  devoted  to 
it  for  making  sugar.  October  33,  Gnerani, 
of  Florence,  succeeded  in  extracting  sugar 
from  chesnuts ;  and  in  November  the 
fabrication  of  the  article  firom  beet-root, 
by  Achard,  was  announced  as  being  brought 
to  perfection.  In  December  it  was  ex- 
tracted fi-om  meal,  and  from  the  arbntnt. 
On  Jan.  2,  1812,  HaQy  certified  that  the 
crystalline  forms  of  beet«root  sugar  were 
the  same  as  those  of  the  cane. 

While  scientific  results  were  so  favour- 
able, poetry  was  not  silent.  For  instance, 
at  the  birth  of  the  king  of  Rome,  M.  Mi- 
chaud,  the  celebrated  Academician,  con- 
tributed to  the  numerous  congratulations 
some  stanzas,  in  which  he  boasts  that  at 
the  signal  given  by  a  hero  a  new  Flora 
("une  Flore  inconnue^^)has  appeared  in  the 
forests  of  France,  and  that  the  honey  of 
America  {**  le  miel  Americain  ")  will  grow 
in  her  furrows.  His  note  on  this  stanza 
if, — "  S.  M.  TEmpereur  vient  d'encon- 
rager  la  culture  des  plantes  qui  peavent 
supplier  k  rindigo,  a  la  cochenille,  a  la 
canoe  dc  sucre,  etc.'*  Bjjbre$t»  he  means 
particularly  that  of  Fontainebleaa,  which 
was  devoted  to  the  experiment. 

The  subject  is  thus  noticed  by  Alison 
in  his  History  of  Europe :  *'  Beet-root 
was  largely  cultivated  as  a  snbstitate  for 
the  sugar-cane,  and,  though  the  saccharine 
matter  obtained  from  that  useful  vegetable 
was  inferior  in  sweetness  and  richness  to 
that  which  the  West  India  islands  yielded, 
yet  it  was  superior  in  clearness  and  deli- 
cacy, and,  as  a  native  production,  was 
justly  admired.'*     (Vol.  vi.  p.  396  ) 

Napoleon  asserted  that  the  French  na- 


*  It  should  not  be  forgotten  here  that  this  volume  was  **  printed  by  John  Nidioli, 
Red  Lion  Passage.  Fleet  Street."  Sec  the  Literary  Anecdotes  of  the  Eighteenth  Cen- 
tury, vol.  ix.  pp.  30,  219,  240. 


1853.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


53 


tion  were  indebted  to  him  for  the  caltiva- 
tion  of  sugar,  indigo,  and  cotton.  (Las 
Cases,  part  iii.  p.  338.)  He  enumerated 
among  his  treasures  "  funds  accumulated 
to  establish  upwards  of  400  manufactories 
of  sugar  from  beet-root,  for  the  consump- 
tion of  part  of  France,  and  which  would 
have  furnished  sugar  at  the  same  price  as 
the  West  Indies,  if  they  had  continued  to 
recetre  encouragement  for  only  four  years 
longer."  (Ibid.  vi.  251.)  But  Lord  Blay- 
ney,  who  paid  some  attention  to  the  sub- 
ject, ascertained  that  it  was  not  so  suc- 
cessful as  the  emperor  wished  it  to  be 
thought  *' The  Duke  of  Reggio  (Marshal 
Ondinot)  in  order  to  please  bis  master  and 
ruin  Old  England,  almost  ruined  himself 
by  speculations  in  •  the  preparation  of 
beet-root  sugar."  (Vol.  ii.  p.  260.)  When 
his  lordship  visited  the  building,  at  Bar  in 
Lorraine,  where  the  works  had  been  carried 
on,  it  was  converted  to  rearing  cattle  of 
the  Dutch  and  Flanders  breed,  **  fattening 
on  the  beet-root  planted  to  make  sugar, 
for  which  it  seems  to  be  much  better  cal- 
culated, and  is  besides  said  to  give  the 
meat  a  delicious  flavour."*  At  the  Re- 
storation, when  West  Indian  sugar  could 
again  be  procured,  the  home  manufacture 
declined.  M.  Peignot  (the  eminent  biblio- 
grapher) in  his  "Precis  Chronologique 
dePHistoire  de  France,"  1815,  (a  work 
not  written  in  an  anti-Corsican  spirit) 
layi  significantly,  "  La  d^ouverte  du 
Sucre  de  betterayes  an  19*  si^cle  n'a  pas 


eu  le  sttcc^s  qu'on  en  attendoit  et  qu'on 
faisoit  espirer."  (p.  146.)  The  follow- 
ing stanza,  in  a  ballad  of  M.  Menetrier's, 
on  the  accession  of  Louis  XVIII.  affords 
even  a  stronger,  because  a  popular,  evi- 
dence of  the  decline  :— 

Qu'il  naisse  fille  ou  garyon, 
Les  parrains,  faisant  lea  braves, 
Ponrront  ofTrir  au  poupon 
En  confiture  et  bonbon  ; 

Bon,  bon,  gr&ce  a  Bourbon, 
Plus  de^'tM  de  betteravei; 

Bon,  bon,  car  un  Bourbon 
Est  toujours  bon.f 

On  Nov.  23, 1814,  foreign  refined  sugars 
were  prohibited  in  France,  which  indicates 
the  desire,  with  the  returning  opportunity, 
of  promoting  colonial  interests.  Finally, 
in  General  Ambert*s  pamphlet,  "  De 
rotilit^  des  colonies  par  la  France,**  1822, 
which  advocates  particularly  the  exclusion 
of  English  sugar,  there  is  no  obvious  al- 
lusion to  the  subject  of  beet-root,  &c.  a 
silence  which  betokens  that  the  sugar-cane 
had  resumed  its  place. 

M.  Achard  died  in  1831,  having  seen 
the  fall  of  his  experiment  as  well  as  its 
rise.  What  new  prosperity  may  now  at- 
tend it,  under  circumstances  of  competi- 
tion, instead  of  compulsion,  is  an  interest- 
ing question,  the  solution  of  which  must 
be  left  to  time,  and  awaited  patiently. 
Yours,  &c.        J.  T.  M. 


Saint  Jameses  Park. 


Mr.  Urban, — A  few  remarks  upon 
your  Correspondent  T.  E.  T.'s  commu- 
nication on  this  subject  appear  to  be  called 
for.  While  it  must  be  admitted  that  further 
information  upon  the  subject  is  afforded 
both  by  my  own  communication  and  that 
of  T.  E.  T.,  I  should  not  therefore  infer 
that  the  additional  particulars  thus  supplied 
shew  the  ''  Hand-book  of  London  "  to  be 
wanting.  It  could  never  be  expected  that 
the  author  would  be  able  to  consult  such 
sources  of  information  as  the  Patent  Rolls 
or  the  Privy  Seals.  Your  pages,  Mr. 
Urban,  are  open  to  those  who,  like  T.  E.  T. 
or  myself,  may  occasionally  bring  to  light 
interesting  facts  from  those  or  other 
original  sources,  which  may  be  made  use 
of  in  another  edition  of  such  works  as  the 
"  Handbook."  The  liiile  ponds  remain- 
ing in  Saint  James*s  Park  when  laid  out 
by  Charles  U.  were  very  probably  not 


those  for  which  the  keepers  were  ap- 
pointed; but  I  can  perceive  nothing  dis* 
cordant  in  the  two  contributions  of  T.  E.  T. 
and  myself,  or  between  the  "  Handbook  " 
and  the  Stat.  23  Hen.  VIII.  c.  21. 

As  a  trifling  addition  to  the  history  of 
the  palace,  I  subjoin  the  copy  of  a  letter 
addressed  in  the  year  1604  by  Edward 
Earl  of  Worcester,  Master  of  the  Horse 
to  the  King,  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Signet, 
directing  stables  and  other  accommodation 
to  be  provided  at  Saint  James's  when  it 
was  appropriated  as  a  residence  to  the 
Prince  of  Wales,  then  not  four  years  of 
age.  How  far  the  re-laying  out  of  the 
park,  brought  to  notice  in  my  previous 
communication,  was  connected  with  the 
works  executed  for  the  occupation  of  the 
palace  by  the  Prince,  I  must  leave  to  your 
readers. 

*'  Whereas  St.   Jameses  bowse  is  ap- 


*  He  adds  some  observations  on  the  mode  of  cultivating  it  for  that  purpose,  and 
tayi  that  the  land  which  suits  hops  is  good  for  it.  The  cow  gives  one-third  more  milk 
than  if  fed  on  hay  in  winter,  while  the  milk  is  as  sweet  as  in  summer,     (pp.  261,  264.) 

t  This  ballad,  contrasted  with  the  author's  former  eulogy  of  Napoleon,  whom  he 
had  atykd  "  lliomme  au  destin,"  procured  him  a  merited  admittance  into  the  noted 
**  Dietiomudre  dM  Girouettes." 


54 


Corre$pondenc0  ofSylnanui  Urban. 


[July, 


poynted  by  his  Ma*'«  for  the  Prince  to  lye 
at,  unto  the  w'=^  there  is  neyther  bame  nor 
stable  belonginge,  the  w*^  wante  of  neces- 
sitie  must  bee  supplyed  :  Theise  are  there- 
fore to  praye  you  to  draw  a  warrant  unto 
the  Lo.  Heighe  Treasurer  to  gyve  his  direc- 
tions unto  the  officers  of  his  Ma^'*' 
woorkes  for  the  buildinge  of  suche  con- 
▼enient  stablinge  and  barne  roome  as  shall 
there  bee  founde  needfull  for  the  Prince's 


service.— WhitehaU,  this  zij*^   of   Jnlj, 
1604. 

«*  Yo'  loYinre  ffreind, 

"  (Signed)         E.  Woacbstsr. 

To  the  Right  Woo' S'  Thorn. 
Lake,  knight,  one  of  the 
clarkes  of  his  Ma***' 
Signctt." 

Yours,  &c.  J.  B. 


(I 


"  Ueydon  with  One  Hand/'  and  Elisabbthan  Dubls. 


Mr.  Urban, — Having  learnt  from  vari- 
ous quarters  the  interest  with  which  many 
of  your  readers  perused  the  details  of  the 
Elixabethan  duel,  which  were  published 
in  your  Magaiine  for  May,  I  have  to  re* 
quest  your  insertion  of  a  few  additional 
illustrations  of  the  subject. 

Lord  Strangford  has  favoured  me  with 
the  sight  of  a  MS.  volume  in  his  posses- 
sion, from  which  it  appears  that  the  severed 
hand  was  formerly  in  the  possession  of 
'*  honest  Tom  Martin  of  Palgrave,''  the 
author  of  the  History  of  Thetford.  This 
must  have  been  after  it  had  left  the  cus- 
tody of  Sir  John  Heydon*s  kinsfolk  the 
Lomaxes,  and  before  it  came  into  the  pos- 
session of  I>ord  Maynard.  Martin  died  in 
1771  ;  shortly  after  which  his  collections 
were  dispersed  :  see  Nichols's  Literary 
Anecdotes,  vol.  v.  p.  388. 

The  MS.  in  question  was  written  by  one 
William  Heydou,  possibly  no  rtlation  of 
Sir  John,  or,  if  so,  not  very  nearly  allied ; 
but  Martin,  when  he  wrote  the  following 
memorandum,  wa&  disposed  to  confuse  the 
parties : — 

*'  Qncre  ?  if  this  ik>ok  did  not  belong 
to  S'  W"  Hey  don  of  Baconsthorpe  in 
Norff.  whose  hand  I  have  (cut  off.) 

**  An  Astrological  Discourse  w*^  Mathe- 
matical! Demonstrations,  Proving  the  In- 
fluence of  y'  Planets  and  fixed  Stars  upon 
Elementary  Bodye^,  by  S'  Christopher 
Ueydon,  Ku*. 

**  Advertis'd  in  Selden'a  «»KANePnnoi." 

The  MS.  is  a  quarto  volume  of  some 
180  leaves,  written  by  one  William  Hey- 
don  in  the  year  1(>40,  and  bound  for  him 
in  the  same  year,  being  lettered  on  the 
back  LOGIC  A,  on  the  front  board— 
GVILIELMVS 
HEIDON 
And  I  in  the  other  board — 
ANGLUS, 
ANNO  IG4(». 

In  all  probability  the  book  was  written 
at  fturae  foriif;n  university — perhaps  at 
Douay.  This  would  In;  the  cause  of  its 
owner  styhng  him»elf  Angi.i's,  both  with- 
inside  and  on  the  cover,  lie  may  have 
been  a  relative  of  the  Jebuit  John  Haydon, 


who  is  thus  noticed  by  Dr.  Oliver,  in  hiB 
biography  of  the  members  of  that  Society : 
**  John  Haydon,  of  London,  at  the  age  of 
26  was  aggregated  to  the  Order.  This  ex- 
perienced missionary  died  in  England  16$8, 
«t.  73." 

It  appears  to  have  been  wholly  wrHten 
by  the  hand  of  William  Heidon,  who  haa 
also  perpetuated  his  calligraphic  skill  in 
some  clever  pen-and-ink  drawings  of 
flowers,  fruits,  cherubs,  monkeys,  he*  u 
the  heads  to  the  several  chapters.  Tho 
principal  title  is,  Deductiones  PhilosophicB 
ex  libris  Ar[i8tote]lis  et  aliomm  Ffailo- 
sophorum.  In  another  title  towards  the 
end  of  the  book  he  styles  himself  *'  Gui- 
lielmus  Heydon  Anglus  Logicos  Regint 
Duret.*  Anno  miUesimo  sexcentetimo 
quadragesimo  Octavo  kalendas  menaii 
Maij  ;  *'  and  at  the  head  of  another  fwbicii 
also  contains  his  name)  is  a  shield  of  arms 
of  a  lion  rampant.  The  concluding  lioei 
of  the  whole  book  are  thus  written : 

hsc  dicta  isunt  ad  maiorem 

dei  gloriam  divK  Virginia 

Angeloru  &  Archangc- 

lorum,  sanctorum  D. 

Thoms  &  Caterinc 

&  alioru  sanctoru 

&  sanctarum 

Amen 

so  be  it. 

At  the  head  of  the  title-page  is  written 
Guiiieimus  Martin  hune  lenet  ei  itmtbit. 

This  William  Martin  was  probably  the 
father  or  grandfather  (they  were  both 
named  William,  and  clergymen^  of  Thomas 
Martin  of  Palgrave,  the  Norfolk  antiquary 
and  collector,  and  writer  of  the  memo- 
randum already  copied. 

In  the  second  place,  I  may  mention  that 
u  notice  of  the  death  of  Sir  William  Hey- 
don (nephew  to  Sir  John)  occurs  in  the 
Diary  of  Walter  Vonge,  printed  for  the 
Camden  Society.  In  the  attack  on  the 
isle  of  Rhc  in  i(t27.  he  was  one  of  those 
who  were  drowned. 

In  respect  to  the  manner  in  which  the 
Norwich  durl  was  fought,  without  wtt- 
nesttea  vMo  couhl  postibty  intfffert,  it  is 


*  This  word  is  obscurely  written. 


1853.] 


Corr€9pondenc9  ofSf^hanu*  Urban. 


55 


shown  by  another  nearly  contemporary 
instance  that  such  was  the  practice.  There 
is  extant  the  formal  **  indenture  of  intent  *' 
drawn  up  preparatory  to  a  duel  to  be 
fought  between  Thomas  Musgrave  and 
Lancelot  Carleton  on  the  8th  April,  1602. 
They  were  *'  to  fight  on  foot ;  to  be  armed 
with  jack  and  steel  cap,  plaite  sleeves, 
pUute  breeches,  plaite  socks,  two  swords, 
the  blades  to  be  one  yard  and  half  a  ouarter 
of  length,  two  Scotch  daggers  or  dirks  at 
their  girdles. .  .  .  Two  gentlemen  to  be 
appointed  in  the  field  to  view  both  the 
parties,  to  see  that  they  both  be  equal  in 


arms  and  weapons,  according  fo  this  in- 
denture ;  and,  being  so  viewed,  the  geiUlih 
mcjt  to  ride  to  the  rest  qfthe  company  mud 
leave  them ;  but  two  boys,  viewed  by  the 
gentlemen,  to  be  under  sixlccn  years  of 
age,  to  hold  their  horses." 

The  grounds  of  this  quarrel  were  that 
Carleton  had  charged  Musgrave  with 
neglect  of  his  duty  as  captain  of  Bewcastle, 
and  with  having  offered  to  deliver  the  same 
to  the  King  of  Scots.  The  indenture  will 
be  found  in  Betham's  Baronetage,  1801, 
4to<  vol.  i.  p.  81. 

Yours,  &c.        J.  G.  N. 


Sir  Bevis  Bulmbr  and  the  Mines  of  Mendip. 


Mr.  Urban, — A  perusal  of  the  very 
interesting  account  of  "  A  trip  to  the  Gold 
Regiona  of  Scotland,"  communicated  by 
A.  B.  G.,  has  induced  me  to  forward  to  you 
the  following  transcripts  of  letters  under 
the  priry  signet  from  King  James  I.  on 
behalf  of  the  **  Golden  Knight"  They 
are  in  reference  to  the  lead  mines  at 
Mendip,  in  Somersetshire,  in  which  he 
appears  to  have  been  much  interested,  and 
hia  interests  very  badly  served,  while  en- 
gaiced  in  the  workings  at  Leadhills.  It 
was  perhaps  owing  to  the  interference  of 
hia  royal  patron  in  this  matter  that  Bul- 
mer  derived  so  much  profit  as  he  is  said 
to  hare  done  from  his  undertakings  there. 
The  first  letter  is  dated  the  29th  of  May, 
1605;  and  the  second,  the  10th  of  March 
following  (the  regnal  year  beginning  on 
the  24th  of  March).  They  are  addressed 
to  the  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells  and 
others  ;  and  they  shew  that  Sir  Bevis  had 
been  away  from  Mendip  for  two  years  be- 
fore the  first  was  written. 

**  Right  reverend  father  in  God,  o**  right 
trustie  and  welbeloved,  and  trusty  and  wel- 
beloved,  we  greete  yo*  well.  We  are  in- 
formed that  C  servant,  Bevis  Bulmer, 
knight,  being  lawfully  possessed  of  sondrie 
pitches  lying  in  o'  fforest  of  Mendip,  in 
o'  county  of  Somersett,  is  much  abused 
by  his  servant  John  Hale  of  Hawkes, 
woo  now  of  late  in  his  master's  absence 
and  imploym^  in  b'  service  in  Scotland, 
hath  oovenously  w^''out  his  M*^  privity  or 
anthoritie  passed  over  the  said  pitches  to 
divers  persons  as  in  his  owne  right,  to  the 

Crejudice  and  damage  of  his  M**;  and  have 
in  moved  to  recomend  the  cause  unto 
TO"  being  formerly  acquainted  therew*^ 
Wherefore  we  require  yo",  and  by  theise 
presentes  authorise  yo"  by  all  good  meanes, 
to  informe  yo'selves  to  wbome  the  right 
and  interest  of  those  workes  doe  belonge, 
and  accordingly  to  cause  a  just  accompt 
to  be  token  of  all  the  oare  that  hath  bin 
landed  out  of  every  the  pitohes  aforesaid 
in  the  abaeooe  of  o'  servant  and  to  [whose] 
«if  and  profitt  the  same  hath  bin  con- 


verted for  theise  two  yeares  past,  and  of 
all  the  costes  and  charges  bestowed  about 
the  workes ;  and  in  the  meane  tyme  to 
make  stole  and  sequestracion  (yf  the  cus- 
tome  of  the  hill  where  those  pitehes  are 
doe  warrant  it)  of  all  such  oare  as  now  is 
above  grownd  and  landed,  or  hereafter  to 
be  landed  ;  and  in  particuler  to  enquire  of 
all  domages  w<>*  o'  said  servant  hath  sus- 
tained there  by  this  occasion,  and  to  cause 
certificate  to  be  sent  to  us  or  o'  counceU 
of  yo'  proceedinges  therein.  Given  under 
o'  signet  at  o'  mannor  of  Greenw*^^  the 
nine  and  twentith  dav  of  May,  in  the 
third  yeare  of  o'  raigne  of  England, 
France,  and  Ireland,  and  of  Scotland  the 
eight  and  thirtith  [1605]. 
"  Endorsed.— To  the  B.  of  Bath  and  Wells 
and  others;  for  S'  Bevis  Bulmer." 

That  this  letter  was  acted  upon  may  be 
gathered  from  the  contente  of  the  second. 

"Whereas  we  have  heretofore  written 
our  letters  unto  you  for  the  ezamininge  of 
a  controversie  betweene  our  servant  S* 
Bevis  Bulmer,  knight,  and  one  Jo.  Hole, 
of  the  parish  of  Wookey,  in  our  countie  of 
Somersett,  concerninge  diverse  abuses  and 
deceytes  practised  and  comitted  by  him 
against  our  said  servant  in  and  about  cer- 
teine  pitches,  groves,  and  workes  for  lead 
upon  our  forrest  of  Mendip,  whereupon 
you  eiamining  the  cause,  it  appereth  the 
said  Hole  bath  confessed  diverse  partes  to 
belonge  to  our  said  servaunt,  yet  not  his 
whole  right  therin  as  we  are  informed, 
upon  w^**  his  confession  by  vertue  of  our 
letters  you  sequestred  the  goodes  and  oare 
then  landed  untill  the  matter  was  further 
hard.  Notwithstanding,  in  contempt  of 
our  comaundment,  the  said  Hole  and 
others  clayminge  from  him  have  caried 
away  and  converted  to  their  owne  uses 
great  store  of  oare  and  goodes,  to  the  pre- 
judice of  our  said  servaunt  Wherfore  in 
regard  of  bis  present  imployment  in  our 
service  in  our  realme  of  Scotland  he  can- 
not attend  the  following  of  theis  his  ownt 
affaires,  wee  have  thought  fitt  that  yon 
should  againe  by  vertue  herof  examin* 


Ccrr€9pondene€  ofSylcanut  Urban, 


56 


the  laid  Hole  or  any  otfaen  that  can 

or  prove  amy  farther  right  then  is  alredie 
confetied  in  the  behalf  of  onr  said  ser- 
▼annt  in  the  groves  and  pitches  aforesaid, 
ejtiier  bj  the  costome  of  the  hill  or  other- 
waise.  And  also  to  move  the  said  Hole, 
and  soch  as  joa  shall  find  to  have  bought 
any  of  the  said  partes  of  him,  to  make 
rettitntion  of  all  such  oare  and  goodes  as 
thej  have  landed  and  carried  oat  of  the 
said  workes  to  soch  depaties  and  aasignes 
as  our  said  servant  shall  appoint  for  the 
same,  and  to  assist  the  deputies  of  oar 
said  servaant  in  the  workeing  of  his  said 
groves.  And  if  they  or  any  of  them  shall 
refuse  to  perfonne  yo'  order  therein,  then 
we  require  you  to  certifie  us  thereof,  or 


[July. 


some  of  o'  privy  ommodl,  that  we  may 
take  such  further  order  w*^  them  as  we 
shall  thinck  fitt.  And  these  o*  kttert  shall 
be  yo'  sufficient  warrant  and  discharge  m 
this  behalf.  Given  under  o'  signet  at  ow 
pallace  of  Westm'  the  tenth  day  of  Bfardi, 
in  the  third  yeare  of  o*  raigne  of  Grmft 
Britayne,  Fraunce,  and  Ireland. 

**  Endorsed.— To  the  Bishop  of  Bath  and 
Wells,  Jo.  May,  Francis  Baker,  and 
Thomas  Hughes,  Esqui";  to  three  or 
two  of  them  ;  for  S'  Bevis  Buhner." 

Some  further  particulars  would  proba- 
bly be  found  among  the  records  of  the 
Priw  Council.  Yours,  &c. 

J.  B. 


COKCKALORJI,  OA  IXPORHKftS  OF  LaKDS  CONCEALED  FROM  TDB  CaOWX. 

What,  did  he  counterfeat  his  prince's  hand. 
For  some  streave  *  lordship  of  concealed  Umd  * 

(Bishop  Hall*s 

Mr.  Urban, — I  am  tempted  by  the 
observations  of  your  Corre*p<mdent  J.  B. 
in  p.  371  of  your  number  for  October  last, 
to  resume  this  subject,  aa,  upon  reference 
to  my  remarks  I  do  not  find  anything  to 
show  that  my  illustration  or  comments, 
although  given  in  a  compressed  form,  were 
either  indistinct  or  erroneous.  The  ccm- 
cemiort  confined  their  operations  strictly 
to  the  ferreting  out  lands  concealed  from 
the  Crown,  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining 
grants  thereof  to  themselves  upon  easy 
terms ;  and  their  occupation  may  be  said 
to  have  ceased,  so  far  as  the  oppressive 
source  of  profit  was  concerned,  after  the 
passing  of  the  statute,  the  popular  title  of 
which,  in  recognising  them  by  the  api>ella- 
tion  t  they  had  in  common  parlance  ac- 
quired, gives  the  leading  clew  to  the  origin 
of  these  oppressive  acts,  the  non-limitation 
of  actions  or  suits  by  the  Crown,  under 
whose  prerogative  these  persons  sheltered 
themselves ;  for  after  the  passing  of  this 
statute  the  concealor  was  no  longer  the  sole 
party  to  be  compounded  with.  He  was  no 
longer  the  grantee  of  the  Crown,  nor  did 
he  in  anywise  represent  the  rights  of  the 
Crown ;  for  the  government,  seeing  how 
odious  such  proceedings  became,  found  it 
Ikr  more  expedient  to  limit  the  title  of  the 
Crown  to  a  reasonable  period,  and  at  the 
same  time,  even  in  those  cases  where  under 
such  new  limitation  the  Crown  had  good 


,  b.  V.  s.  I.) 

title  against  the  subject,  to  compound  for 
the  defective  title  and  the  arrears  of  meane 
profits. 

The  situation  of  a  person  in  possession 
of  land  originally  holden  of  the  Crown,  but 
to  which  he  could  show  no  title,  was  be- 
fore the  passing  of  this  statute  extremely 
precarious.  He  was  not  only  liable  to 
eviction  upon  the  process  issued  out  of  the 
Exchequer  to  recover  possession,  but  he 
was  rendered  personally  liable  for  arreart , 
dating  from  a  distant  period,  in  fsct  almoat 
incalculable,  and  these  arrears  alone  might 
reduce  him  to  begeary,  for  they  frequently 
exceeded  the  value  of  the  land  itself,  ^btt 
surrender  of  which  would  not  exonerate  a 
tenant  so  unfortunately  circumstanced. 

W  hen  we  consider  the  great  number  of 
attainders  that  took  place  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  the  Seventh  and  his  imm(^diate 
successors,  and  the  vast  amount  of  pro- 
perty that  had  been  overlooked  at  the  dis- 
solution of  the  monasteries  and  chantries, 
it  can  hardly  be  wondered  that  persona 
were  found  who,  paying  considerable  sums 
into  the  Exchequer  for  parcels  of  land 
lying  in  different  places,  many  of  them  re- 
mote from  each  other,  acquired  rights  that 
were  most  unscrupulously  exercised  against 
the  persons  in  possession.  And  when  it 
is  also  considered  that  these  rights  of  the 
Crown  were  also  farmed,  it  is  not  difficult 
to  perceive  how  projectors  who  had  acquired 


*  This  word  seems  to  be  used  for  t/ray,  and  Naren  in  bis  Glossary  cites  this  very 
ine  in  illustration  of  the  term,  which  1  cannot  find  cls.'where  than  in  the  rugged  lines 


line 

of  this  satirist. 


10,  b.  it  seems  to  have  been  of  genersl  application  to  crown  debts,  celatit^  i.  e.  caneaaM, 


1853.] 


Cor7*espondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban, 


57 


a  cheap  pennyworth  unconscionably  exer- 
cised their  delegated  powers  in  a  manner 
that  in  the  present  age  appears  too  hateful 
to  be  credible. 

The  Crown  certainly  did,  in  the  reign 
of  Queen  Elizabeth,  shortly  after  these 
practices  became  known,  begin  to  disclaim 
oppressive  acts,  and  issued  proclamations, 
and  constituted  a  commission  that  was 
renewed  in  the  ensuing  reign  of  King 
James  (when  these  abuses  had  reached 
their  heighth),  and  kept  on  foot  a  standing 
commission  enabling  tenants  of  Crown 
Lands  to  compound  at  certain  rates  for 
defective  titles,  the  parties  thus  com- 
pounding receiving  in  return  for  their 
money  a  certain  ajjsarance,  by  matter  of 
record,  for  their  land,  together  with  a 
discharge  of  the  much-dreaded  subject  of 
*' arrerages  ;''  and  then  there  came  the 
concluding  Act — the  Statute  against  Con- 
cealors — which,  as  I  before  observed, 
tended  to  quiet  the  possession  of  those 
who  held  upon  what  in  ordinary  cases 
would  have  been  deemed  sufficient  title. 

That  concealments  of  title  and  tenure 
subsequently  took  place  I  do  not  pretend 
to  deny;  as  in  fact,  concealed  titles  by 
escheat  occur  at  the  present  day  ;  and  in 
those  cases  where  the  wardship  of  an  in- 
fant heir  of  a  tenant  in  capite  accrued 
to  the  Crown,  it  became  the  duty  of  the 
Court  of  Wards,  where  the  tenure  was 
concealed,  to  notice  the  fact,  as  that  was 
a  fraud  upon  the  Crown,  and  it  was  not 
unreasonable  to  reward  the  person  giving 
information  ;  but  that" concealers  "  were, 
as  J.  B.  observes,  a  recognised  part  of  the 
machinery  of  the  Court  of  Wards  and 
Liveries  I  do  not  think  is  more  than  feebly 
invested  by  your  Correspondent. 

With  regard  to  derelict  lands  left  dry 
by  the  sea,  some  of  which  were  with  other 
lands  let  upon  lease  to  the  Dowager 
Countess  of  Peterborough  very  shortly 
after  the  Restoration,  as  J.  6.  N.  observes 
(Gent.  Mag.  Nov.  p.  489),  together  with 
some  other  concealed  lands,  I  find  upon  a 
careful  perusal  of  the  Patent  Roll  7  Jac. 
p.  7>  No.  13,  mem.  I,  nothing  to  lead  me 
to  any  other  conclusion  than  that  a  con- 
siderable portion  of  these  lands  had  been 
Jreviously  leased  out  in  the  time  of  King 
ames  the  First  by  the  Crown ;  *  and, 
althoogh  numerous  as  the  subject  of  a 
single  grant,  they  are  not  sufficient  to 


justify  the  idea  that  persons  who  stood  in 
the  relation  or  character  of  the  ancient 
concealor  existed  after  the  reign  of  King 
James  the  First.  Indeed  Typper  himself 
had  order  for  compensation  to  be  given 
him  for  his  pains;  and  the  commissions  of 
concealment  that  were  thereafter  issued 
(and  some  I  have  reason  to  believe  are  yet 
to  be  found  at  the  Petty  Bag  Office  so 
late  as  the  reign  of  Queen  Anne)  were 
confined  to  legitimate  cases  of  claim,  and 
none  other  than  those  where  the  Crown, 
having  been  defrauded,  enforced  its  rights 
through  the  medium  of  a  legal  inquiry. 

With  regard  to  the  concluding  obser- 
vations of  J.  B.,  who  submits  to  my  con- 
sideration whether  the  grants  of  the 
"  bodies  and  lands  **  of  persons  referred 
to  by  me  in  my  first  article  upon  this  sub- 
ject might  not  be  explained  by  the  opera- 
tion of  the  Court  of  Wards,  to  which 
your  Correspondent  directed  your  readers' 
attention,  I  have  to  say  that  the  tenor  of 
my  remarks  are  justified  in  the  letter  I 
sent  you,  and  published  in  your  Magazine 
for  October  last,  p.  371,  "  Bondage  in 
England."  Indeed,  although  wardship 
dealt  with  the  body  and  lands  of  the  infant 
ward,  yet  that  was  only  during  infancy, 
and  that  upon  a  free  tenure,  while  I 
broadly  allude  to  those  extortionate  grants 
that  enabled  a  patentee  to  aver  that  a  bate 
tenant  of  a  Crown  manor  was  bond  in 
blood,  and  thus  extorted  from  him  a  large 
sum  as  the  price  of  his  manumission, 
which  if  he  did  not  or  could  not  pay,  his 
tand  at  least  was  seized,  and  his  body 
awarded  liable  to  be  considered  bond, 
and  consequently  his  children  were  dis- 
paraged, and  also  lost  their  freedom. 
The  particulars  I  subsequently  commu- 
nicated to  you  respecting  these  odious 
transactions,  I  conceive  are  an  answer  to 
your  intelligent  Correspondent's  remarks. 

I  shall  now  cite  my  authorities  for  my 
present  assertions.  In  the  first  place,  Sir 
Edward  Coke,  in  his  Third  Institute  (a 
commentary  upon  various  statutes  of  his 
time),  gives  an  exposition  of  this  statute 
of  21  James  I.  against  Concealors ;  and, 
independently  of  his  legal  erudition,  he 
was  well  enabled  to  discourse  upon  these 
abuses  of  Concealors,  as  by  virtue  of  his 
office  as  Attorney- General  he  was  named 
in  several  commissions  **  for  defective 
titles."     The  passage  is  as  follows : — 


*  The  subject  of  this  grant  or  lease  was  the  Gridles,  near  Croft,  in  Lincolnshire, 
and  other  lands  left  dry  and  forsaken  by  the  sea,  saltmarshes,  lands  subject  to  inunda- 
tions, and  also  described  as  '*  inned,  recovered,  or  left  bare  or  dry  from  the  sea,*'  in  the 
county  of  Lincoln  and  elsewhere.  Some  of  the  grants  seem  identical  with  those  in  the 
grant  to  the  Dowager  Countess  of  Peterborough,  to  which  J.  G.  N.  alludes,  viz.  Pat. 
13  Car.  II.  p.  38,  n.  19.  The  above-mentioned  grant  was  made  to  Thomas  Earl  of 
Exeter  and  others. 

Gbmt.  Mao.  Vol.  XL.  1 


58 


Corretpondence  of  Siflvanus  Urban. 


[July, 


'*  Against  Concealoun  (turbidum  hcmi- 
genus)  *  and  all  pretences  of  conceale- 
ments  whatsoeTer.f 

«•  Statnt.  de  anno  21  Jac.  cap.  2.— That 
the  King's  Majestie,  bis  heirs  or  succes- 
■on,  shall  not  at  any  time  hereafter  sue, 
impeach,  qaestion,  or  implead  anj  person 
or  persons,  bodies  politick  or  corporate,  &c. 

**  The  Act  is  long,  and  need  not  here  be 
rehearsed.  Yet  wUl  we  peruse  and  ex- 
plain the  several  branches  and  parts  of 
the  Act 

"  Before  the  making  of  this  statute,  in 
respect  of  that  ancient  prerogative  of  the 
Croune,  that  nttlhtm  temput  oecurrii  regi, 
tte  titles  of  the  King  were  not  restrained 
to  anj  limitation  of  time,  for  that  no 
•tatute  of  limitation  that  ever  was  made 
did  ever  limit  the  title  of  the  King  to  anj 
manors,  lands,  tenements,  or  heredita- 
ments to  any  certain  time.  And  where 
many  records  and  other  muniments  making 
cood  the  estate  and  interest  of  the  sub- 
jCNBt,  either  by  abuse  or  negligence  of 
oficers,  by  devouring  time,  were  not  to 
he  fSoand,  by  means  whereof  certain  in- 
digne  and  indigent  persons  prying  into 
Bitay  ancient  titles  of  the  Crown,  and  into 
lone  of  later  time  concerning  the  posses- 
lloiit  of  divers  and  sundry  bishopricks, 
deen  and  chapters,  and  the  late  monas- 
teries, chauntries,  &c.  of  persons  attainted, 
tmd  the  like,  have  passed  surreptitiously 
ill  letters  patents,  oftentimes  under  obscure 
Md  general  words,  the  manors,  lands,  tene- 
ments, snd  hereditaments  of  long  .time 
m4o7^<^  ^7  ^bc  subjects  of  this  realm,  as 
wdl  ecclesiastical  as  temporal:  now  to 
limit  the  Crown  to  some  certain  time,  to 
the  end  that  all  the  subjects  of  this  realme, 
tlieir  heirs  and  successors,  may  quietly 
ktre,  hold,  and  enjoy  all  and  singular 
manors,  lands,  tenements,  and  heredita- 
ments which  they  or  their  ancestors  or 
predecessors  or  any  other,  by,  from,  or 
wider  whom  they  claim,  have  of  long  en- 
joyed; this  Act  was  made  and  moved  from 
the  House  of  Commons.'' 

It  appears  to  me  that  the  scope  of  this 
Aet  was  to  secure  the  subject  against — 
!•  The  patentees  and  grantees  of  what 
were  termed  concealments;  2.  Defective 
titles ;  3.  Lands  not  put  in  charge ;  and 
4.  All  persons  claiming  under  commissions 
of  concealments. 

1.  Sir  Edward  Coke  thus  defines  Patents 
of  Concealments  : — "  They  were  called 
Letters  Patents  of  Concealments  because 
either  they  had  a  clause  before  the  haben- 
drnn :  quse  quidem  maneria  nuper  fuerunt 


a  nobis  concelata  vel  injust^  detente,  or 
to  the  like  effect.  Letters  Patents  of  Con- 
cealments were  granted  in  Queen  Marie's 
time ;  and  the  first  that  I  find  were  granted 
to  Sir  George  Howard  ;  and  in  all  suc- 
ceeding Acts  of  Parliament  of  confirmation 
of  letters  patents,  Letters  Patent  of  Con- 
cealment are  excepted. '^ 

2.  The  term -tf^ec/tve  tit  let  was  applied 
to  those  cases  where  certain  commissioners 
had  power  to  compound  with  the  tenant  in 
possession,  upon  the  suggestion  that  they 
had  been  concealed  from  the  Crown,  and 
received  a  composition  accordingly  upon 
such  surmise. 

3.  The  term  lands  out  of  charge  re- 
ferred  to  what  Coke  styles  the  "  new  de- 
vice "  of  the  concealers  obtaining  a  certi- 
ficate from  the  Exchequer  that  the  lands 
said  to  be  be  concealed  were  not  in  charge, 
and  then  procuring  a  grant  from  the  Crown 
of  such  lands  for  an  inadequate  consider- 
ation, in  which  case  the  Crown  was  ei 
much  imposed  upon  as  the  subject  was 
oppressed. 

4.  The  purpose  of  commiseione  of  con- 
oealmentt  was  to  discover,  by  means  of  a 
jury,  to  whom  the  informer  related  the 
facts,  all  land  bolden  of  the  Crown  of 
which  no  account  was  rendered  at  the 
Exchequer  or  to  the  auditor  of  the  King*s 
landed  revenue.     (Co.  3rd  Inst) 

One  of  Sir  E.  Coke*s  concluding  re- 
marks is  curious  :  "  Of  the  benefit  of  this 
act  the  poor  do  participate  as  well  as  the 
rich,  for  hereby  (amongst  other  things) 
above  an  hundred  lay  hospitals,  having 
had  priests  within  them  to  pray  and  sing 
for  souls,  &c.  (if  need  were)  are  established 
against  all  vexations  and  pretences  of  con- 
cealments." So  that  it  is  apparent,  tlie 
rapacity  of  these  informers  and  monied 
extortioners  threatened  the  existence  of 
institutions  whose  destruction  was  never 
contemplated  by  the  statutes  of  dissolution 
of  monasteries,  &c.  and  in  those  days  a 
suit  in  the  Exchequer  between  an  ae- 
countant  to  the  Crown  or  a  relator  on  be- 
half of  the  Crown  and  a  small  landholder 
was  a  grievous  and  ruinous  litigation. 

1  shall  now  cite  some  records  from  the 
Patent  Rolls,  which  will,  I  hope,  substan- 
tiate my  original  remarks,  and  demon- 
strate that  the  pursuit  of  concealed  lands 
had  its  origin  and  conclusion  in  the  mode 
I  have  stated,  and  that,  although  oon- 
cealors  were  informers,  all  informers  re- 
specting concealed  tenures  in  the  Court  of 
Wards  were  not  concealers,  as  your  Corre- 
spondent J.  B.  would  seem  to  infer. 


*  Sir  Ed.  Coke  applies  this  same  epithet  to  informers  upon  penal  statutes. 

t  The  title  of  this  Act  is  "  An  Act  for  the  general  quiet  of  the  Subjects  against  ell 


pretences  of  Concealments  whatsoever." 


1858.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


59 


(Pat.  25  Elii.  p.  6,  m.  11—13.) 
De  coneessione  pro  Jacobo  Cro/ie  mi- 
Hie. — Eliz.  &c.  Know  ye  that  we,  in 
consideration  of  the  long,  faithful,  and  ac- 
oeptable  service,  unto  us  heretofore  done 
by  our  trusty  and  welbeloved  servant  and 
counsellor  Sir  James  Crofte,  knight,  con- 
troller of  our  household,  of  our  especial 
grace,  certain  knowledge,  and  mere  mo- 
tion, for  us,  our  heirs  and  successors,  by 
these  presents,  do  give  and  grant  unto  our 
said  trusty  and  welbeloved  counselor  Sir 
James  Crofte  full  power,  liberty,  and  anc- 
tority,  that  he,  by  himself,  his  sufficient 
deputy  or  deputies,  ex'ors,  &c.  and  every 
or  any  of  them,  shall  and  may,  from  time 
to  time,  and  at  all  times  within  the  space 
of  four  years  next  ensuing  the  date  of 
these  our  I'res  patents,  by  all  and  every 
lawful  ways  and  means  whatsoever,  search, 
try,  and  find  out,  what  mannors,  lands, 
tenements,  parsonages,  tithes,  advowsons, 
liberties,  franchises,  rents,  leases,  and 
terms  for  years,  lyfe,  or  lyfes,  and  here- 
ditaments whatsoever,  which  by  any  at- 
tainder, forfeiture,  eschete,  or  conviction, 
or  by  any  other  ways  or  means  whatso- 
ever, heretofore  have  descended  or  come, 
or  of  right  do  or  ought  to  descend,  come, 
be,  or  apperteyn  to  us,  or  to  some  or  any 
of  our  noble  progenitours,  by  any  our 
lawes  or  prerogative  royal,  and  are  now 
eomeeaied,  deteyned,  and  unjustly  with- 
holden  from  us :  [with  power  to  compound 
with  the  occupiers  of  such  property]. — 
Witness  ourself  at  Weyldhall,  the  10th 
day  of  August. 

(Pat.  95  Eliz.  p.  7,  dors.  m.  9.) 
{Translation,) 
Commisrion  to  inquire  of  concealed 
lands, — The  Queen,  &c.  To  our  beloved 
Nicholas  Beaumont,  esq.  Richard  Wens- 
lowe,  esq.  Edw.  Pate,  esq.  Tho.  Jones, 
geot.  and  Stephen  Harvey,  gent,  greeting  : 
Know  ye,  that  we,  very  much  relying  upon 
your  fidelity  and  provident  circumspec- 
tion, have  assigned  you  four,  three,  or 
two  of  you,  to  inquire,  as  well  by  the  oath 
of  good  and  lawful  men  of  our  county  of 
Leicester y  as  well  within  liberties  as  with- 
out, by  whom  the  truth  of  the  matter  may 
be  the  better  known,  as  by  all  other  ways, 
manners,  and  means,  by  which  ye  may 
the  better  know  or  may  be  able  to  at- 
tain more  fully  the  truth,  concerning  all 
the  lands  and  tenements  in  the  county 
aforesaid,  within  the  precincts  and  liber- 
ties of  our  duchy  of  Lancaster,  which 
have  come  or  ought  to  have  come  to 
the  hands  of  us  or  any  other  our  progeni- 
tors, as  well  by  reason  of  the  dissolution 
of  any  late  monasteries,  abbies,  priories, 
ooikgea,  chantries,  free  chapels,  fraterni- 
tiea,  or  guilds,  and  by  the  statute  against 
pladng  tenemcDti  and  lands  in  mortmain. 


enacted  and  provided,  or  by  reason  of  the 
attainder  of  any  person  or  persons  of  high 
treasons,  felonies,  or  murders  attainted, 
and  from  us  and  our  aforesaid  progenitors 
howsoever  concealed,  subtracted,  and  un- 
justly detained,  and  by  whom,  at  what  time, 
in  what  manner,  and  for  how  long,  and  who 
have  received  the  issues  and  profits  coming 
from  the  same  lands  and  tenements  in  the 
mean  time,  by  what  title  or  right,  and 
how  much  the  same  lands  and  tenements 
are  worth  by  the  year  in  all  issues,  and 
concerning  the  other  articles  and  circum- 
stances the  premises  howsoever  concern- 
ing. And  therefore  we  command  you,  four, 
three,  or  two  of  you,  that  at  certain  days 
and  places  which  you  shall  appoint  for 
this  purpose,  to  make  diligent  inquisition 
about  the  premises.  And  the  inquisition 
openly  and  distinctly  made,  you  do  have 
before  the  Chancellor  of  our  Duchy  of 
Lancaster,  at  the  latest  on  the  octaves  of 
St.  Martin  next  coming,  under  the  aeala 
of  you,  four,  three,  or  two  of  you,  and  the 
seals  of  them  by  whom  it  shall  have  been 
made,'  sending  back  again  then  there  these 
our  letters  patents.  For  we  also  com- 
mand, by  the  tenor  of  these  presents,  our 
sheriff  of  the  county  aforesaid,  that  at 
certain  days  and  places,  of  which  jou 
shall  inform  him,  he  cause  to  come  before 
you,  four,  three,  or  two  of  you,  so  many 
and  such  good  and  lawM  men  of  his  baili- 
wick, as  well  within  liberties  as  without, 
by  whom  the  truth  of  the  matter  may  be 
the  better  known  and  inquired.  In  wit- 
ness, &c.    T.  R.  apud  Westm.  7®  Maij. 

(Pat.  26  Eliz.  p.  10,  dors.  m.  1, 2.) 
July  23,  1584. — A  nmilar  commission 
is  entered,  directed  to  another  list  of  com- 
missioners, to  make  inquiries  for  concealed 
lands  in  the  county  of  Hereford, -  and  upon 
the  back  of  the  same  roll  is  a  special  com- 
mission for  the  county  of  Sussex^  dated 
the  23  Feb.  for  the  purpose  of  inquiring 
into  an  alienation  in  mortmain  to  the  vicars 
choral  of  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity, 
Chichester.  And  another  special  commis- 
sion to  inquire  concerning  lands  concealed 
after  the  attainder  of  Edward  Fish,  is  en- 
tered in  dorso  p.  7,  Patentium  95  Ells.  | 
— but  these  commissions  were,  to  use  Sir 
Edward  Coke's  words,  **  infinite,** 

I  now  proceed  to  give  a  portion  of  the 
contents  of  some  special  commissions  in 
the  early  portion  of  the  succeeding  reign 
of  King  James,  when  the  practices  of 
patentees  under  concealment  grants  had 
created  an  odium  the  Crown  wished  to  shift 
from  itself,  whilst,  however,  the  exchequer 
was  still  deriving  benefit  from  the  pursuit 
of  the  concealers  in  quest  of  crown  lands, 
although  the  latter  were  by  far  the  greatest 
gainers  by  their  odious  traffic. 


60 


Ctftr^tpondence  oj  Sj/ivattv*  Urhun. 


[Jrir. 


(I'u*.    o    J  U1  .  1'    !>.  dorr,  ijifiii.  I.I 

iie  con*  90^  •  mtft one  ^fitrutti  d 'hit  (UtnctUario 

ttmi'*-    'l'k*i»"  4'^«iJi«iii'M'>u,»liirli  u  dirci  trd 

iy  tUc  l.*or<4   <  litti.cfllor  nud   lofia   of  the 

QMiulH-r*  •-»!   tli«.  l-'rivy  Cvuitcii,  rcfrr*  to  a 

procUut«t.k^>^     dttUd   J  4  Jnu.   4«'nd   Klix. 

wbicb,  «Lli*»     rc4*itiii|f  •'Thut   »l>r,  the  late 

Queriir,  Uuviii)e  httu  inforiiitdthat  whereat 

diver «   <>t    ix^r  i'/vjuK  kubjei-tg  lia^l  of  |onf( 

time  «iui»-tly  <pijjo3rr«l  diveit  inbiiorr,  Uudp, 

ien«oi*^>A^^»    Mild    hiTt'diUimiitii,   koiur    hy 

iiM4:«i>l,  »ii<l  othi-r»  hy  purchase  or  other- 

wifttf  iiiou    j^i't    and   K<>od   fontiderttioiiH, 

«nd  utii«**  ^''"*  ^'*^'  ol/tuiurd  f^raiifi  upon 

cood    «*oiield«'ra<ioii»    froui    thf    Maid    latr 

Qur.i*ii    or    a«itit<   "f   IfC   |'roi<riii(oM«,   had 

been  «*t  '••^'  )**"'■  «»'''»*ly  v«'*«'l,  turd,  and 

w«rr  |>ui    *''   iiiioh mhli' churiccM  hy  roh>iir 

of    |rll«'i>  patiiil*  'd   I'oiM'rahm'iiti,  which 

Wflrts  f'oiiiKl  hy  Ihr  iiioM  pNll  1<)  hr  void  ill 

Iaw  or  u|Min  prcit'iirf  Ihut  i\\v  rtiid  iiiaiiora, 

Aio.  wt-ic-   U*tu^   liic  "ittd  iafr  (liifin  eon- 

tir«leti  tM  iiiijUBliy  driailitd.oi  iitiKhl  Ihrrr. 

■ftrr  ui'Oti  •ti<-li  |iirliiu'a  hi*  vrAfil  nnd  put 

(ii  exlri'tiic  ihtiiKd  ;"  did  Ihrirhy  drdnre 

lIlAl    *ht-    "hud    K*'aidett   hrr  roiiimUiihm 

miliar  tlu'  kI('**(  liC"!  *'^  Kiigland  for  the 

rrllrf  of  her  lnviiiK  aultjri'lii  in  mirli  rnM'N, 

«•  Ihr  Piiid  tait^  Uucni  in  hf*r  piiiitvlii*  wia- 

dullic  did  IhiiiW  lo  Iriidto  lht«Kriirniliilllel 

mid   ■ri'iiiliy   cf   hrr  lovinK  Muhjrctii  nnd 

tiinlr  ponlcilllia.  itiviiin  Ihrrrliy  to  thrm, 

liar  Ktid    1  iHiiniiMiiMirrM,  full   power  and 

nullioliiy  fill  ■iK'ii  ri'moiinhlo  componithiiiN 

Ma  they  rhouhl   lliinli  fit,  na  vvrll  to  iii'cur«i 

tlir   ralulrit    of   her    tht'u   loving  mihjei^tM 

tiiitri*iM  I'y  f>H I'l*  oMit^r  Irlterii  palriiti  under 

the  girnl  ix'ftl  (d    KiikIaikI,  uh  to  dtiirhArKe 

the  nil  III!  piidild  llii«reof,  whrrriu  hrr  Kt'<i- 

tduua  pliMkUltt  WMN,  tiiitt   no  priRiili  hhouhl 

lie  intoit III  or  dinwii  to  dinroxor  tlie  ini- 

perfri'doii   «)r   diMnhility   of  hii)    of  their 

evUtta  or  intrri'bt.** 

Tlie  ^llUlll)i^^lon  thru  protvedn  to  up- 
utdut  titc  I'lMhniuiiioneiii,  who  were.  "  kou 
»BAi»Y  iaoNr.\  ro  hk  i'A11>  in  iiani>,  to 
U*rgaiii|  »ell,  t'oui'lude,  ileinl»e,  and  enUHe 
to  be  conveyed  tor  uh  and  in  our  imnte  to 
«iid  witli  any  prniou  or  pemont,  hodien 
pulitii'  or  eorpointo,  any  of  our  lordi^hipH, 
luanors,  Undu,  tenement «,  reotorie*,  tithe*, 
peii>ion«»  |H)rtian>,  oblation*.  me«»uAge«** 
[Aio.  \o.]  *•  which  are  iH)«oeived  to  liin- 
•ufticient  or  doubtful  in  law.  and  yet  are 
now  holden  or  enjo}  ed  by  or  under  colour 
of  »uoh  {sniut^,  deniiie.  and  title:  IVinided 
alway*.  That  you,  our  Mid  iXMi\mi»»ioner«. 
or  any  four  or  more  of  )ou  aa  aforesaid, 
ahall  not  bargain,  veil.  oom)>ouiid,  or  grant 
any  other  e^tate  in  fee  aimple.  fee  farm, 
or  other  it-rm  for  life,  live*,  or  year*,  than 
formerly  granted  or  mentiv^ned  to  be 


granted  thcrrein  bj  aoT  of  our 
or  predecessors."  Tiere  fcdiov 
for  i-nabiiof^  the  coiEiniBioiiers  to  seD 
convey  lands,  &c.  bolden  upon 
determined  ;  cttates  insaAaent  or 
ful  in  law  ;  voidable  estaXa 
charged  innper  theinoii : 
estateH  ;  encroaduDcnts  and 
upon  highways  and  ctreete, 
lanes,  commons,  and  waites  ;  lands 
the  limits  of  forests,  parks, 
grounds,  lands,  and  places  forsakcB, 
left  bare  and  dry  from  the  seas : 
niafKheii,  frith  grounds;  grores,  saadi, 
meales,  and  ealt-holmee  won  and 
from  the  sea;  with  instructions  for 
abling  the  commissioners  to  fully  pi 
the  tenor  of  this  commission,  the  object 
whereof  is  so  fully  set  forth  in  the  pre- 
amble, j 

Pat.  (>  Jac.  p.  21,  dors.— A  commisnon 
empowering  some  of  the  commissiooen 
named  in  the  preceding  commiwon  to 
grant  leases. 

(Pat.  7  Jac.  p.  12,  dors.) 
Committio  tpeciaV  pro  drftcV  tUmT, — 
JanieM,  by  the  grace  of  God,  fee. — ^To  our 
right  trusty  and  right  well-beloved  conn- 
Nellor,  'llio.  Lord  EUesmere,  Lord  Chan- 
cellor of  li^ngland  [and  other  members  of 
the  Privy  ('ouncil  and  several  of  the 
judges,  with  the  Attorney  and  Solicitor 
(General  at  that  time  in  office.] — Whereas, 
by  our  proclamation,  bearing  date  at  White- 
hall, the  22nd  of  April  last  past,  *  before 
the  date  hereof,  we  did  publish  and  declare 
that  wr  were  informed  by  our  commis- 
nloncrM  and  officers  employed  ordinarily 
nnd  extraordinarily  iu  the  care  of  our  re- 
venue**, thnl  the  possessions  of  our  subjects 
have,  and  do  daily,  fall  within  the  danger 
of  law,  as  well  concerning  their  lands  of 
inherit nnce.  as  their  leases  from  us  and 
our  progenitors  for  lives  or  years,  by  many 
ways  utul  means,  not  only  upon  points  of 
defective  form,  but  even  in  points  of  sub- 
Mtance  mo*t  just  and  weighty,  as  in  respect 
of  exchanges  with  the  crown  not  duly  con- 
veyed or  executed  on  the  subject's  part;  of 
the  fnUity  of  considerations  material  upon 
which  the  letters  patents  have  been  ob- 
taineii;  of  the  falsity  of  suggestions, 
whereby  the  kings  of  this  realm  have  been 
det^ivetl,  and  some  times  ancient  crown 
lands  have  been  carried  away,  as  if  they 
had  been  but  new  augmentations  of  re- 
venue by  attainder  or  the  like  of  entails 
made  to  the  kings  of  this  realm,  or  de- 
scended to  them  fn^m  their  ancestors, 
whereby  it  apiK^areth  that  they  hare  not 
been  truW  informed  of  their  estate  when 


*   This  prx^eUmation,  and  a1s.>  another  extending  the  time  for  i^rties  to  come  in 
and  iVm|H>und.  are  entered  on  the  Pattst  Roll  7  Jac.  p.  S,  and  p,  39  in  rfww  rotmli. 


1853.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


61 


they  made  their  grants,  having  no  inten- 
tion of  disinherison  of  their  issae  in  tail 
against  the  law  ;  of  referring  to  other  let- 
ters patent,  where  many  times  there  are 
none  such,  as  by  the  recitals  are  supposed ; 
of  insufficient  saving  or  providing  for  the 
estate  or  benefit  which  was  intended  to 
them  upon  the  letters  patents  by  way  of 
exception,  reservation,  or  otherwise ;  of 
want  of  proper  and  apt  words,  such  as  the 
law  doth  require  even  in  a  case  between 
subject  and  subject ;  of  passing  their  grants 
under  a  wrong  seal,  contrary  to  the  ground 
of  law  or  express  Acts  of  Parliament ;  of 
wmnt  of  offices,  or  insufficiency  of  offices, 
whereby  the  title  of  the  kings  of  this  realm 
not  rightly  appearing  their  grants  could 
not  but  pass  in  darkness  ;  and  many  the 
like  defects  in  manner  and  substance,  be- 
sides the  defects,  errors,  omissions,  and 
misprisions  in  writings  and  in  form, 
which  are  no  less  dangerous  in  strictness 
of  law ;  and  did  further  declare,  that  we 
were  likewise  informed  that  the  possessions 
of  our  loving  subjects  may  also  be  im- 
peached, and  brought  upon  other  titles 
not  bearing  any  dependence  upon  defective 
letters  patents,  but  upon  other  points  of 
divert  natures  ;  and  yet  all  warranted  by 
the  laws  of  this  land,  as  upon  escheats  by 
mttainders  or  otherwise  upon  title  accrued 
by  dissolution,  surrender,  sappressing,  or 
extinguishing  of  monasteries ;  incroach- 
ments  upon  any  wastes  and  highways, 
which  is  a  mere  usurpation  upon  the  pos- 
sessiim  of  the  crown,  not  coloured  by  any 
pretence  of  title ;  upon  '  occupation  of 
drowned  lands,  by  time  recovered  from  the 
sea,  which  by  prerogative  belongeth  to  the 
Crown ;  upon  tithes  detained,  which  lie 
out  all  parishes ;  upon  alienations  in  mort- 
main, purchases  by  aliens,  and  the  like  ; 
and  lastly,  upon  condition  broken  for  non- 
payment of  rent  at  the  days  appointed,  and 
other  the  like  acts  not  performed. 

[The  commission,  arter  further  reciting 
the  proclamation  and  the  official  mode  by 
which  the  new  assurances  were  to  be  ob- 
tained, and  stating  the  operation  thereof, 
proceeds  to  give  the  commissioners  power 
to  assess  the  fine  for  assuring  any  defective 
title  at  five  years'  rent,  **  not  after  an  im- 
proved yearly  value,  but  after  such  yearly 
value  as  may  come  near  unto  the  amount, 
and  old  rents  of  other  things  of  like  value ;  *^ 
such  rent  to  be  assessed  and  certified  to 
the  commissioners  by  the  officers  of  the 
Exchequer,  or  any  auditors  or  surveyors 
within  whose  office  such  lands  and  manors 
should  be.]     T.  R.  22  May. 

(Pat.  9  Jac.  p.  10,  dors.) 
A  special  commission,  directed  to  the 
Lord  Chancellor  and  others,  members  of 
tiie  Privy  Council,  giring  them   *'  full. 


free,  and  lawful  power  and  authority  from 
time  to  time,  and  at  all  times  hereafter,  to 
make,  give,  and  allow  unto  our  trusty 
and  well-beloved  servant  William  Typper, 
esquire,  his  ex*ors  or  assigns,  to  and  for  his 
and  their  own  proper  uses  and  behoofs, 
without  any  account  therefor  to  be  made 
or  given  unto  us,  our  heirs  or  successors, 
such  recompence  and  allowance  as  to  you 
or  any  four  or  more  of  you  or  them, 
whereof  the  Lord  High  Treasurer  of 
England  for  the  time  being  to  be  always 
one,  shall  be  thought  meet  to  be  given  and 
allowed  by  us  unto  the  said  William  Typ- 
per, his  ex'ors  or  assigns,  as  well  for  and 
in  respect  of  such  services  as  he  the  said 
W.  T.  hath  performed  and  done,  or  at  any 
time  hereafter  shall  perform  and  do,  unto 
us  for  our  benefit,  profit,  and  commodity, 
in,  about,  and  concerning  our  commission 
sealed  with  our  great  seal  of  England, 
bearing  date  at  Westminster  the  18th  day 
of  May,  in  the  year  of  our  reign  of  Eng- 
land, France,  and  Ireland  the  ninth,  and 
of  Scotland  the  four  and  fortieth  [with 
power  to  conclude  and  agree  with  the  said 
William  Typper  for  conveying]  unto  the 
said  William  T.  for  four-score  and  nine- 
teen years,  with  or  without  any  thing 
therefor  to  be  yielded  or  paid,  all  and 
every  such  manors,  lands,  tenements,  &c. 
which  have  been  or  shall  be  revealed  and 
discovered  by  the  said  W.  Typper  within 
the  survey  as  well  of  our  Exchequer  as 
of  our  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  and  whereof 
either  no  grant  at  all,  or  else  no  good  and 
sufficient  grant  now  remaining  in  force, 
hath  been  heretofore  granted  since  the  last 
title  therein  hath  accrued  unto  us  or  any 
oar  progenitors,  and  yet  the  same  holden 
and  enjoyed  by  sundry  our  subjects  as 
their  own,  without  acknowledging  our  title 
in  or  to  the  same,  or  else  whereof  no  grant 
is  past  but  such  as  shall  be  surrendered 
up  again  to  us  by  the  procurement  of  the 
said  William  Typper,  and  whereof  the  an- 
nual rents  or  yearly  profits  have  not  been 
answered  in  any  our  courts  of  Exchequer 
or  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  and  which  have 
not  been  put  in  charge,  nor  stood  imuper 
before  the  auditor  of  the  county  where 
such  lands,  tenements,  or  hereditaments 
do  lie,  at  any  time  since  the  beginning  of 
the  reign  of  our  late  dear  sister  Queen 
Eliz.  otherwise  than  upon  or  by  reason 
of  any  patents  of  concealments,  and  other- 
wise than  upon  grants  mentioned  to  be 
made  in  fee-farm  ;  so  as  the  rents  and 
profits  thereupon  mentioned  to  be  re- 
served, and  not  the  lands,  have  been  put 
in  charge,  and  stood  insuper  before  the 
auditors  as  aforesaid :  and  which  have  not 
been  granted  by  us,  or  by  the  said  late 
Queen  Elizabeth,  or  by  any  of  our  pro* 
genitors  in  tail,  unless  the  state  in  t«! 


rl.' 


u- 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


[Jult. 


J  •#  Htdiited  be  spent,  determined,     niceties  and   dibtinctions  that    for    netr 
.1.  i.r   »»y  Act  of  Parliament  re-     siity  years  had  rendered  the  possesaioii 


I'  ■  ■ 
»■■>•■ 

.1  .  .1  'ii  I  III-  iKiiil  granti,  and  our  present 
..^.1  4u>l  iiiU:  not  acknowledged,  and 
*  f.i.  ■•   )i4>f.   not  been  granted  by  os  nor 

■  ». i'i  Uir  Uuccn,  for  life,  lives,  or  years, 

4v.'i.  fui  I  cut,  or  abtque  aliquo  inde  red- 
Uiml'j,  >!•  yuu  t»r  any  four  ot  you  or  them, 
4t>.' •>.  tf  ilie  Lord  High  Treasurer  for  the 
itiMt.  Ut.iu^  lo  be  one,  shall  think  meet 
•It  1  (iiuviniiMit  to  be  passed  and  conveyed 
fi'idi  «!■  unto  the  said  W.  Typper,  his 
t*i.ii«,  r%'oiM,  or  assigns,  for  and  in  respect 
ut  NUi  It  nrrvict's  us  he  the  said  W.  T.  hath 
iloiiii  tinil  performed,  or  hereafter  sliall  do 
and  I'fil'iirm,  unto  us  about  or  conrerning 
Ihu  Hiinl  CO uuu mission.    T.  R.     29  May. 

Having  ulicady  much  exceeded  the  limits 
nl  iin  (Mtiinary  communication,  I  have  novr 
|u  ( Itiiit  with  one  observation,  via.  that  the 
uiMi  liciii  ot  ''  Concealors  "  were  confined 
In  onti  iiiijrct,  viz.  concealed  land,  and 
lliHi  when  tlic  oppressions,  which  the  sys- 
i4>ni  oi  rollrrtion  and  preservation  of  the 
land  lovrnue  of  the  Crown  had  encouraged 
and  nurtured,  grew  beyond  endurance,  and 
«i>in  productive  of  peijury  and  fraud,  the 
llnukv  of  ('ommonsat  length  procured  an 
•iiNrhnrnt  to  put  an  end  to  those  legal 


.1    made  void,  and  yet  the  lands     of  the  smallest  portion  of  Crown  land, 
ii  .iiii  II  Hnd  enjoyed  by  prettnce  or     or  to  any  property  whereto  the  slighteit 

colour  of  claim  on  behalf  of  the  Crown 
could  be  pretended  by  a  Coneetlor,  a 
damnota  hereditan^  a  source  of  probable 
distress,  anxiety,  and  ruin  to  its  powesaoia, 
and  even  to  their  heirs ;  and  quieted  an 
incredible  number  of  possesciona  by  thut 
placing  the  Crown  upon  an  equality  with 
the  subject,  in  point  of  claiming  tiUe 
against  an  innocent  purchaser  or  heir. 

The  Court  of  Wards  and  Uveriea  might, 
as  your  correspondent  J.  B.  suggests, 
have  entertained  delators  and  spies,  and 
rewarded  them  for  their  information  witii 
the  grant  of  a  concealed  wardship  or  a  eon* 
cealed  tenure,  or  with  a  share  of  the  "  com- 
position *^  paid  by  the  ward's  estate  :  but, 
beyond  the  partial  encouragement  thus 
offered  to  such  perzions,  there  was  little  in 
the  conduct  and  management  of  that  court, 
as  it  seems  to  me,  that  equalled  the  har- 
pyism  of  the  Concealor,  whose  occupation, 
sheltered  as  it  was  by  commissions  of 
concealments, and  patents  of  concealments, 
and  inquisitions  for  concealed  lands,  ren- 
dered him  a  most  formidable  antagonist 
in  that  still  dreaded  court  the  Exchequer. 
Yours,  &c.  T.  B.  T. 

May  10,  1853. 


NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 

1  lit.  luuiMMiHi  Now  Htatntet  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries— Anniversary  of  the  Asiatic  Sodety,  and  the 
i«  wilt  hlMovurlet  in  Ajsyrla— Anniversary  of  the  Linn»an  Society— Prizes  at  the  Sodety  of  Arts— 
i*iHi^ftiMi#lnn(tat  the  Architectural  Mttneum— Installation  of  the  Earl  of  Derby  as  Chancellor  of 
iuiiiiil  t  til v<irMty  -  Prizes  at  Cambridge— Sale  of  Louis  Philippe's  Spanish  Pictures  and  of  the 
ttUiKluii  Uullrry  Wctures  by  J.  M.  W.  Turner— Baron  Marochetti's  SUtue  of  Richard  Ocrar  de 
l>t«'ii  rtu)M>MMl  Statue  to  Sir  Isaac  Newton  at  Grantham— John  Knox's  House  at  Edinburgh— <i)lft 
!•»  1 1  hilly  CollPito,  Toronto— Elections  in  the  Royal  Society— ^Jneen's  College,  Cork— Mr.  Alex. 
HiMHiii  villi!    Mr.  Ilritton's  WUtshire  Collections— Mr.  Jame«  Underwood. 


Tim  t'oinmittee  of  the  Society  qf  An^ 
llyUMiii'ip.  witli'h  has  been  sitting  during 
ihu  ninalri    part  of  the  session  with  the 

(Mtipu»«i  (if  rcivisiug  its  bye-laws,  has  at 
^ug^U  luadd  ItN  report  to  the  Council; 
autl  llin  latter  body,  having  adopted  its  re- 
(•iMiiiiimulattonH,  has  issued  a  scheme  of 
Mil-  |>ii*|i«iii(h1  amendments  to  the  body  at 
••♦'h* .  In  unU'r  that  they  may  receive  full 


the  first  subject  the  Committee  expresiei 
an  opinion  that  gentlemen  elected  on  the 
Council  should  be  retained  for  more  than 
one  year  to  a  greater  extent  than  is  pos- 
sible under  the  existing  system.  Of  the 
eleven  members  who,  under  the  Charter, 
remain  on  the  Council  at  the  annual  elec- 
tion, nine  are  officers,  so  that  only  two  who 
are  not  officers  can  be  retained.  The  Com- 


I'liiiMiiliiaiion  hffore  the  re-assembling  of     mittee  propose  to  meet  this  difficulty,  to 


Mil.  ^Mn-iniY  III  November.  The  suggestions 
Mu».ii.  Ity  iltr  (  ommittee  with  a  view  to  in- 
I'H 'im    (lie    rHlriency  of  the  Society  are 

|«ilii«  i|iiilly  four,  and  respectively  relate, — 
II  llii>  iMiiikliiution  of  the  Council,  to  the 
itllti  II  iif  hiMUTtary,  to  the  appointment  of 
I«ui>hI  Nrnelarirs,  and  of  a  new  Committee 
W  Imi  (tallmt  nn  Kxeoutive  Committee.  On 


the  extent  of  two  members  of  Council,  by 
directing  that  the  senior  of  the  four  Vice- 
Presidents  should  retire  in  each  year  (in 
conformity  with  the  practice  of  the  Royal 
and  other  Societies),  and  by  excluding  the 
Secretary  from  the  Council,  which  is  in 
accordance  with  the  practice  of  the  So- 
ciety after  its  fint  reception  of  the  Char- 


f85d.] 


Note$  of  the  Month, 


63 


^  ter.  Foar  ordinary  members  of  Council  will 
thus  be  capable  of  re-election.  The  Com- 
mittee farther  suggest  the  adoption  of  the 
system  pursaed  by  the  Royal  Society,  that 
etch  member  of  the  Council  should  deliver 
in  the  name  of  any  person  whom  he  may 
think  it  desirable  to  place  in  the  succeeding 
Council.  In  considering  the  office  of  Se- 
cretary, the  Committee  recommend  that 
in  future  there  should  be  only  one  instead 
of  two ;  and  that  the  resident  Secretary 
should  devote  his  whole  time  to  the  service 
of  the  Society,  receiving  an  additional  re- 
muneration. To  meet  this  arrangement, 
tiie  Council  announces  that  Sir  Henry 
Ellis  the  senior  Secretary  is  willing  to  take 
the  post  of  Director,  which  will  be  vacated 
by  Lord  Viscount  Strangford  :  Sir  Henry 
continuing  to  receive  his  present  salary. 
In  addition  to  the  present  standing  com- 
mittees (selected  from  the  Society  at  large) 
for  the  objects  of  Finance  and  the  Library, 
it  18  proposed  to  constitute  an  Executive 
Committee,  the  duty  of  which  shall  be  to 
superintend  the  correspondence  of  the  So- 
ciety on  all  subjects  relating  to  literature 
and  antiquities  ;  to  direct  any  antiquarian 
operations  or  excavations  carried  on  by 
tke  Society ;  to  examine  papers  sent  for 
reading,  and  objects  sent  for  exhibition  ; 
and  to  consider  and  recommend  to  the 
Council  such  of  them  as  it  may  deem 
worthy  of  being  published.  It  is  further 
proposed  to  appoint  Local  Secretaries  in 
different  parts  of  the  country,  whose  pro- 
vince shall  be  to  communicate  regularly 
with  the  Executive  Committee,  and  to  give 
the  earliest  intimation  of  any  discovery 
relating  to  history  or  antiquities.  Such 
Local  Secretaries  are  to  be  chosen,  as  hx 
as  possible,  from  the  Fellows  of  the  So- 
ciety ;  but  gentlemen  holding  the  office, 
and  not  being  Fellows,  will  be  entitled  to 
attend  its  meetings  and  to  receive  a  copy 
of  its  Proceedings.  This  proposition,  if 
efficiently  carried  out,  is  more  calculated 
to  accomplish  the  objects  for  which  the 
Society  was  constituted,  than  any  other 
that  can  be  conceived :  and  we  trust  that 
it  may  prove  the  source  of  vigour  and  ac- 
tivity which  will  form  a  new  era  in  its  his- 
tory. The  last,  and  very  excellent,  sug- 
gestion of  the  Committee  is  that,  in  future, 
any  other  business  than  the  purely  scien- 
tific pursuits  of  the  Society  should  be  dis- 
cussed at  meetings  specially  convened  for 
such  objects,  too  many  of  the  ordinary 
meetings  of  the  Society  having  been  latterly 
wasted  in  unprofitable  debates.  We  regret 
to  see  that  the  Committee  retains  the  un- 
reasonable number  of  vacant  Thursdays  in 
Ibe  byv-law  which  enacts  that  no  ordinary 
■wetiiigs  shall  be  holden  *'  in  Christmas 
wcdi,  in  the  first  week  of  the  new  year, 
\m  fmmn^  BMter,  or  Whitnu  weeks,  or 


in  the  week  during  which  the  Anniversary 
Meeting  shall  be  held."  (To  these  not 
many  years  ago  was  added  King  Charleses 
Martyrdom,  the  very  occasion,  one  would 
have  presumed,  for  some  exccilent  histor- 
ical dissertation.)  We  think  the  two  last 
of  these  holidays — if  holidays  they  are  to 
be  called — might  well  be  abrogated.  There 
can  be  no  reason  why  a  meeting  should 
not  hi  held  on  the  Thursday  following 
Whit  Monday  :  nor  can  any  hinderance  to 
an  ordinary  meeting  arise  from  the  anni- 
versary, uTiless  it  occurs  upon  a  Thursday. 
At  the  anniversary  of  the  Royal  Asiaiie 
Society  held  on  the  21st  May,  the  Council 
reported  the  deaths  of  fourteen  members 
during  the  past  year;  among  whom  were 
the  Duke  of  Wellington,  Mr.  Erskine 
son-in-law  of  Sir  James  Mackintosh,  Mr. 
James  Atkinson  the  translator  of  the  great 
epic  poem  of  Firdausi,  Dr.  S.  Lee  the  self- 
taught  Orientalist,  and  the  celebrated  M. 
Bumouf  of  Paris,  whose  studies  in  the 
Zend  have  formed  an  epoch  in  the  history 
of  the  language.  The  continued  efforts  of 
the  French  and  English  discoverers  in  As- 
syria during  the  past  year  have  been  re- 
warded by  great  success.  Vaulted  pas- 
sages, colonnades,  and  chambers  full  of 
valuable  relics,  testify  to  the  skill  and 
energy  of  the  French  explorers;  and  a 
large  collection  of  cylinders,  tiles,  oma* 
ments,  and  vessels  of  beautiful  workman- 
ship, in  agate,  marble,  and  cornelian,  form 
the  nucleus  of  an  Assyrian  museum  at 
Paris;  which  is  to  be  adorned  also  with 
photographic  views  of  the  discoveries, 
taken  upon  the  spot,  and  in  many  cases 
coloured  with  the  actual  pigments  found 
at  the  same  time,  among  which  a  splendid 
cake  of  ultramarine  is  recorded,  as  big  as 
a  pigeon's  egg.  The  good  understanding 
between  the  rival  discoverers  is  a  gratify- 
ing fact ;  and  M.  Place  gracefully  acknow- 
ledges the  assistance  he  has  received  from 
Colonel  Rawlinson.  The  letters  of  Colo- 
nel Rawlinson  from  time  to  time  have 
kept  the  Society  informed  of  his  disco- 
veries. In  one  letter  he  gives  an  account 
of  a  bronze  lion  discovered  at  Nebbi 
Yunus,  bearing  the  inscription,  *'  Esar- 
haddon,  king  of  kings,  conqueror  of  Misr 
and  Cush  "  (Egypt  and  Ethiopia.)  In  an- 
other, he  inclosed  a  copy  of  an  inscription 
in  a  Semitic  alphabet,  being  one  of  a  nu- 
merous collection  of  inscriptions  upon 
sheet  lead,  packed  in  sepulchral  jars,  dis- 
covered at  a  place  called  Abushudhr. 
With  a  third  he  communicated  a  list  of 
the  Babylonian  months  found  on  a  slab, 
by  the  aid  of  which  the  succession  of 
events  recorded  in  the  inscription  of  Bisi- 
tun  may  be  approximately  determined.  In 
the  last  letter  received,  he  states  that  he 
h«d  at  length  received  the  long-expected 


iU 


Notes  of  the  Month, 


[Julj, 


nyliitiirrH  fioiii  Kilah  Shergat,  consUting     difcovered  in  Southern  Chaldea,  at  a  pUoe 
Kit  HOO  liutft  of  vvritiDg,  the  buUetioa  of     called  Abu  Shahrein. 


'riuliitli  l*ilo;«fr  I.  and  at  least  100  years 
iiliUn  I  hull  niiy  other  document  yet  disco- 
voM:tl.  It  HhcwM  that  the  king  warred 
|iiiiitii|mlly  ill  Ariuenio,  Cappadocia,  Pon- 
lua,  Mild  ihr  bljorcs  of  tlie  Kuxine,  and 
Ih4l  lir  rroMX'd  the  Kurdish  mountains  to 
llin  i:4«t  Hiid  till*  iLuphratcs  to  the  west. 
111!  (ivrrriiii  iNorthera  Syria  and  Cilicia, 
hut  tiiil  not  itttcnipt  to  penetrate  towards 
|*ah:attiiii.  Having  fairly  entered  upon  a 
im I  iwd  anterior  to  the  glories  of  Nineveh 
ttiid  Cttlali,  (*uIonel  Rawlinson  says  ho 
doii»  nut  di-rtpair  of  ascending  up  to  the 
hiMtitutiiiu  of  the  monarchy.     The  capital 


The  Council  next  announced  the  com- 
pletion of  the  Memoir  on  the  Scythic  In- 
scription at  Bisitun,  by  Mr.  Norria.  Thii 
memoir  is  devoted  to  an  examination  and 
analysis  of  the  second  kind  of  cuneiform 
writing,  the  decipherment  of  which  has 
been  successfully  begun  by  Prof.  Wester- 
gaard,  under  the  designation  of  Median. 
The  language  of  this  inscription  is  be- 
lieved by  Mr.  Norris  to  have  been  that  of 
the  Nomadic  tribes  of  the  Persian  empire, 
and  to  be  cognate  with  the  so-called 
Scythic,  Tartar,  or  Ugrian  langnages .  A 
small  inscription  by  Artaxerxea  Mnemon, 


oily  AMiiur  i.s  the  Allasar  of  Genesis,  of     found  at  Susa,  is  also  examined   in   the 


hIiIcIi  Aiiiioh  was  king.  He  considers 
llii:  itild  iif  Nineveh  to  be  determinately 
iuid  ut  Nrhhi  Vunus,  Calah  at  Nim- 
Kiil.  itiui  UrMfii  (the  Mosaic  name  of 
Alltt».ir)  Ht  KiUh  Shergat.  In  the  debrU 
ur  ihi-.  i«i>ttl  library  ut  Nimriid,  Colonel 
liitthiiiiiii  huri  fimnd  fragments  of  alpha- 
la  i^,  b)IUhuriu,  and  explanations  of  ideo- 
giuiiliii'  Bit$»M ;  also  a  table  of  notation, 
Millt  \\\\.:  phouetii-  readings  of  the  signs, 
■hiiMUig  thitt  the  Assyrians  counted  by 
aUlu  »,  ill  fvai't  agreement  with  the  tottOM^ 
t.'iitik,  ami  iie/-(*tf  of  Ilerossus.  The  nuin- 
bt.i:i  iiif.  t:iiin|ilett'ly  Semitic.  There  art 
.il.ii  i.laliwittiu  difeseetitmsof  the  Pantheon, 
gi.ii^i.i|ihii:ul  di»eit4tions  explaining  the 
iili.ii|ii.i|ih.>  till  i'ouiitrirs  and  cities,  desig- 
ii.iliii,i  Ihtir  luiiiiui'ln,  and  di'Hcribing  their 
|i<ijiiiiiiia  ,  this  piiiiripal  Asiatic  rivers  and 
iii>iiii<i  iitia  Mil-  aUii  Kivrn.  Tiiere  are  trea- 
U.<>     lilt  iM  ii^liU  iiitd   measures,  divisions 

•  li  Uiiii  |iiihiU  III  tlir  compass,  &c.  &e. 
U«  I     r.  .Ill  1(1111.111111  W    fur  twelve  yearM, 

•  l<l««i.  iitit  l«iiiiiliii(  rt  ryrle  lik«*  that  of  the 
\V>i<i|il.  I  •«i  h  vriir  bfurs  a  name,  ge- 
t..i.lli    ili.it    III    II    H>'d.   and  all  the  old 

•  niiii  .11..  i(iiiithiii-il  nftrr  this  cycle. 
\u>i.i  iinii  nil  h  iin  lif  stones,  mctals, 
.III  I'l  'I  ihiiiiiiliiry  tracts  on  gco- 
I  „i  -••  iiiiiii.tk  iiiiil  hutiiiiy,  and  astro- 
I   a    I.I  I   i(..ti.il«iKii-iil    lormulie  with' 

..I     ..I       lltiii    •ui>  nUii  what  appear  to 
I       •    .i.«i.l     ^imiiiiiiiin  aiiil  dictionaries; 

.  .  I  tt  ^it.  ..  .i«>ik  will  he  hpared  by  a 

.III.     ,iiii.  Ii  111-   \\*m   found    to    the 
....I.  ..  ..i   lllll•^lllplllc   Higns,  and 


I 
.1 

h. 


I. 


II 


II  t 


I    I 


I.  .11  ii.iiii  |i|iiiiirlic  characters. 
M     ii.>u  |«  III  li.tKUieiits;   but 

uii.iua    limiKht  into  the 

i«    •  u  itii*  HJiiUt   (ireecc 

•  .iliuiBiii      Altogether, 

i.ii....  h       wt-ti/hteil    at    the 

i>  1 1    •■  i«t    «>|ii-iiiiig   out.      The 

>>.|ii,    ii>iiMi|jli   A   complete 

. ...  I-     iiiiiii.il  ,  .   bill  the  results 

I  ■  .il.  ill.         II.    t.iiicludts  with 

«     .|>Uuilid     luiit,    full    of 

.1  ..iii|i»uu,  U««   bmi  recently 


memoir  ;  and  recent  researches  of  Col. 
Rawlinson  appear  to  show  that  all  the  in- 
scriptions of  that  part  of  the  empire,  older 
tiian  the  epoch  of  Nebuchadnezzar,  were 
written  in  cognate  dialects. 

At  the  anniversary  of  the  Linnttmi 
Society,  held  on  the  S4th  May,  Robert 
Brown,  es<i.  who  has  filled  the  office  for 
three  years,  tendered  his  resignation,  and 
Prof.  Thomas  Bell  was  elected  in  his  place. 
The  society  had  lost  by  death  during  the 
past  year  eleven  Fellows,  three  Foreign 
Members,  and  one  Associate  ;  and  fifteen 
Fellows  and  two  Foreign  Members  had 
been  elected.  The  receipts  (including  last 
year's  balance)  amounted  to  882/.  and  the 
expenses  to  719/.  Mr.  Brown  has  pre> 
sented  to  the  Society  the  portrait  of 
Linneeus,  which  was  sent  by  Archbishop 
von  Troil  to  Sir  Joseph  Banks,  and 
from  which  the  engraving  was  made 
which  is  prefixed  to  Dr.  Maton*s  General 
View  of  the  Writings  of  Linnaeus. 

The  prizes  of  the  Society  of  Art»  were 
distributed  on  the  10th  of  June  by  H.R.H. 
Prince  Albert,  having  been  intermitted 
since  the  year  1 850  in  consequence  of  the 
Great  l']xhibition,  in  which  the  Society 
took  so  active  a  i>art.  The  Isis  medal 
was  presented  to  Mr.  James  Taylor 
of  Elgin,  for  his  essay  on  the  Cotton 
Manufactures  of  India  ;  the  silver  medal 
to  Mr.  Henry  Weekes,  A.  R.  A.  and 
to  Mr.  F.  C.  Bakewell  for  their  essays 
on  the  Fine  Arts  Department  and  the 
Machinery  of  the  (ireat  Exhibition  re- 
spectively; the  Society's*  modal  to  the 
Very  Rev.  the  Dean  of  Hereford  for  his 
essay  on  Self-supportin;;  Schools  ;  the  So- 
ciety's medal  and  5()/.  to  Mr.  James  Hole, 
of  Leeds,  for  his  cs.ty  on  the  Hiatory  and 
Munai;emcnt  of  Literary,  Scientific,  and 
Mechanics'  Inhtituliwiis.  The  Society's 
medal  was  aUo  presented  to  Mr.  W. 
Stones,  of  Quconliiihr,  for  an  essay  on 
the  Manufacture  of  Paper;  to  Mr.  W. 
Bulhicrt  and  Mr.  11.  Owen  Huhkisson  for 
essays  on  the  Use  and  Preparation  of  Salt ; 


1853.J 


Notes  of  the  Month, 


65 


to  Moni.  A.  Claudet  for  an  essay  od  the 
Stereoscope,  and  iU  application  to  Pho- 
tography ;  to  Mr.  G.  Bd  wards  for  a  Port- 
able Photographic  Camera ;  to  the  Rev. 
W.  T.  Kingsley  for  his  DiscoTeries  in 
Photography ;  and  to  J.  Toynbee,  esq. 
F.R.S.  for  his  Artificial  Membrana  Tym- 
pani.  The  thanks  of  the  Society  were 
given  to  Dr.  Cumin,  of  Bath,  for  his  Spe- 
cimens of  Paper  from  Sugar-cane  Refuse, 
and  to  Dr.  Lloyd,  of  Warwick,  for  his 
Samples  of  Paper  made  from  the  Refuse 
of  Cowhouses.  During  the  past  session 
327  new  members  have  been  elected,  and 
the  income  of  the  Society  has  increased 
from  2883/.  to  3909/. 

On  the  evening  of  the  22d  June  a  very 
agreeable  and  well-attended  conversazione 
was  held  in  the  Architectural  Museum 
at  Cannon-row,  Westminster,  of  the 
formation  of  which  we  gave  some  account 
in  our  April  number,  p.  280.  A  report 
of  the  progress  hitherto  made  was  read  by 
Mr.  George  Gilbert  Scott,  the  treasurer ; 
and  the  assemblage  was  addressed  succes- 
sively by  Earl  de  Grey,  who  took  the 
chair,  the  Dean  of  Ely,  Mr.  George  God- 
win, the  Rev.  William  Scott,  Archdeacon 
Thorpe,  Mr.  Hard  wick,  R.A.  and  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Petit.  The  museum  already  com- 
prises specimens  from  the  best  examples 
of  architectural  sculpture  in  this  country, 
and  many  from  abroad,  all  arranged  in 
order,  and  the  different  styles  of  each 
architectural  period  grouped  together. 
Mr.  S.  Cundy  bore  testimony  to  the  im- 
provement which  his  workmen  have  al- 
ready derived  from  their  studies  in  this 
school  of  art ;  which  is  particularly  pro- 
vided to  advance  the  operative  skill  of  the 
intelligent  artisan.  Arrangements  are  in 
progress  for  giving  a  series  of  lectures  on 
art  workmanship. 

The  Installation  of  the  Earl  of  Derby 
as  Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Oj(ford 
took  place  on  Tuesday,  the  7th  of  June. 
He  entertd  the  Sheldonian  Theatre  at 
eleven  o'clock,  attended  by  the  Vice- 
Cbancellor,  the  Proctors,  and  other  autho- 
rities of  the  University.  Among  the  visi- 
tors were  H.R.H.  the  Duke  of  Cambridge, 
the  Hereditary  Grand  Duke  and  Duchess 
of  Mecklenburg  Strelitz,  H.R.H.  the 
Princess  Mary  of  Cambridge,  Mr.  Van 
fiuren,  formerly  President  of  the  United 
States,  the  Persian  Ambassador,  the 
Bishops  of  London,  Salisbury,  Chiches- 
ter, Oiford,  St.  Asaph,  Lincoln,  St.  An- 
drew's, Moray  and  Ross,  Nova  Scotia, 
Quebec,  Antigua,  Guiana,  and  Montreal. 
The  first  business  consisted  in  announcing 
that  the  degree  of  D.C.L.  had  been  con- 
ferred on  the  Duke  of  Cambridge  and  the 
Uered.  Grand  Duke  of  Mecklenburg  Stre- 
KtB  on  the  preceding  day.  The  honorary  de- 

Gbnt.  Mag.  Vol.  XL. 


grec  of  D.C.L.  was  conferred  on  the  seven- 
teen following  persons  named  by  the  Chan- 
cellor,— the  Marquesses  of  Blandford  and 
Chandos,  the  Earls  of  Eglintoun,  Hard- 
wicke,  and  Malmesbury ;  his  son  Lord 
Stanley  \  Lords  Redesdale,  Colchester,  and 
St.  Leonard's  ;  the  Rt.  Hon.  T.  B.  Macau- 
lay,  the  Lord  Justice  Turner,  the  Rt  Hon. 
Sir  John  Pakington,  the  Rt  Hon.  Spencer 
Horatio  Walpole,  the  Rt.  Hon.  Benjamin 
Disraeli,  the  Rt.  Hon.  Joseph  Napier, 
Major-Gen.  the  Hon.  Sir  Edward  Cast, 
and  the  Rev.  Joseph  Pulling,  B.D.  Vice- 
Chancellor  of  Cambridge.  The  Creweian 
Oration  was  next  delivered  by  Dr.  Mi- 
chell,  Vice- President  of  Magdalen  hall,  and 
Public  Orator;  the  Chancellor's  English 
prize  essay,  On  Popular  Poetry  considered 
as  a  test  of  National  Character,  was  read 
by  its  author,  Mr.  Day  of  Wadham  college; 
and  six  congratulatory  odes  were  recited,— 
in  Greek  by  Mr.  C.  Griffith  of  Wadham 
and  Mr.  Falcon  of  Queen's,  in  Latin  by 
Mr.  Atkinson  of  Exeter  and  Mr.  Darner 
of  Trinity,  and  in  English  by  Mr.  Edwin 
Arnold  of  University  and  Mr.  W.  Alex- 
ander, S.C.L.  of  New  Inn  Hall. 

The  Chancellor  was  lodged  at  Worcester 
college,  where  he  was  entertained  by  Mr. 
Cotton  the  Principal,  in  his  capacity  of 
Vioe-Chancellor ;  and  he  afterwards  ho- 
noured with  his  presence  the  Horticultural 
Show,  then  held  in  its  garden.  The  Duke 
of  Cambridge  and  a  distinguished  party 
lunched  at  All  Souls*  collie.  At  four 
o'clock  the  Chancellor  held  a  levee  in  the 
library  of  the  Taylor  Institution  ;  and  af- 
terwards a  grand  banquet  was  given  in  the 
hall  at  Worcester,  to  which  upwards  of 
130  sat  down,  and  the  Chancellor  delivered 
a  long  and  eloquent  speech  on  the  past  his- 
tory and  future  prospects  of  the  Univer- 
sity. He  professed  himself  a  neutral 
between  the  two  opposite  ecclesiastical 
sects,  and,  while  he  admitted  that  the 
notice  of  reform  was  not  to  be  slighted, 
he  hoped  that  nothing  would  be  done  to 
alter  the  essential  constitution  and  reli- 
gious principles  of  the  University.  On  the 
advantages  of  a  classical  education  he  ex- 
patiated with  great  felicity.  He  recom- 
mended that  a  distinct  theological  school 
should  be  established  in  the  University ; 
and  this  was .  repeated  by  the  Bishop  of 
London. 

The  next  day  another  banquet  took 
place  at  Christ  Church,  of  which  Society 
the  Chancellor  is  a  member ;  the  same 
day  being  diversified  by  the  Sermon  for 
the  Ratcliffe  Infirmary,  the  Show  and 
Dinner  of  the  Oxfordshire  Agricultural 
Society,  a  Concert  in  the  Sheldonian  The- 
atre, and  a  Masonic  ball  in  the  Town  hall. 

At  another  Convocation,  held  on  Thurs- 
day, the  9th  of  June,  the  honorary  degree 

K 


66 


NoUi  of  the  Month. 


CJnlj, 


»>f  D.C.I-.  w,i->  i"»nfrirc'il  on  i^e  i!on.  Jy- 
i»<'|ih  K-iiitlM]|i]i  ln);fT«u]].  MinistiT  of  the 
Cnitc'l  Siatr>.  tin-  Kt.  Rfv.  (i.  J.  Moun- 
tain, hijiln»p  .»f  Qiii'i  r.  t)ie  Kl,  R«rv.  (',  P. 
Mrllvairii',  lJis''»«ip  r)f  Ol.io,  tijf  Rt.  Rev. 
('.  \V«ir«I<wnrt'  ,  lli-li'ip  «.f  S^.  Andrew's, 
Sir  J.  IJ.  Y.iriJe  HiilUr,  Il.irt..  Sir  EtIwarH 
BuIwLT  Lyltfin,  Hart,.  Sir  Thom^is  Glad- 
itton*?,  B'irt.,  Sir  R.  I.  Murrliia-)!!.  F. R.S., 
Sir  Arohil)rild  Ali^fn,  liart..  Sir  Charles 
£a5tl.ike,  Prrs.  R.A..  Plnlip  Pu^ey,  e«q., 
Geo.  Ail  X.  Ilainilfdn,  isij.  M.P..  Colonel 
Mure,  M.l*.,  Chn".  N.  Newdei^nte.  esq. 
M.P..  Sainui-I  Warren.  r*q.  U.C.,  Richard 
Brijjhl,  cvj.  M.D..  Purbe.**  Win^JJow,  e*q. 
M.l)..  (»  o.  (irotc.  f-iq..  Wrn.  T.  Brande, 
e«q.  P.R.S.,  |'r<ift\-»or  Jan'.c-s  D.  Fcirbes, 
Jo'ijili  II«Miry  (ifiCu,  rsq.,  anil  Prolessor 
W.  K.  .Vytonn.  An  Installntion  (.)ile. 
writti-n  by  the  RfV.  T.  L.  CI  iiifhtoii  the 
Piofr.-Mor  nf  PtK  try,  and  set  t»  niusic  by 
Sir  II.  R.  1ji>hnp,  was  then  performed, 
Mr.  Lork'-y  and  llcrr  Staudii^l  being  the 
prinrip.'iUol'thiii-rr".  Mr.(ieor^i'  Ridding, 
B.A.  KiMtJW  (if  Kxeter  (Craven  >chular 
1851;.  road  n  '.lorlion  of  his  Latin  disquirii- 
tion.  on  the  ^llhjfct,  Uuicnam  jirfceipuc 
rau>ie  sint.  rnr  (iricria  Romani  in  urtiuni 
liberalinni  ^itutiii:}  \\\  pnr's,  neduin  supe- 
rion'H  eva-crint  .- "  which  was  followid  by 
the  N«  wdecatc  prize  poem,  "The  Ruins 
of  P^pyptianThohr*/'  by  Mr.  Sam.  Ilarvey 
Reynolds,  .-cholar  ot  Exeter  college  (wiiose 
younger  brrither,  a  crholar  of  Kins:'s  col- 
lege, Cambridge,  has  just  gained  the  Chan- 
cellor's medal  in  that  nniversitv  for  the 
best  Englihh  poem  on  "  VValmer  Caatle." 
They  arc  the  sons  of  Mr.  Reynolds,  a  sur- 
geon at  Stoke  NVwington).  The  Greek 
and  l-jitin  Ode«  were  recited  by  Mr.  R.N. 
Sandertion,  of  Magdalen  hall,  and  Mr. 
Walker,  of  Corpus  Christ i  college  ;  and 
an  Engli.<»li  ode<  by  Mr.  Ball,  of  iialliol. 

At  the  clo^e  of  the  proceedings  in  the 
Theatre  the  Chancellor  viAited  the  Claren- 
don Printing  Office,  where  he  wa.s  pre- 
sented with  a  copy  of  Aristotelia  Poetica, 
by  Tyrwhitt,  on  the  largest  paper,  a  book 
of  which  vi  ry  few  exiflt.  and  which  is 
generally  reserveri  for  preffentations  to 
royal  personage.-.  He  was  entertained  to 
a  collation  in  the  hall  of  University  col- 
lege, and  to  dinner  at  Pembroke  college, 
of  whitrh  he  is  visitor.  In  the  evening 
the  second  Installation  bull  took  place  at 
the  Town  Hall. 

Dn  his  way  to  Oxford  the  Earl  of  Derby 
was  met  at  Culham  by  the  Bishop  of  Ox- 
ford—who had  just  preached  at  the  re- 
opening of  Dorchester  Church  after  its  re- 
cent repairs  by  Mr.  Butterfield— in  order 
to  be  pre<tent  at  the  opening  of  the  Diocesan 
Trainintj  College  at  the  former  place.  This 
establishment   occupies  about   five   acres 


uejr  ilie  Abiugdoo  Road  vtation  of  the 
Great  Western  railway.  The  building  if 
in  the  Decorated  style  of  architecture,  aad 
\%  capable  of  accommodating  about  130 
studentjji,  of  which  number  it  now  has  fifty, 
under  the  mastership  of  the  Rev.  Arthor 
Rawjion  Ash  well,  and  the  Rev.  Thomai 
Izod  as  vice- principal.  The  bnilding  hn 
been  erected  by  labscriptiOD,  aaibted  by  a 
grant  from  government ;  bat  a  farther 
«um  of  3,(HX>/.  is  required  to  carry  out  the 
undertaking,  towards  which,  after  a  long 
and  eloquent  address,  the  Earl  of  Derby 
contributed  lUO/. 

At  the  Vnirtrtitif  of  Camiridfe  the 
Chancellor's  Eui;li»h  Medal  for  the  beit 
English  poem,  in  heroic  verse,  has  been 
adjudge .1  to  Herbert  John  Reynolds, 
Scholar  of  King's  College.  Subject — 
''  Walmer  Castle.' '  The  Members*  prises 
for  dissertations  in  Latin  prose  have  been 
adjudged  to — Backelort,  1.  J.  Chambers, 
B.A.  Scholar  of  St.  John's  College.  S.  C. 
H .  Chambers.  B.A.  Trinity  College.  Sub- 
ject— *'  Quatenus  nobis  veteres  in  coloniis 
dcdui'endis  exemplum  qnod  initemur  rdi- 
querint.*' — Vadergraduafet^  1.  G.  S. 
Sale,  Scholar  of  Trinity  College.  2.  J. 
Foxley,  St.  Joiin's  College.  Sabject— 
"  Utrum  ex  cloric  cupidine  an  ex  honesta 
erga  renipublicam  studio,magnaplerumque 
et  hcroicM  facta  oriantur."  The  Cpmam 
gold  medal  for  the  best  Exercise  in  Latin 
Hexameter  Verse  is  adjudged  to  Charles 
Stuart  Culverler,  Christ's  College;  aad 
the  Ponton  Prize  to  S.  H.  Bonbory, 
Scholar  if  St.  John's  College. 

The  sale  of  Marshal  Souit*s  Gallery  of 
Spanish  pictures,  which  took  place  last 
year  in  Paris,  has  been  quickly  followed 
by  the  dispersal  of  the  Spanish  Gallery 
formed  by  the  late  King  Louis- Philippe. 
This  has  been  sold  in  London  by  Messrs. 
Christie  and  Manson.  It  was  chiefly 
formed  by  Baron  Taylor  in  the  year  1836, 
at  the  time  when  the  suppression  of  the 
monasteries,  and  the  panic  induced  by 
other  revolutionary  proceedings,  induced 
the  proprietors  to  listen  readily  to  the 
overtures  of  purchasers.  The  first  por- 
tion, sold  on  the  0th  and  7th  of  May, 
amounted  to  l(i8  pictures,  and  realised 
more  than  10,000/.  There  were  sevend 
fine  works  of  Francisco  Znrbarau,  four  of 
which,  the  Annunciation,  the  Conception, 
the  Adoration  of  the  Shepherds,  and  the 
Magi,  were  sold  in  one  lot  for  1700 
guineas,  to  the  Due  de  Montpensier,  and 
will  therefore  return  to  Spain.  One  spe- 
cimen, St.  Francis  kneeling,  was  pur- 
chased for  onr  National  Gallery,  for  265 
guineas.  Another,  a  group  of  Carthusian 
monks  kneeling  before  the  Mrgin,  was 
cheaply  bought  for  165  guineas,  by  Count 


185d.] 


Note9  of  the  Month. 


«7 


RacziQski  of  Prussia.  Mr.  Farrer  bought 
A  portrait  of  Philip  IV.  by  Vclasques,  for 
250  guineas ;  and  another  of  Philip's 
premier,  the  Conde  de  OliYares,  for  310 
guineas.  A  portrait  of  Isabel  the  first 
wife  of  Philip  IV.,  also  by  Velasquez,  was 
purchased  by  Mr.  Ford,  the  biographer 
of  the  artist,  for  only  46  guineas.  The 
Virgen  de  la  Faya,  by  Murtllo,  was  bought 
for  1500  guineas  by  the  Due  de  Montpen- 
sier,  to  be  restored  to  Spain ;  it  was 
purchased  by  Louis-Philippe  for  60,000 
francs.  A  large  Conception  by  Murillo 
sold  for  830  guineas ;  and  St.  Joseph 
and  the  Child,  painted  in  his  third  and 
most  popular  manner,  for  440  guineas, 
to  Mr.  Lyne  Stephens.  The  Second  por- 
tion of  the  Collection,  sold  on  the  13th 
and  14th  of  May,  consisted  of  330  pic- 
tures, and  realised  10,380/.  Prince  Albert 
purchased  for  only  68  guineas  another  St 
Francis  by  Zurbaran ;  and  also,  for  240 
guineas,  Balaam  and  the  Angel,  a  grand 
gallery  picture  by  Alonso  Cano.  A  fine 
Saviour,  by  Murillo,  was  cheaply  bought 
by  Lord  Breadalbane  for  160  guineas; 
while  another,  of  very  doubtful  authen- 
ticity, produced  250  guineas.  A  Magda- 
len, also  doubtfully  assigned  to  the  same 
artist,  fetched  840  guineas.  A  portrait  of 
Isabel  de  Bourbon,  wife  of  Philip  IV.,  by 
Velasquez,'  was  bought  by  Mr.  Farrer  for 
300  guineas.  The  great  attraction,  the 
Nativity  by  Velasquez,  was  bought  for 
our  National  Gallery  for  2050  guineas. 
This  picture  was  painted  at  Seville,  when 
Velasquez  was  pupil  to  his  father-in-law 
Pacheco;  it  was  long  preserved  in  the 
£amily  of  the  Conde  del  Aquila,  and  was 
■old  to  Louis  Philippe  for  4800/.  A  por- 
trait  by  Murillo  of  Andrea  Andrade,  the 
•late  verger  of  the  cathedral  of  Seville, 
was  knocked  down  for  1030  guineas. 
This  picture  was  purchased  about  twenty 
years  ago  by  Sir  John  Brackenbury  of  the 
heirs  of  Andrade,  and  (after  having  been 
declined  by  our  government  at  500/.)  was 
sold  to  Louis  Philippe  for  1000/.  In  the 
third  portion,  sold  on  the  ?Uth  and  21st 
May,  Mr.  Nieuwenhuys  bought  for  710 

Sineas,  St.  James,  by  Guido.  A  small 
urillo,  St.  Thomas  of  Villaneuva  giving 
•Ims,  from  the  Augustine  convent  at  Se- 
ville, was  sold  for  710  guineas  to  Mr. 
Thomas  Baring ;  The  Martyr  San  Ro- 
drigo,  by  the  same  artist,  to  the  Museum 
at  Dresden  for  210  guineas;  and  Saint 
Felix  of  Cantalicius,  also  a  fine  Murillo, 
to  Mr.  Beauclerk  for  350  guineas.  The 
total  amount  brought  by  528  pictures  ex- 
ceeded 27,000/.  This  is  a  sum  far  infe- 
rior to  that  paid  for  them  by  Louis* Phi- 
lippe ;  and  is  small  in  proportion  to  that 
obtained  by  Marshal  Soult's  collection, 
wluch  realised  60,000/.  of  which  23,400/. 


was  for  one  picture— 'the  Conception  by 
Murillo. 

The  Standith  Gallery^  bequeathed  to 
Louis  Philippe  by  Mr.  Frank  Hall  Standish, 
has  followed  the  same  fate.  This  collec- 
tion, consisting  of  244  pictures,  has  pro- 
duced just  10,000  guineas.  It  was  formed 
by  Mr.  Standish  about  twenty  years  ago, 
chiefiy  in  Spain,  where  he  resided  some 
years,  making  Seville  his  head-quarters. 
Mr.  Standish  was  also  a  great  collector  of 
rare  books,  which  he  understood  better 
than  the  fine  arts.  He  was  anxious,  on 
his  return  to  England,  to  have  his  acquisi- 
tions kept  together;  and,  as  he  had  no 
children  of  his  own,  he  formed  the  project 
of  making  them  over  to  the  nation  as  a 
memorial  of  himself.  In  an  interview 
with  Lord  Melbourne,  he  offered  to  bestow 
his  books  on  the  British  Museum,  and  the 
pictures  on  the  National  Gallery,  accom- 
panying the  proposal  with  a  hint  that  an 
extinct  Baronetcy  in  his  family  might  in 
consequence  be  restored.  Mr.  Standish 
'*  took  huff''  at  the  Minister  declining 
*  •  to  barter  the  honours  of  the  Crown  ;*' 
and  partly  in  pique,  partly  from  a  pardon- 
able vanity,  and  more  because  he  was  of 
wayward  fancies,  he  put  a  slight  on  his 
own  countrymen  by  bequeathing  the  books 
and  paintings  to  King  Louis- Philippe. 
The  honours  of  the  Crown  have,  it  may 
be  feared,  been  "  bartered  "  on  occasions 
for  less  worthy  considerations — but  the 
fine  arts  are  not  a  Government  tempta- 
tion. The  royal  legatee  set  apart  a  room 
in  the  Louvre  for  the  reception  of  the 
pictures,  and  held  out  a  prospect  of  im- 
mortality to  the  donor  by  honouring  the 
collection  with  the  appellation  of  Lt  Mutit 
Standish.  Having  been  conveyed  to  Eng- 
land with  the  rest  of  the  personal  property 
of  the  Orleans  family,  the  books  are  now 
at  Orleans  House,  near  Richmond,  having 
been  purchased  by  the  Due  d' Aumale.  The 
pictures  might  have  been  gracefully  con- 
veyed to  the  countrymen  of  their  collector, 
in  acknowledgment  of  the  hospitality  of 
old  England.  Several,  however,  have 
been  purchased  by  Englishmen.  We  can 
only  name  a  few  of  the  most  important. 
A  portrait  of  the  Infante  Don  Carlos,  by 
Velasquez,  was  purchased  for  1600  guineas, 
it  was  suppoiied  for  Lord  Normanton ; 
and  St.  John,  by  the  same  painter,  in  his 
early  style  (but  attributed  in  the  catalogue 
to  Murillo),  to  Mr.  Anthony,  for  76 
guineas.  The  Angels  appearing  to  the 
Shepherds,  another  ^arly  Velasquez,  to 
Mr.  Davenport  Bromley,  for  380  guineas. 
A  portrait  by  Murillo  of  himself  was  sold 
to  Mr.  Marshall  for  330  guineas.  A  land- 
scape, by  Watteau,  with  figures  represent- 
ing actors  of  the  Comedie  Italienne,  pro- 
duced the  large  sum  of  700  guineas.     In 


68 


Notes  of  the  Month, 


[July, 


his  sale  were  four  pictures  painted  for 
Mr.  Standish  by  Roberts  :  the  Temple  of 
Efou,  sold  for  360  guineas ;  the  Interior 
of  the  Church  of  St  Helena  at  Betiilehem, 
for  460  guineas ;  the  Mosque  at  Cordova, 
for  300  guineas;  and  the  High  Altar  at 
Sefille  for  the  same  sum. 

On  the  18th  of  June  Messrs.  Christie 
and  Manson  sold  a  magnificent  THmery 
**  The  Dogana :  Church  of  S.  Giorgio, 
&c."  It  was  painted  for  Sir  Francis 
Chantrey,  exhibited  in  1841,  and  passed 
on  Chantrey*s  death  into  the  possession  of 
W.  J.  Broderip,  esq.  F.R.S.  among  whose 
pictures  it  was  now  sold.  It  produced 
ll50/.~On  the  20ih,  five  other  pictures 
hj  the  same  artist,  belonging  to  Benjamin 
Windus,  esq.  were  also  brought  to  the 
hammer:  1.  Venice:  Evening— -Ooiog  to 
the  Ball,  546/. ;  2.  Morning— Returning 
from  the  Ball,  641/. ;  3.  the  Dawn  of  Chris- 
tianity and  Flight  into  Egypt,  746/. ;  4. 
Glancns  and  Scylla,  735/.;  5.  The  Ap- 
proach  to  Venice,  800/. 

At  a  public  meeting  held  at  Willis's 
Rooms  on  the  4th  of  June,  the  Marquess 
of  Lansdowne  in  the  chair,  measures  were 
adopted  for  the  erection  in  the  metropolis 
(in  bronse)  of  Baron  Marochetti's  fine 
statue  of  Richard  Comr  de  Iaoh,  which 
was  sent  to  the  Great  Exhibition  of  1851. 
It  was  announced  that  her  Majesty  con- 
tributed 200/.  and  Prince  Albert  100/. 
for  this  object. 

The  Town  Council  of  Grantham  have 
granted  a  site  on  St.  Peter's-hill  for  the 
erection  of  a  Statue  to  the  memory  of  Sir 
iMoae  NewioH,  and  100/.  for  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  ground  for  its  reception  ;  and 
have  authorised  Mr.  Winter,  the  ex- Mayor, 
to  lay  the  resolutions  before  the  Royal 
Society,  with  the  request  that  it  will  take 
such  measures  as  its  council  may  deem  fit. 
Should  the  inauguration  of  the  Statue  take 
place  in  1854,  it  would  be  exactly  200 
years  after  Sir  Isaac  Newton  had  entered  a 
free  boy  on  the  foundation  of  the  Grantham 
Grammar  School. 

Jokn  Knox^t  Hout§  at  Bdinbwrgh  has 
been  entailed  on  the  Rev.  John  JaiTray, 
who,  while  on  the  one  hand  paying  a  full 
price  for  the  property,  receives  it  under 
stringent  provisions  against  the  dismem- 
bering or  separating  of  the  tenement,  or 
changing  its  original  character, and,  at  the 
■ame  time,  undertaking  to  repair  it,  and 
make  it  at  all  times  accessible  to  the  public. 

On  the  9th  of  April,  Dr.  Buroside,  who 
on  that  day  entered  on  his  73rd  year, 
handed  over  to  the  Corporation  of  THnity 
CoiUpe,  TbroN/o,  Canada,  a  cheque  for 
4000/.,  and  the  title-deeds  of  lands  ad- 
joining  the  College  grounds,  valued  at 
2000/.,  of  which  he  executed  a  ronveyanre 
to  the  Collfgr. 


At  the  annual  election  of  Fellows  into 
the  Royal  Society  ^  which  took  place  on  the 
2d  June,  out  of  the  thirty-two  candidates 
the  following  sixteen  recommended  by  the 
Council  were  chosen :  James  Apjohn, 
M.D. ;  John  George  Appold,  esq. ;  John 
Allan  Broun,  esq. ;  Antoine  Jean  Francois 
Claudet,  esq. ;  Edward  J.  Cooper,  esq. ; 
E.  Frankland,  esq. ;  John  Hall  Gladstone, 
esq. ;  Commander  Inglefield,  R.N. ;  Jo- 
seph Beete  Jukes,  esq. ;  Robert  Mac  An- 
drew, esq. ;  Charles  Manby,  esq. ;  Joseph 
Prestwich,  esq. ;  William  John  Macquom 
Rankine,  esq. ;  William  Wilson  Saunders, 
esq. ;  William  Spottiswoode,  esq. ;  Count 
P.  de  Strzelecki. 

The  Professorship  of  Geology  in  Qucen^t 
College f  Cork,  has  been  given  to  Mr.  R. 
Harkness ;  and  that  of  Civil  Engineering 
has  been  conferred  on  Mr.  John  England, 
of  Bandon. 

The  Earl  of  Aberdeen  has  forwarded 
from  the  Royal  Bounty  Fund  the  sum  of 
100/.  to  ifr.  Alexander  Somenrille,  the 
writer  of  a  series  of  articles  in  a  morning 
paper,  under  the  signature  of  "  One  who 
has  Whistled  at  the  Plough." 

A  prise  of  100  guineas,  offered  by  the 
Associate  Institution  for  the  best  essay  on 
the  laws  respecting  the  Protection  qf 
Women,  has  been  awarded  to  Mr.  James 
Edward  Davis,  barrister-at-law,  of  the 
Oxford  Circuit.  The  adjudicators  were 
the  Bishop  of  Oxford,  Vice-Chancellor 
Wood,  and  Mr.  Roundell  Palmer,  M.P. 

Mr.  Britton's  Wiltehire  Collections 
have  been  permanently  transferred  to 
the  museum  at  Devizes.  At  a  meeting 
held  at  the  Town  Hall,  on  the  8th  of 
June,  of  the  Committee  of  the  "  Wiltshire 
Archaeological  and  Natural  History  So- 
ciety," it  was  resolved,  "  That  the  whole 
of  the  collection  of  Wiltshire  Antiquities 
being  now  received  from  Mr.  Britton,  the 
Secretary  be  requested  to  make  known  to 
him  the  great  gratification  the  Committee 
have  experienced  in  inspecting  so  numer- 
ous and  valuable  a  series,  and  to  express 
their  best  thanks  for  the  additional  works, 
&c.  which  Mr.  Britton  has  been  so  good 
as  to  present  to  the  Society." 

Mr,  James  Underwood,  an  industrious 
collector,  to  whom  many  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished Irish  antiquaries  and  naturalists 
have  expressed  their  obligations,  as  having 
assisted  to  preserve  some  of  the  most 
interesting  objects  now  in  the  museum  of 
the  Royal  Irish  Academy,  has  been  driven 
by  distress  to  make  a  public  appeal  for 
assistance.  He  was  compelled  to  sell  his 
collection  in  the  year  1 8.37  ;  and  it  formed 
the  nucleus  of  that  national  museum  of 
which  Ireland  is  now  justly  proud.  After 
a  temporary  engagement  as  ra^h-faker  at 
l)ie  Royal  Hibernian  Academy,  Mr.  Un- 


1858.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews^ 


69 


denrood  is  now  without  the  means  of 
support  for  his  Uirge  family.  His  claims 
are  recommended  by  Dr.  Petrie  and  Mr. 
Wakeman,  and  by  Mr.  Glennon  the  nata- 


ralist ;  who  will  receive  contributions  for 
his  maintenance  until  some  permanent 
employment  can  be  found  for  him. 


HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


A  Selection  Jrom  the  Correspondence  qf 
the  late  Thomas  Chalmers,  D.D.  LL.D, 
Edited  by  his  Son-in-law,  the  Rev.  Wil- 
liam Hanna,  LL.D.  890.  Edinburgh. 
1853. — This  is  an  excellent  Supplement 
to  the  Life  of  Dr.  Chalmers,  which  we 
have  already  fully  noticed.  The  letters 
are  not  aiTsnged  chronologically  in  one 
series,  which  we  think  the  best  arrange- 
ment in  all  cases,  but  chronologically  in 
reference  to  the  letters  addressed  to  each 
CorrespondeDt— all  which  are  thrown  to- 
gether. Of  all  the  different  collections  of 
letters  thus  formed,  those  written  by  Dr. 
Chalmers  to  his  sister,  Mrs.  Morton,  are 
to  our  mind  unquestionably  the  best. 
They  are  natural,  unrestrained,  and  full  of 
life  and  character.  Others  of  his  letters 
are  probably  more  skilful,  because  they 
are  more  studied  :  these  hvtQ  the  charm 
of  a  dashing  genial  off-hand  freedom, 
which  in  such  compositions  is  the  most 
attractive  of  all  qualities.  Dissertations 
are  sometimes  excellent  things,  but  not 
often  so  when  they  occur  in  the  form  of 
letters.  In  these  letters  there  are  no  dis- 
sertations, and  little  tittle-tattle,  but  there 
runs  through  them  a  gentle  placid  stream 
of  sober  piety,  and  they  contain  just  such 
information  about  matters  of  domestic  and 
(kmiiy  interest  as  would  be  likely  to  fall 
from  the  pen  of  a  man  busied  with  affairs 
of  general  moment. 

The  Letters  to  Mr.  James  Anderson 
and  Mr.  Thomas  Smith,  young  men  in 
whom  Dr.  Chalmers  took  even  more  than 
a  fiitherly  interest,  and  his  close  intimacies 
with  whom  formed  pleasing  episodes  in 
his  Memoirs,  open  the  volume.  There  are 
also  letters  to  the  Rev.  Charles  Brydges, 
the  Rev.  J.  W.  Cunningham,  and  others 
of  the  English  Evangelical  clergy,  of  whom 
■a  a  body  he  entertained  the  very  highest 
opinion ;  to  Lord  Lome,  about  the  at- 
tempts made  in  Parliament  to  a? oid  the 
breach  in  the  Scottish  church ;  to  Mr. 
Lennox,  of  New  York,  a  munificent  bene- 
ftctor  of  the  Free  Church  ;  a  multitude  of 
letters  written  to  various  persons  in  reply 
to  annonncements  of  deaths,  and  many  to 
persons  who  had  been  his  helpers  in  the 
varioiu  places  in  which  he  had  been  sta- 
tioned as  a  minister  or  professor. 

It  is  impossible  that  any  thing  which 
fell  from  the  pen  of  Dr.  Chalmers  can  be 


devoid  of  interest,  and  these  letters,  when 
read  in  connection  with  his  Memoirs,  will 
be  found  both  to  throw  light  upon  those 
valuable  volujnes,  and  to  receive  it  from 
them. 


Poems  by  Edward  Quilinan,  with  a 
Memoir.  By  W.  Johnston. — The  Memoir 
prefixed  to  this  charming  volume  is  in 
every  way  worthy  of  its  subject.  It  is 
long  since  we  have  met  with  a  biographi- 
cal sketch  that  pleased  us  more.  Of  the 
collection  of  poems  which  follows  we  can 
speak  in  similar  terms.  The  author,  we 
need  hardly  say  it,  was  the  son-in-law  of 
Wordsworth.  He  married  Dora  Words- 
worth, maoy  years  after  he  had  lost  his 
first  wife,  the  daughter  of  Sir  Egerton 
Brydges.  He  was  a  native  of  Oporto,  but 
of  Irish  parents.  He  lost  his  mother 
early,  was  educated  in  England,  entered 
the  army,  saw  a  stricken  field  or  two,  and 
finally  withdrew  from  the  military  profes- 
sion, to  devote  himself  to  literature  and 
purely  home  enjoyments.  He  was  a  Ro< 
man  Catholic  by  the  chances  of  birth  and 
education,  but  in  practice  he  was  a  Pro- 
testant, attending  the  services  of  our 
church  with  his  family,  and  using  our 
church  prayers  at  his  own  hearth.  **  On 
one  occasion,  when  it  was  more  logically 
than  kindly  suggested  to  him  that,  as 
a  Roman  Catholic,  it  was  necessary  for 
him  to  believe  that  those  he  had  loved 
best  on  earth  were  excluded  from  Heaven, 
and  that  any  Roman  Catholic  priest  would 
tell  him  so,  he  exclaimed  with  indignation 
that  if  any  such  thing  were  said  to  him 
by  an  ecclesiastic,  he  would  answer  as 
Laertes  is  made  to  answer  in  the  play  of 
'  Hamlet,*  when  the  priest  forbids  the 
completion  of  the  religious  ceremonies  at 
the  grave  of  poor  Ophelia.*'  The  only 
fault  of  poor  Quilinan  was  a  constitutional 
excitability  of  temper  common  to  all  with 
Irish  blood  in  their  veins.  Happy  the 
man  of  whom  nothing  worse  could  be 
said.  An  affectionate  executor  has  pre- 
pared the  best  of  bis  poems  for  the  public 
eye  ;  and  the  public  may  feel  fittingly 
grateful  for  a  volume  rich  in  exquisite  sen- 
timent, purity  of  feeling,  truthfulness, 
and  gentle  beauty.  It  will  be  undoubt- 
edly popular,  and  highly  deserves  to  be 
so.    If  it  contained  nothing  but  the  verges 


70 


Miscellaneowt  Reviews > 


to  the  wive&  whom  he  clearly  loved  and 
dignifiedly  mourned— mourned  in  heart 
and  not  in  words  merely,  honouring  their 
memories  by  his  manly  sorrow,  the  book 
would  even  then  ha  worthy  of  the  sym- 
pathy of  all  who  feel  that  poetry  is  not 
necessarily  fiction  any  more  than  a 
promise  on  a  tomb-stone  is  necessarily 
truth.  The  lines  headed  "  Alone,"  will 
illustrate  what  we  mean.  We  conclude 
with  the  following,  as  something  new  con- 
nected with  Wordsworth. 

"The  summers  of  184.J  and  IrtU 
were  passed  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Quilinan 
at  '  the  Island,'  in  Winderrncri',  belong- 
ing to  Mr.  Curwen,  of  Workington  Hall, 
with  who:»e  family  the  WorJsworths 
were  connected  by  the  marriage  of  the 
poet's  cldrst  son  with  Miss*  ('urwcn.  Mr. 
Curwen  frequently  lent  his  residence  to 
his  friends,  which  led  Mr.  Word-Jworth  to 

f>crpetrate  a  pun  upon  the  place  (the  only 
evity  of  the  kind  perhaps  that  he  ever 
fell  into),  and  to  propose  that  it  should  be 
called  the  Borrow -me-an  Island." 

Single-speech  Hamilton  made  an  ex- 
cellent speech,  on  whicii  his  reputation  as 
an  orator  proverbially  rests.  Words- 
worth's reputation  a<  a  punster  reits  upon 
a  Bimilar  foundation.  We  only  wish  he  had 
commilteil  more  of  such  pleasant  pecca- 
dilloes. He  wouM  have  written  none  the 
worse  poetry  for  it. 

The  Etymological  Compendium t  or 
Portfolio  of  Ori'jins  and  Inventions.  By 
William  Pulleyn,  3rd  edition,  revised  and 
improved  by  Morton  A.  Thorns,  sm.  8po. 
1853.— Tlie  editor  of  this  work  is  a  now 
candidate  for  literary  honours,  and,  as  we 
learn  from  the  preface,  a  son  of  Mr.  Thoms 
the  editor  of  Notes  and  Queries.  His 
additions  to  this  book  indicate  him  to  be 
his  father's  own  son.  He  deals  in  folk 
lore,  chronicles  old  customs  and  popular 
gayings,  and  has  evidently  an  eye  to  all 
things  curious  and  note-worthy.  The  book 
tells  everything.  It  is  not  over  particular 
as  to  accuracy,  a  good  story  seems  to  have 
gone  as  far  with  Mr.  Pulleyn  as  a  sturdy 
fact,  but  then  he  makes  up  largely  by  va- 
riety and  comprehension.  He  embraces 
facts  and  fictions  of  all  kinds,  from  the 
origin  of  language,  government,  writing, 
music,  and  all  the  other  fundamentals  of 
society  and  civilization,  to  such  questions 
as  how  we  came  by  randies,  gas-lights,  and 
lanthonis  ;  when  we  began  to  pay  rent  to 
landlords  and  fees  to  lawyers  ;  what  is  the 
meaning  of  the  black  doll  hung  up  at 
rag  shops ;  and  the  appellations  Whigs 
and  Tories  in  our  party  disputes ;  who  in- 
vented telescopes,  playing  cards,  quoits, 
foot  ball,  twelfth  cake,  calico  printing, 
and  the  stamp  duty  on  receipts  ;  who  were 


[July, 

the  Mamelukes,  the  Brownies,  Pope  Joan* 
and  John  Doe  and  Richard  Roe ;  what  it 
a  banyan  day,  a  whiffler,  a  spinntog  jeney, 
a  lac  of  rupees,  the  curse  of  ScotUnd,  a 
man  of  straw,  a  haggis,  a  fandango,  T^;e- 
table  ivory,  and  a  goe  of  gin  ;  where  may 
be  found  various  celebrated  places  betweoi 
the  Regent's  Park  and  the  Red  Sea  ;  why 
a  person  who  is  out  of  sortu  is  no  great 
shakes  ;  and  why  we  eat  goose  at  Michael- 
mas; wlio  are  the  bulls  and  the  bears  of  the 
Stock  Exchange ;  what  is  a  death-watdi,  a 
sham  Abram,  a  skinflint,  a  radical,  a  horos- 
cope, a  dennet,and  a  dun:  with  ten  thousand 
other  things  for  inquiry  and  investigation. 
The  volume  is,  in  truth,  a  Notes  and  Que- 
ries in  little,  with  all  the  faults  and  excel- 
leacies  of  the  originaL  A  concentrated 
essence  of  odd  curious  little  items  of 
knowledge,  caught  flying  and  flzed  in  type 
for  the  use  of  every  body.  In  one  respect, 
however,  it  is  not  like  its  weekly  proto- 
type. It  does  not  contain  a  word  about 
photography.  The  next  edition  will  pro- 
bably remedy  this  omission. 

The  design  of  the  book  is  evidently  an 
excellent  one.  There  is  something  in  it  to 
interest  every  body.  It  will  therefore  no 
doubt  command  a  large  and  ready  sale, 
and  give  the  editor  many  opportunities  of 
correction  and  enlargement.  We  will 
give  one  extract  as  n  specimen  : — 

THE    TROUBADOURS. 

"  When  the  cloth  was  ta*en  away, 
Minstrels  straight  began  to  play, 
And  while  harps  and  viols  join. 
Raptured  bards,  in  strains  divine. 
Loud  the  trembling  arches  rung 
With  the  noble  deeds  we  sung.** 

In  the  eleventh  century,  the  trouba- 
dours made  their  appearance  in  Provence. 
They  were  the  founders  of  modem  versi- 
fication ;  frequently  singing  their  own 
songs  to  the  melody  of  their  own  harps  ; 
and  when  they  were  not  able  to  do  the 
latter,  min!<trels  accompanied  them,  who 
recited  the  lays  the  tioubadour  composed. 
Though  in  every  country  wherever  there  is 
a  language,  there  is  poetry,  and  wherever 
there  is  poetry,  there  is  music  ;  and  in  our 
own  in  particular,  singing  to  the  harp  ap- 
pears to  have  been  Cdrly  and  successfully 
cultivated,  yet  the  melodies  were  purely 
traditional :  and  the  most  ancient  melo- 
dies extant,  that  have  been  set  to  a  modern 
lauguai^e,  arc  those  which  are  preserved 
in  the  Vatican  Library,  to  the  songs  of  the 
troubadours,  written  in  the  ancient  dialect 
of  Provenci>.  In  the  li^th,  iJth,  and  part 
of  the  14th  centuries,  the  minstrels,  bards, 
or  jongleurs,  the  descendants  of  the  trou- 
badours,  occupied  a  conspicuous  station  in 
society.  In  our  own  country  there  were 
king's   minstrels  and   queen's  minstrels, 


1858.] 


MiscelianeouB  Reinews. 


71 


who  enjoyed  a  high  degree  of  favour  and 
protection. 

Yet,  in  some  of  the  satires  of  the  times, 
we  fiod  them  abased  under  the  names  of 
ehantierj/abUeiryjangleeirSf  and  menestre: 
whilst  their  art  is  caWr^  jaiigUrief  and  they 
are  said  to  heAnti-  Chritt^  perverting  the  age 
by  their  merry  jangles.  Piers  Ploughman, 
an  ancient  satirist  also  accuses  the  min- 
strels of  debauching  the  miads  of  the 
people,  and  of  being  tutors  of  idleness  and 
the  devirs  discourse  ;  and  that  they  did 
imbibe  some  of  the  general  licentiousness 
which,  at  the  era  of  the  Conquest,  and  for 
tome  time  before,  and  sOme  time  after, 
overspread  all  England,  is  not  unlikely. 
But  for  several  reigns  they  were  favoured 
by  the  noble  and  the  fair,  and  protected 
by  royal  authority.  In  their  baronial 
mansions,  on  all  occasions  of  high  and 
solemn  feasts,  the  observances  of  chivalry 
and  the  charms  of  music  were  united. 

In  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  we  find  one 
Henry  de  Auraoches,  a  Frenchman,  dig- 
nified with  the  title  of  Master  Henry,  the 
versifier  ;  which  appellation,  Mr.  Warton 
observes,  perhaps  implies  a  character  dif- 
ferent from  the  royal  minstrel,  or  jocu- 
lator.  In  1249,  and  in  1251,  we  find  or- 
ders on  the  treasurer  to  pay  this  Master 
Henry  one  hundred  shillings,  probably  a 
year's  stipend  ;  and  in  the  same  reign, 
forty  shillings  and  a  pipe  of  wine  were 
given  to  Richard,  the  king's  harper,  and  a 
pipe  of  wine  to  Beatrice  his  wife.  In 
time,  a  gross  degeneracy  appears  to  have 
cbaracterised  the  once- famed  order  of  min- 
strels; the  sounder  part  of  society  pur- 
■ued  them  with  prohibitions  and  invec- 
tives, till  they  were  at  last  driven  from  the 
more  respectable  walks  of  life  to  the  lower 
orders.  Their  irregularities  became  the 
more  rude  and  offensive,  till  their  order 
expired  amid  the  general  contempt  of  an 
improving  nation. — 7\imer'«  Hittory  qf 
Muffland,  vol,  i.  p.  432. 

The  history  of  the  troubadours  and  the 
Provencal  poets  has  formed  the  subjects 
of  many  valuable  publications  of  late 
years.  In  Fflmce,  M.  Raynouard  has 
published  not  only  a  selection  of  their  best 
writings  under  the  title  of  Choix  dee  Poe- 
ties  dea  Troubadoure,  but  also  a  Glossary 
of  the  language  in  which  they  are  written. 
M.  Fauriel  has  also  published  in  three 
voIi.8vo.,Hur/ofr«  de  la  Potie  Proven  pale. 
While  in  Grermany,  an  accomplished  M. 
Dier  has  given  to  the  world  both  an  Essay 
on  their  Poetry,  and  a  volume  on  the  lives 
an4  writings  of  the  most  distinguished 
troubftdours.  Of  the  German  trouba- 
dourt,  or  Minnesingers,  the  late  Mr.  Edgar 
Taylor  publbhed  an  interesting  account  in 
hit  JUiyt  ^  the  Minneringere ;  and  in 
I999f  rrofawor  von  der  Hagen  of  Berlin 


published  a  collection  of  their  writings 
under  the  title  of  Deutsche  Liederdichter 
dee  12,  13,  and  14  Jahrhunderte,  p.  44. 

The  Odes  qf  Horace^  translated  into 
Unrhymed  Metres.  By  F.  W.  Newman. 
Svo. — It  is  an  old  observation  that  Horace 
is  among  the  most  untranslateable  of  poets. 
Of  his  Satires  and  Epistles,  argumentative 
and  familiar,  full  of  sound  common  sense, 
and  teeming  with  real  life  and  observations 
of  society,  some  idea  can  be  given  by 
modern  imitations.  But  the  charm  of  his 
lyrical  poetry  is  essentially  dependent  on 
the  **  studied  felicity  "  of  language,  and 
that  graceful  perfection  of  expression, 
which  vanishes  like  the  fresh  bloom  of  a 
flower  in  the  attempt  to  remove  it  from 
the  soil  in  which  it  has  been  reared. 

Where  the  matter  is  so  slight  and  the 
form  so  important,  where  there  is  so  per- 
fect a  symmetry  and  so  little  solidity  of 
thought  or  depth  of  feeling,  the  materials 
may  be  reconstructed  in  a  new  language, 
but  the  charm  of  the  original  is  lost.  In 
many  respects  this  unfitness  for  translation 
is  common  to  the  works  of  all  the  Latin 
poets,  llie  Romans  of  the  later  and  more 
polished  period  seem  to  have  never  known 
poetry  except  as  a  learned  art.  The 
Muses,  whose  inspiration  they  affected  to 
court,  were  deities  who  had  no  native 
worship  upon  Roman  ground.  Even 
Ennius,  summus  noster  poeta,  whom 
Cicero  and  his  contemporaries  honoured 
as  we  honour  Chaucer,  gained  his  supre- 
macy by  the  introduction  of  Greek  forms 
of  verse.  Terence  was  a  dimidiatus  Me- 
nander  i  Virgil  boasted  that  he  was  the 
first  imitator  of  Theocritus  ;  and  Horace 
claimed  as  his  highest  honour, 

Princeps  CEolium  carmen  ad  Italos 
Deduzisse  modos, 

although  Catullus  had  been  before  him  in 
the  same  field.  The  chaplets  of  song  were 
awarded  only  to  learned  brows,  and  the 
vocation  of  the  poet  removed  him  from 
the  profane  crowd. 

Me  doctarum  haedene  proemia  frontium 
Dis  miscent  superis. 

Hence  this  portion  of  Roman  literature 
suffered  under  that  emasculating  influence 
which  affects  every  species  of  art  that 
stands  aloof  from  the  sympathies  and 
imaginations  of  the  mass  of  mankind. 
Graceful  and  refined,  it  lacks  the  energy, 
the  passion,  the  originality,  and  the  sim- 
plicity which  distinguish  national  and 
popular  poetry.  A  great  deal  of  the  force 
and  beauty  of  our  greatest  lyric  poet, 
Bums,  is  due  to  his  complete  exemptioti 
from  the  influence  of  all  mere  artificial 
refinement.  His  songs,  whether  playful 
or  pathetic,  are  based  upon  motives  which 


72 


Mitcellaneous  Reviews'. 


[July. 


can  never  become  obsolete,  and  appeal  to 
sympathies  as  wide-spread  as  the  human 
race. 

Horace,  whom  Quintilian  estimates  as 
the  only  Roman  lyric  poet  worth  reading, 
is  peculiarly  wanting  in  that  hearty  earnest- 
ness, whether  in  jest  or  in  pathos,  which 
belongs  to  a  singer  of  the  people.  The 
beauty  of  many  of  his  odesmust  have  been 
inappreciable  by  his  less  learned  country- 
men. Not  a  few  ofthem  are  direct  imitae 
tions  of  Greek  originals  now  unknown. 
What  hope  of  conveying  to  an  English 
reader  a  charm  which  is  founded  upon  a 
felicity  of  expression  confessedly  inimi- 
table, upon  the  evanescent  associations  of 
an  older  literature,  which  is  lost  even  to 
the  learned,  and  a  metrical  perfection  of 
which  our  language  is  incapable } 

Most  of  the  translators  of  Horace  have 
endeavoured  to  reconstruct  his  poetry  in 
a  modern  form.  Horace,  however,  in  his 
English  dress  is,  if  possible,  more  unlike 
the  Roman  poet  than  Pope's  Homer  is  to 
the  old  rhap^odist.  A  pretty  imitation  is 
possible  here  and  there,  but  the  greater 
part  of  Horace's  odes  are  incapable  of 
forming  the  basis  of  a  modern  poem.  The 
only  Ode  in  English  which  can  give  un- 
mixed pleasure  to  the  scholar  is  that  which 
Milton  translated — 

What  slender  youth  bedewed  with  liquid 
odours 

Courts  thee  on  roses  in  some  pleasant  cave, 
Pyrrha  ?  for  whom  bind'st  thou 
In  wreaths  thy  golden  hair? 

With  that  exquisite  sense  of  the  beau- 
tiful in  anjcient  art  and  poetry  vnth  which 
Milton  wai  gifted,  he  felt  that  to  change 
the  form  was  in  this  case  to  destroy  the 
thought,  and  that  those  who  would  read 
Horace  in  their  own  tongue  must  still  be 
content  to  read  not  an  English  but  a  Latin 
author. 

In  the  translation  of  the  Odes  of  Horace 
which  Mr.  Newman  has  given  us,  this 
necessity  is  recognised ;  and  the  author 
professes  to  write,  not  for  those  who  seek 
for  amusement,  but  for  thoughtful  and 
serious  though  unlearned  readers.  His 
work  is  executed  in  unrhymed  metres, 
upon  a  plan  which  he  thus  explains :  "  I 
have  adopted  the  principle  that  each  Latin 
metre  should  have  one  and  one  only 
EngliHh  representative.  The  English 
stanza,  for  instance,  which  replaces  the 
Horatian  Sapphic  in  one  ode,  replaces  it  in 
all,  and  is  never  used  for  any  other  metre 
than  the  Sapphic.  The  ability  to  fulfil 
this  condition  seemed  to  me  an  important 
test  of  my  stanza  being  really  suitable. 
Moreover,  if  several  English  substitutes 
were  allowed,  the  translator  would  be 
tempted  to  use  his  freedom  beyond  what 
9 


was  necessary,  and  the  effect  to  the  reader 
would  be  impaired,  ueariy  as  though  a 
translator  of  Homer  were  to  render  dif- 
ferent books  into  a  different  metre.  Alto- 
gether, I  am  convinced,  that  to  work  nader 
the  pressure  of  immoveable  condition!,  if 
they  be  not  unreasonable  ones,  prodnece 
in  the  long  run  the  chastest  resalL" 

Before  considering  how  far  Mr.  New- 
man has  succeeded  in  his  translations,  «e 
may  mention,  in  order  to  complete  the 
description  of  his  work,  that  he  has  ar- 
ranged the  odes  in  a  chronological  order, 
at  any  rate  not  improbable,  and  illustrated 
his  translations  with  concise  and  able  notes 
both  on  the  history  and  the  poetry.  The 
latter  are  intended  to  be  sufiBcient,  and  we 
think  are  sufficient,  to  give  an  intelligent 
reader,  with  no  previous  knowledge  of 
ancient  languages  or  literature,  such  an 
insight  into  Horatian  persons  and  circum- 
stances as  will  enable  him  withont  other 
assistance  to  understand  hb  author. 

In  order  to  find  a  representative  for 
every  variety  of  metre  used  by  Horace, 
the  translator  is  compelled  by  his  system 
to  invent  many  forms  of  stanza  altogether 
new  in  English  poetry.  This  is  a  bold 
measure,  inasmuch  as  it  demands  from  the 
reader  a  more  patient  perusal,  and  a  longer 
dwelling  upon  each  ode,  in  order  to  school 
the  ear  to  its  unaccustomed  rhythm,  than 
most  readers  will,  we  fear,  be  willing  to 
afford.  Metres  formed  immediately  upon 
those  used  in  the  Latin,  by  substituting 
an  accented  for  a  long  and  an  unaccented 
for  a  short  syllable,  after  the  fashion  which 
has  been  so  much  pursued  in  German 
translationii,  are  rejected  by  Mr.  Newman 
as  founded  on  a  false  or  incomplete  ana- 
logy. "  They  are  generally  found,  he 
thinks,  to  bear  a  different  character  from 
those  which  they  imitate,  to  be  light,  per- 
haps, tripping  or  humorous,  where  the 
original  is  grave  and  stately."  It  might 
be  added  that  most  of  the  Horatian  metres 
are  so  difficult  to  be  caught  by  a  modem 
ear,  that  an  English  imitation  of  them 
would  be  probably  misunderstood.  This 
is  shewn  by  the  mode  in  which  the  Sapphic 
metre  is  ordinarily  read,  and  by  the  at- 
tempts which  have  been  made  to  introduce 
it  into  English.  The  Anti -jacobin  imita- 
tion for  example, 

Weary  knife-grinder,  whiaicr  art  Uiou  going? 

differs  altogether,  both  in  character  and  in 
actual  measurement  by  accentual  long  and 
short  syllables,  from  the  ancient  Sapphic. 
The  metre  chosen  by  Mr.  Newman  to  re- 
present the  Sapphic  appears  to  be  founded 
on  a  portion  of  the  stanza  employed  by 
Bnms  indiflbrently  as  a  Tehicle  of  sar- 
casm, pathos,  and  gaiety,  in  Holy  Willie's 
Prayer,  in  the  Verses  on  Captain  Grose, 


1853.3 


Miscellaneous  Reviews* 


78 


and  in  the  Mountain  Daisy.    The  eighth 
ode  of  the  second  book  is  thus  rendered  : 

If  ever  peijured  law,  Barine, 
Had  claim'd  of  thee  some  petty  forfeit ; 
If  but  one  tooth  or  nail,  made  blacker, 
Impaired  thy  beauty ; 

fielieve  I  might.     But  thou,  when  laden 
With  broken  vows,  still  fairer  shinest ; 
And  straight  of  all  the  youth  attracte^t 
The  gaze  admiring  ? 

To  cheat  a  moUier's  hidden  ashes, 
And  stars  in  nightly  sileuce  dust' ring, 
And  gods  from  frosty  death  exempted, 
Is  wisely  purposed ! 

A  jest  it  is,  a  jest  to  Venus, 
To  simple  Nymphs  and  savage  Cupid, 
Who  alway  burning  arrows  sharpens 
On  gory  whetstone. 

Add,  that  new  swarms  around  thee  gather, 
New  slaves  flock  in  ;  nor  old  admirers 
Their  impious  mistress'  roof  abandon, 
Oft  though  they  threaten. 

Thee  for  their  calf-like  sons  the  matrons, — 
Thee  stingy  sires, — and  brides  unhappy. 
Behold  with  terror  ;  lest  thy  breezes 
Play  round  their  husbands. 

The  Alcaic  is  also  represented  by  a  new 


metre.  We  select  the  following  example 
more  for  its  shortness  than  for  any  other 
reason.  Vixi  puellis  nuper  idoneus  (Od. 
ui.  26). 

Late  I  lived  for  damsels  fit ; 
Not  inglorious  then  I  warr'd. 
My  arms  and  harp,  discharged  from  service, 
Now  upon  this  wall  I  offer. 

Which,  of  sea-born  Venus'  fane 
Guards  the  left  approach.     O  here 
Place  the  bright  torches,  bars  and  augers. 
Terrors  to  the  trembling  pannel. 

Goddess  ruling  Cyprus  blest. 
Queen  of  Memphis  free  from  snows 
Of  chilly  Thrace ;  with  scourge  high- lifted 
Touch  but  once  disdainful  Chloe  I 

Of  all  the  new  stanzas  employed  by  ou  r 
author,  the  most  original,  and  we  are  in- 
clined to  think  the  most  successful,  is  that 
substituted  for  one  of  the  most  plaintive 
and  beautiful  of  Horace^s  metres, 

Extremam  Tanaim  si  biberes,  Lyce, 
Ssevo  nupta  viro  :  me  tamen  asperas 
Porrectum  ante  fores  objicere  incolis 

Plorares  Aquilonibus.   (Od.iii.  10.) 

This  ode  is  thus  commenced  : 


Lyce,  didst  thou  drink  of  farthest  Tanais, 
Wed  to  some  barbarian,  still  *twould  grieve  thee 
Me  to  toss  exposed  before  thy  threshold, 
Cruel  prey  to  the  native  gales. 

Hear'st  the  wind  against  the  door-post  rattling, 

Hear'st  the  grove  mid  noble  buildings  planted, 

Bellowing  loud  ?  while  Jove  with  glazy  virtue 

Tombs  the  snow  in  an  icy  film  ? 


We  have  not  the  space  to  give  any  f ra- 
ther illustration  of  Mr.  Newman's  selection 
of  metres.  He  has  shewn  great  ingenuity 
and  taste  in  the  choice  or  invention  of 
them  ;  and  we  do  not  attribute  it  to  any 
ftdlare  in  this  part  of  his  work  if  the  re- 
sult of  his  labours  is  not  altogether  satis- 
factory. 

To  produce  a  readable  English  Horace 
is  confessedly  a  task  bordering  on  the  im- 
possible. AU  English  lyrical  poetry  is  in 
rhyme,  and  our  most  beautiful  songs  de- 
pend on  rhyme  for  much  of  their  charm. 
Mr.  Newman  has  discarded  rhyme,  be- 
cause he  is  convinced  with  reason  that  its 
employment  involves  of  necessity  '*  both 
a  sacrifice  of  much  of  the  poet  himself  and 
a  moat  ondesirable  intrusion  of  that  which 
is  not  the  poet."  The  use  of  rhyme,  more- 
over, tends  directly  to  throw  a  modem  air 
over  a  translation.  We  do  not  desire  to 
give  life  and  freshness  to  the  statue  of  an 
ancient  by  clothing  it  in  a  modem  cos- 
tume. The  plan  adopted  in  this  transla- 
tion it,  we  are  persuaded,  the  right  onei 

G«NT.  Mao.  Vol.  XL. 


but  its  execution  is  not  equal  td  the  con- 
ception. The  same  exquisite  sense  of 
beauty  and  propriety  in  the  choice  of  ex- 
pression is  requisite  for  the  translator  as 
for  the  poet,  and  Mr.  Newman*s  poetic 
vocabulary  seems  to  us  to  be  almost  uni- 
formly too  common  and  familiar.  For 
example. 

Pastor  cum  traheret  per  freta  navibua 
Idseis  Helenam  perfidus  hospitam. 

(Od,  i.  15,) 

is  translated, 

When  the  traitor  swain  with  ships  of  Ida 
Scurried  o'er  the  wave  his  hostess  Helen. 

Dives  Mercator,  in  Od.  i.  31,  is  **  the 
wealthy  skipper f**  and  cadus  is  more  than 
once  rendered  by  "  barrel."  The  use  of 
common-life  words,  even  although  they 
may  correspond  accurately  with  the  ori- 
ginal, has  a  tendency  to  modernise  an 
ancient  author.  The  involved  constmctions 
and  unusual  employment  of  words  which 
we  find  in  Milton's  translation  of  the  fifth 
ode,  serve  as  well  as  his  unrhymed  and 

L 


74 


Miicellaneous  Revinoi. 


[Wy. 


notel  oDftrf  to  remind  us  that  we  are  read- 
ing a  L-itin  and  not  an  English  poet,  and 
in  so  doing  answer  an  undr rstood  purpose. 
But.  hotKever  Mr.  Newman's  work  may 
fall  short  of  perfection,  many  EnglishmvQ 
will  be  enabli'd  by  it  to  gain  Hn  idea  of  the 
Komaii  lyrist  whii*h  no  previout  transla- 
tion couhi  possibly  have  f;iven.  We  offer 
our  thunks  to  tlic  author  for  an  experi- 
ment, whicii,  if  it  be  not  altogether  suc- 
cessful, is  founded  on  a  right  principle, 
and  is  guided  in  a  right  direction. 


The  Pofiiict  and  Reonomict  of  Arit' 
Uile.  Trautlated^  with  Soles  and  Ana- 
lykes,  liy  E.  Walford,  M.A,  Post  8ro. 
pp.  Ixxi.,  338.  {Hokn's  Classical  Li- 
brary.)— This  is  a  volume  of  the  Composite 
order.  The  translation  of  the  Polities  is 
Iwsed  on  that  of  KUis,  which  though  not 
eleguat  was  pronounced  by  the  Monthly 
Review  to  be  faithful  and  |ierspicuous.  In 
the  revision,  the  translation  by  Taylor,  and 
*'  the  poliirhed  paraphrase  of  Gillies,"  have 
been  consulted.  Dr,  Gillies  would,  in- 
deed, have  been  gratified  at  finding  the 
judgment  of  the  Critical  Review,  that  '*  he 
might  in  various  parts  have  polished  the 
style  to  a  higher  degree  of  elegance," 
reversed  ;  and  still  more  astonished  at 
being  joined  with  his  old  antagonist,  Pla- 
tonist  Taylor,  his  contempt  for  whom  he 
did  not  disMeiiible.  The  text  of  Bekkcr 
(Berlin,  IB.H,;  has  been  chiefly  followed. 
Gillies*  Life  of  Aristotle  and  General  In- 
troduction  arc  retained.  On  the  traosla< 
tion  of  the  Kcononiics  the  preface  says 
nothing,  but  we  learn  incidentally  that  the 
second  book,  and  the  latter  part  of  the 
flrst,  are  furnished  by  the  editor.  He  fairly 
warns  his  readers  of  the  suspiciousness  of 
the  second  book,  which  Goettling  (we 
may  add)  has  printed  as  a  separate  treatise, 
"incerti  cujnsdam  auctoris."  (Ed.  Jena, 
1830.)  In  this  he  follows  Niebuhr,  who 
considers  it  a  later  work,  written  under 
Alexander's  successors,  for  the  use  of 
functitmaries  in  Asia  Minor  in  raising 
money  by  tricks  and  extortions,  with  which 
opinion  Dr.  Arnold  agrees.  (See  Hist,  of 
Rome,  i.  455.) 

The  readi:r  must  adjust  the  balance  for 
himself  between  the  euIo;;ies  of  Dr.  Ar- 
nold, prefixed  to  this  volume,  and  the  re- 
jection of  Aristotle  as  a  guide,  by  Bacon, 
as  related  in  Lord  Campbell's  Life  of  our 
great  philosopher.  But  in  addition  to 
those  praises  of  Arnold,  which  relate  to 
the  Politieal  Treitise,  we  may  quote  the 
words  of  Lieber.— «•  The  gigantic  mind  of 
Aristotle  ha  1  a  glimmering  of  the  truth 
far  in  advonre  of  his  times."  (Political 
Ethirs,  c.  xiii.  p.  389,  note.)  And  those 
of  Maccuiloch,  who  in  hia  Literature  of 


PdKtical  EcoDomy  eallt  it  "  the 
▼alaable  work  on  that  branch  of  phOos^j 
phy  that  has  descended  from  antiqniiy."* 
(p.  356.)  Ai  it  contains  many  historiasl 
allusions,  the  reader  shonid  be  warned 
that  the  degree  of  deference  dne  to  them 
is  disputed.  Niebuhr,  indeed,  says  that 
**  whatever  is  related  on  the  authoritf  of 
Aristotle  must  be  believed,  jnst  ss  when 
Tbucydides  relates  a  thing  as  historieal, 
provided  it  can  be  explain^  in  any  way." 
(Lect.  on  Anc  Hist.  i.  360.)  TUi  Is 
saying  a  great  deal  for  any  writer,  iidl 
Mr.  Kei:;btley  (no  ioeompefent  Jndgt) 
owns  that  a  suspicion  that  *'  on  points  of 
history  Aristotle  is  not  always  the  very 
best  authority,**  has  more  than  once  crossed 
his  mind.  (Hist,  of  Greece,  6A  ed.  p* 
9BS.)  The  note  from  Mailer's  Dorians, 
at  p.  64,  contradicting  his  censure  of  tho 
Spartan  women,  must  be  thrown  into  tbo 
less  favourable  scale.  This  treatise  alio 
lies  under  the  disadvantage  of  being  in- 
complete. Mr.  Blakesley,  in  his  erudite 
Life  of  Aristotle,  classes  it  among  the 
note-books,  which  the  snthor  kept  tut 
future  publication,  but  never  finished; 
whence  arise  its  imperfections,  contradic- 
tions, and  obscurities,  (pp.  140,  160.)  On 
this  account  the  student  will  find  Duvara 
Analytical  Synopsis,  or  Heinsios*  Para- 
phrase, a  desirable  accompaniment 

The  editor  has  not  duitioguished  his 
own  notes  from  those  of  his  predecessors, 
BO  that  we  can  only  positively  ascribe  to 
himself  those  which  refer  to  recent  writers; 
for  in  stance.  Thirl  wall,  who  is  often  quoted. 
Having  occasion  at  p.  77  to  repeat  the 
passage  on  Delphic  swords,  in  a  note  (see 
p.  5),  he  not  only  makes  a  wrong  refer- 
ence, but  quotes  a  different  traiSlatiotty 
thus  ignoring  his  own.  Names  are  irre- 
gularly and  even  variously  spelled,  and 
the  index  is  defective.f  On  the  whole, 
however,  this  volume  is  not  deficient  in 
the  requisites  of  translations,  and  for 
students  who  are  preparing  for  examina- 
tion (and  who  care  little  whether  author- 
ship be  individual  or  composite)  it  will 
perform  the  usual  good  services.  Bat 
English  readers  (an  increasing  class)  will 
find  the  diffuser  paraphrase  of  Gillies  more 
convenient,  though  some  of  his  remark! 
have  been  confuted  by  time.  For  those 
who  wish  for  a  translation,  without  the 
dishonours  of  a  crib,  the  French  version 
of  Thurot  (Didot,  Paris,  1824)  will  answer 


•  He  difiers  entirely,  however,  from 
Aristotle  on  the  interest  of  loans  (p.  24S.) 

t  At  p.  804.  the  distinguished  Hellenist 
Coray  is  called  CoraPs,  as  would  be  the 
case  in  Greek  or  Latin.  The  author  of 
the  Politics  might  as  well  be  ealied  Aril- 
toteles  in  the  title-page^ 


185S.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


75 


tibe  parpoie,  though  its  scanty  index  is 
rather  prejudicial  to  its  utility. 

WUiikin  Talet,  iiiuttrative  of  the 
Dialect  mnd  Manner 9  of  the  Ruatic  Popw 
hiiom  of  that  County,  By  John  Yonge 
Akenomn.  '  12mo.  —  These  tales,  which 
have  already  appeared  in  a  fugitive  form, 
are  written  by  one  who  has  been  conver- 
suit  from  his  boyhood  with  the  rural  popu- 
lation of  Wiltshire,  and  has,  we  believe, 
from  that  period  made  its  language  his 
ttady .  A  Wiltshire  Glossary  was  published 
bj  Mr.  Akerman  a  few  years  ago  ;  in  these 
tales  he  not  only  exemplifies  the  use  of 
the  ancient  dialect  still  there  prevalent* 
but  he  has  interwoven  its  dialogue  with 
equally  characteristic  traits  of  the  manners, 
the  sentiments,  and  superstitions  of  the 
peasantry.  His  pages  will  often  raise  a 
smile,  and  not  less  frequently  in  the  re* 
flective  mind  a  sigh  ;  for  Mr.  Akerman 
does  not  conceal  the  innate  vices  of  his 
compatriots;  but  he  will  have  performed 
a  useful  part  if  he  directs  the  schoolmaster 
to  their  eradication. 


Blectorai  Facte,  from  1832  to  1853. 
By  Charles  R.  Dod,  Etq,  12mo.— We 
described  the  nature  of  this  very  useful 
manual  in  our  Magazine  for  June,  1852. 
The  book  has  received  in  this  second  edi- 
tion a  thorough  revision  throughout,  where- 
by it  is  brought  up  to  the  recognition  of 
the  latest  changes,  including  the  results  of 
the  Election  Petitions  as  well  as  the  polls 
of  the  last  Election.  It  may  now  be  re- 
garded as  a  complete  political  Gazetteer. 

The  Day$  of  Battle;  or^  Quatre  Brat 
mul  Waterloo,  By  an  Bnglighwoman 
reeident  in  Bnueela  in  June,  1815;  au» 
tkor  of  Rome  in  the  Nineteenth  Century, 
—This  is,  as  far  as  the  narrative  goes,  we 
Aittfc^  by  much  the  most  spirited,  life-like 
Bteord  of  the  memorable  days  it  chronicles 
which  we  possess.  Of  course  we  mean  as 
to  the  impression  produced  on  the  resi- 
diDts  at  firotfels,  Antwerp,  &c.  by  the 
Battle  and  itib  consequences.  In  no  other 
esa temporary  account  do  we  remember  to 
oten  such  a  picture  of  the  hurry,  the 
the  anguish,  the  despair,  and  the 
orerwhclmiog  return  to  hope  and 
estaiDty  of  conquest,  which  may  be  found 
hi  these  most  graphic  pages.  -  In  no  other 
rMord  oC  mmy  battle  do  we  remember  to 
been  so  impressed  by  the  awfully 
tranution  from  feasting  and  splen- 
•od  the  pride  of  warlike  beauty  to 
to  havoCf  blood,  and  dust,  and 


?eir,  frsr  Aiil  part  wtere  many  meet 

of  time  the  heart 


sickens  a<id  turns  faint  at  the  thought  of 
the  sufferings  of  the  wounded  after  Water- 
loo. For  four  days  and  nights  some  of 
these  unhappy  men  were  exposed  to  the 
tortures  of  a  fierce  sun  by  day  ami  heavy 
dews  at  night.  Many  lay  under  heaps  of 
slain.  Many  were  tortured  with  thirst 
nearly  all  that  time  ;  and  y^t  there  was  no 
want  of  benevolent  desire  to  mitigate  their 
pains.  The  peasantry  made  long  journeys 
to  bring  them  drink,  and  every  effort  waft 
made  to  remove  them  as  speedily  as  pos- 
sible. 

In  the  midst  of  all  these,  which  are  but 
a  small  portion  of  the  horrors  recorded,  it 
is  impossible  not  to  smile  at  the  first  an* 
nouncement  of  the  victory  by  five  High- 
landers to  the  inhabitants  of  Antwerp. 
One  of  the  old  Flemish  women,  more 
eager  than  the  rest,  says  our  Author, 
"  seized  a  Highlander  by  his  coat,  pulling 
at  it,  and  making  the  most  ludicrous  gest- 
ures imaginable,  to  induce  him  to  attend 
to  her,  while  he,  quite  forgetting,  in  hii 
transport,  that  the  old  woman  did  not  un- 
derstand Scotch,  kept  vociferating  that 
'  Boney  was  beat,  and  rinning  awa'  till  his 
ain  country  as  fast  as  he  could  gang.' 
Again,  *  Hout,  ye  aold  gowk,  dinna  ye  ken 
that  Boney's  beat?  What,  ar  ye  dcef? 
Daresay  the  wife— 1 1  say  Honey's  beat, 
woman.' "  Another  curious  scene  pre- 
sented itself.  "  At  the  door  of  our  hotel 
an  English  lady,  who  had  apparently  at- 
tained the  full  meridian  of  life,  with  a 
night-cap  on  the  top  of  her  head,  disco- 
vering her  hair  in  papillotes  beneath,  at- 
tired in  a  long  white  flannel  dresfing- 
gown  with  the  sleeves  tucked  up  above 
the  elbows,  was  flying  about  in  a  dis- 
tracted manner,  loudly  proclaiming  the 
glorious  tidings,  continually  repeating  the 
same  thing,  and  rejoicing,  lamenting,  won- 
dering, pitying,  and  exclaiming,  all  in  tbd 
same  breath.  In  vain  did  her  maid  pur- 
sue her  with  a  great  shawl,  which  occa- 
sionally she  succeeded  in  putting  upon  her 
shoulders,  but  which  invariably  fell  off 
again  the  next  moment.  In  vain  did  an- 
other lady,  whose  dress  and  mind  were 
rather  more  composed,  endeavour  to  en- 
tice her  away.  She  could  not  be  brought 
to  pay  the  smallest  attention,  and  I  left 
her  still  talking  as  fast  as  ever,  and  stand- 
ing in  this  curious  dishabille  among  gen- 
tlemen and  footmen,  and  officers  and  sol- 
diers, and  valets-de-place,  and  in  full  view 
of  the  multitudes  who  thronged  the  great 
Place  de  Mai  re." 

But  perhaps  the  most  extraordinary 
part  is  the  overpowering  impulse  of  curi- 
osity which  led  many  delicate  women, 
even,  to  visit  the  awful  and  dreadful  field 
of  death  within  a  very  few  days  of  the 
Battle,  not  instigated  by  personal  anxiety, 


7C> 


Antiquarian  t^enearchett. 


[July, 


not  eveu,  we  fear,  by  gtuieral  feelings  of 
humanity.  What  it  was  to  go  there,  the 
Lady  heriself  most  tell:  to  read  of  it  is 
enough,  and  too  much. 


The  City  of  Rome,  itt  Bdifieet  and  iit 
People.  \9mo,  pp,  viii.  252. — Juvenal's 
notable  question,  Q^id  Roma  faciam  ? 
abstractedly  considered,  is  of  some  im- 
portance to  those  persons  who  cannot 
spare  the  time  or  afford  the  expense  of  the 
journey.  To  such  persons  this  Tolume  is 
a  kind  of  substitute ;  but  whether  it  will 
console  them  for  the  loss,  by  the  informa- 
tion it  contains,  or  aggravate  the  disap- 
pointment, must  be  left  for  individual 
cases  to  decide. 


A  Manual  /or  Godfathert  and  God- 
mothers, By  6.  Hill,  Ai.A.  Fcp,  8po. 
pp.  110. — This  volume  is  as  comprehen- 
sive as  its  size  admits  of,  on  the  antiquity, 
design,  and  duty  of  the  office  of  sponsor. 
At  p.  73,  the  words  of  response  "  I  will " 
are  well  explained  to  mean  wiliingneia, 
rather  than  self-sufficiency.  In  some  other 
cases  the  explanations  appear  more  forced, 
and  consequently  less  acceptable. 

Pahnoni,  an  Bstay  on  the  Chronological 


and  Numerical  SyetemM  among  tha  Amt 
cient  Jews.  Svo.  pp.  JtiL  681 . — The  title 
of  this  volume,  which  is  taken  firom  the 
margin  of  Daniel  viii.  13,  meana  "tbe 
numberer  of  secrets."  We  cannot  enter 
into  its  arguments,  neither  do  we  dtsHneClT 
comprehend  its  design.  It  contains  mnen 
erudition,  and  much  speculation  of  a 
hazardous  kind.  One  of  its  hjrpothcies  m« 
that  the  books  which  bear  the  name  of 
Josephus  were  not  written  by  him,  bat  by 
a  Christian,  who  thought  he  would  aenre 
the  cause  of  Christianity,  **  by  asfaming 
the  name  of  a  celebrated  Jewish  com- 
mander.''  (p.  572.)  We  wish  there  were 
no  such  instances  of  early  forgeries  to  ac- 
credit this  conjecture,  but  nnfortnnatetj 
there  are  too  many. 

Ten  Sermons  of  Religion,  By  T.  Par- 
ker. Post  Svo.  pp.  361.  —  The  anthor 
professes  to  believe  that  there  are  greet 
truths  iu  this  book,  and  admits  that  there 
must  also  be  errors.  As  it  issues  from  a 
school  with  which  we  do  not  sympathise, 
we  arc  in  a  position  better  suited  to  ttpj 
the  latter,  thsn  to  appreciate  the  former. 
Some  practical  hints  may  be  gathered  from 
it,  but  its  doctrinal  views  must  be  regarded 
with  caution  at  least. 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTiaUABIKS. 

June  2.     Lord  Viscount  Mahon,  Pres. 

Patrick  Macintyre.  esq.  F.R.G.S.  Se- 
cretary of  the  United  Kingdom  Life  As- 
surance Company,  and  Henr}-  H.  Breen, 
esq.  of  St.  Lucia,  and  author  of  a  work 
00  its  History  and  Statistics,  were  elected 
Fellows  of  the  Society. 

Dr.  Rootv  exhibited  an  iron  sword- 
blade,  with  a  portion  of  the  wooden  handle 
adhering  to  it,  found  in  the  bed  of  the 
Thames  at  Kingston,  near  the  spot  where 
so  many  Boman  weapons  have  been  pre- 
viously recovered. 

Mr.  Figg  exhibited  the  figure  of  a 
knight  on  horseback  in  pottery,  udapted 
as  a  drinking  vessel,  found  at  Lewes  in 
1846.  By  the  pryck  spur  on  the  heel  of 
the  knight,  the  figure  is  concluded  to  be  as 
old  as  the  reign  of  Henry  III. 

Lord  Londesborough  exhibited  a  spear- 
head found  in  a  grave  at  Treves. 

John  Burder,  esq.  F.  S.  A.  exhibited,  by  the 
hands  of  Mr.  J.  G.  Nichols,  a  brass  seal, 
found  last  year  within  the  timber  of  a  tree 
at  Crondale  common,  near  Faroham.  It  is 
one  of  the  seals  made  for  the  office  of 
Sheriff,  representing  the  castle  or  prison 
of  the   county,   with   the   shield  of  the 


Sheriff^s  arms  in  front.  From  the  accom- 
panying initials  j.  0.  and  the  aims,  which 
are  ten  pellets,  4,  3,  2,  1,  Mr.  Nichols 
was  disposed  to  assign  it  to  John  Gifford, 
who  was  Sheriff  of  the  conjoint  counties  of 
Bedford  and  Buckingham  in  1417,  one  of 
the  coats  of  Gifford  being  ten  torteauz. 

Mr.  Akerman,  as  Secretary,  in  a  letter 
to  the  President,  reported  the  result  of  a 
visit  to  the  church  of  the  Holy  Trinity  in 
the  Minories,  on  tJM  invitation  of  Mr. 
Hill  the  perpetual  curate  of  that  church, 
to  inspect  a  stone  coffin  which  had  just 
been  discovered  on  the  site  of  the  reli- 
gious house  of  the  Nuns  of  St  Clare,  or 
Nuns  Minoresses,  which  gave  the  name  to 
that  neighbourhood.  Instead  of  a  stone 
coffin  of  the  usual  mediaeval  character, 
Mr.  Akerman  found  a  sarcophagus  of  stone, 
ornamented  with  sculptures,  a  profile  of  a 
male  head  being  carved  in  a  medallion  in 
the  centre  of  one  side,  and  baskets  of  fruit 
represented  at  either  end.  The  sarcopha- 
gus contained  a  leaden  coffin,  in  which  lay 
the  remains  of  a  child  about  eight  years 
of  age.  The  leaden  coffin  was  ornamented 
with  escallop-shells,  and  a  kind  of  beaded 
ornament,  like  that  found  at  Colchester, 
and  others  disoorered  in  Eogland,  and 


1853.] 


Antiquarian  Researches- 


77 


noticed  by  Mr.  Roach  Smith  in  th  2  Journal 
of  the  Archsological  Association.  This 
coffin  was  engrared  in  Mr.  Akerman's 
Archseological  Index,  as  a  type  of  this  de« 
scription  of  Roman  or  Romano-British  in- 
terment Weever,  in  his  Funeral  Monu- 
ments, had  noticed  the  discovery  of  a 
coffin  at  Stepney,  similarly  ornamented. 
Mr.  Akerman  observed  that,  although 
these  ornaments  of  the  escallop -shell  were 
not  the  usually  recognised  symbols  of 
Christianity,  he  yet  thought  that  the 
basket  of  fruit  (or  loaves,  for  they  are 
thus  represented  in  the  caacombs  of 
Rome),  the  circumstance  of  the  sarcopha- 
gus being  carved  on  one  side  only,  as  if  to 
fit  it  to  a  wall,  and  the  occurreqce  of  the 
escallop-shell  on  several  specimens — the 
same  object  differently  disposed — would 
almost  favour  the  belief  that  the  interment 
was  of  the  early  Christian  period  ;  and 
that  the  escallop -shell,  whatever  might  be 
the  popular  origin  assigned  to  it,  is  in 
reality  a  primitive  Christian  symbol.  He 
did  not  venture  to  assert  that  such  was  the 
fact,  but  he  considered  the  subject  well 
worthy  of  investigation. 

J.  Payne  Collier,  esq.  V.P.  communicated 
some  further  remarks  on  the  career  of  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh,  embracing  an  account  of 
his  brief  governtnent  of  Jersey,  his  arrest 
and  imprisonment  at  Winchester,  his  hub- 
sequent  removal  to  the  Tower,  and,  finally, 
his  illegal  trial  and  execution.  The  notice 
was  illustrated  by  some  letters  of  Raleigh 
hitherto  unpublished. 

Jtme  9.  John  Bruce,  esq.  Treas.  in  the 
chair. 

A  letter  from  Robert  Lemon,  esq.  F.S.A. 
announced  the  further  donation  to  the  So- 
ciety's collection,  from  himself,  of  twenty- 
one  Proclamations  and  five  Broadsides, 
three  of  the  former,  of  the  reign  of  Charles 
the  First,  having  the  indorsement  of  Arch- 
bishop Laud ;  and  from  Arthur  Taylor, 
esq.  oif  twelve  or  fourteen  Broadsides. 

George  Scharf,  esq.  exhibited  several 
drawings  of  the  crypt  lately  removed  from 
Gerard's  Hall,  London,  which  he  has  made 
for  the  Society. 

Henry  Bowden,  esq.  exhibited  the  seal- 
ring  of  Sampson  Erdeswick,  the  Stafford- 
shire antiquary,  set  with  his  arms,  cut  in 
crystaL  Mr.  Bowden  is  a  descendant  of 
Erdeswick. 

Edmund  Waterton,  esq.  exhibited  a  gilt 

ring  bearing  the  monogram  Christos,  J> 

found  in  the  Catacombs  at  Rome,  and  now 
beloDglDg  to  J.  W.  Amherst,  esq. 

Capt  Sir  Everard  Home,  Bart,  com- 
mnnicated  a  description,  written  by  Charles 
Forbes,  M.D.  Assistant  Surgeon  of  H.M.S. 
Calliope,  of  a  Tisit  to  the  interior  of  Tonga- 


taboo,  one  of  the  South  Sea  islands,  in 
which  were  found  barrows,  reminding  him 
of  those  in  the  counties  of  Wilts  and  Dorset, 
and  a  monument  of  coral-rock,  bearing  a 
striking  resemblance  to  the  larger  gateway- 
looking  stones  at  Stonehenge,  with  this 
difference,  that  the  cross-piece  is  let  in 
upon  its  edge  into  the  side-posts.  It  is 
called  by  the  natives  Mani's  burden,  its 
erection  being  attributed  to  their  god  Mani. 

The  Rev.  John  Webb,  F.S.A.  of  Tretirc, 
exhibited  a  miniature  which  came  into  his 
possession  with  many  papers  relative  to 
the  Cromwell  family,  and  which  he  had 
some  reason  to  conjecture  to  be  the  portrait 
of  Henry  Cromwell,  the  Lord- Lieutenant 
of  Ireland. 

H.  Claude  Hamilton,  esq.  read  an  ac- 
count of  the  origin  of  the  Chapelle  de 
Bourgoyne  at  Antwerp,  translated  from 
the  account  of  that  structure  written  by 
Baron  Jolly.  In  this  chapel  the  marriage 
of  Philip  le  Bel  was  solemnized ;  and  it  is 
still  decorated  with  heraldic  paintings  which 
are  very  perfect  and  remarkable. 

June  16.    Sir  R.  H.  Inglis,  Bart.  V.P. 

Lewis  Powell,  M.D.  of  John-street,  Ber- 
keley-square, John  Loughborough  Pearson, 
esq.  of  Delahay-st.  architect,  and  the  Rev. 
Ralph  Lindsay  Loughborough,  Vicar  of 
Pirton,  Herts,  were  elected  Fellows  of  the 
Society. 

John  Britton,egq.  exhibited  to  the  Society 
two  MS.  volumes,  a  Diary  and  a  Common- 
place Book,  of  Dr.  William  Stukeley,  with 
several  of  the  Doctor's  drawings  ;  three 
autograph  letters  from  Bertram  to  Stuke- 
ley ;  and  a  portfolio  of  sketches  and 
drawings  by  Mr.  John  Carter,  formerly 
draughtsman  to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries. 

Octavius  Morgan,  esq.  exhibited  various 
objects  of  antiquity  in  silver,  brass,  and 
pottery;  Mr.  Forrest  exhibited  an  Egyptian 
signet-ring  of  gold,  containing  a  scarabsus 
inscribed  with  hieroglyphs ;  and  W.  W. 
E.  Wynn,  esq.  a  silver  chalice  belonging 
to  the  private  chapel  at  Reig,  in  Mon- 
mouthshire. 

Professor  Willis,  of  Cambridge,  read  a 
paper  on  the  Architectural  History  of  the 
Monastic  Buildings  attached  to  the  Ca- 
thedral of  Canterbury.  A  detailed  plan, 
from  an  original  survey  by  the  author, 
was  exhibited,  shewing  the  whole  of  the 
existing  remains  of  these  buildings,  and 
their  connection  with  the  houses  of  the 
dean,  canons,  and  other  residents  within 
the  close,  together  with  the  almonry  and 
the  site  of  the  archbishop's  palace.  This 
was  accompanied  by  a  large  fac- simile  of 
the  well-known  plan  of  the  monastery  made 
in  the  twelfth  century,  and  contained  in  a 
manuscript  at  Trinity  college,  Cambridge, 
attributed  to  the  monk  Eadwin.  This 
plan  was  published  in  the  Vetusta  Monu^ 


78 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[July, 


menu  long  since,  but  without  the  colours 
by  which  the  orif^nal  purpose  of  the  plan 
is  made  clear.  Wibert,  prior  of  Canter- 
bury, died  in  1167,  and  it  is  recorded  of 
him  that  he  contrived  and  made  the  con- 
duits of  water  in  all  the  offices  within  the 
court  of  the  priory,  bringing  it  from  a 
source  about  a  mile  from  the  city  under- 
ground by  pipes  of  lead.  In  the  ancient 
plan  in  question  the  course  of  the  water 
from  the  source  through  corn-fields,  vine- 
yards, &c.  to  the  city  wall,  and  thence  its 
distribution  to  the  various  buildings  of  the 
monastery,  is  minutely  shewn,  and  made 
clear  by  different  colours.  There  is  also 
in  the  same  manuscript  a  kind  of  skeleton 
plan  or  diagram  in  further  illustration  of 
the  same  hydraulic  system.  (This  plan,  of 
which  a  fac-simile  was  exhibited,  has  never 
been  published.)  It  is  clear  that  the 
drawings  in  question  were  made  not  so 
much  for  the  sake  of  exhibiting  the  distri- 
bution of  the  monastic  buildings,  which  in 
fact  resembled  those  of  other  monasteries, 
as  for  the  purpose  of  shewing  the  complete 
and  ingenious  mechanism  for  the  supply 
of  water.  The  same  source  has  been  em- 
ployed  in  this  manner  ever  since,  and  to 
this  day  the  whole  of  the  residences  in  the 
cathedral  close  are  abundantly  supplied 
from  it.  The  position  of  the  reservoirs 
and  the  directions  of  the  pip^s  are  now 
necessarily  different  from  those  indicated 
in  the  plan ;  but  the  springs  themselves 
are  on  a  higher  level  than  the  tower  of  the 
cathedral,  and  the  water  is  consequently 
delivered  into  a  cistern  at  such  an  eleva- 
tion above  the  ground  as  to  eoabkit  ta  be 
distributed  to  the  upper  stories  of  the 
bouses  as  it  was  in  the  twelfth  century. 
£adwin*s  plan  fortunately  has  the  names 
of  all  the  principal  offices  of  the  monastery 
written  upon  Uiem.  The  author  of  the 
papery  comparing  one  by  one  the  buildings 
in  EUid win's  plan  with  the  remains  of 
buildings  shewn  in  his  own  survey,  proved 
that,  in  every  instance  in  which  an  edifice 
was  marked  in  the  Norman  plan,  Norman 
remains  were  either  still  in  existence  in  a 
greater  or  less  degree  of  preservation,  or 
else  the  remains  of  a  building  in  a  subse- 
quent style,  the  substitution  of  which  for 
the  primary  one  could  be  shewn  from  the 
recorded  works  of  the  various  priors. 
The  general  coincidence  of  Eadwin's  plan 
with  the  actual  buildings  in  all  its  propor- 
tions, due  allowance  being  made  for  the 
method  of  delineation  employed,  was  shewn 
to  be  remarkably  close  and  accurate.  The 
documents  which  contain  the  written  his- 
tory of  the  buildings  from  the  Conquest 
to  the  dissolution,  and  foundation  of  the 
present  chapter,  were  then  indicated  and 
examined.  Some  of  these,  from  the 
TVeaaury  at  Canterbury,  iMve  escaped  pre- 
10 


vious  writers,  but  the  greater  part  hvre 
been  long  familiar  to  antiquaries  in  the 
pages  of  Somner,  Batteley,  Dart,  Wharton, 
&c.  although  disfigured  in  many  cases  by 
inaccuracies  which  have  been  now  corrected 
by  resorting  to  the  originals.  By  applying 
to  these  documents  and  to  their  compari- 
son with  the  existing  remains,  the  re- 
sources of  that  knowledge  of  the  architec- 
tural characteristics  of  the  medissTal  styles 
which  has  been  so  highly  cultivated  in  the 
present  century,  the  Professor  proceeded 
to  work  out  a  much  more  complete  ac- 
count of  the  distribution  of  this  celebrated 
and  important  monastery  than  has  hitherto 
appeared. 

The  drawings  exhibited  in  illustration  of 
Professor  Willis's  paper  were— 1.  Plan  of 
tlie  Cathedral  Close  at  Canterbury,  shewing 
the  whole  of  the  existing  remains  of  the 
monastic  buildings,  and  their  connection 
with  the  present  houses  of  the  dean,canons, 
&c.  together  with  the  almonry  and  the 
ruins  of  the  Archbishop's  palace  ;  an  ori- 
ginal survey  by  Professor  Willis.  2.  3. 
Liarge  facsimile  copies  of  the  plan  of 
the  monastery  by  Endwin,and  of  a  diagram 
shewing  the  waterworks,  from  the  same 
manuscript  4.  Plan  and  elevation  of  the 
principal  reservoir  (commonly  called  the 
baptistery)  in  its  present  state,  with  the 
cloisters  appended  to  its  east  and  west  sides, 
accompanied  by  an  enlarged  fao-simile  of 
the  representation  of  the  same  in  Eadwin's 
plan.  5.  Enlarged  fac-simile  of  Eadwin's 
drawing  of  the  lavatory  in  the  cloister. 
6.  Plan  and  section  of  the  Norman  neces- 
^^s^QBm^om  the  existing  remains. 

It  was  knribfidSbd  that  the  proposed  new 
Statutes  recommended  by  the  Committee 
appointed  for  the  revision  of  the  Society's 
existing  statutes  would  be  circnlated  to 
the  members  during  the  recess  ;  and  the 
meetings  were  then  adjourned  to  the  17th 
of  November. 


ARCHJIOLOOICAL  IN8T1TUTB. 

/Kfie3.  OcUvius  Morgan,  esq.  M.P. 
Vice-President,  in  the  chair. 

Edward  Hawkins,  esq.  related  the  dis- 
covery, during  the  previous  week,  of  a 
Roman  sarcophagus  of  stone,  foimd  in 
making  excavations  for  a  warehouse  imv 
Haydon-square,  Minories  (as  already  de- 
scribed in  lour  report  of  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries).  Mr.  Hawkins  stated  *h%% 
the  sarcophagus  and  leaden  coffin  were 
evidently  of  different  ages  ;  and  that  it 
was  probable  that  both  were  used  lor  a 
second  time  upon  the  interment  of  the 
child.  The  leaden  coffin  was  orig^inelly 
too  long  for  the  sarcophagvs,  and  ooe 
end  was  folded  np.  Mr.  HawUae  Antliir 
ezpretsed  his  giattfeatioii  that,  wUk  Hit 


185a.] 


Antiquarian  Bestarehes, 


79 


rSMly  Msent  of  all  partiei  interested  in 
the  diieorery,  the  Mreopbagoi  and  coffin 
bad  been  presented  to  the  British  Ma- 
sejiiD,  as  the  most  appropriate  place  for 
tbetr  preserration,  in  tbe  rooms  now  de- 
▼OCfd  to  Britisb  antiquities.  The  human 
rvoiains  had  been  forthwith  interred  by 
Mr.  Hill's  permission. 

The  Rev.  W.  Hastings  Kelke  gare  an 
aceoant  of  three  monomental  stataes  at 
Clifton  Reynes,  Bucks,  with  an  endeavour 
to  ascertain  their  date,  and  the  persons 
whom  they  were  intended  to  commemorate. 
Tlicy  consist  of  the  effigies  of  a  knight  and 
lady,  of  tbe  time  of  Edward  II.,  or  very 
earfy  in  tbe  following  reign,  carved  in  oak, 
and  well  preserred  ;  and  those  of  another 
knight  and  his  lady,  sculptured  in  fine 
white  stone,  bearing  some  resemblance  to 
alabaster.  The  former  Mr.  Kelke  is  dis- 
posed  to  assign  to  Sir  Ralph  de  Reynes, 
the  first  of  his  family  who  possessed  the 
manor  and  advowson  of  Clifton,  and  who 
died  about  1310.  The  other  statues  may 
rtpresent  his  great-grandson  Sir  John, 
with  his  first  wife,  heiress  of  Sir  Peter 
Soudamore  of  Wiltshire.  He  died  in  1428. 
At  the  feet  of  the  knight  lies  his  favourite 
dog  (  and  here  Mr.  Kelke  pointed  out  an 
interesting  evidence  of  the  feeling  and  care 
with  which  these  sepulchral  portraitnres 
were  designed.  On  tbe  collar  tbe  name 
of  the  dog  is  recorded,  bo,  in  letters  in 
high  relief.  This  monument,  it  may  be 
obeerved,  was  in  all  probability  erected  in 
the  lifetime  of  tbe  knight  Two  similar 
inatanees  occur  in  other  parts  of  England 
where  the  name  of  the  faithful  dog  is  thus 
oommemorated  on  the  tomb :  on  one,  at 
the  feet  of  a  lady,  in  a  church  near  Tewkes- 
bury, the  name  is  TiRi. 

Mr.  Edward  Godwin,  of  Bristol,  com 
mnnicated  notices  of  ancient  ecclesiastical 
Imildings  in  Cornwall,  illustrated  by  a 
series  of  beautiful  drawings  and  plans, 
exhibiting  the  peculiar  architectural  fea- 
tures of  the  Cornish  churches. 

The  Rev.  John  Webb  gave  an  account 

of  a  massive  iron  ring  which  he  exhibited  : 

it  had  been  found  near  Goodrich  Castle 

last  winter,  deposited  between  two  human 

skeletons.    It  is  formed  in  two  pieces, 

adjosted  together  by  tenons  and  sockets, 

and  appears  undeniably  intended  to  be 

worn  as  a  collar,  most  probably,  from  its 

massive  proportions  and  the  absence  of 

all  ornament,  by  a  slave.    The  mode  of 

unidng  tbe  parts  admits  of  their  being  so 

readily  separated,  that  this  curious  relic 

etnnot  be  regarded  as  having  served  for 

tbe   eonstraint  of  a  prisoner.      Several 

bronte  eoUara,  adjusted  in  precisely  simi- 

kr  mmooer,  and  highly  ornamented,  have 

bsm  found  in  England,  attributed  to  the 

Ssxoaage;  aadthimoiftpohihUoi^tailM 


seems  to  be  that  Mr.  Webb's  singular 
collar  had  been  that  of  a  serf,  in  the  same 
period,  with  whose  body,  possibly  in  re- 
membrance  of  his  manumission,  it  had 
been  deposited. 

Mr.  W.  W.  Wynne,  M.P.,  gave  an  ac- 
count of  the  discovery  of  four  bronxe 
vessels,  near  Llanbeder,  Merionethshire, 
placed  upon  a  flat  stone  in  a  kind  of  cairn. 
They  were  laid  before  the  meeting,  and 
are  of  the  Roman  period  ;  in  one  of  them 
were  found  several  hundreds  of  coins,  now 
at  Mostyn.  Mr.  Wynne  produced  also 
some  documents  under  the  Great  Seal  of 
Elisabeth,  and  bearing  her  sign-manual  s 
they  relate  to  certain  transactions  in  the 
Low  Countries  in  which  Sir  Thomas 
Gresham  was  engaged.  Also  a  remarkable 
document,  with  the  seal  and  signature  of 
Francis  I.,  being  the  counterpart  of  the 
treaty  between  Henry  YIII.  and  that  sove- 
reign, regarding  the  projected  war  with  the 
Grand  Turk  in  1532. 

Tbe  Rev.  Edward  TroUope  sent  an  im- 
pression from  a  seal  of  Henry  Earl  of 
Lancaster,  found  in  Lincolnshire ;  and 
drawings  of  two  richly  sculptured  Norman 
door-ways  at  the  church  of  Quenington, 
Gloucestershire,  and  of  two  singular 
sculptured  %ures,  apparently  representing 
pilgrims,  lately  found  at  Lincoln  cathedral, 
on  the  eastern  gable  of  the  Consistory 
Court.    They  are  of  the  time  of  Edward  I. 

Mr.  Octarius  Morgan  exhibited  a  tablo- 
clock,  of  singular  form,  date  about  1550, 
a  richly  coloured  pitcher  of  enamelled 
Nuremburg  ware,  and  a  collection  of 
weapons  and  arrow-heads  of  flint  and  ob- 
sidian, from  North  America,  identical  in 
their  forms  with  the  primeval  stone  wea- 
pons of  Europe. 

Amongst  other  antiquities  exhibited  was 
the  brass  offertory  dish,  bearing  an  in- 
scription in  runes,  as  explained  by  Mr. 
Kemble,  found  in  the  ruins  of  Chertsey 
Abbey :  it  was  produced  by  Mr.  Franks, 
as  also  drawings  by  Mr.  Scharf  of  some 
remarkable  Roman  urns  found  at  Oundle, 
one  of  them  unique  in  the  artistic  beauty 
of  the  designs  moulded  upon  it  Mr. 
Arthur  TroUope  sent  a  bronze  fibula  from 
Lincoln,  of  a  very  rare  form  in  England ; 
and  Mr.  Way  produced  an  inscribed 
hunting-pot  or  caldron  of  bell-metal,  from 
Cambridgeshire.  Mr.  Figg  communicated 
the  discovery  of  a  very  curious  bronst 
ornament,  enamelled,  and  similar  to  those 
from  Stanwick,  presented  by  the  Dake  of 
Northumberland  to  the  British  MnsevB. 
It  was  found  on  the  Sunex  downa, 
Wilmington.  Mr.  Dasborongh  BoJ 
brought  two  miniataro  poitnttip  '**■ 
them  considered  to  be  Sir  Mdwm 
in  the  roiga  of  BUnb»il» 
•tlirillit 


■  « 


80 


AsiHquarian  Researches. 


[July, 


Burnet,  aad  bequeathed  by  that  prelate  to 
his  second  son. 

The  Societj  adjourned  to  July  12,  when 
the  annual  meeting  will  commence  at 
Chichester,  as  announced  in  our  last 
number,  p.  6?3. 


BRITISH  AKCIIJiOLOGICAL  ASSOCIATION. 

Jiine  8.  Mr.  Lott  brought  for  exhibi- 
tion an  iron  spur  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
two  chasings  in  brass  representing  Christ^s 
Agony  in  the  Garden  and  the  Ascension, 
a  bronze  paint-box  of  some  EUistem  beauty, 
and  a  little  brass  figure  of  Cerea.  Mr. 
Thomas  Gunston  exhibited  some  rubbings 
recently  obtained  during  repairs  at  the 
fine  old  church  at  Chinnor,  Oxon.  The 
churchwarden,  Mr.  W.  Halton,  kindly 
allowed  them  to  be  taken,  as  necessity 
shortly  obliges  their  concealment  from 
view.  They  commemorate  Sir  Reginald 
de  Malyns  and  his  two  wives,  and  were 
found  upon  the  floor  of  the  aisle  entirely 
covered  over  with  pews.  They  offered 
interesting  specimens  of  the  costume  of 
the  fourteenth  century.  The  shields  of 
arms  are  lost.  Mr.  Gunston  also  exhibited 
a  rubbing  of  Reginald  Malyns,  esq.  of  the 
date  of  1430,  from  the  same  church.  Mr. 
C.  Spence,  of  Devonport,  presented  a  fac- 
simile of  the  matrix  of  the  well-known  seal 
of  Milo  of  Gloucester,  the  original  having 
been  for  some  time  in  his  charge.  The 
Rev.  Thos.  Hugo  exhibited  an  encaustic 
tile  found  some  feet  above  the  sarcopha- 
gus and  coffin  lately  discovered  in  Hnydon- 
square,  Minories.  Mr.  Pidgeon,  the  drafts- 
man to  the  Association,  laid  upon  the  table 
a  series  of  drawings  representing  the  sar- 
cophagus, &c.  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Hugo 
read  an  account  of  the  discovery. 

Mr.  George  Vcre  Irving  read  a  paper 
**  On  the  Ancient  Standard  Weights  and 
Measures  of  the  Kingdom  of  Scotland.*' 
The  subject  was  traced  from  the  time  of 
King  David  I.  (1124—1153)  down  to  the 
Union,  the  trenty  of  which  put  an  end  to 
the  national  Scotch  weights  as  a  legal 
standard,  although  they  continued  to  be 
used  down  to  the  passing  of  the  Act  for 
the  Imperial  standard,  and  in  some  in- 
stances even  subsequently.  Tlie  original 
weights  and  measures  were  exhibited  in 
illustration  of  the  paper. 

The  chairman  announced  the  adjourn- 
ment of  the  ordinary  meetings  of  the 
Association  until  November  next.  And 
stated  that  the  Tenth  Annual  Congress 
would  be  held  at  Rochester  during  the 
last  week  in  July. 

MMISMATIC  SOCIKTY. 

May  ?6.     Mr.  Evans  re^d  a  paper  "  On 
.xome  Unpublished  Coins  of  Caransius  ;'* 
in  wliirh  he  called  attention  to  some  speci- 
10 


mens  not  mentioned  in  any  of  the  numer- 
ous works  which  treat  of  the  money  of 
that  celebrated  usurper.  The  first  was  a 
copper  coin  belonging  to  the  Earl  of  Vera- 
lam,  found  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  city 
from  which  he  derives  his  title.  Its  pecu- 
liarity is,  the  legend  on  the  reverse, 
ExrECTATB,*-- which  has  only  been  ob- 
served hitherto  on  a  coin  in  the  Hunterian 
Museum  at  Glasgow.  The  device,  how- 
ever, on  these  two  coins  is  different  Ano- 
ther specimen  bears  the  legend  salvs 
PVBLICA.  Mr.  Evans  remarked,  that, 
though  this  type  was  published  in  Mr. 
Akerman'^  work  as  long  ago  as  1834,  while 
the  **  Monumenta  Historica  Britanniea*' 
did  not  appear  till  1848, — in  the  latter 
work  all  mention  of  such  a  legend  as  salvs 
PVBLICA  on  the  coins  of  Carausiua  ia 
most  perversely  omitted. 

Mr.  Bergne  read  a  letter  (communicated 
by  C.  R.  Smith,  esq.),  from  the  Abbf 
Cauchy,  "On  Four  Coins,  found  at  An  vers, 
in  a  Merovingian  Cemetery.'*  The  letter 
was  accompanied  by  admirable  tracings  of 
the  coins  on  isinglass  paper. 

M  r.  Vaux  read  a  letter  addressed  by  C. 
T.  Newton,  esq.  H.  M.  Vice-Consul  at 
Mytilene,  dated  Rhodes,  April  18,  1853, 
On  some  Rare  Greek  Coins  lately  pro* 
cured  by  him,  and  which  he  agrees  with 
M.  Ivanoff,  the  Russian  Consul  at  Smyrna, 
in  attributing  to  Hecatomnus,  king  of 
Caria.  Their  type  is, — on  the  obrerse,  a 
lion's  head  to  the  left,  jaws  extended,  and 
tongue  hanging  out,  above  which,  ska  ; 
and  on  the  reverse,  a  star  of  eight  points. 
The  chief  reasons  in  support  of  this  attri- 
bution are  the  resemblance  which  the  ooini 
bear  to  a  very  rare  coin  described  by 
Eckhel  (Doct.  Num.  Vet.  II.  p.  596),  with 
the  legend  ekatom  ;  the  discovery  of 
these  coins  at  Budrum,  the  ancient  Hali- 
carnassus,  and  the  capital  of  the  Cariin 
monarchy  ;  and  the  similarity  which  they 
bear  to  the  silver  coins  of  Cnidus  both  in 
general  character  and  style  of  execution. 
Mr.  Newton  remarked,  that  the  combina- 
tion  of  the  Lion  and  the  Star  was  by  no 
means  new  to  numismatists ;  and  that  tfali 
type  was  known  to  occur  on  coins  of 
Miletus,  and  on  one  of  Evagoras,  king  of 
Cyprus,  while  a  number  of  similar  typea 
ure  engraven  by  the  Due  de  Luynes  in  nit 
recent  beautiful  work  on  the  coins  of  that 
island.  The  duke  is  of  opinion,  in  that 
work,  that  the  lion  is  a  symbol  of  the 
8un*s  excessive  heat  in  Cyprus,— a  tIsw 
which  Mr.  Newton  considers  may  bs  ne- 
cepted,  and  is  applicable  wiA  equsl  jttstiee 
to  the  coins  of  Hecatomnus.  It  is  pm» 
fectly  natural  that  the  same  symbol  thoakl 
be  adopted  by  contemporary  and  alUap 
monarcbs  in  countries  such  near  naigli- 
boors  as  Caria  and  Cyprus* 


1853.] 


Foreign  News. 


81 


KILKENNY  AND  SOUTH-EAST  OF  IRELAND 
AKCHJIOLOOICAL  SOCIETY. 

At  the  May  meeting  of  this  Society, 
•moog  various  donations  to  the  museum, 
Mr.  George  Bolger,  of  the  bell  foundry 
of  Hodges  in  Dublin,  presented  two  re- 
markably fine  bronze  celts,  and  expressed 
hb  intention  of  contributing  similar  re- 
mains on  future  occasions,  as  they  often 
come  into  his  hands  in  the  course  of 
business. 

The  Rev.  James  Graves  read  a  descrip- 
tion of  a  sepulchre  tumulus,  discovered 
00  the  lands  of  Cuffsborough,  in  the 
parish  of  Aghaboe,  Queen's  County.  It 
contained  a  sepulchral  chamber  of  the 
nature  of  the  celebrated  example  of  New 
Grange ;  and  Mr.  Graves  conjectures  that. 


while  the  tumuli  of  New  Grange,  Dowtby 
Koowth,  &c.  were  royal  sepulchres,  the 
Cnffsborough  tumulus  was,  most  probably, 
the  burial-plnce  of  the  petty  chief  of  the 
district.     It  has  been  entirely  destroyed. 

Mr.  Hackett,  of  Middleton,  communi- 
cated some  legendary  stories  illustrative 
of  ancient  Irish  superstitions :  and  other 
papers  were  received  from  the  Rev.  James 
Mead,  on  an  ancient  ring-dial  found  at 
Shankill ;  from  T.  L.  Cooke,  esq.  on  the 
cross  of  Banagher ;  from  the  Rev.  A.  B. 
Rowan,  on  the  disputed  monument  at 
Holy  Cross  ;  from  Sir  Erasmus  Dixon 
Burroughs,  Bart,  on  the  old  mode  of 
Swearing-in  the  Mayors  of  Dublin ;  and 
from  Mr.  Daniel  Byrne,  of  Timahoe,  on 
some  Queen's  County  traditions. 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


The  demands  of  Prince  Menschikoflf 
on  the  T\trkith  Government  have  been 
finally  rejected  by  the  Porte,  and  the 
Prince  consequently  left  Constantinople 
on  the  22nd  May.  Tlie  point  upon  which 
the  final  difference  occurred  appears  to 
have  been  the  demand  of  a  treaty  ratifying 
the  privileges  already  granted  to  the  Greek 
Cbiistians  in  the  Turkish  empire,  and 
placing  them  under  the  protectorate  of 
Roasia.  The  refusal  of  the  Porte  is  sup- 
ported by  the  general  approval  of  the  re- 
presentatives of  the  principal  European 
governments,  and  the  French  and  English 
fleets  have  been  ordered  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Dardanelles.  The  English  fleet  under 
Admiral  Dundas  left  Malta  on  the  8th, 
and  arrived  in  the  Bay  of  Besika  on  the 
13th  June.  The  Emperor  Nicholas  has 
eommunicated  his  ultimatum  in  a  letter  to 
die  Sultan,  and  it  is  reported  that  this  has 
met  with  a  decided  reftisal.  The  Russian 
government  has  also  addressed  a  circular 
note  to  its  representatives  at  the  various 
European  courts,  which  has  been  made 
pablic  This  note  defends  the  course 
wluch  haa  been  pursued  in  these  negoda- 
tiona,  and  states  the  terms  now  demanded 
from  Tnrk^.  These  are,  that  an  oflicial 
note  ahall  oe  addressed  by  the  Porte  to 
the  Roasian  representative,  pledging  the 
former  that  the  present  privileges  of  the 
Christian  subjects  of  Turkey  shall  be 
maintained.  On  both  sides  active  warlike 
prepentioni  axe  going  on.  The  RoaiiMi 
fOfernmeat  threatens,  on  the  refeaal  of 
2a  ttltimatnm»  an  immediMe  oecwpitiai 

Omn.  Ma«.  Vot.  XL. 


of  the  Danubian  Principal! tieb,  but  denies 
that  this  would  be  an  act  of  war.  It  is 
said  that  the  interference  of  Austria  has 
been  requested  by  Russia  to  induce  the 
Porte  to  submit  to  the  terms  required, 
and  that  Austria,  though  declining  this 
task,  has  undertaken  to  endeavour  to  find 
some  means  of  reconciling  the  differences 
between  the  other  powers.  Meanwhile  the 
Sultan  has  issued  a  decree  confirming  the 
privileges  of  the  Greek  Christians,  and  is 
ready,  on  the  first  indication  of  a  fiiendly 
feeling  on  the  part  of  Russia,  to  send  a 
special  embassy  to  St.  Petersburg  to  com- 
municate this  decree  to  the  Emperor. 

In  Jamaica  the  difficulties  between  the 
Governor,  Sir  Charles  Grey,  and  the 
House  of  As:iembly  still  continue,  and  the 
supplies  have  been  stopped.  The  Go- 
vernor, who  is  supported  by  the  Legisla- 
tive Council,  threatens  to  disband  the 
police  and  shut  up  the  courts  of  justice. 
The  termination  of  the  contest  seems  at 
present  doubtful,  but  many  moderate  per- 
sons urge  strongly  the  recall  of  the  Go- 
vernor, as  the  only  means  of  conciliation. 

Riots  have  taken  place  at  Quebec  and 
Montreal^  excited  by  the  lectures  of  the 
well-known  Father  Gavazzi.  At  the  lat- 
ter place  a  collision  took  place  on  the  9th 
between  the  military  and  the  mob,  in 
which  7  persoBi  were  killed  and  about  16 
womided.  aoase  of  ' 


ofB< 


82 


DomeMtic  Occurrences, 


[July, 


and  wounded.  Negociations  for  peace 
have  been  for  some  time  in  progress,  and 
the  GoTemor-General  has  allowed  the 
Burmese  Commissioners  thirty  dayi  to 
consider  his  terms.  If  these  should  not 
be  agreed  to  within  the  time  allowed,  an 
adfance  upon  Ava  is  to  be  made. 

On  the  16th  April  the  first  railway  in 
India  was  opened,  extending  for  twenty- 
four  miles  from  Bombay  to  Tannah.     It 


was  commenced  on  the  31st  Oct.  1850. 
The  principal  works  were  an  embankment 
across  Sion  Marsh,  a  cutting  for  a  mile 
and  a  half  at  Salsette,  and  a  Viadnct  about 
1(M)0  feet  in  length  over  the  Tannah  riTcr. 
On  the  18th  of  June  Prince  Albert,  the 
nephew  of  the  King  of  Saxony^  and  next 
heir  to  the  Crown,  was  married  t«  tiie 
Princess  Carola  of  Wasa,  the  daughter  of 
the  ex-King  of  Sweden. 


DOMESTIC   OCCURRENCES. 


On  the  16th  June  the  King  and  Queen 
of  Haqpver,  accompanied  by  the  Crown 
Prince  and  the  Princesses,  landed  at 
Woolwich,  and  proceeded  to  the  residence 
of  the  Hanoverian  Legation  in  Grosvenor- 
place. 

A  military  camp  having  been  formed  at 
Chobham  Common,  four  miles  from  Chert- 
sey,  it  was  occupied  by  troops  on  the  14th 
of  June.  The  regiments  who  have  been 
summoned  in  the  first  instance  to  this 
summer  exercise  are  the  95th,  the  50th, 
the  93rd,  and  38th ;  the  Horse  and  Foot 
Artillery,  the  Rifle  Brigade ;  and  of 
cavalry,  the  1st  Life  Guards,  1 7th  Lancers, 
18th  Light  Dragoons,  and  6th  Carbineers. 
The  chief  commsnd  of  the  camp  is  en- 
trusted to  Lieut.-General  Lord  Seaton,  and 
that  of  the  Cavalry  to  H.R.H.  the  Duke 
of  Cambridge.  The  first  grand  field-day 
wta  the  17th  of  June;  and  on  the  20th  the 
camp  was  visited  by  the  Queen  and  Prince 
Albert,  accompanied  by  the  King  and 
Queen  of  Hanover,  the  Duchess  of  Cam- 
bridge, the  Duke  of  Saxe  Coburg,  the 
Her.  Grand  Duke  of  Mecklenburg  Strelitz, 
and  other  ilhistrious  personages.  Lord 
Yiscount  Hardinge,  the  General  Com- 
mtfndiog-in-Chief,  was  present  with  a  very 
numerous  staff,  and  by  the  Queen's  com- 
mands has  notified  to  the  troops  an  ex- 
pression of  her  perfect  satisfaction. 

On  the  16th  June,  Prince  Albert  offi- 
ciated at  the  laying  of  the  foundation  stone 
of  the  Atylutn  for  Idiott  at  Earlswood 
Common,  near  Reigate,  the  Bishop  of 
Winchester  offering  prayers  at  the  solem- 
nity. This  institution  was  founded  in 
Loudon  on  the  27th  Oct.  1847,  and  is 
intended  to  afford  protection  and  comfort 
to  all  the  objects  of  its  care,  with  the  hope 
of  restoring  some,  by  care^  training,  to 
be  useful  and  happy  members  of  society. 
The  architect  is  Mr.  Moffatt,  and  the 
amount  of  the  contract  29,440/. 

On  the  idih  May,  an  old  building  in 
the  centre  of  the  town  of  Wai/ordf  used 
as  the  Corn  Exchange  and  Market- bouse, 
was  destroyed  by  fire.  It  contained  a  con- 
siderable quantity  of  corn,  and  the  King's 
Head  and  Spread  Eagle  inns,  with  some 


other  neighbouring  houses,  were  mucq 
damaged.  The  Market-house  wu  par- 
tially burnt  by  a  similar  accident  nrenty- 
three  years  since. 

On  the  2d  June  the  Bishop  of  Roches- 
ter consecrated  a  new  Church  at  12o«Jker- 
vilht  in  the  parish  of  Northfleet,  built  by 
the  side  of  the  road  from  London  to 
Gravesend.  The  town  takes  its  name 
from  the  late  Jeremiah  Rosher,  by  whose 
children,  consisting  of  seven  brothers  and 
a  sister,  the  clmrch  has  been  erected  at 
the  exjH'nse  of  more  than  5000/.  and  partly 
endowed  with  the  sum  of  1000/.  assigned 
to  the  trustees  of  Queen  Anne's  Bounty. 
Mr.  George  Roslier  has  also  built  a  par- 
sonage-house at  the  cost  of  1000/.  and 
has  further 'invested  300/.  as  a  fund  to- 
wards the  repairs  of  the  church,  the 
patronage  being  vested  in  him  and  his 
heirs.  The  church  is  in  the  Early-Bngliah 
style  of  architecture,  from  the  dedgna  of 
Messrs.  H.  and  E.  Rose,  of  London. 

On  the  21st  June  the  ceremony  took 
place  of  opening  a  spacious  ColUge^  at 
Huniperpoinf,  in  Sussex,  intended  as  a 
school  for  the  sons  of  farmers  and  trades- 
men, and  a  college  for  the  education  of 
commercial  schoolmasters,  in  the  prin- 
ciples of  the  Established  Church.  The 
Provost,  the  Rev.  N.  Woodward,  met  the 
Bishop  of  Chichester,  the  Viaitor  of  the 
College,  and  the  assisting  Bishops  of 
Exeter  and  St.  David^s ;  and  services  were 
performed  in  a  crypt  under  the  dining, 
hall,  which  is  fitted  up  as  a  temporary 
chapel,  and  a  sermon  preached  by  the 
Bishop  of  St.  David's.  The  buildings 
hafe  been  erected  from  the  designs  of 
Mr.  R.  C.  Carpenter  in  the  Middle  Pcnntod 
style ;  and  they  cover  nearly  two  acnt, 
the  material  being  squared  flint,  with  atone 
dressings.  The  foundation  oompriaea  ao- 
commodation  for  300  boys,  with  nz  maatera 
in  holy  orders,  two  chaplaincies,  thirty^aiz 
sets  of  rooms  for  training  masters,  a  chapd, 
hall  ^measuring  80  feet  by  32),  musena, 
libranes  (for  the  mastera  and  the  boys), 
the  Provost's  lodgings,  an  infirmary,  te. 
It  is  considered  a  brandi  of  St  Nieholss 
College,  Shoreham. 


83 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


Gakettk  Preferments. 

Mi^  SO.  Lord  Aurustns  Loftas,  now  Secre- 
UiT  of  Lefation  at  Stattgardt,  to  be  Secretary 
ot  Lefatioa  at  Berlin. 

May  7S.  Cospatrick- Alexander  Earl  of  Home 
to  be  Keeper  of  the  Seal  of  Scotland. 

Jfigr  95.  Fox  Lord  Fanmure  to  be  Keeper  of 
the  IriTy  Seal  of  Scotland.— George  Ueaa.  eaq. 
to  be  one  of  the  Lords  of  Session  in  Scotland. 

May  36.  The  Hon.  Amelia  Matilda  Murray 
to  be  one  of  the  Bedchamber  Women  in  Ordi- 
nary to  her  MiO^>tf » ^^  ^^^  Hon.  Mrs.  George 
Edward  Anson,  resiyoed. 

JVarjr  HT.  Coldstream  Guards,  Lieutenant  and 
CapL  H.  W.Comminr  to  be  Capt.  and  Lieut- 
Colonel.~4Srd  Foot,  Captain  the  Hon.  P.  £. 
Herbert  to  be  Migor.—Aand  Foot,  Major  G. 
Campbell  to  be  LIeut.-Col. ;  brevet  Major  J.  A. 
Vigors  to  be  Major.— Slst  Foot,  Major  H. 
Benny  to  be  Lient.-Golonel ;  Captain  J.  H. 
Stewart  to  be  Major.— Brevet :  To  have  the 
rank  of  Major  in  the  Bast  Indies :  Cant.  C  V. 
Cox,  Capt.  A.  Robertson,  Capt.  P.  Christie, 
and  Capt.  H.  A.  Olpherts,  all  of  the  Bengal 
Artillery. 

iiaf  as.  William  Julius  Marsliall,  esa.  to  be 
one  of  her  Majesty's  Hon.  Corps  of  Gentlemen- 
at-Arms,  vice  Petera. 

3iav  30.  Lieut-Gen.  the  Hon.  George  Cath- 
cart,  Governor  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and 
M^r-General  Henry  Somerset,  C.B.  to  be 
Knirhts  Commanders  of  the  Bath :  and  Col. 
WilRam  Eyre,  Lieut. -Colonel  73rd  Foot ;  Lieut.- 
CoLJohn  Michel,  6th  Foot;  Lieot.-Col.  C.  C. 
Yarborongh,  Olst  Foot ;  Lieut.  Col.  J.  M.  Per- 
ceval, 13th  Foot  J  Ueut.-Col.  G.  T.  C.  Napier, 
late  Lieat.-Col.  Cape  Mounted  Riflemen,  to  be 
Companions  of  the  Bath. 

JUa^  31.  Ueut.-Col.  William  Eyre.  79rd  Foot, 
to  be  Aide-de-camp  to  her  Majesty,  with  the 
rank  of  Colonel  in  the  Army.— Majors  F.  G.  A. 
Plnckney,  73rd  Foot ;  David  Forbes,  9lBt  Foot ; 
H.  D.  Kyle,  i5th  Foot ;  C  H.  Bumaby,  R.  Art. ; 
J.  J.  Bissett,  Cape  Mounted  Riflemen ;  Arthur 
Home,  lath  Foot ;  John  Arm8trnn|r,  Cape 
Monnted  Riflemen ;  W.  E.  Bedford,  60th  Foot ; 
W.  H.  Tottenham,  lath  Light  Dragoons :  R.  N. 
Phillips,  43rd  Foot ;  A.  H.  Horsford,  Rifle  Bri- 
gade, and  the  Hon.  P.  E.  Herbert,  48rd  Foot, 
to  be  Lieut.-Colonels  in  the  Army.— Captains 
H.  L.  Maydwell.  41st  Foot;  Hon.  R.  W.  P. 
Cnrxon,  Grenadier  Guards ;  H.  T.  Vialls,  45th 
Foot;  Hon.  Adrian  Hope,  60th  Foot;  R.  P. 
Gampbell,  73rd  Foot;  T.  Addison,  2na  Foot ; 
C  D.  Robertson,  R.  Eng. ;  J.  C  Mansergh, 
6Ui  Foot;  Lord  Alex.  G.  Russell,  IstBatt.  Rifle 
BHgade.  Deputy-Assist.  Quartermaster-Gen. ; 
Rkbard  T)iden,  R.  Eng. ;  F.  W.  L.  Hancock, 
74tb  Foot ;  Edward  Wellesley,  73rd  Foot ;  E.  S. 
Snjtii,  and  Foot;  W.  E.  Bewes,  73rd  Foot; 
P.  P.  Faddy,  R.  Art.;  andHon.G.T.  Devereux, 
R.  Art.  to  be  Majors. 

Jume  1.  The  Right  Hon.  Thomas  Berry 
Cnaack  Smith,  Master  of  the  Rolls  in  Ireland ; 
Sir  Cresswell  Cretswell,  Knt.  one  of  the  Jns- 
tieea  of  the  Common  Pleas  in  England ;  John 
llaraball.  eeq.  one  of  the  Senators  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Joatice  in  Scotland;  George  WllUam 
Wllsbere  Bramwell,  esa.  Q.C.  \  James  An- 
denoo,  eao.  Q.C.;  Kirkman  Daniel  Hodg- 
aon,  esq. ;  Thomas  Batley,  esq. ;  and  Robert 
Slater,  esq.  to  be  Commissioners  for  inqairlng 
into  the  expediency  of  usImUating  the  Mer- 
eaatile  Laws  of  the  United  Kingdom. 

JbMt.  1st  Dragoon  Guards,  Capt.  G.Brifgfe 
to  be  Major.— 4d  Dragoon  Goarda.  Maior-Geo. 
tbf  Hoo.  H.  P.  C.  Cavendish  to  be  oHloiiei.— 


sad  Foot,  Lient-Colonel  R.  O.  Hughes,  from 
80th  Foot,  to  be  Lieut. -Colonel,  We«  C.  W. 
Forester,  who  retires  upon  half-pay.— 68d  Foot, 
Major  the  Hon.  R.  A.  G.  Dalxell,  from  Slat 
Foot,  to  be  Major,  vice  Major  A.  T.  Allan,  who 
exchanges.— Brevet,  Major  W.  D.  P.  Pattoq. 
74th  Foot,  to  be  Lient.-Colonel  in  the  Army.— 
William  Beaver  Neale,  esq.  (sometime  British 
Vice-Consnl  at  AlexandretU)  to  be  Consul  fbr 
the  Continent  of  Greece  and  Island  of  Negro- 
pont.  to  reside  at  the  PirKus. 

June 4.  Graham  Willmore.  esq.  Q.C.,  George 
Boden,  esq.,  and  Thomas  Tower,  esq.  to  be 
Commissioners  of  Inquiry  into  the  existence 
of  corrupt  practices  at  tne  last  election  for 
Cambridge. 

June  6.  Dr.  James  Begbie  to  be  one  of  Her 
Majesty's  Physicians  in  Ordinary  in  ScotUnd. 

June  7.  Edward  Lee  Godfrey,  esq.  to  be 
Postmaster  for  Mauritius. 

June  10.  9th  Foot,  Major  A.  Borton  to  be 
Lieut.-Colonel ;  Capt.  F.  D.  Lister  to  be  M^or. 

June  18.  The  Earl  of  Eglinton  elected  a 
Knight  of  the  Thistle. 

June  30.  The  Right  Hon.  Henry  Labouchere, 
the  Right  Hon.  Sir  John  Patteson,  Knight, 
and  George  Comewall  Lewis,  esq.  to  be  Her 
Miyesty's  Commissioners  for  inquiring  into 
the  existing  state  of  the  Corporation  of  the  city 
of  London. 

June  34.  55th  Foot,  Capt.  Fred.  A.  Whimper 
to  be  Major. 

Carnarvonshire  Rifle  Militia,  John  Mac- 
donald,  esq.,  late  a  Lient.-Col.  (Unau.)  in  Her 
Majesty's  Service,  to  be  Maior.— Devon  Militia 
Artillery,  George  Stucley  Buck  to  be  Lieut.- 
Col.  Commandant.— Hampshire  Militia  Artil- 
lery. Claudius  Shaw  esq.  K.SF.,  late  of  R.  Art. 
and  Col.  of  Artillery,  Brit.  Auxiliary  L^on  of 
Spain,  to  be  Major.— Artillery  Corps  of  Royal 
Lancashire  Militia,  G.  Hall,  esqL,  late  Capt. 
and  brevet  Major  of  Artillery,  E.l.C.  to  be 
CapUin,  with  brevet  rank  of  M^jor.- 3d  Mid- 
dlesex Militia,  Major  R.  Cannon,  K.C.  Charles 
111.  and  K.S.F.  h.  p.  Madras  Army,  to  be 
Lieut.-Colonel.— 5th  Middlesex  MiUtia,  Capt. 
J.  T.  Bowdoin,  late  Capt.  4th  Dragoon  Guards, 
to  be  Major. 

Major-Gen.  the  Hon.  George  Anson,  M.P. 
to  be  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Presidency 
of  Bengal. 

Joseph  Townley,  esq.  and  Thos.  Shepperson, 
esq.  elected  Sheriffs  of  London  and  Middlesex. 

Sir  John  Key,  Bart,  elected  Chamberlain  of 
London  (Key  3185 .  Mr.  Benj.  Scott  3914.).' 


Membert  returned  to  terve  in  Partiatneni. 

C'Aa/AaM.— Leicester  Viney  Vernon,  esq. 
CUikeroe,— John  T.  W.  Aspinall,  esq. 
Harwich.— John  Uradshaw,  esq. 
Pft^fraroM^A.— Geo.  Hammond  Whalley,  eaq. 
P/ymoKfA.— Roundell  Palmer,  eaq. 
Aye.— Wm.  Alex.  Macklnnon,  eiq. 


Naval  Prbpeembicti. 

Mtn  38.    Rear-Adm.  Sir  C.  No-****  ^ ' 
to  be  Vice- Admiral  of  tha  Blw| 
Borton,  K.U.to  be  Be«n-Ate  ^ 
Half-pay  Uat|  Ouit.  W.F.r 
Admiral  of  the  BIwt  Mtt^ 
Smyth  and  H.  SMnii^ 
Adninlioatlw  !•»*!> 


84 


Ecclesioitical  PrefirmenU — Birth*. 


CJ«iy» 


/auitf6.  Ill  consideratioD  of  senricesoftlie 
nndermentioiied  oiRcert  while  co-opermtinf 
with  the  AnnT  dorinf  the  war  in  Cufraria, 
ComiD.  W.  K.  Hall  to  he  Captain ;  Mr.  C.  Al- 
hert.  Second  Master,  to  be  Master;  Mr.  J. 
Rlliott,  Assistant  Sur^n,  to  be  Sarreon ;  and 
Mr.  H.  Baillie,  Midshipman,  to  be  Lient.  when 
he  shall  have  passed  the  required  examinations. 

Commodore  Henry  Bden  (Superintendent  of 
Woolwich  Dockyard)  to  be  Naral  Aide-de-camp 
to  her  Msjesty. 


Ecclesiastical  Pabpbambnts. 
Rev.  J.  W.  Colenso,  to  the  Bishopric  of  NaUl. 
Rev.  C.  Lee,  Hon.  Canoary,  Durham. 
RcT.  H.  Ba^nall,  Great  Barr  P.C  SUIT. 
RcT.  J.  Bartlett,  St.  Blaxey  P.C.  Cornwall. 
RcT.  J.  W.  Bird,  Fknlkboom  R.  Bssex. 
Rev.  C.  F.  Booker.  St.  Peter  P.C.  Parkstone, 

Dorset. 
Rer.  G.  Bnrd,  Sheinton  R.  Shropshire. 
Rev.  O.  B.  Byers,  Christ  Church  PC.  Croydon, 

Surrey. 
Rer.  W.  A.  Conway,  St.  James  P.C.  Heywood, 

Lancashire. 
Rer.  F.  A.  Crooke,  Kinysdown  R.  Kent. 
Rer.  T.  Daniels,  St.  Paul  P.C.  Hulme,  Lane. 
RcT.P.J.Daries,  Bettws-Leike  PCCardifansh. 
Rer.  B.  P.  Denniss,  St.  John  P.C.  Nottinr 

hill,  Middlesex. 
Rer.  O.  Dover,  Kirkdale  P.C.  Lancashire. 
Rer.  O.  T.  Dobbin,  LL.D.  Killochonniffan  P.C. 

dio.  Meatb. 
Rer.  J.  Fleroinic,  Winrenhall  St.  Mary-the- 

Vlrfia  V.  Norfolk. 
Rer.  H.GelAton,  Kilmainham-Wood  R.andV. 

dio.  Meath. 
Rev.  J.  Gifford,  Newport  P.C-  Devon. 
RcT.  G.  J.  Gill,  Coxley  PC.  Somerset. 
Rev.  A.  R  Grant,  St.  Michael  PC.  Cambridge. 
Rer.  E.  unAths.  Copt  Oak  St.  Peter  P.C  Ldc. 
Rev.  H.  G.  Groves,  Afullai^bbrack  R.  and  V. 

archdio.  Arma^. 
Rer.  W.  S.  Hadley,Compton-AbbasR.  Dorset. 
Rev.  A.  Hamilton,  Tullyallen   P.C.  archdio. 

Armaicb. 
Rev.  G.  Harrison,  Sntcombe  R.  Devon. 
Rev.  W.  Hartford.  Poiroane  R.  and  V.  dio. 

Ossory. 
Rev.  F.  Hessey,  D.C.L.  St.    Barnabas   P.C. 

Kensington. 
Rev.  W.  Hooper,  Mariansleifh  PC  Devon. 
Rev.  R.  H.  Howard,  Dalston  V.  Cumberland. 
Rev.  M.  JeiTerys.  Sooth  Thoresby  R.  Line 
Rev.  W.  Jcpbson,  Hinton-Wsldrist  R.  Berks. 
Rev.   M.   Kearney,  0*Meathe  P.C.   archdio. 

Amsfb. 
Rev.  O.  W.  Keifl^htley,  Dunsby  R.  Uncolnsh. 
Rev.  J.  R.  Kempe,  St.  James  R.  Westminster. 
Rev.  G.  L'Bstrance,  Tiouhoe  and  Ballyncfurb 

R.  and  V.  dio.  Kildare. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Lyall,  St.  Dionis-Backcborch  R. 

London. 
Rev.  H.  8.  Mackamess,  St.  Mary -the- Virgin 

P.C  Romney- Marsh,  Kent. 
Rev.  J.  Matthew,  Knowstone  and  Molland  V. 

Devon. 
Rev.  S.  W.  Merry,  Astley  P.C  Warwickshire. 
Rev.  T.  S.  Millfnrton.  St.  Paul  P.C.  Wood- 

hoose-Eaves,  Leicestershire. 
Rev.  J.  Moore,  Kilverstone  R.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  R.  H.  Morran,  Uhni^kk  P.C  01am. 
Rev.  H.  C  G.  Morris,  Mark  PC.  Somerset. 
Rev.  W.  B.  Pbilpot,  Walesby  R.  Lincolnshire. 
Rev.  W.  Noble,  Columbkllle  V.  dio.  Ardsffh. 
Rev.  T.  Openthsw,  Brackenfleld  P.C.  Derb. 
Rev.  D.  J.  Psteriion,  Chelford  P.C  Cheshire. 
Rev.  T.  Pearse,  Morden  V.  Dorset. 
Rev.  J.  Pfsrsoo.  8t.Fulroood.the-Kinir  RNorw. 
Rev.  J.  N.  Peilf,  Newton-Toney  K.  Wilts. 
Rev.T.  Felly,  Church  Brsroptoti  R.  Northampt. 
Ven  T.  Roliin«wn.T)  D.^MsHtirof  t1i^Tf>mnle. 

Uii.lon-.  lli'-rfHM  It.  ili-rr-. 


Rev.  P.  P.  Rooper,  Abbotts-Riptoo  R.  Huats. 

Rev.  J.  Rowlands,  St.  Botolph  R.  Cambridge. 

Rev.  F.  Salter,  East  Teignmouth  P.C.  Devoo. 

Rev.  T.  R.  Shore,  St.  Nicholat-WithiB  P.C 
Dublin. 

Rev.  G.  C  Sm^-the,  CarnuMuey  R.  and  V.  dio. 
Connor. 

Rev.  F.  Southgate,  Rooherville  P.C  Gravwead. 

Rev.  J.  Tsylor,  Redmile  R.  Leicestershire. 

Rev.  H.  Veale,  Newcastle-under-Lyne  R.  Staff. 

Rev.  S.  Warren,  Brandon-Ferry  R.  w.  Wang- 
ford,  Sulfblk. 

Rev.  R.  Wirhtman,  Croas<^::anonby  P.C.  Comb. 

Rev.  J.  Wilson,  Hampton-Meysey  R.  Ghwe. 

Rev.  W.  J.  Young,  Brackaviile  P.C.  Armagh. 

T\t  Ck&piamei§9. 

The  Yen.  J.  C  Hare,  Arebdcaoon  of  Lsww, 
Rev.  H.  MelviU,  B.D.  and  Yen.  H.IUtam, 
D.D.  Archdeacon  of  Bedford,  tobeChaptaSas 
in  Ordinary  to  the  Queen. 

Rev.  C  Bailey.  H.M.  Screw  Steam  Goard- 
ahip  Hogue,  Devonport. 

Rev.  G.  Forteacue  fpro  temp  J,  Garriaon,  Fly- 
mouth. 

Rev.  W.  Gibbon.  Dartford  Union.  Keat. 

Rev.  R.  M.  Inskip,  H.M.  Steam-flrjgale  Magi- 

Rev.  G.'w.  Langmead,  Army  encamped  at 

Chobham. 
Rev.  W.  C  Moore,  to  Yiscount  Valentin. 
Rev.  J.  H.  Nowers,  Convict  BstabUahaieat, 

Portland  Island. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Pritcbett,  to  Eari  of  Stair. 
Rev.  S.  K.  Stothert,  H.M.  Steam  Guard-ship 

La  Hogue,  Devonport. 
Rev.  hTw.  Tsylor,  H.M.  ahip  Terrible. 
Rev.  J.  Thompson,  H.M.  Screw-ship  St.  Jean 

d'Acre,  Devonport. 

Oolleffiate  ami  Sekolatlie  Appomlmmtt. 

Rev.  T.  Clarke,    Head-Maatership,   Bodaun 

Grammar  School. 
Rev.  J.  J.   Daniel,    Maaterahip,   Granuaar 

School,  Probus,  Cornwall. 
Rev.  R.  D.  Dingle,  Mathematical  Mastcnhip, 

Diocesan  Training  School,  Durham. 
Rev.  E.  FJder,   Mastership,  Charter  Hoase 

School,  London. 
Rev.  J.  Glover,  Vice- Principal,  Grosvenor  Col- 
lege, Bath. 
Rev.  W.  S.  Grignon,  Prindpalahip,  ShaOald 

Collegiate  School. 
Rev.  H.  R.  P.  Sandford,  one  of  H.M.  AaaistaBt 

Inspectors  of  Schools. 
J.  Porter,  B.  A.  Second  Mastership,  Proprietary 

School,  Great  Yarmouth. 


Rev.  F.  J.  Abbot,  Precentorship.  High  Church, 

Hull. 
Rev.  C  Hawkins,  Afternoon  Lecturer,  Floand- 

ling  Hospital,  for  August,  Septeoiber.  aad 

October. 
Rev.  A.  Povah,  Lectureship,  SI.  Aadrew-Ua- 

dershaft,  London. 
Rev.  T.  G.  White,  Asstotant-Mlaister,  IMalty 

Chapel,  Turriff,  N.B. 


BIRTHS. 


April  n .    At  Bombay,  lady  Tardlef ,  a  wa. 
— 96.  At  Spencer  Wood,  Upper  GaaBda,  th» 


Countess  of  Elgin,  a  son. 
Map  4.  At  Edinburgh,  the  Baa.  MiP.' 

Maule.adau. 10.  AtWtadavhdl 

thewifeofDr.  LoTriLadr- ^  •" 

crescent,  the  Vtoooaaieai 
19.  AtBmeUcutle.In~ 
R.  A.  Blackttt,  R.ir.  r 
strart,  St.  Jsnw* 
ArchbMMp  of 
96.  Arkwi 


18530 


Marriages, 


85 


——At  Beech  hoase,  Louichton,  the  wife  of 

Geone  Brackenbury  Berkeley,  esq.  a  dau. 

At  Ciewer  iodg^e,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Charles  Grant- 

liam  Scott,  a  son. 27.  In  Great  Cumberland 

street,  the  wife  of  Thomas  Chambers,  esq.  M.P. 

a  daa. in  Georg^e  st.  Edinbareb,  Lady  Scott 

Douf  las,  a  son. At  Bycroft,  Heref.  the  wife 

of  Henry  Oakeley,  esq.  R.N.  a  son  and  heir. 

Lady  Sebrijrht.  a  son. At  Hamp:itead, 

the  Hon.  Mrs.  Maurice  Drummond,  a  dau. 

At  Wadebridce,  Cornwall,  the  wife  of  Comm. 

B.  A.  Wake,  R.N.  a  dau. ^28.  In  Westbourne 

street,  the  wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  Everest,  a  son. 

W-   At  Stoke  colleg^e,  Suffolk,  the  wife  of 

J.  H.  E.  Elwea,  esq.  a  son  and  heir In  Upper 

Seymour  st.  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Brown  low 

Maitland,  a  son. 30-   In  Park  st.  Grosvenor 

square,  the  Lady  Olivia  Ossolston,  a  son. 

At  Staines,  Middlesex,  Mrs.  De  Long^ueville 

Gitlkrd,  a  dau. At  Lymingrtoo,  the  wife  of 

Oeonre  Foster  St.  Barbe,  esq.  a  son  and  heir. 

liie  wife  of  William  Garnett,  esq.  of  Under- 

clilTe  hall,  near  Bradford.  Yorksh.  twin-sons. 
June  1.    In  Cavendish  sq.  the  wife  of  Col. 

Thomas  Wood,  a  son. At  the  rectory.  Had- 

leii^,  Suffolk,  the  wife  of  the  Very  Rev.  Henry 
B.  Knox,  a  dan. ^3.  In  the  Cloisters,  West- 
minster, the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Cureton,  a 

dan. In  Vincent  sq.  Westminster,  the  wife 

of  the  Rev.  A.  Borradaile,  a  dau. 7.  At  Hal- 

naker,  Sussex,  the  wife  of  William  M.  Bridg^er, 

esq.  a  dau. 8.    In  Eaton  pi.  Mrs.  Farnham, 

a  son  and  heir. In  EarPs  terr.  Kensington, 

the  wife  of  J.  T.  Lonrman,  esq.  a  son. In 

Grosvenor  pi.  the  wife  of  E.  Holmes  Baldock, 

esq.  M.P.  a  son. 9.  The  Hon.  Mrs.  Frederick 

BvTon,  a  dau. At  Saltmarshe,  the  wife  of 

PniUp  Saltmarshe,  esq.  a  son. 11.  At  Hare- 

fteld  DOuse,  Lympstone,  Devon,  Mrs.  W.  H. 

Petnv,  a  son. 12.  In  Eaton  sq.  the  Countess 

of  Galloway,  a  son. At  Bellarena,  co.  Lon- 
donderry, the  wife  of  Sir  Fred.  W.  Heygate, 
Bart,  a  dau.       At  Yateley  hall,  Hants,  the 

wife  of  Henry  Parker  CoUett,  esq.  a  son. 

At  Streatham,  the  wife  of  Capt.  Drinkwater 

Bethune,  R.N.  a  son. 13.    At  Abbev  lodge. 

Regent's  park,  Mrs.  Ernest  Bunsen.  a  dau. 

14.    At  East  Dale,  Yorksh.  the  wife  of  Robert 

Raikes,  esq.  a  dau. At  Everingbam  park, 

the  wife  of  William  Constable  Maxwell,  esq.  a 

dan. 16.    At  Sydenham,  Kent,  the  wife  of 

James  Brotherton,  esq.  Receiver-Gen.  of  her 

Majesty's  Inland  Revenue,  a  son. 17.    At 

the  rectory.  Wake's  Colne,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  F. 

Grimston,  a  dau. 18.    At  Hyde  park  gate 

sooth,  Mrs.  Gilbert  Abbott  k  Beckett,  a  dau. 

19.    At  Gaddesden  park,  the  wife  of  Capt. 

L.G.  Paget,  R.H.  Art.  a  son. 21.  At  Norton 

hoose,  Stockton-on-Tees,  the  wife  of  JohnHogg, 
esq.  a  dan. 


MARRIAGES. 

Jfay  8.  At  Paddington,  the  Rev.  L.  G.  Clark, 
Eector  of  Kinnersley,  Herefordsh.  to  Lavinia, 
voangest  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut. -Gen.  Hors- 

4.  At  Dedbam,  the  Rev.  George  1.  Taylor ^ 
Cwrate  of  White  Colne.  son  of  the  Rev.  Geory^e 
Taylor.  D.C.L.  Lecturer  of  Dedham,  to  Chns- 
tiUft-Dorothy,  third  surviving  dau.  of  the  late 
Robert  Whaltey,  esq.  of  Brantham  hall,  Suffolk. 
a.  At  St  Mary's,  Battersea,  John  Alfred 
Iwtk,  esq.  snrgeon,  Salisbury,  to  Sarah-Mar- 
"     "est  dan.  of  W.  C  Finch,  esq.  M.D. 

hoose,  Wilts. At  Southwell, 

mq,  of  Carlton,  Suffolk,  eldest 

•iMk  esq.  of  Ballylooghlin,  co. 

'  'in.  of  the  late  Rev. 

Sonthwell. At 

—  William  Crme- 

'^vshire,  to 

-^. At 


Beeston,  Notts,  the  Rev.  William  Uopet  M.A. 
Vicar  of  St.  Peter's  w.  Normanton,  Derby,  to 
Hester,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  B. 
Williams,  Vicar  of  Llantrissant,  Glamorgansh. 
7.  At  St.  James's  Westminster,  the  Rirht 
Hon.  Lord  Ribbleidale,  to  Ellen,  dau.  of  Col. 

Mure,  M.P.  of  Caldwell. At  Hitchin,  Herts, 

the  Rev.  Henry  Hawkins^  Curate  of  Barking, 
Essex,  only  son  of  Francis  J.  Hawkins,  esq.  of 
Hastings,  to  Mary,  second  dau.  of  Frederic 
Hawkins,  esq.  of  Hitchin. 

9.  At  Helston,  Cornwall.  Francis  Tregon- 
well  JoktUf  esq.  of  Blandford,  Dorset,  to  Jane- 
Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  Glynn  Grylls,  esq. 

10.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sg.  the  Rev. 
Godfrey  Fauutettt  B.D.  Fellow  of  Magdalen 
coUefre,  Oxford,  second  son  of  the  Rev.  God- 
frey Faussett.  D.D.  of  Heppington.  Kent,  to 
Jemima-Anne-Amy,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
Thomas  Edward  Bridges,  D.D.  President  of 

Corpus  Christ!  college,  Oxford. At  Brixton, 

the  Rev.  Edward  Lamb,  son  of  the  late  Dean 
of  Bristol,  to  Rosa- Harriett,  youngest  dau.  of 
the  late  Benjamin  Pead,  esq.  of  llacton,  Essex. 

At  Bishopwearmouth,  Charles  Bfi/sie>*,esq. 

of  Saltwell  hall.  co.  Durham,  to  Ellen,  eldest 

dau.  of  C.  Ferguson,  esq.  of  Sunnislde. At 

Finchley,  Arthur-Eamund,  second  son  of  John 
Henry  Taylor,  esq.  of  Crouch  hill  and  Parlia- 
ment street,  to  Charlotte-Maria,  only  dau.  of 

Frederic   Gieenhill,  esq.  of  Finchley. At 

Rotherliam,  James  Kirke  Daurft^r,  esq.  of  Keal 
hall,  Spilsby,  Line,  youngest  son  ot  the  late 
Matthew  Dawber.  esq.  of  King's  Lynn,  to 
Rebecca,  youngest  dau.  of  William  Favell,esq. 

At  Buxhall,  Suffolk,  William  Edward  Sur- 

tees,  esq.  to  Caroline,  widow  of  Lieut. -Gen. 

Sir  Stephen  R.  Chapman. At  Croydon,  Wm. 

Brodrick^iun.  barnster-at-1aw,to  Louisa-Julia, 

dau.  of  Francis  Nalder.  esq.  of  Croydon. ^At 

Stoke,  the  Rev.  Richard  Dunning,  M.A-  Incum- 
bent of  Torpoint  Chapel,  son  of  the  late  Richard 
Dunning,  esq.  to  Amelia-Templer,  voungest 

dau.  of  the  late  Rear  Ad m.  Thomas  Wnlte. 

At  Thames  Ditton,  Edward  Atkinson,  esq.  of 
Sorbiton  hill,  to  Louisa,  second  dau.  of  S. 
Staniland,  esq.  of  Weston  green,  Surrey. 

11.  At  Wandsworth,  Hamilton  Earfe  Alex- 
ander Dwrii/ord,  Vice- Principal  of  St.  Thomas's 
college,  Colombo,  son  of  Col.  Durnford,  R.A. 
and  nephew  of  the  late  Gen.  Durnford,  RE.  to 
Eleonora-Wingfield,  third  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  Thomas    Hatch,   Vicar  of  Walton-on- 

Thames,   Surrey. At   Watford,    the   Rev. 

Fdward  Henry  Loriny,  MA.  Vlcarof  Cobham, 
Surrey,  to  Hannah-Adelaide,  youngest  dau.  of 
the  late  A.  C.  Marsh,  esq.  of  Eastbury,  Herts. 

At  Chelsea,  William  Edward  Btt/^r,  esq. 

late  of  the  14th  Light  Dragoons,  to  Ellen-EUsa- 
Mary,  only  surviving  dau.  of  William  Kent, 
esq.  and  granddau.  of  the  late  Judge  Baggs, 
of  Demerara. 

12.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  H.  F.  L. 
Aftley,  second  son  of  Sir  Francis  D.  Astlev, 
Bart,  to  Augusta-Ellen,  second  dau.  of  the  late 
James  Cockburn,  esq.  and  granddau.  of  the 
Dean  of  York. — At  St.  Clement's,  Cornwall, 
Henry,  second  son  of  Major  J.  Race  Oodfirw, 
E.I.Cs.  to  Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  W. 
Polwhele,  Vicar  of  St.  Anthony.  Helstone,  and 

niece  to  Major  R.  G.  Polwhele,of  Polwhele. 

At  Clapham,  Edgar  Alfred  Bowring,  esq.  fourth 
son  of  Dr.  Bownng,  late  H.M.  Plenipotentiary 
in  China,  to  Sophia,  third  dau.  of  Thos.  Cubitt, 

esq.    of  Clapham   park  and  Denbies. At 

Bourne,  Lincolnshire,  the  Rev.  Alfred  Cooper, 
Curate  of  Newchurch,  Isle  of  Wight,  second 
son  of  J.  Sutton  Cooper,  esq.  of  Finchley.  to 
Marianne,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  William 

Hardwicke,  esq,  of  Dyke,  Line. At  King- 

swinford,  George  Dudley,  e-^q.  of  Gothersley, 
Staff,  to  Sydney-Stone,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  Samuel  Stone  Briscoe,  esq.  of  SuramerhlM. 


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87 


OBITUARY. 


Thb  Ea/ll  of  Dccib. 

Jmm€  S,  At  Tortworth  Court,  Glouces- 
tenhire,  aged  51,  the  Right  Hon.  Henry 
George  Frmiicu  Reynolds-Moreton,  second 
Eui  of  Docie  end  Baron  Moreton,  of 
Tortworth  (1B37),  and  fifth  Baron  Docie 
(1763). 

His  Lordahip  was  bom  in  London  on 
the  8th  May,  1802,  and  was  the  eldest 
eon  of  Thomas  the  first  Earl,  by  Lady 
Franoea  Herbert,  only  daughter  of  Henry 
first  Earl  of  Camarron. 

On  the  election  of  the  parliament  of 
1831,  ou  the  e?e  of  the  enactment  of 
Reform,  Mr.  Moreton  was  elected  one  of 
the  knights  for  Gloucestershire,  in  the 
place  of  Lord  Robert  Somerset,  the  former 
Tory  member,  who  had  sat  from  the  year 
1803.  At  the  general  election  of  1832  he 
was  chosen  for  the  Elastern  division  of  the 
county,  and  his  brother  the  Hon.  Augustus 
H.  Moreton  for  the  Western  division,  the 
poll  for  the  former  being  as  follows  : — 

Sir  Berkeley  Wm.  Guise,  Bart.  3311 
Hon.  Henry  G.  F.  Moreton  .3184 
Christ.  Wm.Codrington,  esq.  .   2672 

At  the  election  of  1835  he  resigned  his 
seat  to  his  brother  the  Hon.  Augustus  H. 
Moreton,  who  kept  it  until  the  dissolution 
of  1841,  when  the  Protectionist  policy 
prerentCNd  his  re-election. 

Mr.  Moreton  succeeded  his  father  in  the 
peerage  on  the  22d  June,  1840.  On  the 
24th  July,  1846,  he  was  appointed  a  Lord 
of  Waiting  to  the  Queen,  which  office  he 
resigned  in  Dec.  1847. 

I^rd  Ducie  was  a  liberal  patron  to  agri- 
culture, and  well  known  as  the  inventor 
of  the  Ducie  cultivator  and  many  other 
agricultural  implements  now  extensively 
used;  also  as  a  breeder  of  stock  of  un- 
equalled excellence;  and  also  through  the 
Whitfield  Example  Farm.  Lord  Ducie 
was  President  of  the  Royal  Agricultural 
Society  for  the  year  now  ending.  He  was 
a  staunch  advocate  of  free  tra  Je  principles 
in  the  House  of  TiOrds  at  a  time  when, 
with  the  exception  of  Lords  Radnor,  Fitz- 
William,  and  Kinnaird,  they  were  not 
avowed  by  any  other  peer,  and  bis  extensive 
connection  with  agriculture  added  much  to 
the  weight  of  his  influence,  given  as  it  was 
entirely  to  obtain  a  repeal  of  the  corn  laws. 
In  the  com  law  debates  Carl  Ducie  was  an 
able  and  frequent  speaker.  As  a  landlord 
be  was  extremely  popular,  not  a  single  ap- 
plication having  been  m^de  by  his  tenants 
for  a  reduction  of  rent.  During  his  father^s 
life,  when  Lord  Moreton,  he  mixed  much 


with,  and  was  an  active  member  of,  sport- 
ing and  fashionable  circles,  having  been  a 
master  of  fox -hounds  for  several  years ; 
for  the  last  fourteen  or  fifteen  years,  how- 
ever, his  tastes  had  quite  changed,  and  he 
became  a  zealous  promoter  of  temperance 
and  popular  ameliorative  movements,  and 
he  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  Evan- 
gelical Alliance. 

He  married,  June  29,  182G,  the  Hon. 
Elizabeth  Dutton,  eldest  daughter  of  the 
present  Lord  Sherborne ;  and  by  that  lady, 
who  survives  him,  he  had  issue  fifteen 
children,  eleven  sons  and  four  daughters, 
all  of  whom  but  one  are  living.  Their 
order  of  birth  is  as  follows :  1.  Henry- 
John,  now  Earl  of  Ducie  ;  2.  the  Hon. 
Herbert  Augustus  Moreton,  Lieut  R.N. ; 
3.  the  Hon.  Algernon-Thomas  Moreton, 
Cornet  15th  Hussars  ;  4.  Lady  Georgina 
Mary  Louisa  ;  5.  Seymour-Thomas,  died 
in  1834  ;  G.  Hon.  Berkeley-Basil;  7.  Hon. 
Reynolds ;  8.  lion.  Howard ;  9.  Hon. 
Wyndham-Percy ;  10.  Hon.  Seymour  ; 
11.  Lady  Alice;  V2,  Lady  Eleanor;  13. 
Hon.  Richard- Charles  ;  14.  Hon.  Mat- 
thew-Henry ;  and  15.  Lady  Evelyn. 

The  present  Earl  was  bom  in  1H27,  and 
married  in  1849  his  cousin  Julia,  daughter 
of  James  Haughton  Langston,  esq.  M.P. 
for  Oxford,  by  Lady  Julia  Moreton ;  by 
whom  he  has  issue  a  daughter.  His  Lord- 
ship has  been  M.P.  for  Stroud  in  the  pre- 
sent parliament. 

The  body  of  the  late  Lord  Ducie  was 
interred  in  Tortworth  church  in  a  strictly 
private  manner.  His  portrait  was  pub- 
lished in  the  Illustrated  London  News, 
No.  569. 


General  Lord  Dacrk,  CB. 

June  '2.  In  Great  Cumberland  Place,  in 
his  76th  year,  the  Right  Hon.  Henry 
Otway  Brand-Trevor,  Baron  Dacre  of  Gil- 
lesland,  in  Cumberland  (by  writ  1307),  a 
General  in  the  army,  Colonel  of  the  31st 
Foot,  and  C.B. 

His  Lordship  was  born  on  the  27th 
July,  1777,  the  younger  son  of  Thomas 
Brand,  esq.  of  the  Hoo,  co.  Hertford,  by 
Gertrude  Baroness  Uacre,  daughter  of  the 
Hon.  Charles  Roper,  sister  and  heir  of 
Trevor- Charles  Baron  Dacre,  and  great- 
granddaughter  of  Thomas  Lcnnard,  Baron 
Uacre  aud  Earl  of  Sussex. 

He  entered  the  array  as  Ensign  in  the 
Coldstream  Guards  the  27th  April,  1793, 
became  Lieutenant  and  Captain  in  1795, 
Captain  and  Lieut.-Colonel  IHOG.  He 
served  in  Flanders  in  1793,  1794,  1795. 


88 


Obituary. — Sir  Charles  Abraham  Elton,  Bart.       [July, 


and  at  CopeDhagen  in  1807.  He  was  in 
the  Peninsula  with  the  let  battalion  of  the 
Coldstream  Gaards  from  1808  to  1812, 
with  a  slight  intermission.  He  commanded 
the  regiment  at  the  battle  of  Salamanca, 
for  which  he  received  the  gold  medal ;  he 
also  had  the  silver  medal  fbr  his  lenrices 
at  Talavera,  Busaco,  and  Salamanca,  and 
in  1815  was  pominated  a  Companion  of 
the  Bath. 

He  became  a  Colonel  in  the  army  on 
the  King's  birthday  in  1814,  and  on  the 
25th  Jaly  following  was  promoted  to 
Lieat.- Colonel  of  the  Coldstream  Guards. 
He  attained  the  rank  of  Major-General  in 
1821,  and  that  of  Lieat-General  in  1837. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  the 
31st  Foot  in  1847  ;  and  attained  the  full 
rank  of  Greneral  in  1851. 

He  assumed  the  additional  name  of 
Trevor  (and  his  eldest  son  the  name  of 
Trevor  only)  in  the  year  1824,  in  pursu- 
ance of  the  will  of  John  third  and  last 
Viscount  Hampden  :  being  descended 
from  that  family  through  his  maternal 
grandmother,  Gertrude,  sister  and  co-heir 
of  John  Trevor,  esq.  of  Glynde,  in  Sussex. 

On  the  2l8t  March,  1851,  he  succeeded 
to  the  peerage  on  the  death  of  his  elder 
brother  Thomas.  (See  our  Vol.  XXXV. 
p.  548.) 

His  Lordship  married  on  the  24th  July, 
1806,  Pyne,  second  daughter  of  the  late 
Hon.  and  Very  Rev.  Maurice  Crosbie, 
Dean  of  Limerick,  and  sister  to  William 
4th  and  last  Lord  Brandon.  She  had  pre- 
viously been  the  wife  of  Sir  John  Gordon, 
of  Park,  Bart  from  whom  she  was  divorced 
shortly  before  her  second  marriage.  By 
this  lady,  who  died  on  the  11th  Jan.  1844, 
the  subject  of  this  memoir  had  issue  three 
ions  and  four  daughters  :  1.  the  Hon. 
Pyne-Jessy,  married  first  in  1828  to  John 
Henry  CottereU,  esq.  eldest  son  of  the  late 
Sir  John  Geers  CottereU,  Bart,  (by  whom 
fhe  is  mother  to  the  present  Sir  Henry 
Greers  CottereU,  Bart.),  and  secondly  in 
1845  to  GranviUe  Harcourt  Vernon,  esq. 
late  M.P.  for  East  Retford,  sixth  son  of 
the  late  Archbishop  of  York  ;  2.  the  Hon. 
Julia,  married  in  1824  to  Samuel  Charles 
Whitbread,  eeq.  second  son  of  the  late 
Samuel  Whitbread,  esq.  and  nephew  to  the 
late  Earl  Grey,  K.G. ;  3.  Thomas- Crosbie- 
WiUiam,  now  Lord  Dacre  ;  4.  Henry,  who 
died  in  1 8 1 4 ;  5.  the  Hon.  Gertrude,  married 
in  1831  to  Sir  George  Hamilton  Seymour, 
G.C.B.  and  G.C.H.  (grandson  of  the  first 
Marquess  of  Hertford),  now  Ambassador 
at  St.  Petersburgh  ;  6.  the  Hon.  Frederica- 
Mary  Jane  Brand ;  7.  the  Hon.  Henry 
Bouverie  William  Brand,  M.P.  for  Lewes, 
and  late  private  secretary  to  the  Right  Hon. 
Sir  George  Grey:  he  married  in  1838 
Eliza,  daughter  of  Lieut. -General  Robert 
11 


EUice,  and  has  issue  two  sons  and  four 
daughters.  He  succeeds  to  the  Sussex 
estates  of  the  family  of  Trevor  of  Glynde. 
The  present  Lord  Dacre  was  bom  in 
1B08,  and  married  in  1837  Susan-Sophia, 
eldest  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Charles  Comp- 
ton  Cavendish,  M.P.  for  Buckinghamshire, 
uncle  to  the  Earl  of  Burlington,  but  by 
that  lady  (who  is  a  Bedchamber  Woman  to 
her  Majesty)  he  has  no  issue.  His  Lord- 
ship was  M.JP.  for  Hertfordshire  from  1847 
to  1852. 


Sir  Charles  Abraham  Elton,  Bart. 

June  1.  At  Bath,  at  the  house  of  his 
son-in-law  the  Rev.  E.  D.  TinUng,  in  his 
75th  year.  Sir  Charles  Abraham  Elton, 
the  sixth  Baronet,  of  Clevedon  Court, 
Somerset,  (1717)  Lieut.-Colonel  of  the 
2nd  Somerset  Militia,  a  magistrate  and 
Deputy  Lieutenant  of  that  county. 

He  was  born  in  Bristol  on  the  3ist  Oct. 
1778,  the  only  son  of  the  Rev.  Sir  Abra- 
ham Elton  the  fifth  Baronet,  by  his  first 
wife  Elizabeth,  eldest  daughter  of  Sir  John 
Durbin,  Knt.  alderman  of  Bristol. 

He  was  educated  at  Eton,  which  he  left 
at  15  with  a  commission  in  the  48  th  Foot. 
He  rose  to  a  captaincy  in  that  r^roent, 
with  the  character  of  an  energetic  and 
efficient  officer,  and  afterwards  became 
Colonel  of  the  Somerset  Militia. 

Retaining  the  taste  for  classical  poetry 
which  he  had  imbibed  at  school,  he  pub- 
lished a  volume  of  Poems  in  1804,  8vo. ; 
in  1809  *'  The  Remains  of  Hesiod,  trans- 
lated into  English  verse,"  and  in  1810  a 
third  volume  entitled  **  Tales  of  Romance, 
with  other  Poems." 

At  a  subsequent  period  he  published  in 
1822  "  The  Brothers,  a  Monody ;  and 
other  Poems."  The  principal  piece  in  this 
volume  was  occasioned  by  the  melancholy 
accident  which  in  1819  befel  his  two  elder 
sons,  who  were  both  drowned  whUe  bathing 
near  Birnbeck  Island,  in  the  Bristol 
Channel. 

But  Mr.  Elton's  most  important  work 
was  his  "  Specimens  of  the  Classic  Poets, 
in  a  chronological  series  from  Homer  to 
Tryphiodorus :  translated  into  English 
verse,  1814."  3  vols.  8vo.  This  collection 
contains  passages  from  sixty  ancient  poets, 
viz.  33  Greek  and  27  Latin.  The  style  is 
pure  and  free  from  affectation ;  and  in  the 
translation  Sir  Charles  Elton  succeeded 
very  weU  in  catching  the  manner  of  the 
various  poets  without  any  mannerism  of 
his  own.  His  characters  of  the  poets, 
prefixed  to  each  specimen,  are  written  in 
a  spirit  of  nicely  discriminative  criticism. 
An  excellent  critique  on  this  valuable  work 
wiU  be  found  in  the  Quarterly  Review,  vol. 
xiii.  151-8. 

Sir  Charles  was  also  the  author  of  a 


1853.]     Obituary. — Sir  Montagu  Z.  Chapmauy  Bart. 


89 


HiftoiT  of  the  Roman  Emperors,  and  of 
S0OODd  Thoughts  on  the  Person  of  Christ; 
and  he  had  heen  a  contributor  to  the  Edin- 
bni^  Review. 

Sir  Charles  Elton  succeeded  to  the  dig- 
nit?  of  a  Baronet  on  the  decease  of  his 
father,  who  died  at  the  advanced  age  of  87, 
on  the  23rd  Feb.  1843.  (See  our  vol. 
ZTii.  p.  665.) 

He  had  latterly  lived  in  much  retirement, 
and  mingled  little  in  public  business  or 
politics,  though  he  was  strongly  attached 
to  the  Whig  party,  and  at  one  time  spoke 
on  the  Westminster  hustings  as  the  sup- 
porter of  Sir  Samuel  Romilly  and  Sir 
John  Hobhouse.  His  frankheartedness, 
benevolence,  and  integrity  endeared  him 

Sntly  to  the  rather  limited  circle  of  his 
ends. 

He  married  in  1804  Sarah,  eldest  dau. 
of  Joseph  Smith,  esq.  merchant,  of  Bristol, 
by  whom  he  had  issue  five  sons  and  eight 
daughters.  The  former  were,  1.  Abra- 
ham, and  2.  Charles,  drowned  as  before- 
mentioned  in  1819 ;  3.  Sir  Arthur  Hallam 
Elton,  who  has  succeeded  to  the  Baro- 
netcy ;  4.  Edmund  William,  who  married 
in  1845  Lucy-Maria,  second  daughter  of 
the  Rev.  John  Morgan  Rice,  of  Brighton, 
and  Tooting,  Surrey,  and  was  left  a 
wklower,  wiSi  one  son,  in  1846 ;  and  5. 
Henry-George-Tierney.  The  daughters 
were,  1.  Jnlia-Elixabeth,  married  in  1836 
to  Thomas  Clements  Parr,  esq.  barrister- 
at-iaw;  S.  Caroline- Lucy,  married  in  1844 
to  Thomas  Onesiphorus  Tyndall,  esq.  of 
the  Fort,  Bristol ;  3.  Lucy-Caroline,  mar- 
ried in  1828  to  the  Rev.  W.  Tierney  Elton, 
Rector  of  White  Stanton,  Somersetshire, 
third  son  of  Isaac  Elton,  esq.  of  Staple- 
ton  House,  CO.  Glouc. ;  4.  Laura-Mary, 
married  in  1840  to  Charles  Samuel  Grey, 
esq.  second  son  of  the  late  Hon.  Sir  Geo. 
Gny,  Bart,  and  died  in  1848,  leaving  a 
nnmerous  family;  5.  Catharine- Maria, 
married  in  1841  to  the  Rev.  Edward 
Donglas  Tinling,  M.A.  Student  of  Christ 
Church,  son  of  the  late  Rear- Admiral 
TinHng ;  6.  Maria- Catherine,  married  in 
1833  to  G.  Robins,  esq. ;  7.  Mary-Eliza- 
beth, married  to  Frederick  Elton,  esq.  and 
died  in  1841  ;  and  8.  Jane-Octavia,  mar- 
ried in  1841  to  the  Rev.  William  H. 
Brookfield,  M.A.  one  of  her  Majesty's 
Inipectort  of  Schools. 

Sir  C.  A.  Elton's  funeral  took  place  on 
the  7th  June,  at  Clevedon  church,  Somer- 
set ;  when  his  body  was  followed  to  the 
grave  by  two  of  his  sons,  his  sons-in-law, 
his  brother  Capt  Henry  Elton,  R.N.,  and 
hia  brother-in-law  Mr.  Hallam  the  His- 
torian. 

The  present  Baronet  was  born  in  1818 ; 
and  married  in  1841  Rhoda-Susan,  dau. 
of  the  late  Jamea  Willis,  esq.  of  Hampton 

GxKT.  Mao.  Vol.  XL. 


Court  Palace,  and  widow  of  Capt.  Jamea 
Baird,  of  the  15th  Hussars.  He  unsuc- 
cessfiilly  contested  East  Somerset,  on  the 
Liberal  interest,  at  the  last  election. 


Sir  Montagu  L.  Chapman,  Bart. 

May  17,  1853.  At  sea,  on  the  coast  of 
Australia,  aged  45,  Sir  Montagu  Lowther 
Chapman,  the  third  Baronet,  of  St.  Lucy's, 
CO.  Westmeath  (1782). 

He  was  born  in  Dec.  1808,  the  second 
son  of  Sir  Thomas  the  second  Baronet,  of 
Killoa  castle,  co.  Westmeath,  by  Margaret, 
daughter  of  James  Fetherston,  esq.  of 
Bracklin  castle,  in  the  same  county. 

In  1830  Mr.  Chapman  (his  father  being 
then  alive)  became  a  candidate  for  the 
county  of  Westmeath  on  extreme  liberal 
principles,  and  he  was  returned  to  the  ex- 
clusion of  the  former  member,  Mr.  Tuite, 
the  poll  terminating  as  follows — 

Gustavus  Rochfort,  esq.     .     .     .  334 

Montagu  Lowther  Chapman,  esq.  319 

Hugh  Morgan  Tuite,  esq.  .     .     .  189 

— ^—  Deane,  esq 30 

In  1831  he  was  re-elected  without  op- 
position ;  but  in  183S  he  stood  a  contest, 
when  the  numbers  were — 

Montagu  L.  Chapman,  esq.  .  385 

Sir  Richard  Nagle,  Bart.     .  .  381 

Ghistavus  Rochfort,  esq.      .  •  338 

Gustavus  Lambert,  esq.  •     .  .  159 

At  the  election  of  1835  Uiere  was  no 
opposition  to  the  return  of  the  former 
members  ;  but  at  that  of  1837  there  was 
again  a  contest,  which  terminated  thus — 

Sir  Montagu  L.  Chapman,  Bart.  804 

Sir  Richard  Nagle,  Bart.     .     .  789 

Richard  Handcock,  esq.      .     .  393 

Sir  Richard  Levinge  ....  388 

At  the  election  of  1841  Sir  Montagu  re* 
signed  his  seat  in  favour  of  his  brother, 
Benjamin  Chapman,  esq. 

He  succeeded  to  the  baronetcy  on  the 
death  of  his  father  in  1837,  and  served  the 
office  of  high  sheriff  for  the  county  of  West- 
meath in  1844. 

Sir  Montagu  Chapman  purchased  a  very 
large  estate  in  Australia  with  the  purpose 
of  settling  upon  it  such  of  his  Irish 
tenantry  as  might  be  disposed  to  emigrate 
to  that  country ;  and,  with  the  object  of 
promoting  their  interests,  he  took  hia 
voyage  thither.  A  vessel  in  which  he  waa 
sailing  from  Melbourne  to  Sydney  in  May 
last  has  not  been  heard  of  since  its  de- 
parture from  the  former  port.*  A  year 
having  now  elapsed,  and  all  efforts  to  dis- 

*  Another  account  states  that  Sir  Mon- 
tagu died  at  sea,  on  a  passage  from  Mel- 
bourne to  Sydney,  in  February  of  the  pre* 
sent  year. 

N 


90 


-S'lV  J.  D.  Wheeler-Cuffe,  Bt^^Sir  John  Hope,  Si.      [July, 


oOTer  aoy  traces  of  him  htTing  failed,  his 
death  haa  been  announced  as  having  oc- 
curred on  the  17  th  of  May,  1852,  and  his 
brother,  now  Sir  Benjamin  James  Chap- 
man, enters  into  possession  of  his  extensive 
estates  in  Ireland  and  Australia.  He  was 
bom  in  1810,  and  is  married  to  Maria, 
daughter  of  Richard  Fetherstonhaugh, 
esq.  Sir  Benjamin  was  M.P.  for  West- 
meath  from  1841  to  1847. 


Sia  Jonah  D.  Whbelbr-Cupfb,  Bart. 

May  9.  At  Lejrath,  co.  Kilkenny,  in  his 
88th  year,  Sir  Jonah  Denny  Wheeler-Cuffe, 
Bart,  a  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  co.  Kilkenny. 

He  was  the  son  of  Sir  Richard  Wheeler, 
Knt.  who  assumed  the  name  of  Cnffe,  by 
the  eldest  daughter  of  Eland  Mossom,  esq. 
of  Eland,  CO.  Kilkenny;  and  was  descended 
from  the  Right  Rev.  Jonah  Wheeler,  D.D. 
who  was  consecrated  Bifhop  of  Ossory  in 
1613. 

He  was  created  a  Baronet  of  the  king- 
dom of  Ireland  October  1,  1799.' 

He  married  Miss  Browne,  daughter  of 
William  Browne,  esq.  of  Browne's  Hill, 
CO.  Carlow,  and  granddaughter  (mater- 
nally) of  the  Right  Hon.  and  Most  Rer. 
Joseph  Deane,  third  Earl  of  Mayo,  Lord 
Archbishop  of  Tuam :  by  whom  he  had 
issue  two  sons,  William  and  Charles,  and 
five  daughters,  of  whom  Prances-Letitia 
was  married  in  1846  to  Charles  W.  Tupper, 
esq.  of  the  7  th  Fusiliers,  and  Eleanor  in 
1840  to  Richard- Wheeler,  esq.  of  the 
Rooks,  Kilkenny. 

He  is  succeeded  in  his  title  by  his  son, 
now  Sir  William  Cuffe. 


Sir  John-  Hope,  Bart.  M.P. 

June  5.  At  the  residence  of  his  son 
Hugh  Hope,  esq.  in  Gloucester- terrace, 
Hyde  Park,  in  his  73rd  year.  Sir  John 
Hope,  llth  Baronet,  of  Craig  hall,  co. 
Fife  (1628),  and  of  Pinkie  House,  in  the 
county  of  Edinburgh  or  Mid- Lothian, 
Vice-Lieutenant  of  that  county,  and  its 
representative  in  Parliament.  Sir  John 
was  also  Lieut.-Colonel  Commandant  of 
th»  Royal  Midlothian  Yeomanry  Cavalry, 
Deputy-Governor  of  the  Royal  Bank  of 
Scotland,  &c. 

He  was  bom  at  Pinkie  House  on  13th 
April  1781,  and  was  the  eldest  son  of 
Sir  Archibald  Hope  the  ninth  Baronet, 
by  his  second  wife  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
John  Patoun,  esq.  of  Inveresk.  He  suc- 
ceeded to  the  baronetcy  on  the  death  of 
his  half-brother  Sir  Thomas  Hope  on  26th 
June  1801,  and  thus  became  chief  or  head 
of  the  Scotiyh  family  of  Hope,  of  which 
the  Earl  of  Hopetoun  represents  a  junior 
branch. 

Sir  John  was  first  elected  to  Parliament 
in  June  1845,  on  the  retirement  of  Wm. 


Ramsay  Ramsay,  esq.  from  the  ropreiin- 
Ution  of  Midlothian,  and  he  was  reeboMB 
in  1847  and  1852,  on  each  occasion  with- 
out opposition.  His  political  prindplta 
were  strictly  Conservative. 

Sir  John  Hope  married,  on  17th  JmM 
1805,  Anne,  youngest  daughter  of  Sir 
John  Wedderbum,  Bart,  of  Balindean,  by 
his  second  wife  Alicia,  daughter  of  Jamet 
Dondas,  of  Dnndas,  who  surtiTet  him; 
and  had  issue  eight  sons  and  two  davi^tefit 
Alicia  and  Elisabeth.  The  soni  were,  1. 
Sir  Archibald,  his  successor;  9.  John- 
David  ;  3.  Thomas,  CapUin  R.N. ;  4. 
Hugh,  who  married  in  1848  CmtheriM, 
youngest  daughter  of  the  late  Uenl.- 
Colonel  Archibald  Spens  of  Manor  Houea 
Inveresk,  H.E.I.C;  5.  William,  C^itun 
7l8t  regiment;  6.  James- Wedderbuni, 
an  officer  in  the  S6th  Bombay  Natire  In- 
fantry, who  died  in  1846;  7.  Aleiander, 
H.E.I.C.  Civil  Service,  Bengal;  and  8. 
Charles-Augustus,  Rector  of  Barwick-ui- 
Elmet,  county  York. 

The  funeral  of  the  late  Baronet  took 

?Uoe  on  llth  June,  in  the  churchyard  of 
nveresk,  in  which  parish  the  fkimUy  reii- 
dence  of  Pinkie  House  is  aituate. 

The  present  Baronet  vraa  bom  in  1808, 
and  is  Major  of  the  Midlothian  militin, 
and  a  Deputy  Lieut  of  the  connty  of 
Edinburgh. 

Libut.-Gen.  Sir  R.  Abbuthnot,  K.CB. 

Mmy  6.  At  the  house  of  his  aon-in-law 
the  Rev.  R.  H.  Feilden,  Bonehnrch,  UU 
of  Wight,  aged  80,  Lient-General  Sir 
Robert  Arbuthnot,  K.aB.  and  K.T«8. 
Colonel  of  the  76th  regiment,  and  a  Brig- 
adier-General in  the  Portuguese  aerrieeb 

He  was  the  fourth  son  of  John  ArlmUi- 
not,  esq.  of  Rockfleet  Caatle,  co.  Mayo, 
by  the  only  daughter  of  John  Stone,  eaq. 
banker  in  London,  and  niece  to  the  Ri^it 
Rev.  George  Stone,  Archbishop  of  Ar- 
magh, and  Primate  of  Ireland. 

Of  his  elder  brother,  the  Right  Hon. 
Charles  Arbuthnot,  a  memoir  will  be 
found  in  our  Magazine  for  Oct  1850,  aad 
one  of  his  younger  brother,  Lieut-General 
Sir  Thomaa  Arbuthnot,  K.CB.  Colonel  of 
the  7 1  St  H  ighlanders,  in  that  for  Apr.  1849. 

He  entered  the  army  aa  Comet  in  the 
23rd  Dragoons,  Jan.  1,  1797,  hrwa 
Lieutenant  on  the  1st  Jnne  in  the  Mone 
year,  and  Adjutant  in  July  1798. 

He  served  in  Ireland  during  the  rebel* 
lion  in  1798,  including  the  fight  with  the 
French  invaders  at  Ballynahinch  on  the 
8th  September.  He  was  appointed  Ai^ 
de-camp  to  General  Wilford ;  and  in  Aqg . 
1 802  became  a  Captain,  and  was  placed  on 
half-pay  at  the  reduction  of  his  reginieat  at 
the  doae  of  that  year.  He  was  reinirtalid 
to  (Ul  pay  in  theSOth  Light  DngommtSMk 


IMS.]     Li.' Gin.  Sir  R.  Arbuihnot.^  Vtce-Adm.  Sir  F.  Mason.    91 


Mtrdii,  1809,  to  wliieh  period  he  remiined 
on  General  Wilford's  sUff.  In  1806  be 
•eeotopenied  his  regiment  in  Sir  David 
Baird'a  expedition  to  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  and  was  present  at  its  capture. 
He  proceeded  from  thence  to  Sooth 
Ameiici  on  the  staff  of  Lord  Beresford, 
and  was  present  in  the  battle  previous 
to  the  sorrender  of  Buenos  Ayres,  and  in 
two  engagements  before  its  recapture  by 
the  Spaniards.  He  was  subsequently  fbr 
15  months  a  prisoner.  On  his  return  he 
senred  on  the  staff  of  Lord  Beresford  as 
military  secretary  in  the  island  of  Madeira, 
and  anbaequently  went  with  his  Lordship 
to  Portugal,  where  he  beoame  Town  Major 
of  Lisbon,  after  its  evacuation  by  the 
F^rench.  He  served  in  the  campaign  of 
1806  nnder  Sir  John  Moore,  and  was  pre> 
sent  at  the  battle  of  Corunna.  On  the  16th 
March  1809  he  exchanged  to  the  Chasseurs 
Britanniqnes,  and  shortly  after  obtained 
the  ranic  of  Major  in  the  British  service, 
and  that  of  Lieut-Col.  in  the  Portuguese. 

He  served  during  the  campaigns  of  1 809, 
1810  and  1811,  including  the  battle  of 
Bosaco,  the  siege  of  Oliven^a,  the  first 
riege  of  Badajox,  and  the  battle  of  Albu- 
bera,  of  the  last  of  which  he  brought  home 
the  dispatches,  and  was  in  consequence 
appointed  Lieut-Colonel  in  the  British 
service,  on  the  2!2nd  May.  In  1812  he 
was  present  at  the  seige  of  Cuidad  Rodrigo 
and  Badajoz ;  and  afterwards  accompanied 
the  army  back  to  the  north,  where  he  was 
present  with  it  at  the  capture  of  Sala- 
manca, and  the  subsequent  operations 
against  Marshal  Marmont,  when  the  enemy 
was  forced  to  cross  the  Douro  at  Torde- 
siUas.  At  this  period  ill-health,  brought 
on  by  fatigue,  made  his  return  to  England 
necessary ;  and  he  did  not  rejoin  the  army 
until  the  autumn  of  1813,  when  he  was 
present  at  the  battles  of  the  Nivelle  and 
Nive,  at  Orthes,  at  the  surrender  of  Bor- 
deaux, and  lastly  at  Toulouse.  He  also 
sabaequently  served  in  Flanders,  and  was 
present  at  Waterloo. 

On  the  enlargement  of  the  Order  of  the 
BaUi  in  Jan.  1815,  he  was  nominated  a 
iCnight  Commander. 

He  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Colonel 
in  1821,  Major-General  in  1830,  Lieut- 
General  in  Nov.  1841  ;  and  was  appointed 
to  the  command  of  the  76th  foot  in  1843. 

He  married  the  only  child  of  William 
Tesey,  esq.  of  Farmill,  in  Ireland. 

Vicx-Adm.  SiuFnANCis  Mason,  K.C.B. 

Jlisy  27.  At  Eastbourne,  aged  74,  Vice- 
Admiral  Sir  Francis  Mason,  K.C.B.  of 
Wheler  Lodge,  Leicestershire. 

This  officer  was  bom  at  Bow,  in  Mid- 
dlesex, in  1 779.  He  entered  the  service 
IB  17S^  on  board  the  Rusiell  74,  one  of 


the  fleet  engaged  in  the  actions  of  28  and 
29  May  and  1  June  1794  and  93  June 
1795.  In  the  summer  of  1796  he  removed 
to  the  Impetueux  74  ;  and  in  1798  to  the 
Phaeton  38.  On  the  8th  July,  1 799,  he  was 
made  Lieutenant  in  the  Alecto  sloop,  and  in 
the  same  capacity  he  served  in  the  Beaver 
sloop  and  Ronmey  50,  in  the  North  Sea, 
Baltic,  Red  Sea  (where  he  was  much  em- 
ployed in  sunreying),  and  the  East  Indies. 
He  was  made  Commander  in  1802,  and 
in  Dec.  1803  was  appointed  to  the  Rattler 
sloop,  mounting  34  guns,  in  which  vessel 
he  came  into  very  frequent  and  warm  con- 
tact with  the  enemy  in  the  vicinity  of 
Flushing.  On  one  occasion  in  particular, 
May  16,  1804,  he  united  with  the  Cruixsr 
18,  Capt.  John  Hancock,  and  by  his  con- 
duct gained  the  highest  praise  of  Sir  Was, 
Sidney  Smith,  in  a  gallant  attack  upon  a 
flotilla  of  praams,  schooners,  &c.  in  all  59 
sail,  which  was  passing  along  shore  from 
Flushing  to  Ostend.  On  this  occasion  the 
Rattler  lost  two  men  killed  and  two 
wounded. 

In  July  1806  he  was  superseded  from 
the  Rattler,  in  consequence  of  his  promo- 
tion to  post  rank  ;  and  was  soon  appointed 
to  the  Daphne  20,  in  which  he  served  in 
the  capture  of  Monte  Video,  and  in  all  the 
operations  which  had  preceded  the  eva- 
cuation of  South  America.  He  afterwards 
proceeded  to  the  Baltic,  where,  among 
other  vessels,  he  captured  in  Aug.  1807 
the  Danish  national  schooner  Acertif.  In 
Oct.  1809  he  was  appointed  to  the  Fisgard 
38,  part  of  the  force  employed  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Scheldt,  where  he  captured 
a  large  number  of  vessels,  among  which 
were  the  Juliana  Danish  privateer  of  6 
guns,  a  French  privateer  of  2  guns,  and 
56  sail  of  merchantmen.  He  also  de- 
stroyed the  Ziska  Danish  privateer  of 
6  guns. 

In  Feb.  181 1  he  accompanied  a  squadron 
under  Sir  Joseph  S.  Yorke  to  the  Tagus ; 
and,  after  conveying  a  Portuguese  ambas- 
sador to  Revel,  he  cruised  for  some  time 
off  Cherbourg.  From  March  1813  to 
May  1814,  he  was  in  command  of  the 
President  38,  in  which  he  was  present  at 
the  storming  of  St.  Sebastian.  On  the 
4th  June,  1815,  Capt.  Mason  was  nomi- 
nated a  Companion  of  the  Bath. 

In  Oct  1833  he  was  appointed  to  the 
Blanche  46,  and  in  the  next  month  to  the 
Blonde  of  the  same  force.  In  Feb.  1834 
he  sailed  for  Jamaica,  with  the  broad 
pendant  of  a  Commodore  of  a  Second 
Class,  and  having  landed  the  Marquess  of 
Sligo  and  his  family  at  Port  Royal,  he 
proceeded  to  South  America,  where  he 
assumed  the  duties  of  Commander-in- 
Chief,  on  the  death  of  Str  Michael  Sey- 
mour.   In  Feb.  1835  he  was  sai 


He  m  dcKOidcd  firon  CoL  NaUMud 
WkcduB,  Goreraor  of  PortoKMlh  and 
ILP.  for  Edinbusk,  oa  wlnv  the  FuIm. 
4ariD(  the  ProtecConte  settled  aa 
ivity  of  SOOI.  a- jcor  firoB  laada  of  ui- 
;  aad  it  is  irmarirahle  that  kis 


92  Sir  C.  Mmehod,r^M.^Gen.  WkHkamu^Sir  R.  B.  Cow^.  [July, 

by  Rear-Adm.  Sir  6.  E.  HaaMind,  Md  WWCkaa«aM«istnteiDr  tkeoouticaor 
retwned  to  his  former  position.  Ib  Oct. 
1837  he  returned  to  En^aad,  aad  in  Ae 
fbUoving  month  the  Bloade  vaa  paid  oC 
He  attained  flag  rank  Jane  S8, 1838 ;  and 
vaa  next  appointed  ia  1841  second  in 
eommand  on  the  Meditcnancan  ifaHon, 
whither  he  proceeded  with  his  lag  in  the 
Impregnable  104.  Prerionalj  to  his  de- 
naitnre  he  was  raised  to  the  dignity  of  a 
knight  Commander  of  the  Bath  on  the 
S4thAngnst.  On  his  anifal  in  the  Medi- 
tamnean  he  was  inYcaled  wii&  the  tempo- 
rary eommand  of  the  fleet,  conmsting  of 
twelve  saU  of  the  line,  which  he  letaiMd 
nntfl  the  advent,  ia  April  1842,  of  Tier- 
Adm.  Sir  Edward  Owen.  He  retonwd 
to  Bnriand  in  May  1843  in  iionssrineact 
ol  a  rndnction  of  the  Meditefranesa  iMce; 
and  nbseqnently  remsined  on  halfway. 
Ho  was  proaMted  to  the  imk  of  Tiee- 
Adiuralinl851. 

PkevioBsly  to  reoemng    his  flag,  Sv 


Naval  Aide-de-Camp  to  Ki^g 
IV.in  1833;  in  which  he 
to  her  present  Maiesty*  and 

in  1837,  the  Captain's  good-aervice 


received  ^ho> 


Sir  Fleets  Mason  married,  April  16, 
1803,  the  Hon.  ScUna  Hood,  jriangiat 
daaghter  of  Henry  second  Viseonnt  Hood; 
and  by  that  Udy.  who  snrvifw  Use,  he 
hnd  issne  twelve  children.  HiseUeatoon, 
Charles,  a  midvhipmsn  RJi.  waa  kiat  in 
tte  Arab  sloop  of  war  in  Dee.  1823.    One 

lied,  in  1832,  Capt.  Hood  Richards,  of 
tho  Dragoon  Gaards. 

Lt.-Gsx.  Sin  CnAmLKs  Maclboo, 

15.  In  Seymonr-streei,  Fort- 
Lie«t.-Gcneral  Sir  Chaiks 
Madeod,  K.C.B.  of  the  Madras  army. 
Ha  was  a  cadet  of  the  year  1794,  and 
Colonel  of  the  34th  Native  In. 
.  in  1827. 
He  imcd  with  distinction  in  the  My- 
^n  of  1799  nnder  Lord  Harris, 
and  in  tkr  Mahratu  campaign  of  1803-4 
andrr  the  Duke  of  WeUington,  then  Ma- 
jor-Gcneral  WeUesley,  with  whom  he  waa 
prcaent  at  the  battle  of  Afgaam.  In  the 
Mahrattawar  of  1817-18  he  paiticnlarly 
drntiagvishcd  himself  at  the  siege  and 
battle  of  Nagpoor. 

He  attained  the  rank  of  Lieat.-Geneval 
in  18 — .  He  was  noaunated  a  Companion 
of  the  Bath  in  1823,  and  a  Knight  Com- 
in  1852. 


Colflwl  of  the  76th  legiment,  who  died  in 
1B13»  became  UenL-Govemor  of  Pbrtn- 

r,  and  Colond  of  ^e  12th 
Foot.  He  died  in  1741,  havhv  in  1715 
held  the  chief  comamnd  in  Scotland,  dnring 
the  ahoence  of  the  Dnke  of  AigyU  and 
Bad  of  Stair. 

Tim  gentksaan  now  deoeased  wm  the 
aon  of  the  Vcvy  Rev.  John  Whedmm, 
D  JX  Dean  of  Usmore,  by  Agatha,  dan. 
of  John  Mooce,  esq.  M.F. 

He  waa  appointed  lientenaat  of  the 
40th  Foot  in  1 799,  when  he  eaiharked  with 
rcgiaMnt  §ar  Holland.  In  the  neit 
he  aopompanlad  it  to  the  Mediterm. 
he  letnmed  tn  ^-ghnd  in 
1802.  In  1803  he  attained  his  comp«y, 
and  he  was  appointed  Aide-de-casap  to 
LienL-Genetal  Whctham  his  conaln.  In 
1805  he  left  the  staff  tn  eaihark  with  his 
for  Sonth  AsMvica,  whcvw  ke  was 
wonnded  in  the  aasanlt  of  Monte 
Yiiso:  his  right  leg  was 
he  retained  honML     In  1807  he 

Br^ade  Msior  on  the  staff  kt 
I,  where  he  rcaminad  nnta  he 
in  Jane  1811  to  the  aamority  of 
his  regissent,  which  he  thercnpon  iiioined 
in  Ireland.  He  wm  placed  on  hrif^^y  of 
the  Ut  Garrison  Bnttalion.  Jnne  25, 1815 ; 
waa  prosaotcd  to  the  rank  of  lient-Colo. 
net  in  1819;  to  that  of  Colonel  in  1837  ; 
and  to  that  of  M^ior-Gcneval  in  1846. 

HeBMrriedinFekl817 
of  R.  Bayly,  C89.  and  danghfeer  of 
I,  esa.  of  Brishagton,  ca 

in   1841   tn 


»et. 


son  of  the  late 
many  yran 


Halt 

of 


MjuoB-GaxanAL  WnrniAM. 
JIley    13.     Ac   Kirklington   HaU,  co. 
NoctrngfaftiAi,  afrd  70.  M^or-Gcneral  John 


Sw  RonsftT  B.  CoMTx. 
JU9  23.    At  his  honae  in  N 
SpriK  Gardens,  aged    62,    Sir   Robert 
Bn^ley  Comyn,  D.C.L.  a  bcneher  of  tte 
Middle  Temple. 

He  waa  bom  at  Tottcnhsm  in  Middlcaez, 
being  the  third  aon  of  the  Rev.  Thonms 
Comvn,  Vicar  of  that  parish,  by  HarvieC 
Chariotte  Stables  his  wife;  mi  f rindsun 
of  Stephen  Comyn,  esq.  barriatcr-at-law. 
He  was  cdncatcd  at  Metchant  Taylon' 

of  8l 


1853.]     A.  F.  Gregoryy  Esq.—C.  C.  Smith.— Rev.  Dr.  Silver.    98 


John's  college,  Oxford,  in  1809,  where  he 
gradoated  B.A.  1813,  M.A.  1815 ;  and  he 
was  called  to  the  bar  at  Lmcoln's  Inn, 
Not.  84, 1814. 

In  Jan.  1825  he  was  appointed  a  puisne 
jadge  of  the  Supreme  Court  at  Calcutta, 
and  received  the  honour  of  knighthood  on 
the  9th  Feb.  In  Dec.  1835  he  was  ad- 
ranctd  to  the  office  of  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  at  Madras.  In  1842  he 
resigned  and  returned  to  England ;  when 
be  was  created  a  D.C.L.  by  the  university 
of  Oxford ;  and  in  1844  he  was  elected  a 
bencher  of  the  Middle  Temple. 

He  was  the  author  of  "  A  Treatise  on 
the  Law  of  Usury,  1817,  8vo. ;  and  of 
**  A  History  of  the  Western  Empire  from 
the  birth  of  Charlemagne  to  the  accession 
of  Charies  Y."  The  latter  work  was  the 
firuit  of  his  leisure  hours  whilst  in  India, 
and  was  published  on  his  return  to  England. 

A.  F.  Gregobt,  Esq. 

Fid.  27.  At  Stivichall,  near  Coventry, 
aged  60,  Arthur  Francis  Gregory,  esq.  a 
magistrate  and  Deputy- Lieutenant  of  War- 
widuhire. 

He  waa  the  eldest  son  of  the  late  Francis 
Gregory,  esq.  formerly  Colonel  of  the  War- 
wickshire Fencibles,  by  Frances,  daughter 
of  Joseph  Grote,  esq.  and  aunt  to  George 
Grote,  esq.  late  member  for  London. 

He  served  through  the  Peninsular  war 
in  the  4th  Dragoons,  and  after  the  peace 
be  was  on  Lord  Whitworth's  staff  in  Ire- 
land when  he  was  Lord  Lieutenant. 

In  1838  Capt.  Gregory  was  a  candidate 
for  the  representation  of  the  borough  of 
Stamford  in  Parliament,  but  without  suc- 
cess, the  poll  terminating — for  Lieut.-Col. 
T.  Chaplin  586,  George  Finch,  esq.  463, 
Captain  Gregory  896. 

At  the  general  election  of  1835  he  was  a 
candidate  on  the  Liberal  interest  for  the 
Northern  Division  of  Warwickshire,  in 
opposition  to  the  former  members.  Sir  J. 
Eslidley-Wilmot  and  Mr.  W.  Stratford 
Dngdale ;  but  again  he  was  unsuccessful, 
the  numbers  being  for  Sir  J.  Eardley- 
Wilmot  8600,  for  Mr.  Dogdale  8513,  and 
for  Captain  Gregory  1854. 

Mr.  Gregory  filled  the  office  of  High 
Sheriff  of  Warwickshire  in  1843. 

He  married,  Feb.  85,  1834,  the  Hon. 
Caroline  Hood,  aunt  to  the  present  Lord 
Viscoant  Hood,  and  only  daughter  of 
Lieut-Colonel  the  Hon.  Francis  Wheler 
Hood,  by  Caroline,  only  daughter  of  Sir 
Andrew  Snape  Haroond,  Bart.  By  that 
lady,  who  survives  him,  he  had  issue  two 
sons,  Arthur,  bom  in  1834,  and  Francis- 
Hood,  bom  in  1836. 

His  funeral  took  place  at  StivichsU  on 
the  8th  March,  attended  by  his  brother 
the  Rev.  A.  W.  Gregory,  the  incumbent, 


and  his  brother-in-law,  Lieut.-Colonel  the 
Hon.  Francis  Grosvenor  Hood,  of  Whitley 
Abbey.  In  compliance  with  his  wishes, 
his  body  was  borne  to  the  tomb  by  the 
labourers  on  his  estate. 


CuLLiNo  Charlxs  Smith,  Esq. 

May  86.  At  the  house  of  his  son-in-law 
the  Duke  of  Beaufort,  in  Arlington-street, 
in  his  79th  year.  Culling  Chas.  Smith,  esq. 

He  was  the  younger  son  of  Charles 
Smith,  esq.  Governor  of  Madras,  a  great- 
uncle  of  the  present  Sir  Culling  Eardley 
Eardley,Bart.  (who  took  the  name  of  Eard- 
ley in  lieu  of  Smith  in  1847) ;  and  was  the 
only  son  of  his  father's  second  wife,  Xavier- 
Charlotte,  daughter  of  James  Francis  Law, 
esq.  Commander-in-chief  of  the  troops  of 
the  French  East  India  Company,  and  one 
of  the  family  of  Law  of  Lauriston.  Mr. 
Culling- Smith's  half-brother  died  un- 
married at  Gibraltar. 

Mr.  Culling  Smith  was  appointed  a 
Commissionerof  Customs,  March  13, 1887, 
and  retsined  that  office  until  his  death. 

He  married  Aug.  9,  1799,  Lady  Anne 
Fitzroy,  widow  of  the  Hon.  Henry  Fitzroy 
(uncle  to  the  present  Lord  Southampton;, 
who  died  1794,  a  daughter  of  Garrett  first 
Earl  of  Momington,  and  sister  to  the  late 
Marquess  Wellesley  and  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington.    Lady  Anne  died  16  Dec.  1844. 

She  had  by  her  first  husband  an  only 
child,  Georgiana-Frederica,  married  in 
1814  to  Henry  Marquess  of  Worcester, 
now  Duke  of  Beaufort ;  of  which  marriage 
there  was  issue  two  daughters,  Lady  Char- 
lotte, married  in  1844  to  the  late  Philip 
Baron  Nieumann,  Austrian  minister  at  this 
court,  and  Lady  Georgiana,  married  to 
Christopher  William  Codriogton,  esq.  The 
Marchioness  of  Worcester  died  in  1821 ; 
and  in  the  following  year  the  Marquess 
married  Emily-Frances,  sister  by  the 
mother  to  his  former  wife,  and  the  daugh- 
ter of  the  gentleman  whose  death  we  now 
record.  By  the  Duchess  his  Grace  has 
issue,  Henry,  now  Marquess  of  Worcester, 
and  six  daughters. 

Mr.  Culling  Charles  Smith  had  also 
one  son,  Frederick. 


Rev.  Thomas  Silver,  D.C.L. 

March  8.  Aged  79,  the  Rev.  Thomaa 
Silver,  D.C.L.  Vicar  of  Charlbury,  Ox- 
fordshire. 

He  was  educated  at  Winchester,  and 
admitted  a  founder's  kin  Fellow  of  St. 
John's  college,  Oxford,  in  1793,  where  he 
graduated  6.C.L.  1807,  D.C.L.  1812.  In 
1817  he  was  elected  Dr.  Rawlinson's  Pro- 
fessor of  Anglo-Saxon,  which  office  he  re- 
tained until  1822. 

He  was  presented  to  the  vicarage  of 
Charlbury  by  St.  John's  college  in  1888. 


94  Rev.  O.  L.  Cooke,  BJ)i-~J.  L.  Dampier,  Etq. 


[July, 


Dr.  Silver  was  the  aathor  of  serenl 
{Mimphlets  on  subjects  of  interest  at  the 
time  ;  among  others  may  be  enumerated, — 

A.  Lecture  on  the  Study  of  Anglo-Saxon. 
8vo.     Oxford,  1822. 

Hie  Coronation  Serrice,  or  Consecration 
of  the  Anglo-Saxon  Kings,  as  it  illustrates 
tiie  Origin  of  the  Constitution.  8ro.  Ox- 
ford, 1831. 

A  Memorial  to  the  Gorernment  on  the 
danger  of  intermeddling  with  Church 
Rates.     8to.    Oxford,  1835. 

A  Letter  to  Sir  Robert  H.  Inglis  on  the 
origin  and  importance  of  the  Church  Rate. 
8?o.     Oxford,  1838. 

A  second  Letter.     8to.     Oxford,  1841. 

A  Letter  to  Sir  R.  H.  Inglit,  on  the 
l^pc^iation  and  Captitity  of  the  Cathedrals 
or  England.     8to.     Oxford,  1839. 

A  Letter  to  the  Duke  of  Marlborough, 
on  the  sacrilege  and  impolicy  of  the  foroed 
Commutation  of  Tithes.  Sro.  Oxford,  1849. 


Mr.  Cooke  was  presented  to  the  rectory 
of  Cubbington  in  IdSO  by  Lord  Leigh; 
and  to  Wick  Rissington  and  Hunningham 
in  the  same  vear  h\  Lord  Chancellor 
Eldon.  He  had  preriously  held  for  a  short 
time  the  rectory  of  Addlestrop,  co.  Glove. 

T\m  late  professor  was  a  most  agreeable 
and  facetious  companion.  His  society  was 
much  sought,  and  we  beliefe  he  was  the 
fouider,  and  for  many  years  secretary,  of 
the  original  Literary  Dining  Club,  which 
still  exists,  and  numbers  several  of  the  most 
distinguished  scholars  in  the  uniTersity 
among  its  members. 

Bir.  Cooke  was  a  seahms  dergyman,  a 
kind  and  benevolent  landlord,  and  a  high- 
■liaded,  honourable,  and  conacientioQS  gen- 
tleman. He  leaves  a  widow  and  several 
children,  among  them  two  sons,  both  mas* 
tefs  of  arts  and  in  orders,  one  a  student  of 
Chrisldkurch,  the  otho*  a  demy  of  Mag^ 
dalen  college,  Oxford. 


Rev.  6.  L.  CooKB,  B.D. 
Mmrtk  29.  At  Cubbington,  Warwick- 
shire, aged  73,  the  Rev.  George  Leigh 
Cooke,  B.D.  Rector  of  that  parish,  and  of 
Wick  Rissington  in  the  county  of  Glouces- 
ter, Perpetual  Curxte  of  Hunningham, 
Warwickshire,  a  Rural  Dcnn,  and  Sedleian 
Professor  of  Natural  PhUoaophy  in  the 
nnivenltv  of  Oxford. 

» 

Mr.  Cooke  was  the  son  of  the  Rev. 
Samuel  Cooke,  Rector  of  Great  Bookham 
in  Surrey.  He  first  entered  at  Oxford  in 
1797  as  a  commoner  of  Balliol  college, 
and  was  elected  in  the  same  year  a  scholar 
of  Corpus  Christi  college,  of  which  so- 
ciety he  afterwanb  became  Fellow  and 
an  active  tutor.  He  graduated  B.A.  1800, 
M.A.  1804.  and  B.D.  18H.  He  was 
•lecCed  in  If^lO  to  the  profinsorship  of 
Natmral  Philosophy  founded  by  Sir  William 
Sedley.  In  ISls'be  was  elected  Keeper 
of  the*  Archives  of  the  University,  which 
oftee  he  held  until  1826 ;  when  he  was 
mccceded  by  Dr.  Bliss,  the  present  occu- 
pier of  that  post,  who  had  contested  it 
with  Mr.  Cooke  in  the  6rst  instance.  Nor 
was  he  ever  wanting  when  his  services  were 
lequirt^  He  nl:ed  the  ofice  of  pubhe 
preacher,  and  several  times  accepted  the 
post  of  public  examiner — first  as  early  as 
1809.  and  Iftstly  in  1^:!6.  when,  a  change 
in  the  stature  having  taken  place,  it  w«s 
jwsly  cc.ii5:i:rti  :bit  his  judgment  and 
experience  tnir ht  be  coniacive  tvj  the  well- 
work'rLC  >i  :be  new  $rstem. 

Hf  pVrlaifd  ia  1  Sv'iO  -  The  Three  first 
Sectix!:*  lid  pin  of  :he  Seventh  Secdon  of 
Newtoa'i  Prliivriria.  with  a  Prefoce  recom- 
nfiskf  a  G-KH»er^.ci!  conrae  of  Mathe« 
L  Reavi-sx.  xai  aa  Introdnction  on 
the  At->Eic  CoLsdiation  of  Matter,  and 
the  Lawf  ^i  Me^v^o"  *v*. 


JoBK  Lrcius  DAMPicn,  Esq. 

JToy  24.  At  Bath,  after  a  short  iUneas, 
a^ed  60,  John  Lucius  Dampier,  esq.  of 
Twyford  House,  Hants,  M.A.  a  barrister- 
at-law,  and  Vice  Warden  of  the  Stannaries 
of  Cornwall  and  Devon. 

He  was  bom  on  the  23d  Dec  1792,  and 
was  the  second  son  of  Sir  Henrr  Dampier, 
a  Jndce  of  the  King's  Bench,  who  died  in 
1816  (see  his  character  in  the  Gcntteaaan^ 
Magasine  for  that  year.  Fart  L  p.  1S8),  by 
the  eldest  daughter  of  the  Ten.  John  Law, 
Archdeacon  of  Rochester.  He  was  edn* 
cated  at  Eton,  and  thence  proceeded  to  a 
fellowship  of  King's  college,  Cambridge, 
where  he  graduated  B.A.  in  1816,  MJL 
1§19.  He  was  called  to  the  bar  by  the 
Hon.  Society  of  Linc<^*a  Inn,  May  22, 
1819;  and  became  a  member  of  the 
Western  circuit,  in  which  he  soon  ob- 
tained reputation  and  practiee.  He  was 
for  some  time  Recorder  of  POrtsmonth. 

In  \94S  he  acted  with  Lord  POrtman 
and  Mr.  Dominick  Daly  on  Ae  coaamit- 
sion  appointed  to  inquire  into  the  righte 
and  daisas  connected  with  the  New  POieet 
and  Waltham  Pixest ;  and  in  1850  he  vns 
appointed  one  of  the  Commisaioncn  for 
investigating  the  state,  discipline,  &e.  of 
the  univerrity  and  colkgcs  of  Oxford. 

Some  few  veers  since  Mr.  Dampier  ac- 
quired  by  purchase  Twyford  Honse,  in 
the  bcnutiful  vale  of  the  Itchen,  faciei  I j 
the  property  of  Dr.  Shipley.  Bishop  of  St. 
Asarh;  and  there  he  latterly  principolly 
HKided.  fulfilling  the  dntirs  of  a  connlry 
(centlcaaan  in  the  vMist  exemplary  aaanncr. 
His  loeal  charity,  his  constant  hospitality, 
and  the  active  interest  he  felt  in  d»e  wet- 
fore  ef  those  who  dweh  aronad  Mm,  will 
longheresaembtred.  Hewnsinthe* 
of  the  poMt  far 


1853.]    H.  Miicalfe,  Esq.^C.  Tawney,  Esq^^B.  Tulloch,  Esq.      95 


was  frequently  chainnan  of  the  bench  of 
mafUtratei.  Lord  Chief  Justice  Camp- 
bell, alluding  to  his  decease  in  open  court 
on  the  day  of  its  occurrence,  characterized 
Mr.  Dampier  as  '*  one  of  the  most  learned, 
honoured,  and  excellent  men  who  erer 
adorned  the  profession." 

He  married  a  daughter  of  the  Re?. 
Christopher  Erie,  of  Gillingham,  Dorset- 
shire, sister  to  the  present  Sir  William 
Erie,  Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas ;  by 
whom  he  has  left  issue  a  son,  William, 
and  two  daughters,  Jane  and  Emily. 


Hbnrt  Mitcalfe,  Esq. 

/tiiie4.  AtTynemouth,  Henry  Mitcalfe, 
esq.  of  Whitley,  a  magistrate  for  the  county 
of  Northumberland,  and  formerly  M.P. 
for  Tynemouth. 

He  was  returned  to  Parliament  for  Tyne- 
mouth at  the  general  election  of  1841,  on 
Liberal  principles,  after  a  contest,  in  which 
he  polled  295  votes,  and  W.  Chapman, 
esq.  215.  He  sat  only  until  the  dissolu- 
tion of  1847. 

The  character  of  Mr.  Mitcalfe,  socially, 
commercially,  and  politically,  always  stood 
▼ery  high.  He  was  a  man  of  remarkable 
intdligence  and  considerable  zeal — pos- 
sessed of  a  very  retentive  memory,  and  an 
excellent  judgment  in  appreciating  and 
applying  the  knowledge  he  collected  and 
stored.  His  health,  for  some  time  past, 
had  been  declining ;  and  he  expired  at  his 
residence  in  Tynemouth,  withm  the  pre- 
cincts of  whose  ancient  priory  his  remains 
were  interred. 


Charlbs  Tawnky,  Eso. 

Latthf,  At  Oxford,  Charles  Tawney, 
esq. 

The  name  of  Tawney  has,  for  about  a 
century,  been  honourably  connected  with 
the  city  of  Oxford.  Mr.  Tawney  himself 
was  elected  to  the  old  corporation  in  1831. 
and  afterwards  to  the  new  :  in  1837,  and 
again  in  1840,  he  was  placed  in  the  civic 
chair ;  and  in  the  discharge  of  its  duties 
he  combined  integrity  of  purpose  with 
kindness  of  manner,  gentlemanly  and  hos- 
pitable attention,  with  an  exact  observance 
of  the  rules  and  requirements  of  office. 
When  he  retired  from  the  Council  in  1844 
he  presented  an  admirable  statue  of  Sir 
Sir  Thomas  Rowney,  formerly  a  distin- 
guished and  munificent  Member  of  Parlia- 
ment for  the  city,  which  now  occupies  the 
centre  niche  in  front  of  the  Town  Hall. 

Mr.  Tawney  was  the  friend  and  en- 
courager  of  all  associated  endeavours  to 
improve  the  condition  of  the  industrious, 
and  especially  to  extend  the  knowledge  of 
the  right  principles  of  agriculture,  and 
th«r^  increaae  its  profitableness.    He 


was  among  the  first  to  form  the  Royal 
Agricultural  Society  of  England,  and  after- 
wards one  of  the  most  active  and  earnest 
in  the  promoting  the  arrangements  for  its 
meeting  at  Oxford  in  184-.  He  also  took 
an  active  part  in  the  establishment  of  the 
Oxfordshire  Agricultural  Society,  and  in 
promotion  of  horticultural  exhibitions.  As 
a  governor  of  the  RadclifTe  Infirmary  and 
the  Wameford  Asylum  he  regularly  at* 
tended  their  meetings,  and  gave  them  the 
benefit  of  his  sound  judgment  and  prudent 
consideration,  his  business-like  habits,  and 
distinctness  of  views  and  purposes ;  in 
short,  his  good-will  to  man  was  a  prevail- 
ing principle,  not  a  sudden  impulse  or  a 
short-lived  feeling ;  it  accompanied  him  at 
home  and  abroad,  in  the  smaller  and 
greater  actions  of  his  life.  He  evinced  his 
attachment  to  the  Church  by  his  liberal 
contributions  towards  the  erection  and  re* 
pair  of  several  churches  in  his  neighbour- 
hood. He  gave  the  site  of  the  church 
erected  at  Headington  Quarry, and  an  organ 
to  the  parish  church  of  Headington,  besides 
a  handsome  contribution  towards  its  resto- 
ration. 


Benjamin  Tulloch,  Esq. 

May  12.  Benjamin  Tulloch,  esq.  lato 
of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  surgeon. 

By  his  will,  which  has  been  proved  in 
the  Prerogative  Court  of  York,  he  has 
bequeathed  the  following  legacies  to  be 
paid  twelve  months  after  the  decease  of 
his  wife,  viz.  to  the  British  and  Foreign 
Bible  Society,  100/.;  to  the  Church  Mis- 
sionary  Society,  200/. ;  to  the  Newcastle 
Infirmary,  1,000/. ;  to  the  Penitentiary  of 
Newcastle,  200/. ;  to  the  Society  for  the 
Relief  of  the  Widows  and  Orphans  of 
Shipwrecked  Mariners,  established  in  the 
port  of  Newcastle,  100/. ;  to  the  Parochial 
Schools  of  the  parish  of  St  Andrew's,  in 
Newcastle,  100/. ;  to  the  Ragged  School 
for  Boys  and  Girls,  established  in  New- 
castle, 100/.  each ;  to  the  Dispensary  of 
Newcastle,  200/. ;  to  the  Town  Missionary 
Society  of  Newcastle,  100/. ;  to  the  Vic- 
toria Asylum  for  the  Blind,  established  in 
Newcastle,  100/. ;  to  the  Society  for  the 
Relief  of  the  Indigent  and  Sick,  established 
in  Newcastle,  100/. ;  to  the  Irish  Society 
for  teaching  the  Scriptures  in  their  Native 
Tongue,  100/. ;  to  the  Church  of  England 
Colonial  Society,  100/. ;  to  the  Schoohi  of 
the  New  Church  at  Gomersal,  in  the 
county  of  York,  200/. ;  to  the  Schools  of 
the  parish  church  of  Birstal,  in  the  same 
county,  200/. ;  and  to  the  Parochial  Schools 
of  the  parish  of  Gateshead,  100/.  Also, 
the  sum  of  400/.  for  the  purpose  of  found- 
ing a  Scholarship  or  Exhibition  in  the 
College  of  Medicine  in  Newcastle,  in  con- 
nexion with  the  University  of  Durham,  to 


96 


Obituary.— ZttJiriij'  TWAp.— Jfr.  James  Carter,      [July, 


be  denominated  '^Tolloch's  Scholarship 
or  Exhibition/' — Neweatth  Guardian. 


LUDWIG  TiBCK. 

April  28.  At  Berlin,  aged  80,  Ludwig 
Tiecky  the  translator  of  Shakspere. 

He  was  bom  in  Berlin  on  the  31st  May, 
1773,  and  educated  at  Halle,  GOttingen, 
and  Erlangen,  where  he  became  deeply 
impressed  with  the  spirit  of  historical  and 
poetic  literature.  Having  convinced  him- 
self that  classic  art,  as  raised  in  the  Re- 
naissance Age,  was  worn  threadbare,  he 
sought  to  direct  public  attention  to  the 
romantic  literature  of  the  Middle  Ages. 
In  this  undertaking,  assisted  by  the  two 
Schlegels  and  Novalis,  he  met  with  tri- 
umphant success,  and,  fostered  by  the  in- 
flnence  of  Schelling^s  philosophy,  this 
school  gained,  in  a  short  time,  a  consider- 
able influence  in  the  literature  of  every 
European  language. 

The  version  of  Shakspere  by  Tieck  and 
the  Schlegels  is  the  best  that  has  hitherto 
been  made.  As  a  storyteller  Tieck  was 
unrivalled.  There  is  a  genial  glow  in  all 
his  tales  and  legends,  which  inspires  the 
imaginative  reader  to  an  extraordinary 
pitch  of  delight.  He  was  personally  much 
beloved,  and  owed  his  local  influence  as 
much  to  his  ready  and  friendly  conversa- 
tional talents  as  to  his  writings. 

With  the  fruits  of  early  study  at  his 
oommand,  he  was  at  all  times  of  his  life 
diligent  and  studious  of  fresh  acquisitions. 
In  the  field  of  European  literature  he 
WM  versed  as  few  other  men  have  been ; 
with  something  of  an  especial  preference 
for  Spanish  and  English.  His  love  for 
the  latter,  as  shown  by  his  many  excellent 
labours  on  our  old  dramatists,  as  well  as 
in  the  translation  of  Shakspere,  give  him 
especial  claims  to  regard  in  this  country. 

His  splendid  library,  which  was  sold  a 
few  years  back,  was  an  evidence  of  judg- 
ment as  well  as  of  good  fortune  in  the 
collection  of  literary  treasures,  while  it 
showed  the  wide  range  of  his  pursuits. 
The  circumstances  which  caused  its  disper- 
sion were  such  as  must  have  raised  the 
poet  in  the  esteem  of  all  who  knew  them,— 
while  they  lamented,  for  his  sake,  the 
effects  of  so  generous  a  sacrifice  of  his 
best  companions. 

His  funeral  took  place  on  the  Sunday 
following  his  death.  The  hearse  was  fol- 
lowed by  the  carriages  of  their  Majesties 
and  Royal  Family,  and  by  those  of  the  most 
eminent  personages  of  Berlin.  Among  the 
mourners  were  Baron  von  Huml^ldt, 
Count  Redem,  and  almost  every  person 
distinguished  in  literature,  arts,  and  sci- 
ence. 


12 


Mr.  James  Carter. 

June  1.  At  St.  John's  Place,  Camber- 
wdl,  aged  61,  Mr.  James  Carter,  a  self- 
taught  labourer  in  literature,  who  raised 
himself  to  some  distinction. 

He  was  the  son  of  very  humble  parents, 
and  was  bom  at  Colchester  July  5,  1792. 
His  father  had  been  in  early  life  an  hus- 
bandman, but  was  wild,  and  left  his  family 
and  enlisted  for  a  soldier.  His  mother  was 
a  decent  respectable  woman,  and  to  her  he 
was  Indebted  for  all  the  advantages  both 
in  body  and  in  mind  that  it  was  his  lot 
to  enjoy.  She  lived  till  November  1831. 
She  procured  for  her  son  a  place  as  a  shop- 
boy  with  a  tailor  at  Colchester ;  but  he 
was  there  in  so  menial  a  capacity  as  not  to 
be  able  to  leam  the  trade;  by  degrees 
however  he  got  an  insight  into  it,  became 
useful  to  his  employer,  and  in  time  pro- 
ceeded to  London  for  improvement.  In 
May  1819,  he  married  at  St.  Paul's,  Co- 
vent  Garden,  a  worthy  young  woman,  with 
whom  he  had  been  acquainted  for  ten 
years ;  and  by  whom  he  had  a  numerous 
family,  six  sons  and  two  daughters.  On 
his  marriage  he  arrived  at  the  dignity  of 
a  master  tailor,  and  settled  at  Colchester. 
He  even  belonged  to  a  literary  society, 
and  was  surprised  in  the  spring  of  18S5  to 
be  told  by  the  secretary  that  it  was  his 
duty  in  tum  to  give  a  lecture.  This  he 
would  gladly  have  avoided,  but  there  was 
no  help  for  it ;  so  he  composed  and  de- 
livered a  Lecture  on  Taste  ;  and  in  March 
18S7  delivered  a  second  lecture.  In  1833, 
when  his  health  was  so  bad  as  to  prevent 
him  working  at  his  trade,  and  heavy  ex- 
penses pressed  on  him  from  the  death  of 
some  of  his  children,  the  powbility  oc- 
curred to  him  of  getting  help  by  the  pub- 
lication of  his  Lectures  on  Taste.  They 
were  therefore  printed  by  subscription  with 
some  success ;  and  he  also  published  '*  A 
Lecture  on  the  Primitive  State  of  Man." 
In  1836  he  removed  with  his  family  to  Lon- 
don ;  and  compiled  for  Messrs.  C.  Knight 
and  Co.  "  A  Manual  for  the  Apprentices 
to  Tailors."  This  gave  not  only  proof  of 
his  technical  skill,  but  of  the  rational  and 
contented  tone  of  mind  with  which  the 
writer  looked  upon  his  own  vocation  in 
life.  In  1845  his  personal  history  and  the 
account  of  his  literary  amusements  were 
very  pleasantly  narrated  in  one  of  Mr. 
Knight's  '*  Weekly  Volumes,"  under  the 
title  of  *^  Memoirs  of  a  Working  Man." 
In  Mr.  Knight's  introduction  to  this  work 
he  describes  the  author  "  as  a  man  of 
humble  station — unknown  to  the  world — 
who  had  strong  aspirations  after  know- 
ledge— much  satisftiction  in  its  acquire* 
ment;  but  who  had  walked  through  life 
humbly  and  obscurely — who  had  ]i£oured 
with  his  own  hands  to  earn  his  daily 


1853.] 


Obituary. 


97 


Vread  — who  had  endured  the  bitterest 
poverty— who  had  been  prostrated  for 
jmn  bj  chronic  sickness.  If  these  Me- 
moin  deal  not  with  striking  adveotures, 
they  prewnK  a  dear  reflection  of  the  mind 
of  the  writer,  which  is  sincere.  It  bad 
heea  formed  under  the  most  adverse  cir> 
eamatnoces.  He  makes  no  claim  to  ex- 
tnordlnary  powers  of  understanding  ;  he 
diaplmys  no  onwonted  energies.  The  purity 
of.  his  style  is  one  of  his  most  remark- 
able characteristics. '  *  This  volome  brings 
down  Carter's  history  to  1 8 1 5.  I  o  1 850  lie 
pobUahed  '*  A  Continoatiou  of  the  Me- 
moirs  of  a  Working  Mid,  illustrated  by 
some  original  Sketches  of  Character.'* 

In  1852  he  published  "Thoughts  on 
seteral  Sabjects,  including  Sacred  Poetry  ; 
Happiness ;  Health ;  Thoughts  on  Rhyme ; 
on  Men  who  haye  been  cidled  Good ;  and 
on  the  Varieties  of  the  Human  Face." 

Ill  health  so  pressed  upon  him  that  he 
was  unable  to  follow  his  business  with 
fuocess,  and  poTcrty  accompanied  him  to 
the  end  of  his  days;  bnt  bis  Christian 
spirit  and  resignation  endured  to  the  last. 
They  are  apparent  in  all  his  writings ;  and 
his  latter  Tolumes  evince  the  same  good 
feelings  so  justly  pointed  out  by  Mr. 
Knight  in  his  "  Memoirs.''  His  painful 
position  was  alleriated  by  several  kind 
friends ;  and  he  occasionally  was  relieved 
by  the  Royal  Literary  Fund.  We  grieve 
to  add  he  has  left  his  widow  and  family  in 
great  distress. 


DEATHS, 

ARRXSOKD  IN  CORO-NOLOUICAL  ORDER. 

Oct.  11.  Oq  board  the  sliip  Priuce  AIl>ert,  bound 
for  Australia,  aged  21,  John  Ros»,  eldest  son  of 
the  late  Col.  Ro^s,  of  Hanlwuy,  near  Go^port. 
After  her  arriral  at  Melbourne,  l^Iary  I.^ahella 
RosM,  widow  of  tlie  abore,  was  prematurely  con- 
fined, Jan.  14.  Jler  infant  lived  three  dayji,  and 
she  herself  cxpire«l  Jon.  21.  She  was  the  only 
dan.  of  Lieut.  Squires,  and  was  only  19  years 
of  affe. 

yoc.  a.  At  sea,  off  Mudra.**,  aged  52,  Samuel 
Hoody  CrrLtlth,  esq.  sun^coii  Bengal  service,  son 
of  ttie  Ker.  Meredith  Grifflth,  and  grandson  of 
Andrew  Paterson,  esq.  M.D.  formerly  of  3Iargam, 
Glamorganshire. 

Dee.  5.  Drowned  by  the  ap^ietting  of  a  boat  off 
Port  Fbflip,  ^ed  21,  James  Gardiner  Jeffery,  4th 
ofllcer  of  the  ship  Northumberland,  and  eld^t  son 
of  the  late  James  Gardiner  Jeffery,  eKj.  of  Fox 
Pitts,  Yalding,  Kent. 

/>0r.  27.  At  Bengara,  New  South  Wales,  aged 
42,  the  Hon.  Thomas  MontoUen  Murray,  tlilrd  son 
of  Alexander  Sth  and  late  Baron  Elibank  by  the 
Hon.  Janet  OUphant,  dau.  and  heir  of  John  styled 
Lord  OUphant.  He  was  named  after  the  family 
of  hU  paternal  grandmother,  a  dau.  of  Lieut.-Gol. 
L.  C.  MontoUeu  Baron  St.  Hypolitc. 

Feb.  1.  Accidentally  drowned,  in  the  Yarra, 
Melboome,  aged  30,  Augustas  Thrnpp,  esq.  of 
Blabop's-road,  Bayswater. 

Fib.  S.  At  Molroy,  Gwydyr  river,  near  New- 
castle, while  on  a  tonr  to  Moreton  Bay,  aged  31, 
Bfr.  H.  Suggate,  son  of  H.  £.  Suggate,  esq.  surgeon, 
B.K.  of  Greenwich,  and  late  of  Becclos,  SofRHk. 

Feb.  15.    At  Rangoon,  aged  16«  Ensign  James 

OsyT.  Mag.  Vol.  XL. 


Clarke,  olst  (King's  Own)  Li^Iit  Infantry,  only  son 
of  >LOor  Clarlki'.  1st  W.  India  Regiment. 

.Vt  Sauv.ner,  on  Ids  passage  from  Calcutta  to  the 
Cape,  Robert  White  Wrightsiin,  esq.  surgeon 
II.K.I.C.S.  younger  >nn  of  the  late  WilUam 
Wrightwu,  e>q.  of  Neasliam  Hall,  Durham. 

March  3.  At  Rio  dc  Janeiro,  the  celebrated 
Jcsoit.  Father  Gubct,  mL^aionary  in  Tibet  along 
with  Father  Hue,  the  narrative  of  wha«c  trarels 
han  obtained  such  world-wide  fame. 

March  11.  At  Shanghai,  Henrietta-Mary,  wif^ 
of  Rutherford  Alcock,'  e>q.  H.B.M.  Consul,  and 
grandtUu.  of  John  Bacon,  t»\.  sculptor. 

Man-h  19.  Killed  at  the  storming  of  the  strong- 
hold o(  Mea  Toon,  in  Bunnoli,  aged  lii.  Ensign  L. 
A.  BoiJeau,  of  the  C7th  Bcn;rAl  N.I.  youngest  son  of 
the  late  Lieut.-Col.  J.  P.  Boiltrau,'  Bengal  Horse 
Art.  and  Lieut.  Jarno  Marriott  Taylor,  of  the  9th 
Madras  Inf.  son  of  Licut.-ficn.  H.  <%  A.  Taylor,  ot 
Chirendon-pl.  Hyde-park. 

March  20.  At  Mu.v«ll  Bay,  South  Africa,  aged 
37,  Joseph  Traver*,  F.K.C.S.  son  of  the  late  John 
Travcrs,  of  St.  Swithin's-lane,  City. 

March  Z\.  At  Borbodcr^,  agetr2;>,  Jamet  Mor* 
:;;m,  &*{.  t>ur:;con,  elde«t  son  of  the  late  Re%'. 
Allen  Morgan,  of  Nont-v-derrv.  Monmouthshire. 

At  GaUe,  Ceylon,  Daniel  White,  esq.  Madras 
Civil  Serrice. 

April  .  At  Rio,  aged  20,  Windsor  Fieschi  He- 
ncage,  esq.  Attache  to  Her  3l.-0c»ty*s  Leoatlon, 
4th  and  youngest  son  of  Thomas  Fieschi  Heneage, 
e>q.  by  the  Hon.  Arabella  Pclham,  dau.  of  ChanieB 
Lord  Yarborough. 

April  1.  At  Patna,  Martlia  Eugenia,  dau.  of 
the  Rev.  W.  Money. 

April  8.  At  Calcutta,  aged  32,  Robert,  second 
son  of  the  late  John  Cunnington,  esq.  Braintree. 

At  Pointe-de-Galle,  Ccylou,  aged  66,  Mary-Ge- 
cilia,  wife  of  T.  H.  Twyuam,  esq.  and  second  dan. 
of  the  hite  M^r  T.  Summerfleld,  83d  Reg. 

April  9.  At  Poonah,  Sej-mour  VasMill  Hale 
Monro,  of  the  78th  Highlanders,  and  second  son  of 
Charlc<i  Hale  Monro,  esq.  of  Ingsdon,  DeTonstUie. 
AptHl  10.  In  Paris,  aged  75,  M.  RolUn.  In 
early  life  he  was  employed  in  the  French  military 
'^rvice,  in  Italy  and  (Tcrmany.  His  name  has 
been  well  known  in  Europe  sn  a  profound  nimiis- 
inatist  throughout  Ids  long  life,  and  as  an  honour- 
able, amiable,  and  learned  dealer  in  coins,  medals, 
and  antiques.  His  valuable  **  private  "  cabinet  of 
coins  is  announced  for  sale  in  London,  by  Messrs. 
Sotheby  and  Wilkinson. 

April  12.  At  Trelawny,  Jamaica,  the  Hon.  Jas. 
Dunstone,  for  many  years  one  of  the  representa- 
tives of  the  House  of  Assembly,  and  Gustos  of  Tre- 
lawny. 

April  Xh.  At  Galle,  Ceylon,  Robert  Henry  Ryan, 
esq.  of  the  Bombay  Civil  Service,  fourth  son  of  the 
Right  Hon.  Sir  E.  Ryan,  of  Keuidngton. 

April  16.  At  St.  HeUer's,  Jersey,  (^briel  Field- 
ing, esq.  formerly  of  Northallerton,  barrister-at- 
law ;  al.so.  May  21 ,  at  Richmond,  Lucy,  his  widow. 
April  17.  At  Trinidad,  aged  25,  Arthur  Lea 
Wilson,  second  son  of  the  late  I/ea  Wilson,  esq.  of 
Norwootl,  Surrey. 

April  19.  At  Jubbulpore,  aged  32,  Lieut.  £d- 
wanl  Floud,  32d  M.N.I. 

April  21.  At  Calcutta,  Reltecca,  wife  of  the 
Rev.  Timothy  Sandyn,  Senior  Chiux'h  Missionary, 
and  dau.  of  the  late  Mr.  Swain,  builder. 

April  29.  At  Strangford,  Rebecca-Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Lieut.  Keeling,  R.N.  Inspecting  Oflleer  of 
Coast  Guurd. 

AprU^i.  At  Ventnor,  Isle  of  Wight,  aged  41, 
Henry  Horatio  Griffin,  esq.  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  bar- 
rister-at-hiw(1836). 

In  April.  At  New  Orleans,  Ann,  eldest  dan.  of 
the  late  Rev.  Arnold  Jenkins,  B.D.  Vicar  of  Tred- 
ington.  Wore. 

Latelii.  At  Toronto,  Colonel  Charles  Barker 
Turner,  K.H.  one  of  the  veterans  of  Waterloo. 
He  went  to  Canada  in  1838  on  )Kurticular  service, 
and  was  afterwards  appointed  to  the  command 
of  the  Eastern  district  in  Upper  Canada.    He  re* 


M 


Obituart. 


[J^. 


maiaed  in  thii  eoaBtrrmitil  l^a,  vbea  b«  came 
to  Cagfand ;  tmt  in  l%i»  be  mid  ont  of  tbe  anny, 
and  recorsed  to  C«a«U  m  a  Mttler. 

Jfoir  1.  At  Trinidad,  of  fever,  the  Hon.  Capt. 
J.  Hiuaell  DumrUe,  tier  M^Katy**  CoUector  of 
Ooaloms  at  that  i*Ian«i,  and  yimn^tm.  ranirin^ 
•oo  of  the  Ber.  H.  B.  DmarOe^  Bector  of  Pen- 
O0Oib6,  CO.  atrtturii. 

Mftf  1.  At  Dominica,  Mn.  Biaclull .  vife  of  tiK 
liMdL-CIOTemor  of  that  inland. 

ifor  3.  At  Fitncha],  Madeira,  a^red  K,  Anfaor 
Ftwmaa,  eaq.  fifth  ton  of  the  late  Ber.  Joteph 
Hmenun,  of  Strood,  Gloac. 

ifdw  4.  At  Dford,  Fjuez,  aged  14,  Jamea  Wil- 
fnA  weddle,  eaq.  o^iiineer,  OniDerly  of  Hull. 

At  Kcplei,  John  Wibon,  etq.  of  Upper  Eecle*- 
Vm^.  Bel(p»Te-«i. 

Mtmh.  In  Canada  West,  Stnart  Maclcechnie. 
M.  tttat  aon  of  A.  Macliechnie,  esq.  of  St.  Ans- 
ttri,  FIfBabfaie. 

At  Allaop-terrace,  Uabella,  relict  of  the  Bev. 
Jonah  ToTitt,  B.C.L.  of  St.  Offyth,  Euez. 

Maf  «.  aementiA,  wife  of  <rohn  Minchin,  eaq. 
Lbdnire,  Tipperary,  and  daa.  of  John  Wood,  eaq. 
Dtoffaty-at. 

Ob  board  the  Foremnner,  on  her  paMage  home 
from  the  coaat  of  Africa,  aged  26,  Looia*-Marl- 
MUM,  widow  of  the  late  Ker.  B.  C.  Paley,  B.A. 
Mtaalooary  at  Abbeokau,  and  eldest  dan.  of  the 
late  Lieat.-Gen.  B.  W.  D.  Sealer,  H.E.I.C.S.  of 
Otere  Dale,  near  Bristol. 

IfayT.  At  Shiffhall,  aged  59,  Misi  Smyth,  d«a. 
of  the  late  Capt.  Smyth,  R.N. 

At  Bristol,  Mr.  Henry  Waters, second  son  of  the 
late  John  Waters,  esq.  of  Cheltenham,  and  for- 
ncrly  of  Great  Ormond-4t. 

JTaf  8.  At  Nortli  Laffenham,  Line,  aged  89, 
WnUaai  Barryroore,  esq.  R.N. 

Jfaf  10.  At  Corston,  near  Bath.  Lncy-Esther, 
wU^afVloe-Adm.  Charles  Philip  Boteler  Bateman. 
fRia  was  the  third  daa.  of  Wm.  Cheftrynd,  esq.  of 
Bam-eommon,  Sorrey,  and  Hamprtead,  co.  Cork, 
«a*  narrlad  hi  1909,  and  had  issue  a  son  and  fire 

Btfrtatt,  yoongest  snrrlTlng  dau.  of  the  late 
Edward  Walter,  esq.  many  yawn  coroner  for  Mid- 


M99 1 1 .  At  Rome,  aged  27,  Theodore  Ooldshede, 

niate  of  Piccadilly,  solicitor. 
t  Maindrop,  Marj^aret,  wille  of  Colonel  Trotter, 
and  only  chUd  of  Capt.  Dale,  late  of  Stahidrop. 

Aaed  70,  John  Watson,  esq.  late  of  Hamburgh. 

Mat  12.  At  Turin,  aged  M,  James  Field,  eaq. 
of  Bemel  Hempstead,  Herts. 

At  CHenrUle,co.Down,  aged  8 1 ,  Isaac  Glenny,esq. 

AtiSroarenor  House,  Rnightsbrldge,  aged  80, 
£lUabeth,  la  Marquise  de  St.  Leger. 

ifay  18.  Aged  65,  John  Cass,  eaa.  of  Ware. 

XtBrighton,  aged  71,  Thomas  CUy,  esq. 

At  Gloucester,  WUliam  Fletcher,  esq. 

At  the  residence  of  her  daughter,  at  Coalbrook- 
ditai,  •!•*  ^»  ^^n*^'  '^^  °^  ''***"*  Grant,  esq. 
of  lifiuton  Buzzard. 

*^*ri«yonne,  aged  21,  John  Forster  Haworth, 
j^^  India  Company's  Scrr.  eldest  son  of  the  late 
John  Haworth,  esq.  of  Lichfield. 

At  Hambrook,  near  Bristol,  aged  86,  Mrs.  FJiza- 

^iSted^rKatharine-Martha,  eldest  dau.  of  Wm. 
Lowndes,  esq.  of  the  Burr,  Cheaham,  Bucks. 

At  the  rectory,  North  Waitham,  aged  48,  Robert 
Hapbnme  Murray,  esq.  of  Lincoln's-inn,  barrister. 
^waa  of  St.  Alban  Hall,  Oxford,  B  A.  1880,  M^. 
1885,  and  wa«  called  to  the  bar  at  Lincoln  s-inn 
39  Jan.  1886. 

At  Langham,  aged  25,  Sarah-Horatia,  third  dau. 
of  the  Rev.  S.  F.  Ripplngall,  of  Langham,  Norfolk. 

Aaad  48,  Elizabeth,  wifb  of  Thomas  Smith,  esq. 
or  Hyda-park-square  and  Colebrooke-park,  Tun- 

jSSv  14.    At  Egham,  Eliza^Siariotte,  only  dau. 
tf  *S  late  Webstar  Blount,  eaq.  Consul-General 
I  hie  lfiO«ity  the  King  of  the  Natbarlands  to 
«ror  of  Ndroeco. 


At  RichzaoQd,  Misi  X.  Clarke,  famerty  of  Mort- 

lake. 

At  LimagfCaoe  Dtyrell,  ^e4  S».  rata  Ta«i, 
wifc  of  JaoHs  William  Dcwar.  eaq.  aSfdi  ragt. 

At  Brussels,  aged  &S.  Crprian  HyitocL,  eaq.  late 
of  Lynn  Regis.  Norfolk. 

At  Woolwich.  Mary.  wi47w  of  Mat^  Charles  Ro- 
biason^B.M. 

Aged  77,  Mb»  Snei^rore,  o£  Uertesbary. 

At  Greenhill.  near  Kidieraainaiter.  aged  89, 
iieorge  Talboc.  o<|.  a  ma<litraae  for  the  co«ntles 
of  Worcoter  and  Scaflord,  an  1  Depot j-Licvt.  far 
Woreeateraliire . 

In  Lower  Grosrenor-at.  John-Cbarles,  aon  o 
John  WQliam  Woolcock.eiq.  of  the  Boaabay  Civil 
Serrlca. 

Mm9  IS  At  Pimlico.  aged  ^1.  Joseph, third  aon 
of  the  Rev.  Canon  Bingliam,  Vicar  of  Hale  Magna, 
Line,  and  Incumbent  of  the  chruvh  of  tbeHolr 
Trinity.  Gosport. 

At  Chatham,  after  a  few  months*  iIlnaBS,  aged 
too  and  9  months,  Mrs.  Ann  Badd. 

At  Frame  Selwood,  aged  i»6»  Thomas  Bonn,  esq. 

On  his  pa««fre  to  America,  the  Hon.  John  Croai . 
e»q.  of  Demerara. 

At  Ashburton,  aged  106,  Mias  Marj  GriAn. 

In  Grove-road,  aged  85,  Mr*.  Hutchinson,  widow 
of  Captain  Hutchinson. 

Aged  72,  Robert  Simpson,  esq.  of  TOlerye  House 
Park-road,    HoUoway,   and   of    the    Stock    Ex- 
change. 

At  Knapton  Hall,  near  Malton,  Torkahiiv,  aged 
66.  Waiiam  TindaU,  esq.  of  Hatcham  Manor 
Hoose,  New  Cross,  and  Clement* »>lane,  Lom. 
bard-et.  He  wa4  tme  of  the  moat  extenalTQ 
fthip-bnilden  and  ship-owners  in  this  great  ma- 
rithne  nation,  which  husineas  his  family  have  snc- 
cessAilly  caried  on  at  Scarboroogh  since  the  tiine 
of  the  Protectorate ;  and  he  earnestly  oppoeod  irtiat 
he  deemed  the  (suicidal  syiitem  of  unreciprocatad 
reciprocity  by  whkh  the  home  and  colonial  ports 
and  markets  of  this  mighty  emphre  have  been 
thrown  open  to  foreign  nations,  without  conai. 
deration  or  equivalent  for  so  mighty  a  boon. 

At  Rugby,  aged  65,  William  Ferdinand  Count 
Wratislaw  von  Mitrovitz. 

At  Wrottealcy,  Anne,  relict  of  Edward  Wrottes- 
ley,  esq.  Commander  R.N.  (uncle  to  Lord  Wrottes- 
ley),  who  died  at  Newfoundland  in  1814.  Her 
maiden  name  was  Tringham. 

Jfoy  16.    At  York,  aged  59,  Mary-Anne,  relict 
of  Mr.  R.  Atkinson,  of  Sandal,  near  Wakefield 
and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  W.  Laycock,  eaq.  of 
Applaton  Roebuck. 

At  Walworth,  aged  64.  Hannah-Francea,  relict 
of  John  Blake,  esq. 

At  Oamden-road  Villas,  aged  7S,  David  Boreley, 
esq. 

At  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  aged  66,  Ann-Barbara, 
wife  of  Thomas  Bridgman,  esq. 

At  Shipton-under-Wychwood,  Oxfordshire,  aged 
7S,  Waiiam  Edward  Coleman,  esq. 

Eliza,   wife  of  James   Daffbme,  of   Brixton 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  William  Conder,  eeo.  of 
Barton  Hall. 
At  Bideford,  Lieut.  Dalgety. 
At  Weymouth,  aged  U,  Loulsa-Marindin,  only 
daughter  of  W.  S.  Davenport,  esq.  of  Davenport 
Shropshire.  "^ 

At  Wakefield,  aged  35,  Mr.  Joseph  Franoe,  ao- 
lidtor. 

In  Gloucester-gardens,  Hyde-park,  EUsa  H.  M. 
Qrwne,  eldMt  dau.  of  the  late  U.  8.  OrNme,  esq. 
H.E.I.C.S. 

At  Irwell  House,  Bury,  Lane,  aged  66,  Jamas 
Harrison,  esq.  one  of  Her  Majesty's  Justices  of  die 
Peace  for  Lancashire. 

At  C.  Elderton's,  esq.  Aberoom-pl.  St.  John's- 
wood,  Miss  Eliza  M'Rae,  dau.  of  the  late  Colin 
M'Rae,  eaq.  of  Jamaica. 

At  Weymouth,  Mr.  W.  Richards,  registrar  of 
birthi,  marriages,  and  deaths,  and  formerly  pastor 
of  the  Independent  (^pel,  lulbome  Port. 
At  MonlyeUler  I'Heraolt,  Fnmoa,  aged  €8,  Mr*. 


1851] 


Obituary. 


99 


EUm  Thompson,  eldest  djia.  of  the  late  Col.  Wm. 
ThomiMon,  of  Kllhain. 

M09 17.  At  Kewbory,  Berks,  aged  86,  James 
Bodman.esq. 

Aged  73,  Charles  Collins,  esq.  late  of  50th  Foot. 
He  was  in  the  battles  of  Vittoria,  Pyrenees,  &c. 

At  Pitlarg,  N.B.,  Charles  Gordon,  esq.  late  Capt. 
73nd  Highlanders. 

At  Down  Place,  Berks,  aged  78,  Esther,  relict  of 
H.  Harford,  esq.  and  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Nelson 
BycroftyBart. 

At  Fishgaard,  Pemb.  aged  61,  Captain  James 
Howell,  late  of  the  Royal  ArtUlery. 

At  Glasgow,  Jane,  widow  of  Sir  Edward  Smith 
Lees,  Knt.  Secretary  to  the  Post  Office,  Edinburgh. 
She  was  the  youngest  dau.  of  Captain  Clark,  40th 
Ptoot,  by  a  dau.  of  James  Stanley,  esq.  of  Low  Park, 
CO.  Roscommon.  She  was  married  in  1821,  and 
left  a  widow  in  1846. 

At  Naples,  Louisa,  Comtesse  de  Truguet. 

Mom  18.  Sarah,  widow  of  Charlert  Bean,  esq. 
late  of  Demerara,  and  Richmond -hill,  Surrey. 

Georgina,  wife  of  Capt.  Stonehouse  George  Bun- 
bury,  late  67th  Rcgt. 

At  Durham,  .^me-Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 
Lient.-Col.  Chayter. 

At  Towcestcr,  aged  79,  Mary,  relict  of  Henry 
Dayrell,  esq.  Capt.  R.N. 

At  Como,  Italy,  aged  84,  Antonio  Delia  Torre, 
sen.  esq. 

Qeorgiana-Priscilla-Uary,  dau.  of  John  Gould 
Gent,  esq.  of  Uo/ens  Park,  Essex. 

At  Chelmsford,  aged  77,  Ellzabcth-Wilhelmlna, 
wWb  of  George  Asser  Gcpp,  esq. 

In  Camberwell-grove,  aged  22,  Jaroes  Naime, 
Btngal  CivU  Serv.  eldest  son  of  Capt.  Alexander 
Naime.  H.E.I.C.S. 

Ag«d  6a,  Ann-Tamar,  widow  of  Wm.  Oldfleld, 
eaq.  ofYork. 

At  Bath,  aged  78,  Capt.  W.  Parker,  Bengal  Art. 

At  Rugby,  John-Rowland,  second  son  of  the  late 
Thomas  Vaogh ton,  esq.  of  Pearschay,  Staff. 

At  March,  Camb.  aged  68,  John  Woodward,  esq. 

JToy  19.  At  Bath,  aged  7.'^,  Benjamin  Brown, 
eaa.  late  of  Gapham-common. 

In  Surrey-sq.  aged  53.  Miss  Craig,  sister  of  the 
Ute  David  Cra^,  esq.  of  Bermond^ey. 

At  Brighton,  aged  (t7,  Julia,  widow  of  M^or 
Dickson  of  the  Lite  Guards,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  Gen.  Thomas  Coxe,  Colonel  of  the  Grenadier 
Otiarda,  and  grand-dau.  of  Sir  Charles  Sheffield, 
Bart,  of  Normanby  Hall,  Line. 

Emma-Maria,  infant  dau.  of  Edward  Foas,  esq. 
T.S.A.  of  Street-End  House,  near  Canterbury. 

At  Hampton-court,  the  infant  son  of  Major 
Ormsby  G<h%. 

At  CrimcTa,  at  an  advanced  age,  Lieut.  William 
Nowlan,  h.  p.  9Iat  Regt. 

In  Carey-«t.  Lincoln's-inn.  aged  48,  Cluu-les  Call 
Score,  esq.  solicitor. 

At  Great  Girendale,  Yorluhire,  aged  83,  John 
Singleton,  esq. 

At  Newark,  Ellen,  wife  of  Godfrey  Tallents,  esq. 

In  Lambeth-terrace,  aged  40,  Rlcluird  Taylor, 
esq.  of  the  firm  of  John  Taylor  and  Son,  Redcross- 
•treetjSoutbwark. 

At  Clifton,  near  Bristol,  Sophia,  eldest  surviving 
dAn.  of  the  late  Thomas  TowmiOnd,  esq.  formerly 
of  Grenada. 

At  Kennington,  Lieut.-Col.  James  Whitcomb, 
late  of  the  Royal  Marines. 

At  Torquay,  Emelie-Eliza,  wife  of  Lieut.-Col. 
WUlonghby,  C.B.  Bombay  Art. 

ifoyao.  At  Spalding,  Lincolnshire,  aged  71, 
Charles  Bonner,  esq.  solicitor.  He  was  the  eldest 
•OD  of  Mr.  Bonner,  formerly  of  Fleet-st.  London. 

Aged  68,  Thomas  Brayshaw,  esq.  of  Giggles- 
vick. 

At  Rayne,  Essex,  Julia,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
W.  T.  Carkis,  of  Felstead,  Essex. 

At  Dorking,  aged  78,  the  relict  of  Riclutrd 
Chfnan,  esq. 

At  Highgate,  aged  75,  Mary- Ann,  relict  of  John 
Cwki  esq.  of  the  Navy  Office. 


At  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  a«;ed  74,  Mary  Attn, 

relict  of  John  Denny,  esq.  of  iptwich. 

Aged  21,  William,  second  son  of  James  Dog- 
dale,  of  Ivy-bank,  Burnley,  Lane. 

At  Richmond,  Caroline  Dupuis,  dau.  of  the  latA 
Rev.  George  Dupuis,  Rector  of  Wendlebury. 

At  Clapton,  London,  aged  75,  Mrs.  Maiy  Hep- 
tinstall. 

At  Exeter,  aged  84,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  tba 
Rev.  Robert  Nares,  Archdeacon  of  Stafford,  yonof* 
est  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Samuel  Smith,  ftMr- 
merly  Head  Master  of  Westminster  School.  This 
lady  was  the  third  wife  of  Archdeacon  Nares,  whd 
die<l  March  23.  1829 ;  and  of  whom  a  memoir  bf 
Joseph  Jekyll,  esq.  will  be  found  in  Gent  Mig. 
for  1829 ;  see  also  Nichols's  Literary  Ulustratioiui, 
vii.  578. 

Mary,  relict  of  Capt.  Porter,  of  the  Hon.  E.I.C.S. 
and  last  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  Wood> 
head  of  Elland,  near  Halifiuc,  Torkshire 

At  Burton  Pid8ea,in  Holdemess,  co.  Tork,aMd 
68,  Anne,  widow  of  Isaac  Raines,  esq.  M.D.  (See 
Gent.  Mag.  Jan.  1847.)  She  was  the  elder  surviv- 
ing daughter  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  Robertson,  MA, 
Vicar  of  Sleights  and  Aislaby,  near  Whitby,  who 
died  on  the  17th  of  October,  1824,  aged  80,  tnr  his 
wife  Mary  Easterby,  sister  of  Francis  CresawdL  of 
Cresswell,  esq.  (See  Gent.  Mag.  Oct.  1805.)  Mr. 
Robertson  was  bom  at  Little  Ashy,  near  Applebj, 
and  was  first  cousin  of  the  Rev.  Joset^  Robertson, 
M.A.  Vicar  of  Homcastle,  a  learned  and  vdumi- 
nous  writer,  connected  with  the  Critical  Review 
for  twenty-one  years,  and  a  frequent  correspond* 
ent  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine.  (See  his  Me- 
moirs in  Nichols's  Liter.  Anecd.  vol.  ill.  p.  500, 
et  seq.) 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  80,  Robert  Richardson, 
esq.  surgeon,  late  of  Harrogate. 

At  Whitchurch,  Oxon,  Sarah,  wHb  of  Mr.  Robert 
Smith,  surgeon. 

At  Armley  Lodge,  near  Leeds,  aged  78,  Isaac 
Rimington  Tetley,  esq. 

At  Hill,  Totnes,  aged  73.  CHiarles  Taylor,  esq. 
the  representative  of  an  old  &mily  in  wat  town 
of  which  he  was  repeatedly  mayor. 

Ma)f  21.  At  Torquay,  Elizabeth,  younger  dau. 
of  Joseph  Cowen,  esq.  of  Blaydon  Bum. 

At  Exeter,  Robert,  son  of  the  Ute  (3eorge  (^turrit, 
esq.  comptroller  of  the  customs  at  Newcastle. 

In  Sloane-st.  aged  79,  Saml.  Morgan  Jones,  osq. 

Aged  40,  Henry  Julius  Jones,  esq.  of  Coxin^- 
terrace,  (Tamberwell  New-road,  and  Bury-st.  St. 
James's. 

At  Rome,  Margaret,  wife  of  Ambrose  LacO,  esq. 
of  Beoconsfleld,  near  Liverpool. ' 

At  Coventry,  aged  66,  Sarah,  wife  of  John 
Roughton,  esq. 

At  Budleigh  Salterton,  Devon,  Eliza,  youngotl 
dau.  of  Lieut.-Cren.  Harry  Thomson. 

May  22.    At  Brentwood,  Mrs.  Adlam. 

At  Woodbrook,  Alderley  Edge,  Cheshire,  agod 
23,  Emiiy-Anne,  second  dau.  of  James  Atherton, 
esq.  of  Swinton  House,  near  Manchester. 

At  Blackheath-hiU,  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  lata 
John  Frederick  Bernard,  esq. 

At  Stock  well,  aged  84,  Thomas  WUUam  Car- 
penter, C!»q. 

Aged  78,  Anne-Gerrat,  relict  of  Thomas  Cham- 
bre,  esq.  of  Nottingham-place. 

In  Marlborough-road,  St.  John's-wood,  aged  M, 
Frederick  S.  Grey,  esq.  seventh  son  of  us  late 
Hon.  and  Right  Rev.  Edward  Grey,  Lord  Bishop 
of  Hereford. 

In  Sussex-pi.  Regent's-park,  Fanny,  wife  of  ft. 
D.  Hoblyn,  esq. 

At  Aberayran,  Annette-Rhoda,  in&nt  dau.  of 
Rowley  Lascelles,  esq.  of  Pencndg,  (Tardigin- 
shire. 

At  Merstham,  Surrey,  aged  29,  Eleanor-Hir- 
riot,  wife  of  George  Lyall,  Jun.  esq.  of  Nutwood, 
Gkitton,  near  Reigate,  and  only  child  of  the  Rsv. 
John  Manlev,  Rector  of  Merstham. 

At  Uarpole,  Northamptonshire,  a^ed  68,  John 
Manning,  esq. 


100 


Obituary. 


[July, 


Aged  75,  Mrs.  Anna  Wedderbarn  Ogiivy,  of 
Rnuren,  Forfarshire. 

Aged  78,  Thomas  Stokes,  esq.  of  Bath. 

At  Konigswinter,  Henry  Watts,  esq.  second  son 
of  the  late  William  Watts,  esq.  of  Hanslope  park, 
Bucks. 

Ma^  33.  Aged  77,  Samuel  Fox,  esq.  surgeon, 
ofShoreditch. 

At  Hastings,  Enuna-Owon,  wife  of  Captain  J.  A. 
CHlbert,  Royal  ArtiUery. 

In  London,  aged  51,  Agnes-Marion,  wife  of 
Wm.  Gordon,  esq.  of  Culvennan,  co.  Wigton.  She 
was  the  dau.  of  John  Hyslop,  esq.  of  Lochend,  was 
married  in  1825,  and  had  issue  three  sons  and  two 
danghters. 

At  Strand-on-the-Green,  Laura-Elixabeth,  eldest 
snrrivlng  dau.  of  George  Goldsmith  Kirby,  esq.  of 
Kenaington-park-gardens  East. 

At  Weston-super-Mare,  aged  33,  Mary-Eliza, 
eldest  dan.  of  the  late  Crowley  Millington,  esq.  of 
Greenwich. 

In  D(Hrchester-pl.  Blandford-sq.  aged  74,  Jane, 
relict  of  John  Power,  esq.  of  Bellevue,  Youghal. 

At  Derby,  ageil  33,  Henry  WOmot  Whlston,  so- 
licitor, youngest  son  of  William  Whiston,  esq. 

Maif  84.  In  Cheyne-row,  aged  64,  George  BIyth, 
esq.  (rfthe  Audit  Office,  Somerset  House. 

At  her  son  Frederick's,  aged  75,  Mrs.  S.  A. 
Bryant,  aged  75,  widow  of  Stephenson  Atkin 
Bryant,  formerly  of  Great  Yarmouth,  Norfolk. 

Aged  87,  Sarah,  last  surviving  sister  of  the  late 
Rev.  B.  Chapman,  D.D.  Master  of  Gonville  and 
Cains  College.  Cambridge,  and  Rector  of  Ashdon. 

At  Denmark-hill,  Camberwell,  aged  39,  Robert 
Donaldson,  esq.  only  suniving  son  of  the  late  John 
Donaldson,  e^.  formerly  of  Horsleydown. 

At  Great  Maplestead,  Essex,  aged  G9,  Hannah- 
Gowlett,  wife  of  Philip  Nunn,  esq. 

Aged  53,  Samuel  Rogers,  esq.  solicitor,  of  Bank- 
bnOdingH. 

Aged  71,  Adam  Barker  Slater,  es<i.  of  Chester- 
field. 

In  Gower-pl.  aged  74,  Thomas  Wolrich  Stans- 
feld,  esq.  of  Savile  Houw,  Jersey,  late  of  Bnrley- 
wood,  Yorkshire. 

JKiy  25.  At  Heron-gate,  Brentwood,  John 
Bowles,  esq.  second  son  of  the  late  Henry  Ca- 
rington  Bowles,  esq.  F.S.A.  of  Myddelton  House, 
E^eld. 

Athis  residence,  aged  G9,  Francis  Briggs,  Comm. 
R.N.,  a  nephew  of  the  late  Adm.  Sir  Ross  Don- 
nelly, K.C.B.  He  entered  the  navy  in  1797  on 
boiurd  the  Vestal  28,  and  served  for  sixteen  years 
on  fUl  pay.  On  passing  his  examination  in  Sept. 
1803,  he  was  appointed  by  Lord  Nelson  acting- 
Lientenant  of  the  Halcyon  18,  and  he  received  his 
commission  in  the  following  May.  He  saw  much 
rough  service  in  the  Mediterranean,  and  was 
wonnded  in  an  action  with  three  Spanish  vessels 
in  1806,  for  which  lie  received  a  pecuniary  reward 
firom  the  Patriotic  Fund.  He  accepted  the  rank 
of  retired  Commander  in  1837. 

Suddenly,  at  Blackheath,  aged  GO,  Mr.  Peter 
Courtenay,  surveyor  to  Lloyd's. 

At  Stoke,  Dovonport,  aged  29,  Anne  Harriet 
Creyke ;  and  May  28,  aged  30,  Henry  Creyke,  the 
sole  surviving  childreu  of  the  Ute  Captahi  Creyke, 
H  N 

At  St.  Cross,  near  Winchester,  aged  03,  Harriet, 
wife  of  W.  H.  Earle,  esq. 

At  Templenoe,  near  Fermoy.aged  33.  Augustus 
Mac  Mahon,  esq.  J.P.  son  of  the  late  Right  Hon. 
Sh-  William  Mac  Mahon,  Bart.  Master  of  the  Rolls 
in  Irehmd. 

At  Kelvedon,  Essex,  aged  68,  Mr.  Joseph  Phil- 
lips Patmore,  surgeon,  son  of  the  late  R.  Patmore, 
esq.  of  Colchester. 

At  Putson,  near  Hereford,  Miss  Prince,  an  el- 
derly lady  of  fortune,  kindly  disposition,  and  un- 
bounded generosity.  She  was  discovered  appa- 
i*ently  sitting  in\  the  Hoor,  near  the  window,  in  her 
night  clotlie«i,  her  head  resting  against  the  wall : 
a  piece  uf  new  rope,  skilfully  tied  in  a  uoase,  wa-t 
iDunil  roil  ml  4ier  ne^k,  the  otlier  end  being  fiis- 


tened  to  two  of  the  bars  of  the  window.  The  ver- 
dict was  *'  That  the  deceased  destroyed  herself 
while  in  a  state  of  temporary  insanity."  The  ma- 
ternal uncle  of  the  deceased,  from  whom  she  in- 
herited the  property,  committed  suicide  in  the 
same  house. 

At  Bath,  aged  83,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Stuart. 

At  Scarborough,  aged  70,  Sarah,  relict  of  Josiali 
Fairbank,  esq.  of  Sheffield,  civil  engineer. 

At  Treborough,  Somerset,  aged  81,  Mrs.  Grant, 
mother  of  James  Lyddon,  esq.  surgeon,  Exeter. 

Aged  33,  Mr.  James  W.  Northcote,  chemist  and 
dm^Kist,  Barnstaple,  youngest  son  of  Mr.  George 
Northcote,  surveyor,  of  Exeter. 

H.  B.  Robertson,  esq.  late  of  Leicester. 

At  Marelands,  Etheldred-Harriette,  widow  of 
Thomas  Samuel  Seawell,  esq.  of  Bookham,  Surrey. 

At  Catthorpe,  aged  73.  Mrs.  Ward,  relict  of 
Matthew  Ward,  esq.  of  Chpston,  Northampton- 
shire. 

At  Hastings,  aged  37,  Gertrude-Elizabetli,  wife 
of  Abraham  Wells,  esq.  of  Burlings,  Knockholt, 
Kent. 

At  Lincoln,  in  her  67th  year,  Mary,  wife  of  Ed- 
ward James  Willson,  esq.  F.S.A.  architect.  She 
was  the  only  child  of  the  late  Mr.  Thomas  Mould 
of  Hainton,  and  was  interred  in  the  churchyard  of 
that  village,  near  the  tombs  of  her  parents. 

ifoy  37.  Aged  48,  Catherine,  wife  of  John 
Derbishire,  esq.  snrgeon,  Grafton-st.  Fitzroy-sq. 

At  Brussehi,  aged  13,  Agnes-Elizabeth,  eldest 
dau.  of  Frederick  William  I-ryer,  esq. 

At  Greenwich,  aged  63,  Lieut.-Col.  Francis 
Fuller,  C.B.,  an  old  Waterloo  and  Peninsular 
officer.  He  ser^  ed  with  the  59th  Foot  at  the  battle 
of  Vittoria,  the  si<^e  of  San  Sebastian,  the  battle 
of  Nive,  where  he  was  Mounded,  at  Waterloo,  the 
storming  of  Cambray,  and  capture  of  Paris.  He 
afterwards  proceeded  to  India,  and  was  at  the 
battle  of  Bhurtpore,  under  Lord  Combermere. 
The  deceased  held  three  medals,  vLc.  one  for 
Waterloo,  a  war  medal,  and  a  medal  for  San 
Sebastian. 

At  Leigh  House,  Launcelis,  Miss  Glass,  late  of 
Buckland,  Devon. 

At  Maidstone,  aged  86,  Hannah,  iiidow  of  the 
Rev.  Abraham  Harris,  and  dau.  of  John  Polhill, 
esq.  of  London. 

Aged  3,  Emma-Gertrude,  second  dau.  of  F.  J.  £. 
JervoLv,  esq.  of  Herriard-park,  Hants. 

At  Fh>xfleld,  Berks,  afed  47,  Mary,  relict  of  the 
Rev.  Fred.  Lee,  Vicar  of  Easington  and  Curate  of 
Thame. 

At  Chatham,  Henry  Can*  Lucas,  esq.  staff-as- 
sistant surgeon,  late  of  H.M.  80th  Regt.  and  for- 
merly of  Exeter. 

In  London,  aged  11,  FYederick  Cockayne  Dud- 
ley Ryder,  eldest  son  of  the  Hon.  Frederick  Dud- 
ley Ryder,  and  of  Marian-Charlotte-Emily,  only 
child  of  the  late  Thomas  Cockayne,  esq.  of  Ickle- 
ford  House,  Herts. 

At  Hull,  aged  56.  Jooeph  Ryhinds,  esq. 

Elizabeth,  wife  of  Wm.  Warner,  esq.  of  Cunning- 
ham-pl.  St.  John's  Wood. 

At  New  Cross,  Deptford,  aged  47,  Thomas  Henry 
Young,  es(i.  second  surviving  son  of  the  late  Sam. 
Young,  esq.  of  Parliament-street,  Westminster, 
solicitor ;  and,  Jut^  4,  at  the  same  place,  aged  45. 
Elizabeth,  his  widow. 

Afay  88.  At  Roborough,  Pilton, near  Barnstaple, 
the  wife  of  Thomas  Brovm,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  James  Catherwood,  esq.  of  Cam- 
berwell. 

At  Clapham,  aged  57,  Ellen,  widow  of  Stephen 
Wlldman  Cattley,  e^q.  and  second  dau.  of  the  late 
William  Toulmin,  esq.  of  Croydon. 

At  Lisbon,  on  his  return  from  Malaga,  aged  38, 
Hardman  Earle,  Jun.  esq.  second  son  of  Hardman 
Earle,  esq.  of  AUerton-tower,  Liverpool. 

At  Whiteehapel,  aged  74,  Abraham  Goymer,  esq. 

At  an  advanced  age,  Mary  Campion,  relict  of 
Charles  Hattield,  esq.  of  We^«tlnin8te^. 

Aged  59,  Joseph  Hornby,  e^|.  of  Di  ulir$-CTX>ss. 
near  Li\t}ri>ool. 


1853.] 


Obituary. 


101 


Aged  19,  Charles  Robert,  eldest  son  of  Robert 
Hont,  esq.  Hoddesdon. 

At  Totteridge,  Hert^,  af;ed  85,  Charlotte-Mary, 
youngest  dan.  and  laat  survivini;  child  of  the  late 
Gen.  the  Hon.  Sir  Alexander  Maitland,  Bart. 

Aged  71,  Charles  Mallet,  eaq.  of  Devonshire-st. 
Queen-sq.  yonnger  brother  of  Jolin  Mallet,  Ci*q. 

William  Jennett  Maude,  esq.  of  Langbam-hall. 

In  Albion-pl.  aged  59,  Elizabeth,  youngest  dau. 
of  the  late  Stephen  Pemberton,  esq.  M.B. 

In  SIoane>st.  Mi.<M  Elizabeth  Pope. 

At  Birmingham,  on  his  way  to  Coughton  Court, 
the  seat  of  his  brother  Sir  R.  G.  Throckmorton, 
Bart,  aged  45,  John  Jervis  Courtenay  St.  Vincent 
Throckmorton,  estj.  late  of  Baschurch,Warwicksh. 

At  Ensbury,  near  Longltam,  Charles  Stephen 
Westcott,  esq.  surgeon,  late  of  Ringwood.  He 
sacceeded  to  the  business  of  his  father  many  years 
since,  and  was  one  of  the  most  eminent  practi- 
tioners in  that  part  of  the  country. 

Jiajf  29.  In  Newington-pl.  aged  G7,  William 
Cabell,  esq.  late  of  the  India  Board. 

Aged  61,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Thomas  Freeman, 
esq.  Montpellier-crescent,  Brighton. 

William  Frederick  Goodger,  esq.  surgeon,  in 
Ladbroke-pl.  Notting-hill. 

At  Rochester,  Mi^dalene,  wife  of  Archibald 
Gordon,  M.D.  95th  Regt.  younger  dau.  of  Charles 
Ferrier,  esq.  of  Baddinsgill,  Accountant  in  Edin- 
burgh. 

In  York-tcrr.  Regent's-park,  aged  81,  Sarah, 
widow  of  the  Rev.  William  Holmes,  Rector  of  St. 
Giles's  Cripplegate. 

At  Exmouth,  aged  73,  Mrs.  Ann  Moon. 

In  Manchester-sq.  aged  37,  Charlotte,  relict  of 
James  Powell,  esq.  of  Kent-terr.  Regent's-park. 

At  the  residence  of  his  brother-in-law  Mr.  Steb- 
bing,  at  Paglesham,  aged  52,  Mr.  Hazel  Salmon, 
eldert  son  of  the  late  Hazel  Salmon,  esq.  of  Great 
Oakley. 

At  the  vicarage,  Doncaster,  aged  61,  Sarali,  wife 
of  the  Rev.  J.  Sbarpe,  D.D.  Vicar. 

Aged  98,  John  Waite,  esq.  of  Fishergate  Cottage, 
upwards  of  seventy  years  a  solicitor  in  York. 

J/ay30.  At  Putney,  aged  13,  George-Aylmer, 
eldest  son  of  Col.  and  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Airey. 

At  Lough Iwrough,  Ann,  widow  uf  Mr.  Thomas 
Belcher,  son  of  the  late  Rev.  P.  Belcher,  Rector  of 
Heather  and  Rotherby. 

Aged  16,  Elizabeth-Hubertina,  eldest  dau.  of 
C.  J.  Cornish,  esq.  of  Salcombc  House,  Sidmouth. 
■  Aged  46,  William  Hussey,  esq.  landing-surveyor 
of  her  Majesty's  customs  at  the  port  of  Bristol. 

In  South wick-<TCsc.  Hyde-park,  aged  64,  ilajor 
Lewis  Mackenzie,  late  of  the  Scots  Greys. 

At  Saughfield,  near  Glasgow ,Elizabeth-Malcolm, 
wife  of  John  Kerr,  esq. 

At  Downham.I&le  of  Ely,aged  62,  W.  Martin,  esq. 

At  Exeter, John  Ponsford,  esq.  formerly  uf  More- 
tonbampetead. 

Aged  72,  Mr.  Frederick  Remnant,  of  Lovell's- 
court,  P^temoster-row,  bookbinder,  and  of  Pul- 
lenVrow,  Islington. 

Charlotte-Christiana,  wife  of  Charles  Toller,  esq. 
of  Sydenham,  Kent. 

At  Wisbech,  aged  76,  Robert  Ward,  esq. 

At  Ravenhill,  Rugeley,  Staff,  the  residence  of 
her  brother,  aged  62,  Elizabeth,  youngest  dau.  of 
the  late  James  Wright,  esq.  of  Tamworth. 

At  his  residence,  Hesk  Grange,  near  Hull,  J.  T. 
Wright,  esq.  formerly  of  Exeter. 

May  31.  At  the  residence  of  tiis  mother,  Bris- 
lington,  near  Bristol,  aged  25,  Frederick  Richard 
Berguer,  es<i.  late  6Gth  Regt. 

At  Beccles,  aged  66,  MIsh  A.  Copland. 

In  Wej-raouth-st.  Portland-pl.  the  residence  of 
her  grandfather  W.  A.  Weguelin,  e-sr^.  aged  19, 
Isabella,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Cecil  Greene, 
Rector  of  Fish  bourne,  Sussex. 

At  Kennington,  George  Bartlett  Hart,  esq. 

At  Bath,  aged  76,  Sarah,  relict  of  G.  H.  Tug- 
well,  eati.  of  Crowe  Hall,  near  Bath. 

At  Nice,  aged  15,  Jane,  1.'i<t  surviving  clilld  of 
tlie  late  Tycho  Wing,  esq. 


Latdy.  At  Forres,  aged  123,  Magdalen  Fimlster. 
She  was  16  years  old  when  Prince  Charles  Stuart 
passed  through  Forres  on  his  way  to  Culloden. 

At  Green-row,  Holme  Cultram,  Cumberland, 
aged  48,  John  Saul,  esq. 

Aged  73,  Madame  Van  de  Weyer,  mother  of  the 
Belgian  AmbaMador  at  London. 

On  board  the  Zemindar,  while  returning  from 
Australia  to  rejoin  his  regiment  at  Madras,  aged 
30,  Wm.  Westall,  M.D.  assistant  surgeon  of  H.M. 
94th  Regt.  son  of  Wm.  Westall,  esq.  of  Bath. 

At  Perth,  aged  95,  a  miserable  old  man.  named 
Wilson,  who  earned  a  livelihood  by  public  beg- 
ging. He  was  the  proprietor  of  the  house  m 
which  he  lived,  and  he  has  left  a  chest  containing 
his  stores,  too  heavy  for  the  strength  of  a  single 
man,  containing  35«.  in  forthings,  upwards  of  Ml. 
in  pence  and  hfdf)pence,'about  40/.  in  silver  money, 
and  bank  cheques  to  nearly  400/. 

June  1.  At  Lowland  House,  the  residence  of 
Wm.  H.  Rudd,  esq.  Monkwearmouth,  aged  67, 
Mrs.  Beecroft,  of  Lowhills,  widow  of  Mr.  John 
Beecroft,  brewer,  Sunderland. 

At  the  Bury,  Hemel  Hempstead,  aged  84, 
Sibylla,  relict  of  Harry  Grover,  esq. 

At  Wotton-under-Edge,  Lydia-Martha,  wife  of 
W.  Jackson,  M.D. 

At  Low  Mowthorp,  near  Malton,  aged  71,  Robt. 
Topham,  esq. 

June  2.  In  Judd-st.  John  Haysham  Cort,  esq. 
of  the  Bank  of  England. 

At  Kingsbridge,  Devon,  in  her  90th  year,  Su- 
sanna, relict  of 'llioraas  Darracott,  esq.  R.N. 

At  York,  f^om  disease  of  the  heart,  whilst  on 
duty  on  the  parade  ground,  aged  63,  Anthony 
Graves,  esq.  Capt.  2d  West  York  Light  Inf.  Ho 
entered  the  army  at  an  early  age,  served  at  Co- 
penhagen and  in  the  Peninsula,  and  received  the 
war  medal  with  six  clasps.  He  was  for  27  years 
Adjutant  of  the  2d  West  York  militiu,  and  recently 
redgncd  that  post  to  Capt.  Cobbe.  He  was  in- 
terred in  the  York  cemetery  with  military  ho- 
nours, and  the  funeral  was  witnrased  by  many 
thousand  spectators. 

At  Soutliampton,  Henrietta -Maria,  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev.  W.  llony.  Vicar  of  Liskeard,  Cornwall. 

At  Elm-park,  Drumcondra,  co.  Dublin,  aged  28, 
Anna-Maria,  youngest  dan.  of  Thomas  Hutton,  esq. 

At  Vron  Velo,  Gnilsfleld,  Montgomeryshire, 
aged  69,  Anne,  youngest  dan.  of  the  late  Rev.  Ed- 
ward Jones,  formerly  Vicar  of  Berriew. 

At  Hertingfordbury,  Herts,  Frances,  relict  of 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Lloyd,  Rector  of  Sacombe,  Herts. 

At  Chilton  Grove,  Atcham,  Salop,  aged  41,  the 
Hon.  Charles  Arthur  Wentworth  Horwood  Noel- 
Hill.  He  was  the  4tli  and  youngest  son  of  the  late 
Lord  Berwick,  by  Frances-Maria,  2d  dau.  of  Wm. 
'Mostyn  Owen,  e*^.  He  married  in  1846  Catharine- 
Biary,  eldest  dau.  of  Charles  Marsh  Adams,  esq.  of 
tlie  Abbey,  Shrewsbury,  and  has  left  issue  a  son 
and  a  daughter. 

Suddenly,  at  Oxford,  at  his  son-in-law's  Mr. 
Reinagle,  aged  76,  Thomas  Orger,  esq.  LL.D. 

In  liyde-park-place,  aged  77,  Frances,  widow  of 
Henry  Robinson,  esq.  and  daughter  of  the  late 
Ralph  Clavering,  esq.  of  Callaly  Castle,  Northum- 
berland, by  his  third  wife  Mary,  daughter  of 
Edward  Walsh,  esq. 

At  Castletown,  aged  22,  Caroline-Helen,  dau.  of 
Capt.  Wallace,  late  98th  Regt. 

At  Madeira,  aged  66,  George  Day  Welsh,  esq. 

June  3.  At  Bedford,  aged  69,  Thomas  Bar- 
nard, eM]. 

At  Moffatt,  Dmnfries,  aged  21 ,  Ellen  Rosa  Blake, 
yoimger  dau.  of  George  Hans  BhUte,  esq.  R.N. 

Aged  64,  George  Granville  Grenfell,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  Edward  Card  Griffiths,  es(i.  for- 
merly of  Madras. 

At  Scaftworth,  Notts,  Maria,  wife  of  John 
Hotham,  esq. 

Aged  36,  Thomas  Edward  Johnson,  esq.  of  Lin- 
coln's-inn-fields,  son  of  the  late  James  Johmon,of 
Suffolk-place,  M.D.  , 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  49,  Mary,  relict  of  John 


102 


Obituary. 


[July, 


Thomas  Jostlce,  esq.  barrlster-at-law,  of  Abbey 
Hotue,  Berks,  and  late  of  Parliament-street, 
London. 

At  the  vicarage,  ColUn^fham,  near  Wetherby, 
aged  65,  Mnt.  Medhurst. 

Aged  53,  Richard  Boucher  Callender,  esq.  of 
Clifton,  Glouc. 

At  Long  Mclford,  a^^  70,  Robert  Cream,  esq. 

At  Denbigh,  aged  7G,  Edward  Edwards,  esq. 
late  Commissary  of  the  Ordnance. 

At  Famham,  aged  42,  Edward  Darid  Crosier 
HQllard,  Captain  10th  Royal  Hussars,  unattached. 

At  Sompting  Rectory,  Sussex,  the  Hon.  Frances 
Lake,  youngest  surviving  dan.  of  Gerard  first  Vis- 
count Lake. 

JwMh.  AtHcston,  Middlesex,  aged  7*i,  Mrs. 
Mary  Appleyard,  formerly  of  Albion-street,  Hyde- 
park. 

At  Winchester,  aged  70,  Susannah-Sophia,  wife 
of  John  Bacon,  esq. 

At  Wootton-under-Edgc.  at  her  son  Maior  Bid- 
die's,  aged  83,  Ann,  relict  of  Thomas  Biddfe,  gent, 
attomey-at-law,  whom  she  survived  46  years. 

In  Lonilon,  aged  53,  Mr.  Thomas  Sweetlove 
Dowton,  formerly  leasee  and  manager  of  the  Can- 
terbury and  Margate  Theatres.  Mr.  Dowton  was 
extensively  known  in  the  theatrical  and  musical 
world ;  he  also  occasionally  lectured,  as  an  ama- 
teur, on  the  Hcience  of  phrenology  at  the  Philoso- 
phical Institute  at  Canterbury,  and  at  other  towns. 
i3m  was  a  man  of  considerable  talents,  and  was 
nephew  to  the  celebrated  actor  of  that  name. 

in  Qrove-end-road,  St.  John's-wood,  Miss  Ellen 
Foshall,  sister  of  Edward  Martin  Fo^diall,  esq.  of 
South  Audley-strect. 

At  Newcastle,  aged  83,  Mary,  widow  of  the  Rev. 
John  Fumess,  Pontcland. 

At  Llscard,  Cheshire,  tlie  wife  of  Thomas  Joyn- 
Bon,  esq.  of  Liverpool. 

At  Uckfleld.  Margaret,  oldest  dau.  of  the  late 
lliomas  Kilgour,  esq.  of  Bethelnic,  N.B. 

At  Moulton  rectory,  Mary-Ann,  youngest  child 
of  the  late  John  Mortlock,  esq.  of  Oombrldge,  and 
aifltar  of  the  Kcv.  Edmund  Mortlock,  B.D.  Rector 
of  Ifonlton. 

KfltA  48,  Miss  Sarah  Palmer,  of  Leamington. 

In  Golden-sq.  aged  21.  Henry-Mackworth,  only 
ton  of  the  late  John  Mxu'k worth  Wood,  esq. 

At  Edgbaston.  age<l  3f>,  Dr.  Wright. 

JwM  6.  At  Thaxted,  aged  83,  Sarah,  widow  of 
the  Rev.  Stephen  J.  Aldrlch,  Rector  of  Chickney, 
Eflsex. 

Aged  69,  Tho."*.  Apjileby,  esq.  of  Ripou,  surgeon. 

Aged  .53,  Ralph  Hates.  %m\.  of  Milboume  Hall, 
Northumberland . 

At  the  Manor  Hou!»e,  Teddington,  aged  37. 
Flourance  John  Benson,  esq.  of  tlie  Inner  Temple, 
■ecotid  surviving  son  of  Thos.  Starling  Benson,  esq. 

Suddenly,  aged  62.  Alexander  Hiam  Cohen,  esq. 
formerly  of  Devonxhirc-^t.  Portland-pl. 

At  Brussels,  Alfreil,  younge>»t  son  of  the  lato 
GMrge  Duraut,  ei»\.  of  Tongue  Castle,  Salop. 

At  Brighton,  aged  38,  Miss  Sarah  Peitd  Gye. 

At  Bath,  aged  77,  Sonih,  relict  of  Sam.  Hntchins, 
esq.  of  Earl's  Conrt,  KeuHington. 

At  Old  Chiirlt(m,  Kent,  aged  86.  Jane,  wife  of 
Augustus  Ironmonger,  esq. 

Aged  73,  Anne,  relict  of  S.  A.  Leeks,  esq.  late  of 
the  war  Office. 

Arthur  Stillwell,  M.D.  of  Moorcroft  House,  Hil- 
lin^on. 

Suddenly,  from  di^'iiMj  of  the  heart,  aged  4m, 
Frances-Maria,  wife  of 'Hionifts  Arthur  Stone,  esq. 
of  Curxon-tit.  May  Fair. 

At  Uuuibcrstonc,  Leic.  aged  79,  William  Tallby, 
esq. 

June  7.  At  Newcastle,  aged  91 ,  Mary,  widow  of 
the  Rev.  ,Tame«»  Birkett,  Vicar  of  Ovingham. 

At  the  house  of  her  »on  Henry  Braddock,  esq. 
Bury  St.  E<lmund'B,  aged  92,  Lydia,  relict  of  Mr. 
Henry  Braddock,  of  Bfockley,  Suffolk. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  63,  W.  Burroughs,  esq. 
Col.  Hon.  riast  liulUi  Co.'s  Service,  Bengal  Army. 
'  At  Botilui^ne-sur-Mer,  Kohert  Honti^^  Hume, 


esq.  formerly  of  LincolnVinn-fields,  and  Cumber- 
land-terr.  Regent's-park. 

At  Stratford,  near  Salisbury,  R.  F.  Lindoe,  esq. 
M.D.  late  of  Sion  Lodge. 

In  London,  aged  24,  Edward  Oldnall  Russell, 
esq.  eldest  son  of  the  late  Sir  >Vllliam  Oldnall  Rus- 
sell, Chief  Justice  of  Bengal. 

At  Bridgwater.  Joel  Spiller,  esq.  after  a  short 
illness  occasioned  by  a  fall. 

At  Mortimer-villas,  Mortimer-road,  De  Beauvolr 
town,  aged  53,  Richard  Wade,  esq. 

At  Newnham  Court,  Wore,  aged  67,  Vincent 
Wood  Wheeler,  esq. 

X84,  Thomas  Trevor  White,  esq.  formerly, 
forty  years,  of  the  Secretary's  Office,  H.M. 
Customs,  Dublin,  and  coushi  of  the  late  Earl  Mac- 
artney, K.B. 

Junt  8.  At  Rosemont,  Loose,  Kent,  Dulcibella 
Bell,  second  dau  of  the  late  Henry  Bell,  of  New- 
beggin  House,  Northumberland,  esq. 

In  Bedford-sq.  aged  65,  Miss  Eleonora  Black- 
bum,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  William  Black- 
bum,  of  Southwark,  esq.  architect. 

At  St.  Mary's-road,  Canonbury,  aged  66,  Dr. 
Rol)6rt  Brlen,  surgeon  R.N. 

At  Clifton,  John  Downie,  esq.  late  First  Puisne 
Judge  of  the  Snpreme  Court  in  British  Guiana. 

At  Lee-road,  Blackheath,  aged  38,  Nathaniel 
Brown  Engleheart,  esq.  eldest  son  of  Nathaniel 
Brown  Engleheart,  of  Doctor»'  Commons,  esq. 

At  Chester-sq.  aged  81,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Gore, 
widow  of  the  Hon.  W.  J.  P.  Gore,  and  mother  to 
the  Earl  of  Arran.  She  was  Caroline,  fifth  and 
youngest  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Pym  Hales, 
Bart  by  Mary,  dau.  of  Gervas  Ha}'wood,  esq.  and 
widow  of  George  Coussmaker,  esq. ;  she  was 
married  in  1798,  and  was  left  a  widow  in  1836, 
having  had  issue  a  numerous  &mlly,  of  whom 
Phillp-Yorke,  the  eldest  survivor,  succeeded  his 
uncle  in  the  peerage  in  1837,  and  the  others  were 
raised  to  the  precedency  of  Earl's  children. 

lby-£lizabeth,  widow  of  John  Hodgett:*,  esq. 
Dudley,  Worcesteraliire. 

At  Rood-lane,  aged  82,  Patrick  Home,  esq.  mer- 
chant, and  of  Clay-hDl,  Enfield.  Mr.  Home  was 
for  upwards  of  forty-five  years  connoted  with  the 
trade  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

At  Sidmouth.  Elizat>cth,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  Sir  Wm.  Pilkington,  Bart,  of  Chevet  Hall, 
near  Wakefield. 

At  Loughton,  E.ssex,  aged  91,  Elizabeth-Martha, 
widow  of  Thomas  Robins,  esq.  shipbroker. 

Aged  72,  Profisasor  Sewell,  of  the  Royal  Veteri- 
nary College,  an  officer  of  that  institution  for  flft}*- 
four  years. 

Aged  66,  Tlionias  Sladcn,  esq.  of  Mearclougb 
House,  near  Halifax. 

In  Islington,  Eliza-Maluila,  wife  of  Robert  Web- 
ster, esq.  late  of  Blandfleld  Houm,  Edinburgh. 

June  9.  At  Peutonvillc,  age«l  29,  John  Gordon 
Bailey,  F.R.S.  &c.  who  committed  suicide  by  swal- 
lowing a  large  quantity  of  essential  oil  of  almonds. 
He  was  the  autlior  of  several  medical  works,  and 
lecturer  on  midwifery  to  the  Hunterian  School  of 
Medicine.  The  jury  returned  a  venlict  of  Insanity. 

At  Whithorse,  WIgtonshire,  aged  71.  Miss  Isa- 
bella Lawson,  sister  of  James  Lawson,  esq.  of 
Whitliorse,  formerly  of  Jamaica. 

At  Chudleigh,  Devon,  Martha,  widow  of  Wm. 
Mackie,  ei«q.  of  Sidmoutli,  formerly  President  of 
the  Medical  Board  of  Bombay. 

June  10.  In  Harley-pl.  Bow,  aged  57,  Eliza,  the 
wife  of  Thomas  Ansell,  M.D. 

At  Bamxtaple,  ai^od  70,  Mr.  I.saac  Brightwell, 
for  nearly  half  a  century  a  bookseller  and  stationer 
in  that  town. 

At  tlie  house  of  Mr.  Cliu-les  Monkman,  of  Mal- 
ton,  aged  71,  Sarah,  relict  of  George  £[all,  esq.  of 
Norton. 

At  Knightsbridge,  aged  77,  Ann,  widow  of  Geo. 
Macqulstin,  esq.  of  Kensington. 

At  Sketchley  Hall,  Leice-Htcn^hire,  aged  65,  Wll- 
liam  Mllhouse,  esq. 

At  Chelmaford,  Capitaoo  il  Oonte  Carlo  Isidore  di 


1853.] 


Obituary. 


103 


mollis,  professor  of  SpaniiUi,  Italian,  and  French, 
son  of  Uie  Marquis  di  Miollis,  a  distingaiHhed  Gene- 
ral under  Napoleon  Bonaparte.  The  deceased  was 
also  in  the  army,  and  at  the  conclusion  of  the  war 
was  for  many  years  engaged  teaching  modem  lan- 
guages in  various  families  of  distinction  in  Essex 
and  the  neighbouring  counties;  he  afterwards 
followed  hla  literary  profession  in  Dublin,  and  in 
the  United  States  of  America  for  about  twenty 
years.  About  two  years  and  a  half  since  he  re- 
turned to  Europe,  with  the  view  of  arranging  his 
affairs,  and  meeting  witli  one  of  his  old  pupils  he 
remained  in  Chelmsford  until  his  decease. 

At  Kensington,  Bethia-Crawford,  wife  of  D.  W. 
Pearae,  esq.  surgeon,  late  of  tlie  Commercial-road. 

Jutu  II.  At  Crouch-end,  Homsey,  Middlesex, 
Mary  Bullock,  eldest  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  D. 
C.  Bullock,  esq.  of  Queen-sq.  Bloomsbury. 

Aged  5'i,  William  Aislabie  Eade,  esq.  barrister- 
at-Iaw,  of  Old-sq.  Lincoln's-inn,  and  the  Albany, 
Piccadilly.  He  was  of  Balliol  college,  Oxford,  B.A. 
1823,  MA.  1827,  and  was  called  to  the  bar  in  the 
latter  year. 

Aged  69,  Alexander  Hamilton  Hamilton,  esq.  of 
the  Retreat. 

At  Miss  Bools'n,  Bridport,  where  she  had  been 
only  a  few  days  as  a  visitor,  aged  61,  the  wife  of 
the  Rev.  D.  Nantes,  of  Powderham  Rectory. 

At  Blackheath,  aged  51 ,  Ann-Maxwell,  widow  of 
John  Parley,  esq.  late  of  Notting-hill. 

At  Earl's-court,  Tunbridge  Wells,  aged  77,  Mrs. 
Tlghe,  widow  of  William  Tighe,  esq.  M.P.  of  Wood- 
stock, CO.  of  Kilkenny.  She  was  the  dau.  and  co- 
heiress of  Daniel  Gahan,  es<i.  of  Coolquil,  co.  Tip- 
parary,  M.P.  for  Fethard,  and  eventually  co- 
heiress to  her  maternal  uncle  Matthew  Buubury, 


esq.  of  Kilfeach,  co.  Tipperaiy.  She  was  married 
to  Mr.  Tighe  in  1793,  and  left  his  widow  in  1816, 
having  had  issue  two  sons,  the  present  Mr.  Tighe, 
of  Woodstock,  Daniel  Tighe.  esq.  of  Rossanna,  and 
one  daughter,  the  wife  of  Lord  Patrick  Crichton- 
Stuart. 

At  Pinner,  Middle.%x,  in  her  86th  year,  Sarah, 
relict  of  the  Rev.  George  West,  A.M.  Rector  of 
Stokc-next-Guilford  (who  died  in  1831 ;  see  Gent. 
Mag.  vol.  CI.  part  i.  p.  G48),  only  daughter  and 
heiress  of  the  late  Francis  Crenz^,  esq.  and  niece 
to  John  Creuz^,  e»<q.  High  Sheriff  of  Surrey  1788. 
Mrs.  West  leaver  ;one  son,  Francis  George  Weft, 
esq.  barristcr-at-law,  who  is  married,  and  has  five 
children  ;  and  one  daughter,  also  married,  but  lus 
no  ffunily.  Her  remains  were  interred  at  Lejrton, 
Essex,  on  the  aist. 

At  Kilbum,  aged  49,  Mary,  second  surriying 
dau.  of  the  late  John  Dickenson,  esq.  formerly  of 
Tottenham. 

At  Thornton-hall,  Yorkshhre,  aged  69,  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Sir  Charles  Dodsworth,  Bart.  She  was  ^e 
only  dau.  of  John  Armstrong,  esq.  of  Lisgold,  by 
the  Hon.  Sophia  Blayney,  dau.  of  Cadwallader  9th 
Lord  Blayney,  and  was  married  in  1808. 

At  the  Brazilian  Legation,  in  Mansfleld-st.  Port- 
land-pl.  Madame  Macedo,  wife  of  the  BraziUan 
Minister  at  this  court.  She  was  an  English  lady, 
and  has  left  a  young  family. 

June  16.  At  £lmsley|Houso,  Steeton,  Yorkshire, 
in  his  36th  year.  Thomas  Garforth,  esq.  J. P.  the 
representative  of  a  very  ancient  family  at  that 
place. 

JuM  21 .  At  Brighton,  aged  24,  Mary  Olirla, 
eldest  daughter  of  Edwd.  Robert  Porter,  esq.  of  that 
place,  and  wife  of  Edward  Latham  Ormerod,  M.D. 


TABLE  OF  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OF  LONDON. 
{From  the  Returns  itaued  by  the  Registrar^  OeneraW) 


Deaths  Registered 

5^ 

Week 

ending 

,1 

PQ'3) 

Saturday, 

Under    15  to 

60  and   1  Age  not  •  Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

28  . 

15.    !     60. 

upwards,  specified. 

& 

May 

505       372 

220     \      31 

1128 

574 

554 

1561 

June 

4  . 

465       354 

198     :       11 

1028 

523           505 

1444 

ft 

11  . 

453       360  1 

189     '       11 

1013 

521 

492 

1508 

r> 

18  . 

440       303 

174             3 

920 

475 

445 

1409 

AVERAG 

rE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  J 

UNE  24. 

Wheat. 

Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

I 

)eans. 

Peas. 

8, 

d. 

«.    d. 

8,    d. 

«.    d. 

«.    d. 

«.    d. 

45 

0 

29     1 

18  11 

30  1 

1 

38  11 

34     6 

PRICE  OF  HOPS,  Junk  27. 
Sussex  Pockets,  5/.  bs.  to  6/.  0«. — Kent  Pockets,  5/.  5«.  to  8/.  0«. 


PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  Junk  27. 

Hay.  3/.  5*.  to  4/.  5*.— Straw,  1/.  8*.  to  1/.  14j.— Clover,  3/.  15«.  to  5/.  3». 

SMITHFIELD,  June  27.    To  sink  the  Offal—per  stone  of  81bs. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  June  27. 


Beef 3«. 

Mutton 3«. 

Veal 4*. 

Pork 3*. 


2d.  to  4«.  6<f. 
Ad.  to  \8.  \Qd. 
Od.  to  5*.  Od. 
■id.  to  is.    id. 


Beasts 3,830    Calves  388 

Sheep andLambs   29,610    Pigs      305 


COAL  MARKET,  June  24. 

Walls  Ends,  &c.  14«.  3d,  to  27«.  Od,  per  ton.    Other  sorts,  14«.  3d.  to  168.  6</. 
TALLOW,  per  cwt.^Town  Tallow,  50«.  9d.     Yellow  Ruaaia^  5l«.  Qd. 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  CAKY,  Strand. 
From  May  S6,  le  June  8J,  1853,  both  ineturine. 


Pnhreiiheil-s  Tlierm 

,■ 

Fahrenheit's  Therm. 

t-s 

S.Sl   =" 

S!i     e                   ,s.s  g.£    c    Si,    1 

II 

It 

1^^  1  1  *""■"■  !'^I'!M  ,1^'i  -  ;  '"-''- 

M.J 

'   'in.pts.''                           June'     •    ]     "    ■     "    ,in.pts.] 

28 

59  ■  73 

60  las.  60  !rur,  cloadf   ll  11 

76  :76  '  58  129,76  f,iir,cldy,rain 

87 

67     7a 

GO  1     ,6t '^da.  do.  run   ''  IS 

64  :  64     59  ;      ,76   ddj.  fair,  rain 

28 

60    ;    60 

51   1     ,71   !do.  do.  do.         13 

55  1  55  ,  49  1     ,76  m.^-Unl  rain 

29 

51  ,  60 

jl   1     ,97  .do.  do.  do. 

11 

62     62     56  '     ,93  cloi..tv,  rain 

30 

5i  .  61 

5d  1     ,  96    do.  liMl,  do. 

15 

70     70  .  58  ,30,01   line,  ddy.  ra. 

31 

52  i  55 

53  !     ,  1)7    clouJj,  r«r 

16 

72  .  72  ,  58        ,01-  do.  do.  do. 

J.  I 

51      3] 

59 

,  92  i  do.  do. 

17 

78  '  72  '  56  !      .04  'do,  do. 

8 

49 

58     5 

■»,  01  '  do.  do.  raia 

19 

69  ,  69     59  129.  98  do,  do. 

3 

62 

62     5> 

,  10    do.  do. 

19 

60  ■  60     58  !      ,68  Ihcavy  rain 

4 

60 

60     52 

as.  97  '  do-  do. 

SO 

57     62  '  52  1     .  58'cdj,hvj.«hn. 

5 

67 

67     54 

,  89    fair,  clondj 

81 

56  ,  59     56  '      ,  65  Jo.  do.  do. 

6 

67 

67     ai 

,'JI    ddy.  lair,  rn. 

22  '  58  '  62     55        ,  M  fr.  cdy.shwrs. 

7 

6B 

69  1  59 

,  99  :ff.ir 

23  1  58     69     59  j     ,11  .fair 

B 

74 

7*  1  59 

30,  06    do.  cloady 

21     67     79     56'     ,  67  ■f.c.li.ih.th.lg. 

B 

67 

67  1  61 

,  05  1  L-ldy.fr.>ll.rn. 

25     59     66     61  1     .71    min 

10 

70 

70 

61 

29,  01    cldy,  rain,  fair 

1             1 

DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS. 


1  1 

^1  ^A^hii  1 

El.  Bilk 
^1000. 

26  230 

99^ 

Utt*   1024 IMl .tOpm. 

100|   1024 991 3025pm 

lOOi   102}   5i     99(114   25  pm. 

par. 

30 

par 

2  pm. 

31230; 

par. 

2%. 

1230 

a 

lOOi    102f 25  pm. 

Idis 

2  pm. 

22301 

lOOi   102     5i     99j 264   20  22  pm 

par 

1pm. 

32291 

99 

lOlJ    4    100    260    2125  pm 

par 

1pm. 

99 

1014  6      100 23  27  pm 

2 

5  pm. 

6 

981- 

1011   5*   100 25  29  pm 

2 

6  pm. 

7230 

99i 

1102  1  5J   , ,263  1  32  pm. 

3 

9  pm. 

8;229 

99» 

'102   -Li ' 1 1  28  pm. 

5 

S^m. 

9  229 

99)- 

.101      SI  1 ; 29  32pni 

101   1001 1 32  pm. 

6 

pm. 

10229 

^S^ 

S 

8  pm. 

11 228) 

m 

101      51  ' 33  pm. 

8 

5^m. 

13 

'^ 

101   1  G    : 28  33  pm 

. _101      6 

3 

7  pm. 

14  229) 

2 

5  pro. 

15  22S) 

991 

101   :i_ 332Bpm 

2 

5?m. 

16229 

%\ 

101      51 3228pm 

1 

4  pm. 

17 228 j 

101    . 29pm. 

3 

5  pm. 

18  229 

9S| 

3 

6  pm. 

20  229} 

3 

101     5i   100   . 29pm. 

3 

6  pm. 

21229 

101     6 29  pm. 

e 

2  pm. 

22  2291 

99 

5 

2%. 

23  229  1 

99 

101     51 . 28  pm. 

5 

2  pm. 

24  229) 

99 

102 28pm, 

2  pm. 

25 

99| 

102J' ■ 

2 

J.  J.  ARNULL,  Stock  ud  Share  Broker, 

3,  Copthall  Chamber!,  Angel  Court, 

ThroKmorton  Street,  LondoD. 

O  f  ONS,  PRIMTIM,  86|  FJLKLIAIIIHT  ■niBIT. 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 

AMD 

HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 

AUGUST  1853. 


CONTENTS. 

PAOI 

MIKOR  CORRESPONDENCE.— Lord  Chancellor  JeAneys— Mr.  Randle  Wllbrahjun— Statue  hj 

RaffMllein  Ireland— Knights  Banneret 106 

State  Papen  of  the  Reig^  of  Henrj  the  Eighth 107 

Madame  de  LongueTille « Il6 

The  Prospero  of  ** The  Tempest*' 122 

Letter  of  Major  Patrick  Ferguson ,  written  during  the  American  War 1S7 

Wanderings  of  an  Antiquary:   by  Thomas  Wright,  Esq.  F.S.A.  —  No.   XI. 

Bramber  Castle  and  the  Early  Church  Architectare  of  Sussex 132 

St.  Hilary  Church,  Cornwall  (iriM  an  Engraving) 136 

Autobiography  of  Benjamin  Robert  Haydon 140 

The  Northern  Topographers — Raine's  North  Durham 147 

Passage  of  the  Pruth — Letter  of  Count  Munich  in  the  year  1 739 1^2 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN.— Early  History  of  the  Post-Offlce— if  Peep 
at  the  Library  of  Chichester  Cathedral— The  Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity  at  Norwich  before 
the  Removal  of  the  See  from  Thetford :  its  deMfniation  at "  Christ's  Church"— The  Rey.Wm. 
Smith  of  Melaonby— Oodmanham  and  Londesborongh— Extracts  from  tlie  R^^ter-Books 
of  the  Parish  of  Halifax   168 

NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH.— Meetinjc  of  the  Archaeoloffical  Institute  at  Chichester— The  Arch«- 
ological  Association — Sussex  Archaeological  Society— Roman  Pavements  at  Bignor— Con- 
versazioni at  the  Mansion  House— The  Numismatic  Society— Universities  of  Oxford  and 
Cambridge— School  of  Design  at  Bombay— Monument  to  the  late  Bishop  Kaye— Memorial 
Window  in  Winchester  Cathedral— Penidons  charged  upon  the  Civil  List — PersoniU  Scira- 
tiflc  Distinctions— Egyptian  Galleries  at  the  Louvre— Roman  Coins  found  in  America- 
Panorama  of  Mexico— Pictnrcs  selected  by  Prizeholders  of  tlie  Art  Union — Duchess  of  Bed- 
ford's Pictures— Dr.  Hawtrey's  Library— Napoleon  Relics— Engraved  English  Portraits — 
Antiquities  of  Shropshire- Mr.  Storey's  Picture  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne IflS 

HISTORICAL   AND    MISCELLANEOUS   REVIEWS.— Thomas's   Handbook    to   the  Public  ' 

Records,  173 ;  Lindsay's  History  and  Coinage  of  the  Parthians,  173  ;  Jackson's  History  of 
the  Ruined  Church  of  St.  Mary  Magdalene  at  Doncaster.l  174 ;  Lorenzo  Benonl,  175 ;  Dr. 
Croly's  Church  of  England  founded  on  Scriptnre.  177  ;  Riley's  Translation  of  Plautus.  178  ; 
British  Quadrupeds  and  British  Birds,  178 ;  Cretins  and  Idiots,  179  ;  Works  on  Prophecy, 
byTregelles,  Douglas,  and  Richer,  179;  Fables  de  Gay,  par  le  Chev.  de  Chatelain,  180; 
Sedgewick  on  Public  Industrial  Schools ISO 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES— Meeting  at  Chichester  of  the  ArchSBological  Institute,  181  ; 

llie  Bury  and  Suffolk  Archieological  Institute,  187  ;  Newcaatle  Society  of  Antiquaries  ....        IM 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.— Foreign  News,  188  ;  Domestic  Occurrences    190 

Promotions  and  Preferment*,  192 ;  Births,  193 ;  Marriages  19S 

OBITUARY ;  with  Memoirs  of  the  Graad  Duke  of  Saxe  Weimar ;  The  Valide  Sultana ;  The 
Marquess  of  Huntly ;  The  Earl  of  Wemyss  and  March ;  Major-Gen.  Howard-Vyse ;  James 
Oswald,  Esq. ;  Maurice  O'Connell,  Esq.  M.P. ;  Commander  J.  II.  Bridges,  R.N. ;  James 
Harmer,  Esq. ;  Robert  James  Graves,  M.D. ;  N.  C.  Scatcherd,  Esq.  F.S.A. ;  Robert  Bald- 
win Sullivan,  Esq. ;  Joseph  Cottle,  Esq. ;  Mons.  C.  L.  Rollln ;  Signor  B.  Sangioranni . . . .  197— S07 

CtKaoT  DscsASCD S07 

Dbatos,  arranged  in  Chronological  Order  309 

Registrar-General's  Retiums  of  Mortality  in  the  Metropolis — Markets,  215 ;  Meteorological 

Diary— Daily  Price  of  Stocks    216 


By   SYLVANUS  URBAN,   Gbnt. 


MIXOECO 


4 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 

HISTORICAL   REVIEW. 


STATE  PAPERS  OF  HENRY  VIII. 


THESE  papers  relate  to  tbe  reign 
of  Eing  Henrj  VTIl.— a  period  which 
wili  DETer  lo«e  its  iot«re«t  in  tlie  laiads 
ofhuturicnl  inquirers.  It  nas  the  great 
Mn  of  the  revival  of  intellect  anertlie 
torpidity  of  tlie  du-k  agea  ;  the  birth' 
time  of  ecelesiaatical  reforniatioD  ;  an 
■ge  not  less  distioguisbed  b;  tbc  grand 
(jualities  than  bjthe  toucbing  rcveraes 
and  loisforlunei  of  mntiy  oJ  its  tnoBt 
(liitioguitbed  charactera.  It  iras  the 
but  epoch  of  expiring  cbivalrj  ;  the 
periotf  from  wbich  wb  are  to  date  the 
gradual  rise  of  modern  arts,  manners, 
and  feelings,  the  eniancipation  of  a  large 
portion  of  ibe  human  race  from  priestly 
thraldom,  the  uoirersnl  improvement 
in  all  things  tendinj;  towards  civilisa- 
tion, the  multiplication  of  the  comforts 
of  mankind,  and  the  removal  of  manj' 
of  the  ancient  barriers  to  human  free- 
dom and  happiness.  We  rejoice  to  be 
led  once  ngain  to  Ibe  contemplation  of 
this  interesting  age,  even  at  the  sacri- 
fice of  time  and  patience  which  arc  in- 
Tolved  in  the  perasal  of  these  ponderous 
quaruie.  Thcj  contain  a  selection  from 
Uie  Foreign  Correspondence  of  tbe 
Sngliah  (^urt ;  letters  to  and  from 
Henrj  VHI.  bis  ministers  and  ambas- 
•tdorf,  and  all  tbe  sovereigns  and  po- 
tentates of  tbe  then  civibsed  world. 
They  are  valaeble  documcntj,  but  are 
iinconneclcd  by  anj  narrative,  and 
their  perusal  is  little  assisted  by  notes 
or  prefatory  cuplanation.  Altogether 
they  are  about  as  untenipting  volumes 
as  we  have  seen  for  many  a  day. 
They  may  be  said  to  commeoce  in 


1518,  when  Wolsejr  had  pretty  well 
established  himself  in  the  good  graces 
of  a  youthful  sovereign,  whose  appro- 
bation was  descending  upon  his  fa- 
vourite in  a  sbower  of  preferment.  At 
tbe  close  of  that  year  Wolser  obtained 
the  bishopric  of  Lincoln,  and  tbe  King 
even  solicited  the  Pope  (Leo  X.)  to 
remit  id  his  case  tbe  customary  pay- 
ment of  first  fruits.  His  mi^esty  was 
refused,  but  tbe  Pope  declared  that 
be  understood  Wolsey  to  be  a  man 
of  distinguished  prudence,  of  sound 
faith,  and  much  devoted  to  the  business 
of  his  master,  and  therefore  promised 
to  give  him  on  a  future  occasion  some 
recompense  for  tbe  cnstomary  payment 
(vi.  30).  This  answer  was  dated  7th 
February,  ISU.  Before  the  close  of 
the  same  year  tbc  pontiff  was  coll^ 
upon  to  raise  Wolsey  to  tbe  see  of 
Vorli.  In  the  year  following  be  was 
created  a  Cardinal,  and  appointed 
Legate  and  Lord  Chancellor.  From 
that  time,  for  a  period  of  nearly  twenty 
years,  be  reigned  supreme  in  Englano. 
The  King  was  a  mere  puppet  in  his 
hands.  EvecT  one  paid  court  to  this 
"  eldest  son  of  fortune,"  and  the  policy 
of  England  was  made  to  bend  and 
change  as  seemed  most  likely  to  pro- 
mote bis  personal  interest  and  advance- 
ment. "  Drunk  "  as  he  was  "  with 
Erosperily,"  to  use  words  applied  to 
im  by  Archbishop  Warham,  be  yet 
conducted  himself  lor  many  years  with 
infinite  ability  both  towards  tbe  King 
and  the  other  sovereigns  of  Europe. 
Fond  of  splendour,  he  indulged  nis 


106  SiaU  Papers  o, 

Uste  in  a  wooderfiil  di^>U j  of  all  the 
brarenes  witli  which  the  Chnrch  of 
Rome  surnrands  its  highest  fonctioo- 
aries.  Whepcrer  he  went  crosses,  pQ- 
lan,  and  maces  preceded  him,  and  he 
waa  auiiouuded  by  nshers,  chaplains, 
and  fonctiooaries  almost  innumerable. 
He  was  especiallj  anxious  to  main- 
tain his  disnitj  on  foreign  embassies, 
and  doubtless  in  that  waj,  in  that 
age  of  semi-barbarom  magnificence,  he 
eootribated  to  raise  the  importance  of 
hia  master  in  the  estimation  of  other 
aorereigns.  To  all  this  fopperj,  as  it 
almort  seemed,  was  nnonestionablj 
eoDJoined  great  skill  in  the  manage- 
BMnt  of  affairs  of  business.  The  fol- 
lowing, which  is  the  first  letter  in  the 
book  of  anj  ralue,  is  Wolsej^s  prirate 
Towrt  to  Henry  VIIL,  as  to  what  sort 
OK  person  he  found  the  joung  Emperor 
Cluiries  Y.  to  be.  It  contains  unques- 
tionable  eridence  of  Wolsej*s  skill  in 
leading  the  characters  of  the  men 
amongst  whom  he  mored,  wh3st  its 
flattery  of  Henry*s  lust  of  power  gires 
a  due  to  the  particular  weaknesses  in 
the  Kinff  through  the  encouragement 
of  which  Wolsey  maintained  himself 
in  ftrour.  Wolsey's  sUle  of  compo- 
lition,  it  may  be  remarked,  was  by  no 
means  a  good  one.  It  was  a  formal, 
lenl,  tantologons  style.  His  sentences 
orien  read  like  an  Act  of  Parliament. 

Syre, — ^Tbes,  wrjtteo  with  mjn  owne 
hand,  ihalbe  oody  to  advertyse  your  grace, 
what  I  do  perceyre  and  see  in  tbeEm- 
pcror's  owne  panoae,  wych  I  assure 
yoar  grace,  for  hys  age,  jrt  rtry  wyttj  and 
weltmdyr$tandyng  hy$  qfetyt,  fygth  eolde 
mmd  iemperai  in  tpecke,  tciik  atnuryd  ma- 
ner,  eowekyng  hy$  worde$  rfgtk  wei,  and 
la  good  purpose,  wAfm  he  dotke  tpeke. 
Ami  9»dotrgttifdlg,  by  mil  apparanetj  he 
$ktdl  prove  a  verg  wg$e  moM,  gretly  ia- 
diacd  to  trowgtb,  and  obserrance  of  bys 
proflnyse,  determynd  aat  onely  &stly, 
holly,  and  enterly  for  eryr  from  hens 
fortbe,  to  be  joynd  with  yoar  grace,  lery- 
iag  all  other  practyse  and  intellygens 
apart;  but  aLio  io  all  hys  afferys  to 
take  and  folowe  yoar  cownsell  and  ad- 
ryie,  and  no  thyng  to  do  witboat  the 
same.  And,  lycke  as  yoor  grace  hath 
yoor  syognler  affyance  in  me,  putty ng  the 
bnrdeyn  of  your  afferys  on  my  shnldres, 
tiiowgth  I  knowleg  my  sylf  fere  onmete 
for  the  same,  so  he  ys  determynd  to  do 
for  hys  parte.  And  hereonto  he  hatii  nat 
onely  bowndyn  hym  sylf  to  me  a  parte, 
twys  or  tbrys,  by  hys  feyth  and  trowthe 
geryn  in  my  hande  ;  bat  also  he  hath  to 


VIIL 


[Aug. 


erery  one  of  yo«r  Prery  CounseU  in  most 
nr— ^■n*'  wyae  dedaryd  the  same,  in  socfae 
Bauer  and  Ikumi  as  we  all  may  peicejwe 
that  the  same  proccdyth  of  hys  harte, 
vithoat  ooloore,  disaymolatioa,  or  ficdon. 
Wberlbr,  Syre,  ye  have  caase  to  gere 
tK«iM:lr^  to  Abnygthy  Go>ie,  wych  hath 
geryn  yow  grace  so  to  ordyr  and  cooYen 
yo«r  afferys,  that  ye  be  nat  onely  the  ruler 
of  thys  yoor  realme,  vych  ys  in  an  angle 
of  the  woride ;  bac  also  by  yoor  wysdome 
and  oownsel  Spayne,  Itally,  Aimayne,  and 
thes  Love  Covntres,  wydi  ys  the  gretest 
parte  of  Crystendame,  shalbe  nilyd  and 
gorerayd.  And  as  for  Frawnce,  thys 
knot  Dowe  beyng  assnrydly  knyt^  shall  nat 
£ijle  to  do  as  yoor  grace  shall  comawnde. 
What  hoQoore  thys  ys  to  your  hyghnes,  I 
dowgth  nat  bat  that  yoor  grace  of  yoor 
bye  wysdom  can  rygth  wdcoasydere,geT. 
yng  oiost  herty  thanckcs  to  Almyghty 
Gt^  for  the  same  accordyngly :  beaechyng 
yoar  grace  moste  humbly  so  to  do,  wherby 
thya  thyng  thus  honorably  commensyd, 
shall  nat  fayle,  to  yow  gret  exaltation,  to 
come  to  the  desyrd  ende,  to  the  atteynyng 
wfaerof  I  shal  employ  my  poore  parson, 
wyt,  ezjperyens,  substance,  and  blode. 
From  Graveiyng,  the  28  day  of  Aogost, 
with  the  rade  hand  of  your 

Most  komble  Chapleyn, 

T.  Caa^  Eaoa. 

The  following  little  glimpse  of 
Francis  I.  in  his  nightgown  tomj  serre 
as  a  pendant  to  the  sketch  of  his  great 
riraL  It  occurs  in  a  letter  of  Sir 
Thomas  Cherne,  at  that  time  on  an 
embassy  to  France. 

Please  hit  yoar  highnes  to  onderstande, 
that  where  as  in  my  last  letters  is  men- 
doned  of  the  Frenche  kinges  oommaonde- 
ment  to  me  that  I  sholde  ose  my  self  at  all 
honres  in  his  PreTye  Chamber,  as  I  doo  in 
yoara;  yet,  that  aot  withstanding,  I 
wolde  not  be  so  presnmptnoos  upon  his 
fnrst  eommandement  so  to  doo  ;  wherfore 
this  momyng  he  sent  Morrett  to  my  lodg- 
ing to  bring  me  to  hym.  And  further, 
the  sayde  Morrett  tolde  me  that  the  king 
his  maister  thought  that  I  was  not  con- 
tent, because  I  cam  me  not  boldely  into  his 
chamber,  as  his  pleasur  was  I  sholde  doo. 
And  so  we  wente  to  the  conrte,  and  at  my 
commyng  the  king  was  but  lately  rysen, 
and  in  his  night  gowne  was  looking  oute 
at  a  wjrndowe,  and  the  treasonrer  Robertet 
talking  with  hym,  and  no  moo  in  the 
chamber  where  he  was  but  the  great  mais- 
ter, tiie  admyrall,  and  grannt  esquier,  the 
baillif  of  Pkrise,  and  S  moo  whicbe  I 
knowe  not :  and  soo  at  myne  eutring  into 
the  chamber  there  entred  with  me  Mor- 
rett, Larochepott,  Monpessant,  Moye,  and 
su^e  other,  about  the  aomber  of  90  or  24. 


19530 


Slate  Papers  ofHenw/  VIII. 


Pleue  it  jronr  grace,  tliat  vLen  I  CBme 
ooei  into  his  sayde  chamber,  lod  Ihst  be 
■M  redj*  lo  Ihe  OBBahing  of  his  hondu, 
Uw  lOTcIl  was  faraaghtti  to  the  great  mus- 
ter, uid  so  he  toke  hit  to  me,  and  made 
ne  gf  Te  hit  to  the  king.  Enjeiog  that  jogr 
Knee  lued  hym  so  at  hii  being  in  Eng- 
land. Thii  doon,  the  king  weot  to  here 
miue  in  the  tonne,  h;m  lelfrjitiDg  apon 
a  faire  jenelt,  and  made  me  ryde  talk- 
ing all  Ihe  vaje  nlth  hjm.  ThelTect 
of  OUT  commnnycicjon  wa»  of  jonr 
bigbaei,  cODcernjng  snuh  thingei  aa  is 
qiecitjed  ia  Maister  Taillour's  latt  letters 
and  myne,  seot  unto  mf  lorde  cirdynalt. 
Over  this  hit  maye  please  jonr  hyghnes 
that  Monctt  doJreU  me  to  nrite  nnto 
your  grace,  hon  that  the  king  his  maiiter 
had  ptamyHd  taym  that  he  ehalde  never 
ryde  more  in  poste,  yett  DBTertheleige  he 
U  right  Kcll  contented,  and  layethe  that 
he  had  rather  ryde  iota  England  (and  hit 
•ere  aa   farre   agayne),    then   to  ryde  a 

Sitrter  so  farre  to  any  other  prisee  ly>ing. 
o<r  he  hit,  I  thinke  hit  itoll  be  thia 
MTenDygbt  or  more,  before  he  be  itis- 
pcched.  (ri.  87.) 

The  papers  for  aaveral  years  relate 
to  that  course  of  diplomstic  manage- 
ment bj  which  AVolsey  thought  to 
■leer  himaelf  to  the  papal  throne.  The 
triple  crown  was  the  great  object  of 
his  lunbitioii,  and  the  question  of  peace 
or  war  for  England  hung  upon  the 
balance  of  his  expectations  of  aasi  stance 
from  German  J  or  France.  Shortly 
nfCer  the  letter  was  written  from  which 
we  huTe  juat  quoted,  Clarencieux  was 
•eol  to  Paris  to  denounce  war  agwnst 
Frucis.  Cbeyue  was  permitted  to  go 
to  Boulogne,  where  he  was  retained 
aa  a  hostage  until  the  French  am- 
buiador  in  England  was  safely  con- 
Teyed  to  Calais.  The  perib  to  which 
ambaasadora  were  in  those  days  ex- 
posed are  striltingly'  set  forth  in  a 
passage  of  Cheynes  last  letter  to 
Wobey  :— 

I  am  sort  that  I  shall  not  psas  Ihia 
TOyalms  tyU  such  tyme  aa  they  be  aure 
that  he  [the  French  Ambaiiador]  yi  at 
Calafi.  Wherfor  I  moit  hamhly  beiecbe 
joor  grace  that  thia  mso  be  turely  oon- 
Tcyed  thither,  and  without  euydiipleaanre^ 
(or,  and  tlic  contrary  ahoatd  be  knowen 
here,  I  llunk  *eri1y  yt  ahuld  coat  me  my 
I,f«.     (»i.85.) 

We  shall  not  follow  the  course  of  the 
war.  It  invoWed  Scotland,  and  the 
following  is  a  description  of  one  of  those 
Uoodj  inroads  by  which  the  border 
faudi  of  the  two  countries  were  occa- 


sionally destilnted.    Who  can  wonder  I 
at  the  inveterate  hatred  which  uroM  | 
between  countries  which  treated  eaob 
other  thus  cruelly  ? 

On  the  other  partie,  if  the  said  Daka 
shulde  or  myght  arrice,  Ihe  said  Erie  of 
Surrey  is  in  perfyte  redinei  lo  encountre 
with  liym,  and  hatlie,  what  with  the  rodei 
made  before  Ihe  departure  of  you,  Sir 
Richard  Jerayngham,  and  aena,  so  de- 
Taaled  and  dialroied  al  Tiredale  and  Iho 
Merahe,  that  Ihtr  it  lift  neither  Mtnat, 
/orlfrtue,  viltage,  tm,  caleil,  corne,  or 
olhtriocDtirJbr  man  J  inionocAe  aiiomnu 
of  He  people,  tchiche  fied  Jrom  the  same 
and  qflerKard  relomtd,  fynding  no  tut- 

England  bfggyng  bred,  wkicAe  q/ientymei 
vAan  llieg  ele  tktt/  dye  iHcentintntly  for 
tKe  hvnjrre  paiied !  and  ipilk  no  empri- 
tanmenl,  tutting  af  fAair  eret,  bitrnyng 
iheym  in  the  face,  or  olkertciM,  can  be 
itpt  aaaye.  Suche  is  the  puniahement  of 
Almighty  God  to  those  tliat  be  the  dil- 
lorbers  of  good  pei>,  reat,  and  qayete  in 
Criatendome.    (vi.  173.) 

The  minute  information  given  in 
these  volumes  of  the  proce«lin&s  in 
the  conclave  assembled  on  the  death 
of  Adrian  VI.  is  a  valuable  portion  of 
their  contents.  On  the  ad  September, 
1323,  the  English  ambassadors  at 
Rome  gave  Wolsey  the  first  intima- 
tion of  the  illness  of  the  aged  Adrian. 
On  the  Sth  September  his  holiness  sum- 
moned the  Cardinals  to  his  chamber, 
and  sitting  up  in  bed  declared  to  them 
that  "be  thought  he  should  depart  to 
the  mercy  of  God,''  wherefore  he  re- 
i^uested  their  concurrence  in  a  disposi- 
tion of  benefices  amongst  his  servants, 
and  also  in  his  appointment  of  the 
Bishop  of  Tortosa,  who  had  been  hie 
intimate  friend  and  adviser,  as  a  Car- 
dinal. The  Cardinals  did  not  scruple 
to  express  to  their  dying  lord  how 
averse  they  were  to  his  last  proposal. 
They  told  him  he  had  "a  nephew  or 
two,  virtuous  and  well  learnt,"  and 
advised  him  to  bestow  the  cardinal- 
ahip  on  one  of  them.  For  the  bishop 
of  Tortoaa,  they  declared  they  had 
tbund  him  lo  be  "  (nAumonum,  (Aintn, 
rigii/imi,  rf  de  ixmeiiaimit  inodo 
mention."  The  dying  Pope  took 
advice  badly,  and  in  the  first  part. 
the  night  following  swooned  "  ~ 
■—''"  '— "^  was   thought   frp' 

Recovciing  in  iha 
he  again  summoned  ihu  Cp 
bis  bidiide,  vhtf  bb'  ~ 


4 


no 


State  Papers  of  Henry  VIIL 


[Aug. 


that,  notwithstanding  their  adrice,  he 
had  appointed  his  mend  to  the  sug- 
gested dignity. 

The  English  ambassadors  had  evi- 
dently had  their  cue  beforehand.  No 
sooner  was  the  illness  of  the  Pope 
ascertained  than  Wolsey  was  put  for- 
ward as  a  candidate.  Three  cardinals 
then  at  Rome,  De*  Medici,  Sanctorum 
Quatuor,  and  Campeius,  are  described 
as  being  all-powerful :  ^'  and  we  assure 
jour  grace,**  reported  the  ambassadors, 
*'  ye  have  of  thaym  three  substanciall 
fhendes,  and  by  thaym  many  moo 
fryndes."  "Matters,  they  said  to 
Wolsey,  "  be  yet  so  rawe  and  so  greene 
that  yt  is  hara  to  syve  jug ement  where 
the  garland  sbaU  light.^  They  told 
Wolsey,  however,  that  were  he  present, 
he  might  be  as  sure  as  he  is  of  York, 
for  that  in  that  case  the  proudest  of 
them  all  would  no  more  look  for  it 
"than  they  would  ffo  to  Jerusalem 
upon  ther  thumbs.**  IHie  only  difficulty 
was  in  his  distance  from  the  scene  of 
election.  Many,  both  of  the  courtiers 
and  the  Cardinals,  could  not  "  abide  ** 
that  any  one  absent  should  be  chosen 
"for  fear  of  translating  the  see,  and 
other  sundry  inconveniences  which  did 
ensue  by  tne  last  election.**  It  was 
thought  that  De*  Medici  had  great 
hope  for  himself,  but  if  he  should  see 
that  he  could  not  avail,  that  then  he 
would  do  all  he  could  for  Wolsey.  All 
this  was  written  on  the  14th  Sep- 
tember. A  postscript  is  added  to  the 
letter  to  announce-  that  the  Pope  had 
just  died. 

The  joy  of  the  Roman  people  on  the 
vacancy  of  the  popedom  knew  no 
bounds.  A  statue  of  Adrian*8  phy- 
sician was  erected  in  a  public  place 
bearing  his  name  and  this  inscription, 
"  Liberatori  patrise.'*  Adrian  was  bu- 
ried in  St.  Peter*s,  between  Pius  II. 
and  III.  and  on  his  tomb  was  written 
"  Impius  inter  Pios.** 

Many  other  sclanderous  metours,  rymys, 
and  versys  were  sett  up,  as  well  upon  his 
said  sepulture  as  in  other  opyn  places, 
whiche  be  here  takyn  and  redde  magna 
plautu  ei  patrum  et  plebU;  whereby  it 
doth  manyfestly  appere  that  this  citie  was 
never  gladder  of  Pope's  death  then  they 
were  of  this  mannys.  (vi.  178.) 

The  Cardinals  entered  the  conclave 
on  the  1st  October.  On  the  2nd  they 
were  shut  up.  On  the  6th  all  Rome 
was  abroad  to  see  the  entry  of  three 


Cardinals  from  France  who  had  landed 
two  days  before  at "  Plumbyno,  a  place 
forty  miles  from  Rome."  Hurrying 
on,  lest  an  election  should  take  place 
before  they  arrived,  they  enterea  the 
conclave  in  the  same  plight  in  which 
they  arrived  in  Rome,  "  in  their  short 
wedis  (which  was  thought  very  dis- 
solute) with  boots  and  spurs.**  .... 
One  of  them,  the  Cardinal  of  Lorraine, 
"was  in  a  gown  of  crane-coloured 
velvet,  and  had  a  hat  with  fethers, 
which  hat  he  lefl-  behynde  hym,  for 
lesing.**  Up  to  this  time  it  was  thought 
that  "  matters  went  well  enough  **  with 
De'  Medici,  but  for  many  days  after- 
wards nothing  appeared  but  indica- 
tions of  "  great  dissension  and  discord** 
that  seemed  to  be  amongst  the  as- 
sembled prelates.  The  excitement  and 
popular  anxiety  increased  in  Rome  in 
proportion  to  the  delay.  The  want  of 
a  government  began  to  be  felt.  Dis- 
turbances were  rife  in  the  city,  and 
the  magistrates  determined  to  remon- 
strate with  the  shut-up  Cardinals  on 
the  public  evils  likely  to  ensue  from 
their  obvious  discord.  The  Cardinal 
Armellino  de*  Medici  and  several  others 
were  deputed  to  hold  a  conference 
with  the  Rouum  authorities  at  a  hole 
in  the  conclave  door.  The  magistrates 
reported  the  state  of  the  city,  and  told 
the  Cardinals  it  was  "a  shame  for 
them,  so  many  wise  men  as  they  were, 
that  they  did  not  no  better  ne  no 
sooner  aggree.**  They  exhorted  them 
"to  leave  their  particular  affections, 
and  to  think  and  lean  unto  the  Com- 
monwealth as  wise  men  and  as  good 
men  should  do.**  The  Cardinal  Ar- 
mellino answered  that  their  desire  was 
only  to  elect  a  good  Pope,  and  that  if 
driven  to  a  hasty  conclusion  they  must 
choose  one  that  was  absent.  "  If  ye 
can  be  contented,**  he  said, "  with  such 
one,  we  be  almost  at  a  point  all  ready 
to  make  you  one  being  in  England.** 
This  allusion,  to  Wolsey  was  received 
with  discordsint  "  exclamation.**  They 
were  urged  to  choose  some  man  pre- 
sent "  even  if  he  were  a  mere  stick  or 
a  stake  **  [truncum  out  itipitem], 

Wolsey  s  friends  out  of  doors  pre- 
tended to  take  courage  from  this  men- 
tion of  his  name.  Their  hopes  became 
stronger  that  long  disagreement  would 
ultimately  drive  them  to  elect  the  proud 
Englishman,  and,  as  the  conclave  con- 
tinued to  sit  from  day  to  day,  they 


lassL] 


nu. 


in 


kH  il  "ua&wi*  JUfi.  V  iti^l.  lA^fy 


far  ifWofar?  hoKi 


cnred  and  Eo^giiBd 

obedience  to  tfcepapd 

Writine  on   the  34 
Engliili 


Tha§  m 
in  tW  coodsfv, 
that  joor  gnce 
■I  tli^  wymU 


theiMuidsT 


Tv:  ^rtfXA.  Ca^'^a"  Cv^visuL 
be  ftiue  to  cccae*  'lo  at.  el^vsscc.    Tlw 


it«  acd  jct  br 


erive  tiMlve  be 

Pope  than  ve  ware  tke  irst  day  tikey  cn- 
tend  Che  eondave.  ....  IVre  is 
&  80  of  the  old  caidmab  that  lurre  svorv 
and  conipired  togctbcr  to  ntfacr  uifier 
death  than  to  conaeat  onto  Medici,  and 
the  eardiaal  de  Medici  hath  aaotbcr  band 
with  him  which  will  mffer  with  him  all 
that  ahall  be  poaaible  to  the  cootrary. 
And  ao  by  all  likelihood  he  that  can  best 
eadore  shall  in  conclasion  have  the  Tictory. 
And  beeaose  that  Medici  is  yonng,  and  all 
hw  band  be  yonog  men,  and  may  endare, 
therefore  many  Miete  firmly  that  he  is 
like  to  hare  his  purpose  either  in  his  own 
pemn,  or  elie  in  some  friend  of  his. 
(vL  189.) 

The  true  difficulty  was  stated  in  this 
laat  pasaa^ — **  Medici  is  young."  In 
electing  him  the  old  men  thought  they 
would  lose  their  only  opportunity.  Wol- 
iej*s  agents  strove  to  take  advantage, 
by  liberal  gifts  and  boundless  promises, 
of  the  chances  which  seemed  to  arise  in 
his  favour,  but  the  feeling  of  many  of 
the  cardinals  united  with  that  of  the 
people  in  opposition  to  the  election  of 
*«one  being  absent,  out  in  another 
world.**  Such  was  the  report  of  the 
state  of  things  up  to  the  24th  October. 

On  the  7th  November  there  is  an- 
other report.  The  conclave  still  re- 
mained  sitting.  The  Cardinal  de*  Me- 
dici, and  sixteen  or  seventeen  with  him, 
continued  ^bent  to  make  a  pope  at 
their  {Measure,  or  else  to  suffer  ez' 
irewuLf  and  the  rest  is  as  extremely 
bent  to  the  contrary.**  This  perti* 
naeity  gave  rise  to  melancholy  fwH' 
bodings  out  of  doors.  Pe^jple  beiran  V> 
specQiate  upon  a  separation  t4  th^  fixr- 
dmals,  and  each  party  el^^niAjr  H«  '/wn 
pope,  "'  to  the  extrefD«  rv'm  U  ijkn^ 
fCDdom.'*  At  such  a  bmrmsk  d  W//« 
aej  coold  have  been  preset  h  at  k<a 
vnlikel J  thai,  with  his  ua^jvviUMcfeMit 
his  IliyHiaiiiy   m 


JO  cca:ir-^i  fc*'  =ianT  i.iT>j.    Takinf 
idvan'.a^  of  ihbTvtHiJon.CoIonnA  mv>- 
pcs^  to  ;be  Fr>ench  to  vo:e  Kv  I.  ar- 
dinal  Jacobathis.  a  friend  of  his  own. 
Hiej  agreed,  teeling  cx^rtain  that  some 
few  of  nieir  own  party  would  not  ivn« 
cur,  and  that  the  party  of  De*  Moilioi 
would  continue  to  oppow  evorv  one 
but  their  own  candiiiate.     Having  suc- 
ceeded thus  far,  Colonna  apprunl  to 
De'  Medici  to  lend  him  four  votes  fw 
Jaoobatius.     De'  Medici  quietly  nsivr- 
taine<l  that  several  of  the  FrtMioh  otir* 
dinals  would  not  vote  for  Jnoobiitius, 
and  then  consented  to  Oolunnu* s  pn>- 
posal,  upon  condition  that  if  Jacoba- 
tius  failed  Colonna  would  in  rt'turn 
give  him  four  votes  on  tlic  ni»xt  occa- 
sion of  a  ballot.     Colonna  wam  thus 
cauffht  in  his  own  trap.    Two  or  three 
of  the  French  party  oinitlcMl  to  vole 
for  Jacobatius.     lie  thus  failed.     Dn* 
Medici  then  managed  "  liy  H«Trct  pnin- 
tice  **  to  secure  some  two  or  thn*c*  of 
the  French  party.    Thcw*,  uddi**!  to  thu 
four  votes  promised  by  (/olontin,  would 
give  De*  Mcdi<;i  therequiri'd  iiinjorlfy. 
The  arrangement   thim  trmdif  finviMK 
got  wind,  the  Frem:h  ( *nrd iiiMJ:),  m'<-Imk 
themselves  lieaten,  d<ft<'rniifM'd  f>/  'Ofi 
cur  in  a  unanimous  iA^'*'\Mm  hy  v/iImm 
forDe*  M«f Jici<?/i  nuj^^f.  '\*\%rii:  tyiit  #/»ify 
one  diffi'rMlty.    'Wf.y  \tHf\  ttwntii  it'tl  ^*t 
ytrtu  for  Uttn.     To  pi*^.  f»d  ot  thi*  '/•/ 
stv;!*?, f h'?y  h'jjd  a  wryi'** ir< uh  u*\)'fntUt^ 
ehar>f;i,  and  u^fvAyt^A  *fii*  uti^AU*  f  h»mt 
th«rir  '/*tl«,     'Mii-y  Um-w  •"##«   ^/'  U*-* 
M<?4i<.'^  and  w*r/«r  fV  f/r»*  •>/  d>/  vU(i» 
an<M;  y*  him  **  j^/;^      '^'  **•'•  d*/  t^A 

**Miyi  v/  1/vJ   4^/0 h   tt*Of  t^    y*>Up'g 

'/r^.  *^^^  ♦*'*  *'***  *^  * M^ttAfA  yff 

^/i  V*'A«^y   w.*h  *U^   >//M/*   *^0fJi/%. 
v^if^'igtt  ty »  ilfi^T  v»r»^^  ir^.mi^fti/lt 


112 


State  Papers  of  Henry  VIII, 


[Aug, 


the  most  important  of  them  were 
known  before,  it  is  a  great  advantage 
to  have  them  here  printed  entire,  and 
not  merely  referred  to  in  the  pages 
of  historians.  The  first  allusion  to  the 
subject  is  in  a  Latin  letter  from  Wol- 
sej  to  the  English  ambassadors  with 
the  Emperor,  dated  from  Abbeville, 
Ist  Ausust,  1527.  The  Cardinal  in- 
forms the  ambassadors  that  there  had 
lately  sprung  up  a  rumour  in  England 
that  the  question  of  a  divorce  between 
the  King  and  Queen  had  been  con- 
sidered by  the  King  and  certain  of  his 
council,  "which  rumour,"  he  says, 
"  although  altogether  foolish  and  false, 
is  not  entirely  without  cause.**  He  then 
goes  on  to  relate  that,  certain  French 
ambassadors  having  come  over  to  Eng- 
land to  negociate  for  a  marriage  be- 
tween Francis  and  the  Princess  mary, 
a  question  had  been  asked  them  by  the 
English  council  as  to  a  free  contract 
between  the  French  king  and  Lady 
Eleanor.  The  ambassadors  retorted 
with  a  question  as  to  the  validity  of 
the  papal  dispensation  for  the  nuuriage 
of  Henry  vni.  with  his  brother*8 
widow.  Hence  sprung  the  rumour 
alluded  to,  wkich  Wdsey  says  had 
even  reached  the  ears  of  the  Queen, 
by  whom  it  was  received  as  true,  and 
produced  a  "  brief  tragedy,'*  which 
an  explanation  of  the  circumstances 
immediately  put  an  end  to.  "  Now,** 
he  continues,  "all  things  are  cleared  up, 
both  in  counteniince  and  language,  and 
suspicion  has  yielded  at  court  to  truth, 
or  rather  is  thought  to  have  done  so, 
unless  the  Queen,  either  in  the  first 
heat  of  the  rumour,  or  when  not  yet 
sufficiently  persuaded  that  what  she 
had  heard  was  vain  and  truthless,  may 
have  communicated  anything  upon  the 
subject  to  the  Emperor.**  £  that  case 
the  ambassadors  are  directed  to  do 
everything  in  their  power  to  drive  out 
of  the  Emperor*s  mmd  any  opinion  he 
may  entertain  contrary  to  wnat  Wol- 
sey  terms  the  truth,  but  they  are  not 
to  speak  to  him  upon  the  subject  un- 
less questions  are  asked. 

One  cannot  read  this  letter,  so  full 
of  deceit,  nor  observe  the  heartless, 
disrespectful  manner  in  which  Catha- 
rine and  her  "  brief  tragedy**  are  men- 
tioned, without  being  convinced  that 
Wolsey  was  at  that  time  sufficiently 
in  earnest  for  the  divorce,  and  that, 
however  it  might  be  thought  politic  to 


deny  the  fact,  the  King  and  his  un- 
scrupulous minister  had  already  deter- 
mined to  carry  it  through.  When 
Wolsey  wrote  this  letter  he  was  in 
France,  actually  sounding  the  prin- 
cesses of  the  royal  family  of  that 
country  as  to  which  of  them  would 
accept  the  hand  of  his  master  after  a 
divorce  had  been  obtained.  A  few 
months  before  this  date  Anne  Boleyn 
had  returned  from  France,  and  had 
taken  her  station  in  the  household  of 
Queen  Catharine.  Probablv  at  the 
very  time  when  Wolsey  was  thus  flatly 
denying  all  idea  of  any  application  for 
a  divorce,  it  had  been  already  deter- 
mined to  send  a  messenger  to  Rome  to 
solicit  the  concurrence  of  the  Pope. 
Such  determination  was  arrived  at,  if 
not  before  that  day,  certainly  very 
shortly  afterwards,  for  on  the  IStn 
September  in  the  same  year  (vii.  3) 
Dr.  Knight,  the  Secretary  of  State, 
writing  from  Compiegnc,  acknowled^ 
the  receipt  of  a  letter  from  the  king 
concerning  his  "  secret  affair  ;**  and  it 
appears  also  in  the  same  letter  that 
Knight  had  received  a  previous  di- 
rection from  the  King  to  proceed  to 
Rome  and  make  proposals  to  the 
Pope.  Wolsey,  who  was  then,  as  we 
have  stated,  in  France,  had  delayed 
Knight  in  the  execution  of  the  King's 
instructions,  on  the  supposition  that 
he  had  "fully  contentea'*  his  high- 
ness. Whether  it  was  conjectured 
that  this  content  had  arisen  from  a 
satisfaction  of  the  King*s  mind  on  the 
subject  of  his  marriage,  or  from  the 
suggestion  of  some  mode  by  which 
Wolsey  was  to  effect  the  divorce  with- 
out an  anpeal  to  the  Pope,  does  not  ap« 
pear.  Jaut  another  messenger  brougnt 
further  instructions.  The  King  was 
not  at  all  contented  with  Wolsey's  sug« 
gestions,  and  Knight  was  again  ordered 
to  proceed  at  once  to  the  Pope.  These, 
and  other  circumstances,  may  probably 
be  construed  as  indications  that  Anne 
Boleyn*8  influence  had  riveted  itself 
during  Wolsey's  absence  in  France. 

The  Pope  was  at  this  time  a  prisoner 
in  Rome  in  the  hands  of  the  Lnpe- 
rialists,  and  access  either  to  Rome  or 
to  his  holiness  was  extremely  difficult. 
Knight  started  off  to  endeavour  to 
execute  his  mission,  but,  acting  upon 
Wol8ey*s  advice,  he  determined  to  go 
round  by  Venice,  and  indeed  seems  to 
have  taken  the  matter,  probably  by 


1858.] 


State  Papers  of  Henry  VIII. 


113 


tbe  same  advice,  very  leisurely.  As  he 
went  on,  (iirther  information  changed 
his  opinion  aa  to  the  proper  route. 
Abandoning  the  road  to  Venice,  he 
passed  through  Parma,  and  so  onwards 
to  Foligno,  where  he  was  overtaken  by 
a  chaplain  of  Lord  Bochford^s  (Anne 
Bolevn^s  father)  bearing  despatches, 
which  quickened  his  movements.  He 
now  began  to  perceive  the  real  strength 
of  the  king's  "  fervent  desire  and  plea- 
sure," and  soon  found  away  of  getting 
to  Rome.  He  lodged  his  despatches 
in  hands  by  which  they  were  conveyed 
to  the  pope,  and  was  mformed  that  as 
soon  as  his  holiness  was  at  liberty,  which 
was  daily  expected,  "he  would  send 
unto  me  all  your  grace^s  requests  in  as 
ample  a  form  as  they  be  desired."  His 
^*ace*s  requests  were  for  a  dispensa- 
tion, the  form  of  which  was  drawn  in 
England,  and  which  Knight  expected 
to  have  shortly  "  spedd  and  under 
lede,  as  your  highnes  hath  long  time  de^ 
tiredr  The  nature  of  the  desired  dis- 
pensation does  not  appear.  Knight 
had  previously  said,  that  if  it  could  be 
obtained  ^*' constarUe  matrimomo,^*  he 
hoped  to  procure  it  at  once ;  if  not 
^nisi  9olfito  matrimonio^^  that  further 
delay  would  ensue ;  but  we  have  not 
found  that  any  copy  of  it  has  been  pub- 
lished. It  was,  we  presume,  different 
from  the  commission  which  it  was  de- 
sired should  be  granted  to  Cardinal 
Wolsey  to  determine  the  question  in 
England,  and  which  has  been  printed. 

Knight*s  communication  with  the 
pope  was  followed  by  the  escape  of  his 
holiness  to  Orvieto,  where  it  was  less 
difficult  to  have  interviews  with  him. 
But  Knight  was  an  aged  man,  and  not 
able  to  travel  with  expedition  com- 
mensurate with  the  wishes  of  the  royal 
lover,  nor  does  he  seem  to  have  been 
in  any  respect  a  match  for  the  Pope's 
advisers  in  diplomatic  cunning.  I'hey 
took  his  forms  prepared  in  England, 
and,  after  depriving  them  of  their 
meaning  by  qualifications  and  reser- 
vations, handed  them  over  to  the  aged 
secretary  to  remit  to  the  king.  When 
the  documents  reached  England  they 
were  found  to  be  worthless.  Wol- 
sey pronounces  them  framed"  vel  per 
fraudem  vel  dermoiierrC^  (vii.  50).  Gar- 
diner,  the  cardinal's  secretary,  af- 
terwards lord  chancellor,  and  Fox 
afterwards  the  bishop,  were  sent  off 

Gbrt.  Mag.  Vol.  XL. 


in  hottest  haste  to  urge  the  Pope  to 
grant  more  effectual  documents.     The 
letters  here  published  give  a  minute 
narrative  of  their  journey  and  embassy, 
and  are  both  interesting  and  valuable. 
The  result  was  the  granting  of  the 
commission  to  Wolsey  and  Ciunpeius. 
The  Pope  promised  verbally  to  con- 
firm their  decision,  but  it  would  seem 
as  if  Campeiu.s  who  was  in  heart  al- 
together opposed  to  the  divorce,  had 
private  instructions  not  to  come  to  any 
decision,  so  that  the  Pope  might  loot 
be  called  upon  to  perform  his  engage- 
ment.'   Canipeius  was  further  assisted 
by  the  queen's  friends,  who  found  or 
forged  a  brief  in  Spain,  which  raised 
an   entire  new   question  upon  which 
there  was  to  be  a  reference  to  Rome. 
Wolsey 's   letters   upon    this    subject 
either  prove  that  it  is  quite  a  mis- 
take  that   he  had  any  disinclination 
to   the   divorce,  or   establish   against 
hiin  a  very  strong  case  of  duplicity. 
Wolsey   argues   the   case   in  his   de- 
spatches  to   Casali,    which,   although 
in  Latin,  are  evidently  translations  of 
his  own  tautologous   phraseology,  in 
the  strongest  manner,  not  only  on  the 
score  of  the  theological  difiiculty,  but 
on  that  of  ingratitu<ie  towards  Henry, 
who  *•*  innumeris  modis^  sue  persoTie  die-* 
crimine^  ingenio^  coruiilio^doctrina^  opera, 
opibus,  subditistjue  suis,   modisque  tarn 
dirersis,  toiUafide,  constaritia  et  promp-^ 
titudine,  Sedem  Apostolicam  de/endiait, 
juviU  sustinuit  et  conservavit,  and  also 
on  the  gronrid  of  impolicy  at  a  time 
when,    :ia   he   openly   states,   the   see 
apostolic  was  held  in   universal   dis- 
repute (vii.  104-106). 

Henry  next  sent  Sir  Francis  Bryan 
and  several  others  to  Rome  to  urge 
the  Pope  to  decide  at  once  against  the 
new-found  Spanish  brief,  which  was 
said  to  be  a  manifest  forgery,  and  to 
procure  some  alterations  in  the  com- 
missions to  Wolsey  and  Campeius. 
Bryan  arrived  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  llome  at  a  time  when  the  Pope  was 
dangerously  ill — believed  to  be  at  the 

Coint  of  death.  His  admirable,  rough, 
lunt  letters  describe  effectively  Uie 
condition  of  the  country,  and  the  cha- 
racters and  feelings  towards  Henry  of 
the  several  cardinals  and  other  persons 
with  whom  he  got  into  communication. 
He  thus  touches  off  Hercules  Gonzaga 
the  Cardinal  of  Mantua,  and  explains 

Q 


Siate  Papers  of  Henry  VIIL 


114 

the  means  by  which  a  cardinal's  hat 
was  obtained  for  a  nephew  of  Andrew 
Doria. 

Here  hath  ben  mydie  adoo,  syns  the 
pope  hath  ben  tycke,  for  the  makyng  of 
eardynalles.      The   pope  hath  made  on 
calljd  Synore  Ipolyte  Cardynall  de  Me- 
dyasys ;  and  in  hya  gr«tt  sykneaae  the 
other  cardyoalles  of  the  imperyallet  wold 
have  made  Andre  Dorya  nephew  cardy- 
nall.    The  Cardynall  of  Mantaa,  heryg 
that  they  wold  have  made  the  same  cardy- 
nall by  craft,   cam  into  the  consyatory 
among  them,  and  aayd  yt  was  neter  sene 
that  a  cardynall  was  chosyn  in  suche  a 
tyme,  the  pope  beyng  sycke,  and  without 
the  consent  of  the  rest  of  the  eardynalles ; 
and  ther,  before  them  alU  «nch  wrytynges 
as  they  had  made  for  hym,  he  toke  and 
borst  them  in  pecys     Notwithstondyng, 
syns,  they  have  maide  hym  cardynall,  and 
for  the  havyng  of  hys  hat  he  haUi  paid  13 
thowsand  crownys,   besyde  that   he    ys 
bownd  to  bryng  to  Rome  a  grett  quantyte 
of  whete  ;  wherfore  sum  call  hym  the  car- 
dynall of  Dorrya  and  sum  call  hym  the 
cardynall  of  whete.     Sir,  I  insure  your 
grace,  ye  have  a  grett  frende  of  the  cardy- 
nall of  Mantua;  he  ys  yours,  body  and 
sowle.    Twyse  or  thryse  a  weke  he  cum- 
mys  to  my  loggyng  to  me,  to  supper,  lyke 
a  good  felaw,  without  any  seremony,  and 
^ewyse  hath  me  with  hym  to  his  loggyng. 
He  has  the  name  [of]  oone  of  them,  that 
lovys  best  huntyng,  and  for  the  most  part 
he  ysowtof  huntyng,  and  kyllys  every  day 
4  or  5  rowys  [rocs],  and  aendys  me  part  to 
my  loggyng.     (vii.  150.) 

Bryan*s  mission  failed  totally.    He 
thos  describes  the  result : 


[Aug. 


Sir, — 1  insure  your  grace  that  Master 
Stevyns,  Master  Gregory,  Master  Peter, 
and  I,  have  doone  and  causyd  to  be  doone, 
by  all  our  frendys  here,  towchyng  your 
gracys  causys,  as  myche  as  we  thynke 
possible  ys  to  be  doone;    and  as  your 
grace  shall  more  playnly  see  by  our  former 
letter,  wryttyn  to  my  lord  cardynall,  con- 
eemyng  the  awnswere  of  the  pope ;  wherby 
ye  shall  parsayve  that  playnly  he  wyll  doo 
nothyng  for  your  grace,    Yn  that  letter 
we  have  wryttyn  all  our  demaundys,  and 
hys  answere  ;  wherfore,  yf  I  shulde  wryte 
otherwyse  then  thys,  I   shuld   put  your 
grace  in  a  hope  of  recovery,  wher  none  ys 
to  be  had.     Ther  ys  not  oon  of  us  but  that 
hath  assayd  hym  bothe  by  fayre  menys  and 
fowle,  but  nothyng  wyll  serve.     And  who 
90  ever  hath  made  ponr  grace  beleve  thai 
he  wold  doo  /or  you  in  thpe  eauee  hath 
not,  a$  I  thynke,  doone  yonr  grace  the 
beet  eentyce.     Always  your  grace  hath 


doone  for  hym  in  dedys,  and  he  hath  re- 
eompencyd  yon  with  fayre  wordya,  and 
fayre  wrytynges,  of  whych  bothe  I  thynke 
yonr  grace  shall  lacke  noone  ;  but  as  for 
the  dedys,  I  never  beleve  to  see,  and  spe- 
cyally  at  thys  tyme. 

Ther  ys  no  man  ly  vyng  more  soryer  to 
wryte  this  newys  to  yon  then  I  am  ;  but 
yf  I  shuld  not  wryte  thys,  I  shnlde  not  do 
my  dewtye,  I  wold  to  Qod  my  former 
letters  myght  have  ben  lyes,  but  I  feryd 
ever  thys  ende. 

Sir,  I  insure  yonr  grace  that  Master 
Stephyns,  syns  hys  commyng  hether  hathe 
takyn  as  myche  payne  to  serve  yonr  grace, 
and  has  as  good  a  vryll  therto,  as  any  man 
alyve.  Lykewyse  Master  Peter  and  Mas- 
ter Gregory :  and  no  men  alyve  be  more 
hevy  then  we  be,  that  we  cannot  bryng 
thys  to  passe  for  your  grace,  as  we  wolde ; 
but  our  trust  ys,  that  your  grace  knows 
our  trew  hartes  and  sarvyte,  how  faythfiill 
yt  ys  to  your  grace,  or  dies  we  shuld  lyve 
bene  full  hevyly. 

Sir,  I  truet  never  to  dye,  but  thai  tha 
pope  and  popye  ehati  have^  ae  they  have 
had,  nede  qfyour  grace,  mad  that  I  truet 
your  grace  wyll  quyte  them,  and  be  no 
mere  fedde  with  therflateryng  wordye. 

Sir,  I  wryte  a  letter  to  my  oosyn  Anne, 
but  I  dsre  not  wryte  to  hyr  the  trouthe  of 
thys,  bycause   I   do  not   know  whether 

Ionr  grace  wylbe  contentyd  that  she  shuld 
now  hyt  so  shortly,  or  no;  hut  I  have 
sayd  to  hyr  in  my  letter,  that  1  am  sure 
yonr  grace  wyll  make  hyr  pryvy  to  all  onr 
newys.     (vii.  166  ) 

The  ^^  cousin  Anne**  here  alluded 
to  was  no  other  than  the  lady  of  all 
others  most  interested  in  this  mission 
— Anne  Boleyn.  But  the  passages  we 
have  printed  in  italic  are  still  more 
interesting.  In  the  latter  we  have 
something  like  a  foi*eshadow  of  the 
separation  from  Rome,  in  the  former 
a  clear  attack  upon  Wolsey.  Neither 
of  tiiese  would  have  been  ventured 
without  some  knowledge  of  the  king*8 
private  feeling.  Suspicion,  once  in- 
fused into  the  mind  of  the  king,  was 
soon  increased.  At  the  very  time 
when  the  legates  were  holding  their 
court  at  Blackfriars,  Henry  was  pro- 
curing private  information  from  Fran- 
cis L  through  the  Duke  of  Suffolk,  as 
to  what  indications  of  opinion  respect- 
ing the  divorce  Wolsey  and  Campeius 
had  let  fall  on  their  visits  to  the  court 
of  France.  As  to  Campeius,  the  evi- 
dence is  clear  that  he  had  declared 
that  the  divorce  was  not  to  take  effect, 
and  that  his  purpose  was  to  get  rid  of 


Stale  Pajjeia  tif  Henty  VIII. 


In 


what  say  you  by  tbe  Car- 
dloillof  EagiandtD  this  matier?"  Whor- 
Dnlo  he  »id.  "  I  shill  tell  fou.  A>  For  «; 
Lorde  CHrdiMll  uf  EogUnd,  vbrn  be  wa» 
with  me,  I  Mtore  you,  u  firr  as  I  could 
pcrcejTc  LD  bym,  he  wold  tbe  detorce 
•hold  goo  futtb  and  take  effect,  for  be 
loved  not  the  quene.  But  I  sill  speke 
(rtnltly  nato  you,  and  aa  he  that  no  lesss 
edtendlth  id  hia  good  mynd  and  hert  the 
BvaaDCement  of  the  kiiigei  good  purpoa 
in  thii  metier,  thaa  he  doith  hjm  aetf. 
MjD  adryie  alialbe  to  my  good  brother, 
tbal  be  ahall  hate  good  regarde,  nnil  not 
to  pot  10  moch  trust  in  no  man.  wberby 
be  may  be  diiceyred,  a*  nigbe  aa  he  can. 
And  the  beat  icmedy  far  tbe  dereace  theraf 
is,  to  loke  lubstauncyally  upon  his  matiera 
bym  aeir,  as  I  here  eay  he  doitbe,  whiche 
I  am  not  a  litall  glad  of."  Further  aaj- 
iog  DDta  me,  that  my  Lard  Canliaal  of 
England  bad  a  merveloui  iatelUgence  with 
tbe  pope,  and  io  Rome,  and  also  with  the 
Cardinal  Campegioui.  Wherfor.  aeyiug 
that  bo  hatb  lucb  iatelligcnce  with  tbeym, 
which*  haie  not  mynded  to  adtaunceyour 
maCicr,  hr  thinkelh  it  thalbe  the  more 
nede  for  jioor  grace  to  have  the  heller  r«- 
girde  to  your  aaid  affeyre  ;  and  aldo  any- 
ing  that  he  ahall  know  no  thing  that  shaJbe 
to  the  iBtt  theror.  but  he  nol  not  ooDty 
mdTerliae  your  grace  of  the  aame,  and  to 
williaUnd  it  to  the  beat  of  hia  poer,  bat 
alao  to  do  to  the  ad*anceQkent  therof  an 
moche  a«  your  herl  can  thiuk  bym  to  doo, 
and  that  your  grace  itialbe  inra  of  it  upon 
the  faith  aod  worde  of  >  king  :  go  that  it 
il  Dot  poaaible  for  no  man  to  apeke  belter, 
ne  to  make  more  aembUunce  of  herly  sf- 


jroor  grace 


Wha 


t,  God  ci 


:  but  thus  I  well  >ay,  if 
hia  hert  be  not  Ime  nnto  your  grace,  aa 
rooche  ai  ia  pouible  for  oon  mannyB  to 
be  to  1  DOther,  I  thill  ea;    "      '" 


>  thai 


u  in  thia  worlde. 

Hal  I  caa  gelt  of  the  Frenihe 
king  herin  as  yet,  which  he  deaireth  your 
grmce  may  be  kept  tecret  onto  your  self. 
(Til.  183.) 

Such  oiItIcg  WB9  evidentl}'  more 
calcillkted  to  rcimeiit  <loubla  than  to 
remore    ibcuj,   and  dciubu  received 


into  the  mind  of  Henry  were  b 
lead  to  action.  Wolse;'s  last  letter, 
here  printed,  doted  27  July,  1529, 
containa  a  solemn  warning  to  the  Pope 
thtit  if  he  dared  to  gutnmon  the  king 
to  Kome  with  clauses  of  intertlictinn 
and  excommuoication  in  cose  of  dis- 
obedience, "the  dignity  and  prer(^~ 
live  royal  of  the  king's  crown,  where- 
utto  all  the  aoblea  and  subjecls  of  this 
realm  will  adhere  find  stick  unto  the 
denlh,  may  not  tolerate  nor  suiTer  the 
same  to  be  obeyed."  On  tbe  11th  of 
the  following  November  Henry  wrote 
to  Bryan,  who  was  then  ambassndor  to 
Frsnds  I.  with  a  namitiveof  Wolscy's 
"<let«atnble  practises  and  conspiracies." 
(vli.  211).  Francia  replied  that  he 
had  "  thought  ever  tliat  so  pompoua 
and  nmbiliouB  a  heart,  sprung  out  of 
so  vile  a  stock,  would  once  show  forth 
the  basencsa  of  hia  nature,  and  moHt 
commonly  againal  him  that  hath  TBised 
him  Iroin  low  degree  to  high  dignity." 
(vii.  213.) 

The  fall  of  Wolsey  precipitnted  the 
breocli  with  Rome.  Tho  citation  of  tlie 
King  of  England  to  Rome  was  an  inso- 
lency  not  lobe  borne.  Henry,  from  the 
first,  took  his  etand  in  sturdj  oppoaition 
to  tlie  papnl  claims  of  authority  to  any 
jurisdiction  of  the  kind;  and,  although 
desiroim  on  mniiy  accounts  to  avoid  the 
rupture,  relied  In  his  inslrnctions  to  his 
ambuBsadora,  whatever  discretion  he 
gave  them  upon  other  points,  that  tliey 
would  prove  themselves  in  opposition 
to  any  such  act  of  papal  arrogancy, 
"  entire  Englishmen,  and  not  "  Eng- 
lishmen papiaticate."  When  the  cita- 
tion actually  came,  the  quarrel  had 
proceeded  so  far  that  reconciliation 
was  almost  hopeless,  even  on  other 
grounds;  but  to  the  last  Henry  woa 
clearly  unwilling  to  proceed  to  extre- 
mities. The  papers  in  the  present 
volume  contain  many  new  evidences 
of  the  endeavours  made  by  him  to 
escape  from  the  net^e8Bit;  of  cBStiDS 
olT  the  Roman  bonds. 

We  must  delay  our  further  n 
upon  these  volumes  until  oui 
number. 


116 


MADAME  DE  LONGUEVILLE. 

Madame  de  Loogueville.     Nouvelles  Etudes  sar  les   Femmes  Illastres,  et  la  Soci^t^ 
du  17i^me  Siecle.     Par  M.  Victor  Cousio.     Paris,  1853.    8vo. 


THE  political  and  social  condition 
of  France  and  England  presented  a 
strikintr  contrast  at  the  close  of  the 
sixteenth  and  during  the  seventeenth 
century.  Whilst  in  England  the  prin- 
ciples of  civil  government  were  che- 
rished and  manfully  maintained  by 
the  nobility,  parliament,  and  the  great 
mass  of  the  people,  the  French  had 
no  settled  conception  or  enjoyment 
of  political  rights.  Religious  liberty, 
strictly  speaking,  there  was  none.  The 
Huguenot  in  France,  the  Roman  Ca- 
tholic in  England,  had  alike  the  gua- 
rantee of  laws  to  worship  according  to 
their  faith,  and  were  alike  subjected 
to  the  most  perfidious  persecution. 
France  presented  the  almost  unchanged 
aspect  of  the  monarchy  of  the  middle 
ages.  The  Cmwn  8ou«:ht  to  be  su- 
preme, the  nobility  to  reduce  the 
Crown  to  the  state  in  which  it  was 
during  the  reign  of  Charles  VI.  and  to 
assert  the  hereditary  independence  of 
the  nobles  in  their  own  possessions. 
Henry  IV.  had  been  compelled  to  dis- 
tribute the  great  offices  of  the  state 
either  as  rewards  to  his  Huguenot  ad- 
herents, or  as  bonds  of  union  with  the 
Roman  Catholic  party.  But  Henry 
was  suspected  by  both,  and  distrusted 
both.  He  felt  the  danger  to  his  go- 
vernment arising  from  such  concessions, 
and  was  steadily  pursuing  his  plans 
for  their  resumption,  when  they  were 
frustrated  by  the  hand  of  Ravaillac. 
That  this  murder  could  have  been 
traced  to  the  party  of  Mary  de'  Medici 
there  is  great  reason  to  suspect.  The 
power  of  Richelieu,  in  the  name  of  the 
reign  of  Lonis  XIII.,  succeeded  ;  and 
within  the  short  space  of  twenty  years 
he  humbled  the  nobility,  crushed  the 
party  of  the  Huguenots,  and  concen- 
tered all  political  power  in  the  Crown. 
At  his  death  the  old  policy  was  revived. 
Places  at  court,  pensions,  monopolies 
of  fiscal  extortion,  and  the  government 
of  large  fortified  towns,  were  again  be- 
stowed upon  the  adherents  of  Anne 
of  Austria.  The  nobles  obtained  ac- 
cessions to  their  hereditary  privileges, 
and  fresh  claims  were  constantly  pre- 
ferred.    Their  party  comprised  men  of 


chivalrous  courage,  of  considerable 
mental  power,  of  high-born  gallantry, 
but  of  licentious  habits.  War  was  their 
profession ;  the  v  were  ready  to  provoke 
and  to  maintam  it  on  any  pretext, — 
the  extension  of  territory,  the  ruin  of 
the  House  of  Austria,  which  was  a 
point  of  honcmr  as  the  evidence  of 
patriotism,  or  for  the  dignity  of  the 
*'  tabouret."  Second  only  to  their  in- 
fluence was  that  of  the  ladies  of  the 
principal  families  of  the  nobility,  and 
that  of  the  princes  of  the  blood.  To 
great  beauty,  and  the  attraction  of  the 
most  refined  manners,  they  united  an 
incessant  spirit  of  intrigue,  a  cou- 
rageous devotion  to  their  momentary 
cause  for  action,  and  a  spirit  of  per- 
sonal adventure  hardly  conceivable  by 
society  at  the  j  resent  day.  The  moral 
being  of  woman  is  much  influenced 
by  the  opinion  of  the  society  amid 
which  she  lives.  To  please  and  to  be 
pleased,  to  love  and  to  be  loved,  to 
pursue  what  passion  prompted,  to  enjoy 
what  custom  allowed,  was  then  the 
only  rule  of  action  of  those  who  breathed 
the  atmosphere  of  a  court  which  from 
the  days  of  the  revolting  cynicism  of 
Henry  IV.  had  been  formed  under  the 
influence  of  Mary  de*  Medid^  Anne  of 
Austria,  Richelieu,  and  Mazarin.  For 
the  rest,  the  clergy  were  little  better 
than  the  nobles ;  the  moral  and  social 
condition  of  the  people  worse  than 
both.  They  were  degraded  by  igno- 
rance, corrupted  by  bad  examples,  and 
crushed  by  the  most  oppressive  taxa- 
tion. It  IS  necessary  to  recall  these 
facts  to  the  reader's  attention,  in  order 
that  the  character  of  Madame  de 
Longueville  may  be  fairly  estimated 
in  relation  to  society  and  her  times. 

Anne  Genevieve  de  Bourbon  was  the 
daughter  of  Henri  de  Bourbon  Prince 
de  Condc,  and  of  Charlotte  Marguerite 
de  Montmorency,  third  daughter  of 
the  Constable  de  Montmorency.  Her 
mother's  beauty  soon  attracted  the  at- 
tentions of  Henry  IV.,  for  at  sixteen 
years  of  age,  when  she  was  first  pre- 
sented, **Sous  le  ciel  (says  Bassom- 
pierre)  il  n'y  avoit  alors  rien  de  si 
beau,  ni  de  meilleure  grace,  ni  de  plus 


1833.] 


Madame  da  LonguevUU. 


P«H'nil-"  N'otwtLbstaoding  tbis  enco- 
mium ad')  hia  engHgement  to  her,  Bna- 
lunnpierre  surrendere<l  ber  at  ibe  nisli 
«r  ine  king,  who  married  her,  on  the 
3nl  ul'  March,  1609,  to  tk'nri  ile 
Bourboa  secood  Prince  de  Conde,  then 
tw«ntj-one  jears  old.  If  Henry  bnped 
the  pleasures  of  thin  prince  would  hnve 
rendered  him  indilFerenl,  or  hia  pdverty 
tsoinplwMint,  hv  nroa  disnppointed.  The 
hiubaud  was  jealous,  (he  wife  inclined 
lo  excire  jealnuaT;  and  there  were 
mnnj  besides  the  king  who  would  have 
^Inrieii  to  carry  for  ber  sake  the  glore 
in  Uio  bunct-cap,  with  Mulberstadt'a 
nolto  fur  La  Palatine, — "Tout  pour 
l>i«u,  et  pour  etle."  Estrangeraent 
naturally  ensued ;  but  snbseiiucntl;  to 
the  imprisonment  nf  Cond€,  Sept.  I, 
1616.  by  the  court  intrigue  under  the 
siUiHces  of  Mary  de'  Medici  and  Louis 
Xlll.,  she  solicited  perrniMion  to  visit 
him,  and  wtu  told  that  in  such  cose  his 
itnpriMnment  must  be  sbnred.  The 
barsh  condition  was  Accepted;  it  hail 
its  origin  in  ber  husband's  jealous  love 
lore  anil  fear ;  lliej  were  reconciled  ; 
and  three  years  aller,  August  28,  1619, 
Anne  Geneviive  was  born. 

She  was  educated  at  first  under  her 
mother's  care,  and  gave  early  indica- 
tiooB  of  tho«  ijcrBonal  ad  van  tnges  w  hich 
so  greatly  JtiDuenced  her  career.  The 
rival  of  ber  mother  in  beauty,  she  was 
cDilowed  with  greater  mental  [xiwen. 
Her  figure  was  tall  and  of  exiiuiiite 
propanions ;  ber  eyes  dark  bfue  of 
tbc  nuMl  tender  ejiprcssion ;  ber  hair  a 
pl«  auburn,  extremely  fine,  falling 
10  lu;iurioiis  curls  over  her  shoulders. 
Her  face  was  a  perfect  ovnl,  the  features 
dclicMely  but  tirraly  mnrkcd,  her  com- 
plcsioD  "leint  de  perle,"  Her  voice 
wot  of  rich  tone,  and  vibrated  with 
Ite  quick  sensibility  of  her  feelings; 
tier  manner  graceful,  with  an  air  of 
refined  languor  which  imparted  to  it 
that  appearance  of  aristocratic  non- 
ohnlance  which  sometimes  borders  on 
ematif  and  sometimes  on  oScctation. 
Her  talent*  were  good,  and  well-oulti- 
*at«d  according  to  the  ideas  of  ibe 
time.  Lo  Roobcloucauld,  0e  Hetz, 
and  Madame  de  Motteville  alike  concur 
in  their  testimony ;  and  Nicole  com- 
pared and  preferred  her  conversational 
[Miwers  to  those  of  Monsieur  de  Tre- 
ville,  who  won  the  spjirohntion  of 
Boileau,  and  of  perhaps  tfic  more  diffi- 
$t^  ^^t  Simon. 


Her  disposition  at  first  gave  ni 
of  that  intellectual  energy  she  in  after- 
life displayed.  Singularly  impressible, 
ahc  was  alike  infiuenced  by  the  re- 
ligious tendencies  the  Church  of  Kome 
then  encouraged,  aud  by  those  terrible 
lessons  that  tamed  the  pride  and  awed 
the  valour  of  the  nobility  during  the 
rei;>n  of  Louis  Xin.   In  1627,Btcight 

Biors  of  age,  the  brave  Montmorency 
oulteville  waadecnratated  in  the  Place 
de  Grcve  for  a  duel  fought  in  the  Place 
Ruvnle  with  the  Marcguis  de  Ueuvron; 
and  in  1632,  when  but  thirteen  years 
old,  her  uncle,  the  Due  de  Montmo- 
rencj,  was  sent  to  the  scalTold  at 
Toulouse  for  his  conspiracy  with  the 
base  Gaston  d' Orleans  agunst  the 
power  of  Richelieu. 

No  social  aspect  of  the  times  was 
more  reuiarkabfe  than  the  i 
hibited  by  the  religious 
pseudu-intellectuafrelinement,  and  the 
libertine  manners  of  the  court  and  of 
society.  The  civil  wars  had  impressed 
n  rudo  but  deep  religiouB  feeling  nu 
the  minds  of  many  i  n  feeling  allied  to 
that  which  actuated  the  Crusader,  had 
swayed  the  Huguenot  and  the  League. 
The  Church  herself  sought  by  reforms 
and  by  conventual  establishments  to  re- 
cover her  power.  BeruUe  had  founded 
theOratoryiDieiS.  CesardeBua  un- 
dertook the  exposition  of  Christian  doc- 
trine in  1J97.  TheJesuits,  always  sus- 
pected, yet  stealthilj'  advancing,  were 
ready  to  combat  with  all  comers  for 
the  doctrines  and  ritual  of  Rome-  The 
Benedictines  were  preparing  works 
which  have  made  their  names  illus- 
trious. Tlie  religious  institutions  of 
the  Sceurs  do  Charit^  and  of  the  Car- 
melites then  exercised  a  powerful  in- 
fluence, especially  in  the  education  of 
women.  They  were  patronised  b^thc 
court,  richly  endowed  by  the  nobility, 
and,  by  a  strange  contrast,  betbre  the 
gates  of  the  Carmelites  were  often 
seen  the  equipages  of  the  most  gal- 
lant, seeking  to  win  the  recluse  of  the 
cloister,  whose  beaut;  hail  excit«d  the 
court.  The  house  of  Longueville  had 
been  long  intimately  allied  with  the 
convent  of  the  Carmelites,  which  was 
lirst  established  in  a.u.  1602  at  Paris 
in  the  Faubourg  St.  Jacques,  under  its 
aufpiccs.  Mademoiselle  de  BnurboB 
was  therefore  early  introduced  t  """" 
society,  and  her  education  was 
conipk-ted. 


118 


CAij. 


Impresaed  bj  its  assodatioiis,  as  jet 
pare — ima^natiTe  and  inezperieoced 
—Mademoiselle  de  LongueTille  desired 
to  qnit  the  world  and  enter  tbe 
convent.  Her  beantj  and  her  rank 
forbade  it.  Tbe  Prince  de  Cood^ 
insisted  on  her  more  fireqnent  intro- 
duction  into  society,  and,  after  a 
itrofirgle  under  the  goidanoe  of  the 
Jesuit  Le  Jeone,  she  jidded.  She 
■till  demurred  to  that  consummatioQ 
of  worldliness — the  balL  Her  coo- 
rersion,  howeTer,  was  destined  to  be 
more  rapid  than  she  had  been  able  to 
foresee.  Her  motho'  had  desired  her 
to  prepare  for  one  of  those  magnificent 
entertainments  common  to  the  French 
court^-probablj  that  of  Feb.  IS,  1635. 
She  objected,  but  determined  to  abide 
the  decision  of  the  Carmelites.  A 
graTe  council  was  heki;  at  last  the 
conolare  n?eolT^  she  misht  go  and 
battle  with  temptetaoo  if  beneath  the 
dovic«e  of  fashion  her  purity  were 
guarded  by  a  Ttstment  of  mektiodL 
Alas !  the  <)iarm  fitiled  she  could  not 
resist  the  homage  paid  to  beantr,  she 
ciHild  not  recall  ihe  monitress  of  the 
cloister  wben  the  Batteries  of  the 
courtier  stole  on  the  fond  attentioo  of 
the  ear, — 

Just  at  tW  TM-T  no«Mat  she  fthcMUi  aot; 


refinement  of  st]^  The  nobifity  stS 
retained  the  duTalroiis  spirit  of  the 
feodal  ages.  Hiere  were  man  jprom^ 
to  imitate  the  contest  of  L'lale  Man- 
vault  and  the  braTe  MaroOea.  All  h«l 
some  ladj-lore  to  whoK  hommr  their 
•words  were  haDowed;  everj  poet,  liioe 
Bacan  or  Malherbe,  an  avowed  saistresi, 
to  whom  his  heart  wae  devoted,  and 
for  whom  his  moaewae  ever  in  deapair. 
The  Indies  afiected  a  pnritj  which  fre- 
qoentlj  was  bat  afJBCtatioii,  and  their 
Platonic  loves  were  too  often  less  iod- 
tative  of  the  rooumees  of  knightl J  days 
than  could  be  desired.  KeverthelesB 
it  is  certain  that  great 
bothin  langnase  and  maa 
under  ue 


so  that  on  her  r«tum«  savs  M.  Cousin, 
^  Ci»  ne  fbt  plus  U  mcme  personne.** 
Henceforth  the  Carmelitea  were  con- 
suUetl  Vesm  the  gla«  more.  **  Youth 
at  the  (VOW  and  pleasure  at  the  heba," 
she  entered  upon  the  drend  vovage  of 

^Ce  n*«st  que  le  premier  pas  oui 
coi^te.**  From  the  Gmnfiliies  to  the 
Hotel  KamboutUet  was  the  next  tran- 
ailion.  In  1635  her  introduction  took 
place.  It  is  the  privilege  of  wit  so  to 
Httster  the  imagination,  that  we  be- 
come indifferent  to  truth  and  careless 
in  judgment.  Who  can  withstand  the 
genial  satire  of  Moliere  f  The  historv 
of  the  Hotel  de  Bambonillet  b  ^ 
received  by  manv  as  comprised  in  the 
scenes  of'Les  t^recieuses  Ridicules, 
and  iu  frequenters  are  inMnsiblj  re- 
called to  our  minds  as  V#«}i»K>^>t  Cathoa, 
or  Arteoice. 

Ignorant  and  licentious  as  the  high- 
est MK'ietj  in  »ance  was  at  the  cosn- 
uieuiVUMUit  ot*the  seventeenth  century, 
there  yet  existed  a  general  desire  ler  the 
cultivation  of  |iolite  literature  and  the 


the  Hotd  de  Rambouillet  and  the  pa- 
tronage of  Richelien.  We  must  not 
however  snpnose  the  Hotel  de  Ram- 
bouillet was  the  first  or  Ibr  a  long  time 
the  only  resort  in  the  city  of  Paris 
wherein  the  lenders  of  society  met. 
The  MarquHe  de  Rambouillet  did  not 
create^  she  onljfiiUowed,  elevated,  and 
increased,  the  impulse  which  had  been 
l^ven.  Malherbe  and  Regnier  were 
m  advance  of  Marot  and  Rottsard;  and 
althottj^  Scudery,  Saint  Amant,  Ln 
Calpreoede,  and  others,  still  clung  to 
the  latter,  Malherbe  and  Balsac  both 
in  poetry  and  prose  had  impressed 
their  genius  on  their  language,  and  the 
court  of  Louis  XIV.  inherited  that  re- 
finement which  was  consumasated  by 
Boilenn  and  Rneine,  but  which  the 
ccnius  of  Comeille  or  Deseartes  had 
inspired.  The  best  period  of  the  Hotel 
de  Rambonillet  b  between  1690  and 
164« ;  afWr  thb  its  tone  declined  into 
afiectation,  and  its  infiuence  expired  in 
killer  uiwn  the  appeniunce  m  1660 
of  Xes  necieuses  Ridicules.  The 
MarvhionesB  de  Rambouillet  appears 
to  have  been  endowed  with  qualities 
preciselv  adapted  to  nrende  over  the 
circle  she  had  fonnea.  To  a  careful 
study  of  the  |^»iu9  of  the  French  she 
united  an  intunate  acouaintance  with 
Italian  and  Spanish  bterature.  She 
wa5  hands«>nie»  pokssessed  great  talents, 
and,  according  to  Tallemant  dea  Reaux, 
drew  weU,  and  had   great    original 

Kwen  of  architectural  daiign.  The 
>tel  de  Rambouillet  was  built  from 
her  plans ;  in  which  she  was  the  first 
to  (Wpart  tr^MB  a  central  stair,  with 
rooms  on  each  side,  and  to  construct 
the  stairvase  to  a  corridor  lendiag  into 


18530 


e  it  Longuevilh. 


if  rooms,  with  wiu-     prenie,  Bod  of  htm  ghe  waa  as  reaolut« 
iowB  opening  their  full  beight,  the  de-      &  defender  na  sbe  in  after-life  became 
''    IS  of  whieh  were  no  longer  of     of  Rochefoucauld,  and  the  proscribed 


red  or  brown,  but,  ut  in  the  renowned 
"  chanibra  bleue,"  bung  with  blue  vel- 
veU  enriched  with  gold  uud  silver. 
The  Marchioness  was  liberal ;  it  was  a 
phrase  with  her  that  to  give  was  a 
pleuure  not  reserved  to  a  king,  but 
the  otlribuCe  of  deitjr ;  and,  when  one 
of  the  most  celebrated  of  the  Meseieiire 
de  Port  Royal  pbilosophiaed  upon  the 
duties  and  the  claims  of  friendship,  be 
was  surprised  to  6nd  the  scholar  was 
in  theorji  at  leiut  in  advance  of  tbe 


She  V 


leaders  of  Port  Royal.  In  the  famous 
quarrel  of  the  two  odes  upon  Job  and 
upon  Urunia,  nhiub  divided  into  hostile 
camps  the  court  and  the  citj,  the 
Boloon  and  the  academy,  she  supported 
Voiture  against  Benserade.  Chapelain 
and  Pelisson  were  her  friends,  us  were 
also  the  Abbe  Godeuu  better  known 
as  "le  Nain  de  Julie,"  and  Madame 
da  Scuderj,  ugly,  courtly,  and  clever, 
the  Richardson  of  romance — at  least 
in  length.  Voiture  was  admired  by 
fond  of  ingenious  his  contemporaries.  La  Fontaine  has 
'  named  him  as  one  of  his  masters ;  Ma- 


turprises,  and  Tallemant  gives  s 

■mnsing   instances  of  her   humorous  dame  de  Sevlgnc  describes  his  mindaf 

tricks  upon  her  friends.     But  before  "libre,    badant,    charmant."      It    ia, 

the  star  of  Corueille  had  shone  in  lus-  perhaps,  from  his  easy  sir,  and  flowing 

troas  brilliancy  aljove  the  horizon,  or  cheerful  style,  especially  in  his  "Vera 

those  (if  fioileau,  Moliere.  and  Racine  de  Sociele,    that  he  is  chiefly  prized. 

had  risen,  false  taste  and  misdirected  He  pleased  women,  to  whose  pleasure 

Real  held  away.     The  tone  of  Ram-  he  was  chiefly  devoted,  and  women  like 

bouillet  encouraged  a  romantic  gal-  Mademoiselle  de  Itourboo  are  enthusi- 

lantry,   a   love   of   idyllic  strains,    of  astic   in    admiration   when    they   are 


music,  and  serenades. 


pleased.     At  tbe  present  day  k 


French  poetry  has  been  generally  bardly  rate  him  as  hia  contem^raries 
initative  in  style.  Moliere,  La  Foo-  did.  His  genius  was  chiefly  wit ;  but 
taine,  Boileau,  Racine,  and  Voltaire 
sought  examples  from  the  classics  of 
Greece  and  Bame.  Their  predecessors 
were  more  influenced  b^  tbe  romantic 
achoolsof  Italy  and  Spam.  Tbe  Medici 
had  iolrodnced  the  taste  for  Italian  liti 


'r. 


the  electric  flash,  generated  by 
sudden  intellectual  cause.     Like 
ling,  it  dazzles  and  is  extinct. 
!  s^liea  which  once  set  the  tables 
roar,  tbe  satire  which   charmed 
.s  truth  and  its  utterance,  the 
epizram,  the  sonnet,  or  tbe  elegy,  lose 
all  interest,  and  awaken  but  timid  at- 
tention,  when   read  in   an   after-age, 
without  an  intimate  acquaintance  wfth 
the  manners,  the  incidents  of  the  day, 
tbe   adventures,  and   the   social   cha- 
racteristics of  those  to  whom  Ihey  re- 


late. 

Alademoiselle  de  Bourbon  passed  her 


rsture,  Anne  of  Austria  of  the  Spanish. 
The  Marchioness  deRainbnuitlet  sought 
to  unite  and  elevate  the  ohorms  of 
botli,  to  efluet  the  union  of  the  Kreat 
and  the  familiar,  the  grave  and  pleas- 
ing, the  animated  and  the  aublime. 
Such  an  alliance  is  rarely  accomplished. 
Tbe  straius  of  the  Hotel  de  Rain- 
bouillet   were    seldom    awakened   by 

better  themes  than  those  of  the  Trou-  winters  at  Paris  at  the  Hotel  Cunde, 
•fere  and  the  Troubadour,  and  the  the  Louvre,  and  the  Palais  Carilinal, 
"  cultivated  style  "  ended  in  imitations  in  balls,  concerts,  and  comedies,  those 
of  Gongora,  not  of  that  period  when  tasteless  exhibitions  upon  which  Riche- 
bis  best  lyrical  ballads  were  written,  lieu  lavished  the  revenue  of  a  pro* 
nor  even  of  his  formal  Spanish  ode,  vince,  when  France  was  threatened 
bnt  when  poor,  dejected.nnd  neglected,  with  famine,  when  tbe  foot  of  the 
moved  by  the  success  of  Ledeama  and  enemy  trod  her  soil,  and  even  French 
hit  conceited  ichool,  he  adopted  that  gallantry  quailed  at  the  disasters  of 
wetopborical  style  by  which  be  is  now  "I'annfe  de  Corbie."  The  summer 
chielXv  known,  and  by  which  he  then  was  chiefly  spent  in  visits  to  Fontoin- 
boned  to  escape  atarvation.  bleau,  ChontiUy,  Ruel,  Lioncourt,  or 

_OfRauibouilletonditBaocietyMaiIe-     Lubarre.     We  wish  we  could  repro- 
selle  de  Bourbon  became  the  most     duce  CbantUly   as  it   appears   in  the 
int  partisan,  snd  one  of  its  greatest     works  of  Du  Cerceau  and  Perclle.     It 
Here  Voiture  reigned  su-     devolved  to  the  House  of  Conde  from 


Ihc    latmiuu  Ui'r 

Her  beum  ud  Iwr  rtnfc     vault  wd  tii- 

IW  Fmiem  it  ComU    aMMlwlf  L>^ 


dndiM    inu   maetj.   ■biI,  tOer    »  SanHorAl- 

itowab  oadw  ihm  gaidaMo*  of  tba  lo  wImq  >• 

JmwTu  Jmm,  •!»  tmUm).     Shi  lmwi>^> 

MiB  dHBMmd  to  llut  ecaadBuiatiMi  The  li< 


'Mh^ihI  ibc  ktlcTA,  anil  burs. 

I. ...  ll^,  tfUr  nvgkt  wall  bavV  ■ 

'''■ie   ani)  iUdaine  da 

■   .-.■   roalftit,   but    iln 

l.'.- PHieaw  da  Cundj 

'     -.Hcd,  nnloM  hjr  tba 


t.  iMipir«,aail«wiirili 
a  xaL  The  l*riiMiOM 
viirr  with  hrrr  partjr 
uf  iW  laitBiriBna 
■  -.-!•-  Uuiuin,  who 
<  '  t WmflniaaiUl |cJ«, 
-.>MM  IH  tlceUe  Uiai 

'•    liini'ma  I*  llailiwa  ik  I.4M- 
>..   a  A^   K<Ml  CMkK.      Ttw 

.  ItMwtk.     Uaaaria,  vitfc  hit 
.'i^i  an-MSMl   ih« 
n  aftd  «n*e  miml 


.   |>s-M>ie  l*et*««i 


120 


Madame  de  Longueville. 


[Aug. 


that  of  Montmorency ;  to  embellish  it 
was  the  chief  pleasure   of  the  great 
Conde  and  his  son.     Here  the  family 
formed  a  little  court,  of  which  Voiture, 
Montreuil,  or  Sarrazin,  were  constant 
members.     The  day  was  passed  in  the 
chase,  in  conversations  of  rlatonic  gal- 
lantry, in  reading  romances,  writing 
poetry  on  every  possible  occasion,  in 
comparing  these  nuent  cSc»rU  of  the 
pen,  in   music,  and  dramatic  ballets. 
Life  was  dramatically  disposed,  every 
day  had  its  hero  and  its  heroine,  who 
passed  from  "grave  to  gay,  from  lively 
to  severe,"  according  as  the  post  from 
Paris  suggested  the  theme.  Then  joy  or 
sorrow,  congratulation  and  condolence, 
found  expression  in  poetry  ;  but  in  the 
evening   "cntre   chien   et  loup,"   the 
gardens  were  the  rendezvous  for  the 
utterance  of    more    natural    strains. 
Charms  such  as  those  of  Mademoiselle 
de  Bourbon  could  not  long  remain  un- 
solicited.   Her  attractions  encouraged, 
her  rank  repelled  admirers ;  but  on  the 
2nd   June,   1642,  when   but  twenty- 
three  years  of  age,  she  was  compelled 
to  marry  the  Due  de  Longueville,  then 
forty-seven  years  of  age,  avowedly  at 
that    perioil   attached   to  Madame  de 
Montbazon,  with   a  daughter  by  his 
first    wife,   then   seventeen  years  old. 
"  Ce  luifut  unccruelledestinee;  M.de 
Longueville  etoit  vieux,  elle  etoit  fort 
jeune,  et  belle  comme  une  ange,"  writes 
•*  lL«a  grande  Mademoiselle." 

The  Duke  was  in  fact  the  illustra- 
tion of  the  Grand  Seigneur  of  his  day. 
r^e    possessed   no    great    intellectual 
J>0'wer,   but  was   liberal    and   brave; 
ncixich  addicted  to  gallantry ;   and  he 
sought  rather  the  secondary  honours 
of*  the  State,  from  a  conviction  of  his 
incapacity  to  win  the  first.     Had  he 
l>een  content  to  follow  his  instinct  in 
%\\\s  respect,  he  would  have  passed  an 
\:teeful  honourable  life ;  but  he  was  fickle 
a.nd  irresolute,  generally  influenced  by 
t,lie  minds  of  others,  and  wanted  cou- 
rage and  decision  to  become  the  master 
of  his  own  position.     The  marriage  of 
tlie  Duchess  was  followed  by  that  de- 
vastating pest  the  small  pox.  All  Ram- 
bouillet   was    excited,  reams  of  bad 
verses  were  written,  for  the  beauty 
and  the  beautiful  complexion  were  in 
danger,  but  she  recovered  ;  and,  says 
l>e  Ketz,  "  si  elle  avoit  perdu  ta  pre- 
midre  fraicheur  de  sa  beaute,  elle  en 
avoit  conserve  tout  son  eclatr 
2 


This  event  was  succeeded  by  a  still 
more  exciting  episode  in  her  life,  which 
led  to  the  death  of  Maurice  Comte  de 
Coligny.  He  had  loved  her  before 
marriage,  and  there  was  nothing  in 
French  society  to  discourage  his  sub- 
sequent attentions,  or  on  her  side  to 
justify  censure.  Richelieu  died  Dec.  4, 
1642;  Mazarin  succeeded;  and  on  the 
19th  May,  1643,  Conde  won  the  battle 
of  Rocroi.  This  increased  the  influence 
of  the  House  of  Ck>ndc,  and  gave 
strength  to  the  position  of  Mazarin. 
But  the  party  of  the  "Importans** 
took  umbrage,  and,  under  the  auspices 
of  Madame  de  Montbazon,  the  houses 
of  Vendonie  and  Lorraine  sought  to 
revenge  the  predominanceof  Conde,  in 
the  person  of  his  sister,  Madame  de 
Loneueville.  The  method  of  revenge 
was  intensely  feminine.  At  a  grand 
ball  at  Madame  de  Montbazon's,  two 
letters  were  picked  up  unsigned,  which 
excited  the  wit  and  the  scandal  of  the 
room  as  to  the  owner  and  writer. 
Madame  de  Montbazon  at  once  circu- 
lated the  insinuation,  that  the  owner  was 
Madame  de  Longueville,  the  writer, 
Coligny.  These  letters  had  been  ad- 
dressed by  Madame  de  FouqueroUes 
to  the  handsome  Marquis  de  Mau- 
levrier,  whose  carelessness  gave  occa- 
sion to  the  scandal  which  had  now 
become  the  talk  of  the  court.  Mau- 
levrier  obtained  the  letters,  and  burnt 
them.  Here  the  afiair  might  well  have 
ended.  The  Duke  and  Madame  de 
Longueville  were  content,  but  the 
proud  spirit  of  the  Princess  de  Cond^ 
was  not  to  be  appeased,  unless  by  the 
submission  of  Madame  de  Montbazon. 
A  civil  war  of  pens,  tongues,  and  swords 
was  ready  to  break  out.  The  Princess 
threatened  to  retire  with  her  party 
from  court;  that  of  the  Importans 
menaced  in  return.  Mazarin,  who 
trimmed  his  sail  to  the  influential  gale, 
prevailed  on  the  queen  to  decide  that 
Madame  de  Montbazon  should  make 
a  public  apology  to  Madame  de  Lon- 
gueville at  the  Hotel  Conde.  The 
scene  which  ensued  was  worthy  of  the 
genius  of  Hogarth.  Mazarin,  with  his 
rare  diplomatic  ability,  arranged  the 
form  of  proceeding,  and  wrote  what 
each  of  the  fair  belligerents  should  say, 
and  was  for  hours  passing  between 
them  to  fix  the  words  of  apology  and 
fMrgiveness.  With  proud  humility 
were  they  uttered,  with  haughty  cour- 


1653.] 


Madamt  de  £,angti*nUe. 


tesy  accepted ;  but  pusaioii  glowed  be- 
neath the  trell'a.Secteit  calm. 

Ttnucne  anitiui  eaUtfihv  im  '. 
Tbe  Ddc  de  Guise  espoused  the  cnuae 
of  the  offender,  and  cliollenged  Mnii- 
rice  de  Culignr.  The j  met  in  t lie  Place 
Rojile,  that  fatal  field  iu  which  at  teast 
nine  biiDiIred  live*  had  been  sacrificed 
to  ihe  false  valour  anil  worte  seiiae  of 
honour  of  the  timee,  Culijfujr,  weak 
froDi  illness,  unskilled  in  the  use  of  hrs 
weapon,  was  disarmed  and  wounded, 
and  within  a  few  dn^s  died  of  shnnie, 
for  hiiving  so  ill-EUiilaiacd  hfa  own 
honour  and  (hat  of  the  House  of  Lon- 
fiueville.  Madanio  ile  Long  nevi  lie  and 
Colign;  became  Bgnin  the  theme  of 
poetry  and  proue;  the  luller  is  com- 

Firiaed  in  a  dull  romance,  entitled 
listoire  d'Agusilan  et  d'lsmfnie,  the 
chief  if  not  the  onlj  merit  of  which  is, 
— that  it  is  short. 

The  period  so  fatal  to  the  moral  repute 
of  Madame  rle  Lonjpieville  was  now  at 
hand.  Wcharenoticcd thecbaracterof 
theDuke  her  husband.  Sbehad  accom- 
panied him  89  ftmbmsador  to  Munster, 
where  the  treaty  of  Weatphalia  was 
signed  on  the  24th  of  October,  1648. 
But  the  war  of  La  Fronde  crippled  the 
geniua  of  Mazario  and  disgraucd  that 
of  Conde.  All  the  subsequent  evils 
which  it  engendered  may  be  traced 
uhiefly  to  her.  In  1647  she  had  re- 
luroM  to  Puris,  then  twentj-Gve  years 
of  ase,  radiant  with  beauty,  the  worship 
of  the  French  court.  La  Rochefou- 
cauld, whu«e  genius  was  as  selfiEih  us 
that  of  Richelieu  or  of  Louis  XH', 
had  long  concealed  bis  hatred  of  Iklazn- 
rin,  who  bad  refused  bis  ambitious  re- 


ut'  Longucville  to  effect  hia  revenge. 
He  knew  the  power  of  Madame  de 
Longueville  over  both ;  he  resolved  to 
fight  the  minister  with  his  own  weapons, 
and,  a«  he  bod  achieved  power  through 
the  affections  of  the  queen,  so  to  de- 
throne him  by  winning  the  affections  of 
Uadame  de  LoDgueville.  lie  was,  un- 
fbrtunately,  successful.  Id  the  name 
of  lore  he  seduced  her  tVom  the  pnth 
of  duty,  he  inspired  her  with  his  own 
ambition,  his  owu  desire  for  revenge. 
Madame  de  Longueville  sacrificed  all 
to  this  liilse  deity,  to  whose  idolatrous 
worship  her  heart  was  thenceforth 
deroted.  Uence  civil  war,  hence  the 
employment  of  tbe  genius  of  Cond^ 

&B.T.  MaQ.  VuI..  XL. 


and  Turcnnc  in  the  devnstntion  ol 
comnion  land,  the  intrigues  iif  the  i 
but  unscrupulous  De  Kelz,  and  that 
□ne  bright  episode,  the  heroic  devoUon 
of  Clemence  deMaillu,  whose  life  alone 
is  an  appalling  witnem  against  all  but 
the  military  talent  of  him  whom  his- 
torians praise  as  the  great  Cond£ 
Into  Ihc  delnils  of  rhis  period  it  is  im- 
possible now  to  enter.  At  the  treaty  of 
the  I'jrenneea,  Nov.  7,  Ifi59,  internal 
peace  was  restored  to  France.  Conde 
returned  dishonoured,  the  parliament 
was  crushed,  the  nobility  and  the 
people  sum-nderetl  all  civil  power "  " 
the  hands  of  the  king,  Long  ere  i. 
Rochefoucauld  had  sacrificed  Madi 
(iv  Longueville  for  otlie 


She  retired  at  firat  to  Mouline,  ii 

des  Filles  de  Saintf;  bat 
.bse^uent  history  belongs  lo  that 


isequeat  history  b 
L  Royal,  lo  whosi 


Ihe 

of  Port 

devoted  herself  in  the  most  exalted 
spirit  of  Janaenism.  Around  her  were 
gathered  its  most  celebroled  professors. 
From  respect  to  ber,Luuis  XIV.  with- 
held the  suppression  of  the  order,  and 
her  zesl  afiiirded  them  an  asylum  and 
constant  protection  during  the  troubles 
their  doctrines  had  evoked.  At  Port 
Royal,  iu  the  education  of  her  sons 
and  the  society  of  the  Carmelites,  her 
time  was  ehieiiy  passed ;  and  on  the 
death  of  her  eldest  son,  who  was  stain 
at  the  pussa|re  of  tbe  Rhine,  June  12, 
1672,  she  ditennined  to  close  hei  "" 
in  entire  seclusion.  It  became 
one  of  n^ligious  repentance  and 
voliiin.  At  Port  Royal  des  Champa 
she  built  herself  a  retreat,  and  here 
she  enjoyed  the  society  am)  the  spiritual 
Fonsofation  of  Arnauld,  De  Sacy,  and 
Nicole.  As  life  extended  herausterity 
increased,  but  her  days  were  closed  at 
the  age  of  sixty  on  tbe  15th  April,  ]67!>- 
Her  hotel  existed  until  a  recent  pe- 
rioil.  One  of  its  lii^udes  openeil  upon 
the  street  Saint  Thoinas  du  Louvre,. 
the  otheriin  Ihe  Carrousel.     "'  "    ' 

tect  was  Ml'I^'Xcbu  I  it 
the  best  period  of  art,  but  contiini 
some  fine  pictures  by  Mignard 
others.  It  suffered  sirange  degrada- 
tions— at  one  time  a  coach-house  at- 
tached to  the  palace,  then  a  depdt  for 
tobacco.  Under  the  Directory  the 
Bal  de  I'Hotel  de  Longueville  was  the 
rendetvous  of  the  worat  characters  in 
Paris.     Thus  it  has  been  in  turn  Ibe 


the  I 

into.  ^^^J 


N 


192  The  Proipero  of  "  The  Tempest"  [Aug. 

rcort  of  faclion  in  ihe  name  of  ihe  Fronde,  nnd  JaDsenism.     The  volume 

FroDde,  of  mouopolj  as  a  gOTernment  now  publlsheil  completes  the  first  jmr- 

toboucodepotjandthen thC'lupinRire"  tion,  and  from   its  careful  DnrrutiTe, 

of  vice.     M.  Coujin's  work  will  em-  derived  A-om  man;  hitlierlo  uupub- 

brace  Ihe  career  of  Mailame  de  Looguc-  liahcd  MSS.  and  the  bwt  contemporary 

viltc  ID  retslion  to  literature  and  so-  authorities,  is  well  deserving  of  atten- 

cietj,  civil  and  religioaa  higtOTY— as  tioD. 
reKurda  the  Hotel  de  Rambonitlet,  la  S.  H. 


THE  PROSPERO  OF  "THE  TEMPEST." 


THE  Rev.  Joseph  HunUrr.  in  his 
elaljorate  eseaj  cm  The  Tempcat,  has 
thrown  out  a  hint  that  Sholupere  mn; 
have  adopted  the  name  ofProspero 
from  Frospcro  Colonnn,  a  very  cele- 
brated and  successful  guneral  of  the 
sixlecntb  century ;  but  there  is  no 
reason  for  this  except  the  name,  which 
was  far  frombeinguncommon  in  fami- 
lies of  Italy,  and  occurs  thrice  in  that 
of  the  Colonna  itself.  A  saint  of  the 
Romiah  Church,  a  native  of  Aqaitaine, 
whu  come  to  Itome  on  a  pilgrimage 
in  the  fifth  century,  and  was  made 
bishop  of  Rcggio,  seems  ia  have  given 
it  ponularlty. 

it  la  perfectly  in  accordance, however, 
with  the  course  taken  b;  thu  poet  in  the 
compotition  of  the  plots  of  his  dramas 
that  he  should  have  adopted  the  heru  of 
some  romantic  history,  and  1  think 
that  I  shall  be  able  to  show  that  he 
was  no  other  than  Prosnero  Adomo 
tif  Genoa,  whose  vicissitudes  of  fortnnc 
were  not  dissimilar  lo  Shakspcre's 
hvro,  and  in  whose  story  moreover 
we  have  others  of  the  drarnalU  per- 
amueofthe  plnT.vix.  Alfonso  or  Alon so 
King  of  Naples,  and  Ferdinand  his 
w>n,a  natural  child,  whosucceeded  him. 

The  history  of  the  family  of  Ailoroo 
ia  >  history  nf  faction,  and  they  divided 
tlioir  strifes  and  their  suceeascs  pretty 
equally  with  a  rival  family,  Frcgoso; 
in  fact,  what  the  Montagues  and  Ca- 
pulctawercto  Verona,  and  the  Ciilonna 
and  Orsiui  to  liome,  the  Adorn!  and 
Fregoti  were  to  Genoa,  whose  streets 
were  the  scenes  of  many  a  bloody  fray 
iMtween  the  rival  housca.  Gvniia  in 
the  fourteenth  cuntury  had  lost  ita  in* 
dependent  renown,  a  republic  in  name 
only;  tbc  power  always  in  the  bands 
€>f  one  or  other  rival  fu-tion,  wbc)  acru- 
plod  not  to  call  in  the  aid  of  foreign 
powers  fur  their  iupport  and  the  depres- 


sion of  public  freedom.  Thus  it  fell 
under  the  influence  of  the  Duke  of 
Milan,  who  frequently  sought  to  re- 
duce it  to  subjection,  and  through 
whom  Prospero  Adoruo  was  indebt^ 
(in  one  occasion  for  his  position. 

It  is  necessary  to  say  a  few  wordson 
the  history  of  Genoa  immediately  au- 
lecedent  lo  the  subject  under  discourse. 
Italy  in  the  fifteenth  century  was  6lled 
with  elements  of  strife,  contest ,  and 

Solltical  inlri|n>e.  There  were  the 
ictions  of  the  Guelphsand  Ghibellines, 
the  diaputud  KuccesBton  to  tho  crown  of 
Naples,  and  the  constant  interference 
of  France,  in  rivalry  wiili  ibe  Euiperor 
of  Germany  ;  then,  if  we  add  tho  petly 
disputes  ot  families  for  power  in  each 
of  their  little  energetic  but  factious 
republics,  we  find  enough  on  which  to 
build  a  romanUc  story.  Genoa,  too, 
was  famous  for  itc  turbulent  spirit,  as 
an  old  poet  of  Italy,  Faecio  dc^li 
Uberti,  writes  :— 

Notiliti  e  gruuile  f  le  cJtU  dl  Gtnmm, 


Mochiavelti  has  also  remarked  par- 
ticularly on  the  civil  strife  which  dis- 
tracted (he  Genoese:  "This  city  has 
many  noble  families,  which  are  so 
powerful  that  it  is  with  difficulty  they 
obey  the  rule  of  the  magistracy.  Of 
ail  others  the  most  powerful  arc  Ihe 
Fregosa  and  Adoma  i  among  whom 
arise  the  divisions  of  that  city,  ami 
civil  order  is  corrupted,  because  ood- 
tending  among  themselves  for  this  prin- 
cipality, not  caurl<!ously,  hut  mostly 
With  arms,  it  follows  that  one  party 
i*  always  ojiprmstid  and  I  he  other  rule*. 
And  sometimes  it  happen*,  that  they 
who  Sod  themselves  deprived  of  their 
dignity  have  recourse  to  foreign  arms, 
and  the  cuunlty  that  they  cannot  [ro- 
vom   falls    under   u   stronger'!    rule. 


1853.] 


The  Prospero  of  '•  The  Tempest." 


12i 


From  wbich  !t  transpires  that  those 
who  reign  in  Lombarilj  moatlj  com- 
mand  at  GcDoa,  ns  it  happeneil  in  the 
lime  when   Allbnao   of  Aragon   waa 

Alfonso  king  of  Aragon  and  Sicily 
uBunwd  the  throne  nf  Naples  in  1436 
to  the  prejudiue  of  Regnier  of  the 
hoiue  of  Anjou,whom  Joannn  II.  had 
made  her  heir,  superseding  Atfonsu, 
who  had  her  previous  promise  and 
adoption.  It  waa  on  this  previuua 
adoption  that  he  founded  hia  preten- 
aioDB,  and  aAer  a  long  atrugglc  wits 
luccesiful.  But,  at  the  eomnience- 
nieiiU  fortune  frowned,  and  he  was 
complelvty  defeated  at  sea  by  the 
Gciioene,  at  that  time  under  the  sway 
or  influence  of  the  Visconti,  taken 
prisoner,  and  delivered  up  to  FiUppo 
Horia,  Duke  of  Milan.  Winning  over 
that  duke  to  bis  cause  by  liis  courteous 
laaoner  and  address,  he  was  set  nt 
liberty,  much  to  the  disgust  of  the 
people  of  Genoa,  who  dtvjaded  his 
Tcngennce.  Thus  we  have  here  the 
main  part  of  those  facts  in  which  the 
small  portion  of  historic  matter  in  the 
"  Tempest"  is  comprised,  ami  when 
Prospero  discourses  lo  Miranda  he  sets 
forth  the  political  position  of  the  Ge- 
noese to  Naples,  as  also  the  geuernl 
character  of  intrigue  to  which  Genoa 
was  *  prey  In  the  time  of  Alfonso. 

Till*  ElDff  of  Nji|rie«,  b«tiig  feD  enera; 


at  Unui  1  > 


ifitakm 


Ghibellino  was  elected  doge  i 
following  peculiar  manner.  The  people 
elected  20  citizens,  these  agnln  chose 
80,  these  40,  and  these  elected  31 ;  the 
:leuted   10,  and  these  electeil  the 


dO"! 


He« 


Me,  ud  Uir  cijlng  Kir, 

Kead  Genoa  fur  Milan  and  we  have  but 
little  dissimilar  from  the  facts  and  the 
peculiar  fortunes  of  Prospero  ;  but  it 
will  be  prnner  to  say  something  of  the 
bnnae  of  Adorno  and  its  history,  a 
picture  by  no  means  uninteresting  of 
tiie  fscUonsof  an  Italian  republic, and 

Grliculariy   illustrative   of  what  has 
en  laid  of  Genoa  the  Superb. 
The  family  of  Adorno  first  hepn  to 
appear  of  consequence  in  the  affairs  of 
Genoa  about  the  middle  of  the  four- 
teenth century,  and  in  1363  GabricUo 


^t,  but  he  fell  a 
vLctim  to  the  troubles  of  the  lime 
the  rivality  of  houses.  The  city 
attacked  by  Domenico  Fregosn 
Guglielmo  Ermirio,  and  the  palace 
being  tired  he  was  compelled  to 
render  a  prisoner,  and  the  Pregosi 
made  doge  in  bis  room.  Antoniotta 
Adorno  drove  out  Domenico,  and 
four  times  doge  of  the  republic, 
first  tenure  of  office,  however,  although 
immediately  following  his  success,  was 
very  brief,  for  he  was  elected  by  the 
common  people,  and  was  only  five 
hours  in  authority ;  surely  power 
scarcely  ever  exhibited  a  shorter  tenure 
ariera  triumph.  He  was  succeeded  by 
Nlcolo  Guorco,  and  five  years  after- 
wards bj  Leonardo  Montaldo;  but  the 
latter  kept  his  dignity  only  a  year, 
when  Antoniotto  was  ngain  put  at  the 
head  of  the  republic,  and  governed  tt 
fur  six  years  with  the  greatest  pruse; 
but  Guarco,  the  former  doge,  was  sent 
a  prisoner  to  Lerice.  Among  other 
acts  he  got  together  a  fleet  against  the 
King  of  Tunis,  which  he  commanded 
himself.  Notwilha landing,  however, 
ihat  his  rule  was  attended  with  fame 
to  the  republic,  plots  were  fostered  by 
the  rival  house  of  Frososo,  one  of 
which  was  discovered  by  Italfaelle  hii 
brother,  and  Pietro  Fregoso,  with  other 
citizens  found  implicat»l,  was  sent  into 
exile.  But  it  often  happens  that  vi- 
fforoua  measures,  however  necessary, 
Bring  a  weight  of  odium  upon  the 
nuthorj  aoitwashGTe,and Antoniotto, 
a  prudent  and  sagacious  man,  finding 
this  to  be  the  ease,  retired  to  one  of  his 
villas  at  Leonanoi  whereupon  tbepeo- 
ple  rose  in  arms  andchoseGiacomoFre* 
goBo  ns  his  successor.  In  a  year  how- 
ever, 1391,  Antoniotto  was  for  the  third 
time  called  to  the  unstable  honour 
of  doge:  twelvemonths  saw  another 
change,  and  a  young  man  of  twenty- 
three  years  old  was  chosen  in  hisslead, 
one  Antonio  Montaldo,  member  of 
another  powerful  family  who  occasion- 
ally helped  to  diversify  the  popuh 
caprice.   Antoniotto  i 


4 


The  Prtapei-o  yf  "  The  TempMl." 


124 

lout  {laiicnL-c,  sDil  relirlnc  to  Vullri  lie 
returned  nith  an  armed  band  to  llic 
gati'9  v(  the  citj,  but  being  stoutly  re- 
«wt«(l  was  eomjHilled  to  give  d|i  tlie 
ult«inpt.  Montaldo  wiia  toon  BU|H;r- 
»edeil|  and  one  Francesco  Giustinjano 
di  Uaribaldo  Iciok  his  place.  Anto- 
niotlci,  liuweTcr.  did  nut  i;ivo  up  theat- 
leoipl  to  regain  his  power,  but,  joining 
Willi  MoDl&ldo,  advanced  agalnel  ibe 
place ;  tlie  people  rose  in  arma,  but 
■fler  n  sharp  conflict  victor;  declared 
Tor  Adomo  and  Montaldo,  and  tbcj 
inmediaiel;  entered  the  cit;.  Aa 
uiaal,  however,  aUttr  the  battle  llic 
two  combined  but  rival  partiea  dia- 
poted  with  each  other  for  the  prey, 
tind  Antoniotio  was  dcleatcil  and 
Montaldo  again  made  dnge.  But  lie 
WHS  not  allowed  mucli  peace,  and  was 
ultimatvl;  aupersedwl,  and  Nicolo  Zo- 
:^lio  put  in  his  ploue.  Again  An- 
ion iotio  attempted  his  fortune,  but 
coming  into  the  port  in  a  galley,  it  was 
boarded  by  the  Guarchi  and  Mon- 
taldi,  and  he  taken  pri»i>ner;  but  an 
Hgrecment  being  made  between  (hem, 
he  was  liberated,  and  retired  to  Voltri. 
Nest  day,  however,  hiB  friends  recalled 
liim,  and  amily  was  made  with  Mon- 
taldo in  the  church  of  St.  Francesco; 
and  whilst  he  was  addressing  one  part 
of  the  cilJKenfi,  askiug  forgiveness  of 
oUVnces  committed  against  them,  ano- 
ther part,  who  were  in  the  sncristy,  cre- 
ated him  doge,  and  he  was  conducted  to 
Uio  palace  by  the  common  people.  But 
this  Bunpicious  eleetion  wds  not  ap- 
proved of  by  the  chiefs  of  the  cily ; 
consequently  Uuarco  stirreil  up  wur 
ngaiost  bim,and  obtained  aid  from  the 
dnke  of  Milan  of  2,000  foot  mid  some 
ordnance,  but  the  Adurno  so  wvll 
prepared  himself  for  their  rcceptiini 
that  they  were  defeated.  Worn  out 
with  the  strife  that  every  unoseemedlo 
be  so  dispuMnl  for,  and  seuluu  the  Bc- 
iniblic  almost  exh*u*l«d  liy  iTie  cost  of 
these  intestine  wars,  he  took  the  refolu- 
tion  to  give  Dp  the  rulu  to  some  furcign 
[mnco,  and  having,  by  his  Hmbassodor, 
uaere4  it  lo  Cbarlea  VII.  king  of 
France,  it  was  by  him  accepted,  lie 
then  ifaincil  over  the  Uuelph*  and  Ghi- 
hallioM  U<  consent,  ibu  keys  weregivtm 
up,  wid  he  mndc  govcroor  unlU  the 
bngahoulil  send  one.  'llicGuarcaaiwl 
Montalilo  inotTcclUBlly  endeavoured  to 
itriv*  him  tVmn  his  [inulion.  l>ut  wurv 
ri>ut«d  and  liolh  nude  |i^ 


[Ang. 


length  Antooiotto,  four  times  Doge  of 
Genoa,  died  of  the  plague  at  Castel 
Franco  di  Finiiro  in  1403. 

The  Frent4  povemor  treated  the 
citizenawithsucb  insolence,  that  having 
issued  from  the  city  to  attack  Milan, 
and  being  unsuci-'esBful,  he  found  on 
his  return  the  gates  shut  Hgain«t  him. 
Genoa  was  now  without  a  ruler,  and 
the  rivals', the  Adomi,Fregosi, Guarchi, 
and  Montaldi,  severally  set  themselves 
one  against  the  other,  now  one  throw- 
ing his  weight  into  one  side,  then  to 
the  other,  and  the  cries  of  **  Adomi" 
and  "Fregosi'resounded  in  the  streets. 
Eventually  the  Adorni  were  defeated. 


Maria  being  chosen  protector  of  Genoa 
by  the  citiiscns ;  but  at  hie  death  in 
1413,  Giorgio  Adomo  was  made  Duge. 
He  held  the  office  two  years,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Bemabo  (iuano,Bnda  few 
days  after  by  Tomaso  J'regiiso.  Then 
again  it  fell  to  the  rule  of  the  dake 
of  ftlilsn,  Fitijipo  Maria,  but  be  dis- 
gusted the  citizens  by  his  liberation  of 
Alfonso  king  of  Naples,  for  it  wits 
very  reoMinably  supposed  that  the 
Iatl«r  wonld  not  forget  to  whom  he 
was  indebted  for  bb  defeat  and  cap- 
tivity. The  consequence  was  that 
Genoa  was  nonin  in  arms  to  change 
itsruler,  and  they  elected  eight  captains 
of  liberty,  amongst  whiim  was  R«f- 
faelle  Adorno,  son  of  Giorgio  the 
Duge  before  mentioned,  but  the  d- 
lixens  soon  becoming  tired  of  their 
ncwIy-foDtrivcd  government  ItafTaelle 
WHS  chosen  to  the  aucicul  di-inity  of 
Doge.  Ue  made  jieace  with  king  AI- 
lonsii,  but  in  eonsequencc  ofintrignes 
he  resigned  his  office,  and  Barnabtt  was 
put  in  nis  place,  but  he  was  »o<in  at> 
lacked  by  the  Fregoai  and  deprived  of 
his  dignity. 

We  now  arrive  at  the  mailer  which 
set'ms  10  have  given  the  idea  for  the 
few  hisloHc  rclerencca  in  the  pla^. 
Hafiaelle  and  Bamaba  sought  aid  in 
kin^  Alfonso,  and  a  (leel  was  sent 
against  Genoa  to  drive  away  tlie  hovlile 
faction,  whilst  an  army,  cnmmandeal  by 
the  Adorni,  laid  siege  to  the  city  b^ 
land.  Again,  Genoa  was  siven  over 
to  the  rule  of  the  king  of  France,  and 
in  conscquenco  of  the  death  of  Al- 
funsu  the  enterprise  againat  it  was 
Kiveii  u]i.  But  civil  commotion  reigned 
uwro:  ihedliii  "      " 


si  niggling  fo 


1853.] 


The  Proipero  of  "  Tkt  Ttmpeit," 


la 


liberty:;  and  ibe  resulL  was  iLat  llie 
French  governor  wua,  ciiiiipelled  to 
take  refuge  in  tLe  citadel.  Prospero 
Adomo  now  comes  upon  the  gtxne ; 
be  and  the  nrohbishop  of  Genoa,  Paolo 
Fr^oBO,  entered  the  city  with  their 
retainers,  and  lie  two  factions  fonght 
in  the  gtreela  for  the  inaslerj,  nith  no 
result,  however,  to  either  side;  so  the 
Adomi  entered  into  a  compact  with 
the  French  co»ernor,  to  tlie  intent 
■hat  he  ■hould,  with  the  French  on 
one  side  and  Prospero  on  the  other, 
Mssil  the  archbishop,  drive  him  from 
ihe  citj,  and  give  up  the  eame  again  to 
the  royal  governor.  But  the  people 
baring  once  more  risen  in  arms,  not 
without  cause,  and  seeing  tliemsetves 
thus  made  a  matter  of  sale  or  bargain, 
tbe  hostile  factions  came  to  an  agree- 
ment, one  with  another,  and  the  council 
bdng  convoked,  Prospero  was  elected 
Duke  or  Doge  of  Genus,  with  the  full 
consent  and  favour  of  Paolo  Fregoso, 
the  Archbishop.  The  French  were 
*tlU  matters  of  the  fortress,  and  Pro- 
spero finding  himsGlf  in  a  hostile  po«i- 
lion  towards  a  powerful  monarch, 
•ought  help  from  the  duke  of  Milan, 
whogranted  him  a  thousand  foot,  under 
the  eotDinand  of  Tomaso  Kaitino,  as 
well  OS  a  quantity  of  money,  The 
citadel  WM  now  besitsed,  when  a  dis- 
pute aroso  between  Paolo  aud  Pro- 
spero, but  tiie  iliike  recalled  the  ai'ch- 
bishop  tc  Milan,  and  the  doge  ossidu- 
uustj  endenviiurcil  to  put  himself ' 


Wanw  had  sent  li 
besieged,  both  bj  sea  and  liind. 
Tbe  Genoese  were  terrified  at  the 

Eiwer  arrnved  against  them,  but  the 
like  of  Milan  having  recoociled  the 
Archbishop  and  Prospero,  it  was  ar- 
mnf^ed  thnt  the  former  with  the 
Milanese  soldiery  and  the  youth  of 
Genoa  should  occupj  the  hills  thnt  en- 
tcnd  from  the  csstle  to  tbe  monastery 
of  San  Benigno,  and  thence  prevent 
•il  attack  upon  the  city ;  whilst  Pro- 
rniero,  with  the  rest  of  the  people, 
aLould  attend  to  !(8  defence,  and  pre- 
vent nil  egress  from  the  fortress,  fbe 
oiemy  having  approached  Ihe  Villa 
Comegliano,  Prospero  and  the  Aroh- 
biahop  went  forth  to  meet  Ihem ;  but, 
declining  an  encounter,  they  retreated 
into  the  city,  being  followed  by  the 
enemy,  who  occupied  San  llenigno. 
.Kvcntuallj  nn  action  took  place,  and 


tbe    French    were    routed   and    • 
persed. 

The  usual  result  of  a  victory  over 
the  comnion  enemy  wasdiscord  among 
the  allied  rivals.  Prospero  having 
made  thoFregosi  understand  that  they 
would  not  be  allowed  to  enter  into  the 


struggle  having  taken  place  il  ended 
in  Prospero  being  driven  out,  with  but 
a  few  attendants,  and  Spinet  la  Fregoso 
being  put  in  his  room. 

The  Fregosi  held  role  for  a  few 
years,  not  however  without  some 
changes  and  disputes,  for  these  were 
as  common  between  kinsmen  as  be- 
tween rivals;  in  the  meantime, 
duke  of  Milan,  always  seeking  in 
troubles  of  GeuoaameanBof  ambitii 
sought  out  Prospero  Adomo,  and 
dowed  him  with  the  territory  of  ._. 
Vuada.  In  1464  Gian  Galeazin  suo- 
ceeded  to  the  rule  of  Milan,  and  he 
entered  with  a  great  deal  of  energy 
into  the  design  of  subjecting  Genoa 
and  the  whole  of  its  dependencies 
to  his  power.  Perceiving  that  the 
heads  of  the  divers  factions  were  re- 
moved from  the  country,  and  that 
Prospero  alone  remained,  he  sent  for 
iilin,  and  without  further  qnestion,  or 

any  given  reason,  threw  him  inf ■' — 

iu  the  fortress  of  Cremona.  'J 
fortunes  of  the  great  and  the 
of  those  who  have  held  a  high  estat«< 
always  ensure  sympathy,  and  "  — 
quently  turn  the  tide  of  populn 
vour ;  so  the  Rckle  Genoese,  s 
their  former  Diige  Prospero  an 
and  n  pirisimer,  began  to  commiserate 
bis  misfortunes  aud  to  identify  him  witb 
the  cause  of  liberty.  Gian  GaleaKiso 
met  his  death  in  the  conspiracy  of 
Lnnipognano,  and  this  was  considered 
a  favourable  opportunity  for  a  new 
:4rnpgle  on  the  pnrt  of  the  citizens. 
hut  Prospero  was  still  a  prisoner,  and 
his  brother  Curio,  with  Giovanni  and 
Agoilino  brothers  of  Aaffaclle  Adomo, 
having  joined  their  powers  io  Ihe  valley 
of  Potzevern,  favoured  by  the  family 
of  Flisco  and  the  people,  compelled 
the  French  governor  to  retire  into  tbe 
fortress. 

The  dislracled  state  of  Genoa  moved 
thesignioryofMikn  to  attempt  to  gniiL- 
9W3y  over  it,  and  for  this  pur 
they  thought  to  make  use  of  Pro*] 
who  was  then  released   froru 


be-  I 

the  i 

;  he  ■ 

rpy 

the 

ihat 
for 

rate  1 


Tfm  Protptro  of  •'  Tht  Tempetl." 


[Aug. 


brouglit  to  Milan,  and  treated  with 
;^at  honour  and  tinirtee/.  Presents 
of  horses  ami  anuour  (Tern  made  him, 
and  he  was  constituted  gOTemor  with 
great  promisea.  Accordingly  Frospero, 
having  assembled  one  hundred  and 
Iwentj  squadrons  of  tried  veterans  and 
Tour  troops  of  horse,  came  to  Buziilla, 
attended  oj  Robert  San  Severino.  who 
vrui  nmde  geneml,  the  brothers  of 
duke  Galeazzo,  Gian  Giacomo  Tri- 
vulcio,  and  Pier  Franco  ViscoDtJ,  with 
a  ereat  part  of  the  Lombard  nobiiily, 
well  armed  und  mounted.  Thcj  as- 
a«mbled  In  the  valley  of  Poizeveni, 
near  to  tbe  sea-  Carlo  Adorao  being 
In  the  castle,  the  people  ran  to  bim 
for  advice  and  auucour,  and  tlicj  put 
themselves  In  order  for  oonfliet.  At 
lencili  Proapero,  after  a  battle  in  which 
he  nod  the  rictorj,  entered  the  city, 
and  caused  it  to  be  published  that  he 
piirdooed  all  who  had  committed  any 
oflence,  or  had  borne  arms  against 
him,  up  to  that  time.  The  following 
day  the  senate  being  assembled,  ibe 
letter  from  the  chiefs  of  Milan  was 
read,  by  which  Prospero  was  declared 
governor.  Thus  was  he  brought  back 
by  aid  of  foreign  arms,  and  by  a  vie- 
t«ry  over  the  citizens.  A  new  council 
was  formed  at  his  instance,  by  which 
six  thousand  ducats  were  voted  to  the 
captains  who  assisted  at  this  under- 
taking. Hut,  soon  alter,  hearing  that 
he  was  held  in  suspicion  by  Lodovlco, 
ruler  of  Milan,  who  sought  by  wiles 
to  deprive  him  of  the  government,  he 
raised  the  people  in  arms  to  strike  for 
their  liberty,  imd  cuinpelled  the  Mi- 
lanese gamsun,  with  the  commander 
newly  sent  from  Milan,  to  retire  within 
the  fortress  of  the  city.  He  also  began 
to  treat  clandestinely  with  Ferdinand 
king  of  Naples,  to  the  end  that  he 
mignt  effect  the  destruction  of  lh« 
&liianese  state.  The  design  and  the 
circumstances  pleased  the  king,  and  he 
sent  to  Frospero  two  galleys,  with  a 
large  sum  of  money.  As  soon  however 
as  these  transactions  became  known  at 
Milan,  they  sent  the  bishop  ofComo 
to  remove  hla  from  the  government. 
The  bishop  came  by  nivht  in  disguise, 
assembled  the  senate  in  S.  Siro,  but 
already  the  people,  with  Prospero  at 
iJieir  head,  were  in  great  commotion. 
With  the  bishop  were  man?  of  the 
magnates  and  nobles  of  the  land,  and 
the  letters  of  the  duke  were  read  de- 


priving FruBpcro  of  his  dignity,  and 
appointing  the  .prelate  in  bis  jilace. 
But  the  execution  of  this  decree  was 
deferred,  as  force  Was  necessary  to  seize 
upon  the  palace,  and  the  people  were 
already  in  arms  for  their  liberties. 
Frospero  was  accordingly  made  go- 
vernor of  the  Genoese  in  place  of  being 
merely  the  lieutenant  of  the  Duke  of 
Milan,  and  he  appointed  Robert  San 
Sevcrino  capt^n  of  the  forces,  and  the 
King  of  Naples  granle<l  him  his  as- 
sistance. But  the  usual  unfortunate 
result  followed — the  envy  of  rival  fiic- 
tions,  which  seemed  better  pleased  with 
the  dominion  of  the  foreigner  than  of 
n  rival  house.  So  the  Fregosi  again 
bestirred  themselves  to  pull  dowa 
Proepero  from  his  acquired  dignity. 
Accordingly  another  rismg  of  the  city 
took  pUce,  and  Battlsta  Fregoso  en- 
tered It  with  the  design  of  driving  out 
the  Adomi ;  but  Frospero,  deren<ling 
the  palace  with  a  body  of  foreign  troops, 
opposed  his  kinsmen  Agostino  and 
Giovanni  to  the  Fregosi,  with  whom  n 
light  was  maintained  in  the  street  di- 
rect from  the  gate  of  the  Vacca  as  far 
as  the  ditch,  and  the  Adomi  were 
victors,  and  expelled  the  inimical  fac- 
tion. Thirteen  uf  these  were  taken 
prisoners  and  conducted  before  Fro- 
spero, who,  against  all  laws  of  humanity, 
ordered  them  to  be  immediately  hung 
up,  to  tlie  universal  hatred  and  discust 
of  all  parlies,  and  the  result  of  which 
be  was  soon  to  feel  in  his  own  person, 
for  in  a  few  days  he  was  abandoned  by 
almost  every  one.  The  Frc^^i  look 
advantage  of  the  public  odium,  and, 
eager  to  avenge  their  murdered  kins- 
men or  followers,  they  occupied  the 
city ;  and  Proapero,  giving  up  the 
ducal  palace,  was  hastening  away  to- 
wards the  gate  of  St.  Thomas,  when 
be  was  assailed  and  put  to  flight,  and 
such  was  his  dongerthathehad  scarcely 
tiniL'  to  take  refiige  in  one  of  the  royal 
galleys,  and  was  even  compelled  to 
leap  into  the  sen,  all  dressed  as  he  was. 
Tins  terminoted  the  career  of  Frospero 
Adorno,  who  probably  died  an  exile 
at  the  court  of  Naples. 

The  fate  end  fortunes  of  Frospero 
Ailorno  are  precisely  those  on  which 
to  build  a  romantic  fiction :  and  the 
analogy  with  the  Proapero  of  "The 
Tempest"  is  sufficiently  close  for  such 
a  purpose.  Frospero  Adorno  is  poli- 
tically associated  with  Alonso  king  of 


1853.]  Original  Letter  of  Major  Patiick  Fergvi 

Nnplen  and  his  aon   Fcnlini 

Sbaki, 

of  Pmapei 


D  confederate 

IB  E  lug  of  Si 

n  species  of  intrigue  the  above  pages 
■bow  to  have  been  loo  common  in  Uie 
history  of  Genoa.  But  tlie  catiiBlrophe 
by  wbicb  Prospero  was  "  hurried 
BDonrd  a  bark,"  as  he  tells  Mirandi 
if  aa  cloae  I 
as  poetical 
lines  ran  Ihua : 

tn  few,  ibej  hnnist  w  iiboura  t,  hiitli, 


the  history  presented 


not  necessary 
accuracy  of  detail  in  euch  a  m 
cent  flight  of  imagination  as  tli 
of  "  The  Tempest."  The  poet' 
spero  is  B  verT  different  man  IVom  the 
Aiiomo;  the  latter  is  essentially  an  in- 
triguer without   anj  real  patriotism, 

_, ,     but  what  served  bis  own  end ;  mid  his 

Prospero  Adorno's  fate     career  lerininates  through  an  act  of 

irity  could  desire.    The     bloodshed  which  shocked  even  those 

:  accustomed  to  the  violent  atroeitlea  of 

Italian  partiatm  warfare.     Shakspere's 

hero  is  not  n  perfect  ruler,  but  his 

neglect  of  goveriinient  is  caused  by 

too  much  trust  in  his  brother,  to  whom 

he  committed  the  power,  whilst  he  was 

"rapt  in  secret  studies;"  but  Prospero 

rhe"i^w'^'ortYe     Alorno  was  a  type  of  the  lUliun  ruler 

scarcely   to    be     ol^Q'soge-  J.  G.  Wai.i.eb. 


Even  the  substitution  of  Milan  for 
Genoa  is  not  go  wide  ofi^  for  it  is  seen 
Genoa  was  at  best  but  a  dependency, 
umI  so  completely  ' 
Milanese    rulers 


ORIGINAL  LETTER  OF  MAJOR  PATRICK  FERGUSON. 


Among 


WE  have  the  pleasure  to  lay  bpfore  ray,    daughter    of  Alexander    Lord 

our  readers  an  originnl  Letter  of  tbe  Elibank ;  and,  with  this  descent,  ho 

vhivalrous   Major   Patrick   Ferguson,  fortunately  united  in  his  own  character 

who  was  slain  in  the  American  war,  the  calmjudgment  and  exalted  abilities 

and  which  describes  his  exertions  in  of  bis  father   with   the   vivacity  and 

tbe  service  of  the  Royalist  cause  at  a  genius  of  his  mother's  family.     He  was 

period  only  a,   few  weeks  before  his  born   in   (lie  year  1744,  and  his  first 

udL     This  gallant  young  officer  is  the  commission  was  purchased  for  bim  at 

subject  of  a  biographical  memoir  which  ibe  age  of  fourteen  in  the  Uoyal  North 

was  privately  printed  in  tbe  year  1817,  Briti^  Dragoons.    He  gave,  while  yet 

linring  been  written  by  Dr.  Adam  Fer-  a  boy,  many  striking  proofs  of  sensi- 

KUson  for  the  Encyclopedia  Britannico,  bility  to  the  military  ehBracter,  and  of 

but  omitted  from  that  work  on  account  bis  spirit  in   supporting  it 

of  its  length.*  other  matters,  the  Memoir 

Lieut. -Colonel  Ferguson   (for   that  detailed  account  of  hit 

nnk  had  been  conferred  upon  bim  new  apcciea  of  rifle,  which  could  be 

shortly  before  his  death,  though  Lord  loaded  at  the  breach  without  the  uie 

Cornwallis  on  tbe  same  occasion  styles  of  a  rammer,  and  in  such  i^uick  mio* 

hiin  M   Mnjiir  only),  was  the  second  cession   as  to   fire   seven  times   in  S 

ton  of  James  Ferguson,  esq.  of  Fitfour,  minute.     A  trial  of  Ihiij  rifle  took  ploOK 

one  of  the  senators  of  the  College  of  before  the  King  at  Windsor- 
Justice  and  Lords  Commissioners  of        On  llie"dispute"  withour  Amerii 

Justiciary,  in  Scotland,  by  Anne  Mur-  colonies  Ferguson  wished 

■  The  title  is  ai  follows  :— "  Biographical  Sketch  or  Mtinoir  of  LicDteniint- Colonel 
Pitriek  Fcrguion :  originally  inleaded  for  the  British  Encyclopedia.     By  Adsm  Fer- 
00,  LL.D.  Author  of  tbe  History  of  Che  Romsa  Republic.  Etcsy  on  Citil  Society, 


ClMc.  1817."  Pp.  36.    Theprest 
giaoa,  infnnna  us  tbat  the  oiBteriais  lor  id 
the  Major,  who  alwnjs  entertained  a  gr, 
wriliDg  the  ibrtrh.    Though  of  the  same  ai 


rpresentatite  of  tbe  U 


128 


Original  Letter  of  Major  Patrick  Ferguson,  [Aug. 


ployed  in  the  armaments  which  were 
then  being  prepared,  and  he  was  ac- 
cordingly indulged  with  instructions 
to  the  commander-in-chief  to  have  a 
corps  of  volunteers  draughted  from  the 
regiments  on  the  American  service, 
which  were  to  be  armed  in  his  own  way^ 
and  put  under  his  conunand.  This 
commission  was  peculiarly  agreeable 
to  him,  and  he  gave  very  soon  a  signal 
specimen  of  service  at  the  battle  of 
Brandy  wine  under  Knyphausen.  The 
reports  of  the  general  and  of  the  ad- 
jutant-general fully  and  generously 
acknowleged  his  merit,  and  somewhat 
painful  is  the  record  of  the  "  pique  " 
of  Sir  William  Howe.  At  this  period 
a  peculiarly  interesting  incident  oc- 
curred to  Ferguson  with  relation  to 
Washington,  and  which  (as  we  believe 
it  has  not  been  noticed  by  the  biogra- 
phers of  the  illustrious  rresident)  we 
shall  here  extract.  While  he  la^  with 
a  part  of  his  riflemen  on  the  skirts  of 
a  wood,  in  the  front  of  Greneral  Knyp- 
hausen*s  division  of  the  army,  the  fol- 
lowing circumstances  happened,  which 
he  relates  in  a  letter  to  a  friend : — 

We  had  not  lain  long  (he  says)  when 
a  rebel  officer,  remarkable  by  a  Hussar 
dress,  passed  towards  cor  army,  within  a 
handred  yards  of  my  right  flank,  not  per- 
ceiving us.  He  was  followed  by  another 
dressed  in  dark  green,  or  bine,  mounted 
on  a  bay  horse,  with  a  remarkably  large 
cocked  hat.  I  ordered  three  good  shots 
to  steal  near  to  them,  and  fire  at  them  ; 
but  the  idea  disgusted  me.  I  recalled  the 
order.  The  Hussar  on  returning  made  a 
drcttit,  but  the  other  passed  again  within 
a  hundred  yards  of  us,  upon  which  I  ad- 
vanced from  the  wood  towards  him.  On 
my  calling,  he  stopped  ;  but  after  looking 
at  me  proceeded.  I  again  drew  his  atten- 
tion, and  made  signs  to  him  to  stop, 
levelling  my  piece  at  him,  but  he  slowly 
continued  his  way.  As  I  was  within  the 
distance  at  which  in  the  quickest  firing  I 
could  have  lodged  half  a  dosen  of  balls  in 
or  about  him  before  he  was  out  of  my 
reach,  I  had  only  to  determine;  bat  it 
was  not  pleasant  to  fire  at  the  back  of  an 


unoffending  individual,  who  was  acquitting 
himself  very  coolly  of  his  duty ;  so  I  let 
him  alone.  The  day  after,  I  had  been 
telling  this  story  to  some  wounded  officers 
who  lay  in  the  same  room  with  me,  when 
one  of  our  surgeons,  who  had  been  dress- 
ing the  wounded  rebel  officers,  came  in 
and  told  us,  that  General  Washington  wot 
all  the  morning  with  the  light  troops, 
and  only  attended  bg  a  French  officer 
in  a  Hussar  dress,  he  himself  dressed  and 
mounted  in  everg  poiut  as  above  described. 
I  am  not  sorry  that  I  did  not  know  at  the 
time  who  it  was.* 

Nor  is  this  the  only  record  of  Fer- 
guson^s  considerate  generosity.  In  his 
despatch  concerning  the  action  at 
"Little  Egg  Harbour,"  addressed  to 
Sir  Henry  Clinton,  he  says  in  a  post- 
script— 

We  had  an  opportunity  of  destroying 
part  of  the  baggage  and  equipage  of  Pa- 
laski's  legion  by  burning  their  quarters*; 
but,  as  the  houses  belonged  to  some  in- 
offensive Quakers,  who,  I  am  afraid,  may 
have  sufficiently  suffered  already  in  the 
confusion  of  a  night's  scramble,  I  know, 
sir,  you  will  think  with  us,  that  the  in- 
jury to  be  thereby  done  to  the  enemy 
would  not  have  compensated  for  the  suf- 
ferings of  these  innocent  people. — P.  23. 

With  these  prefatory  remarks  and 
extracts  from  the  memoir,  we  now 
introduce  the  original  letter.  It  is 
addressed  to  Dr.  Ferguson,  who  had 
recently  returned  home  from  America, 
after  officiating  as  secretary  to  the 
commissioners  sent  to  ** treat**  with 
the  American  [so  called]  rebels.f 

Cambden,  Ang.  28,  1 780. 

D[ea]r  Sir, — I  congratulate  you  sin- 
cerely upon  Lord  Comwalli8[*s]  glorious 
success. 

The  rebels,  by  a  very  unexpected  and 
surprising  exertion,  have  been  able  to 
march  into  this  country  a  numerous,  well 
provided  army :  and  [with]  Gates  at  their 
head  [they]  marched  on  the  16th  to 
attack  Lord  Cornwallis  at  Cambden,  who 
judging  his  [•'.  e,  Gates^]  purpose,  very 
wisely  marched  the  same  evening  to  attack 
him :  the  advanced  guards  ""met  in  the 
dark,t  and  next  morning  by^  vigorous 


•  Memoir,  pp.  16,  17. 

t  See  Life  of  Ferguson  in  Chambers's  '*  Emioeot  Scotsmen."  Bancroft :  Mahon : 
Holmes. 

X  The  following  selected  extracts  from  Holmes's  excellent  "  Annals  of  America  " 
(2  vols.  8vo.  1829)  elucidate  this  paragraph.  Holmes  relates  that  on  the  27th  of  July 
the  American  army  "  was  joined  by  General  Gates,  who,  taking  the  chief  command, 
advanced  by  the  main  road  toward  Camden  ;  and  after  a  tedious  march  through  a 
country  of  pine  barrens,  sand-hills,  and  swamps,  reached  Clermont  At  this  place, 
3 


1853.]  Original  Loiter  i>f  Major 

■  ppUeation  or  the  bayonet  «  total  route 
[i.  *.  rout]  apd  diiialuiian  of  the  rebel 
■nnT  epsueJ.  Bf  the  rebel  returns  their 
OumltGra  were  shove  6,000:'  onra,  bf 
fickDeii,  reduced  to  I.SOO  {l.UOO  men 
biing  in  tlie  hoapitil  at  Cambdea):  above 
2.000  of  tW  raemj  were  killed  or  taken : 
til  dieir  arrillery  (and  braaaea  peicet  f«cj, 

rear)and«ninuDit)on,3,DU0at>iiidofarDi>, 
all  [beir  baggage-  tents,  and  slorea  in  l&U 
waggbD* :  their  geaenl  [a]  kear'd  [(.  e. 
■kulked]  oS  two  da;B  after  150  miles  from 
thU,  aecoinpinied  odIj  by  two  three 
bonce  nen  -.-f  and  liii  men  akuUing  off  bj 
doMDi  and  willin;tj  aurrenderiD;  their 
arm*  lo  ibe  country  people.^ 

The  Sd  day  after  the  action  the  gallant 
and  forlunaleTarletaa  oierlnoli  Gene[i'a)l 
Sampler,  wbo  had  bren  ileUclied  with 
GOO  excellent  militia,  300  coaliaeutals,  and 
two   brail  lield   piecea,  to  prei 


in  3G0  of  Surapter'i  mi'u 

thirteen  milei  from  CnmdeT 
«f  Virginia  militia.    The  A< 
bad  the  principal  command  of  tl 
eentrated  hia  forces  at  Camden, 
tHvach  of  Galea,  and  arriied  thi 
the  IStb  [ihonld  be  IGth,  tupi 

■  -      oF  1.700  infaalry' 


Pali'u  k  Ferguno 

the  cannon.  40  waggon*,  300  horses,  audi 
200  of  our  prisoners  nhom  be  relieved,  f 
cut  np  ISO.  and  totalljdiapenedtherest.f 

On  onr  aide  towarda  94  [J.  t.  a  district 
ao  named]  1  bare  bifea  employed  in  Form- 
ing the  Loyal  Militia,  not  without  a uccesa  : 
and  am  now  going  upon  service  with  > 
detachment  of  ihem. 

Prom  Ijaung  been  kept  under  by  the 
rebrU.  snil  frum  having  aioided  scrviu( 
Kith  them  from  principle,  [hey  are  rather 
diffident,  whitat  their  encmiei  are  tolerably 
warlike.  It  baa  been  my  endeavour  to 
establiib  order  and  discipline,  and  10  give 
them  confidence.  Unfortunately  from  the 
accident  of  being  overmatched  and  rather  , 
surprised  upon  two  or  three  detachnii 


ine  big  baggage  to  the  Waibaws,  put  bi>  a 
milea  from  Camden.  As  the  two  armies  i 
direcUoaa.  their  advanced  gujrda  met  and 
the  morning." — Holmes,  vul.  ii.  p,  310, 

'  Kolinea,  n/ira,  makes  Ibem  3,663,  ■ 
continental  [?]  infantry,  and  70  caoalry, 
•eaknfM  in  giving  the  minimum  of  the 
itBte  the  miiimnm  of  the  British.     In  the  pi 
wilhio  the  mark,  though  posiibly  Msjor  Fergui 

%  We  mnal  bear  in  mind  that  this 
Gates  waa  hardly  u  man  lo  "  akulk  " 
lowo.  Ac.  Tile  Baron  de  KaUct  wsi 
•hose  memory  Congresa  erected  a  moi 
(ell ;  and  many  other  offieers.— Holmi 

I  Holmes  (p,  312)  elacidaiea  this  p 
taken  ■  small  fort,  and  a  atrong  detach 

at  Cimden,  hearing  of  General  tiatea'i  ^    , 

Waterce  with  hia  prisoners  and  the  etores.    Colonel  Tarieton,  detached  by  Lord  Coi 
wallis  with  his  lenun  and  a  body  of  infantry,  in  pursuit  of  him. 

ling  Creek,  near  Calawba  Pord,  and  completely  lurprised  him.  Hicip^ateet  part  of  his 
IKKtpa  lied  to  the  river ;  Bnme  ireiekilled  andwouniied,  and  othera  token.  Ilia  whole  patty 
■aa  disperard.  the  Bririth  pritontra,  about  300.  were  retaken  [200  tii;;ra],  and  all  tbe 
atorea  conducted  lo  Camden,  General  Sum pittr  lost  all  artillery"— which,  as  above 
alated.  amoanled  only  to  two  pieces.  See  also  Moultrie's  Memoirs,  ii.  2.tS  ;  Ramsay, 
Hist.  South  Caroliaa,  L  364.  Holmes  admits  that  "  the  number  of  men  with  General 
Sumpter  at  the  Waleree  was  GOO  nr  700,"  while  "  Colonel  Tarleton'i  toas  was  only  nine 
men  billed  ind  «Li  wounded,"  p.  312,  note.  Snmpter  woa  a  patriotic,  daring,  akilfnl 
ry  interealiog  to  trace  hia  energetic  career  by  help  of  Holmes. 
a  : — "  It  had  been  tbe  policy  of  the  British,  ainoe  the  general  tub- 
m  of  Ihe  inhabitants  of  Soulh  Carolina,  10  increase  the  royal  force  by  embodying 

Gmit.  Mao.  Vol..  XI<. 


iub-  1 

ring    ^^^J 


130  Original  Letter  of  Major  Patrick  Fergueon,  [Aug. 

have  been  in  the  field  these  three  months  assure  you  came  upon  me  very  mueh  by 
with  the  new  militia  of  96  district  in  surprise,  as  well  as  the  above  from  Lord 
covering  the  frontier,  and  during  that  petty  Comwallis,  neither  of  whick  I  am  con- 
service  have,  by  coDvinciog  them  from  scious  of  having  had  an  opportnnity  of  de- 
experience  of  the  necessity  of  discipline  serving.  As  to  laurels,  a  man  most  be  on 
and  of  acting  together,  got  them  heartily  horseback  and  mounted  like  the  winds  to 
to  agree  to  every  necessary  regulation  to  overtake  them  in  this  country.  Tarletxm 
enforce  obedience.  There  are  in  that  dis-  has  the  only  opportunity,  and  well  has  he 
trict  from  4,000  to  5,000  militia  of  all  ages  availed  himself  of  it.— Yours,  faithfnlly, 
truly  loyal,  and  near  3,000  men  under  Pat.  Fbrouson. 
forty,  either  bachelors  or  having  small  Doctor  Ferguttm, 
families,  who  would  double  the  numbers  Qnly  one  month  (or  little  more)  after 
of  our  army  and  increase  our  resourc«  ^y^^  ^^^  ^^  ^^^^  j^^  ^j^-  Ferguaon 
and  command  of  the  country  tenfold  ;  and  x*  n  •  »u  *•  *  ir*  »  lut^^^^i^ 
[they]  improTe  so  much  upon  .ertlce  m  ^f. '"  t»»e  action  at  Kings  MounUin, 
[that]  .ben  [they]  are  [shall  be]  mixed'  "'"«•>  '»  *"*  de»cnb«d  by  Holme.:— 
with  the  home  militia  to  give  us  in  the  They  [the  American  troops]  came  up 
province  a  disciplined,  confident  army,  to  with  the  enemy  at  King's  Mountain  [Oct 
be  ever  after  garrison  without  pay.  Un-  7,  1780],  where  Ferguson,  on  finding  that 
fortunately  from  the  behaviour  of  some  he  should  be  overtaken,  had  chosen  his 
militia  formed  in  a  disaffected  part  of  ground,  and  waited  for  an  attack.  The 
Pedee  [?],  without  the  assistance  of  one  Americans  formed  themselves  into  three 
oflficer,  and  brought  upon  service  without  divisions,  led  by  Colonels  Campbell,  Shel- 
the  least  organisation,  the  army  has  re-  ley,  and  Cleavelaud,  and  began  to  ascend 
oeived  an  impression  that  no  militia  is  good  the  mountain  in  three  diffsrent  and  oppo- 
for  anything.  site  directions.      Fergnson,   falling  with 

Lord  Cornwallis  has  been  pleased,  by  a  great  boldness  and  impetnosity  on  ^  first 
letter  of  the  5th,  to  express  himself  in  such  assailants  with  fixed  bayonets,  compelled 
a  manner  respecting  the  little  opportunity  them  to  give  way:  but  before  one  division 
I  have  had  of  showing  my  diligence,  that  could  be  dispersed  another  came  up,  and 
I  should  be  very  unworthy  of  the  honour  poured  in  a  heavy  fire.  Against  the  second 
he  does  me  were  I  not  to  avail  myself  of  body  of  assailants  the  bayonet  was  again 
it  with  you.  His  words  are, — **  He  (CoL  used  with  success;  but,  before  any  ma- 
Balfour )  has  likewise  informed  me  of  your  terial  advantage  could  be  gained,  a  new 
indefatigable  exertions  to  put  the  militia  enemy  presented  himself  in  another  qnarter. 
of  that  district  into  a  respectable  situa-  Ferguson  again  successfully  used  the  bay- 
tion,  and  of  the  success  with  which  your  onet ;  but,  both  the  corps  which  had  been 
labour  has  been  attended.  I  beg  you  will  repulsed  now  returning  to  the  charge,  a 
accept  my  warmest  acknowledgments  for  very  galling  fire  was  kept  up  against  him 
the  very  important  services  which  you  have  on  all  sides.  The  action  having  been  con- 
rendered  to  your  country.**  tinned  in  this  manner  nearly  an   hour, 

1   will   also  take  this   opportunity  of  Major  Ferguson  received  a  mortal  wound, 

transcribing  a  part  of  the  orders  given  out  and  instantly  expired.* 

upon  the  surrender  of  Charlestown  which  q^  ^jjg  f^  of  Ferguaon,  De  Peyster, 

relate  to  ™J  -7-                     ..      .^         ,  second  in  command,  hoisted  a  flag  as 

"  To    Major    Ferguson    the    General        _. ,     ^  „..««^„j  '       rpt  ^  «^««r:.« 

acknowledges  himself  much  indebted  for  »  «»|"f\^^  surrender.     The  firing  im- 

hU  great  activity  and  good  services,  and  mediately   ceas^l,    and   the   Loydist 

particularly  for  the  useful  application  of  troops,  laying   down   their  arms,  the 

his  talents  in  field  fortification."  most  of  which  were  loaded,  submitted 

These  are,  I  think,  the  words,  which  I  to  the  enemy .f     Lord  Cornwallis,  in  a 

the  people  of  the  country  as  a  British  militia.  In  the  district  of  Ninety-Six,  Mijor 
Ferguson,  a  partizan  (tie)  of  distinguished  merit,  had  been  employed  to  train  the  most 
loyal  inhabitants,  and  to  attach  them  to  his  own  corps.  That  officer  was  now  directed 
by  Lord  Cornwallis  to  enter  the  western  part  of  North  Carolina,  near  the  mountains, 
and  to  embody  the  Loyalists  in  that  quarter  for  co-operation  with  his  army."— Annals 
of  America,  vol.  ii.  p.  313. 

*  Holmes,  vol.  ii.  pp.  313,  314. 

t  See  Lorenzo  Sabine's  Loyalists  voce  De  Peyster ;  and  Holmes,  p.  314. — It  may 
be  interesting  to  our  readers  to  be  told  that  this  **  second  in  command  *'  was  the  sub- 
sequently "  honor'd  Colonel  '*  of  the  Gentlemen  Volunteers  of  Dumfries,  of  the  poems 
of  Robert  Bums  : — 

My  honoured  Colonel,  deep  I  feel 

Your  interest  in  the  Poet's  weal : 

Ah  !  now  sma*  heart  hae  I  to  speel 
The  steep  Parnassus. 


1853.]  (h*iginal  Letter  of  Major  Patrick  Ferguson, 


131 


letter  to  Sir  Henry  Clinton,*  dated 
Wjnnesborough,  Dec.  3,  1780,  gives 
the  following  account  of  the  catas- 
trophe :-r- 

I  had  the  honour  to  iDform  your  Ex- 
cellency that  Major  Ferguson  had  taken 
infinite  pains  with  some  of  the  militia  of 
Ninety-six.  He  obtained  my  permission 
to  make  an  incursion  into  Tryon  coanty, 
whilst  the  sickness  of  my  army  prevented 
my  moving.  As  he  had  only  militia  and 
the  small  remains  of  his  own  corps,  without 
baggage  or  artillery,  and  as  he  promised 
to  come  back  if  he  heard  of  any  superior 
force,  1  thought  it  could  do  no  harm,  and 
might  help  to  keep  alive  the  spirits  of  our 
friends  in  North  Carolina,  which  might 
be  damped  by  the  slowness  of  our  motions. 
The  event  proved  unfortunate,  without 
any  fault  of  Major  Ferguson.  A  numerous 
and  unexpected  enemy  came  from  the 
mountains.  As  they  had  good  horses  their 
movements  were  rapid.     Major  Ferguson 


was  tempted  to  stay  near  the  mountains 
longer  than  he  intended,  in  hopes  of  cutting 
off  Colonel  Clarke  on  his  return  from 
Georgia.  He  was  not  aware  that  the  enemy 
were  so  near  him ;  and,  in  endeavouring 
to  execute  my  orders  of  passing  the  Ca- 
tawba and  joining  me  at  Charlotte  Town, 
he  was  attacked  by  a  very  superior  force, 
and  totally  defeated  on  King's  Moun- 
tain. 

Dr.  Ferguson^s  sketch  sapplies  some 
further  details.  It  states  that  the 
Major  had  two  horses  killed  under 
him,  whilst  he  remained  untouched 
himself;  but  that  he  afterwards  re- 
ceived a  number  of  wounds,  any  one 
of  which  was  mortal,  and  that,  drop- 
ping from  his  horse,  he  expired  whilst 
his  feet  still  hung  in  the  stirrup. 

— —  Sine  pondere  terram 
....  et  in  urna  perpetuum  ver. 

Edinburgh.  A.  B.  G. 


**  This  good 'old  soldier,"  says  Cunningham,  "  befriended  the  poet  as  far  as  the  poet 
would  permit.'*  Among  the  last  verses  composed  by  Scotland's  best  and  best-beloved 
poet  was  the  "  Poem  on  Life  "  (quoted  from  above),  addressed  to  De  Peyster.  We 
refer  our  readers  for  particulars  to  Bums'  Works  by  Cunningham  in  loc, :  and  as  an 
additional  Bums'  morsel  (as  well  as  an  illustration  of  the  text)  we  add  here  the  inscrip- 
tion upon  the  "  monument "  of  De  Peyster,  who  rests  in  the  same  crowded  cemetery  of 
Dumfries  with  the  Poet.     It  has  hitherto  escaped  notice,  apparently  : — 

Sacred 

To  the  Memory  of 

Colonel 

Arbnt  Schuyler  Db  Pbtstbr, 

of  Mavis  Grove, 

Who  died  on  the  26th  of  November,  1822, 

at  a  very  advanced  age,  of  which  upwards 

of  Sixty  years  were  devoted  to  the  service 

of  his  King  and  Country. 
He  was  no  less  distinguished  by  his  loyalty 

and  honourable  principles  than  by  the 

cordiality  of  his  Manners  and  the  warmth 

and  sincerity  of  his  Friendship  :  and  his 

Memory  will  long  be  cherished  and  revered 

by  those  who  enjoyed  the  happiness 

of  his  Acquaintance. 

Of  the  Christian  humility  of  his  Mind  a  fair 

estimate  may  be  formed  from  the  following 

simple  lines  written  by  him  within  a  week 

of  his  Death  : — 

Raise  no  vain  Stracture  o'er  my  Grave, 
One  simple  stone  is  all  I  crave. 
To  say,  Beneath  a  sinner  lies 
Who  died  in  hopes  again  to  rise. 
Through  Christ  alone  to  be  forgiven. 
And  fitted  for  the  joys  of  Heaven. 

*  Annual  Register,  vol.  i.  1780,  pp.  72 — 75,  in  account  of  Camden. 


132 


WANDERINGS  OF  AN  ANTIQUARY. 
By  Thomas  Wright,  F.S.A. 
XI. — Bramber  Castlk  and  thb  karlt  Church  Architbcturb  or  thb 

NKIGHBOURHOOD. 


THE  transit  from  Brighton  to  Shore- 
ham  bj  the  railway  occupies  with  the 
(luick  trains  about  ten  minutes.    Near 
the  station  at  the  latter  place  is  a  good 
inn,  where  the  visitor  may  obtain  a 
lunch,  or  a  tly  if  he  be  not  inclined  to 
walk.     The  roud  up  the  valley  of  the 
Adur  is  e(iually  pleasant  as  a  walk  or  as 
a  drive.    Clobcly  overhung  on  the  right 
by  Hwellin^  eminences,  it  presents  a 
wider  proif[>ect  towards  the  loflier  and 
tuore  oibtaiit  downs  on  the  left;  while 
haUfW  iti  the  bed  of  the  Adur,  running 
throu;:h  a  flat  which  is  still  partially 
covered  with  water  when  the  tide  is  in, 
Btid  which  evidently  once  formed  an 
arm  of  the  »m»u.     The  views  vary  con- 
KMlfrrubly  aH  we  proceed,  until,  at  a 
diifiaiKu*  of  about  six  miles,  we  cross 
the  rivi*r  at  lieeding  bridge,  and  ap- 
ffroa(;h  the  little  rural  town  of  Bramber. 
VVe  should  hardly  have  ventured  to 
call  it  more  than  a  village,  had  it  not 
only  a  U'.w  years  ago  sent  two  members 
to  parliumeiit,  its  population  consisting 
then  of  Koiiiewhat  less  than  a  hundred 
jHirnttUH,     However,  in  whatever  light 
in  this  rcHpect  it  is  considered,  be  it 
borough,  town,  or  village,  it  y>reNent8 
to  the  visitor  a  charming  assemblage 
of  cottages  and  (!oun  try -houses,  grouped 
along  tlie  two  sides  of  the  road,  and 
completely  embosomed  in  gardens  and 
trees. 

1  have  seldom  seen  anything  of  its 
kind  more  picturesque  than  the  view 
of  the  tall,  slender  fragment  of  the 
Norman  keep  of  Bramber  castle,  as  it 


inclose  the  whole  summit  of  an  eleTated 
knoli,  rising  boldly  out  of  the  plain, 
and  are  partly  surroanded  with  a  yeij 
deep  foss  and  earthen  vallum.     The 
entrance  was  at  the  southern  extre* 
mity  of  the  area,  immediately  above 
the  town,  and  the  ruined  gateway-tower 
still  remains,  adioining  to  which  was 
the  keep,  of  which  one  of  the  aide- walla 
is  standing,  with  some  fra^irments  of  the 
foundations  attached.    These  are  the 
only  remains  of  the  Norman  castle  of 
the  Braoses,  to  whom   this  property 
was    granted   immediately  afler  the 
Conquest.    Exactly  in  the  middle  of 
the  area  rises  a  large  mound,  which 
perhaps  once  supported  some  of  the 
buildings  of  the  castle,  remains  of  which 
may  be  concealed  within  it ;  but  it  still 
presents  a  beautiful  prospect  of  the 
country   around,   and  we   feel   when 
standing  upon  it  the  importance  of  its 
position  for  a  fortress  or  a  town,  at  a 
time  when  the  flat  to  the  south  was 
covered  by  the  sea,  and  ships  could 
approach  almost  to  the  foot  oi  the  hill 
on  which  the  castle  stood. 

Bramber  was  certainly  in  early  times 
a  much  more  important  place  than  at 
present.  From  the  mention  of  it  in 
Domesday  Book,  we  learn  that  there 
was  a  fortress  of  some  kind  here  be- 
fore the  Conquest.  The  existing  walls 
of  the  circuit  appear  to  have  been 
adopted  by  the  Normans  when  they 
built  the  new  castle,  which  was  held 
for  several  generations  by  the  great 
family  of  De  Braose.    From  them  it 


looks  down  upon  us  from  the  brow  of  passed  to  the  Howards, 

the  wooded  eminence  on  which  it  stands,  Somewhere  on  this  part  of  the  Sus- 

as  we  enter  the  village.    A  steep  wind-  sex  coast  stood  a  Roman  seaport  town 

ing  walk  turning  from  the  road  leads  called  the  Partus  Adumi,  which  was 

us  to  this  summit,  and  we  enter  an  garrisoned  at  the  time  of  the  compila- 

area  of  irregular  oval  form,  five  hun-  tion  of  the  NotUia  Imperii — that  is,  at 

drcd  and  sixty  feet  long  from  north  to  the  beginning  of  the  fifth  century — by 

south,  and  exactly  one-half  as  much  a  division  of  the  Roman  troops  called 


in  its  greatest  breadth  from  east  to 
west.  It  has  been  surrounded  by  a 
strong  wall  of  flints  and  rubble,  con- 
siderable portions  of  which  remain, 
but  almost  concealed  under  a  luxuriant 
covering  of  plants  and  bushes.    They 


exploratores.  The  site  of  this  town  has 
been  a  matter  of  much  doubt  among 
antiquaries;  it  has  been  supposed  to 
have  stood  near  Portslade,  and  people 
seemed  generally  to  have  come  to  the 
conclusion  that,  as  they  found  no  visi- 


1853.)  Bramber 

ble  traces  of  it,  it  must  hare  occupied 
Hime  spot  onlhe  const  which  has  byen 
carried  away  hj  the  sea.  Mr.  Koauh 
Smith  has  recently'  stated  bis  opinion 
that  he  has  found  ihe  true  site  of  the 
Bomao  Portui  Adnnti  in  Bramber 
castle.  Af^er  a  fair  consideration  of 
the  question  I  am  inclined  to  think 
that  Mr.  Smilh  is  rif^ht.  I[«  name 
would  lead  us  naturallr  to  Biippose 
that  it  stood  at  Hid  noutb  of  the  nrer 
Adar,  and  this  site  was  then  the  head 
of  ihe  bav  Into  which  the  Adur  ran. 
It  overlooks  the  Roman  road,  which  in 
its  course  from  Anderida  (Pevense;) 
to  Regnum  (Chichester)  passes  here 
for  the  verj  reason  that  it  was  the 
head  of  the  bay,  and  that  if  it  had  run 
nearer  the  coast  it  would  have  been 
necessary  to  cross  the  water  in  boats. 
This  Roman  road  is  now  known  in 
parts,  like  that  from  the  I'ortns  Le- 
manis  to  Canterbury,  by  the  name  of 
the  Slone  Street,  no  doubt  from  the 
manner  in  which  it  was  pared.  Under 
tkia  rood,  just  before  entering  Ibc  ril- 
liiKc  of  Bramber  from  the  Seeding 
bridge,  were  discovered,  in  the  course 
of  some  excavations  in  the  year  1839, 
the  ruins  of  a  verr  ancient  bridge,  the 
nnlerials  of  which  were  soon  deared 
away;  but  some  imperfect  observutions 
Uial  were  made  lead  lo  the  belief  that 
part  at  least  of  the  remains  was  Roman 
masonry.*  Roman  remains  of  differ- 
ent kinds,  especially  sepulchral,  have 
been  found  lu  the  immediate  viinnity 
of  Bramber  on  almost  every  aide. 
Mr-  Smith  is  of  ^nion  that  the  walls 
of  the  circuit  are  Roman,  and,  although 
they  want  many  of  the  uiual  chsrac- 
tenslics  of  Roman  masonry,  we  hare 
Other  samptes  of  acknowledged  Roman 
masonrj  in  this  country  which  are 
equally  deficient  in  those  characteris- 
tics, anil  which  are  not  unlike  tbut  at 
Bramber.  As  the  Tortus  Adumi  is 
only  known  from  the  Notilia  Imperii, 
aim  is  not  mentioned  in  any  of  the 
Itineraries  or  earlier  writers,  it  was 
perhniHafortreasmisedat  a  late  period 
of  the  Roman  occupation,  and  the  walls 
may  have  been  built  hastiljr,  with  the 
materials  readiest  at  band,  and  tlie  beet 
mortar  that  could  be  made  under  the 
This  inclosure  at  all 


Cattlr  131 

events  cerlaiiily  bears  little  n 
blance  in  plan  to  a  Norman  c 
Tlie  Roman  walls  may  have  been  pre- 
served during  the  Saxon  period,  and 
they  may  hare  been  adopted  by  the 
Norman  builders,  who  erected  the 
purely  Norman  castle  at  the  loulhern 
end,  as  being  nearest  to  the  port, 
which  still  existed,  though  perhaps 
already  much  diminished  in  depth  of 
water  from  what  it  was  in  the  lime  of 
the  Romans.  In  fact,  instead  of  the 
sea  encroaching  upon  the  land  here, 
the  land  has  been  constantly  gaining 
upon  the  sea,  in  consequence  of  the 
sand  and  alluvial  soil  whii^h  was  collect- 
ing at  the  mouth  of  the  river.  Of  the 
existence  of  this  great  bay  or  harbour 
there  can  be  littJe  doubt.  Camden, 
wholired  under  Elizabeth  and  Jamesl., 
tell  us  that, "  in  foregoing  times,"  ehipa 
went  up  to  Brnmber  with  full  sail. 
The  port  was  afterwards  mored  to 
Old  Shorchom.  and,  as  the  filling  up 
of  the  bay  went  on.  Old  Shoreham,  ai 
well  as  Bramber,  lust  its  importonoet 
which  was  transferred  to  New  Shore- 
ham,  a  town  which  also  is  experiencing 
the  same  fate.  Mr.  Roach  Smith  re- 
cently caused  a  trench  to  be  dug  bctom 
the  northern  part  of  the  area  of  Bram- 
ber castle,  in  the  hopes  that  some  dis- 
covery might  be  made  which  would 
throw  light  on  the  early  history  of  the 
place,  of  which  however  the  only  result 
w.is  Ihe  digging  up  of  a  single  Roman 
coin,  a  proof  Uiat  the  spot  had  been 
occupied  In  Roman  limes.  It  is  desir- 
able that  more  extensive  excavations 
should  be  made.  Those  already  com- 
menced have  led  to  the  uocorering  of 
some  mediieral  buildings  of  apparently 
a  rather  late  date,  adjoining  internally 
to  the  north-eastern  wall,  and  add  h) 
the  interest  of  the  pbce,  which  is  now 
a  favourite  resort  for  pic-nic  parties. 

The  part  of  Sussex  we  are  now  visit- 
ing  Is  peculiarly  interesting  for  its  nu- 
merous antir|uities.  Traces  of  Roman 
cemeteries  and  Roman  villas  are  com- 
mon ;  a  villa  of  large  extent  has  bean 
discovered  at  North-wick.  The  hill- 
tops are  covered  with  earthworks  and 
barrows  ;  the  great  camp  of  Cissbury 
is  at  no  great  distance.  If  we  pass  from 
Roman  to  medlteval  works,   there  is 


■  A  full  accouut  of  this  bridge,  di 
Kelil,  nith  plaai  by  Mr.  Pigg  of  Lew 
Siuaei  Arebwolagicsl  CollectionB. 


134 


Wandi  I'JKgi  ofm»  AMiyHary. 


CADg. 


a  singialar  degree 


■cmrcely  m  church  in  this  neighbour-  Sowptinp,  Bod  tltere  can  be  little 
hood  which  does  noi  nffer  some  femtore  doabt  thkt  the  tower  of  that  identtckl 
of  peculiar  ioteresi  U  the  Iotct  of  Saxon  church  was  the  n 
eccleviastical  ircbiteclare.  The  little  now  see  itaiMluig  L 
ehnrch  of  Bramber  ilseir,  built  on  the  of  perfection, 
slope  of  the  bank  ander  the  moulder-  It  was  long  a  CM-elesa  and  igDOTMlt 

ing  walls  of  the  outle  of  the  Braoaes,  enabxnof  topoeraphical  writera  to  call 
and  Dear  to  the  entrance  niewa;,  is  an  roond  arches  m  church  windom  and 
interating  Norman  badding.  At  a  doon  indiscriminately  Saxon.  Tfaia 
abort  distance  in  a  weatward  direction  practice  gave  riae  to  a  sort  of  Tulgar 
Irom  Bramber,  fuUowii^  the  nwd  error  on  tbe  subject,  whicli  is  hardlj 
which  occupies  tbe  anciest  Roman  yet  entirely  dispelled.  Ho(«  careful 
war,  w  Stone  Street,  we  come  to  the  ohao-ratioo,  oeTertheleas,  has  shown 
Tilli^  of  Ste^nins,  which  has  been  that,  tlio-igh  the  Anxlo-Saxon  archi- 
supposed  to  take  its  name  from  the  tects  did  undonbte^y  make  round 
Stone  StreeU  The  church  of  Stejn-  arches,  almost  all  tboee  of  this  form 
ingisaNormanbuilding.of  Tcnr  neat  that  nnt«n  in  our  old  parish  chnn^ea 
interest,  which  seems  to  have  delimited  are  Norman,  that  is,  tbejr  belong  to 
Bickman  bj  the  richness  of  its  elabo-  the  poiod  extending  fiom  tbe  Nonnan 
rate  omsmeqtalion.  The  churches  of  Conqnest  to  the  latter  part  of  the 
Old  and  New  Shoreham  are  both  very  twdnh  century.  It  is  not  the  semi- 
interesting  bnildings  of  tbe  Norman  drenlar  form  ot  tbe  arches  which  dia- 
period,  and  are  well  worthy  of  study,  tingnished  between  Saxon  and  Nor- 
llie  latter,  a  late-Norman  building,  man,  and  it  ni^ht  reasonably  have 
is  considered  by  many  to  be  one  of  been  doobted,  as  it  has  been,  whether 
the6nestchurehes  in  Sussex,  and  pre-  we  really  possessed  any  remains  of 
sento  many  pecnliariues  of  detail.  Anglo-Saxon  architecture  at  all,  had 
Among  these  are  certainly  its  oma-  not  further  observation  led  to  the  dig- 
■nrated  ca)Ntals,  of  which  our  cut  re-  covery  of  a  elan  of  chnrcbea  whk^ 
posMH  certain  peculiarides  that  differ 
~  connderably  from  what  is  known  to 
^  r^  be  Norman  work.  These  chuvcter- 
istic  peculiarities  are — 

1.  Double  -  arched  windows,  the 
arches  side  by  side,  and  the  division 
between  them  supported  by  a  small 
columnar  prop. 

2.  CcduDUis,  which,  from  thedrcum- 
stance  of  thdr  resembling  the  wooden 
supports  of  balusters,  turned  on  a 
laUKgWithmonldiDgs,  have  been  termed 
baluster  columns. 

3.  Arches,  rather  improperly  so 
named,  tbe  heads  of  which  form  a 
straight- lined  angle,  as  if  formed  by 
two  flat  surfaces  leaning  together. 
These  are  intermixed  with  the  circular 


presents  two  examples,  very  different 

irom  each  other  in  their  proportions, 

and  yet  having  some  resemblaoce  in 

the  genernl  character  of  the  de^gn. 

At   Broadwater,    some    four   or    five 

miles   weit    of    Shoreham     which    is 

reached  by  a  pleasant  wiOk  «=roa»lbe 

field»,    there   is   also   a   fine   Norman 

church,  with  some  very  e'*!*"'*  ^^ 

'^Jtl  w^o^  the  iittie'runJ  village     sometimes  springing  from  similar  beads 

of  So'mpting.  at  which  we  will  arrest     rannma  round  ihe  arches  of  the  door 

^^ir^'rt'aSetir^SNi    "6""lirm..onry  at  the  comer,  of 
:a';:c::;'2i':h^w«\"'Iu«rat     thebuildinga^igedinwhatUcIled 


4.  Capitals  foliated,  in  rude  imita- 
tion of  Koman  capitals,  and  dissimilar 
in  character  to  the  generality  of  Nor- 
man capitals. 

5.  On  the  exterior  masonry,  plain 
vertical  beads  of  stone  running  op  the 

and  body   of  the  church,  and 


[8530 


Sampling  Church. 


"long  and   ihort"   quoinins,  formed 
bj  ilones   being    placed  altcrnatel; 

BlijngthifiHe  and  croasnise.  In 
line  or  two  instancea  vbcre  the 
r  church  was  built  ncnr  a  Roman 
site,  Roman  tiles  have  been  used 
rfor  this  purpoae,  when  Iht'y  pre- 
■ent  the  appearance  represented 
in  the  oiargm. 
These  pecutioriOes,  whether  found 
■ingl)'  or  combined  together,  are  uuw 
generally  regurded  as  cbaraoteristics 
of  Anglo-Saxon  architecture,  though, 
as  the  eupjHued  remains  of  Anglo- 
Saxon  archileoture  are  found  princi- 
pal! j  In  the  towers.  It  is  not  cer- 
tain whether  flome  of  thein,  particularly 
the  double- arched  windows,  and  the 
balniler  columns,  belongeil  particu- 
larly to  that  part  of  the  building.  As 
I  have  already  hinted,  the  only  reason 
why  these  characteristics 
supposed   lo   be  Saxon  wi 


135 

tainty  that  they  were  of  an  early  date, 
and  their  diasimilarity  from  anything 
known  to  be  Norman.  But  a  new 
light  has  been  since  thrown  on  the 
subject,  which  seems  to  show  thnt  these 
charncteristics  of  architectural  style 
have  been  correctly  ascribed  lo  our 
Saxon  forefathers.  An  examination 
of  the  representations  of  buildings  in 
illuminated  manuscripts,  certiuuly  of 
the  Anglo-Saxon  period,  and  some  of 
them  far  from  late  io  that  period,  has 
furnished  us  with  examples  of  nearly 
all  the  peculiarities  just  alluded  to, 
but  more  especially  of  the  angular 
heads  of  windows  (we  can  hardly  call 
them  arches),  of  the  buluater  columns, 
and  of  the  foliated  capilals.* 

As  I  have  said  bef<ire,  the  situation 
of  the  church  and  villiige  of  Sompting 
is  extremely  picturesque.  The  accom- 
panyiriff  engraving  from  a  sketch  by 
Mr.  Fiurholtwill  give  some  notion  of  the 


former.  Thetowerof  Somptingchnrch, 
which  It  by  much  the  most  inturesting 
part  of  the  buildine,  contains  several 
of  the  more  remarkable  peculiarities 
of  the  Anglo-Saxon  style  of  architec- 
ture, and  to  theperiod  of  that  style  we 
can  have  no  hesitation  in  ascribing  it. 
On  one  «ide  of  the  tower  we  have  the 

"  I  believe  I  am  correct  in  sliting  that  I  t 
tion  of  Rirbman's  clusilicalioD  of  Anglo- Sai 
id  lh«  lint  volume  of  the  Archeeolagical  Jou 
iaformalion  1  brought  Forward  (too  trifling  c 
rince  becD  tery  oiit-errmonioDsly  a 


double-arched  windows,  with  the  co- 
lumnar prop  in  the  middle,  though 
here  it  is  not  a  balusl«r  column.  On 
another  side  wo  have  the  rectilinear- 
nngled  heads  lo  two  windows.  The 
vertical  vlune  bead  is  also  seen  run- 
ning up  the  tower.  The  arches  inside 
the  tower  are  supported  on  very  pe- 

fint  pointed  out  this  important  conlirmi- 
uon  architecture  in  a  paper  on  the  lubject 
urnat.     Mv  remarlu  on  Ibeiabject  and  the 

■ay  acknowleilgment  of  the 


church  i»  also  well  worth;  of 
tion,   altlioudi   it   appear*  to  ue  not 
older  thin  tbe  ni'uldlc  of  the  twelfth 
cenlurj'.    It  ii   8UppoBe<l  thai  sumo 


uIdo  portions  of  the  older  Saxon  build- 
ing. There  ts  one  circumataoce  con* 
iiecl«d  with  Sompting  tower  which  i* 
particularly  interesting;  it  liaa  evi- 
dent 1;  been  preserved  entire  tolbetq 
nnd  remains  an  almost  tinique  «  "" 
of  the  termloatroa  of  a  Saxt 


ST.  HILARY  CHURCH.  CORNWALU 


NO  event  whiob  brines  before  us 
the  interesting  region  of  Mount's  Bay, 
Cumwull,  (a  region  rich  beyond  per- 
haps any  in  EnulanJ  in  tradititintirj 
lore,)  ciui  fail  of  attracting  tbe  notice 
of  lover)  of  anUquitv.  We  could  wish 
that  the  occasion  which  calU  on  us  for 
the  preacut  notice  howe»er  had  bi-sn 
B  less  diatressing  on«.  On  the  night 
of  Good  Fridav  hit,  a  fire,  occasioned 
it  is  believed  bv  aome  cacunl  neglect 
of  a  sinve,  liroKO  mit  in  ibe  ancient 


rngcd  with  such  fury  as  to  be  quite 
beyond  the  riuich  of  any  bamna  meant 
fi>r  extinguishing  it,  and  only  stopped 
sljort  of  the  dontruction  of  ibe  tower 
and  atueple. 

"We  have  lost,"  says  tlie  present 
Vicur,  the  Rcv.Tii(iin«Jtl'aacoe, "  many 
lienuliful  remains  of  a  pMl  nge.  The 
carvings,  which  the  axe  of  tlie  Re- 
formers and  Puritans  had  only  par- 
tially mntikteil,  arc,  alai  I  totally  de- 
stroyed; not  a  Ti'stige  being  loit  of 
ibe  open  seatings  of  Uie  rvign  of  the 
seventh  Henry,  cnrichwl  a*  maoy  of 


18.53.] 


St,  HUurif  Chvrch,  Corw 


Uiem  were  with  heraldic  and  other  de-  other  individual,  two  only  among  the 

vices,  as  well  as  with  the  roaes  of  the  rest  reacbiDg   1001.,  and  four  others 

rival  housea  of  York  nnJ  Lancttsler.  (of  whom  the  blabop  of  the  diocese  la 

The  whole  Humiliatioa,  Passion,  and  one),  SOI,,  oar  readers  will,  wg  hope, 

CnicitixioQ  of  our  Blessed  Lord  wbe  partake  iu  our  good  wishes  for  an  in- 

told  in  a  series  of  carvings,  beginDioe  crease  in  the  spirit  of  generosity  among 

with  those   of  the  basin,   ewer,   and  churchmen  and  women  on   this  occn- 

towel   (tbe   WDsbioc    the    feet) ;    the  sion.     It  ia  estimated  that  a  church 

paten,  chalice.  Sic.  (Lost  Supper) ;  and  rate  of  'in.  in  the  pound  will  produce 

other  relics  dear  to  memory.  'ISOi.     As  yet*  no  aid  whatever  has 

"  A  more  awfully  beautiful  sight,"  been  given  by  his  Grace  the  Duke  of 

adds  the  same  ^ntlemaii,  "  it  would  Leeds,   the   principal   p*'""""   "f    the 

be  impossible  to  imagine  than  the  de-  living,  nor   from  W.  Bullcr,  esq.   of 

struction  of  this  pile ;  set  as  it  was  in  Downes,  with  whom  will  rest  the  next 

a  framework  of  snow -clod  venerable  presentation  to  the  vicaroge.f  Neither 

trees.     Its   own   spire,   trom   base  to  does  it  as  yet  appear  that  tbe  claim 

:.u  .!.„  „n —  „ —  ..,i._  iijjj  heea  fairly  put  before  theNational 


The  church  (as  described  by  Mr.T 
White,  architect,  39,   Great  Marlbo- 
rough Street,  London,)  wos  about  00 
feet  long  and  ^0  feet  wide.     The  height 


summit,  vied  with  the  some  pure  s 
stance,  and  glittered  like  silver  ir 
rays  of  a  brilliant,  cloudless  m 
From  the  excesuve  dryness  and  na 
of  the  wood  I  suppose  there  wa. 
obscuring  smoke  within,  which  was 

glowing  vault  of  fire,  in  which  every  of  the  side  walls  was  12  feet. 
pillar,  nook,  and  seat,  and  text  on  the  aisled  of  a,  nave  and  aisles,  with  a 
wall,  was  distinctly  visible,  the  south  chancel  and  chancel-aisles,  oil  cou- 
window  being  burnt  oo^  and  the  great  tained  nnder  throe  long  ridges ;  and  a 
door  thrown  open  and  on  lire.  It  was  south  porch.  The  steeple  stands  at 
the  saddest  and  gublimest  sight  I  ever  the  west  end,  and  is  an  interesting 
WW."  specimen    of  early    fourteenth    cen- 

Noapologycan  be  due  to  our  readers  tury  architecture.  So  far  Mr.  White- 
fot  giving  the  above  extract  from  a  Mr.  Pascoe  continues,  "The  body  of 
letter  to  a  friend  written  soon  after 
tbe  event,  by  one  who  had  ministered 
in  that  place  thirty-nine  years,  and  was 
niddenfy  called  up  nt  midnigbt  to 
witness  tbe  destmclion  of  his  beloved 
church.  In  the  full  view  of  the  dis- 
tress, agitation,  and  privation  which 
such  an  event  must  have  occasioned. 


the  church  now  destroyed  was  the 
second  at  least  since  the  building 
of  the  lower  and  steeple ;  the  height 
of  which,  from  foundation  to  apex, 
is  about  eiglity  feet.  The  windows 
in  the  souUi  front,  or  rather  their 
stone  mullions,  had  been  taken  out, 
and  wooden  circular- beaded  frames 
we  feel  that  mere  antiquarian  details  substituted  in  bygone  years.  The 
come  fur  short  of  expressing  our  sym-  windows  in  other  parts  were  of  dif- 
pathy.  ^Ve  will,  however,  give  such  ferent  dates,  but  had  not  undergone 
a  sketch  as  we  can  of  the  parish  in  the  like  barbarous  mutilation. 
which  tbe  event  occurred;  but  we  "The  oldest  furniture  on  the  wnlU 
mast  take  leave  first  to  make  known  were  the  sentences  of  scripture  put 
the  fact  that  the  Ticar  has  at  present  up,  I  conjecture,  at  the  Reformation, 
only  secured  funds  to  the  amount  of  when  images  and  legends  were  dis- 
1,600^  towards  rebuilding  the  church,  placed.  There  was  also  a  copy  of  King 
When  we  add  that  to  this  be  is  himself  Charles's  letter,  dnte<l  from  Sudley 
a  contributor  of  500/,,  a  sum  five  limes  Castle,  to  '  the  Inhabitants  of  faithful 
as  large  as  that  contributed  by  any     Cornwall,'  tbe  loss   of  which  I  very 

*  Since  the  above  was  written,  iDbscriptioas  of  200/.  from  Mr.  liuUer  and  100/. 
tram  the  Duke  of  Leeds,  have  been  TecelTCd. 

f  Id  consequence  of  tlii:  rectorial  tithes,  which  formettf  belongeil  lo  the  family  of 
PeDDeck  oCTcegemba,  having  been  sold  in  portion!  in  the  year  18(19,  the  putianaga  of 
the  benefice  it  now  diiidcd ;  three  turns  out  of  sii  belonging  to  the  Dnke  of  I^eds, 
two  to  Mr.  Boiler  of  Downea,  bd4  one  lo  the  repteKntsIiiea  of  Ibc  FsoiiliBS  of  BEard 
and  Paieof.  The  lost  pceMntstion  was  with  the  losl-named  i  the  next  belongs  to  Mr. 
Bailer  of  Donaes. 

Gbbt.Mao.  VoL.XL. 


Si.  Bilaty  Church,  Com> 


all. 


for  [1 

1691,  Jan.  9.— Jannihan  PMUibrowtie, 
U.A.  on  the  dealb  of  WilliaiD  Orchard. 
Chriilopher  Toker,  bf  powe 
from  Chsrlea  Earl  of  Kadnoi 

ISea.Jan.  II.— William OrchardlLL-B. 
by  deprivation  ot  Joseph  Sherford.  Sir 
mDcia  Oodolphin   of    GadolpUn,    Knt. 

Joieph  Sherford'a  iatiiitucioD  uot  to  be 


of  St.  Ive's  made  it  a  yeirlr  allowuioe 
of  whitennah  in  virtue  of  this.    An 
old  gentlemsn,  however,  of 
ime  of  Ktiitl,  a  private  eecretar; 
ittornev     ■"■■"■^  fifty  or  siitjf  jears  ago  to  the 
natiDB      then  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  be- 
coming afterwards  collector  of  the  port 
of  St.  ire's,  built  a  three -gided  pyramid 
of  granite  on  the  top  of  a  high  hUl, 
nearer  the  town  than  St.  Hilary,  which 
is   about   eight    miles   distant;  —  the 
pyramid  is  represented  as  a  pocket- 


!pt.  as.— William  Currick,  by     ^ition  of  an  Egyptian  one,  and  .„ 
ratigution  of  George  Reede.    Alctander     [his  gentleman  caused  a  chamber 

Heed,  patron  for  that  time  by  asBjgnnient     l-  L-ni.  ...■.i  _  _. a--    _■_- 

of  Eliiabeth  AniDdell, widowof  Aleiander 
Arnndell,  original  patroo. 

Ib63,  Aug.  35.— George  Reedi^.  on  tbe 
death  of  Joha  Ne-lon  alias  Toker,  Richird 
Leigb  ofSlorford,  true  patron  for  thai  i 


1S66,  April  12,  — John  Newton  alia«  howi 
Toker,  on  tbe  death  of  Martin  Jamei.  kteat 
William  Hydlelon.t  its  tme  patron. 

The  preceding  preaenlal* 
Uonaitery  of  St.  Saliator. 


leaving  a  oniall  estate  to  tbe  corpora- 
tion of  St.  Ive's  for  the  maintenance 
and  repair,  &c,  of  the  pyramid.     He, 
died  in  London,  and  by  his 
,  «o  far  from  perpetuating  the 
ostentatious  idea,  desired  that  hit  body 
nss  by  tbe     should  be  given  up  to  tbe  turgeons  for 
dissection,  as  a  penance,  it  is  supposed. 


',  Deputy  ReguCrar.  fyf  puai  follies,  after  which  the  ri 

The  inhabitants   of   St.    Michael's  were  buried  in  London.    Tbe  pyramid, 

BfounI,  though  extra-parochial  of  St.  however,  still  serves  oa  a  landmark. 

Hilary,   have    long  depended  on  the  On  one  side,  in  raised  letters  in  granite, 

vicars  of  that  church  for  ronrriures,  appear  the  words  "mc  iacbt    vil  .** 

baptisms,  and  burials.     Within  thelnst  It  was  understood  that  a  k  and  another 

three  or  four  years,  however,  the  true-  i.  would  be  added  when  the  body  of 

teet  of  the    St.  Aubvn  family   have  the  projector  should  be  placed  withio, 

allowed  the  curate  of  Marazion   251.  and,  on  another  aide, '' kx  nthii«   nn. 

for  a  weekly  service  in  a  licensed  room  fit,"  to  be  filled  up  in  like  manner 

at  the  foot  of  St.  Michael's  Mount —  khiu..     Tbe  mausoleum  obtained  then 

the   same  clergyman  discharging  the  and  still  beam  the  name  of  "  Kniil's 

other  offices  mentioned — but  the  in-  Folly." 

habitants,  only  about  two  hundred  in  II   time   and   space   allowed   much 

Oumber.areallregisteredntSt.Hilary.  might  be  said  here  of  the  numerouB 

To  the  above  account  may  be  added  interesting  traditions   connected  with 

that  the  tower  of  this  church  was  long  Marazion,   which    is    the   most   oon- 

a  landmark  at  sea,  being  on  very  high  siderable  parisb  in  the  district  as  to 

ground,  and  it  ia  attested  that  the  port  numbers.| 

been  raised  by  the  stewardship  and  patronage  of  tbe  Godolphlna  ;  and  their  history  ii 
traced  by  Mr.  Gilbert. 

•  JoMph  Sherford,  or  Sherwood,  having  been  deprived  by  the  Bartholomew  Act  of 
|M8,  continued  to  preach  in  defiance  [miiprinted  by  Lyvmt  defence)  of  that  act,  anil, 
in  eunseijuence,  was  cammilted  by  the  magiitrateii  to  LauDcestoa  jail.  It  ii  related  IR 
Palaer'*  Noaconformlais'  Memorial,  that  on  this  occaaion  he  prophesied  the  ipeedr 
death  of  Mr.  Robiasou,  of  Trevenesge,  ooe  of  the  beach,  which  ahotlly  after  bappenei 
b^  tb*  gariug  of  his  o*d  bull.  Mr.  Daviea  Gilbert,  in  hia  History  of  Cornwall 
{it.  S21),  in  relatiDg  Ibis  anecdote,  has  inadvertently  sobstitnted  the  name  of  Paimw 
fat  Sbcnrood, 

t  On.  UeliitoD  OT  MiUingtOD  ?     See  Datiei  Gilbert,  ii.  n% 

S  In  fact,  tbia  prcieot*  the  only  aucitiun  of  diflicnity  with  respect  to  the  proposed 
n-erectioQ.  That  a  church  ahoulJ  be  built,  there  can,  we  suppose,  be  no  daobl ; 
wkrr*,  nay.  in  aome  mindi,  admit  ofqueation  ;  at  all  events,  whether  a  comparaiively 
MB^I  edifice  might  not  better  accord  with  the  position  of  St.  Hilary,  and  whether  pari 
ef  the  fundi  raised  might  not  be  applied  towards  proiidinj;  Msraiion  with  a  Irsa 
Md  dtapropottiQiiata  plioa  ot  wsrsbip. 


140 


Rttert  Hmtfim 


[A-S- 


Maranoin,  or  Mizket-Jev,  is  ge- 
nenll  J  believed  to  kave  been  tlie  sle 
of  a  mAiket  held  hj  tliose  ancient 
traders  in  metil  for  tlie  world — die 
Jews.  HiroQgfa  them  the  oooimeroe 
in  tin  wms,  it  ii  siid,  ooodacted.  After- 
wmrds,  when  a  long  oovrae  of  wooden 
had  sanctified  Su  Mic^aeTs  Mount— 
(int  the  descent  of  &e  archangel, 
then  the  pilgrimage  of  St.  Kenna,  and 
her  operaUoDs  on  the  serpents  and 
▼ipers  which  she  tmsed  into  speeimens 
of  the  oamoa  •w»->n«*^  to  saj  nothing 
giant  wham  En^  Arthur 
have  been 


uefid  as  a  lodging-plaoe  for  the  pO- 
who  Tiaited  &e  eoovcBt  OB  ^the 
intheWodde." 


m   mmes,  mrs  Mr.  Gilbestv 

them  die'' Whele  Fortone"  mi» 

has  laid  the  foondalioiis  of  the  wealth 


[We  beg  to  mr  that  the  aboie  article 

IS  in  type  last  mon^  but  neeesBarO^ 

omitted  tar  want  of  ipnee.    Sinee  it 

written  the  sobacriptian  for  St. 

ChorA  has,  we  are  happj  to 

find,  omde  good  progress. 


BENJAMIK  BOBEHT  HAYDOK. 


flf 
i 


hy  Tom  Tajrlor.    3 


18U. 


ETisa 
ofaamnf 


pmtof  ti^s  ifiecaesof  historr  i$  _ 
KaiDy  the  resoli  of  men's  recordiBg  the 
dai^  fiicts  of  their  fires  and  opinioni 
wfaa  sui^eeft  associaled  with  thesr 
caffii^  it  win  erer  be  ptxipeiij  appte- 
ciated  br  thow  who  know  ihe  Talne  of 
•neh  obaerrauoDs,  and  hare  £e^  the 
cxmrforl  of  finding  that  others  have 
enooBntered  the  seU'-same  di&enlti& 
^atobstmct  their  own  path.  What 
greater  h^  can  there  be  for  a  Tonng 
man  oommencing  his  career,  than  to 
read  in  the  jaornalsof  ^  predecessors 
how  ther  attained  pre-eminence:  to 
read  in  tkeirantobkipi^iUes  how  they 
daOj  laboured  in  bimdmg  up  the  me- 
chanism of  their  posation,  how  diffical- 
ties  were  oTercome  that  impeded  thear 
progrefts,  what  their  thoaghts  were 
nnder  advo^tr  and  socoess.  and  to 
ooo^iare  than  with  their  own ;  to  find 
that,  howeTer  exalted  the  eminent 
maj  be  in  the  scale  of  knowlcK^e 
and  the  esteem  of  man,  ret  that  th^ 
attiuned  sucli  an  hdght  bj  their  own 
daHj  efiktrts,  step  bv  st^  and  not  bj 
a  Fodden  le&p  ^  ^gh  postion  csr  ex- 
tenare  repnution  as  the  resah  of 
rreax  i&lent  asd  extraordinarr  know- 
ledge k>.ad5  tbe  obsening  mind  to  re- 
ded hc'W  n*nc:h  mnst  have  been  done., 
hsm  nixsch  fixdcred.  ere  the  man  whi\ 
h&ri:T  lieine  known  in  his  own 


eooBtzy,  coold  rise  ai^  fill  the  wcrid 

the  qnestaon  how  man  sncceeds  'm  his 
profiaman^and  advaaees  scaenee,dmt 
makes  tte  dam  of  litcratare  so 
leili^;  for  in  iooraak  we 

the  man  in  tes  natnral  attire*  like 
talking  fimfljaiij  and  even 
llrwidi  ns,  letting  «s  into 
the  fittle  tlui^  of  greatness,  and  a 
thowand  secrets  that  are  eilmhited 
to  pat  those  following  in  the  same  path 
in  better  spirits  for  the  kboors  that  are 


of 
Xo  1 

IV  has 


has  left 


I  J  have  been  bent  ob  so 
.   ^  Hajdon  bdwved 
hero,  and  thought  the  world  wonld 
it  when  these  reeords  of 

to  %ht."    TUs  ivmaik  ii 
It  wi£  near) J  all  that  are 

bv  the  same  hand  in  thoH^ 

*nwre  can  be  no  donbt  dmt  Hajdoa 
wonld  have  been  a  hern,  both  in  the 
editor's  and  the  woridTs  opinkm,  had 
he  been  wealthy,  independent,  and 
titled;  then  his  efiorta  wodU  have 
been  considered  ptaisenorthf,  his  ob- 
ject glorions,  his  opimons  cherished, 
and  fimsielf  backed ;  b«t  as  it  was  he 
fonght  sincle<^anded.  L&e  Scinius 
I>entata5.  he  braved  aH  for  one  g^ 
noQs  obyect.  the  elevation  of  dM  art  of 


3.] 


Benjaiain  Robert  Hal/dun 


hia  conntrjr;  he  devoted  his  life,  hi 9 
energieii  aad  hia  imnieoae  genius  to 
this  one  end — nnd  for  all  his  sacrificea 
what  was  his  reward?  The  world 
nlreodj'  linonB  it,  let  us  not  recall  it  to 
memory.  The  ttate  of  feeling  during 
hia  struggle  was  well  exempUfieil  by 
the  obaervation  of  Sir  Thomas  Law- 
rence, when  Hajdon  defended  the 
Klgin  Marbles  against  the  attacks  of 
Pajne  Knight:  —  "It  has  saved  the 
marbles,  but  it  will  ruin  vou,"  said 
Lawrence,  speaking  to  Ha;faon.*  The 
fashionable  world  at  this  time  (1816) 
(ihosc  to  be  led  b^  Mr.  Fajne  Knight, 
who,  to  shew  his  intense  sagacily,  tried 
to  make  out  that  the  Elgm  Marbles 
were  not  Greek,  bat  Roman,  of  the 
timeof  Hadrian;  but  Hajdon's  triumph 
over  this  absurdity  was  complete  ;  nnd 
yet,  because  he  hod  gainsayed  this  con- 
noisseur's opinion,  on  which  the  world 
bad  pinned  its  failh,  he  was  theni'e- 
forth  to  become  n  markeil  man,  and, 
a«  Lawrence  prediotcJ,  to  be  ruined. 
However,  the  country  has  to  thank 
him  for  upholding  as  lie  did  the  cha- 
racter of  these  beautiful  specimens  of 
Greek  art,  which  now  ndam  the  British 
UuseuDi,  and  of  whieli  Canova  said,  in 
B  conversation  with  Haydon,  "  produl- 
ront  uu  grand  changement  dans  les 
Rrtn.""— Vol.  i.  294. 

The  first  of  these  volumes  is  devoted 
to  the  autobiography,  which  commeiices 
in  1786,  the  year  of  Haydon'a  birth, 
who  always  persisted  in  stating  that  he 
wai  bom  on  the  25th  January,  the 
Conversion  of  St.  Paul ;  this  however 
was  incorrect,  as  amemorandum  in  his 
(Other's  pocket-book  wilt  jirove  that 
the  26th  was  the  day  in  nhii'li  he  was 
ushered  into  the  world.  This  is  one 
of  the  many  inaccuracies  liu  has  been 
euilty  of  in  his  account  of  himself  and 
Family.  The  account  Ilaydon  gives  of 
his  uncle  Admiral  Count  MinuainbofT 
is  incorrect.  MindainhoB'  was  cer- 
tainly in  expectation  of  a  dismissal  to 
Siberia ;  but,  to  the  great  delight  of 
the  Emperor  Aleiandcr,  the  charges 
against  his  favourite  were  proved  to  be 
)vul<  and  his  reputation  acid  favour  at 
court  remained  unaltered.  At  his 
death  the  Emperor  Nicholas,  then 
Grand  Duke,  himself  followed  the 
corse  of  bi^  faithful  servant.  Again, 
bin  grandfulher  Cobley  was  Rector  of 


Dodbrooke,  and  never  had  the  living 
of  Ide  near  P^xeter,  although  he 
at  one  time  wa.i  a  minister  in  that 
parish.  These  inaccnracies,  besides 
many  others,  which  would  take  up  too 
much  time  even  to  enumerate,  need 
not  to  have  appeared  had  the  Editor 
availed  himself  of  the  revision  that  »u 
promised  to  him,  and  of  whiuh  at  the 
time  he  felt  anxious  to  have  the  ad- 

Haydon's  constant  stru^le  with  the 
Academy,  his  misfortunes  and  disap- 
pointments, ore  alt  too  well  known  to 
require  our  noticing  them.  As  regards 
his  pecuniary  stratta,  the  Editor  has 
been  lavish  in  his  extracts  from  the 
journal  relating  to  them.  This  at  least 
was  injudicious,  as  it  creates  a  painful 
monotony,  which  for  the  reader's  lake 
might  have  been  avoided ;  besides,  it 
wiU  probably  stir  up  a  feeling  that 
out  oi'  respect  to  the  dead  ought  not 
to  have  been  evoked. 

To  students  in  painting  Haydon's 
advice,  refined  as  it  is  by  his  own  sad 
experience,  will  be  ever  acceptable. 
His  energy  and  indomitable  courage, 
by  which  he  overcanie  so  many  diffi- 
culties, will  ever  be  worthy  of  example 
to  others.  He  worked  as  if  hia  whole 
life      . 

don't  attend  to  the  advice  of  thoae  ir 
dolent  people  who  live  only  to  amuse 
theinsclves,  little  above  animals,  whose 
chief  occupation  is  to  eat  and  live.  If 
I  had  power  X  would  spit  fire  at  such 
insignificant  wretches." 

His  impetuosity  of  temper,  his  banc 
through  life,  ever  and  anon  appears  in 
all  bis  writioss.  Had  it  not  been  for 
this  failing,  liow  much  more  would 
this  gifted  artist  have  accomplished ! 
how  much  more  completely  would  he 
have  subdued  his  enemies! 

Industrious  himself  in  the  extreme, 
he  ever  warned  his  pupils  and  ftiends 
against  apathy  and  idleness.  Hia  re- 
flections embraced  all  subjects — art, 
politics,  poetry,  religion,  ethics, — every  - 
thing.  Spi;aking  of  a  man's  isolating 
himself,  he  says,  p.  195, — 

The  dinger  ol  ioUlade  a  tbst  a  mua 
ceotrei  everjithing  too  much  in  htmseir. 
Me  fancies  ihc  world  is  vtlcbing  and 
Heaven  protecting  bjm  ;  that  he  only  is 
emplojed.  that  he  only  is  ambitions    When 


depended  upon  what  he  was  about, 
says, — "Whatever  you  feel,  do; 


142 


BeHjamin  Saber  I  Hat/don 


CAug. 


he  gas*  iato  gociet;  fae  will  flDd  otbera 
occupied  nitli  norki  ani]  effurU  like  bj* 
DUD  1  olbtira  who  hsve  been  Hmbitioua  anil 
irttaowhumbledi  otbera  wbobavegnadi^ 
Ciiled  in  grand);  itruggliDg.  Tbia  will 
aubdue  bis  noliona  ofhlB  ona  impurlaaai, 
and  aend  bin  back  lo  hia  atudy  prepared 
for  tbe  miirortunei  aad  fitted  for  tbe  mji- 
tarlra  of  life,  vhicb  would  olbcnriae  bnie 
oome  nneipectedJy. 

Fullj  aware  that  the  constuDt  habit 
of  drawing  is  the  ddIj  mode  of  attain- 
ing  tlie  Decessary  facilctf  and  perfection 
in  ibis  eaaential  clement  of  his  art, 
^a7don  always  sketched  his  ideas  for 
iabjecta  of  painting  in  his  journal.  In 
the  quiet  of  the  evening  be  thought, 
ikelcned,  and  wrote,  liue  his  great 
predeueiBor,  of  whom  Pliny  says — 
"  Apelli  fuit  aliocjui  perpetua  cun- 
suetudo,    nunquom    turn    occupatam 


diem  ngendi,  1 


n  lioiiam 


The  studeat  will  do  well  to 
read  attentively  the  ac:;ounts  that 
llsydon  ^res  of  the  hiutory  of  bis 
jricturesi  now  many  times  he  rubbed 
)0  and  rubbed  out  bis  heads,  feet,  and 
1^8,  and  arms  before  be  succeeded  to 
hii  aatisfaction.  At  the  same  time  let 
bun  remember  the  maxim  of  Apellea, 
"  Nocere  aeepe  niniium  diljgentiam." 
Haydon  says,  vol.  i.  p.  135, — 

My  friends  tell  oi  a  wanderfDl  inslanc* 
of  ay  perseverance,  that  after  having 
fioiabed  nlacbrth  I  took  bim  out  again  lo 
niae  him  higher  lo  my  picture,  as  il  would 
iMntribuIe  (o  tbe  effect  Tlie  wonder  in 
•Scient  Athena  would  bsve  been  if  I  could 
have  auRered  him  to  remain.  Such  ia  the 
Mate  of  art  in  thia  country. 

Portrait- painting  he  was  never  fond 
9^  although  al  eighteen  be  painted  one 
of  bij  sister  which  gives  evidence  of 
Ua  early  masli^rabLp  in  bis  art.  tie 
Muifeaaed  that  the  prnetioe  of  It  might 
have  ofttimea  replenished  his  purse ; 
ttill  was  he  ao  engrostieil  with  high  art 


By  men  of  genius  Haydon  was  al- 
ways appreciate  and  highly  esteemed. 
Wordsworth,  Sir  Walter  Scoli,  Keats, 
Lamb,  Wilkie,  Sir  George  Beaumont, 
Horace  Smith,  I.eigb  Hunt,  Count 
d'Orsay,  Hnxlitt,  Eastlake,  the  T.and- 
soi^rs,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Norton,  Talfnurd, 
were  amongst  his  closeat  and  most  in- 
timate friends.  His  welcome  to  Scot- 
land by  Sir  Walter  Scott  is  charac- 
teristic, vol.  i.  p.  381  : — 

1820.— Tbe  neit  man  I  dined  with  wu 
Sir  Walter.  1  called  on  him,  and  heard 
bim  Btumping  down.  At  tbe  head  of  bis 
brtt  landing  be  waved  hii  stick,  and  cried, 
"  Hurrah  1  Welaome  to  Scotbnd,  Hay- 
doo.''  lie  then  came  down,  sqaeBssd.  in 
ttct  griped,  ay  hand.  "How  d'ye  likt 
Edioborgb  ■'''  "It  ie  the  dream  of  a 
great  geniiu,''  said  1.  "  Well  dune,"  aaid 
.Sir  Waiter.  "  When  will  yon  dina  with 
me?"  A  day  was  (iied.  Sir  Walter 
aaid,  in  taking  wine  wilb  me,  "  1  say  to 
you  as  Hogg  laid  to  Wilkie,  1  am  bappj 
to  see  lo  young  a  man." 

Wordsworth  had  a  deep  feeling  of 
friendship  for  Hajdon,  lo  whom  (rom 
Rydal  Mount  he  wrote  and  enclosed 
three  beautiful  sonnets,  which  be  dedi- 
cated to  the  urtiat. 


t  be  r 


_ □  to  what  he  termo 

ferior   deportment   of  his   profesainii. 

Bow  ttrangn  i(  tbe  hUnd  inhluation  of 
lb*  cunniry '  Nab"<ly  refoaes  partraila 
of  theniHJvM  or  Ibr^ir  friend*  on  canvase* 
8,  ID.  IS  feet  kiag.  bat  every  one  abuia 
Ua  duur  againal  tbe  illiutriaaa  deeda  of 


Ike  pMiatt  cwivaaa.     At  the  tei^ 
Sif  ueoif*  [Bcaumunl]  waa  baraasiBg  »« 
■boat  ttsa,  OwD  waa  palnliag  bia  moltier 
Ibe  MBf  »!■»-■■  brg*  wbalc-ianctb. 


Wordsworth  was  much  struck  with 
Haydon's  picture  of  "  Napoleon  Uuo- 
naparle  musing  on  the  Island  uf  St. 
Helena."     He  wrilea- 


1869.] 


Benjamin  Robert  Haydon. 


143 


Keats  was  also  affectionately  at- 
tached to  Hajdon.  A  characteristic 
letter  addressed  to  him  by  this  sifted 
and  unfortunate  poet  will  be  found, 
Tol.  i.  p.  363. 

Wilkie*s  friendship  was  well  known, 
and  it  is  extraordinary  how  two  such 
entirely  opposite  characters  could  pre- 
aerye  it  so  long  unbroken.  Wilkie 
cautious  and  yielding,  Haydon  daring 
and  inflexible;  Wilkie  slow,  savin?, 
and  provident,  Haydon  impetuously 
progressive,  ignorant  of  the  value  of 
money,  and  mindful  only  of  the  pre- 
sent exigencies.  Both  were  affection- 
ate, both  struggled  together  in  the 
early  part  of  their  career,  both  appreci- 
ated each  other's  talents,  and  both 
knew  one  another's  failings,  and  were 
in  the  main  tolerant  of  them,  Haydon 
perhaps  the  least  so.  Haydon  was 
ever  delighted  at  his  friend's  success ; 
jealousy  never  separated  them  for  one 
moment  during  the  whole  of  their  long 
attachment.  Vasari  says,  "  it  rarely 
happens  that  the  disciples  of  distin- 
guished artists,  if  they  observe  the 
precepts  of  those  masters,  do  not  them- 
selves become  very  eminent."  This 
observation  is  certainly  applicable  to 
Haydon's  pupils,  amongst  whom  were 
Edwin,  Thomas,  and  Charles  Land- 
seer,  Sir  Charles  Eastlake,  William 
Harvey  the  celebrated  engraver,  Be- 
wicke  the  painter.  Lance,  and  others. 
On  takiog  the  Landseers  he  makes  the 
following  remarks  in  vol.  i.  p.  326. 

In  1815  Mr.  Landseer,  the  enKraver, 
had  brought  his  boys  to  me  and  saidi 
"  When  do  you  let  your  beard  grow  and 
take  pupils  ?  "  I  said,  "If  my  instruc- 
tions are  useful  or  valuable,  now.''  '  *  Will 
you  let  my  boys  come  ?  '*  I  said  '*  Cer- 
tainly.'' Charles  and  Thomas  it  was  im- 
mediately arranged  should  come  every 
Monday,  when  I  was  to  give  them  work 
for  the  week.  Edwin  took  my  dissections 
of  the  lion,  and  I  advised  him  to  dissect 
animals — the  only  mode  of  acquiring  their 
construction — as  I  had  dissected  men,  and 
as  I  should  make  his  brothers  do.  This 
very  incident  generated  in  me  a  desire  to 
form  a  school. 

Speaking  of  the  Landseers,  Bewicke, 
and  Chalfield,  further  on,  p.  327,  vol.  i. 

All  these  young  men  looked  up  to  me 
as  their  instructor  and  friend.  I  took 
them  under  my  care,  taught  them  every- 
tiling  I  knew,  explained  the  principles  of 
Raffaelle's  Works  in  my  collection  of  his 
prints,  and  did  the  same  thing  over  again 


which  I  had  done  to  Eastlake,  withomi 
one  ahilliny  from  them  any  more  than 
from  him.  They  improved  rapidly.  The 
gratitude  of  themselves  and  their  friends 
knew  no  bounds. 

Haydon's  style  of  writing  was  power- 
ful, concise,  and  pithy,  his  knowledge 
in  his  art  and  its  history  deep,  and  his 
mode  of  conveying  instruction  by  lec- 
tures and  otherwise,  highly  successful. 
His  anecdotes  are  always  amusing,  for 
he  was  ever  happy  in  displaying  in 
them  the  salient  points  in  the  charac- 
ters of  those  of  whom  he  wrote.  He 
describes  well  the  sale  of  his  picture, 
"  The  Judgment  of  Solomon  :" 

At  last  the  exhibition  opened  for  pri- 
vate view.  First  there  came  Caroline, 
Princess  of  Wales,  with  Payne  Knight. 
Knight,  who,  smarting  under  his  mistake  on 
Pliny,  which  I  had  exposed,  put  his  eye 
close  to  the  picture,  and  turning  to  the 
Princess  of  Wales  said,  ''distorted  stuff!** 
Macbeth  had  been  called  so,  and  he  felt 
sure  he  was  on  safe  ground  in  making 
such  a  remark  on  Solomon,  when  that 
defect  had  been  entirely  got  rid  of.  The 
Princess  of  Wales  agreed  with  him,  and 
told  Glover  she  was  "  sorry  to  see  such  a 
picture  there.*' 

The  poor  President  and  officials  were 
sadly  cut  down,  but  I  said  **  My  dear 
friends,  wait  for  John  Bull."  They  shook 
their  heads.  Then  came  the  nobility,  who 
seemed  interested,  though  one  said  it  was 
very  large.  At  last  on  the  Monday  the 
exhibition  opened  to  honest  John,  who 
swore  it  was  the  finest  work  England  had 
produced.  Before  half  an  hour  a  gentle- 
man opened  his  pocket-book  and  showed 
me  a  500/.  note.  "  Will  you  teke  it  ?*' 
My  heart  beat — my  agonies  of  want  pressed, 
but  it  was  too  little — I  trembled  out,  "  I 
cannot.**  Immediately  all  the  artists  said 
I  was  wrong.  This  gentleman  invited  me 
to  dine :  I  went,  but  when  we  were  sitting 
over  our  vrine,  he  agreed  to  give  me  mj 
price,  six  hundred  guineas.  His  lady  said, 
"but,  my  dear,  where  am  I  to  put  my 
piano  ?'*     The  bargain  was  at  an  end  I 

I  returned  to  town  in  spirits.  This  was 
the  first  day — before  the  end  of  the  next 
the  town  was  in  excitement.  I  met  Mr. 
Lock  of  Norbury  Park,  who  said,  **  the 
execution  was  never  exceeded.'*  The  third 
day  Sir  George  Beaumont  and  Mr.  Holwell 
Can*  were  deputed  to  buy  it  for  the  Gal- 
lery, and  as  they  were  discussing  its 
beauties,  over  went  the  man  in  the  room, 
and  very  deliberately  put  up  "  sold.'* 
"  Yes,  indeed  I**  said  Sir  George ;  "  Oh  ! 
but  we  came  to  buy  it.'*  **  Ah !  but,  Sir, 
you  did  not  say  so.**  "Oh  no!  but  we 
were  going  to.*'  ''Ah  I  but,  Sir,  a  gentle- 


•       «« 


[Aujr. 

;.   •i"iii>loirr  .  "      I   iMiur-'i, 

-  '.a'-I;  .iu\  ;  ilan>  (jiu  1  b.iti- 

'J'lli^  w.i."  a  poMT  ;  hut 

?•  .'Iv',   I   njiliiil,  "  Altcs?c 

;  •   II'  pays  », i  a  prr-ent  on 

-  ..  -»  tablraiix  trhi»l'>ire  dan* 

*  ••iiijliqur-s."      He  ^^lart-d  .im! 

..  »>  will.      I  ],\i\  beoM  tnvdiir- 

.  .V  !,   and   .-liouM   have   waitt-d  : 

.: ..:  tl  eigcrncss  to  |»re>s  an  .id- 

.•^fl   iiic  to   -lUN    to  tiie  Urant! 

•  ".i:  >in  oiiele  aii  .*«ervifo  de  \otre 

•:tle."   "  Uu'.I  m)in  :  "  >ai<lth<» 

.^  .".e.     •'  CohW."   >aid   I.      Hi- 

.   '.  i  up,  Jill  i  \i('  i\plie»l.  "  C'lhley  ' 

:.:i.ii>  tr»  *  him:   il   e.-t  »in  coin- 

'   :  .;:>!iiuuc.     .r.;i   jia^^r   trois  ie- 

«    ..%.••    lui    .!    O.It >-e."       lie    now 

.    :•  e    .1    !iitTvt ill*'.    a!id    there    was* 

•..^   »;iiio-ity   in   tin;  rirele  :  a  (."al- 

\;:;  :i.:iis  .-emu-.l  h'.;i>tinErt  >  >peak 

.   '••it    I  V. ..>   not    t<»  he  spoken   to. 

»  .  Ill    fh«'  iJraii'l  Duke  tnrni'<l  to 

.  .•  {  •.'•line  >tjure/i-.l  o\..r  u»  nic.  an  1 

.    •\  ^.K»  !  Hnu'ii'h  >ai!.  *•  \\  nat  pha>cd 

P-ike  -.:  *•     '•  Oil  :  '•  -ail  I.  hk.-  an 

>     ••  I    I,-.  ■•     I. J    iii.i'.-.'  ia   ti.o    Ru-»iiii 

\ ."     ^  li. •'•'.'.. -..I  .'.iMiml  t«»r\.-  me  with 

'  \>'i    f-   r.       I  li«^  iiiu'hij- .«•?:  had   h.'jctil 

!  '  '•  iid   i.i'H  i:iy  "Ir  iwiii^--  iit  thi'  nui- 

«.  X.'     '.I  I  ■!:  I;  and  Sou-rwrid  l»rouj;ht 

.  w.'  d  '.:  V. .'ul  I  e»!l  .i!id  "« .:   my  |>ic- 

I    :"  "liil   it:it   a!r- r\\.i!.I-    tin*    the 

;%.;,-  u;  r  •  Oi  V- .    in  I   ''lI   le  hue.  n-T 

.  "  .  ».\-  r  -.  i-.l  t  »  -  iv  !.■   'Ai.ald  ii!:.      It 

'.  ".    :i:     :.iv"i«.  n   i  i'^  l.i.j  ; .  i ..  lit.;:i- 


t 


I. 


N^  ..    V   I  .     1      ■:.   ir    I. 


I    i.i. .'  •  \ 


!•  . 


'.  :•! 

i-;-  •    • 

>i't 

], 

'   •.«'.\. 

1.. 

'    i-i 

T 

.       -id 

•  *  * 

.   v.:- 

• 

1 

•ll 

-  t' 

.   .    . 

i-  . 

•■   :• ' 

•\ 

i!: ». 

■ 

:.   :i   • 

1 

»           ■ 

1    ■ 

• 

, 

..  1 

I  •  '   •   .  ..     - 


II. X 


»  ':    - 

i:  •  ••  .  - 

s  •  I      •  "  •  :  ••        •  ■  :-^ 

,».  »  ..  :      •   i  .••.-'. 


I8S8.] 


Btnj 


I  Robert  Uagdon 


done  bad  be  been  in  the  plnee  ol' 
ApelliM,  wbeD  Alexander  wua  talking 
so  ignoraiitlj  aboat  art  thai  ev«ii  the 
boj's  wbo  wer«  grinding  the  coluum 
Lushed  Hi  him,  we  are  afraid  to  taj. 
Two  such  spirilB  muat  have  produced 
an  eipluMun. 

TbeaevulumeiareEcattered  through- 
out with  valuable  practical  bints  on  the 
detail  and  object  ot  pajntiog;  and  in 
ui  appendix  are  the  opinions  of  other 
authon  upon  this  aubjecl,  nilb  liny- 
dvn'a  annotations. 

At  the  time  of  his  death  Hajdon  wns 
in  his  61st  year;  and  it  is  a  fact  wiirth 
recording,  relative  to  the  duration  of 
lUi;  uuuiig  painters,  that  its  average  is 
62t  jvaia.  ThiB  statistical  faet  is  ar- 
rived at  b;  acareiUlcouparison  ot'tlie 
lives  of  l^iS  pninierr,  whoae  biographies 
have  bevn  written  by  Ynsari :  anongat 
them  we  find  that  lliere  were  91  violent 
deaths,-  includJog  one  suicide,  six  mnr- 
ders,  and  line  fatal  accident  by  falling 
trom  a  scaRuld.  Two  unfurtunate 
painten  caught  the  plague  from  their 
ni!0lr«Bses  and  died  ;  and  poor  Spinola 
Aretino  illed  at  the  age  of  92  from  the 
fright  that  a  dream  occasioned  iu  hiui, 
in  which  he  fancied  Lucifer  appeared 
to  him  and  demanded  redress  lor  hav- 
ing been  painted  with  such  a  diabolical 
exprMniuu  in  one  of  his  jiictures. 

Besides  bis  own  individual  elTurts  to 
raise  art,  Hnydun  endeavoured  by  every 
means  available  to  make  it  an  object 
of  sufficient  intcreat  to  Government  to 
induce  it  to  accord  an  annual  grant  for 
ill  encouragemenL  He  accordingly 
petitioned  Parliament  for  that  purpose, 
in  which  he  strongly  urgeil  Gorern- 
mcnt  to  support  painting  as  il  had 
done  sculpture. 

Uajdon  UU  before  Brougham  hii  plan 
for  arnamcDtiag  tlie  gr*at  room  of  (lie 
Admitalt^  (which  do  doubt  occurred  lo 
him  M  an  olJ  guest  of  Lord  Mulgrave 
there)  with  repreaenlationi  of  niTal  actionii, 
and  buita  and  portrsili  of  nsTsl  cam- 
naDdcrs.  This  il  irorlli  notit>ing,  ■■  a 
fSrat  ilcp  to  the  reiult  which  Is  gFlting 
towards  realiention  in  Itte  new  Hott-«  of 
Pvliimenl.— P.  54,  tut.  ii. 

The  editor  could  not  have  shown 
more  ignorance  and  grL'Bler  injustice 
than  he  has  done  in  writing  the  cha- 
racter of  Haydou.  IlnyJon  never 
knew  in  early  life  what  it  whs  lo  be 
restrained  ;  at  home  lie  had  his  own 
war,  and  ot  scliuol  be  found  that  all 

Gkitt.  Mao.  Vol.  XI.. 


ise  of  tlw'^^^H 
LondoBT^^H 
ius  singW  ^^^H 

">  ""!»■  ^H 
r  bis  owK  ^^^^H 
I  the  ad-  ^^H 


145  \ 

his  masters  allowed  hiiu  entire  free-  ' 
duffl  of  action.  Drawing  was  his  great 
forte,  and  to  excel  in  it  seemeil  to  be 
his  first  lonj^inj;,  which  was  kindled 
into  flsmo  by  his  reading  Sir  Joshua 
Heynolds's  Discourses.     He  says, 

I  rud  one ;  it  placed  so  much  reliance 
DD  houist  industry,  il  cjprcised  so  (trong 
a  cunriction  that  nil  men  wero  visual,  and 
that  applicmiun  miJc  the  diSereace,  that 
I  fired  up  at  once.  I  look  tbem  all  home, 
and  rcuij  them  before  breakfast  the  iieit 
mornine.  The  thing  wai  done.  My  dei- 
lin;  wan  fixed.  The  ipark  which  had  for 
jBOm  lain  BIraggling  to  '  ' 
out  for  eier. 

Thus  bred  up  with 
to  guide  him,  in  the  strict  sense  of  tlw' 
term,  he  entered  upon  bia  LondoBT' 
career,  developed  his  own  genius  singW 
handed,  ruiaed  his  fame  in  an  unpar- 
ralleled  iibort  space  of  time  by  bis  owk 
unremitting  exertions,  gained  the  ad- 
miration of  the  world,  and  strove  suc- 
eessfully  for  the  decoration  of  tbe 
Houses  of  Parliament ;  established  the 
School  of  Design,  and  fought  bravely 
against  the  attacka  on  the  RIgin  Mar- 
bles, whose  genuineness  and  beauty  he 
pnwed  to  the  world.  The  editor  says, 
in  his  character  of  Haydon,  "that  he 
was  indefatigable  in  labour  during  hia 
periods  of  application ;  but  be  waa 
ollen  diverted  from  his  art  by  |>rofes- 
ginnul  pnlemii's,  and  by  fits  of  reading." 
All  deplored  Haydons  eucoWiet  leri- 
betuli,  but  as  to  bis  "  fits  of  reading," 
the  editor  evidently  shows  himself  ill- 
calculn'oJ  to  draw  a  character  by 
making  such  a  remark  and  trying  to 
depreciate  thereby,  in  tbe  eyes  ot  bia 
readers,  the  man  of  whom  he  would 
have  the  world  estimate  according  W  i 
bis  own  limited  ideas. 

Nun  nrrnptT  ucoia  lend  It  Apollo. 
These  aaid  "  fits"  were  delightful  re- 
laxations from  painting,  worry,  and 
harass,  and  were  always  undertaken 
for  the  advancement  of  his  art :  be- 
sides they  were  in  perfect  harmony 
withlheman;  he  did  nothing  by  halves; 
if  a  subject  were  lo  be  mastered  he 
set  to  work  at  it  and  never  left  it  until 
be  had  accomplished  bis  task.  His 
vast  store  of  information  baffled  and 
astounded  many. 

The  editor  again  says,  "  in  taste  he 
was  deficient  as  in  judgment."  Was 
his  taste  deficient  when  he  boldly  chose 
lo  admire  the  Elgin  Marbles  in  spite 


146 


Benjamin  Robert  Hay  don. 


[Aug. 


of  the  sneers  of  dilettantism  ?  Was 
his  judgment  deficient  when  he  re- 
futed the  absurdities  of  Payne  Knight, 
who  made  them  out  "  to  be  Roman  of 
the  time  of  Hadrian.*' 

Again  the  editor,  not   in  the  most 
Christian  manner,  undertakes  the  duties 
of  being  Ilaydon's  judge  in  matters  of 
religion'     He  sneeringly  says,  "  Hay- 
don  8  religiousness  was  puzzling,**  and 
that  **  his  prayers  were  begging  letters^ 
in  fact,  despatched  to  the  Ahuighty.** 
The  eiiitor  ought  to  recollect  that  to 
SDcer  at  the  prayers  of  others  is  ex- 
actly what  the  Pharisee  was  condemned 
for  m  the  parable  of  our  Lord.    Again 
he  says,  ^*  It  must  not  be  forgotten 
that  the  prayers  of  many  eminently 
pious    [)Coplc,  and   indeed  of   whole 
churches  and  sects,  are  little  more  than 
this.*'     The  writer  of  such  an  opinion 
as  this  will  gain  little  sympathy,  ex- 
cept  fn>m   a  set   of   narrow-minded 
atheists,  who  scof!  at  religion  for  the 
sake  of  "  being  thought  clever.**     The 
editor  must  recollect  that  in  a  Chris- 
tian country   a  sneer  at  religion   is 
always  considered  as  evidence  of  no 
religion   in  the   sneerer.     Again,  the 
editor  finding  himself  perfectly  igno- 
rant of  art  in  all  its  bearings,  calls  in 
to  his  aid  a  man,  who  says  ox  Haydon*s 
painting,  **  Indeed  his  pictures  are  him- 
self, and  fail  as  he  failed.**     Of  course 
not  one  word  need  be  said  in  review  of 
the  opinion  of  a  person  who  could  pen 
such  envious  nonsense.     Were  "  Solo- 
mon,"   "  Jerusalem,**     "  Dentatus, 
♦* Mac.lMJth,*'  "Napoleon,**  "Lazarus, 
"  The    Mock    Election,'*    "  Eucles, 
"  AriHtidcB,**  "Curtius**  failures?     K 
thoy  were,  then  what  painter  would 
not  lit  rive  to  fail  ?     It  is  all  very  well 
to  imitate  noble  lords  in  editing  lives, 
but  ambitious  editors  must  take  care, 
whf^n  they  desire  to  link  their  names 
with  greatness,  that  they  do  not  "light 
a  ton;h   to  show   their  littleness  the 

more." 

Haydcm  wanted  a  Giorgio  Vasari  to 
have  chronicled  his  history ;  how  would 
this  worthy  biograi)herhave  understood 


M 


»♦ 


»♦ 


the  high  aspirations  of  Hajdon,  hia  de- 
TOtedness,  energy,  and  genius  ! 

We  must  now  conclude  our  notice 
of  this  work,  and  recommend  our 
readers  to  peruse  it.  In  it  thej  will 
find  a  fund  of  information  on  all  mat- 
ters relating  to  society  and  art;  the 
anecdotes  of  celebrated  people  are  in- 
numerable, and  told  with  immense  force 
and  character. 

Haydon  was  like  a  comet.     He  de- 
scribed his  peculiar  orbit  in  art  to  the 
utter  dismay  of  the  more  established 
systems,  cut  the  ecliptic   of  the  old 
routine  in   painting,  came  in   contact 
with  the  spheres   of  coloricism    and 
dilettantism,  and  made  the  world  think 
his  course  eccentric  because  it  was  not 
ordinary.     It  was  forgotten  that  Hay- 
don*8  desire  to  restore  art  to  its  high 
standard  was  merely  the  reproduction 
of  what  Apelles,  Pheidias,  and  Michel- 
agnuolo  felt  before  him,  whose  gOTem- 
ments  knew,  however,  that  to  encou- 
rage the  fine  arts  was  to  raise  the 
moral  state  and  feeling  of  their  people. 
The   height  of  Hajdon*8  ambiUon 
was  to  see  the  first  buildings  of  his 
country  embellished  with  historical  re- 
miniscences of  her  former  glor  j.     Pa- 
triotism was  a  distinguished  element 
in  his  nature,  but  so  blended,  howerer, 
with  his  art  and  himself  that  it  became 
an  im[)ossibility  to  analyse  eidier  sepa- 
rately. 

He  lived  to  see  the  acknowledgment 
of  his  principles  by  Government,  the 
establishment  of  the  School  of  Design, 
and  the  embellishment  of  the  Houses 
of  Parliament ;  but,  in  the  competition 
of  artists  for  the  carrying  out  of  this 
last  object,  the  Commissioners,  amongst 
whom  was  one  of  his  own  pupils,  con- 
sidered he  had  failed.  Not  even 
daunted  by  this  blow,  he  set  to  work 
and  commenced  a  series  of  gigantic 
paintings  to  prove  his  capabUlty.  Pe- 
cuniary loss,  profound  disappointmanl^ 
and  gross  ingratitude  at  last  broke  his 
proud  spirit,  and  sent  his  grej  hairs 
with  sorrow  to  the  grave. 


147 


THE  NORTHERN  TOPOGRAPHERS. 

The  HUtorj  and  Antiquities  of  North  Durham,  as  subdivided  into  the  Shires  of  Nor' 
ham,  Island,  and  Bedlington,  which,  from  the  Saxon  period  until  the  year  1844, 
constituted  parcels  of  the  County  Palatine  of  Durham,  but  are  now  united  to  the 
County  of  Northumberland.  By  the  Rev.  James  Raine,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Meldon, 
and  Librarian  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Durham,  &c.     Fol.     1852. 

THE  people  of  the  Northern  coun-     last  great  struggle  (1569)  which  was 


ties  of  England  seem  to  have  been 
more  disposed  to  that  minute  historical 
research  which  is  often  called  Anti- 
qnarianism  than  those  of  the  South, 
and  to  hare  been  more  sensible  of  the 
yalue  of  writings  which  explain  to  them 
why  such  and  such  an  edifice,  now 
perhaps  in  ruins,  or  such  and  such  a 
monument  of  any  other  kind,  whether 
a  memorial  of  an  event  or  of  some 
person  great  in  former  times,  is  found 
in  the  sites  in  which  they  see  them, 
perhaps  even  at  their  own  doors.     We 


made  in  England  in  support  of  the 
ancient  order  and  practices  of  the 
English  Church,  are  all  things  which 
make  this  county  a  subject  peculiarly 
tempting  to  a  topographer. 

Much  cannot  be  said  in  praise  of 
Hutchinson,  who  wanted  both  taste 
and  scholarship,  though  not  deficient 
in  zeal  and  industry  and  love  of  his 
subject ;  but  he  lived  too  early.  The 
old  county  historians  had  put  writers 
on  county  history  on  a  wrong  track 
by  making  their  works  so  exclusively 


have  at  least  a  pretty  large  library  of    mere  dry  details,  so  that  in  most  of 


works  relating  to  Northern  antiquities 
and  Northern  history,  to  say  nothing 
of  the  more  general  historical  labours 
of  such  men  as  Lord  William  Howard 
of  Naworth  in  the  sixteenth  century, 
and  of  Smith  towards  the  end  of  the 
seventeenth,  the  very  learned  editor 
of  Bede,  who  has  been  so  diligently 


them — nay,  we  may  say  all  of  what 
may  be  called  the  old  school,  from 
Burton  to  Morant — we  look  in  vain  for 
any  stroke  of  genius,  or  anything  that 
really  enlivens  the  dull  detail  without 
any  painful  incongruity,  or  even  (ex- 
cept in  rare  instances  mdeed)  for  any 
felicity  of  combination  or  conjecture. 


read   and   followed   by  the   troop   of     There  were  a  few  writers   of  minor 


editors  of  the  same  author  in  these  our 
later  times. 

We  know  not  to  what  general  prin- 
ciple this  is  to  be  referred ;  but  we  can 
see  why  in  particular  the  county,  or 
rather  the  bisnopric,  of  Durham  should 
have  been  studied  in  the  way  it  has 
been,  and  its  antiquities  and  its  history 
be  described  or  detailed  and  illustrated 
with  so  much  afiectionate  minuteness, 
— for,  if  there  is  any  city  in  the  king- 
dom which  seems  as  if  it  must  compel 
a  resident  in  it  to  become  an  antiquary, 
it  is  Durham;  if  there  is  any  city 
which,  above  all  others,  presents  both 
HA  a  whole  and  in  its  smgle  objects 
matter  to  invite  men  to  inquiries  re- 
specting it,  it  is  Durham  :  while  the 
peculiar  constitution  of  the  district 
around,  its  insulation  as  to  its  internal 
government,  its  historic  wealth  both  in 
ancient  records  and  ancient  chronicles 
of  its  own  or  its  own  authors,  its  long 
series  of  bishops,  leading  us  back  to 
the  very  earliest  dawn  of  Christianity 
in  Britain,  its  monastic  remains,  its 
castles,  its  families  of  high  renown,  its 
share  in  the  border  wars,  and  in  the 


topographical  works  who  proceeded  in 
a  better  spirit ;  but  of  persons  who 
undertook  to  write  on  large  districts, 
such  as  a  county,  it  seems  to  have  been 
reserved  to  Whi taker,  about  the  be- 
ginning of  the  present  century,  to  turn 
out  of  the  beaten  track,  and  to  show 
us  how  possible  it  is  for  a  cultivated 
and  powerful  mind  to  condescend  to 
writing  such  as  this,  and  to  mix  in  a 
very  agreeable  manner  bold  conjecture, 
deductions  of  general  interest,  appli- 
cations of  events  in  the  past  to  the 
guidance  of  men  of  his  own  time,  and 
spirited  delineations  both  of  manners 
and  scenery,  with  those  dry  details 
which  are  indispensable  in  works  of 
this  kind,  without  which  indeed  they 
ore  as  nothing. 

We  regard  Dr.  Whitaker*8  publica- 
tions as  having  had  a  great  influence 
in  raising  the  tone  and  character  of 
topographical  writing  in  England-  But 
as  Dr.  Whitaker  grew  older  he  grew 
more  indifferent  to  the  details.  There 
is  very  little  in  the"Loidis  andElmete" 
to  satisfy  the  curiosity  of  persons  de- 
sirous of  knowing  what  books  of  topo- 


ISO 


TTic  Nnrtharn  Tiijiograp 


<l,^, 


lorioldocuuieQtH oferer^ (lescripti'...,        .   „ 

wbicli  bave  been  prfsiTTBd  iu  unusual  Engloiiil,   lis  lauguagf, 

completeness   in   thu  archives   of  tlie       ----■' 

Churcb  of  Durliam,  and  from  whicli 

be  liiu  derived  tiie  most  authenlic  un'l  pages 

im|>orCant  illustrations  of  the  (.-ivil  and  tn:.   ii 


th^ 


One  hundred  and  fuurteen  folio 
re  uecupled  with  tlic  cborturs, 
number  66\,  relating  tu   ihc 


Eh*j  oa  the  Independence  of  Scutland,  and  by  Sir  James  Dilrifrnple  in  hu  Catlec- 
tiooi  respecting  Scotliib  Hislory  ;  but  Lord  HailM  in  bis  Annili  of  Scotland  threw 
doubt  on  it(  BUtbenlicit;.  sod  Chilmer*  in  bii  Caledonia  dcciJedlf  rej«ted  il.  Mr. 
Raine  utiafactonlf  ■nineri  all  Ibe  abjection!  ibit  have  been  adduced  igaiDit  it :  he 
proaaunce*  it  to  be  a  genuine  dnmment,  cunilitntiog  Ibe  earlieat  written  record 
affecting  tbe  Hiator;  of  Scotland;  and  statps  bia  belief  that  it  bad  twoobjecti  in  view — 
the  enriching  the  monks  uf  Durbsm,  end  tberebj  in  lome  meaaare  conciliating  ibe 
aid  of  the  Northern  cuuutiee  of  England  :  but  oiare  especiallf  the  placing  upon 
record  in  the  muniment  rnom  of  an  Engiisb  monasUrj  the  importiint  words  ean- 
ifBW  htredilarii  rex  Sntia,  which  have  presented  aoch  difflculttes  tn  the  Scotiah 
bialoriaoi.  that  more  than  ona  of  them  would  willingly  get  rid,  hj  wbaleier  meani.  of 
the  record  ia  which  their  occur.  It  will  be  remembered  that  Wiltiim  the  ('oiiqueror 
put  forward  the  like  elaima  of  brrrditary  right  to  the  cuwn  of  Enelnod,  and  il  ia  re< 
markable  that  two  of  bia  charleri,  containing  Ibe  assertion.  Ego  Willirlmus  Dei  gratia 
Rei  Anglomm  bereditario  jure  factoa,  bad  been  placrd  on  record  at  Diirhaia  a  few 
jrears  befnre  the  acceaiion  nf  Duncan. 

Mr.  Baioe  exercise)  bis  discrimination  with  no  leii  aacceaa  on  anotber  suipeetDd 
Coldingbam  charter, — ane  of  Edgar  King  of  Scotland,  which  no  lunger  eiiita  in  its 
original  form,  as  that  of  DoDcao  does.  It  waa  poblitbed  b;  Dugdale  in  hia  Mona*- 
ticon,  and  was  in  1701  Iriaiapbantly  brongbt  forward  by  a  writer  named  Atwood  as 
cuntsioing  a  decisiie  admiasion  or  the  anperiorit;  of  EngbinJ  oier  the  kingdom  of 
Scotland.  Atwond'i  treatise  roused  the  Scotish  blood  uf  Anderson,  the  compiler  of 
that  splendid  collectioo,  the  Diplomsta  Scutiie.  wba,  in  the  fallowing  ;eBr,  in  replf  t» 
Atwood,  pnblishifd  an  hialorical  mnj  on  the  independeni-j  of  Scotland,  in  which  tliia 
vbarter  ia  aaserted  to  be  a  base  forgery.  Mr.  Itaine  abows  not  only  that  the  charier  js 
gBBOine.  bat  alao  that,  so  ttr  from  aifecting  the  independence  of  Scotlaad,  it  positiieljr 
oCablisbea  that  indfependence  in  the  plaiartt  icnns.  The  uffenaive  clause  is  as  fnllows: 
Ego  EdganiB,  totam  lerram  de  Lodcneiu  et  regaum  Sciitiic  dono  domini  mei  WiMelmi 
Augbirum  r^is  et  palema  bereditate  poifidens.  Here  (remarki  Mr.  Raine)  are  two 
distinct  propositions,  bulb  of  them  distincllj  true,  and  comeyvd  in  a  grammatical 
oonstruction  uf  ordinary  occurrence  and  obrioos  meaning.  There  is  in  the  Paradise 
Lost  (Tii.  502)  a  rery  striking  instance  of  this  kind  of  collocation — 

When  the  members  of  the  sentence  are  ddtjr  Usigned  to  their  retpecti'e  parts  they 
may  be  thus  translated  : — t.  BJgar,  paimimg  Iht  Imd  of  lAi  LolAUn  bg  tht  ffi/l  nf 
My  lord  William  Kinp  efBnsland,  and  Iht  kingdom  o/Srolland  «  Adr  Iu  mf/aHtt. 
Edgar  holds  the  Lothian  land  as  s  fief  under  the  crown  of  England,  and  therefore  ha 
take*  oounsel  of  the  King  of  Englsnd  before  be  cnuld  Uiwfully  alienate  a  portion  uf 
that  land  or  territory  to  the  church  of  Durham ;  be  holds  tlie  crown  of  ScutUnd  In 
bis  OWD  right  «  the  heir  of  hia  father,  and  lakes  s|)eciat  care  so  to  say.  The  bet  is 
called  Irm  i  the  aorereignty  is  dulj  designated  by  the  word  rtyntiH.  This  impottaut 
illsUDdian  was  OTcrlooked  by  Andersao,  aa  wai  also  the  disbuneat  snppmajon  on  the 
put  of  his  Dpponeul  of  the  words  tl  yaltrn^  keredilmlti  and.  Ibougb  be  Umseir 
printed  the  ehartCT  with  these  worda,  be  yel  was  inneusihle  to  lbs  obvious  construction 
and  meaning  oF  the  paragraph,  wbicb,  if  lieocd  in  ila  Irne  licbt,  woold  hare  settled  the 
poinl  in  dispute,  and  bare  driven  Atwood  out  of  the  field.  Mr.  Raiua  adduces  scTersl 
additional  arguments  which  compleiely  verify  the  authenticity  of  the  charter;  but  he 
afterwards  points  out  anotber  charter,  professing  to  be  one  of  King  Edgar,  ohich  "  is 
a  most  palpable  forgery,  Fabricsted  apparently  br  the  express  purpose  of  eslabllshlng 
the  superiority  of  England,"  He  adda  that  it  ia  prubably  una  of  the  alleged  fabrica- 
llons  of  Hardinge  the  poetical  chronicler,  who  lived  in  the  time  of  Henry  VI,  and  wbo 
rriceived  an  annuity  from  tbo  crown  for  his  serri<;ea.  It  is,  however,  but  a  clnnsy 
Imitation,  deflcleni  in  the  quality  of  Its  iiarehmenl,  ita  ink,  its  phraseology,  it*  aciu, 
and  every  other  cbaraoteristic  FeMure.  we  have  iondniualely  compn>u»d  into  this 
brief  note  the  pnocipal  poinu  ot  eight  uf  Iba  nasi  nlatxirate  and  ckiaelf  argned  pagva 


nf  Mr. 


work. 


1853.  J 


Raine'i  History  of  North  Durham 


th&t  cftn  Teaaonablj  be  expected  from 
ft  topographical  irrlter,  interspersed 
with  uanj  facts  which  elucidate  sub- 
jects of  more  general  itnd  higher  his- 
toric interest;  while  the  intermixture 
of  happj  derivations,  judicious  re- 
marks,  and   pleasant   anecdotes   mnj 


the  attainder  of  Bishop  Tunstiilt  ii 
mediately  a.(\ST  tlie  death  of  Queen 
Mary,  thej  were  not  again  restored 
with  the  temporalities  of  ibe  see,  but 
soon  aft«r  granted  by  Queen  Eliza- 
beth (on  a  lease  for  three  lives)  to  her 
Lord  Hunadon.  then  General 


agreeable  book  to  those     Warden  of  the  Marches  towards  Seu 


who  read  rather  lor  aniuBemeot  than 

to  enlarge  their  amount  of  knowledge. 
The  portions  of  the  ancient  bishopric 

of  Durham  of  which  Mr.  Raioe  under- 
took the  description  were  denominnled 

Norhamshirc,   Islaodshire,   aud   Bed- 

liogtonshire.     Each  of  these    shires 

formed  a  single  parish  ouly,  the  two 

former    lyinc  contiguous,   upon    the 

KUtbero  bant  of  the  Tweed,  and  the 

isistins  of  a  single  parish  upon     enabled  to 
Muf Northumberland.    During     ancient   ' 


land  and  Governor  of  Berwick;  from 
whose  family  they  were  purchased  in 
the  reign  of  James  the  First  by  the 
Earl  of  Dunbar,  for  the  sum  of  6,000^. 
In  the  mean  time,  in  the  1st  James  I. 
Bishop  Toby  Matthew,  by  format  con- 
veyance, had  confirmed  the  alienation 
to  the  Crown;   and,  though  it  subse- 

3uently  appears  that  in  the  prelatte 
ays  of  Charles  I.  Bishop  Morton  was 
some  portion  of  the 
'lis  of  bis  pre- 


the  progress  of  Mr.  Raine's  work  these  decessors,  the  Civil  War  ensued,  and 

three  districts  have  ceased  to  belong  to  dissipateii  all  these  claims  for  ever. 
the  county  ofDurham,  and,  by  an  Act  of         It  will  be  understood  from  what  we 

lUiament  passed  in  1844,  have  be-  have  now  stated,  that  the  mere  topo- 

come  parcel  of  the  county  of  North-  graphical  description,  or  local  survey, 

umberland,  with  the  exception  of  the  which  fell  to  Mr.  Raine's  task  in  this 

two   townships   of  Twecdmouth   and  undertaking    was    comparatively    of 

Spital)  which  by  the  operation  of  the  small  dimensions;   consisting,  in  the 

Municipal  Corporation  Act  had  been  whole,oftlirecNorth-coUDtrypBriahes, 

ily  attached  to  the  borough  of  each   having   several   townships,   and 

""        '  .  .1         dependent  chapels: 


Bernic  k  -  upon  -Tweed . 

Norhamshire  and  Islandshire  were 
part  of  the  wide  territory  assigned  to 
the  sec  of  Durham,  on  its  foundation 
by  the  Northumbrian  prince  Oswald, 
in  the  year  63S.  Lindisfarne  itself,  the 
Holy  Island,  continued  to  be  the  resi- 
dence of  the  bishop  and  his  monks 
until  they  were  expell 
in  the  year  900 ;  ond  its  history  is  con- 
sequently In  its  early  port  ions  the  his- 
tory of  the  church  of  Durham.  Mr. 
Roine  occupies  twenty  pages  of  his 
book  with  the  annals  of  these  early 
bishops.  The  see  of  Durham  retain^ 
its  property  in  these  territories  until  it 
became  the  policy  of  the  state  to  di- 
minish episcopal  revenues.  Having 
fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  Crown  by 


as  one  of  these,  namely  Bedlington,  l.ty 
in  the  district  descril)ed  by  Mr.  Hodg- 
son in  his  (alas!  unfinished)  History 
of  Northumberland,  in  that  cjise  Mr. 
Raine    has    contented    himself    with 

fiving  an  abridged  abstract  of  Mr. 
lodgson's  account,  together  with  such 
by  the  Danes  additional  particulars  as  have  since 
'  '  ■        '  occurred  to  him.' 

The  great  features  of  Mr,  Raine's 
topc^raphical  domain  are  the  venerable 
church  of  Lindisfarne,  the  priorv  of 
Coldinghsm,  and  the  castle  of  I^or- 
ham ;  but  the  main  strength  of  his 
work,  and  that  which  distinguishes  it 
from  every  other  bookof  itsciaas,  con- 
sists in  the  richatoresof  record  evidence, 
of  charterH,f   account- rolls,  and  hia- 


*  It  «u  a  pirt  or  Mr.  Raine's  origioil  design  to  have  included  h  biitorf  of  the  tooB 
of  Bernick  anil  in  BccounC  or  the  fisheries  in  the  Tweed,  but  Ibal  porlion  of  hii  plan 
he  abuidnneil  in  faToar  of  Che  late  Robert  Weddell,  esq.,  who  anrorlunatelf  died  vith- 
ont  fulAlling  his  intcDtioiiB. 

f  Tlie  ohnrlers  of  the  Kings  of  ScaClaad.  whieh  commFnce  the  series,  are  of  great 
tmjiorliiiice  in  reference  (o  the  once  hotly  debated  question  of  the  feudal  deprndencc 
of  th«  kingdom  of  Scotland  upou  the  English  urawn.  The  genuineness  of  some  ol 
then  have  been  impeached  bj  distinguisbed  historical  writen  upon  tbis  score. 

The  flrat  il  one  of  King  Duncm,  hj  which  large  estates  were  coDTejEd  to  Che  diodIi 
of  Dailiam,      It  vas  ri'gir<)ed  as  a  genuine  document  by  Anderson  in  hit  Hittorici 


^ 


4cal  ^ 


150 


The  Nurlketii  Tofiographers. 


[Aug. 


toriunl  Jouuincnlu  of  every  deacripliou,  relijriiim    liiswry   ut'    iho    Nffrth    of 

whiuli  bftve  been  pr>.'!ti'rve(l  in  unusual  Eiijtlanil,  iU  Ina^ogi!,  mniiiiera,  and 

coinplelcness   in    thu  arubives   uf  the  Hlatistica. 

Church  of  Durham,  and   from  which  One   hundred    and    fourteen    Iblio 

be  has  derived  the  most  authentic  anil  ]Higcs  are  occupied  witli  the  charters, 

important  illuatratious  of  the  ciril  and  Sic.   in   number  661,  relating  to   the 


Emij  oa  the  IndBpeodence  ot  Scutland,  and  b;  Sir  Jmneii  Dalrfinple  in  hia  Collec- 
tloiu  respecting  Scotlish  HisFory  ;  but  Lard  Haifa  in  hia  Annnia  of  Scotland  threw 
doubt  on  ita  lathcnticilj,  sad  Chalmers  in  his  Caledouia  ciccidBillr  rejected  it.  Mr. 
Raine  utisfscIoTilj  anewert  all  ihe  ohjections  that  have  been  idiluced  igainat  it  i  he 
pronounce!  it  to  be  a  genuine  document,  aonililuHug  llie  earliest  written  record 
affecting  the  History  of  Scullund ;  and  atatra  his  belief  that  it  had  tno  objects  in  view — 
the  enriching  the  monks  of  Darbam,  and  thereby  In  tome  measure  conciliating  the 
■id  or  the  Northern  counties  of  England  ;  but  more  especiiilly  the  ptsoiug  upon 
record  in  the  muniment  room  of  an  English  mODUterj  the  important  words  ran- 
ttna  htredilari*  rrr  ScBlia,  which  have  presented  saeh  dilGeultirs  (o  Ihe  Scotish 
hislarians,  that  more  than  one  of  them  would  willingly  get  rid,  by  whatever  mcMnt,  of 
the  record  in  which  they  occur.  It  will  be  reroi'mhercd  that  William  the  Conijaeror 
put  foriraid  the  lilcp  cisima  of  hereditary  right  to  the  crown  of  Enjlnnd.  and  it  is  n- 
markable  thai  twoofhi>cha^le^^  cnntainiug  Ihe  SESrrtioii,  Ego  Willit^lmu*  Dei  gratia 
Rex  Angiornm  heredituio  jure  fsctaa.  had  been  plaei^d  on  record  st  Darbam  u  few 
years  before  the  accirsaiDn  of  Duncan. 

Mr.  EUine  exercises  bii  dlacriminatian  with  no  leas  saeceas  on  another  satpected 
Coldingbam  charter. — one  of  Edgar  King  of  Scotland,  which  no  longer  eiiits  ia  its 
original  form,  as  that  of  Duncan  does.  It  waa  pobliabed  by  Dugdaie  in  his  Monaa- 
ticon,  and  was  in  1704  triumphantly  brought  forward  by  a  writer  nsmrd  \twood  as 
containing  a  declaive  admiaiion  of  the  superiority  of  England  over  tbe  kingdom  of 
Scotland.  Atwood'i  treatise  roused  the  Sootiih  bluod  of  Anderaon,  the  eompiler  of 
that  splendid  collection,  the  Diplomala  Scotiie.  who,  in  the  following  year,  in  reply  to 
Atwood,  pobliabed  an  hlgtorical  eiuj  on  the  independency  of  Scotland,  in  wbicn  thii 
charter  ia  aaserted  to  be  a  base  forgery.  Mr.  Kaine  shows  not  only  that  the  charter  i* 
^nuine,  but  alio  that,  so  far  from  affecting  the  independence  of  Scotland,  it  positively 
eitablishu  that  independence  in  Ihe  plaineat  terms.  The  offensive  clause  Is  as  follow* : 
Ego  Edgarus.  lotam  lerram  de  Lodoneio  el  regnum  ScuUk  dono  douiDt  mei  Willelmi 
AngloruiD  regit  et  patermi  berediiate  poiiideoa.  Here  (remarks  Mr.  Rainol  are  iwu 
distinct  propoailioni,  both  of  them  dulioclly  true,  and  conteyed  ia  a  grammatical 
constmcuon  of  ordinary  occurreDce  and  obvious  meaning.  Tliere  it  in  Um  [*>nidi«e 
Lost  (vii.  £02)  a  very  striking  instance  of  this  hind  of  eollocitioa — 


By  tbwl,  Dab,  tooit,  via  nawn,  wna  iirnm,  wu  watted. 
When  the  tDemben  of  tbe  aentcnce  are  duly  asiigned  to  tbeir  respective  parts  Ihey 
Dwy  be  tbos  iramlated  :—/.  Bdgsr,  poiuitinf  l\t  laiid  of  IKt  Loliian  by  Iht  ffifl  of 
My  lord  lf?ffia>  Xiy  tif  Bnglaid,  and  Ihe  Hngd'm  af  Scotland  ai  heir  l>,  mfjalha. 
Edgar  boldi  tbe  Lothian  land  as  a  fief  onder  the  crown  of  England,  and  therefore  be 
take*  eounicl  of  the  King  of  England  before  he  could  lawfully  alienite  a  portion  of 
Ibst  hud  or  tcrtitury  to  tbe  church  of  Durham  :  be  holds  the  crown  of  Scotlund  in 
bis  own  right  aa  tbe  heir  of  his  father,  and  takes  special  care  so  to  say.  The  ftet  is 
ealled  Irrrai  tbe  sovereignty  it  dgly  deaignated  by  Ihe  word  re^nnm.  Hiis  important 
diatinolion  was  overlooked  by  Anderson,  as  was  sUo  (be  diihonesl  luiipression  on  the 
part  of  bis  opponent  of  the  words  el  fialrnui  Aercdi/afe.  and,  though  be  himtelt 
printed  the  charter  with  these  words,  he  yei  was  inwniiblr  to  tbe  obvious  construclinn 
and  meaning  of  tbe  paragraph,  which,  if  viewed  in  il*  true  lixht,  would  have  teltled  ibe 
poinl  in  ditpule,  and  have  driven  Atwood  out  of  Ibe  Add.  Mr.  Raiue  adduce*  several 
additional  argnment*  which  completely  verify  tbe  aalhtulicily  of  the  charter)  but  he 
aftrrwanti  points  out  another  charter,  profesaing  to  be  one  ^it  Kln^  Edgar,  which  "  is 
■  most  psipable  forgery,  fabricated  apparently  for  lb*  eiprea*  parpoK  uf  ettablithing 
tbe  saperiorily  of  EngUuid."  He  add*  thai  it  It  prubably  one  of  the  sllriged  fabrica- 
tiona  of  Hardinge  Ihe  poetical  chronicler,  who  UtrI  id  Ibe  time  uf  Henry  VI.  and  who 
coeclved  an  aanaitjr  f'"'"  the  cruwn  fiur  bia  servlnn.  Il  it.  however,  but  a  clumty 
lultatian,  deficient  in  Ibe  qaalily  iif  ita  parchment,  ita  ink,  its  pbraseolngy.  Us  teal, 
aod  every  other  charsctcrbillc  fealBn--  We  have  inadequalely  compretsod  into  thia 
brW  note  tbe  prlocipaJ  pointa  of  rigbl  of  the  moat  elaborate  and  vlowly  argued  pigea 
of  Mr.  Baluc'a  worL 


1853.] 


Raines  History  of  North  Durham, 


151 


priory  of  CJoldingham  ;*  and  thirty - 
dffbt  more  b^  tnose  which  belons  to 
otber  subjects  in  the  book.    In  another 

Elace  we  find  the  account-rolls  of  the 
ailiffs  or  proctors  who  managed  the 
church  property  of  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  of  Durham  at  Norham,  occu- 
pying sixteen  folio  pages  :  which  are 
rendered  the  more  valuable  from  the 
glossarial  notes  of  the  editor,  with 
which  they  are  illustrated  through- 
out. The  account-rolls  of  the  cells  of 
Holy  Island  and  of  Fame,  and  the 
fabric  accounts  of  Norham  Castle,  are 
efjually  remarkable,  and  are  edited 
with  the  same  care  and  discrimination. 
Another  very  important  feature  of 
Mr.  Raine*s  work,  and  one  which  will 
recommend  it  as  possessing  more  than 
local  interest,  is  the  review  which  he 
takes,  in  his  General  Introduction,  of 
the  international  relations  between  the 
kingdoms  of  England  and  Scotland, 
during  the  long  period  in  which  they 
lived  m  a  state  of  either  open  warfare 
or  of  predatory  peace.  Keeping  in 
view  what  had  been  published  on 
this  subject  by  Bishop  Nicolson  in 
bis  Leges  Marchiarum,  by  Ridpath 
in  his  Border  History,  by  Nicol- 
son and  Burn  in  their  History  of 
Westmorland  and  Cumberland,  and 
by  Sir  Walter  Scott  in  his  Border 
Antiquities,  Mr.  Raine  has  yet  put 
together  a  large  accession  of  new  and 
interesting  materials,  which  admirably 
exemplify  the  accuracy  and  the  truth 
of  those  wild  and  stirrmg  scenes  which 
the  great  Magician  of  the  North  so 
much  delighted  to  portray,  but  in 
which  the  reality  is  so  often  still  more 
strange  than  fiction. 


Where  Mr.  Kaine  has  to  perform 
the  ordinary  part  of  a  topographer  he 
has  done  it  well,  thoroughly,  and  com- 
pletely. The  genealogies  of  the  prin- 
cipal landowners  are  worked  out  with 
care;  including  several  houses  of 
Forster,  Grey,  Orde,  Selby,  &c.  &c. 
and  more  particularly  one  of  the  an- 
cient Roman  Catholic  house  of  Hag- 
gerston  of  that  ilk,  and  a  great  sheet 
pedigree  of  the  Greys  of  Heton,  Chil- 
tingham,  Howick,  &c.  &c.  One  of  the 
oldest  houses  of  the  district  is  that  of 
Reveley,  from  which  both  the  Duke  of 
Northumberland  and  Lord  Redesdale 
descend.  But  the  most  remarkable 
perhaps  of  all  Mr.  Rainess  genealogical 
researches  are  those  which  he  has  de- 
voted to  the  family  of  Maners,  of  Etal 
in  Northumberland,  the  direct  an- 
cestors of  the  noble  house  of  Rutland. 
He  first  lays  before  the  reader  the 
pedigrees  compiled  by  Vincent  and 
Glover,  from  which  he  finds  occasion 
to  differ  toto  calo^  and  respecting  which 
he  had  received  from  a  modern  member 
of  the  College  of  Arms  that  advice 
which  is  applicable  to  so  many  of  the 
productions  of  their  predecessors — 
^^  to  believe  just  so  much  of  their  early 
matches  and  descents  as  can  be  pnived 
by  better  evidence."  Mr.  Raine  after- 
wards gives  his  own  pedigree  of  Ma- 
ners as  founded  upon  the  mquisitiones 
post  mortem  and  other  authentic  re- 
cords, but  is  obliged  at  last  to  leave  his 
readers  "  to  assign  wives  from  Glover 
and  Vincent  at  their  discretion."  The 
original  arms  of  Manors  were.  Sable, 
two  bars  azure  and  a  chief  gules — ^a 
coat  which  was  evidently  derived  from 
that  of   the    Muschamps,   Barons  of 


*  The  archives  of  Durham  upon  this  subject  were  not  exhausted  even  by  this  process. 
Its  overflowings  have  formed  a  volame  upon  Coldingbam,  printed  for  the  Sartees 
Society.     Rvo.  1841. 


152 


Reunei  Histoty  of  North  JDurham. 


[A.W- 


WooUer,  an  heiress  of  which  family 

carried  £tal  to  Sir  Robert  Maners  in 

the  reign  of  Henry  HI.    The  colours 

of  Muschamp  were  or  and  gules,  and 

the  bearings  were  materially  the  same. 

The  old  red  chief  of  Maners  gave  way, 

in  1525,  to  one  quarterly  of  France 

and  England,  conceded  to  the  newly 

created  Earl  of  Rutland  on  account  of 

the  royal  blood  which  flowed  from  his 

mother  in  his  veins.    Mr.  Raine  gives 

an  interesting  account  of  the  ruins  of 

the  ancient  castle  of  Etal,  which  stands 

on  a  gentle  swell  by  the  side  of  the 


demise  from  his  own  orthogimphj  as 
printed  by  Mr.  Raine. 

The  said  William  Heron  and  Bobia 
[Atkinson  his  servant]  and  others  with 
them,  came  the  day  of  their  death  from 
Norham  to  Etal,  in  the  town  of  the  said 
John,  with  force  and  arms,  and  in  his  men 
and  servants'  great  assaolt  made  in  shoot- 
ing of  arrows,  striking  with  swords,  and 
proposing  to  have  sUin  them,  in  great 
noise  and  rumoor  and  affray  against  the 
peace,  in  the  vrhich  debate  the  said  Wil- 
lism  Heron  in  his  own  assault  was  slaio, 
the  said  John  [Maners]  and  John  [his 
son]  not  b«ng  near-hand  him  by  a  spear- 


river  rill,  not  far  from  the  borders  of    length  and  more,   whose  death  the 


Norhamshire.  He  assigns  it  to  the 
reign  of  Henry  VI.  and  states  that  it 
might  have  been  easily  converted  into 
an  excellent  mansion-house  in  more 
recent  times,  had  circumstances  pro 


John  and  John  all  times  sore  have  re- 
pented. Also  I,  John  Maners,  have  gart 
say  for  the  sonl  of  the  said  William  Heron 
in  Dorham,  Gisburgh,  and  Tyomouth 
_  Dccc.  masses,  whereas  I  had  by  awards  of 

1^1  it  fr"o7u  (I'trsertion  and  con^uent  ^«  «»?»«•«•  ^o  K«^  do  but  d.  masses. 
dilapidation.  It  had,  however,  already  In  another  paper  we  have  the  pe- 
fallen  into  ruin  in  the  reign  of  Henry  nance  imposed  more  precisely  stated: — 
VI II.  when  a  survey  made  in  the  year  yi^^im.  ^c.  to  come  to  Newcastle  noon 
|iJ42  Htutcs  that  "The  castell  of  ^  day  appointed  before  midsnmmer  n«tt, 
Ktayle,lxMng  of  thcEarle  ofRutlanus  and  lawely  submit  thaym  w^  wordes  and 
inherytaunce,  ys  for  lacke  of  repara-     dedes  of  humbleness  and  submission,  to 

cause  D.  masses  for  the  relevyog  of  the 
scale  of  the  said  William  Heron,  to  be 
sung  within  the  year ;  to  pay  to  Sir  Robert 
Umframvyle  and  Isabel  [the  widow]  «50 
marks,  100s.  of  which  to  be  expended  npon 
the  soul  of  Atkinson,  &c.  Dated  28  Sep. 
1430.  9  Hen.  VI.  * 

Such  is  an  incidental  sketch  of  the 
family  history  of  the  Borders :  and  the 
pages  of  Mr.  Raine's  work  will  not  be 
turned  over  long  without  their  readers* 
meeting  with  many  other  chiuracteristic 
traits  which  recal  the  features  of  a 
wild  and  romantic  state  of  society,  and 


«tons  in  very  great  <iecaye,  and  many 
liijeessary  Iiouhcs  within  the  same  be- 
con^  ruynous  and  fallen  to  the  ground." 
Among  other  papers  relating  to  the 
family  of  Maners  which  Mr.  Riine  has 
alistraf:U^l,  are  some  which  perpetuate 
thti  memory  of  a  l)order  fray  which 
t/Kik  plw^c  in  the  reign  of  Henry  the 
Hixtli,  when  William  Heron  and  Kobin 
Atkinson  his  servant  were  slain.  John 
Maners,  the  son  and  heir  of  Sir  John 
Maners  who  was  shcriflf  of  Northura- 
lierlsnd  in    1413,  was  charged  with 
having  lieen  guiltpr  of  this  slaughter, 


and  we  have  the  following  account  of    the  manners  and  usages  of  times  hr 
it  in  his  own  words — which  we  mo-     differing  from  our  own. 


PASSAGE  OF  THE  PRUTH. 

Black  might  be  omiaoas, 
I  wonld  not  bring  ill  luck  along  with  me  ! 

So  says  Isabella,  Mb.  Urban,  and  so  say  I ;  but,  in  lookbg  through  my 
manuscript  collections  to-day,  a  small  octavo  volume  turned  up,  Slled  wiui  mis- 
cellaneous articles  in  prose  and  verse,  and  of  dates  extending  from  1722  to 
1747,  which  I  feel  induced  to  bring  under  your  notice.  They  appear  to  have 
been  copied  from  contemporaneous  documents  or  periodicals,  and  one,  illustrat- 
ing the  character  of  warfare  between  Russia  and  Turkejr,  seemed  of  such  pre- 
sent interest  that  I  inclose  a  copy,  although  I  think  it  highly  probable  that  it 
has  heretofore  appeared  in  print.  If  approved  of  for  insertion  in  your  pages, 
its  appearance  should  be  prompt — now  or  never. 

Yours,  &c.    John  D'Alton. 


1858.] 


Passage  of  the  Pruth, 


153 


A  LeUtrfrom  Field  Manhal  Count  Munich  io  the  Duke  of  Courland^  dated  from 
the  Ruttian  Camp  beyond  the  Pruth^  the  29M  August,  1739. 


Tlie  happy  successes  I  am  going  to  re- 
late must  be  wholly  ascribed  to  the  bless- 
inff  of  Almighty  God,  to  whom  we  have 
infinite  reason  to  gire  the  humblest  thanks. 
It  must  be  acknowledged  that  His  hand 
has  gnided  all  the  enterprises  of  her  Ma- 
jesty our  most  gracious  Empress.  The 
Pruth  shall  be  no  longer  named  by  Rus- 
sians with  desecration,  but  with  benedic- 
tion, as  opening  the  way  to  a  speedy  and 
honourable  peace. 

To  draw  in  one  campaign  from  the  Don 
and   the   Donen,  from  the  lines  in  the 
Ukraine,  and  from  several  provinces  far 
distant  from  the  Dnieper  (Borysthenes), 
which  had  overflowed  in  an  extraordinary 
manner  a  German  mile  in  breadth ;   to 
march   from   the  frontiers  of  Russia  to 
those  of  Moldavia ;  cross  Poland,  without 
taking  there  the  least  thing  for  our  car- 
riages or  for  provisions  ;  to  pass  the  Vog, 
which  the  enemy  threatened  to   dispute 
with  us  ;  to  pass  even  the  Dnieper  without 
any  obstacle,  though  the  enemy  were  there 
with  all  their  forces ;   to  make  oar  way 
over    the    mountains   of   Choczim,   and 
through  the  difficult  defiles  near  Tzorna- 
Ulze ;  to  send  parties  in  sight  (as  one  may 
say)  of  the  enemy,  to  drive  together  thou- 
sands of  horses,  cattle,  and  sheep  io  Mol- 
davia, and  to  bring  them  to  that  side  of 
the  Pruth  where  we  then  lay ;  consequently 
to  furnish  the  army  with  what  was  wanting 
for  our  carriages,  and  with  provisions  out 
of  the  enemy's  country,  without  the  loss 
'  of  one  man ;  to  repel,  with  visibly  great 
loss  to  the  enemy,  all  the  attacks  of  the 
Turks  and  Tartars  ;  to  beat  out  of  a  for- 
tified camp  the  Seraskier  Sultan,  with  all 
his  hordes  of  Tartars,  as  also  Kottshack 
Basha  with  his  Serdengetsies  (or  adven- 
turers who  profess  neither  to  take  nor  to 
give  quarter)  and  with  his  Lyskaws;  lastly, 
to  attack  the  Seraskier  Wely  Bashaw,  w^o 
had  the  command  of  the  enemy's  whole 
army,  amounting  to  90,000  men,  by  whom 


we  were  surrounded  on  all  sides,  and  to 
give  him  a  total  defeat ;  to  make  a  booty, 
in  his  fortified  camp,  of  ail  the  tents  and 
baggage,  of  6  mortars  and  42  cannon  of 
brass,  and  all  the  ammunition  and  pro- 
visions, and  to  have  but  90  men  on  our 
side  killed  or  wounded ;  to  take  the  im- 
portant fortress  of  Choczim,  having  for  its 
defence  157    brass    cannon   with    stores 
answerable ;  to  make  prisoners  of  war  a 
bashaw  with  three  tails  and  his  garrison, 
without  lighting  one  match;  to  pursue  the 
enemy  to  the  Pruth ;  to  pass  that  river 
with  the  army  ;  to  build  forts  on  each  side 
of  it;  to  fix  a  footing  in  the  midst  of  the 
enemy's  country  ;  to  chase  the  Hospodar 
of  Moldavia  from  one  end  of  it   to   the 
other,  and  make  him  fly  to  the  other  side 
of  the  Danube  ;  to  levy  contributions,  &c. 
from  the  enemy;  to  see  our  army,  with 
hardly  one  sick  person  in  it,  in  full  pros- 
perity and  abundance : — all  this   I    say 
could  not  have  happened  without  being 
conducted  and  supported  by  the  hand  of 
Almighty  God.     Most  of  these  events  are 
of  such  a  nature,  that  those  who  were  not 
present  at  them  may  call  many  particulars 
in  a  doubt,  and  among  others  this,  that  the 
Janizaries  approaching  fiercely  to  make  an 
attack  were  suddenly  stopped  by  so  vi- 
gorous a  fire  that  they  had  not  time  to 
discharge  their  pieces  or  to  handle  their 
sabres.  The  fright  of  the  enemy  was  such, 
that  a  great  number  of  them  were  found 
drowned  three  days  after  the  action,  some 
miles  below  the  station  our  army  was  in ; 
and  the  greatest  part  of  them  fled  as  far  as 
to  the  Danube,  without  daring  to  cast  a 
look  behind  them.     On  the  other  hand, 
never  did  army  express  more  ardour  to 
fight  than  ours.     Deputations  and  letters 
of  congratulation  from  Poland  have  come 
to  us  one  after  another,  and,  with  the  fur- 
ther help  of  God,  we  cannot  doubt  of  a 
very  happy  issue  of  the  campaign. 


CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN. 

Early  History  of  the  Po«t-Offlce— A  Peep  at  the  Library  of  Chlclieater  Cathedral— The  Church  of  the 
Holy  Trinity  at  Norwich  before  the  Kemoval  of  the  Sec  from  Thetford-  It«  designation  a»  "  Christ** 
Chnrch"— The  Rev.  Wra.  Smith  of  Meliionby— Godmanham  and  Ix)ndesborough. 

Early  History  op  the  Post-Office. 


Me.  Urban, — The  report  of  the  Secret 
Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons  on 
the  Post-office  (1844),  the  contributions 
to  **  Notes  and  Queries,"  and  the  letter  of 
J.  B.  in  your  last  number,  undoubtedly 
afford  considerable  materials  for  the  early 

Gbkt.  Mao.  Vol.  XL. 


history  of  the  Post-office.  As  the  subject 
is  one  of  interest,  I  may  perhaps  not  be 
needlessly  occupying  your  columns  by 
additional  details. 

Cuthbert  Tonstall  (afterwards  Bishop 
of  Durham)  writiog  to  Cardinal  Wolsey 

X 


154 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


[Anir- 


from  Brussels,  25th  No?.  [1521  ?],  ob- 
serves, that  **  there  is  no  trust  to  be  put 
in  the  post/'  wherefore  he  writes  in  cy- 
pher, and  suggests  that  letters  in  cypher 
should  be  sent  to  the  Emperor  or  Mr. Wing- 
field,  and  likewise  to  himself,  in  matters 
which  the  Kin^  would  have  kept  secret* 

Thomas  earl  of  Surrey,  in  a  letter  to 
Cardinal  Wolsey,  from  Newcastle,  8th  Oct. 
[1623?]  writes  thus: 

**  And  nory  I  am  that  the  Kingis  Highnet 
and  jour  Grace  be  nowe  so  fer  in  sondre, 
whiche  I  perceive  is  th'  occasion  that  my 
lettrrs  sente  to  your  Grace  from  tyme  too 
tyme  bee  the  lenger  unanswered,  and  also 
mocbe  slouth  is  used  by  the  posts,  wiche 
maye  be  amended  if  it  woU  pleas  your 
(I race  to  write  one  open  lettre  too  all  the 
|)Osts,  chardging  theym  to  make  such  dili- 

Gpoe  nowe  in  riding  that  your  Grace's 
ires  fro  Ix>ndon  to  this  towne,  and  my 
Uttres  fro  this  towne  to  London,  maye  bee 
conveyed  in  xWig.  houres  at  the  leesta, 
whiche  thry  maye  well  doo/'f 

The  earl  of  Surrey  was  on  this  point  in 
■dvAOoe  of  his  age,  as  the  speed  he  consi- 
dur^d  practicable  was  not  ordinarily  at- 
talMd  by  the  post  till  many  years  subse- 
i|ttimily. 

Mtqihen  Vaughan,  in  a  rery  singular 
l«tt«r  to  1*homas  Cromwell,  written  in  the 
Cow  ('Ountrirs  (perhaps  at  Antwerp),  lat 
Nov.  (153.'{?],  reproaches  him  for  not 
paylni  the  posts.  The  passage  is  as  fol- 
lows !  — 

"  Thn  postys  here  complayn  upon  yow 
that  brjnijng  lettres  from  hense  to  yow 
(lannot  be  payde.  If  yow  provyde  not 
that  bryngyng  Irttres  they  maye  be  payde, 
slthe  a  Mmnll  thyng  will  pay  them,  loke  to 
have  vrraye  few  Inttres  oaryed  unto  yow. 
But  eyther  the  tame  shalbe  imbeseled, 
broken,  or  o|N)iird  (  the  things  therein 
disooverrd,  and  yow  not  knowyng  how  it 
shall  come  to  passe."  t 

A  letter  from  Sir  Ralph  Sadler  to  Henry 
VIII.  24th  Sept.  1543,  contains  the  fol- 
lowing passage  relative  to  the  imprison- 
ment of  oue  uf  the  posts  coming  to 
Edinburgh  to  Sir  Ilalph  with  the  king's 
letters  : 

*•  Finally,  when  I  was  yesterday  with 
the  said  dowager,  the  governour,  and  the 
other  lords  here,  I  demanded  the  delivery 
of  my  post  that  was  taken,  and  my  letters, 
according  to  their  promise  ;  which,  not- 
withstanding that  I  had  sundry  times  sent 
for  unto  them,  they  had  not  performed. 
And  they  answered  me,  '  that  the  post 
was  a  soldier  of  Berwick,  and  one  of  them 


that  had  harried  and  atoln  the  gooda  of 
Patrick  Home,  who,  therefore,  had  taken 
him  for  a  lawful  prisoner;'  which  I  de- 
fended, alledging,  that  thoo^  be  were  oae 
of  the  garrison  of  Bervriek,  yet  was  he  an 
ordinary  post  appointed  to  aerre  yowr 
Mi^esty  at  this  time,  and  re|Miriiig  to  me 
with  your  grace's  letten,  ought  not  to  be 
in  such  ways  interropted.  As  tor  mj 
letters,  they  said,  « they  should  be  forth- 
with  sent  unto  me  ;*  as,  indeed,  vrithin  am 
ho«r  after,  they  did  tend  the  same  to  me 
to  my  lodging  ;  but  whether  I  shall  harw 
the  poet  delivered  or  not  I  cannot  telL 
The  letters,  being  in  a  packet,  they  had 
opened,  and,  as  I  have  credible  informa- 
tion, they  have  had  them  in  thia  town 
these  two  or  three  days,  which,  being  in 
cypher,  they  had  kept  the  longer  to  prove 
their  cunning  in  the  decyphering  of  them, 
which  (as  I  credibly  am  informed)  ther 
could  do.'*  $  ' 

The  arrest  of  this  post  had  been  men- 
tioned in  a  former  letter,  of  which  only  n 
fragment  remains,  and  whereby  it  appeara 
that  Patrick  Hume  had  not  only  put  on 
the  post  as  many  irons  as  he  was  able  to 
bear,  as  though  he  had  been  a  strong 
thief  and  a  murderer,  bat  had  abo  thivat- 
ened  to  hang  him  with  his  letters  about 
his  neck.  II 

The  following  passage  ooenrs  in  a  letter 
to  Sir  Thomas  Cawarden  from  Thomas 
Phillips,  clerk  of  the  tents,  apperently 

written  ui  the  reign  of  Edward  VL : 

"  Pleaseth  yt  yo'  worsbipe  to  be  adver- 
tysyd  that  yester  nyght  there  came  a  poste 
from  the  corte  w*  two  letters,  the  one  the 
post  w*  a  home  about  hys  nek,  blowing 
as  he  came  throwgh  olde  fyshe  streete,  to 
M**  Hale,  the  other  was  browght  unto  ns 
to  the  Blake  fryers,  w*  sylence.  I  wolde 
not  have  stykyd  to  have  gevyn  the 
post  a  crowne  to  have  had  one  blaste 
blowen  w*  his  home  at  my  dore  for  honors 
sake."i[ 

Whether  the  opinion  that  it  was  an 
honour  to  have  a  blast  blown  with  a  poafk 
bom  at  the  door  was  peculiar  to  the  clerk 
of  the  tents,  or  was  generally  entertained, 
I  am  unable  to  say. 

It  was  customary  to  mark  on  letters  the 
day  and  hour  at  which  they  were  receired 
at  each  stage.  Some  marks  of  thu  nature 
are  still  remaining  on  old  letters,  and 
thence  we  are  enabled  to  judge  of  the 
speed  actually  used. 

A  letter  of  Secretary  Cecill  from  his 
house  near  Stamford  to  Sir  Ralph  Sadler 
and  Sir  James  Crofts  at  Berwick,  dated 


*  Sir  Henry  EUis*s  Collection  of  Original  Letters,  third  series,  i.  272. 
f  Ibid,  first  series,  i.  227.  t  Ibid,  third  series,  ii.  284. 

I  Sir  EUlph  Sadler's  Sute  Papers,  i.  305.  ||  Ibid.  294. 

f  Kempt  a  Loselcy  Manuieriptt,  100. 


1  lUi  Sept.  1559,  and  marked  ■'  h>sl,  but. 
hut,  for  liffe,  for  liffr,"  van  received  at 
Ncvrciutle  oa  the  14th,  at  II  a.m.* 

Another  leMer  from  the  SccreWry  lo  Sir 
Ralph  Sadkr,  dated  the  19Cb  Sept.  ISSH, 
written  from  Bnrgbler,  and  marked  "  Hast. 
baat,  hdit,  bait,  for  lieff,  for  liff.  for  ijff," 
atriicd  at  NewcaatlE  on  (he  13th,  at  1(1 
A-H.  and  naa  received  by  Sir  Ralph  at 
Berwick  at  midaight  at  the  aame  dij.f 

A  tetter  to  Sir  Ralph  Sadler  aod  Sir 
James  Croftii  at  Berwick,  from  SecreUrj 
(VeiU,  dated  WeatmlnstBT.  25tli  Not.  1S59, 
■nd  mnrked  "  For  ilff,  lilF,  lilf,"  «a>  re- 
ceived  It  Stiltoo  on  (he  37th  at  6  t-u.,  at 

Newark  on  the  SSth  at  9  a.u.,  at 

on  the  fieth  at  S  p.u..  and  at  Newcastle 
onthelatorDecemberat  II  A.M.;  Wbea 
it  gat  to  Berwick  does  not  appear. 

Thomag  Duke  of  Norfolk  and  othen 
of  the  Council  of  the  North  writing  to 
Secretanr  Cecill,  14lh  Feb.  1559-60  [frcm 
Neweaatle  ?],  apeak  thua  of  an  apparentl)- 
recent  reduction    in    the    wages   of   the 

"We  praj  jou  lo  take  order  that  the 
poats  ma;  use  more  diligence  in  coniej- 
ance  of  the  Queen's  Majealf's  lettres, 
wherein  Ihej  be  very  negligent ;  the  onl; 
rrmedj  whereof  is  to  give  them  their  old 
ordinar]'  wages  of  two  shillingi  per  diem. 
For  nowe  having  but  twelve-pence,  and  ill 
paid  (whereof  thej  mnrh  complajn.  ape- 
cially  the    pnsta   dwelliog   in    thea    north 

E artel),  they  cannot  be  hable  to  keep 
oraea  to  terva  the  torne  ;  and  therefore, 
If  that  be  not  holpen,  yunr  lettres  will 
paaae  with  ilowe  apede."} 

A  letter  from  John  Somer  to  the  Lord 
Treasurer  Burgbley,  2Sth  Jan.  1584-6, 
contains  (he  following  paseage.  at  (o  which 
it  sbould  be  premised  that  by  Mr.  Chan- 
celorii  meant  Sir  Ralph  Sadler,  Cbaaeellor 
of  Oie  Duchf  of  Lancaster,  aod  that  the 
letter  is  from  Tutburj,  to  which  place 
Mary  Queen  of  Scots  bad  jast  been  re- 
tnoveil  from  WiugiGeld  under  the  care  of 
Sir  Ralph  Sadler:— 

"  In  answer  to  ^ur  L,  other  lettrc  to 
me,  Mr,  Chancelor  bath  leyde  a  post  at 
this  place  to  cary  his  packets  <o  Lougb- 
boiongh,  xr.  fowie  miles  hence ;  and  be  ia 
tD  cary  hii  charge  to  Wltham,  xc.  mjlea 
further,  which  is  the  post  and  highwaje 
betwene    Grantham    aod    Stamforde,    by 

packet  from  hence  in  post.    This  is  the 


waye-  Theio  two  poitt  are  paid  iid.  per 
dieiu  a  pcece.  wherwith  be  of  Lough- 
borough is  not  pteasid  hut  Tpon  a  proff 
for  a  while ;  and  he  of  Wilham  lookjlh 
also  for  some  conaydetaoion  for  breaking 
out  of  hia  accustumid  waye,  which  will 
cause  hita  keeptt  one  hcrae  mote,  aa 
Honlson,  oF  Newark,  aaylh  he  did,  and 
fur  allowance  for  that  setuice,  during  our 
being  at  Wingfield,  hath  made  peticion  to 
Mr.  Secretary."|| 

Sir  Ralph  Sadler,  writing  from  Tutbory 
to  the  Lord  Treasurer  on  the  last  day  of 
Feb.  following,  thus  alludes  to  the  poata 
establiahed  by  him  :— 

■•  For  iiii.  uionethes  and  more  I  haue 
borne  (he  bole  charge  of  my  sayde  nombre 
□f  horses,  and  sometynies  of  mo,  aa  occa- 
sion bath  ben  given,  whereof  at  my  retome 
1  will  make  a  iust  and  trew  accompte, 
truating  to  haue  some  reasonable  allow- 
ance oF  the  same,  and  other  charges,  aa  of 
poats  layd  at  Wingfelde  and  Maiinifeldc 
to  Nenarke,  and  now  here  and  at  Lugb- 
boroug  to  Wjtham,  being  the  next  post 
to  Stamforde,  the  chargei  whereof  1  have 
borne  hitherto,  after  the  rate  of  iijt.  iiijd. 
by  the  day,  ever  syns  I  cam  to  Wingfelde  ; 
with  such  other  charges  as  I  haue  aua- 
teyned  in  Ihii  serulce,  towards  (he  which, 
neyther  aibre  nor  syn*  my  comyog  tram 
home,  I  bane  receyuld  one  peny  of  her 

Against  the  wall  on  the  south  aide  nf 
the  church  of  Liltle  Walsingham,  in  Nor- 
folk, is  a  remembrance  for  Robert  Anguish, 
■-  called  the  Foot  Post,"  who  died  1590. 
Hiia  has  "  an  arrow  or  dart,  and  a  snake 
twiited  round  it,"  and  theac  linest 
"  This  emblem  here  ia  set  to  view, 
For  Robert  Anguiah'  sake, 
Hast  with  wisdom  must  iiisew 
A  happy  end  to  make."** 


"  Item,  the  11th  June,  1S88,  paid  the 
fool  post  for  one  month's  wages,  at  6d. 
per  week,  St»."tt 

The  corporation  of  Lynn  R^gis,  Nor- 
folk, established  a  post  to  London  in  1613  ; 
but  the  (allowing  extract  from  or  abstract 
of  the  town  books  does  not  state  whether 
he  was  also  a  foot  poat,  thoagb  I  imagine 


*  Sir  Ralph  Sadler's  Sut«  Papers,  i.  4.17. 
i  Ibid.  139. 

f  Haynea'a  State  Papers,  141. 
It  Sir  Ralph  Sadler's  Srale  Papen,  U.  499. 
**  Blomefield's  Norfolk,  Svo.  edit.  ii.  271 
by  Cotman. 
ff  Diary  of  Waller  Vonge,  Esq.  Introduolioii,  ui 


t  Ibid.  6(». 
%  Ibid. 


■»spondenci  ofSt/tvanwt  Urban. 
was  ■ppoinled 


[Aug. 


"  llil;).     Robl.   Revitt 
pobt  to  Loudon,  and  to  hi 
KHlIirj.  anil  lo  vrar  •  cloth  coat  with  the 
tOHD   arms  Ibereon,  that  he    luiglit   be 
known  to  be  thi;  Lynn  poit."* 

Tbe   Appfndii   to  (ho   Report  of  tUe 
Secret  CommitteR  on  the  PoNl-ofGce  caa- 
taini  a  \itt  of  iJie  (CTsrat  itogiri  tovarda 
Berwick,  lowuds  Uoljrhcid,  nnd  lowiirJs      ^._^ 
Plymouth,  nith  the  wagei  mid  Bllonances     (|,e 


1  pnty 
I.     This 


Kol,    dated    .itb 


Iq  the  Verne  J  Papera  J  are  aomr  cariona 
notei  of  the  proceedinga  of  tbe  Comniiltec 
of  the  House  ot  Cammoni  reapFcting  tbe 
poatniisteti,  4lh,  Bth,  and  Ililb  March, 
1640-1  On  the  IStb  Oct.  16DS.  woa 
read  to  the  Committee  of  the  Couneil  of 
State  for  aellling  the  po&tmaater'a  oFGcei, 
foreign  and  inland,  a  letter  from  Owen 
Rowe  and  William  Robinaon,  oflei' 
10.000/.  (lor 

in  adrance,  for  the  giiat  of  bolli  tbe  said 
oBicet  for  iBTen  yean,  inbjeat  to  certain 
eonditiops  thereunto  annexed,  ithich  were 


"That  llie  management  and  settling  of 
the  posta  to  carry  Inland  and  forreine 
lettera  unto,  from,  and  Milbio  an;  parts 
or  ptacei  under  tbe  GotemmeDl  of  itiia 
Commonweal  III,  may  be  in  the  power  and 
tola  dinpoaal  of  the  farmen;  that  they 
may  take  llie  beit,  tbe  apeedieil.  and 
Ibrifiieil  way  la  urry  them ;  and  tlial  it 
■hall  not  b«  lawful  fur  any  other  p«r*c 


"  fir  fbrrtini  Ltll*ri. 

••  From  Antwerp.  Bruxella,  Gant,  Llile, 
Iprei,  Cortriclc,  and  other  place)  adjacent, 
the  aingle  letter  eight-peace,  double  letter 
one  ibiUing  and  fout-pencc,  and  others  of 
bigger  Yolome  proportionably, 

"From  Amaterdnm,  Roltcrdatn,  the 
Kague,  Dort,  Middlebnrgh,  and  thote 
placet  coming  now  by  tbe  way  of  Antwerp, 

From  Farla  the  single  letter  nine- 
pence,  the  dnnble  letter  eighteen- pence ; 
nil  other  packets  and  bigger  letters  by 
estimation  proportionable  aa  above. 

"  From  lloan  ail- pence  the  aingle  letter, 
twelte-pence  the  double,  and  the  other 
proportionable  at  above. 

"  From  Diepe,  Calait,  Abberiille,  four- 
pence  the  tingle  letter,  propurliooably  the 
albert. 

"FroiD  Bordeaux,  Rocbell,  Nants,  and 

St,  Malocs,  and  otlier  place*. theieaboata, 

tbe  aingle  letter  twelTC-pcnce,  doable  two 

..      shillinga,  and  thrco  ahilllngs  per  ounce  for 

payable  half-yearly     packets  «nd  bigger  lettera. 

'"'  "'  '•""'  ''"  ■"''         ■'  Letters  from  ManeiUea  are  delivered 

at  Lyons  at  Ihe  tame  rate,  and  from  Lyons 

to  London  at  the  lanie  ratea. 

■'  Letters  from  Italy  coinlni;  do  pay, 
being  inclosed  for  Antwerp,  eight-pence 
tlio  aingle  letter ;  but  romlng  from  Venice 
or  any  otbcr  place  diiectly  witboul  enclo- 
tnre,  the  poatiaaaler  of  Antwerp  doth  tax 
them  siiteen-pence :  and,  lieaidea  tbal, 
doth  take  tometimea  three  eliien,  aome- 
timcs  five,  lil,  and  seven  ativera,  for  every 
letter,  according  to  the  bignest  and  re- 
'    be  place  from  whence  they 


ir  pertoir 


I  within  ihe  doml 


iwulth  to 

letler-ofRce  bnt  audi  as  ab'all  be  authoriied 
by  the  said  farmers. 

'■  That  luch  person*  of  approved  faith- 
fulness and  Integrity  lo  this  Common- 
weallh,  aa  (he  formers  under  Iheir  hands 
■od  aealea  shall  licenae,  may  be  allowed  nut 
only  to  carry  the  maili  and  packela,  but 
alto  to  M  pott-horsei  onto  Iravelleit.  and 
requite  aurh  ratei  for  Ibe  tame  as  hate 
been  usual,  lis.  three-pence  per  mile 
ordinary,  and  two- pence  halfpenny  on  the 
ttate't  senice,  and  that  tio  other  may  tide 
post  with  an  horte  bat  auch  aa  tliey  ihall 
V  being  neeeasity  that  tbey 
lany  bones  for  the  tpeedy  and 

uiaui  GoaVFjance  of  the  state  paokel. 

'-  Thai  tbe  ralei  for  carrying  of  letten, 
*    ,  may  ha  those 
lately  taken,  and  no  higher. 


"  Agreed  that  a  lellrr  from  Venice  dull 

pay  the  tingle  letter  nine-prnce  ;  the  like 

-.    ,  .       Ibe  lettera  from  Verona,  Vincenia,  Bre- 

"'  ""■     tera,  and  Bergamo,  both  going  and  coauog. 


nuat  keep  n: 


'  From  Ligome,  Genoa,  Flonmce,  and 
Lucca,  twelve-pence,  if  Ibey  goe  or  come 
frank  lo  the  same  places;  but,  if  they 
cume  or  goe  frank  to  Venice,  nine-pence. 

"  Ftom  Venice,  and  from  Naples  W 
Venice,  nine-pence  i  and  all  other  packet* 
or  bigger  letten  al  two  shillings  and  eight- 
pence  the  ounce  for  Venice. 

"  For  Spain  eighteen -pence  Ihe  single 
letter  going  or  enmlng  from  thence,  or 
four  aLillinga  the  ounce  from  or  In  Madrid. 

■'  Ail  which  are  the  rales  agrMd  upon  hy 
the  merrhaiiti  under  Ihdr  hand*. 
■'  Fbr  hU»i  l^tlm. 

'■  To  and  froni  London,  within  80  milet, 
four  pence  -.  at  farther  diitanra  lii  penee 
for  amgle  lettera ;  fur  double  lettera  and 
packela  ratably. 

"    ■■     ■    1  ungle  letter 


les^ 


Corre*pomdemce  qfSyhpamus  Urban, 


cig^  F<*oe,  devbie  letten  and  |>ackets 
nublj. 

**  FrtM  ad  to  Ireland,  a  sngle  letter 
ei^t  peace,  dodUe  letters  ratably. 

"  In  coossderatioo  that  there  U  a  great 
rent  paid  nnto  the  State  for  the  proffitts  of 
the  said  oftoes,  and  that  it  okay  be  ex> 
pectcd  that  the  said  hrwen  shall  carry  as 
well  the  members  letters  of  thb  Parliament, 
as  the  State  packets  frank :  it  is  hnmbly 
desired  the  said  &rmers  may  hare  the 
benefit  of  the  first  quarter  allowed  them, 
towards  the  settlement  of  their  office,  and 
the  better  enablement  of  them  so  to  doe. 
It  is  also  hnmbly  desired  that  all  those 
that  are  to  send  their  letters  gratis,  for  the 
■errice  of  the  pobliqae,  may  affix  their 
names  and  scales  to  their  letters,  and  that 
a  penalty  may  be  imposed  on  such  as  shall 
presome  to  make  nse  of  this  libertr  for  any 
other  purpose,  therri>y  to  defraud  the  said 
farmers. 

"That  if  any  pablick  impediment  or 
disturbance,  either  at  home  or  abroad, 
shall  hinder  the  farmers  from  carrying 
their  packets  freely,  the  Parliament  or 
Coancell  of  State  wUl  please  to  allow  such 
reasonable  defalcation  of  rent  as  shall  by 
them  be  judged  fit  during  the  time  of  such 
disturbance. 

"  That  a  grant  of  the  post-master^s  office 
and  pririleges,  with  the  full  profits  both  of 
the  inland  and  forreine  letters,  may  be 
made  unto  the  said  farmers  for  seven 
years,  and  settled  by  the  greate  seale  of 
England  at  present,  to  be  confirmed  by 
Act  of  Parliament."* 

Mr.  John  Manley  is  mentioned  as  farmer 
of  the  offices  for  the  postage  of  letters, 
both  foreign  and  inland,  in  the  register  of 
the  Council  of  State,  under  the  date  of 
30th  June,  1653,t  but  the  Appendix  to 
the  Report  from  the  Secret  Committee 
does  not  contain  a  copy  of  an  Act  passed 
2nd  Sept.  1654,  of  which  Scobell  gives 
the  following  brief  abstract : 

"  The  office  of  postage  of  letters,  inland 
and  forein,  granted  to  John  Manley,  of 
London,  esquire,  for  a  term,  under  a  yearly 
rent  and  conditions,  with  severall  powers 
and  priviledges."  X 

The  following  instructions  were  issued 
by  Henry  Lord  Arlington,  postmaster* 
general,  to  Thomas  Jenkins,  appointed 
deputypostmaster  at  Oxford,  30th  April, 
1667. 

**  ImirucHmiM  for  the  teveral  deputy^ 
po$tnuuier9,  from  his  Mqjetty^t  Pott- 
matter-gentraL 

*'  1.  You  shall  keep  sufficient  able  geld- 
ings  or  mares  for  no  other  service  but  for 


157 

the  post  of  the  mail  of  letters  fasaing  to 
and  from  hb  Majesty's  post  oftce  in  the 
dty  of  London,  from  the  stage  at  Oxford 
nnto  the  stage  of  .\biogdon,  to  and  fro, 
and  you  shall  carefully  and  faithfnUy  send 
or  carrr  the  said  mails  to  the  said  several 
stages  three  times  in  every  week  during 
your  continuance  to  be  deputy-postmaster 
of  Oxford  in  the  county  of  Oxoo,  upon  the 
several  days  and  hours  as  die  same  shall 
come  or  be  sent  unto  the  said  several 
stages  for  that  purpose  ;  and  you  shall 
in  like  manner  send  or  carrv  with  all  care, 
diligence,  and  fiuthfulness,  the  said  several 
stages,  all  and  every  such  expresses  as 
shall  come  unto  the  same  to  be  dispatched 
for  his  Majesty's  special  service  ;  and  you 
shall  also  provide  and  maintain  a  sufficient 
number  of  able  mares  or  geldings,  with 
furnitures  for  the  same,  for  the  use  and 
service  of  all  such  posters  as  shall  have 
lawful  warrant  or  commission  to  ride  post 
from  your  said  stage. 

*'  2.  You  shall  cause  all  and  every  such 
servant  as  you  shall  trust  to  ride  with  and 
carry  the  said  mails  and  expresses  the  said 
several  stages,  to  ride  at  least  five  English 
miles,  winter  and  summer,  in  every  hour 
that  he  or  they  shall  ride  or  carry  any  of 
the  said  mails  and  expresses,  and  the  rest 
of  his  time  according  to  that  proportion  of 
speed  ;  and  you  shall  truly  and  exactly 
indorse  upon  a  label  the  hour  and  time  of 
the  night  or  day,  with  the  day  of  the 
month  on  which  every  of  the  said  mails 
and  expresses  shall  come  unto  the  stage  of 
Oxford  ;  and  you  shall  also  enter  the  same 
in  a  book  to  be  kept  by  you  for  that  pur- 
pose  ;  and  yon  shall  have  your  horses  and 
furniture  for  the  carriage  of  the  said  mails 
on  the  respective  days  and  times  in  such 
readiness  and  expectation,  that  you  shall 
not  detain,  stay,  or  delay  any  mail  in  its 
postage  from  the  city  of  London  sbove  one 
quarter  of  an  hour  at  the  most,  neither 
shall  you  stay  or  delay  any  mail  in  its 
postage  unto  the  city  of  London  above  one 
quarter  of  an  hour  at  the  most. 

**  3.  You  shall  employ  only  such  ser- 
vants for  riding  post  to  carry  the  said  maila 
and  expresses,  for  whose  faithfulness,  care, 
and  diligence,  and  riding  with  the  expe- 
dition in  these  instructions  required,  with- 
out stop  or  stay,  saving  by  some  act  of 
God,  or  force,  or  absolute  necessity,  as  you 
will  be  responsible,  and  thereupon  answer 
the  damage  that  may  by  your  servants' 
failure  happen  either  unto  his  Migesty's 
affairs  or  unto  the  Post-office ;  and  you 
shall  employ  none  that  you  are  not  sure  is 
conformable  to  the  discipline  of  the  Church 
of  England. 


*  Grey's  Examination  of  4th  vol.  of  Neal's  Hist  of  the  Puritans,  Appendix,  No.  Ivtii, 
t  Report  of  Secret  Committee ;  Appendix,  p.  71. 
X  Scobell*8  Ordinances,  Part  II.  p.  358. 


158 


Con*etpondence  of  Sylvantts  Urban. 


[Aug. 


"  4.  You  shall  cause  every  one  that  rides 
with  the  said  mails  or  expresses  to  ride 
with  a  horn,  and  to  wind  the  same  at  least 
four  times  in  every  stage,  and  also  upon 
his  riding  through  every  town  or  village, 
and  upon  his  meeting  with  any  passengers 
upon  the  road. 

'*  5.  You  shall  publish  in  your  said  town 
of  Oxford,  and  in  every  market  town  a4ia- 
oent,  from  whence  any  letters  or  packquets 
hath  usually  come  unto  your  said  stage  of 
Oxford  to  be  carried  with  the  said  mails, 
as  also  in  every  other  market  town  from 
whence  you  may  expect  that  letters  and 
packets  may  hereafter  be  brought  unto 
your  stage  to  go  with  the  said  mails  ;  you 
shall  publish  and  proclaim,  at  least  upon 
the  market  days,  in  full  market,  every 
three  months,  the  several  days  of  the  week, 
and  hours  of  the  same  days,  whereupon 
letters  may  and  shall  be  received  at  your 
said  stage  to  be  sent  unto  the  Post-office 
in  the  city  of  London,  or  unto  any  great 
town  or  city  upon  the  post  road,  and  the 
several  days  and  hours  of  the  said  mails 
being  sent  from  your  said  stage  in  its  pas- 
sage to  and  from  the  city  of  London,  and 
the  days  and  times  of  the  returns  of  the 
laid  mails  unto  your  said  stage,  and  also 
the  rate  at  which  letters  shall  be  carried  to 
and  from  your  said  stage,  and  to  and  from 
any  other  city  or  town  upon  the  post  road ; 
and  you  shall  also  publish  that  the  Post- 
office  is  erected  by  his  Majesty  for  the 
benefit  and  ease  of  his  subjects,  in  the 
carrying  and  delivering  of  all  letters  with 
extraordinary  speed  and  safety,  and  that  it 
is  his  Migesty's  pleasure  that  all  letters  of 
speed  should  be  sent  by  the  posts  belonging 
to  that  office. 

*'  6.  You  shall  write  upon  all  such  letters 
as  shall  be  sent  from  your  stage  unto  the 
Post-office  in  London  the  several  due  rates 
for  the  post  of  the  same,  and  you  shall 
bind  the  same  in  several  bundles,  according 
to  the  several  rates  set  for  the  post  thereof 
binding  all  that  are  to  pay  or  have  paid  three 
pence  in  one  bundle,  and  in  like  manner 
binding  together  all  those  of  other  rates ; 
and  you  shall  insert  in  a  small  bill  of  paper 
the  number  of  all  letters  and  packquets 
that  shall  be  from  time  to  time  sent  from 
your  said  stage  unto  the  said  Post* office, 
and  the  rates  of  the  same,  distinctly  ex- 
pretiing  how  many  letters  you  send  at  the 
rate  of  two  pence,  and  how  many  at  the 
rate  of  three  pence,  and  likewise  of  all 
other  rates ;  and  you  shall  insert  in  the 
game  bill  aJl  letters  sent  from  town  to 
town  in  the  road  in  any  by-bag,  with  the 
rates  paid  for  the  same;  and  you  shall 
send  the  said  bill,  subscribed  with  your 
band,  with  every  mail  of  letters,  unto  the 
laid  Post-office. 

**  7.  Your  shall  not  receive  any  letters  or 
packquets  directed  to  any  seaman,  or  to  any 


private  soldier,  or  unto  such  as  have  not 
pUdn,  distinct,  and  certain  directions,  or 
any  such  as  are  directed  to  be  sent  from 
the  Post-office  in  London  unto  other 
places,  unless  you  be  first  paid  for  the 
same,  and  do  charge  the  same  to  your 
accompt  as  paid. 

'*  8.  You  shaU  cause  your  servants  riding 
post  with  the  said  mails  from  time  to  time 
to  render  an  accompt  unto  the  deputy- 
postmaster,  from  the  stage  unto  the  which 
you  shall  appoint  him  to  carry  the  said 
mails,  of  all  letters  received  on  the  road, 
either  paid  for  or  not  paid  for,  and  to 
deliver  the  monies  received  for  any  letters 
or  packquets  unto  the  said  deputy-post- 
master, that  the  whole  number  of  letters 
so  received  may  be  inserted  into  his  bill, 
then  to  be  dispatched  to  the  office ;  and 
you  shall  most  strictly  enjoin  all  your  ser- 
Tants  to  give  the  said  account  truly,  that 
no  letters  paid  for  be  embezzled  or  lost, 
lest  your  bonds  be  sued  upon  any  com- 
plaint that  should  arise  thereupon ;  and 
you  shall  strictly  prosecute  your  said  ser- 
vant upon  any  complaint  of  the  loss  of 
any  letter  delivered  and  paid  for  on  the 
road,  to  have  him  whipped  publicly  for  a 
cheat,  and  you  declare  these  your  resolu- 
tions unto  all  your  servants  before  you 
employ  them  in  the  said  service. 

"  9.  You  shall  cause  all  letters  and 
packquets  to  be  speedily,  without  delay, 
carefully  and  faithfolly  delivered  that  shall 
from  time  to  time  be  sent  unto  your  said 
stage  to  be  dispersed  there,  or  in  the  towns 
and  parts  adjacent,  that  all  persons  receiv- 
ing such  letters  may  have  time  to  send  their 
respective  answers  unto  your  stage  and 
other  place  appointed  by  the  respective 
returns  of  the  said  mails. 

**  10.  You  shall  receive  for  the  post  of  all 
letters  and  packquets  that  shall  be  dispersed 
and  delivered  by  yourself  and  your  ap- 
pointment according  to  the  rate  and  tax 
set  upon  them  ;  and  you  shall  keep  a  true, 
just,  and  exact  accompt  of  all  such  monies 
as  shall  be  received  by  you,  and  by  your 
appointment,  for  the  post  of  all  letters  and 
packquets,  and  also  of  all  by-letters  and 
packquets  whatsoever  that  come  to  and 
from  your  stage  ;  and  at  the  end  of  every 
month  you  shall,  without  further  delay, 
cause  all  such  monies  to  be  paid  into  the 
Post-office  in  the  city  of  London  unto  the 
use  of  the  Postmaster-general  Henry  Lord 
Arlington,  either  by  good  and  allowable 
bills  of  exchange  for  the  same,  payable 
upon  sight,  sent  unto  the  said  office  at  the 
end  of  the  said  month,  or  otherwise. 

^11.  When  any  letters  or  packquets  shall 
at  any  time  happen  to  remain  at  your  said 
stage,  or  any  place  under  your  care  and 
charge  for  the  delivery  of  letters,  you  not 
knowing  to  whom  to  deliver  the  same,  you 
■hall  forthwith  cause  to  be  written  in  a 


1853.] 


Correspondence  of  Syhanue  Urban. 


159 


fidr  theet  of  paper  the  names  of  the  parties 
to  whom  the  same  are  directed,  and  affix 
die  same  upon  yoar  outward  gate  or  door, 
or  upon  aome  public  place  Id  any  other 
town  where  you  are  appointed  to  deliver 
letters,  as  you  shall  see  cause  by  the  direc- 
tion of  the  same,  and  thereby  give  notice 
unto  all  goers  and  comers  that  such  letters 
and  packquets  remain  there  undelivered ; 
and  at  tiie  end  of  every  month  you  shall 
■end  into  the  Post-office  of  London  all 
such  letters  as  shall,  notwithstanding  such 
notice  as  aforesaid,  remain  during  one 
month's  time  neglected,  with  the  reason 
why  the  same  coiUd  not  be  delivered,  that 
a  just  defalcation  may  be  made  unto  you 
for  the  same  upon  your  account. 

**  12.  You  shall  not  without  special  order 
open,  nor  suffer  to  be  opened,  any  mail  or 
bag  of  letters  whatsoever  that  shall  pass 
▼our  said  stage,  saving  such  only  as  shall 
be  sent  unto  yon  with  letters  to  be  deli- 
vered and  dispersed,  either  at  your  said 
stage,  or  in  the  parts  and  branches  of  the 
post  road  adjacent,  and  saving  the  by-bag 
for  the  putting  in  letters  taken  up  upon 
the  road  by  those  that  shall  ride  with  the 
said  mails. 

"13.  You  shall  attend  the  service  of 
deputy  post-master  of  your  stage  in  your 
own  person,  unless  very  urgent  necessary 
occasions  shall  call  you  for  some  smaU 
time  or  times  only  to  be  absent,  and  at 
every  such  time  you  shall  appoint  some 
trusty  and  discreet  person  to  supply  your 
place,  for  whose  care  and  faithfulness  you 
shall  be  responsible,  that  no  neglect  or 
failure  may  happen,  either  in  the  speedy 
passing  of  the  said  mails,  or  in  the  deUvery 
of  letters,  or  in  any  other  thing  concern- 
ing the  said  service. 

"14.  You  shall  to  the  utmost  of  your 
ability  and  skill,  by  all  lawful  ways  and 
means,  promote  the  King's  majesty's  ser- 
vice, and  the  benefit  and  advantage  of 
Henry  Lord  Arlington,  Postmaster-gene- 
ral of  the  said  Post-office,  in  your  place  of 
deputy-postmaster  of  your  said  stage  of 
Oxford ;  and  you  shall  from  time  to  time 
observe  to  execute  all  such  other  rules, 
orders,  directions,  and  instructions  in  and 
concerning  the  management  of  your  said 
place  of  deputy-postmaster,  as  you  shall 
receive  from  the  said  Henry  Lord  Arling- 
ton, Postmaster-general,  his  executora, 
deputy,  and  assigns ;  and  you  shall  quietly 
submit  and  render  up  your  said  place  as 
forfeited  if  any  unfaithfulness  be  proved 
against  you  in  the  execution  thereof,  not- 
withstanding any  agreement  whatsoever 
between  the  said  Henry  Lord  Arlington, 
Postmaster-general,  and  you  at  the  entry 


iikto  your  said  place  of  deputy-postmas- 
ter."* 

It  is  particularly  observable  with  respect 
to  these  instructions  that  the  mails  and 
expresses  were  to  be  carried  at  the  rate  of 
live  miles  an  hour ;  that  the  postmaster 
was  to  employ  none  that  he  was  not  sure 
was  conformable  to  the  discipline  of  the 
Church  of  England ;  and  that  his  servants 
were,  for  the  loss  and  embezzlement  of 
paid  letters,  to  be  whipped  publicly,  as 
cheats.  The  5th  article,  requiring  procla- 
mations in  market  towns,  is  also  curious. 

The  Autobiography  of  Sir  John  Bram- 
ston  contains  the  following  passage  re- 
lative to  robberies  of  the  mul : — 

*'  At  the  last  assises  for  Essex  there 
was  100/.  damages  recouered  against  the 
hundred  of  Becontrie,  vpon  a  roberie  eom- 
mitted  there,  which  gaue  occasion  to  the 
grand  jury  to  present,  as  a  greuiance,  the 
conueyinge  great  sums  of  monie  in  the 
post  mailes,  which,  if  taken  by  theines, 
might  vndoe  the  countie,  at  least  hundred, 
where  it  was  taken.  The  judge,  which 
was  Lord  Chief  Justice  Jones,  told  them 
it  was  not  in  his  power  to  help  them,  but 
aduitted  that  the  Lord  Treasurer  and  the 
Master  of  the  Post-office  should  be  at- 
tended. The  grand  jury  ordered  Mr. 
William  Herries  (sollicitor  for  the  county) 
to  write  to  me  (for  I  was  not  at  the  as- 
sises) to  attend  the  Lord  Treasurer  ;  but, 
they  haueing  not  giuen  me  sufficient  in- 
formation, I  forbore  vntill  I  had  better  in 
some  perticulars  I  mentioned  in  my  letter. 
I  confess  I  did  not  vnderstand  whether 
the  monie  went  from  London,  or  came 
thither;  but  yet,  meeting  with  Mr.  Frowde, 
who  mannages  the  Post-office,  I  told  him 
the  storie  more  at  large  then  I  had  by 
letter  on  the  first  information.  He  told 
me  that  the  Jewes  often-tymes  would  send 
monie  rather  in  specie  then  by  bills  of 
exchange,  and  that  they  could  not  help  it, 
and  wisht  me  to  acquaint  the  Lord  Trea- 
surer, which  I  did  instantly,  who  sayde 
he  would  speake  with  Mr.  Frowd,  and  bid 
me  doe  soe.  I  told  his  Lordship  I  had, 
and  that  Mr.  Frowd  owned  the  thinge, 
but  sayde  he  could  not  helpe  it ;  I  replyed, 
the  mailes  goinge  by  day,  as  they  con- 
stantly did  when  they  caried  monie,  the 
hundred  where  it  was  taken  would  be 
ruined.  '  What,'  says  he,  *  you  would 
haue  them  goe  by  night .''  '  Aye,  my 
lord,'  sayd  I,  *  for  then  we  are  safe.'  He 
laught  hartilie,  and  sayd  he  would  speake 
with  Frowd,  and  take  order  in  it  lliat 
very  night,  about  tenn  of  clock,  the  maile 
was  robb'd,  and  5000/.  sterling,  in  foreigne 
golde,  coyned  and   vncoyued,  taken  by 


*  Sannders's  Reports,  ii.  405—409. 


160                        Cot*i'espondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban,  [Aug. 

two  men  from  two  poat-boyes  who  caried  plentiful  an  hanrest  as  they  ooaldi  lo  kmg 

the  mailes.     Since,  one  of  the  principalis  as  the  war  lasted.    Withal,  they  were  not 

and  the  setter  are  taken,  and  halfe  the  wanting  to  use  all  indirect  means  to  min 

monie  recouered."*  such  of  their  officers,  or  others,  that  de- 

By  the  last  assizes  for  Essex  appear  to  tected  the  crimes, 

be  meant  the  Lent  assizes,  1684-5.  *<  All  these  matters  relating  to  the  Com- 

A  letter  to  a  country  gentleman  setting  missioners  of  the  Post-office  were  long 

forth  the  cause  of  the  decay  and  ruin  of  since  published  in  print,  by  divers  hands, 

trade  (London,  4to,  1698),  contains  the  wherein  a  more  large  and  ample  account 

following    summary  of   serious    charges*  has  been  given  of  them;  and  they  were 

against  the  head  authorities  of  the  Post-  dedicated  and  presented  to  our  late  repre- 

office.  sentatives  in   rarliament,  who   took  no 

*'  The  Commissioners  of  the  Post-office  more  notice  thereof  than  if  these  things 

appear  to  have  as  much  contributed  to-  had  been  acted  and  done  in  the  Great 

wards  the  ruin  of  their  country  as  any  Mogul's  country.* 'f 

persons  living,  having  all  along  supported  The  joint  Postmasters-general  at  this 

their  officers  in  all  their  evil  actions,  as  period  were  Sir  Robert  Cotton,  Kt.,  M.P. 

corresponding  with  knowne  Papists,  and  for  Newport  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  and  Sir 

others    disafiTected    to    the    government,  Thomas  Frankland,  Bart  M.P.  for  Hey- 

stopping  the  King*8  mail,  breaking  open  don  in  Yorkshire,  and  these,  I  suppose, 

persons   of    quality^s  letters,   all    along  are  those  whom  the  pamphleteer  desig- 

countenancing  and  sapporting  a  smug-  nates  the  Commissioners  of  the  Post-office, 

gling  trade,  by  bringing  in  the  mail,  and  C.  H.  Cooper. 

otberways,  vast  quantities  of  Flanders  lace,  Cambridge t 

&c. ;  being  resolved,  it  seems,  to  make  as  5M  JWy,  1853. 

A  Peep  at  the  Library  op  Chichester  Cathedral. 

Mr.  Urban, — As  one  of  the  assembled  been  considerately  placed  upon  the  table 
archsBologists  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  I  for  the  inspection  of  our  company.  Only 
was  among  the  throng  which  followed  the  one  of  these  was  a  manuscript,  in  which 
stepsof  Professor  Willis  through  the"  long-  had  been  recently  inserted  a  descriptive 
drawn  aisles  of  Chichester  cathedral,**  on  the  paper  of  its  contents,  written  by  Mr. 
13th  July,  and  had  the  gratification  to  hear  W.  H.  Black,  Deputy-Keeper  of  Public 
his  lucid  explanations  of  its  architectural  Records.  The  book  consists  of  several 
style  and  confttruction,andhis  very  interest-  ancient  commentaries  on  the  Holy  Scrip- 
ing  development  of  the  changes  which  were  tures,  apparently  of  no  great  present  inte- 
drawn  over  the  face  of  its  original  design  rest,  except  as  a  specimen  of  the  writing 
by  the  results  of  a  disastrous  fire.  At  the  of  the  13th  century, 
dose  of  the  Professor *s  observations  his  A  "  Missale  ad  usum  Sarum,"  undated, 
auditors  were  admitted  into  the  Library  of  but  printed  at  Paris  by  Francis  Regnault, 
the  Dean  and  Chapter,  which  now  occu-  has  this  line  written  on  the  top  of  its  title- 
pies  the  Lady  Chapel  at  the  eastern  ex  •  page  : — 

tremily  of  the  church.  «*  thy,  ^^^t  cost  iiji.  uijrf.  at  the  syne 

It  is  approached  by  an  ante-chapel  or  ^f^^  y^^  ^  ^^y^^y 

vestibule,  having  a  vaulted  roof,  which  is  a  «.  ^i.    «    «.    r  ..u 

painted  ^ith   spreading  and    interlacing  ^*  *»*«  ^^*  ^^  ''^^  »™«  WSP- 

flowers,  and  in  one  angle,  on  the  north-  "  m  40  1555  p'l'  3'.  G**.** 

east  side,  is  a  scroll  bearing  this  inscrip-  There  was  also  exhibited  a  book  which 

tion  :   iBanm  makStH  man.   the  well-  once  belonged  to  the  library  of  Archbishop 

known  motto  of  William  of  Wykeham,  Cranmer,  as  shewn  by  his  autograph  at 

bishop  of  Winchester.    This  is  a  relic  of  the  top  of  the  title-page : — 

the  painting  with  which  the  ;raulting  of  CJowaf  CantlWr. 

the  cathedral  was  decorated  by    Bishop  ^•.-          „ 

Sherburne,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.:  «  ^'  ^^  *  ^^P^  **^  l^o^Xn,  Hermanni,  &c. 

He  had  been  educated  at  Winchester  and  Episcopi  Coloniensis,  Deliberatio,  printed 

New  College,  and  *•  retained  through  life  •^  Bon°' »»  ^'o-  1 '»'*5.     A  subsequent  pot- 

an  affection  for  those  celebrated  semina-  MMor  was— 

ries.'*§  ^^'  WUliamt, 

Several  volumes  considered  to  be  among  whose  autograph  is  also  on  the  title-page, 

the  greatest  curiosities  of  the  library  had  and  who  also  arrived  to  the  episcopal  dig- 

*  Autobiography  of  Sir  John  Bramston,  pp.  224,  225. 
t  Harleian  Miscellany,  ed.  Malham,  x.  304. 

X  DaUaway's  Chichester,  p.  Wl.  %  Ibid.  p.  C9. 
7 


i85a.] 


■esponrlence  ofSylvo 


nitf,  being  advanced  to  the  see  of  Chiches-  "  Thy»  bokc  M'  Pelypher  bKth  getc  lo 
Ur  in  1696,  aad  b<r  bim  tbe  book  oib  the  icholl  of  Watlsoll  wfan  io  tbe  2  ud  a 
placed  in  iU  preieot  repository,  ai  ii  ihCKn     jere  of  the  ruyoe  of  Pliillippe  and  Marft 


by  Ihe  folia 

Hnnc  librnm  Reverendus  admadura 

in  Chriato  Pots r  Johannes  Epiioopua 

Ciceitrcnais  D.  Donarit  Huic  Bibtiothecn 

AudoD"  nOCi. 

Another  book  placed  on  the  table,  ncopj 

oftbo  RelicjuiK  SpelmannianK,  Oir.  1S9S, 

fol..  bad  an  intcription  in   a   bold    hand 

obieh  *t  the  lime  I  presumed  to  be  that 

of  tbe  IraasUtor  of  Caudca's  UritaDDia : — 

EdiQuadua  Uibioa,  S.T.P. 

Revarendiisimo  Domino 

Thorns 

Canluariensi  Archiepiscopo 

a  Sacria  Damealicia 

BibUothecB  Ciceatrensi 

D.D. 

Anno  170S. 
Dr,  GibioD  wu  it  tbe  date  of  thia  do- 
nUioa  Dot  odIj  Domestic  Chaplain  to 
Arehbiihop  Teniaon,  aa  atated  in  the  in- 
■criptian,  but  alio  Precentor  of  ChicliBater, 
which  dignity  he  held  from  1703  to  1707. 
Taming  to  tbe  shelvei,  I  happened  casu- 
ally to  open  a  book  which  contained  the 
following  itill  more  interesting  epigraph 

in  the  same  twndwritinj,  tut  which  1  now 
hesitate  to  nuribe  to  Bishop  Gibson  : — 

Samuel  Pearson  Generaaiu 
Nalns  apud  Newark  in  agro  Nottingham, 
per  Qnadraginta  et  plarea  annoii  EcuJeaiB 

Orgsniita  Celeberremna  ^lic) 
Ipse  pen*  aepluagennriua 

Senen  hihiria 
Aormo  et  Corpora  Taleos 


OBiciam  snum  qnotidie  et  liele  eiercBu 
Omoibus  chorus 
Calendia  ipiis  Januariia  Auui  1715 
Bibliotheea  Cicetlrenai 
Hoc  et  alia  Volumioa 
D.D, 
PJara  Pollicitu;. 
Tbe  volume  wliich  contains  this  te< 
pleasing  Iribule  to  the  veteran  orgaoist 
■  copy  of  Bishop  Babington'a  Worki 
folio,  1693.     May  I  aak  ohelhtr  anythiog 
further  is  known  of  Samuel  Pi 
whether  he  has  any  epitaph  in  or  aboal 
tbe  cathedral  church  ? 

A  copy  of  Tirgil.  "  Impreuum  pei 
Jacobu  Zscbon  pedemoataQfi  Venetiia  ca. 
recter^.  Sub  anno  domiui  .1499.  die  .<!, 
Deoemhria."  once  belonged  to  the  gram- 
mar-Bcbool  at  Watsal  in  Staffordshire,  ai 
aptwara  bythelwofollowinginscrlptionB: — 


kynge  and  quen'  of  england  waa  ci 
acbollm''  of  the  sayd  town',  tbe  usewherof 
he  wyllithe  tbe  schoUm'  for  tbe  tyme  beyng 

"This  booke  waa  giicn  for  tbe  luB  of 
poore  Scholers  of  Walsall  by  that  letncd 
Father  M'  Petipher." 

At  what  time  Mr.  Petipher's  bei]nest 
wu  lost  (a  hit  sohaol  there  is  nolbiug  to 
show  ;  the  names  of  ■'  Pet.  Langlon  "  and 
"  Aug.  Day  "  on  the  (itst  page  are  perhaps 


n  another  book—it  is  a  copy  of  Ste- 

nuB  BysantiDus,   Lugd.  Btt.  1688,  I 

d  thii  inacriplion : 

BibliothecK 

D.D. 

Matthiaa  Ciceatrensis 

Cui  dehemna 

tantum  utilem,  elegantera,  et  sump- 

Librorum  oopiani 

Scd  et  ipiam  magna  ex  paite 
Bibliotliecam 

Tbe  bishop  here  named  was  Dr.Maltliiaa 
Mawgon.  It  appears  from  Dallnway'a 
History  of  Chichester  (p.  126)  that  the 
upper  part  of  the  Lady  Chapel  was  fitted 
up  as  a  Library,  at  tbe  expense  of  Biahop 
Mawson  and  tbe  Dtao  and  Chapter,  shortly 
lilt  of  tbe  Richmoad  family 


had  been  formed  in 


elo« 


was  done  in  1750.  Mr.  Dallaway's  account 
of  the  library  ia  as  foUowi ;—"  There  is 
Bu  ample  and  well  cboaen  collection  of 
divinity,  canon  law,  English  chronicles, 
books  of  hiiloricsLl  reference,  Greek  and 
Roman  antiquities,  early  editiona  of  the 
classics,  medaliic  history,  and  biography, 
which  were  selected  principally  by  W. 
Cbirke,  residentiiiry,witb  manyaubsequent 
additions."  The  Rev.  William  Clarke 
(tbe  grandfather  of  Dr.  E.  D.  Clarke  the 
traveller)  was  Canon  and  CiiaDocllor  of 
Chicheitcr,  and  in  some  anecdote*  of  him 
communicated  to  Dr.  Kippia  by  Mr  Htj, 
tUDg  ley  (to  which  Mr.  DnlUway  refers),  BisboA  ^ 
and  M a wBon 'a  liberality  and  the  donation*  h^ 
other  i^ersona  are  attributed  to  '  '  _ 
suasion;  and  it  ia  added  that,  "by  bit 
constant  and  liberal  attention  to  thu  fi- 
voutite  object,  be  raised  an  in  considerable 
and  neglected  collection  of  books  into  a  very 
useful  and  respectable  pubUc  library."  * 

Tbe  last  result  of  my  hasty  glance  at 
tbe  Library  abelvea  wm  to  notice  a  quarto 


See  NichDli's  LiteraiT  Anecdotu,  toL  It.  p.  303. 
...Vol.  XI.  .J,     , 


162 


Cort-nspondeHce  ofSylvanua  Urban. 


[Aug. 


volume  lettered  on  tba  iiaxk  with  tbe  Before  I  conclude  I  m«y  add  tbat  u 
single  word  poEMs.  It  proved  to  be  an  intcreiting  memorial  of  Haylef  is  now  in 
uiemlilage  o!  vsriotu  early  produutiom  the  poBseation  of  Mr.  William  Hajler 
of  the  poet  ilnjlij,  which,  according  to  Muon  the  boakieller  of  Chichnter.  It 
tbe  practice  of  hii  day,  were  printed  in  ia  ua  uniformly  bound  set,  of  the  irortia  of 
the  form  of  quarto  pamphlet!,  and  it  Voltaire  In  ninety-tno  volumca,  idiI  of 
bore  Ibii  iucription  ia  the  author't  hand-  thoae  of  Hou«ieau  in  thirty  Tolumes,  which 
irritiDf:—  were  bouglit  at  Hayley'a  ■alein  Feb.  1831. 

To  They    ham   aioce   been   the    property   of 

another  gentleman,  who  proiided  iheax 
with  the  neat  eboniied  abelves  which  are 
now  specially  devoted  to  their  reception, 
and  after  bia  death  they  returned  into  the 
handa  of  Mr.  Mason. 


Tbe  Library 

of  Chichester  Cathedral 

aa  ■  amaJ  Memorial  of  Gratitudi 

ftir  the  Use  of  many  valnablc  Bool 

Thia  Volume  is  preaenled  by  its  aut 

1762. 

Tbii  Chui 


You™.  & 


ABCBA01,DDICr8. 


mThm 


-Itb 


la  the  Chr ill's 


Mr.  Urban,— Bishop  Herbert  bid  the 
lint  stone  of  Norwich  Cathedral  in  1096, 
and  dedicated  it  to  the  Holy  and  Undi- 
vided Trinity  j  he  alio  built  the  adjoining 
Monaatery,  and  placed  a  prior  and  sixty 
monks  therein,  and  removed  the  sec  from 
Thetford. 

Wo)  there  ■  convent  and  church  eiiating 
an  tbe  spot  prior  to  Herbert's  foundation  ? 

The  Domesday  iDrvef  Ktates  that  "  13 
bnrgeseea  held  the  church  of  the  Holy 
Trinity  in  the  time  of  king  Edward,"  and 
at  the  time  oflbcBurvvy  "  the  biibop  held 
it  of  the  gift  of  king  William."  Blome- 
field  tbinka  this  relates  to  the  church  of 
St.  John,  of  Maddermarket.  which  bad  a 
double  dedication.  None  of  the  cathedral 
doeumenia  which  baie  yet  seen  tbe  light, 
nor  do  the  corporation  records,  give  anyin- 
formation  on  this  matter;  and  tiie  general 
Impression  has  been  that  HerbertV  wu 
the  lirat  church  upon  the  spot. 

But  ]ngn1phns,lnhiB  Chnmicle  of  Croy- 
land,  make*  the  eitraordioary  statement 
that  Herbert,  on  his  initsUatian  there  in 
1076  {?0  yean  before  the  foundation  of 
Narwleh  cathedral). found  100  monks  from 
■       ■-  roffssi"  as  they 


leaves  of  Mr.  Kemble't  "Codex  Diplo- 
mtUicos  .£vi  Saionici,"  1  met  with  Uie 
wilt  of  one  Sifled,  made  "  when  he  went 
over  Ibe  sea.*'  I  have,  nnfonnnately,  no 
note  of  the  volume  or  the  page,  and,  as 
our  Nanrich  Libraries  have  no  copy  of 
(hat  valuable  work,  t  am  onable  now  to 
nivo  tbvm.  My  notg  uf  tbe  will  italea 
that  he  gave  "the  tuaklrk  of  Marlfng- 
ford  5  oervt  of  land,  a  loft,  9  acrea  of 
meadow,    and    t6    waynegong   to    wnde. 

*  The  will  la  without  date,  bnt  Mr.  Kemble  has  placed  It  vrith  other  docaalwU 
eirt»  lOSO.     Il  ia  Us  No.  941,  vol.  iv.  p.  3»3.-~KM. 

t  Rf-  Cui.  AtduL  NoTT,  p.  61.  I  B«p.  Cook,  ArcU.  Nor*,  p.  tS. 


Mar 

This  most  he  the  a 
Church  of  Ingnlphaa. 
much  further  back.* 

Sir  Francis  Palgrave  and  other  late  his- 
torians have  drawn  attention  to  the  en- 
daring  character  of  Saion  habita  and  cus- 
toms and  namea  amoogat  the  lower  cUasei 
in  this  country,  and  we  have  an  Inalancs 
of  it  here.  We  have  seen  Herbert's  dedl- 
citiaa  of  the  catbedn!  to  the  Uolj  Triniqr, 
and  in  the  wills  of  the  higher  classes  be- 
qneata  to  it  are  constantly  made  under  that 
name,  but  in  (be  wills  of  the  lower  cla«M 
we  continuaUy  meet,  up  to  the  tine  of  the 
Reformation,  with  auchbeqnesta  as  these: 

"Ttaomaa  WaUoke,t  citiiea  of  Nor- 
wich, I52S. 

■■  Item,  to  the  Mother  Chirche,  that 
is,  to  Criatia  Cbircbe  in  Norwiche, 
I  beqaethe  lijd." 

"John  Slolwortbyt  the  eider,  Little 
Praniham,  i!il9. 

"  Item,  to  the  sustentac'on  of  Crilt'f 
Chirche  in  Norwiche,  xijd." 

In  the  accounts  of  tbe  Company  of  St. 
George,  in  the  Archives  of  tbe  Corpiira- 
tiou,  we  bare  sach  entries  aa  tbe  follow- 

'■  12  Henry  Vlll.  paid  to  Ij.  monks  of 
Crysl's  Cbyrohe,  for  using  of  ther  aubjra 
[albej]  ija." 

And  in  tbe  Seosiona  Book  «th  Edward 
VL  one  Robt.  OwnlVey,  a  talkative  fellow, 
whose  tongue  leemt  always  to  be  getting 
him  into  mischief,  "did  cum  to  tbe  shoopa 
windown  of  on  Itabt.  Sporrell,  and  ther 
the  sayol  Robl.  Ownfrcy  sayed  into  me 
Hobl.  Sporrell,  that  Mr.  Cburcbe  wanlen* 
hade  lo  mycbe  hast  for  to  have  down  the 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  (/rbatt. 


Ha>d< 

cathedral 
dedioated 


St  Ci7»te  Chjrehe  ther  yi  non 
in  the  qneer  for  by  cause  Ihit 
me  ;■  the  hedo  comya^cr," 
»  it  happen  that  in  the  Ifith 
:  have  comtanl  refereocM 
It  Chrial'i  Cliarcli  when  It  m 
a  1(19(1  to  thfl  Holy  Trinity  ? 


163 

tt  molt  be  that  the  memorj  of  the  older 
fouodatiou  auiriTcd  among  the  maiBes  of 
the  people,  and  that  this  Chriit'i  Church 
of  the  Sa^ion  will  and  of  logulphuB' 
the  chronicle  was  the  predcceiior  of  the 
■plendid  edifice  of  Bialiop  Herbert. 


3,  &c.    Hac 


Y   HaBI 


E     RkV.  WtLLIl 

Mb.   Ubbak,— III  TCDturiDg 


lome  iccDuni  of  the  Re<.  William  Smith, 
Rector  of  Melsmiby  (1704-1735),  ns  I 
hare  no  meaoi  of  access  to  Dr.  BUia'a 
edition  of  tbe  Athenie  Oxonieaies,*  I 
cannot  be  aare  that  I  have  not  been  anti- 
cipated; aeTerthelejE,  I  am  inclined  to 
tMDk  tliat  tbe  fullowlng  parliculars  may 
not  be  altogether  devoid  of  inltreat  to  tbe 
readen  of  the  Oentleiasn's  Magazine. 

Mr.  Smith  was  the  eon  of  IVilliam 
Smith,  gent,  of  Easbj.  near  Richmond, 
by  Anne  his  wife,  daughter  of  Francis 
uiyton,  esq.  of  Rawden,  wiio  had  been 
Mailer  of  the  Jewel  House  in  the  reign  of 
Charles  I.  and  married  Margaret,  daughter 
of  Sir  Hugh  Brown,  knight,  dtiien  of 
London. 

He  was  born  about  the  year  lliSO,  and 
ID  all  probability  troiild  receive  hia  early 
educalioo  at  the  nBlghhouring  grammar 
(Chool  of  Richmond.  In  1G6S  he  was  re- 
moTcd  to  University  College,  Oxford, 
where,  after  taking  the  degree  of  M.A.,  he 
(oeceeded  in  obtaining  a  fellowship,  and 
daring  a  long  residence  conlinued  to  take 
■D  active  part  in  the  aflalra  of  the  society. 

He  was  a  most  devoted  student  of  anti- 
qnity.  Ue  not  only  copied  or  made  ab< 
■tracts  of  alt  the  deeds  and  choilers  in  the 
treasury  of  his  own  college,  but  also  bod 
the  privilege  (and  it  «ai,  he  tells  us,  a 
hiour  seldom  granted)  of  examining  the 
arehitet  of  the  uniTertiCy  deposited  in  the 
Schools'  Tower,  whereby  he  became  ac- 
qnalnled  with  many  parliculars  connected 
with  tbe  early  hiltory  of  Oiford,  and 
acquired  a  wonderful  ftdlity  in  decipher- 
ing and  interpreting  ancient  writinga,  such 
U  papal  bulla,  royal  charters,  Sict 

After  having  been  more  than  twelve 
ftan  Senior  Peltow,  and  having  more  than 
once  tvfoaml  the  Masteraliip,  he  was  pre- 
aanted  by  the  college  lo  the  Rectory  of 
Mebonby.  ia  ibe  county  of  YorV,  a  living 
of  which  ihey  bad  recently  purchased  lUe 
ndvowaoa.  It  may  be  mentionrJ  aa  ■ 
ciuioui  circnmstaoce  that,  for  some  reaioD 


or  other,  probably  owing  to  some  infold 
mality  in  the  proceedings  on  the  first  occ 
sion,  he  wai  twice  indacted,  via.  in  Oi 
22,  1704,  and  June  23,  1706.  At  a  con- 
siderable expense  be  built  a  reotory-houae 
for  hiaiself  and  his  successors,  and  during 
his  long  incumbency  he  aeema  to  have 
been  punctual  in  the  discliarge  of  his  pro- 
fessional duties.  He  waa  in  the  habit  of 
mabiog  the  usual  entries  in  the  psriiih  re- 

K'aler  booha  in  Latin.  From  the  foUow- 
g,  which  may  serve  aa  a  apecimea  of  his 
latinity,  it  will  he  seen  that  the  Kector  of 
Melsonby  kept  a  piur  of  carriage  hones  : 
"  Memorandum  quod  nemo  parochiano- 
rum  meorum  obiit,  a  quo  mihi  Hector! 
mortuarium  erat  debitum,  ante  mortem 
Robert;  Ixioch,  cnjua  mortuarium  a  me 
remissum  sivc  donaCum  erat  bpcredi  suo 
WiUielmo  Looch  in  graliam  duoruni  equo- 
rum  rhedariorum  in  meos  uius  emptorum 
per  enndem  Willielmum  Looch  anno  quo 
pnedictuB  Robertas  Loocb  fato  eessil 
nempe  a"  1713." 

Though  living  in  so  retired  a  locality, 
Mr.  Smith  conSnued  to  Ube  an  interett 
in  his  favourite  iludies,  and  maintained  a 
friendly  correspondenoe  with  literary  men. 
Thoresby  in  hia  Ducatua  Leodiensis,  and 
Bourne  in  bia  History  of  Newcastle,  ac- 
Icnowledge  themselvea  indebted  to  him  for 
some  valuable  comma  oi  cations ;  and  In 
the  aecond  volume  of  the  Tboresby  Cor- 
reapoadence,  at  pp.  IG-l-lSS,  193,  27!), 
will  be  found  letters  written  bj  bim.  In 
the  first  of  these,  in  answer  la  Thoreiby'a 
inquiries,  he  give  a  cnnoas  account  of  hia 
MS.  collections  relative  to  University  Col. 
lege,  and  defends  its  claim  of  precedence, 
owing  to  priority  of  foundation,  over  [be 
other  colleges,  especially  Msrton  College, 
lu  opposition  to  Anthony  Wood,  to  whose 
general  fidelity  and  accuracy,  however,  be 
hears  his  testimony,  whilst  pointing  ont 
one  or  two  faults  he  has  committed. 

In  li!7,  being  then  77  years  of  age, 
and  labouring  under  great  weakness  and 
inlirmity  of  body,  h«  completed,  and  in 

of 


4 


t  No  less  than  twenty- 
N  auffldeni  proof  of  the  writ 
■todies  and  jiursuilt — were  some  years  ago 
Ltmdun  by  Mr.  Allan,  of  Blockwetl  Grange, 


volumes  of  his  MS.  collections  relating  to  Oiford — 
wearied  itidnstry  and  ardent  devotion  to  archieotogical 

nteJ  to  the  Society  of  Antiquarin  ot 

Darlington. 


the  fallowing  ynr  publishtd  *t  Ncncude- 
oD-TTne,  on  Bto.  lolame,  now  scarce, 
entitled  "  The  Aaiuii  of  Uniienity  Col- 
lege. proTJng  Williim  of  Dorhsm  the  true 
fODniler,  and  snairerine  all  their  objec- 
tioTU  who  Btcribe  it  to  King  Alfred."  It 
wu  the  disputed  electiuD  to  tbe  masterabip 
on  the  death  of  Dr.  Arlhar  Charlet.  and 
the  lubseqnenl  trial  in  (he  Court  of  King's 
Bench,  that  occuinned  thii  pablication. 
Hointaining  thai  William  of  Dnrham  was 
tbe  original  fonndcr,  he  labonrs  (a  proie 
that  CoDvocalion  ere  the  tme  Viiiiora. 
Though  thia  work  displajs  mncb  learning 
■od  reaearcbi  and  reveala  a  vast  deal  of 
corioui  hiatorj,  yet  it  would  not  appear 
to  have  settled  the  question,  for  tbe  college 
■till  daimi  to  be  a  royal  foundation,  and 
on  that  account  has  tbe  Queen  for  it* Visitor. 
Tbe  printing  of  tbe  book  drew  down  apon 
tia  author  tbe  lerere  censure  of  his  con- 
porarj,  the  celebrated  Tom  Hearae, 
I,  though  on  n  former  occasion  be  bad 
I  made  honoorable  mention  of  him  as  "  Tir 
pvremditui  et  beneroluc,"  look  tbe  oppor- 
tnniljr  of  characterising  him  in  tbe  prnTace 
to  Richard  II.  ai  "  Scriptor  ille  firreus 
■tqno  mendai."  "  Kkc,"  aayi  he,  "in 
gntiam  Oulielmi  Fabri  ecclcsiie  AuglicanK 
(quod  vii  credas)  •scerdotia  qui  multum 
temporis  in  isto  nno,  soil,  antiqnitatia  itodio 
connimpsit  nuperque  Jim  pcne  ocCoge- 
nariiia  librum  proliium  (the  Aonab  of 
Unirertity  College)  vetba  band  aads  apto 
■ppelUtnm  lingua  Temacula  conscripait, 
ne  dican  conscribillarit  ct  in  publicum 
protruiit."  (Vid-PrcrioHearne'iVindi- 
ciUonoftheJaron,ed<te(lbTBilson,n3l.) 
The  change*  in  the  weight  and  value  of 
money  was  a  mbjeRt  that  bad  long  at- 
tncted  Mr.  Smith's  notice,  and  he  in- 
ttndod  writing  a  tnatiae  thereupon,  had 
he  not  been  anticipated  by  the  author  of 
Chrouicon  Predotuio  (Bishop  Fleetwood), 
who,  he  ibinki,  would  bate  done  better  if 
be  had  entitled  hia  book,  Chronicon  Pre- 
tiorum.  "  I  do  not  know,"  he  write!  to 
Thoresbjr,  "whether,  excepting  hia  private 
eompotui  be  somelimei  mentiani,  he  has 
onn  quotation  that  1  bad  not  by  me  before, 
■nd  [  believe  that  1  have  doable  the 
anmbcr  that  are  to  be  found  in  his  book  ; 
and  wbeieas  his  aie  all  or  most  of  tbem 
Uutatice*  when  corn  was  dear  or  cheap. 
Riloe  are  many  a*  ihef  occurred  acci- 
daDtallf  and  are  moii  full  where  he  is 
most  Bcant;,  1  man  in  the  reigns  of 
Henry  VIII.  and  Queen  Eliiabetb." 
In  1729,  another  Hvo.  volame,  itill  per- 

GoDHAHHAM  AKD 

Mk.  UaBAH.—The  editor  of  Bedc'i 
Works  (just  published  as  the  2nd  part  of 
lb*  flrat  volnnie  of  tbe  Church  Historian* 
of  RngUud,  ftft  379)  ilatct  tlie  ume  at 


than  the  Annala,  iasned 
from  the  Newcistle  press  with  the  follow- 
ing title,  "  Litem:  dc  Re  Nammaria.  in 
opposition  to  tbe  common  opinion  that 
tio  Roman  denarii  were  oevet  larger  tblU 
s-~en  in  an  onoce,  with  some  remarks  on 
Dr.  Arbutbnot's  Book  and  Tables,  and 
some  other  miscellaniES  relating  to  Hie 
same  subject,  by  the  salbor  of  the  Annala 
of  University  College."  This  work,  which 
cooiiil!  partly  of  letters  that  passed  be- 
tween the  writer  and  his  friend  the  anti- 
quary  of  Leeds,  shows  a  considerable 
emount  of  ioformation  on  a  curious  sub- 
ject, derived  from  the  study  uf  such  writers 
as  Budnus,  Gronorius,  Eiaenicbmid,  Btc. 
Mr.  Smith  died  at  an  advanced  age  in 
1T35  i  and  in  the  barial  register  of  Mel- 
soDby  occurs  the  following  entry  :  "  The 
Rev,  Mr.  Smith,  Rector,  buried  j*  6th  of 
December.''  By  bis  wife  Mary,  relict  of 
Gerard  Langbaine,  author  of  an  Account 
of  the  English  DramatisU,  and  son  of 
Gerard  Langbaioe,  D.D.,  Prooost  of 
Queen's  College,  he  does  not  appear  to 
have  left  any  family.  She  was  buried  at 
Melaooby,   May  S.   1734  ;    her  husband 

degree  of  ■aliafaclion  that  ihe  was  a  great- 
niece  of  Chillingworth.  Tbe  Rev.  Tboa. 
Smith,  sometime  chaplain  to  tbe  English 
fartory  al  Smyrna  (though  it  WM  not  be 
but  anotlier  of  tbe  same  name  who  wrote 
B  book  on  the  state  of  the  Greek  Church), 
and  afterwards  Vicar  of  Brignal  in  York- 
abire  (1695-1707),  was  a  brother  of  the 
Rector  of  Melaooby.  The  marriage  of 
Anne  Smith,  daughter  of  the  Vieu  of 
Brignal,  in  thus  recorded  by  her  uncle  in 
the  Meltonby  register.  "  Un«  nuptiae 
hoc  anno  hic  celeb rstz  inter  Job" 
Emeraon  Rectorem  de  Middleton  in 
comitatu  Duoetmensi  et  Annam  Smith 
consauguineam  Will'  Smith  Recloris  hujus 
etclesir  23"  Aprilia  1730."  In  179ti 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Zouch  of  Sandal,  after- 
warda  Prebendary  of  Durham,  who  had 
married  [labclla,  daogbter  of  Hr.  and 
Mrs.  Emerson,  presented  to  the  tlien 
Rector  of  Melsonby  a  portrait  of  Mr. 
Smith,  with  a  request  that  it  might  con- 
tinue as  an  heirloom  in  tbe  rectory  honae. 
In  conclasion.  it  is  pleasing  to  obaerve 
that  there  still  remain  at  Eashy  soma 
almahouoe*  creeled  by  Mr.  Smith  in  ITW, 
when  he  was  la  hi*  i-IIai  ye*r,  to  tcatify 
the  affectionate  regard  ha  entertained  for 
the  place  of  his  birth. 

Youra,  &c.        E.  U.A. 

Lo  NOES  BO  HO  tl  0  H . 

Godmanham  to  signify  "  (be  residence  of 
the  protection  of  the  God*."  Your  able 
contributor,  Mr.  Wright,  in  yoar  Jut; 
number,  pifo  17.  mor«  amply  and  cor- 


1853.] 


Cunttpondetic*  of  f>t//vanus  Urban. 


ttedj  *titM  it  to  tigaitj  the  ham  of  the  the  amolce  ot  Hull  tram  the  eye  of  a  tpee 

ttmHj  of  QadmiiDd,  a  derivKtion   coQ'  tatar  on  the  terrace  at  Londeaborougb : 

Grm^,  a*  I  remember,  bj  the  opinion  or  if  gutobe  be  traced,  it  it  probablj  trom 

the  IaIg  biitoriBD  of  Wballef  and  CriWD.  gome  steamer  piling  on  the  Hnmber. 

Tbe  charch  at  Godmanbam  does  :taad  The  maoslun  bauae  at  Londeaborough 

on  "  a  kind  of  tump  of  ground;''  and  if  wu  ip&iHous ;  when    ocuuion   reqaired, 

Mr.  Wright  had  extended  hia  "  waoder-  ssreoty  beda  could  be  made  op  within  '"- 


e  found  this  "  kind  of 
tamp  "  to  be  a  feature  in  thn  lites  of 
village  churches  in  the  locality.  Mr. 
Roach  Smith's  chamcter  of  the  earth- 
worki  on  the  aonth  of  the  villn^  aa  old 
chalk  pil9.  marka  tbe  cautious  aud  prac- 
tiaed  antiqnaryi  for  there  aeems  to  be 
little  doubt  that  tbe  charchyard  at  God- 
manfanm  is  the  aile  of  tbe  pagan  temple. 
Tbe  old  font,  mentioned  by  Mr.  Wright, 
la  probably  coeial  with  the  masaiTc  tower 
of  the  church.     Mr.  Wright  might  have 

aucceeded  by  i 


The  older  and  main  portion 
fabric  WHS  traditinnally  aaaigned  to  tba  J 
ClilfoTda.  Tbe  north  pari  waa  added  bj  ■ 
Lord  Burlington,  the  MBCcnai  of  hia  daf, 
at  whose  boapilable  board  Pope  and  Gar- 
rick  and  other  literati  of  the  age  were 
boipilably  entertained.  Tba  aienne  named 
by  Mr.  Wrigbt  (but  procaediog  la  ■ 
atraigbt  line  from  Thorpe-io -the- Street 
rather  than  from  Sbipton,  and  through 
eitensiVD  paitures  rather  than  throngh  th« 
park,  la  the  drest-groundi  and  lite  of  the 
lale  hauAe,)  nac  guggeited  by  Garrick,  and 


3  decorate 


tifnl  late  Perpendicular  font  of  Ihe  age  of     ao  planted  as  to  represent  the  side  si 
Henry  Vlil.  which 

Hr,  Wriglil'a  con 
tilla  may  have  been 


I  have  seen  the  amall  portion  of  road 
wbich  Drake  considered  to  be  Roman,  >ad 
vrLich  was  again  brought  to  light  on  the 
drying  ap  of  the  Urge  ahaet  of  water  la 
Londeabarough  Park,  and  had  its  direc- 
tion pointed  out  at  the  time  by  an  old 
member  of  tbe  Knowlton  family,  who  re- 
membered its  discovery  when  he  waa  ■ 
"coins  and  other  aotiqaicies  frequently  boy.  Not  more  than  two  years  since,  I 
(oDud  in  the  Tillage,  girdeas,  and  park,''  believe,  this  road  mi  traced  bj  bo  in- 
Ihongh  an  old  resident  in  the  neigbbour-  telligsnt  member  of  the  Ordnance  Survey 
hood,  I  hale  heard  little,  if  anything.  i<f  to  Hugatej  nbcre  he  supposed  he  dia- 
iHch  discDveriea.  In  that  respect,  Londei-     covered  a   Roman   camp,  and  where  he 


borough  widely  differs  from  both  Brough  obtained  possession  of  si 

and  Market  Weighton ;  on  apirticulartite  at  that  villnge,  which 

reapectively  near  each   of  wbich  places  man. 
Roman  coins  are  constantly  found.    The         Jain  12/*,  1853. 
wold  bills,  1  believe,  must  effecluallj'  hide 


e  relics  found 


ElTBACTS    r 


i  RsaifiTEB  Books  c 


Hali 


Mb.  UsBAN.—Tlie  following  eitracls  not   worse   thsn   that  of  the  surround- 

from  the  register  books  of  the  parish  of  ing  district,  or  perhaps  of  Ihe  country  at 

Halifax  were  made  by  my  friend  the  Rev.  large.     Among  many  brutal  episode*  it  is 

J.  B.  Reade,   when  serving  Ihe  office  of  gratifying,  howeser,  to  perceive  that  the 

curate  about  twenty  years  ago.    They  were  "  good  deed  in  a  nanghty  world"  was  at 

chiefly  writlen  by  John  Fsvour.  LL.D.  who  times  conspicuous,  and  Ihat  in  the  midst 

was  Viosr  of  Halifax  in  Ihe  reigns  of  Elian-  of  such  turbulent  and  violent  spirits  there 

beth  and  James  the  First.  were  some  tbe  tenor  of  wboac  lives  was 

He  appeals  to  have  been  very  observant  Tirlnona  and  peaceful. 
of  the  bad  qualities  of  his  r  ., .     ...  . 


«  may  hirly  belieie  that  he  recorded 
them  with  grief.  Drunkenneia  was  a  vice 
which  it  seems  was  lamentably  prevalent. 
The  nnmber  ot  homicides  is  startling,  hut 
the  parish  was  large,  and  tbe  general  state 
of  morals  in  Halifax,  at  tbe  period  to 
which  these  entries  rGtate,  was  probably 


juig  4,  less. 


■  Dee.  a-.   Robt.  Wade,  Soarby,* 


a  etch  entry,  tliose  of  the  hamlets  ot 


166 


Corrmpmidme9  €f  S^kMmm  Orham, 


CAt«. 


5lili.u' 
4  Kb.  paap'iboi  en* 


dedit  ScMft, 
30  lib.  In 


"  1596. 

"Jul  18«.  John  Edw.  Nortfaend,^ 
North,  in  sbrieute  cofbiins  tb  Bbrio 
CQgMto  tap  Jacobo  (Hdfidd. 

"  Dec.  10^.  An  infimt  fcmnd  dend  on 
HaL  more. 


.£258 
.  2  9  10 
.  04  10  0 
.068 


dedH  ct  legnnt  nebolc  Rimat*  Tietrint* 
deHnL 

"Jumuij  13*.  John  Michel,  HaL 
■hr loons,  inter  pocnla  p^;uHie  cofbcsns 
et  traeidotni  eoL 

«<  Feb.  7*.  Michael  Waterhooae,  20  £ 
piia  nsibas  tertunento  l^garit 


i« 


•*1599. 
Malta  25*.   Daniel  AnbMiy  Dbon.f 


"  Makinge  j*  pnlpit   . 
For  mendinge  j*  bells 
To  J*  dark     .    .    . 
For  a  oom'n  book    . 


u 


"  1596. 
24*.  William  Kinge,  Skir. 
M.  This  WiU^  King  was  a  swearar, 
drinker,  and  a  niost  filthy  adnlterer. 
AnMmg  others  he  kept  long  one  Dorothy 
Bffigg,  a  widow,  in  whose  boose  and  yard 
ho  was  stricken  with  sodden  dsathe  His 
kit  words  were  oaths  and  coi 


"  1597. 

•"JmnH  1 7^  laabdnd.  Richaidi  CoM\ma. 
Thb  Richard  Commons  was  an  Irishman, 
by  oecapstion  a  goldsmith,  a  coounon 
drankard,  and  a  blasphemer  of  God's 
holy  name.  When  he  had  qient  all  he 
eovld  make,  he  sett  ffre  to  strawe  in  the 
lower  roome  of  his  hooae,  and  hanged 
hteaelf  in  the  middest  Thus  desperatdy 
ho  died.  Bnt  by  God's  mercyfhll  proTi^ 
dflnm  the  straw  took  not  lyre,  and  so  both 
hotaa  and  the  towne  were  preaerfed  w^ 
ho  pnrposed  tobnm. 

"  Octob.  13*.  Edward  Thomas  al's 
Haukston,  com  ebrias  easet  ab  eqno 
eeddit  et  coUu  fregit  p*pe  cnicem  miU 
Uare  inTentns  est. 

^  Dacebris  8*.  Bapt.  Joannes  filins  Jo- 
aonis  FsToris  LL.D.  Vicsrii  de  Haii£u, 
md  fyt  natos  30°  Norebris,  inter  boras 
5*  et  sexta  ate  merid.  Baptis.  8*  Deceb. 
lepoL  IP  einsde. 

"  Mar.  5«.  Us.  Georg.  Boolton,  Skir. 
This  George  Bonlton  was  a  com'on  drn- 
kard  and  a  lecher.  Hee  soldo  his  land, 
dranke  it,  fledde  j*  c'ntry,  and  was  slayne. 

••  1598. 

"  Decebris  4^.  A  ma  child  about  the 
age  of  12  years  drowned  in  the  Cbalder 
agaynst  the  Dorth  Br. 

"  Dccembris  26^  Will'm  Ratclif,  Ore- 
dS,  subiunia  morte  oorreptos  in  |dateis 
com  eacharistiam  snscipisiet. 

"Deccmbris  29«.  GUbcrt  Saltonstal, 
Hq>p.  40f.  in  peconiis,  20f.  aa''ai  redifq' 


Soar.    D.  Diaon  gladio  dam 
Boqnarentvr  in  sbrietate  snbito  peremptns 

««Maitn  S6*.  James  Kmge,  Skinsot 
Ja.  Kinge  asitia,  pncificns,  aleemosynis 
deditos  schols  gram'at*  ricar'  de  Halifiuc 
qniqne  librss  testam^o  legaTit. 

**  JnnU  8«.  A  chiU  who  no  mi  knewe 
fooBdinSheUl 

"  Aprilis  18.  John  Bnerstow  impina  at 
tnmnfentas  intar  pocnla  ah  Henrico  Water- 
honae  iri>rioao  caltaUo  tranafoosos  et  tmd- 
datasest. 

"  Octobris  3<».  Edward  Hnrst,  HaL  co 
pndlam  stnpraaaet  redactna  ad  insanii 
novem  Tolneribos  cnltello  inflictia  aeipai 
miiere  tmcidaTit. 

"Deoeb.  13«.  Rich.  Rich.  Sharpe 
Chald.  flnni  impetn  snffocatos. 

**Feb.5«.  Aithnr  Oldfield  waa  fbmicnt. 
at  pocnlis  deditns  snbitanea  BMNte  inter 
pooda  oorreptna,  interiit. 

••  Martu  12».  D'na  Anne  Ijbcj  Tid.  Jo. 
Lacye  de  Briarley  Armig.  tanma  Talde 
pia  at  religioaa,  Deo  et  honainibna  dilecta. 
Svpra  octagcnaria. 

"1600. 

<«  Mau  30».  Richard  Whitaker,  Skir. 
Yix  Talde  pins  et  rdigioans. 

*' Angosti  28^.  John  Longbodia,  North. 
Vir  Tere  pins  et  religiosns  qniqne  libras 
scholse  grimat  testameto  legarit,  alia 
opera  aancta  prestidt. 

"  Deceb.  1^  John  PUUnge,  a  moat 
wicked  and  incorrigible  drukard,  died 
miserably  in  want* 

**  Janoarii  \9^.  Gregory  Mich,  Panlde, 
an  arrit  bjrpochriticall  roge,  HaL 

'*  Martii  19".  Jo.  Watmonghe  de  Thorn- 
ton, hygbe  custable,  a  kynd  neyghbor. 

"  1601. 

••  Mail  2».  Henry  Edward  Gibaont 
ebriosns  Blasphe:  sortiarins  perditns.  HaL 

'« Angnst  23*.  Nnpt  Henry  lilcheU 
and  Elixab.  Grare.  This  qneane  had  5 
bastards  before  she  wedd. 

"1608. 
'*  April  5^  Bapt    Jenet  [danghter  of] 


*  In  this  and  other  cases  where  there  is  more  than  one  Christian  name,  the  meaning 
is  evidently  John,  ion  o^  Edward  Northend,  &c. 
^  ij$,  Daniel,  son  of  Anthony  Dison. 
^enry,  son  of  Edward  Gibson. 


18530 


Correspondmve  ofSylvanua  Urban. 


Mich.  Nicoliaa,  War.  mi  Sartli  FareniiUc, 
a  bijnde  woman  j'  hith  bad  4  buUrdi. 

"  Hmii  21°.  Francis  Brian  Snipe* 
North,  qui  trucidatiu  fait  a  Jonane  Grea- 
field,  Janiorc,  bom'  neq'  et  perdito  et 
Titiii  inqainituunmo. 

"Joniiafi".  Sara  [daughter  of]  John 
Fearsiufde,  blende,  hid  ^ve  basCarde,  b 
moft  damiiable  vlcknl  queane. 

"  Septsb.  9°.  Ricbsrd  [«ob  of]  Bobl. 
Earle,  North.  A  tewd  youth  ilajne  in  a 
ooal  pi(t 

"  Deceh.  17.  Adhh  NormBn,  Neptis 
Joaanii  Faiaria  dc  Halifu  vicaiii,  qan  ut 
pie  Tiill,  its  lanctisiioie  donniiit  in  D'ao. 
Teatameoto  legaiit  piia  uaibos  ii">.  Halif. 
The  laid  A  una  Nonnin  gave  oleo  to  t^ntj 
.  .  .  .  ip  the  Tiearidgo  5*.  beayde  thai  is"'., 
w'  xi".  being  remitted  to  the  diieretion 
of  her  ancle,  »bo  was  her  eiecutor  \  he 
diitribuled  at  her  death  •llii.  He  made 
Uw  paw  io  tiiediBncelt  forwonDe  church'', 
w'  cost  4Gi.  He  kept  a  blende  woman,  at 
bet  rtquwti  I>  or  6  year*,  and  gaie  j}*. 
unto  Tho.  Birke,  hor  dosain  Germi,  j'  hod 
neiiher  biher  nor  mother  livinge. 

"Februarti  2°.  Vid.  Robt.  Boathe, 
temina  pia  an'oril  fere  92.     Ovend. 

"  Pehmrij  2".  John  Longhothft,  Soar. 
Thia  waa  a  co'mo  driikard,  wrote  [i.  », 
vroaght  or  worked]  in  y'  morninge.  iput 
in  y*  afteraooDe  in  dnnkinge,  and  died 
wddely  eit  night. 

"  Marlii  12".  Henry  Magaoa,  Ovend. 
U.  MagaOD,  a  co'mo  drfikard,  brake  hia 
neck,  beingc  druke   in   the  nyght  at  a 

"  1602. 
"  Martll  94°.  Hgju>  raeaaie  Martii  e 
tiria  eloeEut  aereniai.  Regina  Elliabetha 
bora  tertfa  ate  meridiana.  38°  deaUDCiatui 
nt  Jacobiu  Primna  Rei  Ang.  Fra.  et 
Uibem.  hora  4*  posl  merid.  apod  Halifax. 
Rei  Jacobus  moritur  Mart.  2lj,  16^a. 

"  April  4°.  Jndith  [daughter  of]  John 
Feircayde.  Halifax.  This  wu  a  whore 
and  had  2  baitardi. 

"AntilZO".  Thom'aWUliinioD,0«£d^. 
Thii  Thom'a  wag  a  great  whorem'  in  hia 
yontb  and  boaited  of  it  in  his  last  Bickness, 
whereof  be  died . 

"JdsU  18'.  Richard  Nicol,  South, 
an'ori  90.  Vir  boneilui  et  pins  V"  vidit 
fiUo*  e3cionatorei  eruditoi. 

"JulUal*.  Buit.  Mar;  [daughler  of] 
WiU'm  Sundifle,  an  old  adnltorer  of  80 
years  ot  age,  and  Grace  Caatill  al'a  Alio. 
aoD,  a  baitard  herself. 

"Pebruuril  29*.     Inf.  AuoK  Ingham, 


her  rliild,  but  being  an  idiot  WW  Cor«ed  ^,1 

a  ilranger  in  tlie  feitd.  \ 

"  Martii  5".    John  Stocks,  North.  lM<  I 

an'orii.     9°  John  Denton,  Hal.  drui—-'        ■ 

"  1606. 
"Jan,  10°.    Joannes  llamar  ae 
jugulaiit  in  Soarby,  dei^imo  Janoarii. 

'■  1607. 
"Jan.  7".    John  Barstowe,  Nortbhrin, 
ebrioBos  et  inconigibilis,  ipopina  et  sabi- 
tanea  morte  peremptoa- 

"Jan.  It".  Brian  Crowlher,  Hall. 
legatit  ccholtt  gram'at.  vicar,  de  Halifax 
viginti  Ilbras  et  paaperibub  ejuidem  Tills 
dece  tibraa  an'ui  redditas  ei  domitiio  aivg 
cnanena  de  A  in  comitatu  Eboril  lA   i 

perpetuu.  This  Brian  Crowther,  bcjydeft.i 
that  III"  annnitye  giren  to  j'  acholo  au  1 
^oor  of  Halifai,  he  gave  x*'  in  presMit  J 
money  to  be  distHbuted  to  the  poor  iiili>'ff 
loediatcly  after  bis  death,  iDoreoveriiiii]'*j 
to  those  that  presenllji  werf  "-  ' " '  ■— ""^ 
his  servants,  divera  good 
poore  kiasfotke,  »'  s-year 
vrought  hia  clothes,  and  to 
children  iij*  and  liij''  a-yeiir. 

"  1613. 

■'  Jan.    84".       Vid.     Brian    (Jroirthar,  L 
Hal.  Fmmina  eleemosynis  dedita.     lUi,  L 
Jane  Crawtlier,  of  the  KnuiDgwaysof  ttift  J 
Orer  Brea  in  Northow,  gace  to  good  DM 
by  her  last  will  g  "*  for  ever  by  yenre  for 
ackoolm'  to  teacb  the  poore 
Halif.  tber  cateebisme  end  t 
money  to  be  It^nt  to  poore  fol 
poor  children,  txtP'  to  three  p 
per  an'ii  to  Mr.  Boy*  the  present  pi 
daring  his  ahoad.     She  gave  to  her  poora 
mayd  eervaat  part  of  her  goods  and  i'^  in 
money.     She  with  her  aiater  Helen  Hop- 
hinton  bought  y'  soyle  and  hnilt  the  almea 
bousei  ne.\t  the  church  for  20  poor  widuwea. 
She  gaie  to  Jo.  Favour,  vicar  of  Haltfai, 


tmit. 


praya 


and  made  I 


i  God.   1 


le  of  111 
ony  good  deeds  in  her 
cue  wee  or  all  bound  to 
I  ever  make  nt  Ihakftil, 


"  Jolii  27-.     Edward  Denton,  Worlq-,  ' 
cum  A  concione  in  cnpel.  de  Loddingden 
domS  rcvertit  aubilanea  morie  correptns 
obiit  ante  bora  una  elspsi. 

'-  NoTib.  1T°-  GiUa  Cawhearde,  Skire, 
and  8°  John  Parkinson,  Hal,  w(rc  com'S 
drSkardg,  who,  mlalakinge  y  prearbi'  y' 
denuneed  God's  jndgemet  agaynat  wilfol 
ubslinat  sinners,  aware  greivouaoatbee  that 
they  came  to  the  church  to  be  blessed  and 


mtea  of'lhe  Month. 


[Aug. 


. 


come  to  tbe  chnreli  ■gSTne.    Thii  thej' 
bluphcmcd  the  5'^  of  Febniar;  and  botb 
fell  preiently  ack,  «nil  nerer  came  to  tbe 
church  but  Ic  be  burfcd. 
"  1610. 

"Hiii   11°.     John   Booth,   Oiidf,   tir 
valde  teliiiotiu  cl  intcgernmK  TiUe. 
"Ifill. 

"  Feb.  7°-    Jeremy  W»lerUoiue.  Hal. 
lAirinnu,  impioi,  prohnui. 

"March  1S°.  jDanDMLBcy.GeQ. South, 
potator  prodigal. 

■■1612. 

"  April  27°.    John   Northeod,  implua, 
homicida,  abrVMOs,  impenitena ad  mortem. 

"  Mail  Z8°.     George  RUej,  impiiu,  pm- 
[iiiiu,  adnlter,  interpocalagnbitsDcainorte 

*' November  C"  iitiui  mensL! 
MOrti  nobiliu'  ct  magniE  epe 
Hcnncoa  Jacobi  Reg.  serenij 
gcojtui,  Princ.  WalliK. 


Buccubuit 

Rich.  Nlcoli,  Hali- 
te, al*a  Anna  Broadlcj,  temina  piiiaima, 
magna  lam  cognitioiie  in  *acrl>  Utcria  turn 
charitate  ia  paopero  prwlita. 
■'  1GI4. 
"Jan.  13°.     Napt.EdDioadBalU,UaI. 
■Bd  Gnoe  LoDgbottom.      Grace   Long' 
tottom  WM  ID  inramoute  whurc  ;  bad  • 
bHtard*  in  ber  widdawbood. 
"Jan.  24".   Antony  Maod,  .SoOEr.  Was 
pilioiue,      blupheming.    incorrigiblF 


Died  drunke  in  a  drill  of     Halilai  ii 
of  Jan.  forhisinc 

'a  Hobiatoo,  Hal.    A     houa  wai  i 
irry  religiooae,  xeatouic,  honest  old  man  ; 
not  able  to  read,  yet  Tcry  ready  in  the 
Seriptnrea,  with   prompt    uie    and  appli- 
cation «a  I  hiTC  heard  any  witbout  leamiug. 


minister  deColey,  Tir  bonus  ct  concionalor 
ditigenlissiina!,  Art.  Mag." 

[tlcre  we  come  (a  the  end  of  IbeeatrUi 
made  by  Dr.  Favour,] 

•■16S3. 

"  Octob«r,  Memorandum  that  I,  John 
Thompton,  Ma'  of  Arts,  "aa  elected  and 
appointed  curate  at  Eland,  hy  Henry 
Ramaden,  vicar  of  Halifax,  by  nbom  I  wti 
allowed  and  authorised  to  receiie  tbe  lur- 
plice  fees  at  bnryallB.  marriagct,  ilenioga. 
He.  growing  and  arising  wilbin  y"  said 
chapeilry,  upon  condition  that  the  r«t  of 
tbe  inhabitanta,  not  uiually  reiorted  to 
Divine  senice  lo  Kland.  would  make  up 
the  aforesaid  sum  fourty  pounds  by  yeare 
or  thereabout),  so  as  there  might  be  a  con- 
venient maintenance  for  an  able  and  inge- 

A  NoTi  taken  ont  of  a  book  of  Richard 
Harrison-a  of  Wbeatley,  written  by  tbe 
hand  of  John  Waterhoui  of  Shibdeo,  a' 
1566,  who  tome  time  was  Lord  of  tin 
Manor  of  Halibi. 

"  NoTi.—There  ia  in  Halifax  Ihi*  year, 
lj66,  of  bonaeholdera  y'  keep  Area  and 
answer  M'  Ticar  and  hit  fannen  at  datiea 
as  bonieholders  twenty-sii  score  and  tioe 
more,  as  I  am  credibly  informed ;  and  tbe 
time  of  John  Waterhoua,  lately  of  Halifax, 
deeeaud,  who  died  it  Caadtemu  !6  yan 

ago.  at  hia  death  being  t«ry  neare  100 
yean  of  age,  1  trow  3  yean  under,  and 
when  he  ttaa  a  child  there  were  bnt  In 


boua  was  a  child  of  the  age  of  G  or  7  yeare* 
wai  the  steeple  of  Halifai  church  begun 
to  be  bnilded.  and  be  and  uMoy  mor* 
children  sloodo  on  the  tirst  atone  of  ttte 
steeple  ;  it  was  xi.  yeut  in  buihUng." 
[If  this  tradition  be  correct,  the  «c«ple 
Jrmny    Gibaon,     wu  commenced  about  14ii0.] 


NOTES  OP  THE  MONTH. 
tba  Aidmlogtcal  InMKMe  al  Ckli:tnrter-The  ArehHlccical  At 
Ufuv  —  CoDiataailoal  at  1 
and  CamiitMfle—SclKol  oT  t>eri(n  al  Bomtaj—Hoaa- 


DWiocUaDa-  EcrpUaa  ' 

Ficnm  rdKisit  Oj  FriisUdan  at  ft*  Art 
--  I>r.  Bavlrc]^  Llbnrjr  -  Kapnloa 

■■iftarxifllniwtM-BpDa-Tfa*. 
Colliogwood  Brace  and  Ur.  Clajloa,  of 
Newcastle- upon-Tyne.  who  followed  up 
the  taluable  seriirts  which  they  last  year 
rendered  in  Ibeir  own  locality,  by  repair- 
ing  to  the  SoDthem  Coast,  and  deliTttlBg 
the  moil  elo(|uent  and  pertinent  iddteatu 
that  were  heard  at  any  of  tbe  confitlal 
meetings.  Dbjectlon  ha*  bean  mad*  by 
■ooM  of  oitr  GOBtauiporartM  la  the  diaptaf 


Tb«  liwtlng  of  tbe  Abcxolooical 

biariTVTK   AT   CntcaasTKB   haa    been 

KMlvbialtd  with  gnat  giatilicatioa  to  thoae 

"»war«  able  ts  join  it.  ibongb  it  was, 

imerunaly   attended    hy 

a  distant  paru  o(  the  coun- 

tiy  Ihaii  aowe    of   Ita    precBnota.      A 

goodly  aaeeptioa,  bowcrer,  to   IhU   ra- 

SMrii  «•»  afforded  bj  tb«  yiaiicu  «f  Dr. 


1853.] 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


169 


of  namei  ia  the  Programmes  of  these  an- 
nual meetings,  in  the  guise  of  patronagei 
which  to  all  appearance  ends  in  such  pro- 
fessions only.  We  think  ourselves  that 
there  has  been  somewhat  too  much  of 
this :  but  the  circumstances  which  more 
especially  direct  attention  to  it  at  the  pre- 
sent time  appear  to  arise  from  an  involun- 
tary  comparison  of  the  cordial  and  sump- 
tuous  entertainment  of  the  Institute  last 
year  by  the  Duke  of  Northnmberlandf 
with  the  non-appearance  and  inhospitable 
demeanour  of  the  Dukes  of  Norfolk  and 
Richmond,  the  assumed  Patrons  of  1853. 
It  is  plain  that  the  Duke  of  Norfolk, 
though,  as  Hereditary  Earl  Marshal,  he 
should  be  foremost  among  the  encou- 
ragers  of  the  English  Antiquary,  was  not 
actuated  by  any  sympathy  for  the  objects 
of  this  Archfeological  meeting.  Although 
Arundel  Castle  has  for  many  years  been 
regarded  as  a  show  house,  he  intimated 
that  it  was  at  present  *' under  repair," 
and  no  admission  could  be  given.  The 
Duke  of  Richmond  was  not  so  ungracious 
as  this.  Whilst  he  did  not  favour  any  of 
the  m^tings  with  his  presence,  nor  enter- 
tain  the  assemblage  with  the  munificent 
hospitality  which  was  exhibited  last  year 
at  Alnwick,  he  threw  his  mansion  open  to 
their  inspection,  and  sent  to  their  Museum 
many  articles  of  great  curiosity,  and  some 
interesting  historical  manuscripts.  While, 
therefore,  we  regret  that  he  should  not 
have  made  some  exertion  (notwithstand- 
ing the  death  of  a  distant  relative  *)  to 
meet  the  Society  personally,  we  must  not 
be  insensible  to  the  favours  which  he  ac- 
tually conferred.  At  the  same  time  we 
quite  agree  in  the  remark  that  a  scientific 
body  of  the  standing  of  the  Archaeological 
Institute  should  esteem  itself  superior  to 
receiving  adventitious  honours  except 
such  as  are  founded  on  claims  kindred 
with  its  own :  and  that  the  parade  of 
empty  names,  not  followed  by  the  actual 
presence  of  the  persons  so  announced,  is 
more  likely  to  create  disappointment  than 
to  promote  its  success. 

We  have  proceeded  with  our  report  of 
this  meeting  in  our  present  Magazine  so 
far  as  our  space  and  means  of  information 
extend:  andshaU  record  in  our  next  number 
the  transactions  of  the  last  two  days. 

Later  in  the  month  the  annual  meeting 
of  the  Arek€foloffieal  Association  has  been 
held  at  Rochester  and  its  vicinity,  of 
which  we  shall  not  fail  to  give  some  account. 

The  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Susses 
Arckitologieal  Society  took  place  during 
the  Chichester  week,  and  the  Music  Room 

*  The  death  of  the  Marchioness  of 
Anglesea  was  alleged  as  the  cause  of  his 


Gknt.  Mao,  Vol.  XL. 


at  Goodwood  was  conceded  for  the  pur- 
pose. Mr.  Blaauw,  its  indefatigable  pro- 
moter,  had  that  day  the  satisfaction  of 
announcing  that  it  had  achieved  the  num- 
ber of  613  members.  The  first  volume 
of  its  Transactions  is  now  being  reprinted 
to  complete  sets :  the  sixth  volume  having 
been  recently  completed.  We  are  grati- 
fied to  find  it  announced  in  the  Annual 
Report  that  the  Trustees  of  the  British 
Museum  have  restored  to  the  local  mu- 
seum at  Lewes  some  architectural  frag- 
ments of  Lewes  Priory,  which  had  been 
carried  off  by  the  late  Dr.  Mantell.  Such 
relics  have  their  greatest  interest  in  their 
own  localities :  and  we  trust  it  is  an  au- 
gury that  the  Roman  Pavements  at  Big- 
nor,  which  it  has  been  contempUited  to 
bring  to  the  British  Museum,  but  which 
could  not  be  removed  without  great  diffi- 
culty and  risk,  and  consequent  expense, 
may  still  be  preserved  to  their  own  county 
and  their  own  beautiful  locality,  which 
tells  so  much  for  the  taste  of  the  Roman 
subjugators  of  Britain  in  their  apprecia- 
tion of  the  beauties  of  nature  as  well  as 
those  of  art. 

Mr.  W.  Hayley  Mason,  of  Chichester, 
bookseller,  has  undertaken  the  publication 
of  a  volume  which  will  contain  the  more 
important  architectural  contributions  to 
the  Chichester  meeting:  1.  The  Archi- 
tectural History  of  Chichester  Cathedral, 
by  the  Rev.  R.Willis,  M.A.  F.R.S.  Jack- 
sonian  Professor;  2.  The  Architectural 
History  of  Boxgrove  Priory,  by  the  Rev. 
J.  L.  Petit,  M.A.  F.S.A. ;  3.  The  Archi- 
tectural History  of  New  Shoreham  Abbey 
Church,  by  Edmund  Sharpe,  Esq.  M.A. ; 
4.  The  Church  Architecture  of  the  County 
of  Sussex,  by  Edmund  Sharpe,  Esq.  M.A. 
The  volume  is  to  be  printed  in  royal 
quarto,  price  30s, 

The  present  Lord  Mayor  of  London 
has  distinguished  his  year  of  office  by  a 
series  of  three  Conversazioni  at  the  Man- 
sion House.  The  first  was  given  more 
especially  to  the  Scientific  world :  the 
second  to  the  masters  and  mistresses  of 
the  public  schools  of  the  metropolis  and 
its  neighbourhood,  including  Foundation, 
National,  British  and  Foreign,  and  even 
Ragged  Schools :  the  third  to  the  repre- 
sentatives of  Literature  and  Art.  For  the 
last,  which  took  place  on  the  14th  of  July, 
nearly  three  thousand  invitations  were 
issued;  and,  judging  from  the  crowded 
state  of  the  salons,  probably  not  less  than 
two  thousand  were  present.  The  Egyp- 
tian Hall  was  profusely  decorated  with 
valuable  paintings,  amongst  which  were 
Maclise's  "  Spirit  of  Justice,"  Roberts's 
'*  Destruction  of  Jerusalem,"  and  others 
by  Linnell,  Sydney  Cooper,  Barker,  and 
Isabey,  accompanied   by   specimens   of 

Z 


Ault. 


.  •■.*■{ li^- 

.     ..  a      ..l!i  .•» 

■    ^.■>ut!l  •. :  ^ 
■•'..'.'viri.i,  •» » . 

•■     UU\  •  'I 

' « ' il   •  •         • 


"t  »:■. 


ib« 


1853.] 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


171 


Louisa  Stuart  Costello,  authoress,  75/. ; 
Jane  Pugin,  widow  of  R.  W.  Pugin,  archi- 
tect, 100/. ;  EUzabeth  Hester  Colby,  wife 
of  Major-General  Colby,  100/.;  William 
Jerdan,  '*  io  consideration  of  his  serrices 
to  literature  for  many  years,  and  bis  dis- 
tressed circumstances  at  an  advanced  pe- 
riod of  life,"  100/. ;  and  Elizabeth  M. 
Dunbar,  widow  of  the  late  Professor  of 
Greek  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh, 
75/.,  and  her  three  daughters,  for  the  sur- 
vivors or  survivor  of  them. 

Dr.  Reid's  claim  for  10,250/.  on  account 
of  his  services  in  the  ventilation  of  the 
New  Houses  of  Parliament  has  been  cut 
down  by  the  arbitrators  to  3, 250/. — 7000/. 
less  than  the  amount  claimed.  The  sum 
awarded  has  been  paid  to  the  Doctor,  and 
his  services  are  discontinued.  The  arbi- 
trators, Mr.  William  Forsyth  and  Dr. 
John  Forbes,  held  "upwards  of  thirty 
meetings**  before  they  made  their  award. 

Peter  le  Neve  Foster,  esq.,  formerly 
Treasurer  to  the  Society  of  Arts,  has  been 
elected  to  the  office  of  Secretary. 

Dr.  Daniel  Wilson,  author  of  the  Pre- 
historic Annals  of  Scotland,  &c.,  has  been 
appointed  to  the  Chair  of  History  and 
English  Literature  in  the  University  of 
Toronto,  Canada.  His  loss  will  be  se- 
verely felt  by  the  Society  of  Antiquaries 
of  Scotland,  which  has  been  materially 
advanced  in  activity  and  efficiency  under 
his  guidance. 

During  his  visit  in  England  the  King  of 
Hanover  has  been  pleased  to  confer  the 
Royal  Hanoverian  Medal  of  the  Arts  and 
Sciences  on  Mr.  S.  W.  Fullom,  the  author 
of  The  Marvels  of  Science,  and  their  Tes- 
timony to  Holy  Writ,  as  a  mark  of  his 
approbation  of  that  work  ;  and  the  same 
on  Mr.  Moncreiff,  the  dramatist,  now  a 
brother  of  the  Charterhouse,  and,  like 
his  august  patron,  totally  blind.  Shortly 
before  his  Majesty  succeeded  to  the  throne 
Mr.  Moncreiff  dedicated  his  Plays  in  three 
volumes  to  the  then  Crown  Prince  of 
Hanover. 

The  King  of  Prussia  has  conferred  his 
large  gold  medal  for  Science  on  Dr.  Merle 
d'Aubign^,  the  historian  of  the  Reforma- 
tion, accompanied  by  a  letter,  dated  4  June, 
1853,  ejLpressing  the  lively  interest  his 
Majesty  feels  in  that  important  work.  His 
Majesty  has  ordered  that  the  portrait  of 
Jacob  Grimm,  the  philologist,  shall  be 
placed  in  the  Gallery  of  Contemporary 
Celebrities  created  by  him  in  the  Palace 
of  Charlottenburg ;  and  has  commissioned 
M.  Begas,  the  painter  of  the  portraits  of 
Humboldt  and  Meyerbeer  in  the  same 
collection,  with  the  work. 

A  monument  to  Copernicus  has  been 
erected  at  Thorn  in  Prussia,  his  native 
place.     It  bears  the  inscription  drawn  up 


by  Baron  Humboldt— '*  Nicolaus  Coper- 
nicus, Torunensis,  terrae  motor,  soils  coeli- 
que  stator"  on  one  side,  and  on  the  other, 
**  Natus  anno  1473,  obiit  anno  1543." 

A  monument  to  Justus  Lipsins,  the 
great  scholar  and  critic  of  Brabant,  has 
been  erected  at  Overyssche,  near  Brussels, 
his  native  place.  It  consists  of  his  bust 
placed  on  a  pedestal,  with  a  Latin  in* 
scription. 

Tiie  contents  of  the  Bgffptian  ffolleriet 
of  the  Louvre  at  Paris  have  been  re- 
arranged, and  a  portion  of  the  discoveries 
made  by  M.  Mariette,  in  the  Temple  at 
Memphis,  has  been  added  to  them.  The 
principal  additions  consist  of  a  number  of 
statuettes  of  the  time  of  the  fourth  and 
fifth  dynasties,  which  are  remarkable  for 
vigour  and  exactness  of  execution ;  of  a 
statue  of  Apis  of  a  later  period — ^not  so 
correctly  designed,  but  with  some  stains 
in  paint  still  remaining ;  of  a  sphynx  and 
three  lions ;  of  a  bas-relief  bearing  the 
name  of  king  Menkehor,  of  the  fifth 
dynasty  ;  and  of  a  number  of  inscriptions 
— some  of  them  tributes  to  Apis,  others 
official  epitaphs,  and  one  the  record  of 
the  birth  and  death  of  a  sacred  bull.  M. 
Mariette  is  continuing  his  explorations  at 
Memphis,  and  he  is  not  vrithout  hopes  of 
making  other  discoveries  of  an  interesting 
character.  The  Viceroy  of  Egypt  only 
allows  him  to  send  one-third  of  the  things 
he  discovers  to  Europe ;  the  rest  are  re- 
tained for  a  museum  which  it  is  intended 
to  form  at  Cairo. 

Mr.  Waddlngton,  the  Eastern  traveller, 
has  presented  the  Louvre  with  some  bas- 
reliefs  and  Greek  inscriptions  found  by 
him  in  Asia  Minor. 

A  Bavarian  naturalist,  Dr.  Autenrieth, 
travelling  in  New  Grenada,  has,  it  is  said, 
while  excavating  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Panama,  disinterred  a  terra  cotta  vase 
containing  364  Roman  Coin»  in  bronxe. 
They  belong  to  the  third  and  fourth  cen- 
turies, and  bear  the  effigies  of  the  Emperors 
Maximian,  Diocletian,  and  Constantine 
the  First.  As  there  is  no  existing  evidence 
of  communication  between  the  ancient 
Romans  and  Southern  America,  it  is  sup- 
posed, says  a  Munich  journal,  that  these 
coins  may  have  been  buried  by  some 
Spanish  numismatist  or  archKologist  who 
inhabited  the  ancient  city  of  Panama  whea 
it  was  sacked,  in  1670,  by  the  Irish  bucca- 
neer Morgan.  In  any  case,  it  is  averred 
that  these  are  the  first  coins  of  the  Roman 
Empire  ever  found  in  the  soil  of  America. 

A  very  interesting  Panorama  qf  the 
City  of  Mexico  J  painted  by  Mr.  Burford 
and  by  Mr.  H.  C.  Selous,  has  been  opened 
in  Leicester-square.  The  view  is  taken 
from  the  tower  of  the  cathedral,  nearly  in 
the  centre  of  the  city,  and  presents  a  CQf^ 


172 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


[Aug. 


plete  aad  compreheDsive  picture,  eight 
miles  in  circumference,  surrounded  bj  a 
fertile  plain,  and  bounded  by  an  amphi- 
theatre of  mountains,  some  of  which  are 
among  the  highest  in  America.  The  intro- 
duction of  ecclesiastical  processions  and 
other  busy  groups  of  figures  contributes  not 
only  to  the  illusion  of  the  picture,  but 
ooDTeys  a  life-like  intimation  of  the  cha- 
racter and  habits  of  the  population. 

Among  the  pictures  selected  by  prixe- 
holders  in  the  Art  Unum  qf  London  ^  six 
of  the  most  attractive  works  have  been 
purchased  from  the  Royal  Academy  Exhi- 
bition, namely  :  "  The  CilT  of  Syracuse,'* 
by  £.  Lear,  250/.  ;  **  Loch  Etive,  from 
Tainuilt,'*  F.  R.  Lee,  150/. ;  *'  An  English 
Farm,"  J.  F.  Pasmore,  80/.;  **  Corfe 
CaaUe  by  Sunset,"  J.  P.  Pettit,  80/. ; 
*'  Opie  Reproved  by  his  Mother  for 
Painting  his  Father's  Portrait  on  Sunday,'' 
J.  Absolon,  60/.  ;  and  "  Off  the  Dutch 
Coast,  Squally  Weather,"  J.  Wilson,  jun. 
63/.  Four  of  great  merit  are  from  the 
British  Institution,  and  comprise  a  land- 
scape by  Sidney  Percy,  80/. ;  a  sea-piece 
bj  J.  Wilson,  jun.  100/.  ;  a  picture  by 
Uoderhill,  called  «*  The  Skylark,"  80/. ; 
and  another  by  Brock y, entitled  "  Delight,'' 
607.  Percy's  "  Morning,  North  Wales." 
100/.,  and  Bell's  "Village  of  Bettws-y 
coed,'*  100/.,  are  chosen  from  the  National 
Institution.  U.  Warren's  grand  subject 
"  The  Walk  to  Emmaus,"  100/.  has  been 
judiciously  selected  from  the  New  Water 
Colour  Society  ;  whence  also  come  **  On 
the  Thames  between  Reading  and  Sou- 
niug,"  A.  Penley,  94/.,  and  ••  They  that 
carry  us  away  Captive,"  &c.  A.  Bouvier, 
52/.  10«.  From  the  Society  of  BriUsh 
Artists  have  been  taken  **  A  Weedv  Branch 
of  the  Thames,"  II.  J.  Boddingtoo,  80/. ; 
**  Sandboys — Scene  on  Durley  Heath," 
W.  Shayer,  60/. ;  '•  Llyn-y-gader,  North 
Wales,"  S.  R.  Percy,  70/. ;  "  Cwm  Ogwr, 
Glamorganshire,"  J.  Tennant,  125/. ; 
"Hunt  the  Slipper,"  W.  Gill,  feO/.  ;  and 
•*  A  Christmas  Dinner,"  T.  Clater.  60/. 

The  Pictures  Itlongiug  to  the  late 
Duehen  Dovager  of  Bedford  have  been 
sold  by  Messrs.  Farebrother  and  Co.,  at 
Bedford  Lodge, Cami^len-hill, Kensington. 
The  collection  included  ^everal  valuable 
works  by  Sir  Edwin  Landseer,  Sir  David 
Wilkie,  Darid  Roberts,  R..\.,  Nasmyth. 
Lance,  and  other  modem  artists.  The 
principal  subject  was  the  celebrated  picture 
of  "Dead  Game,"  24  in.  by  18  in.,  con- 
■idered  to  be  one  of  Landseer *s  finest  pro- 
ductions ;  it  excited  a  very  animated 
oompftition.  andw.ts  at  length  secured  by 
Mr.  Graves  for  1.200  guineas.  "  The 
Highland  Toilet,"  by  Sir  David  Wilkie, 
was  bought  by  Mr.  Maw»on,  of  Berncrs- 
Itreet,  for    5*40    guineas.     "The   Three 


Dogs,"  by  Sir  £.  Landseer,  was  secured 
by  Mr.  Graves  for  225  guineas.  "  The 
Highland  Cabin,"  by  the  same  artist,  was 
bought,  after  an  active  competition,  by 
Mr.  Eaton,  of  Princc's-gatc,  Hyde  Park, 
for  780  guineas.  "  Coast  Scenery,"  by 
Bonningtoo,  was  bought  by  Mr.  Mawaon, 
for  220  guineas ;  a  landscape  by  l>e,  R.  A. 
for  400  guineas  ;  one,  by  P.  Nasmyth,  for 
the  like  sum ;  and  various  other  worki 
fetched  proportionately  high  prices. 

The  six  days'  sale  of  the  first,  and  as 
we  believe  the  most  valuable,  portion  of 
Dr.  Hawtrey'i  Librarp,  has  just  been  con- 
eluded  by  Messrs.  Sotheby  and  Wilkin- 
son. "  To  collect  the  books  which  are 
now  offered  for  aale,"  says  Dr.  Hawtrey, 
in  a  brief  Preface  to  his  Catalogue,  "  has 
been  to  me  the  most  interesting  recreation 
of  the  last  forty  years.  My  change  of 
residence  gives  me  the  nearest  access  to  a 
library  of  much  greater  extent,  but  does 
not  allow  me  room  for  more  than  a  nnall 
reserved  portion  of  my  own  treasures.  I 
am  thus  induced  to  part  with  them."  Tlie 
total  produce  was  4,219/.  10s.  Sd.  some 
of  the  lots  bringing,  as  they  deserved,  good 
prices.  The  Coverdale  Bible,  a  great  ra- 
rity, though  imperfect,  sold  for  111/,  and 
has,  it  is  believed,  gone  to  America.  The 
first  edition  of  Homer,  the  celebrated  Col- 
bert's copy,  produced  70/.  and  a  decently 
good  copy  of  the  first  edition  of  Sbak- 
spere  63/.  A  few  MSS.  brought  prices 
much  beyond,  it  is  said,  the  sums  which 
Dr.  Hawtrey  gave  for  them.  A  MS.  of 
Dante  on  vellum,  with  numerous  drawings 
in  colours,  brought  105/.  and  a  vellum 
Ovid  90/.  6«. 

A  few  objecU  called  Napoleon  Relics 
were  on  July  12  sold  at  the  auction  rooms 
of  Messrs.  Puttick  and  Simpson  in  Picca- 
dilly. They  had  belonged  to  Dr.  Stokoe, 
who  succeeded  Barry  O'Meara  as  Napo- 
leon's medical  attendant  at  St.  Helena. 
The  most  noticeable  were — Lot  92,  a 
silver  knife,  fork,  spoon,  and  cup,  part  of 
the  Emperor's  service,  which  sold  for  11/. 
being  intrinsically  worth  about  3/.  Lot  80, 
a  diuuond  pin,  sold  for  25/.  about  the  value 
of  the  gem.  Lot  86,  a  lock  of  the  Em- 
peror's hair,  sold  for  5/.  15s.  The  sale  of 
Dr.  Stokoe's  lots  was  succeeded  by  the 
sale  of  another  Napoleon  relic — namdy, 
the  military  hat  the  Emperor  wore  at  the 
battle  of  Wagram ;  it  sold  for  45/.  3«.  and 
was  bought  for  the  well-known  exhibition 
of  Madame  Tussaud. 

One  of  the  largest  and  finest  collections 
of  engraved  English  portraite  that  has  been 
made  since  the  great  days  of  Walpole  and 
Sykes  has  also  been  dispersed  by  the 
hammer  of  Messrs.  Sotheby  and  Wilkin- 
son. The  collector  was  the  late  Mr.  E. 
Wenman  Martin,  and  the  total  produce  of 


1853.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


173 


the  sale,  which  extended  OTer  five  days, 
was  2,180/.  At.  Gd,  The  highest  price 
given  for  any  one  print  was  26/.  10«.<— 'for 
"Oliver  Cromwell  standing  in  armour  be- 
tween two  pillars."  The  second  was  22/. 
for  Delaram's  rare  engraving  of  James  I. 
on  honeback,  with  a  view  of  London  and 
the  Thames  between  the  horse's  legs.  The 
third  was  for  Oliver*s  son,  Richard — the 
rare  print  of  him  in  armour  as  Protector, 
with  the  view  of  Windsor  beneath  the 
horse^s  feet.  Crispin  Passes  Queen  Eliza- 
beth, in  the  dress  which  she  wore  when 
she  returned  thanks  for  the  defeat  of  the 
Armada,  sold  for  8/.  Si. ;  Elstracke's 
Charles  I.  when  Prince  of  Wales,  for 
10/.  15t. ;  Faithorne's  large  head  of  Charles 
II.  for  15/.;  the  same  engraver's  beauti- 
ful portrait  of  Catherine  of  BragaDza, 
in  the  dress  she  wore  when  she  landed, 
for  15/.  15«. ;  Hollar^s  James  II.  when 
Duke  of  York  (the  small  oval  in  a  bor- 


der of  palm-leaves,  after  Teniers),  for 
20/. ;  and  a  choice  impression  of  Droes- 
hout^s  portrait  of  Shakspeare,  in  the  first 
state,  for  11/.  5«. 

We  have  received  an  announcement  of 
a  work  entitled  "  Antiquities  of  Shrop' 
shire,  by  the  Rev.  R.  \V.  Eyton,"  to  be 
published  in  quarterly  numbers,  royal  8vo. 
Subscribers'  names  are  to  be  sent  to  Mr. 
Beddow,  bookseller  at  Shiffnal. 

Mr.  R.  Turner,  of  Newcastle,  is  pre- 
paring for  publication  a  print  in  tinted 
lithography  (size,  including  margin,  24  by 
34  iDches)  of  Mr.  John  Storey's  interest- 
ing drawing  of  Netocastle-upon-Tyne  m 
the  reign  of  (^een  Elizabeth,  prepared 
from  authentic  evidence  in  conjunction 
with  Mr.  G.  Bouchier  Richardson, in  illus- 
tration of  the  historical  essay  by  the  latter 
gentleman,  which  we  printed  at  length  in 
our  Magazine  for  Nov.  1852. 


HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


Handbook  to  the  Public  Records.  By 
F.  S.  Thomas,  Secretary  of  the  Public 
Record  Ojfflce.  {Printed fur  Her  Majesty's 
Stationery  Office.)  Royal  8po.  pp.  482. 
— The  dimensions  and  weight  of  this 
portly  octavo  exceed  our  own  ideas  of  a 
*'  Handbook,"  but  we  presume  it  is 
thought  necessary  that  all  the  literary 
productions  of  a  great  public  department 
should  be  somewhat  grand  and  magnifi- 
cent. We  should  not,  however,  have  bad 
the  opportunity  of  making  this  trifling 
objection,  had  it  borne  the  less  fanciful 
and  more  accurate  title  of  an  Analytical 
Index  to  the  Public  Records.  Its  merit  is 
that  it  gives  a  general  view  of  the  various 
classes  of  records  and  documents  which 
are  now  preserved  in  the  several  deposi- 
tories under  the  superintendence  of  the 
Record  Department.  They  are  arranged 
in  successive  alphabets  under  the  courts 
and  departments  to  which  they  respectively 
belong, — as.  Chancery,  Queen's  Bench, 
Common  Pleas,  Exchequer,  &c.  &c.  ond 
a  general  index  is  given  to  the  whole. 
Prefixed  is  a  brief  outline  of  the  history  of 
the  Public  Records  from  the  earliest  times 
down  to  the  establishment  of  a  Public 
Record  Office,  and  the  erection  (now  in 
progress)  of  a  General  Record  Depository; 
and  this  is  followed  by  a  tabular  plan  for 
the  arrangement  of  the  Records,  when  that 
Depository  shall  be  ready  for  their  recep- 
tion. It  is  much  to  be  desired,  both  fur 
the  sake  of  the  record  i  themselves  and  of 
the  public  purse,  that  this  subject  should 
at  this  time  receive  its  matoreat  conndera- 


tion ;  for,  when  the  new  Record  Depository 
is  occupied,  it  will  be  fit  that  its  contents 
should  take  their  places  once  for  all,  and 
that  the  useless  and  wasteful  expenditure 
which  has  heretofore  attended  their  fre- 
quent removal,  should  at  once  cease  and 
determine.  It  is  part  of  Mr.  Thomas*a 
plan,  with  this  desirable  object,  to  form 
such  an  arrangement  that  those  classes 
which  belong  to  obsolete  courts  or  by-gone 
afiairs  should  be  at  once  placed  in  re- 
ceptacles suited  to  their  dimensions,  and 
that  due  room  should  be  left  for  those 
which  are  liable  to  future  increase. 


A  View  qf  the  History  and  Coinage  qf 
the  Parthians,  with  Descriptive  data' 
logues  and  Tables,  illustrated  with  a  com^ 
plete  set  of  Engravings  qf  Coins,  a  large 
number  of  them  unpublished.  By  John 
Lindsay,  Esq.  Barrister -at- Law,  S^c. 
Cork,  1852.  4to. — Mr.  Lindsay,  who  has 
heretofore  rendered  much  valuable  assist- 
ance to  numismatists  by  three  important 
works,  in  which  he  has  discussed  succes- 
sively the  coinages  of  the  Saxon  Heptarchy, 
of  Ireland,  and  of  Scotland,  has  here 
undertaken  and  accomplished  a  task  of 
greater  difficulty.  The  coins  of  Parthia 
have  occasioned  more  perplexity  to  numis- 
matists than  perhaps  any  other  series,  and 
although  Visconti,  Sestiui,  Mionnet,  and 
Dumersan,  together  with  M.  Longperier 
and  M.  Lenormant,  and  in  a  still  more 
recent  and  very  valuable  publication  Mr. 
De*BartholomBi,  have  made  considerable 
progresi  in  theii  «xi«xk|;ftxiv«DX«  >^t^  \!ax% 


174 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Aug. 


still  left  the  subject  involved  ia  many 
doabts  and  obscurities.  Mr.  Lindsay  is 
the  first  of  our  own  countrymen  who  has 
had  the  courage  to  encounter  this  difficult 
subject  since  the  time  of  Vaillant,  who 
committed  (in  common  with  many  other 
eminent  writers)  the  fatal  error  of  adopting 
a  system  of  dates  difTering  57  years  from 
the  time,  and  when  he  endeavoured  to 
adapt  those  dates  to  the  reigns  of  the 
kings,  he  consequently  gave  a  wrong  ap- 
propriation to  almost  every  coin  of  the 
series,  and  thereby  rendered  his  numis- 
matic arrangement  utterly  useless.  With 
the  exception  of  Vaillant's  introductory 
essay,  no  History  of  the  Parthian  Empire 
has  been  published  in  England  since  that  by 
the  Uev.  John  Lewis  in  1728;  and  now  that 
the  memories  of  other  great  nations  of 
antiquity  are  occupying  so  large  a  share 
of  attention  from  the  magnificent  results  of 
the  investigations  of  Layard  and  Rawlin- 
son,  it  will  not  be  inappropriate  to  direct 
a  share  of  our  attention  to  a  country  which 
for  many  centuries  acted  a  very  prominent 
part  in  the  history  of  the  world,  and  con- 
tested the  sovereignty  of  Asia  with  the 
Romans  during  the  period  of  their  greatest 
power. 

The  kingdom  of  Parthia  is  dated  from 
the  year  255  before  Christ,  at  which  sera 
the  province  revolted  from  Syria.  The 
leader  of  the  revolt  was  Arsaces,  and  the 
dynasty  of  his  family,  called  the  Arsacids, 
having  lasted  about  470  years,  terminated 
with  the  expedition  of  Caracalta  into  Syria 
and  Parthia,  which  occurred  a.  d.  214-217. 
That  treacherous  monster,  who,  according 
to  the  narrative  of  Herodian,  persuaded 
the  Parthian  king  to  accept  him  as  a 
son-in-law,  and,  entering  the  country  in 
|)eace,  concluded  bis  reception  by  a  general 
massacre,  was  assassinated  in  Parthia  at 
the  instigation  of  Macrinus,  who  succeeded 
to  the  empire,  and  fought  the  last  great 
battle  with  the  Parthians  in  a.  d.  *ilB. 
A  few  years  after  the  crown  was  trans- 
ferred to  a  Persian  dynasty. 

Tlie  coins  of  the  ArsacidK  are  chiefly 
cither  tctradrachms  and  drachms  in  silver 
and  s(oinetimes  in  potin,  or  small  brass 
and  copper.  The  tctradrachms  generally 
bear  dates,  but  they  do  not  occur  before 
tliose  ot  Arsaces  XIV.  nor  do  the  small 
brass  until  a  still  later  jieriod.  The  drachms 
are  always  without  (fates,  and  are  to  be 
arranged   front    their  style  of  execution, 

{lointH  of  co»tatue,  \c.  Mr.  Lindsay  has 
ittlf  hesitation  in  placing  the  coins  nearly 
in  llu*  order  in  which  they  were  struck, 
but  it  in  ditficult  to  define  the  line  of 
separation  between  the  coins  of  two  con- 
secutive prince*,  and  to  appropriate,  with 
probability,  several  of  the  classes.  The 
earlier  tetradrachmf  begin  with  the  fine 


contour  and  high  relief  of  Greek  art,  bat 
they  afterwards  degenerate  into  very  rude 
and  unintelligible  imitations  of  the  former 
coins.  Mr.  Lindsay  has  filled  ten  quarto 
plates  with  figures  of  his  coins,  many  of 
which  are  previously  unpublished,  besldee 
giving  references  in  his  tables  to  the  en* 
gravings  of  the  authors  before  mentioned* 
His  preliminary  history  of  the  Parthians 
occupiea  nearly  130  pages,  and  is  carefally 
compiled  from  a  comparison  of  the  state- 
ments of  the  several  Roman  historians. 


Hiatory  of  the  Ruined  Church  of  Si. 
Mary  Magdalene^  diicovered  a.d.  1846, 
within  the  Old  Town  Hall  of  Doneoiter. 
By  the  Rev.  John  Edward  Jackson,  MjL 
Rector  of  Leigh  Delamere.  Illustrated  bp 
John  P.  Seddon,  Archt  4to.  {PHfe  Plates). 
—  In  the  year  1846,  a  public  building  iii 
Doncaster,  which  was  used  partly  as  the 
Town  Hall,  and  partly  as  the  grammar- 
school,  an  edifice  distinguished  by  no  other 
architectural  pretensions  than  some  flat 
pilasters,  a  pediment,  and  a  statue  of  Jus- 
tice, and  two  colossal  urns  at  top,  having 
walls  rough-cast  with  pebbles,  was  at  last 
condemned  to  destruction  by  the  muni- 
cipal authorities,  in  order  to  erect  a  new 
public  market.  The  adjoining  area  was 
denominated  the  Magdalens,  why  the  his- 
torian alone  could  tell,  for  there  were  no 
obvious  relics  of  antiquity.  There  was,  to 
be  sure,  an  unaccountable  obliquity  in  the 
position  of  the  structure ;  and  if  a  stranger 
had  the  curiosity  to  penetrate  into  Uie 
school-room,  he  might  there  have  detected 
the  outline  of  a  large  semicircular  arch, 
and  portions  of  the  capitals  of  the  columns 
from  whiel)  it  sprang.  All  other  evidence 
of  antiquity  was  concealed  within  the 
adscititious  structure.  Its  removal  re- 
vealed a  massive  skeleton  of  very  different 
architecture.  The  arch  proved  to  be  the 
chmrel  one  of  the  ancient  fane  of  St  Mary 
Magdalene ;  and  when  the  whole  was 
cleared,  the  ruins  were  developed  of  a 
pure  Norman  church,  having  on  either 
side  six  cylindrical  columns,  of  which  the 
northern  line  was  surmounted  by  semi- 
circular arches,  and  a  clear-story  with 
circular-headed  wind  )ws.  On  the  sonth 
the  arches  had  been  destroyed,  though  the 
columns  with  their  capitals  remained  ;  but 
the  aisles  had  been  wholly  removed. 

Sucli  discoveries  are  not  made,  in  the 
present  d  ly,  without  exciting  a  consider- 
Hl>le  amount  of  public  uiterest,  cs}>ecially 
in  populous  neighbourhoods;  and  many 
parties  were  anxious  to  secure  the  preser- 
vation of  the  ruins.  A  memorial  having 
this  object  was  presented  to  the  Corpora- 
tion by  some  of  the  most  influential  gen- 
tlemen of  the  vicinity  ;  and  the  Centra] 
Committee  of  the  Arch«ological  Institnte 


1853.] 


Miicellaneotu  Reviews, 


175 


addressed  the  Mayor  to  the  same  purpose. 
It  was  proposed  that  the  ruins  should 
either  remain  on  the  spot,  protected  bj  an 
inclosnre,  or  converted  to  some  of  the  pur- 
poses of  the  Market,  or  that  they  should 
be  removed  either  to  the  Public  Cemetery, 
to  a  new  church  then  intended  at  the  vil* 
lage  of  Balby,  or  to  some  gentleman's 
pleasure  grounds.  Such  removals  are 
Tery  seldom  found  practicable.  The  Town 
Council  received  the  addresses  with  due 
courtesy  and  respect ;  and  averred  that  if 
the  ruins  had  been  situated  on  the  out- 
skirts of  the  town,  like  those  of  St.  Mary's 
at  York,  they  would  have  gladly  followed 
the  example  which  was  there  so  well  set 
out ;  but  as  the  site  was  in  the  very  centre 
of  the  town,  their  former  resolution  to 
take  it  for  a  Market -house  could  not  be 
reversed.  At  the  same  time  they  offered 
to  allow  the  ruins  to  be  removed  for  re- 
erection  ;  and  promised  to  employ  some 
able  artist  to  make  drawings,  both  picto- 
rial and  architectural,  of  their  existing 
state.  Neither  of  the  latter  propositions 
seems  to  have  been  fulfilled.  The  only  por- 
tion preserved  of  the  structure  is  one  of 
the  columns,  with  its  base  and  capital, 
which  has  been  erected  in  the  garden  of 
the  Doncaster  Bank,  by  Mr.  Charles  Jack- 
ion,  one  of  the  magistrates  of  the  town, 
and  brother  to  the  author  of  the  present 
work.  The  drawings  which  are  now  pub- 
lished were  privately  taken  by  Messrs. 
Henry  F.  and  C.  D.  Lockwood,  and  they 
have  been  lithographed  by  Mr.  John  P. 
Seddon,  the  Diocesan  Architect  of  Llan- 
dafT.  We  may  here  add  that  as  a  pictorial 
record  they  are  perfectly  satisfactory. 

The  church  of  St.  Mary  Magdalene 
having  been  of  such  early  architecture,  and 
the  late  magnificent  church  of  St  George 
at  Doncaster  (which  was  destroyed  by  fire 
on  the  38th  Feb.  in  the  present  year) 
having  been  characterised  by  no  such 
msrks  of  high  antiquity,  the  Kev.  M. 
Jackson  has  been  induced  to  investigate 
the  probability  of  the  former  having  been 
superseded  by  the  latter  in  the  capacity 
of  the  parish  church.  He  has  collected  a 
considerable  amount  of  evidence,  which 
appears  to  favour  such  a  conclusion ;  which 
is  also  coincident  with  the  view  taken  by 
Leland  when  he  visited  the  town  in  the 
year  1538.  **  The  church  (he  says)  stands 
in  the  very  area  where  once  the  castle  of 
the  towne  stood,  long  since  clene  decayed, 
the  dikes  partly  yet  to  be  seen,  and  foun- 
dation of  part  of  the  walls.  There  is  like- 
lihood that  when  this  church  was  erected, 
much  of  the  mines  of  the  castelle  was 
taken  for  the  foundation,  and  filling  up  of 
the  waullisof  it."  And  again,  *' There  was 
another  paroche  ehirch  yn  the  towne,  yet 
Standing,  but  now  it  serveth  for  a  chapelie 


of  ease.'*  Mr.  Jackson,  therefore,  is  in- 
clined to  conclude  that  St.  Mary's  was  the 
parish  church  so  long  as  the  ancient  castle 
was  in  existence ;  thsi,  after  the  site  of  the 
castle  had  been  given  to  the  abbey  of  St. 
Mary's  at  York,  which  was  as  early  as  the 
reign  of  Rufiis,  a  parish  church  was  con- 
stituted there,  formed  upon  what  had  been 
previously  the  castle  chapel,  and  that  St. 
Mary's  lapsed  into  the  position  of  a  chapel 
of  ease.  This  question  has  heretofore  re- 
ceived the  consideration  of  the  historian  of 
South  Yorkshire,  who,  noticing  a  charter 
which  was  executed  **  in  the  chapel  of  St. 
Mary  Magdalene  at  Doncaster,"  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  II.  expressed  his  opinion 
that  the  use  of  the  word  capelia  in  this 
case  makes  it  *'  decisive  that,  at  this  time, 
it  belonging  to  that  class  of  religious  edi- 
fices which  were  usually  only  private  foun- 
dations, without  any  tithe  or  parochial  dues 
belonging,  though  the  rights  of  sepulture 
and  other  sacraments  was  not  unfre^ently 
granted  to  them"  (Hunter's  South  York- 
shire, i.  30);  and  it  appears  that  Mr. 
Hunter  has  subsequently  (in  the  Doncaster 
Gazette  in  1823)  expressed  an  opinion, 
that  *'  from  its  being  regarded  as  a  chapel 
it  is  a  direct  and  obvious  inference  that 
some  other  edifice  was  the  parish  church 
of  Doncaster,  an  edifice  to  which  I  con- 
ceive the  present  church  of  St.  George  was 
the  legitimate  successor."     It  is  conse* 

auently  in  variance  with  the  highest  mo- 
ern  authority  that  Mr.  Jackson  has 
formed  his  conclusion.  Still,  we  think  the 
arguments  he  has  adduced  have  consider- 
able weight;  more  particularly  the  fact 
that  there  were  originally  two  Rectors  at 
Doncaster,  and  that  York  abbey  super- 
seded both,  ordaining  one  Vicar  in  their 
stead.  If  there  were  two  Rectors,  it  ap- 
pears very  probable  that  St.  Mary^s,  as 
Leland  says,  was  once  a  *'  paroche  cbirch.** 

Lorenso  Benonif  or  PatsageM  in  the 
ij\fe  qfan  Italian.  Edited  by  a  Friend, — 
This  book  sets  out  with  a  fault.  It  is  one 
of  omission.  There  is  not  a  word  of  pre- 
face either  by  author  or  editor  to  give 
warrant  that  the  autobiography  is  a  genuine 
work,  and  no  fiction.  We  believe  that 
Lorenzo  Benoni  is  a  very  real  personage, 
albeit  under  an  aliat,  but  how  far  the 
stories  told  under  that  name  be  true,  or 
how  far  only  '*  ben  trovate,"  we  are  un- 
able to  determine.  Taking  this  circum- 
stance for  as  much  as  it  may  be  worth, 
the  volume,  which  is  very  handsomely  got 
up,  will  be  ifound  a  very  "  readable  '^  book. 
It  is  no  little  praise  to  say  of  it  that,  in 
many  respects,  it  reminds  us  of  the  charm- 
ing autobiography  of  Alfieri,  lacking  in- 
deed the  fire,  variety,  deep  thought,  and 
gay  strictures  of  that  incomparable  work. 


176 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Aug. 


but  possessing,  neTertheless,  enough  of 
incident,  narrated  with  no  indifferent 
grace,  to  merit  the  patronage  which  the 
public  will  not  be  slow  to  award  it. 

The  author  commences  the  story  of  his 
career  not  with  his  birth  and  parentage, 
but  with  his  education  ;  and  what  he  tells 
of  public  education  in  the  dominions  of 
his  Majesty  the  King  of  Sardinia  by  no 
means  impresses  us  with  a  high  idea  of 
those  to  whom  the  conduct  of  so  important 
a  matter  was  entrusted.  The  story  of  his 
school  days  is  somewhat  spun  out,  but  it 
is  relieved  by  pretty  scenes  of  home,  where 
sighs  a  patient  mother,  and  where  rules  a 
sour  lord.  The  school  was,  what  despotic 
Sardinia  then  was,  governed  by  fear,  terror, 
incapacity,  cruelty,  and  injustice.  This, 
added  to  the  fact  that  the  pupils  were 
allowed  to  read  the  histories  of  Greece  and 
Rome,  wherein  republics  are  the  oases  of 
prosperity  amid  the  wide  deserts  of  adver- 
sity or  splendid  tyranny,  made  ardent 
republicans  of  every  scholar.  The  sys- 
tem really  achieved  the  exact  contrary  of 
what  it  was  meant  to  accomplish,  and  the 
papils  were  no  sooner  er  ephebis  than, 
after  selecting  a  profession,  which  appears 
to  have  been  very  much  proforma^  they 
afliliated  themselves  to  secret  societies, 
and  addressed  themselves  seriously  to  the 
business  of  their  lives,  the  upsetting  of  the 
then  existing  administration.  Lorenzo 
with  his  fellows  of  course  became  con- 
spirators ;  but,  as  an  Italian  would  be  no- 
thing were  he  not  a  lover  to  boot,  a 
certain  Lilla,  a  young  "  Marchesa,''  hating 
titles  and  loving  man,  is  brought  upon  the 
stage  to  give  interest  to  the  more  stirring 
scenes  of  the  autobiographical  drama. 
Gibbon  says  somewhere  of  princesses,  that, 
•s  in  matters  of  love  they  are  com- 
pelled by  the  very  circumstances  of  their 
birth  to  make  the  first  advances,  so  is  the 
wntiment,  as  far  as  they  are  oncemed, 
robbed  of  all  dignity.  We  feel  that  this 
is  the  case  with  regard  to  the  titled  heroine 
who  robs  Benoni  of  his  heart  for  a  short 
season.  We  cannot  say  of  her,  winning 
and  seductive,  too  violently  seductive  as 
she  is, — we  cannot  say  of  her  as  the  song 
of  our  boyhood  used  to  say,  that  ^  Lilla  's 
a  lady;**  the  Lilla  of  the  story  is  not  the 
graceful  heroine  of  the  song,  but  a  marvel- 
lously bold,  beautiful,  brazen  vixen,  of 
whom  Loreuzo  is  well  rid.  The  slight 
heart>acbe  attendant  on  the  abrupt  termi- 
nation of  this  love-passage  is  alleviated  by 
intensity  of  conspiring  and  a  slight  ad- 
diction to  sporting;.  How  the  **  sport*' 
was  carried  on  may  win  a  smile  from  the 
most  thorough  of  cockney  sportsmen  or 
City  hunters  of  the  now  legendary  Epping 
stag.  Fancy  a  gentleman  going  out  a-shoot- 
ing  after  this  fashion  :  — 
9 


<*  The  little  wood  was  the  resort  of  many 
birds,  especially  of  thrushes  and  black- 
birds, which  came  to  seek  the  cool  shade. 
I  had  caused  a  thatched  shed  to  be  erected 
at  the  foot  of  one  of  the  largest  trees,  just 
high  enough  for  me  to  stand  in  it ;  and 
therein,  sheltered  from  the  sun,  and  the 
sharp  eyes  of  the  feathered  race,  I  shot  at 
them  with  certain  aim.  The  hut  was  in 
sight  of  the  house,  and  within  call,  and  I 
used  always  to  go  there  some  time  before 
the  hour  of  meals,  and  remain  till  called." 

We  know  nothing  that  can  compare  with 
this,  save  the  picture  of  the  gouty  angler 
enthusiastically  pursuing  his  sport  in  a  tub 
in  his  drawing-room ;  or  the  method  of 
the  amiable  gentleman  who  uaed  to  hont 
with  beagles  in  Berkshire,  bat  never  went 
beyond  ^  sound  of  the  gong  that  was  to 
summon  him  back  to  luncheon. 

From  rural  pursuits,  Lorenzo  rushed  at 
once  into  revolutionary  projects.  The  plot 
fiailed,  as  most  plots  do,  from  the  treachery 
of  confederates;  and  in  the  Mouve  qui 
peuty  while  the  executioner  caught  some, 
and  the  jailer  held  others,  Lorenzo  makes 
a  dashing  melo- dramatic  escape  into 
France,  where  we  have  him,  a  refngecy 
mourning  over  hopes  and  plans  defeated. 

There  are  some  pleasantly  drawn  char- 
acters in  the  book — chief  and  immeasur- 
ably above  all,  a  certain  "  Uncle  John," 
caustic,  severe,  kindly,  and  brim-full  of 
good  sense ; — a  man  who  sees  and  says 
that  revolutions  to  be  worth  anything  are 
not  to  be  made  suddenly,  and  are  to  be 
commenced  by  a  preliminary  revolution  in 
the  morals  of  the  revolters.  He  is  an 
exquisitely  good  fellow  is  this,  of  course, 
unheeded  **  Uncle  John.**  The  pages  de- 
voted to  the  tyrannic  system  under  which 
the  country  groaned  before  Piedmont  was 
blessed  with  the  constitution  which  now 
renders  her  the  hope  of  the  European 
friends  of  liberty,  and  which  has  made  her 
the  detestation  of  European  despots,  con- 
tain in  them,  however,  justification  for  worse 
organised  rebellions  than  those  which, 
after  all,  helped  to  work  out  the  freedom 
which  the  little  kingdom  now  enjoys.  We 
will  close  our  notice  of  the  volume  by  an 
extract  which  will  shew  the  action  of 
another  svstem  from  which  it  would  be 
well  were  Piedmont  also  free — but  *'  pa- 
zienza,"  that** good  time  's  coming,  boys!** 
The  scene  to  which  we  now  draw  attention 
is  tlie  Exchange  of  Genoa  ;  the  time  high- 
noon,  the  place  is  crowded,  and  our  chief 
actor  Lorenzo  is  threading  his  way  amid 
the  busy  groups  : — 

**  During  this  perambulation  I  was 
struck  with  the  great  number  of  priests 
assembled  in  this  S(H>t,  some  standing  in 
groups,  some  sitting  on  chairs  and  benches, 
some  walking  up  and  down,  as  I  mytelf 


1853.] 


Mueellaneoua  lieo 


J77 


wudoiDg.  Oueof  these  list,  bBTingejeJ 
me  attantiTelj,  matlered  u  be  passed  saaie 
words,  eridenlly  nddrested  to  me.  but  tbe 
neaaing  of  which  I  could  natnlBte.  I  ms- 
Diged  to  pass  very  near  him,  when  he  again 
spoke  to  me.  Thii  lime  I  did  not  lose  a 
word  of  what  he  said  :  '  Any  masses,  Sir  ? 
vcrj  cheap  ! '  I  cuuld  milie  notliing  of  It ; 
and  he,  no  doubt,  seeing  as  much  bj  the 
blank  besitation  of mjeoutitenaace,  turned 
and  walked  nwnf.    .    .    . 

"There  la  scarcely  any  man  ao  desli- 
tnte  a«  to  die  wilhoot  leaving  something 
to  pay  for  i  certain  nnmber  of  masses  for 
(he  beneBt  of  faia  aonl;  or  hardly  any  poor 
woman  wbo  baa  not,  from  time  to  time, 
aome  maiaea  performed,«tlierforthe  sool 
of  a  deceuedrBUtire,  for  the  cure  of  some 
aick  memhcT  of  ber  family,  or  some  anch 
object.  The  sale  of  masses,  therefore, 
ia  Terf  considerable  in  Italy.  I  purposely 
say  the  lali,  for  the  moss  ia  paid  for,  and 
forms  an  essential  part  of  a  priest's  in- 
come. The  price  lariEl  according  to  the 
demand,  eiactly  tike  the  price  of  stocks, 
and  like  them  masses  rise  or  fall  with  the 
greater  or  less  supply  in  the  market.  .  .  . 

"  If  it  was  yoar  wish  to  have  a  mass 
■aid  immediately,  or  if  you  had  an  invest- 
mrat  of  (i>e  hundred  masses  to  make,  you 
oould  find  what  you  wanted  in  thii  place. 
Brokers  (priests  of  caurae)came  ta  you  and 
moke  their  bargain.  Suppose  a  priest  who 
had  some  hnndreda  of  masses  to  sayi  he 
ia  in  want  of  ready  money,  he  found  there 


,e  broker 


,0  took  t 


at  a  disoonnt,  and  paid  him  the  difference. 
Some  of  the  big-wigi — Rothschilds  of 
this  exchange— had  in  their  pocket-books 
thousands  and  thousands  of  mosses.  These 
men  monopolised  the  ware  at  a  good  price, 
and  then  got  rid  or  it  at  a  profit  to  poor 
priests  their  clients  (especially  to  those 
from  the  country),  and  thui  realised  oon- 
siderable  gains. 

"  This  sale  of  masses  sometimes  gale 
rise  to  very  ludii-rous  iceoes,  I  lure  fre- 
qoented  the  pUce  often  enough  to  nitnesa 
a  great  Tariety  of  such.  I  shall  merely 
note  the  ftdlowing : — 

"  A  liTery-serrant,  9«nt  by  bis  master 
from  Albaro,  a  large  Tillage  nt  '  a  few 
milei  distance,'  was  bargaining  with  a 
prieat  for  a  mass  to  he  celebrated  at  the 
said  place.  The  servant  had  been  autbo- 
riied  to  bid  as  much  as  three  francs  ;  hut 
it  waa  Sundsy.  the  weather  was  bad,  and 
there  were  but  few  priests  at  leisure.  The 
merchODdiie  was  looking  up. 

"  '  I  won't  stir  for  less  than  five  fraaca,' 
aaja  the  priest,  turning  away,  as  if  to  break 
off  the  conference. 

"  '  Five  francs!  That  is  unconscionable,' 
relumed  the  seivant,  *  Why,  one  might 
get  a  NMtna  for  that  I' 

GcitT.  Mag,  Vol.  XL. 


" '  Well,  then,  get  your  Wooesii,  but 
you  shall  not  hace  amass.'  The  priest 
crossed  the  street,  and  entered  a  liquor- 
shop.  '  Boy,  a  glass  of  brandy  !'  said  he 
lo  the  lad  behind  the  counter. 

"  The  servant,  wbo  followed  clone  at  the 
priest's  heels,  turned  pale.  If  tlic  priest 
should  break  his  fast,  t'arenell  to  all  hopes 
of  a  mass  for  that  day, 

"  '  I'll  give  four  francs,  though  I  am 
■ure  I  shnll  be  scolded,' 

"  '  Five  francs  I  that's  my  first  and  last 
word,'  raising  the  glass  to  his  lips,  ■  You 
may  take  it  or  leave  it,  as  you  please.'  He 
was  just  on  the  point  of  swallowing  the 
conteots,  nhen  the  servant  stopped  his 
hind,  saying,  '  Yon  drive  a  THry  bard  bar- 
gain ;  however,  you  shall  have  the  live 
fVancB  '.'  and  so  it  wis  settled." 

The  above  is  a  fair  sample  of  the  volume 
from  which  it  ia  taken ;  and  perhaps  (be 
ej<tract  we  hare  made  will  induce  our 
readers  to  look  in  Ihe  book  itself  for  more; 
the  labour  will  not  by  any  means  be 
thrown  aviay. 

TAe  Church  of  Eaglmd  Jiunitd  en 
Scriplnre,  and  eismlial  lo  thr  Contli- 
tutiou.  A  Sermon  jireaehtd  al  tkt  Viti- 
lalion  of  lAe  Ven,  Iht  Arehdeaeon  qf 
Londaa,  May.  3,  taS3.  Bn  Me  Anr. 
George  Croly,  LL.D.    Rtvhr    of  SI. 

Sle/ihen'i,  Walirooi,  8p#,-This  ani- 
mated discourse  appears  lo  answer  every 
objection  which  has  been  urged  against 
the  Church  of  England  as  a  national 
establish  me  ut,  and  Ihe  slightest  glauce 
will  show  that  our  eloquent  author  baa 
not  "  forgot  bis  cunning"  as  on  orator. 
Dr.  Croly  maintains  that  "  Episcopacy  is 
thepillar  of  the  Church  of  England.  Wc 
most  strengthen  and  secure  that  pillar. 
Without  asking  additional  seats  in  the 
Lords,  I  would  place  a  Bishop  in  every 
shire  of  England  and  Wales.  Then,  in- 
stead of  a  few  prelates,  embarraaied  by 
the  ealent  of  tbeir  jnrisdiation,  and  ei- 
hiustedby  its  petty  and  perpetual  routine; 
we  should  ha«e  >  lai^  body  of  active, 
vigorous,  and  learned  men,  saperintend- 
idg  the  Establishment,  and  especially 
marshalling  its  learning  and  abiUty,  for 
the  contest  with  Sectarianism.  I  wonld 
have  every  Cathedral  a  College,  for  the 
eipresa  study  of  Theologv.  There  are 
thirty  Chsplera  in  England  and  Wales. 
The  Canons  should  be  the  professors  of 
those  Cathedral  Colleges,  ditengsged  from 
parochial  duty,  and  farming  the  Cooocil 
of  the  Diocese.  There  should  be  an  in- 
crease of  the  active  agency  of  the  Church. 
The  Rural  Deans,  even  now  an  ni  '  ' 
body,  should  he  a  fixed  and  salaried  Oi 
GmluitouB  serricea  soon  grow  cold.  Tbet 
should  be  in  «*ery  Diocete  flxeil  Com* 
2A 


4 


178 


MueManeomi  Rmtw9» 


[Ang. 


■itton  of  tbe  Clerfj,  appoiatod  by  tbe 
PMtte,  for  dcAnnl  femccs.— Om,  ex- 
fnmAf  for  the  ivtnt  dcince  of  Chrkti- 
■Bilf ,  agdast  an  attacks  of  iofidaity,  of 
poperj,  and  ofreHgio—  fiKtkm. — ^Another, 
to  aaperintaMl  all  tba  obyeeti  of  pabKc 
edaeatkm,  ia  icImioU,  workhovm,  libra- 
IMS  for  the  people,  aajlams,  almaboMca, 
aad  togiTe  lectures  OBflBfafeeta  of  general 
{■terest,  or  Scr^itiiral  iafomsatioa. — 
Aaotfaer,  to  have  imclcr  its  diarge  aH  tbe 
•peratioBS  of  cbaritT,  eoBectiona  for  tbe 
OTpban  aad  tbe  deoa jed,  CbarHj  Senaons, 
eaatribmtioiis  for  tbe  poor,  burial  foads, 
Md  Benefit  Societies.— Anodier,  for  tbe 
■apcriBtendenee  of  all  tbtngs  oooneeled 
wilb  tbe  proprieties  of  Divioe  worsbip, 
tte  Ibmiihinf  of  cbwcbes,  tbeir  repair, 
tbeir  boildmf .  and  tbe  skiU  and  bcMittj  of 
tteir  arebiteetnre.  This  principle  of  di- 
vided dnties  is  not  new.  In  tbe  Apostolic 
age  tbere  were  atae  Orders,  aooordiag  to 
tte  gifts  of  tbe  Holy  Spirit,  all  witb 
esptcial  objects,  and,  we  may  be  con- 
Tiaeed,  all  neoessarr,  eren  for  tbe  few 
tboasands  of  tbe  early  Cbarcb.  In  Bri- 
tain, we  bave  twenty  oiflHoBs  to  en- 
l^^teal" 

Tie  CbaMdiar  •/  Plmmtmt,  TVaatJMil 
tff  H.  T.  Riley,  B,A.  3  aslt.  pati  9m. 
(BOaV  aatrieml  li^rsrp.)— Sebdler,  m 
iiB  «*  Pnecepta  StjU  Latbii,'*  says,  fai  tbe 
ehapter  De  liectione  Prisoonua,  "  Nee 
naatas  plane  omittendos  est.**  (p.  759.) 
Nlebvbr  oonsideri  bim '^  one  of  tbe  greatest 
poetical  gcniases  of  antiqaity,"  defends 
Bin  against  tbe  low  estimation  of  Horaee, 
aad  fijeets  tbe  story  of  his  gaining  a  liring 
by  woridag  at  a  haad-mfll.  (Lect.  oa 
SiMian  Hist.  i.  261,  iL  163.)  SirTho- 
BMS  More  pleads  for  him  in  bis  Epistle  to 
Dorpias ;  and,  what  ii  more  interesting, 
be  was  one  of  the  two  dassies  that  haiktr 
took  witb  him  into  tbe  convent  at  ErAirt, 
the  odier  being  Virgil.  (Life  by  Michdet, 
p.  8.)  His  feiolts  He  eonspicaoasly  on 
the  earfaee,  end  therefore  insinnate  ao 
eabtie  poison  into  the  reader's  ndnd  ;  still 
they  are  snffident,  in  tbe  estimation  of 
HaricB,  who  diicnsses  them  foUy  in  his 
krgcr  Notitia  (while  allowing  him  great 
nridae),  to  predade  his  being  put  into  tbe 
Deads  of  youth.  The  aatbor  of  *'  Obser- 
TBtions  on  the  CUsiics,  1753,"  jnatly  re- 
maiks,  that  *<  Terence  often  runs  into 
tragedy,  and  Plautus  into  faroe."  (p.  SS8.) 
We  cannot  help  obserring,  that  it  is  sor- 
prising  that  a  writer  like  Minndns  Felix 
sboold  make  no  mention  of  tbe  Amphi- 
tryon, which  moit  have  helped  to  nnder- 
ittne  paganism,  when  once  contrasted 
witb  Christianity. 

The  text  mast  have  presented  greet 
diAcBities  to  the  transktor.    Bentley  need 


to 


iplsiB  of  it ;  sad  Harwood,  who  ap- 
to  bare  caidaDy  stadied  it,  says, 
"No  Latia  cliwir  leqaiies  a  eolla^a  of 
MSS.  aad  an  improved  edition  ao  mocfa 
as  Plaatas."  Mr.  RiWr  has  availed  him- 
self of  the  several  laboort  of  Rttscbd, 
Hildyard,  liadeaiaBB,  Pleckdaen,  Sdimei- 
der,  and  Weise.  Tbe  varioas  readings, 
ftc.  Aaoovered  by  Mai  have  been  applied, 
as  for  as  was  practicable,  to  tbe  text.  Of 
tbeae  Kl^;ling   gives   as    tiie  fc^owing 


"  Fkagaieata  qaBdam  Plaoti  naper  de- 
fcezit  Aagdas  Mai  ia  codice  palinipsesto 
bOdkitbees  Ambmsiaas  Mediolaaenais,  in 
<|ae  veteris  Testamenti  libri  qaidam  erant 
weaipCL  Ycrsas  drdler  Ix.  integri  emti 
SBBt  ex  hoc  oodice  valde  lacerato,  alio- 
raasqae  singala  verba,  e  qaibas  tamen  ad 
lllaeti  iiids  varia  loca  hand  param  profici 
potest.*^  (Addit.  ad  Haries.  1819,  p.  18.) 
Tbe  priadiMd  fragments  are  given  in  tbe 
Appendix,  part  iv.  Tbe  notea  are  eopioas, 
and  tbe  whole  work  is  creditable  to  the 
traadator's  adiolarrilip  and  indastry. 

Tbere  is  a  short  dissertation  at  ii.  394, 
on  tboee  linea  in  the  Poennhia,  which  are 
geaerally  sapposed  to  be  Carthaginian. 
The  traasiator,  however,  doea  not  allnde 
to  tbe  hypothesis  of  General  Yallancey, 
who  endeavoored  to  demonstrate  tbeir 
identity  with  Irisb.  Tbere  are,  it  is 
evident,  some  strong  verbd  resemblances, 
bat  tbe  theory  has  been  poshed  too  for  to 
be  tenable. 


BriiM  Qjamdnymb,  2ad  9d.     8gum^ 
I6aie.    pp,  xvL  2o0. 

Briiiik  BirdM.    pp.  viiL  S16.— We  are 
not  aware  of  any  recent  work,  on  what  may 
be  celled  the  Literatnre  of  Natnral  His- 
tory, exhibiting  a  list  of  books  on  the  sob- 
jeet,  with  cridcd  and  biographical  notices* 
Not  that  the  idea  is  a  novelty,  for  Scheuxer 
pnbtisbed  a  **  Bibliotheca  S<7iptonim  his- 
toriK  natandi  inservientiam,'*  at  Zoricb, 
in  1716.    The  **  Bibliotheca  Animalis*'  of 
Barekmann  (Wolfenbnttd,  1743)  contains 
a  list  of  soologicd  works.    To  the  **  Omi- 
thologia*'  of  Manetti  (Florence,  1767),  is 
jMrefixed  an  **  Auetomm  omninm  cttalogus 
qai  de  avibos  scripsenmt.**     Artedi,  the 
mend  of  Linncns,  has  simiUriy  iUastrated 
ichthyology ;  and  his  work,  which  iras  edited 
by  that  eminent  natondist,  has  justly  bm 
called  a  monument  raited  to  his  memory, 
after  his  melancholy  death  by  drowning  in 
1735.     Nor  has   conchology  wanted   its 
bibliograpbers,  as  the  names  of  Maton 
and   Rackett  testify.     Particular  nations 
have  also  had  their  catdognes,  for  instance, 
that  of  French  writers  by  Leiong,  and 
that  of  Swiss  by  Hdler.     We  ought  not 
to  omit  the  catdogue  of  the  library  of  Sir 
Joseph  Banks,  by  Dryander,  the  pupil  of 


1853.] 


MkceUur 


LiiuiMiu,  which  |ireieuU  ■  clauilied  ar- 
nagBmeqt  ood  inilysu  of  works  en  natn- 
r»l  hislorj.  But  IbBt  wnrk  lielons*  to  Ibe 
lait  century,  snd  a  new  generalioa  of 
bi>oki,  u  well  aa  of  readars,  baa  aritca 
since  its  appearance. 

The  difficult;  would  now  br  to  draw  the 
line  between  scientific  works  and  those 
irhich  are  merely  po|>ular  or  elementary, 
and  ao  numerous.  Tae  two  Tolumei  be- 
fore ua.  which  are  publiBhcJ  hy  the  Re- 
ligiaiu  Tract  Suciety,  would  claim  a  place 
on  the  border.  They  ore  pleasingly  written, 
and  full  of  anecdote  ;  and  iF  we  must  offer 
a  speeimeo  it  will  be  by  referring  the  reader 
lo  p.  67  (Quadrupeds)  for  a  curious  ae- 
cauat  of  MineCte,  the  late  Bernese  pointer, 
who  has  been  colled  "The  Raphael  of 
Ctti."  Tim  tate  oF  the  canary  at  Clciea 
(Birds,  p.  l(ig-llS)  is  intereating,  hut  it 
has  I  melancholy  end.  For  one  reason  we 
can  particularly  recDmmend  these  volumes 
— that  they  itieulcate  humanity  throughout 
toward  the  animal  creation.  We  may  add 
that,  bjr  being  devoted  to  British  animals, 
they  will  gire  the  reader  more  definite  and 
specific  notions  of  natural  history,  than  he 
usually  acquires  from  indiscriminate  works. 
He  ought  to  be  acquainted  with  theioology 
of  his  native  country,  as  well  as  with  its 
botany,  geography,   and  civil  or  military 

Off  jn.1  and  Idioit .  a  short  Aetouat  of 
Pragreii  of  the  Inflilulioni  for  lAeir  Rt- 
titf  and  Cart.     London,   18a3.— This  is 

the  best  account  wb  have  seen  of  one  of 
the  meat  self-sacciGciug  and  truly  heroic 
movements  of  the  day.  When  ne  picture 
to  ourselves  the  society  to  which  Msy  are 


e  lowF 


■e  led  them  to  devote 
their  healthy  years  to  inlereoursea  revolt- 
ing to  the  senses  and  unretieahiog  to  the 
mind,  we  confess  that  it  appears  to  us  as 
if  DO  mitiioiurT  work  that  has  ever  been 
planned  could  be  so  generous,  so  little 
likely  to  minister  to  human  vanity  and 
si-lf-seeking  as  this  of  tending  Cretins  and 

Take  the  result  at  its  very  betFt.  (and  we 
urc  far  indeed  from  undervaluing  the  gain), 
no  one  of  theie  victims  of  early  disease 
perhaps  can  be  eipected  lo  rise  beyond  a 
low  level  of  iDtclligence ;  there  will  not, 
there  cannot  be,  any  thing  spprosctung  to 
a  high  state  of  iuteltect  among  them — and 
individual  morality,  we  all  know,  if  not 
intejiarablo,  yet  is  closely  connected  with 
the  development  of  the  faculties.  The  in- 
stances given  seem  to  us  to  prove  this, 
manifestly  Tavaurable  as  theyare.  But  we 
think  all  the  more  highly  of  these  noble 
efforts  and  their  results.  No  lordly  co  I 
tegu  for  enabling   young  gentlemen   to 


Uks  the  sUndiug  of  ilLk.  or  B.A.  through 
their  future  lives,  eon  boast  of  schieve- 
ments  like  those  witnessed  at  the  Abend- 
berg  and  at  our  own  institutions  at  High- 
gate  and  Colcheater.  The  whole  con- 
ditions oreiistEncebave,  for  many  of  their 
unfortunate  iomntesi  been  reversed — from 
suffering  they  have  been  brought  into  hap- 
piness— from  total  uselessoess,  or  some- 
thing worse,  they  have  been  transmuted 
into  serviceable  creotures.  Music  and 
bright  colours,  generally  pleasant  to  then, 
are  made  to  awaken  their  dormant bcnltiea. 
Tlie  one  or  the  two  thing)  for  which  they 
have  a  talent  are  cultivated,  whether  it  be 
drawing  or  model-making,  or  sewing  on 
buttons.  We  have  no  doubt  that  the  hap- 
piness of  witnessing  these  tranaforaialions 
is,  to  those  who  have  effected  them,  intense. 
One  painful  consideration,  however, 
occurs  to  us.  Nothing  is  said  in  the  books 
we  have  seen  on  the  sobaequeDt  experience 
of  the  idiots'  friends.  Now  this  is  really 
a  very  important  point.  As  a  permanent 
residence  we  shoidd  suppose  the  asyluma 
are  all  that  i»uld  be  desired.  While  every 
person  and  thing  is  devoted  to  his  good 
and  jileaaure,  the  sufferer  can  hardly  bo 
otherwise  than  improved  and  happy;  but 
it  is  punful  to  think  to  what  opposite  con- 
ditions he  may  return.  Among  the  poor, 
especially,  injndicions  treatment  is  the  rule, 
judicious  the  eiception  in  these  cases.  We 
sbonki  be  glad  to  know  that  wherever  it  is 
possible  to  make  the  odd  species  of  talent 
possessed  by  some  of  these  unfortuoatea 
Bvoileblei  pains  are  taken  \a  place  them  in 
fBTOurable  positions ;  otherwise  wa  wish 
them  no  better  lot  than  s  life  within  these 
sheltered  abodes,  while,  at  the  same  time, 
the  public  is  defended  from  the  uncertain 
and  too  probable  evils  of  their  being  at 
large. 

Ftmarit  on  Ms  Prophiiic  VMant  nf 
the  Book  of  Danitl.  By  S.  P.  Tregelles, 
LL.D.    Potl  atio.  pp.  xii.  .TH  {ilA  ed.) 

TieSlruclurtofProphK!/.  B J  James 
Douglas  >;/■  Caeers.     'idtd.     8po.  pp.  93. 

The  Key  to  M*  Mytery.  By  Edward 
Richer  ^JVanf».      12ma.  pp.  ci.  314. 

We  have  placed  these  works  together, 
as  they  have  reached  us  nearly  at  the  same 
time,  and  belong  to  the  same  cUss,  though 
differing  in  some  respects.  To  the  general 
study  of  prO]jhecy,  we  would  apply  what 
Bengel  says  of  Sacred  Chronology,  "  While 
1 .  .  .  have  been  borne  along  on  the  cnr< 
rent  of  time  from  century  to  century,  the 
doings  not  only  of  private  individuals,  but 
even  of  the  greatest  roonarchs,  have  ap- 
peared lo  me  as  '  a  very  little  thing,'  oa 
the  mere  passing  of  a  wave  in  the  great 
ocean  scene."     (Life,  p.  331.) 

1.  The  first  of  these  works  now  appeui 


180 


Mucellaneous  Reviews* 


[Aug. 


for  the  fourth  time,  re? ised  and  consider- 
ably enlarged.  The  author  is  well  known 
by  his  translation  of  the  Apocalypse,  his 
History  of  the  Jansenists,  and  his  "  His- 
toric Evidence  of  the  Authorship  and 
Transmission  of  the  Books  of  the  New 
Testament.'^  Although,  on  examination 
of  the  Remarks,  we  find  ourselves  at  vari- 
ance with  him,  on  some  points  which  affect 
his  system  of  interpretation,  we  must  not 
measure  the  merits  of  the  work  by  its  ac- 
cordance with  oar  prepossessions.  It  con- 
tains much  that  is  valuable,  and  argues  its 
opinions  ably.  Even  those  who  differ  from 
Dr.  Tregelles  must  allow  him  at  least  the 
praise  of  being  *'  haudquaquam  spernendus 
auctor,*'  which  Livy  gives  Polybius.  (xxx. 
45.)  Nor  would  we  advise  opponents  to 
meet  him  with  inconclusive  arguments; 
for,  as  the  celebrated  Conde  said  of 
Turenne.  faults  are  not  committed  in  his 
presence  with  impunity.  The  "  Defence 
of  the  Authenticity  of  Daniel,'*  in  op- 
position to  Dr.  Arnold,  is  now  added,  and 
the  addition  is  a  valuable  one.*  The  inci- 
dental defence  of  the  common  rendering  of 
211m.  iii.  16  (p.  285-8)  will  also  deserve 
the  student^s  attention.  Altogether,  this 
work  may  profitably  be  read  in  connection 
with  others,  though,  as  its  views  are  not 
entirely  our  own,  we  cannot  offer  it  to  the 
reader  as  a  manual  of  the  subject. 

2.  The  Treatise  on  **  The  Structure  of 
Prophecy,"  by  Mr.  Douglas  of  Cavers, 
contains  the  substance  of  five  lectures.  It 
would  serve  as  an  introduction  to  a  coarse 
of  reading.    The  author  is  well  known  by 

.  his  **  Errors  regarding  Religion''  and  "The 
Advancement  of  Society."  Another  of  his 
writings,  entitled  "  Popery  and  Infidelity** 
(8vo.  pp.  52),  was  put  into  our  hands  along 
with  this.  It  is  a  good  sketch  of  a  prac- 
tical kind,  and  may  also  be  useful  to  the 
junior  classes  in  controversy. 

3.  As  the  author  of  the  "  Key  to  thd 
Mystery"  dates  from  Nantes,  we  presume 
he  is  connected  with  "  Ed.  Richer,  homme 
de  lettres  et  sans  contredit  le  litterateur  le 
plus  distingue  qu'ait  produit  la  ville  de 
Nantes,"  author  of  a  **  Precis  de  I'His- 
toire  de  Bretagne"  and  **  Voyage  Pitto- 
resque,*'  in  the  Department  of  the  Loire- 
Inferieure.  (See  the  History  of  that 
Department,  by  Girault  de  Saint- Fargcau, 
1829,  p.  117.)    This  work  is  a  familiar 

*  This  portion  is  to  be  published  sepa- 
rately. 


exposition  of  Swedenbourg's  explanation  of 
the  Apocalypse,  and  therefore  will  suit  the 
followers  of  his  system,  and  them  only. 
The  interlocutors  (for  it  is  written  in  dia- 
logue) treat  preceding  commentators  with 
little  ceremony,  and  Bossuet  (whom  a 
French  writer  could  hardly  avoid  noticing) 
fares  like  the  rest.  M.  Richer  sometimes 
detects  the  mistakes  into  which  others  have 
fallen,  by  substituting  literal  interpreta- 
tions for  spiritual  ones,  but  falls  himself 
into  the  opposite  error.  So  hard  is  it,  in 
systematic  writings,  to  avoid  extremes. 
The  principal  use  of  this  volume  is  to 
teach  theorists  to  be  cautious,  for  fear  of 
antagonist  criticism ;  but  it  is  about  the 
last  book  that  we  should  think  of  re- 
commending to  a  beginner  in  prophetical 
study. 

Fables  de  Gay :  traduites  en  vert  fVan- 
caitpar  le  Chevalier  de  Chatelain,  auteur 
det  PromilhiideSt  det  Glorieutes,  det 
"  Rambles  through  Rome,**  Sfc,  12mo.— 
This  is  a  free  and  spirited  translation  of 
an  old  favourite  in  English  poetry,  some- 
what extended  in  phraseology,  as  all  ver- 
sified translations  must  be,  and  particularly 
of  so  sententious  a  writer  as  Gay.  M.  de 
Chatelain  has,  however,  cleverly  sur- 
mounted many  of  the  difficulties  of  his 
task  by  a  frequent  variation  of  metre.  He 
has  been  for  many  years  resident  in 
London,  having  been  French  tutor  to  the 
present  Duke  of  Wellington,  to  whom  this 
book  b  dedicated.  He  has  in  preparation 
a  more  varied  work,  a  translation  of  the 
'*  Beaut^s  de  la  Poesie  Anglaise,''  of  which 
several  specimens  are  given  at  the  close  of 
the  present  volume,  and  tbey  show  much 
cleverness  and  versatility  of  expression. 

Hinlt  on  the  BstablUhment  qf  Public 
Industrial  Schools  for  the  Working  Classes. 
By  the  Rev.  John  Sedgewick. — We  sup- 
pose most  thinkers  in  England  are  of  Mr. 
Sedgewick's  opinion  that  it  would  be  an 
excellent  thing  to  have  a  sound  industrial 
education  provided  for  the  children  of  the 
poor;  but  public  boarding-schools,  set 
apart  for  that  purpose,  though  not  a  new 
idea  (for  it  was  broached  many  years  ago 
by  a  clergyman,  the  Rev.  £.  Biber),  we 
have  never  written  or  talked  against, 
simply  because  we  thought  the  scheme 
wholly  impracticable.  It  was  scarcely 
worth  recapitulating  moral  objections  to 
what  seemed  socially  impossible. 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


ARCH«OLOGICAL  INSTITUTE  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN  AND  IRELAND. 


The  anaual  mcEliiig  of  this  aocLelj  was 
ojicneil  at  Chichester  an  Tueidty,  the  12tli 
of  July.  Tliu  fint  gnchering  took  plicc  in 
the  Auemhl;  Roams,  where  Lord  Talbol 
de  Malahids  took  hi!  eeat  ig  Prosidcot, 
■npparted  b;  the  Mnjur  of  the  city  aad 
the  BUhop  of  Cbieheater  ;  and  the  mem- 
ben  of  the  Corporation  trere  present  in 
their  rabet  of  office,  and  presented  a  cdd- 
gntuhitcrr  addresi,  which  nu  read  by  the 
town  clerk.  The  ooble  chairmao  ei- 
pieiied  bis  grBtifintion  at  the  reception 
with  which  the  nocirtj  wag  lionoored,  md 
explained  Its  objecl*  to  be  the  coolirnin- 
tion  of  historical  Iroth  and  tbe  improve- 
ment of  laite  in  art.  He  alluded  to  the 
effects  of  the  Great  Exliibitiou  of  1851  as 
having  coDtribnIed  to  the  latter  object, 
and  gtn  some  account  of  the  interesting 
(trch>DlDgical  mnseom  which  is  now  at- 
tached to  the  EihibitioD  in  Duhlio. 

After  the  preliminary  busiiieii  had  been 
traniBcted,  Edward  Frcemiu,  eiq.  waa 
called  upon  to  lielirer  a  paper  On  the  Life 
and  DtBth  of  Earl  Goiiicin.  He  com- 
menced hj  remarking  that  it  was  within 
the  county  of  Su!9ei  that  tbe  greatest 
eienta  for  many  ceatuiies  elapsed.  Within 
its  limits  the  libectir  of  Eogland  whi  lost 
and  regained.  It  waa  here  that  Harold 
(elt  and  De  Montfort  Iriumpbcd.  Earl 
God*in  was  one  whoic  cbattcler  it  had 
been  the  object  of  the  chronlclerii  through 
many  cenluriea  to  Tilifj  and  blacken.  It 
was  tbe  policy  of  Norman  and  Ecclesiasti- 
cal wrilert  to  thrnw  obloquy  on  a  family 
which  wai  an  obstacle  to  Norman  ioflueoce 
and  in  disfaiour  witb  the  Church.  But 
when  we  tnm  to  the  Saion  Chronicle  and 
la  Klorence  of  Worcester  wo  lind  nothing 
of  llie  kind.  Wc  read  no  more  of  liis 
treachery  or  lis  crimei ;  but  he  appears 
Uthepalrioliclraderof  tbe£nglish  party, 
•Dd  tbo  great  opponent  of  Nnnnan  in- 
lerlterence.  In  Mr.  Freeman's  opinion, 
Godwin,  Ihongh  ■  cold,  crafty,  end  aelf- 
interesteil  politician,  was  nevertheleia,  as 
Ttusrry  npreBcnti  him,  a  genuine  English 
patriot,  On  the  present  occasion  he 
ihoold  chiefly  direct  sttcuUon  to  aome 
disputed  points  in  Godwin's  history.  The 
Drat  quealiou  respects  his  parentage,  npon 
which  there  are  two  conflicting  accounts, 
one  which  stales  liioi  to  have  been  the  son 
of  a  herdsmaD.  the  other  that  he  was  the 
•oa  nf  ■■  child  Wnirnoth,  the  South  Suion. 
a«  tdBuial  of  England."      The   latter 


Btatemcnt  is  derived  from  a  patssi;'  o'^  <^e 
SflxonChronicle,  where  the  child  Wolfnoth 
is  mentioned,  and  where  tbe  wordi  "  the 
father  of  Earl  Godwin  "  are  deficient  in 
Tarious  MSS.  Mr.  Freeman,  tberefore, 
thinks  it  not  improbable  that  they  are  a 
gloss,  founded  in  a  miscouception.  Earl 
Godwin's  father  having  been  another 
Wulfnoth,  and  very  possibly  tbe  herds- 
man of  the  other  ilory.  But  this  conda- 
aion  would  withdraw  hia  nativity  from 
Sussex,  as  the  locality  of  the  herdsman 
was  Sherslon,  on  the  borders  of  Wiltshire 
and  Gloucestershire.  It  is  not  at  all  im- 
possible that  Godwin  may  hoTe  risen  from 
obscurity,  as  Eadric  had  done  before  bim. 
Two  years  lAer  the  sccesiion  of  Canute, 
Godwin  was  made  an  Earl  in  reward  for 
his  victory  over  tlie  Wendi ;  and  through- 
out that  reign  he  appcari  as  a  person  of 
the  foremost  importance.  At  an  early 
]>eriod  of  the  Danish  sway  he  formed 
some  matrimonial  sltlBncG  witb  tbe  royal 
fdmity  ;  but  on  this  point  also  there  arc 
discrepancies  inthcchroniclera.  Malmes- 
bury  states  that  Godwin  married  twice ; 
that  his  first  wife  was  the  sister  of  Canute. 
and  that  she  hadonesonwhowas  drowned; 
that  after  her  death  he  married  a  second 
wife,  whose  name  is  unknown,  and  that 
ahc  was  mother  of  his  sons,  Harold, 
Snegn,  Tostig,  Wulfnoth,  Gyrth,  and 
Leofwine.  Mr.  Freeman  tbuught  it  was 
clear  that  all  Godwin's  historical  cLIldreo 
were  born  oF  a  Danish  wife,  named  Gitba; 
but  whether  she  was  his  second  wife  or 
not  is  uncertain.  At  the  death  of  Canute 
Godwin  appeara  as  the  chief  person  of 
English  blood  in  the  kingdom.  The  qaes- 
tion  here  arose,  had  he  or  had  he  nol  any 
ahare  in  betraying  .^theling  vEKred  to 
Harold  tlie  First,  or  in  the  torments  which 
that  harbariau  inflicted  upon  hia  rival  and 
his  adherenU?  To  eiamine  this  they 
innst  look  to  the  state  of  afl^airs  alter  the 
death  of  Canute,  when  tbe  crowna  which 
had  been  heaped  on  his  head  were  disputed 
by  numerous  successors.  By  the  marriage 
agreement  of  Canute  and  Emma,  the  crown. 

to  Ifarthacanute.    Tbe  Danes, 

to  Malmeshury.  were  in  favour  of  tit 

the  English  divided  between  Harthacannt* 

and  tbe  sons  of  Ethelred;   Ood'  ' 

pesred  as  tbe  champion  of  Harlhocanute. 

Ai  the  tale  WPS  generally  told,  the  king- 

<lom   waa   divided  between   Harold 


182 


Antiquarian  Researches, 


[Aug. 


Harthacanate,  the  latter  taking  the  terri- 
tory south  of  the  Thames  ;  but  as  the  new 
king  of  the  West  Saxons  still  remained  in 
Denmark^  Emma  and  Godwin  governed 
in  his  name  at  Winchester;  ^Ifr^  comes 
over,  lands  at  Sandwich,  is  seized  by  God- 
win, carried  before  Harold  and  murdered, 
Emma  driTcn    into    exile,    and    Harold 
elected  king  of  all  England.    There  was 
something  improbable  in  this  story — God- 
win, lately  the  bulwark  of  Harthacanute, 
transformed  into  the  minister  of  Harold, 
and  in  several  other  points  it  was  incon- 
sistent.    Amidst  a  mass  of  difficulties  and 
conflicting   statements,    the   great    Earl, 
every  other  action  of  whose  life  was  that 
of  a  patriot,  was  at  least  entitled  to  a  ver- 
dict of  Not  proven,  if  not  of  Not  guilty. 
On  the  death  of  Harthacanute  in  1042, 
Edward   was  peaceably  elected  king,  and 
Godwin  retained  for  some  years  the  direc- 
tion of  affairs.    The  essayist  then  pro- 
ceeded at  length  with  the  history  of  Earl 
Godwin's  prosperity,  of  his  protest  against 
the  introduction  of   foreigners  into  the 
Court,  of  his  banishment  through  refusing 
to  chastise  the  people  of  Dover  for  as- 
saulting the  suite  of  Eustace  Count  of 
Boulogne,  and  of  his  return.    That  God- 
win was  the  real  champion  of  English 
freedom  and  nationality  was  clear.     He 
did  not,  however,  long  survive  his  resto- 
ration, for  the  year  after  his  return  he 
died.     He  was  taken  ill,  we  are  informed, 
while  dining  with  the  king  at  Winchester. 
The  Normans  and  others  of  his  enemies 
looked  on  this  in  the  light  of  a  judgment, 
and  the  old  story  of  Ethelstan's  being 
choked  by   his    food  is  worked    up  by 
Brompton  and  Knighton  into  one  of  the 
death  of  Godwin.    Mr.  Freeman  concluded 
with  an  estimate  of  the  character  of  Qod- 
win,  as  one  unrivalled  in  natural  ability 
and  in  experience,  bold,  far-seeing,  poli- 
tic, and  seeking  the  good  of  his  country, 
whilst  not  neglecting  his  own ;  often  ac- 
cused of  fraud,  but  never  of  force,  and  (as 
represented  by  an  unfavourable  testimony, 
Malmesbury,)  an  eloquent  speaker,  skilled 
in  the  art  of  guiding  popular  assemblies. 
His  great  panegyrist  is  the  author  of  the 
Vita  Edwardi,  which  is  quoted  by  Stowe, 
and  l^m  Stowe  by  Thorpe,  but  the  original 
of  which  has  escaped  Mr.  Freeman's  re- 
searches. 

At  an  evening  meeting  the  Rev.  J.  L. 
Petit  undertook  to  describe  the  ArehiteC' 
ture  of  Boxgrove  Priory  Church.  It  is  one 
of  the  finest  specimens  of  the  Norman  style 
which  prevails  through  a  large  portion  of 
the  south  of  England.  The  quire  alone, 
with  mutilated  transepts,  is  all  that  now 
remains,  and  is  85  feet  in  length,  the  ori- 
ginal length  of  the  whole  church  having 

n  220  feet    This  quire  b  almost  un- 


equalled in  England  for  purity  of  style :  its 
arcade  is  remarkable,  presenting  in  four 
compartments  two  pointed  arches  placed 
within  a  round  arch, — a  design  very  usual 
in  the  triforium,  but  seldom  seen  in  the 
lower  story.  It  was  vaulted  with  stone 
previous  to  the  close  of  the  1 2th  century. 
The  central  tower  has  a  fine  Norman  ar- 
cade in  the  interior.  Originally  there  was 
no  south  aisle.  Adjoining  the  church  there 
remains  in  ruins  a  fine  Norman  entrance  to 
the  chapter-house  A  neighbouring  build- 
ing, called  the  Refectory,  was  unroofed 
only  a  few  years  ago. 

Mr.  Sharpe,  of  Lancaster  (author  of 
various   important  architectural  works), 
afterwards  gave  a  lecture  on  the  successive 
styles  of  Ecclesiastical  Architecture,   as 
divided,  according  to  his  system,  into  the 
periods  of  Saxon,  Norman,  Transitional, 
Lancet,    Geometrical,    Curvilinear,    and 
Rectilinear.     After    developing  the   ele- 
mentary principles  of  architectural  criti- 
cism   in    these    successive  periods,   Mr. 
Sharpe  proceeded  to  point  out  their  various 
examples  existing  in  the  county  of  Sussex. 
To  commence  with  the  Cathedral,  in  that 
building  the  Norman  period  is  admirably 
represented  in  the  choir,  as  is  also  the 
Transitional  period.  There  does  not  appear 
to  have  been  much  work  done  there  in  the 
Lancet  period  ;  but  in  the  robing  room,  or 
original  sacristy,  there  are  some  good  spe- 
cimens of  this  period.    The  Geometrical 
is  represented  in  some  early  work  on  the 
north  side  and  at  the  east  end  of  the  Lady 
Chapel.     Of  the  Curvilinear  there  is  a 
noble  specimen  in  the  large  transept  win- 
dow, with  similar  tracerv  above.     The 
Rectilinear  is  representea   in  the  large 
north  window  in  the  north  transept,  which 
is  unsurpassed  by  any  in  the  kingdom, 
with  the  exception   of  Ely.     For  speci- 
mens of  Saxon  Architecture  he  would  name 
the   churches    of  Worth,   Bosham,  and 
Sompting.    Tliere  is  no  specimen  of  the 
Saxon  style  superior  to  Uiat  at  Worth. 
The  tower  of  Sompting  church   is  un- 
doubtedly of  Saxon  work.     At  Bosham  it 
is  evidenced  in  the  tower  arch,  the  win- 
dow over  the  tower  arch,  and  also  in  por- 
tions of  the  chancel  arch.    The  Norman 
period  is  to  be  seen  at  Old  Shoreham. 
At  Steyning  is  a  fragment  of  an  original 
early-Norman  building.    At  Amberley  a 
portion  is  Norman  ;  and  at  Newhaven  is 
a  small  church  of  the  same  period.     Of 
the  Transitional  period  specimens  are  ex- 
tant at  Broadwater,  at  Boxgrove,  at  New 
Shoreham,  and  at  Climping.     Climpinc 
church  is  a  Lancet  building  from  one  end 
to  the  other.    At  Tarring  there  is  an  ex- 
cellent example.  Abo  at  Amberley,  Frant, 
Appledram,  Bosham,  Donnington,  Box- 
grore,  and  Ntw  Shoreham.     The  G«o« 


1853.]         The  Archtsologieaf  Lxslitult  of  Great  Brilain. 


Brouiwster.  The  CnrvUiaear  In  the  chan- 
cel ■(  BCToick,  It  Sutton.  Newick,  Bk. 
The  Rpctilincnr  it  Arundel,  AifriiUm. 
Pofnings,  Slc.  Shorcham  church  con- 
riats  of  a  nBTp  and  north  and  eouth  lUles. 
■  centnl  one  and  a  cluuicel.  This  mg  its 
□riginBl  state  ;  but  a  great  portion  of  the 
Normaa  part  of  the  building  baa  been  re- 
mored.  The  naTs  of  the  Norman  cbarch 
i>  a  heap  of  ruins ;  but  euoagh  is  left  to 
enable  ui  to  trace  the  original  design. 
The  ground'Btorj  and  walla  are  Tran- 
litionil ;  and  the  clercstorir  Ldncet.  It 
may  be  lappoeed  that  the  npprr  part  was 
not  a  reiitorstion,  bat  that  the  irork  had 
been  continned  after  a  long  ietaj,  during 
which  time  a  change  had  taken  place  In 
the  design  of  building.  Mr.  Sharpe  next 
called  attention  to  one  or  two  insertlonn 
of  the  Traiultional  period  at  Shorehmn 
and  Stejning :  with  which  he  concluded 
hit  lecture,  amid  general  applanse. 

On  Wtdiietday  July  13iA,  the  Hod. 
Robert  Canon,  on  taking  the  chair  of  the 
8«ctiou  of  Anttquiliea,  erplained  to  the 
oompany  the  curioaity  of  several  articles 
which  he  had  contributed  to  the  tempo- 


One  w 


relief  at  Me- 


of  arcamc 

Thebea.  which,  ftooi  the  has 
dinet  Ksbou,  is  coaclmled 
tame  shape  and  aiie  as  that  uaed  by  Mosea. 
but  probably  about  fifty  yean  older.  Ano- 
ther was  a  pair  of  tables,  pTcn  to  Mr. 
Chrod  by  the  Patriarch  of  Mount  SInal ; 
tbejr  are  of  the  same  shape  as  the  round- 
headed  tables  of  thccammandment*  repre- 
(ental  in  our  churches,  hot  «Htl«n  an 
both  aides  with  ancient  Jewish  Samaritan 
writing.  Mr.  CurKon  also  exhibited  a 
wand,  taken  from  the  tree  growiag  near 
the  nhriitian  monaatfry  at  Mount  Sinai, 
which  is  said  tn  hsie  sprung  from  tite  waml 
of  Hoses;  svase  of  alabattei',  liBvingalid, 
made  100  yesra  before  Christla  tbc  Bgyp- 
Oan  lawn  of  Alabaslrum,  iilDstrBlhe  of 
Mary  Magdalene's  boiof  ointment:  and  a 
hooh  in  f*c-simile  of  the  handwriting  of  St. 
Mark,  copied  from  the  manuacrlpt  of  hla 
gospel  which  was  found  in  hit  tomb,  and 
was  brought  lirst  to  Aqulleia.  and  thence 
to  Venice.  The  original  being  in  a  state 
of  rapid  decay,  an  eioct  fac-simite  of  it 
was  made  about  I&ll  yean  ago.  It  ia 
written  in  Latin,  not  in  Greek. 

The   ReT.    Lnveson   Vernoo   Karcoart 
neit  made  some  remarki  oi 
British  village  it  Bow.hill, 
'  "    which  ia  represented  (or  rather,  as 


at  they  eihlbil  too  mnch  design  to 
been  made  in  digging  stone,  a  more 
shape  could  not  pn">ilily  have 
been  contrived  for  habitation.  The  cavi- 
ties are  strictly  basin-shoped,  peculiarly 
well  adapted  to  collect  all  the  water  that 
falls  in  their  vicinity,  ao  that  they  might 
mors  properly  be  called  British  hatha  than 
a  British  viUage.  The  cavities  have  no 
symmetry  or  forra,  but  the  moonds  have 
regular  ascents  to  the  summll  of  each.  Mr. 
Harraurt  took  a  scoond  objection  to  Mr. 
Sanll's  theory,  from  the  circumstance  that 
CECsar  states  that  the  Britons  built  hoaeea 
after  the  manner  of  the  Gauls.  Mr.  Saull 
suggests  that  lb  e  pit-honses  were  roofed  with 
boughs.  No  trep  lives  long  on  the  (Aalk. 
except  the  beech ;  but  Cesar  aaja  that 
there  were  no  ftn  or  beech  in  the  island. 
Mr.  Harcourt  ooncloded  by  offering  a  aug- 
gestion  that  there  moanits  were  aacred 
mounds  intended  fbr  aacriflce.  Antici- 
pating an  objection  that  might  be  taken 
to  their  number,  he  referred  to  the  seven 
altnrs  of  Dataani  created  in  the  Held  of 
Zophim  towards  the  top  of  Pisgah. 

The  Rev.  Frederick  SpnrreU,  M,  A.  read 
a  paper  on  several  Seals  of  religions 
Guilds,  ttc.  of  which  he  had  received  im- 
prewions  from  Wisby  in  Sweden,  the  ma- 
trixes being  now  preserved  in  the  pttbllc 
museum  of  that  town.  They  are,  I.  S. 
Teuthunicorum  in  Wish!  de  Ouilda  aoi 
Ksnuti.  S.  S'  fratemitsCis  de  coniivio  sd 
Laurencii.  3.  S.  ^ternitatiasci  Nicfaotay 
in  Qotlandia.  4.  Sigill'  Thenthonicor' 
Outlandia  freqnentantinin.  i.  S.  oonvivar' 
sci  Jacob)  in  Wiaby.  6.  Sigillum  maloris 
glide  convivar'  Omnium  sianctoruro  In 
Wiaby.  Also  a  small  pointed  seal  of  the 
prior  of  the  order  of  Preachers. 

The  Rev.  Edward Tumercommanicateil 
a  paper  relative  to  the  history  of  a  Saxon 
College  at  Bosham  :  it  stood  on  the  south 
side  of  the  churchyard,  and  was  taken 
down  only  a  few  yesra  ago  when  a  new 
vicarage  was  built. 

The   Hcv.  Philip  Freeman  sent   some 
remarks   upon    two    prints  published  bjr 
Jdin  Dunstall,  in  the  r^ign  of  Charles  If. 
»aid  to  represent  "  A  temple  by  Chiches- 
ter" (and  which  are  copied  in  fac.simiie 
in  the  Sussex  Society's  Tranaactions,  roL  r. 
p.  277.)    The  building  appear*  to  repre- 
sent •  round  church,  like   that  of  Uttle 
Maplestesd   in   Essex,  and,  u  no   such 
supposed      building  now  eiiata   near  Chicheater,  the 
Chichei-      prints  have  proved  a  great  pus: ' 
'  ■:n.     Mr.  F»ei 


a  snggeil*  that,  as 


Mr.  Uurcourt  tsid,  mil  rep  resented)  in  a  the  parish  of  St.  Bartholooiew,  outside  the 

print  which  ha*  been  recently  pabliabed  in  west  gate  of  the  city,  wia  also  called  the 

Mr.  8anll's  essay  on   the  subject,   copied  parish  iiF  St.  Sepulchre,  iti  ancient  cliureh 

published  in  Mr.  Mason's  msy  have  preaenl«d  such  an  appearanoe- 


184 


AMtifmariim  IU»«arek«$. 


CA-f. 


TWp 

of  tifce  old  oos. 
Mr.  Hula,  C 


ftBid  OB  the 


of  the  Ouchcster 

oo   the 

at 

Goodwood,  which  ww  Ibvad  is  1723,  » 
Ageing  the  IbwKbtni  of  the  Coudl  Hovse 
at  Chichester :  and  int  fmbiished  by  Mr. 
Roger  Gsle  ia  the  Philoooyhicmi  Tranaac- 
tMwif.  It  is  cowimworatiTe  of  a  teaapk 
erected  lo  Neptsae  and  Minerra.  The 
atone  haa  been  qaoted  by  Dr.  Maatell, 
Richardson,  and  other  geolopats,  as  a 
proof  of  the  Saasex  anrble  baring  been 
naed  by  the  Romans ;  but  Mr.  HtUs  stated 
thia  to  be  a  mistake,  as  It  is  of  Porbeck 
and  not  of  Snasex  marble. 

At  twelve  o'clock  Mr.  Cnrxon  Taeated 
hia  aeat  in  fxwtmT  of  the  Hoo.  Fox  Strang- 


Profeaaor  WiDis  then  proceeded  with  his 
address  on  the  CtiUdrml  AreMUetmre  of 
CkicAetier.  After  making  soose  remarks 
«pon  its  general  beanty,  it  being  one  of  the 
DMMt  elegant  on  the  exterior  with  which 
he  was  acquainted,  he  remarked  that  few 
looking  npon  it  for  the  first  time  would 
think  it  an  essentiaOy  Norman  stmctnre, 
■Bade  op  as  it  was  of  all  mamirr  of  styles, 
the  reason  for  which  he  would  presently 
explain.  In  studying  an  ancient  building 
they  had  two  methods  of  arriving  at  its 
date — docnmentary  evidence,  and  if  this 
feUed  an  examinacioo  of  the  stones,  and 
making  them  tell  their  own  history.  Un- 
fortnnately,  Chichester  had  very  few  docu- 
ments— only  one  or  two  dates  obscurely 
offered.  He  must  therefore  take  the  his- 
tory of  the  building  from  its  stones  ;  and 
apply  the  dates  whererer  they  could  be 
arrived  at  The  s«e  was  removed  from 
Selsey  to  Chichester,  after  the  Norman 
Conquest,  and  the  cathedral  erected  on 
virgin  soil.  It  is  not  possiMe,  therefore, 
that  any  Saxon  architecture  could  be  here 
discovered  :  though  there  was  rude  work 
resembling  that  which  at  Winchester  was 
called  SsxoD,  but  which  he  bad  there 
dented.  The  first  cathedral  at  Chichester 
was  erected  by   bishop  Ranulphus,  who 

Presided  over  this  see  from  1095  to  1123. 
n  11 M   a  slight   fire  occurred,   which, 
howevirr,  couhl  not  have  done  much  da- 
MMfftif  AS   a  umall  subscription  soon   re- 
paired it.    In  1 18G  there  wajt  another  fire, 
mttrti  disiKitrous,  and  this  was  the  key  to 
tha  very  rmnsrkable  change  which  he  was 
about  Vt  esplaln.     But  before  they  went 
furtluTf,  \m  would  sneak  of  the  arrange- 
me«t  uf  th«  church  at  thot  time.    The 
'Elding  tiitm\uU'4  of  a  nave,   transepts, 
•  presbytarv  or  choir.    The  transepU 
apsidal  chMmU.  which   were  to  be 
id  in  nearly  all  Norman  churches  until 
triAif  pti  liad  aisUif » for  all  chapcli  at 
10 


that  tisae  were  apaadaL  la  the 
sept  there  was  stiU  left  the  great  N< 
arch  which  opened  into  the  ■psidsl 
and  the  cooEunexMremoU  of  tihe 
of  the  apse  may  still  be  detected 
exterior  waU. 

At  the  west  end  of  the  church  were  two 
towers,  and  the  nave  had  only  ooe 
on  each  side.  He  bad  arrived  at  the 
coodnsion  that  the  presbyteiy  twiiMfcrd 
with  a  sesnidrcnlar  aisle,  opening  iato 
three  radiating  chapels  as  at 

After  deacnhiag  the  prineipnl 
of  the  original  stractare,  the  Vtuhmm 
proceeded  to  consiileT  the  cOB9eq[nencca  of 
the  fire  of  1186.  It  was  evideat  that  iqp 
to  that  period  the  roof  had  been  of  wood. 
When  this  was  consuased,  the  whole  of 
the  upper  walls  were  weakened  or 
liaUy  injured;  and  the  frlfiag 
resting  on  the  ground,  and  p^^ng 
selves  up  against  the  piDars  below^  had 
ralrinfd  the  fece  of  the  stone^wur' 
ing  the  middle  story  or  tiifatiuaa 
rathrely  uninjured,  with  the  exeepCioB  of 

It  was  not  therefore  mere  cnpriee*  hut 
cessity,  which  occasioned  the  ifsandining 
of  the  original  stiucture*  and  whilst,  ha 
conformity  with  the  universal  practiee,  it 
was  restored  according  to  the  ptemiliig 
workmanship  of  the  day,  he  had  never 
before  obaerved  ao  eeonosaical  a  aaode  of 
shifting  a  cathedral  froes  one  style  into 
another.  At  Canterbury,  where  their  great 
fire  occurred  twelve  years  earlier,  the  walls 
were  entirely  taken  down;  but  at  Chiches- 
ter they  evidently  did  no  more  than  thij 
were  compelled  to  do  in  consequence  oit 
the  injuries  which  they  had  sustained. 
Canterbury  had  already  acquired  a  aaartyr 
saint,  and  was  in  receipt  of  consequent 
oblations;  but  Chichester  was  aa  yet  poor. 
The  columns  were  refoced,  the  cleieatosy 
rebuilt,  and  the  string-oouraes  and  pro- 
jecting ornaments  renewed  in  the  style  of 
the  second  period.  However,  whea  theae 
necessary  restorations  were  ejected,  they 
ventured  to  indulge  in  a  sasall  piece  of 
magnificence,  by  elongating  their  chsaeal, 
and  giving  it  a  square  ei^  ■<»«>■  JS«g  to 
the  prevailing  fashion  of  the  day.  The 
roof  of  the  church,  on 
was  vaulted ;  and  conaequently 
flat  Norman  buttresses  were 
Larger  buttreases  were  added*  and  in 
this  instance  the  original  biUelBd  strife- 
course  was  copied,  and  waa  carried  round 
them.  But  the  aonth  aiale 
finished,  when  fourarchea^ 
in  order  to  form  two 
chapels.  The  like  process 
quently  carried  on  on  the  north 
he  would  show  them  a  pier  ia  tfait 
which  is  a  perfect  museum  of 


1853,]        The  Archeeohgical  Irutitute  of  Great  Bnlain. 


ISJ 


ind  to  the  DiRasion  of  tbe  Dnke  of  Riok*    i 

mondat  Goodwood.  In  BoxgroveCburoh 
gome  furtlier  obserratioaa  on  it>  archiCeo- 
ture  were  offered  by  the  Re».  J.  L.  Petit 
nnd  by  the  Rev.  E.  Turner  the  Vicar,  and 
tbe  lattrr  olTered  Eome  obienationi  on  (ho 
bigtorj  of  Thomas  aecoad  lord  de  la  Warr, 
by  whom  a  tepulchrat  cbapel  vas  built  in 
BoigroTB  Cliurch  iu  tbe  year  153S,  but 
<rhic)i  itaa  afterwards  uroeed  as  well  from 


lo  it*  ccDtre  it  ii  of  the  original  Norman 
work  ;  agaiast  thia  on  either  lide  are  built 
Uf  portions  of  the  sEcond  period,  and 
wilhoutaide  these  are  pilas^ni  of  a  tliird 
dmp.  Modem  irchiCecti  would  not  dare 
\o  put  together  such  a  various  assemblage 
of  work,  for  some  portioos  would  surely 
(brink  and  fall,  nolets  erected  with  the  deli- 
berate patience  which  ws»  probably  usual 
in  ancient  times. 

Tbe  present  Lady  Chapel  wae  built  in 
IheDecoraled  periodbybisbop  St.Leofard.  aequence  of  the  dissolation  of  religious 
Possibly  Ihe  original  Norman  chapel  was  houaea;  as  those  of  hii  own  family.  The 
turned  with  an  apse,  the  remoTal  of  which  chapel  is  now  converted  into  a  pew,  which 
migbt  be  the  motiie  for  ila  elongation,  belongs  to  the  Dnke  of  Richmond  i  ill 
Its  proper  elevation  is  now  diminished  by  original  gates  of  wronght  iron  are  lying 
the  height  of  tbe  Duke  of  Richmond's  loose  nt  (be  end  of  the  north  aile.  After 
vault,  which  is  formed  beneath  it.  tbe  adjoining  ruins  of  the  Priory  bad  been 

The  lectorer  oeit  alluded  to  the  cano-  sorreysd,  atlentinn  was  directed  to  a  but- 
niiatiOD  of  Saint  Richard,  which  beeame  trees  on  tbe  northern  side  of  Ihe  church, 
a  great  source  of  rctcnae  to  the  church  of  on  which  are  carved  in  two  compartments  : 
Chichester.    lUchard  de  la  Wich,  who  was     1.  the  horsa  and  oak-tree  of  the  Arundel 


lUchard  de  la  Wi 
biahop  of  Chiobater  from  1248  ualil  his 
death  in  ISS2,    was 
■nd  translated  in  127S.     Uu  body 
been  originally  buried  near  an  altar    ' 
Edmund  whicb  he  had  dedicated 


1  \26 


of  St. 


frets  of  Mattravera  and  the 
cause  m'Obliet;  2.  five  crampcts, 
idje  of  De  la  Warr. 
I  ruina  of  Haluaker  HoDse  are  now 
tbe     covered  with  ivy,  which  leaves  few  if  ai 


th  put  of  the  church.    Where  bis  shrioe  architectural  features  distinguishable.  We 

was  elevated  there  is  no  present  evideace  are   informed  that  some  of  the  internal 

to  show.     The  raised  pUlfomi  behind  the  carvings  are  still  preserved  by  a  collector 

high  altar  is  older  than  the  ttme  of  St.  in  Chichester ;  and  considerable  portions 

Richard.     He  did  not  find  tbe  slightest  were  removed  (o  a  new  mansion  at  Buck- 

aulhoiily  for  ascribing  to  St.  Richard  Ihe  hurst,  by  tbe  present  Earl  De  la  Warr. 
tomb  in  the  south  tree  sept  wliich  has  been         From  thence  tbe  company  proceeded  to 


leitored  by  Mr.  Richardson, 
merely  a  sepulchral  monument,  and  differs 
entirdy  from  Ihe  ordinary  form  of  shrines; 
bnt  it  is  possible  that  the  great  paintings 
erected  in  the  lamc  part  of  the  church  by 
Bishop  Sherborne  had  gomo  reference  to 
the  sbrioe.  On  the  oest  side  of  that  Cran- 
Mt  ii  tbe  VesCrj ;  and  above  it  a  room 
which  waa  probably  tlie  Chapter-room,  as 
nodistinetbailding  for  that  purpose  occurs 
in  any  other  quarter.  Over  the  adjoining 
porch  la  another  room,  commnnicaling  by 
a  alidiag  door;  tlus  had  been  called  a 
pHaon,  but  be  regarded  it  as  ■  treasury 
■nd  evidence  room.  Tbe  porch  is  of  a 
rough  nascent  Eiirly-Engli 
the  veslry  was  erent<rf  after  iiie  poruu. — in 
Ihe  afternoon  the  Professor  accompaoied 
bis andttors  round  the  church,  and  pointed 
OIK  tbe  peculiarities  to  which  be  had  di- 
rected tbeir  attention. 

At  six  o'clock  tbe  Anniveraary  Dinner 
of  the  Inititnle  wai  held  in  the  Council 
Chamber,  Lord  Talbot  de  Malahide  in  the 
chair  j  and. in  the  evening  tbe  Bishop  of 
Chicbieater  received  the  member*  at  hit 
Palace,  to  a  conversazione,  varied  by  gleet, 
fiu3.  performed  by  Ihe  cathedral  choir. 

TAnnifay /H'y  H.  An  eicurslon  was 
mid*  thia  morning  lo  Bojgrove  Priory 
Church,  lo  tbe  mina  of  Ilalnaker  House, 

Gkht.  Mas.  Vol.  XL. 


Goodwood  House,  the  lowe 
was  thrown  entirely  open  for  their  gratifi- 
cation :  at  tbe  same  time  the  Sussex  Ar- 
cbsological  Society  held  its  sntiiveriarj 
meeting  in  the  Music  Room,  whore,  after 
the  reading  of  tbe  annual  report, 

A  paper  was  read  by  Wm,  Durrani 
Cooper,  esq.  P.S.A.  on  the  icteution  of 
British  and  Saion  words  in  tbe  names  of 
places,  farms,  &c.  within  Ihe  county  of 


Susaei 


and  on  tbe  re 


IS  of  Sax 


in  the  county, 
that,  in  the  whole  county,  tbe  Danes  had 
not  left  iu  aoy  name  an  evidence  of  occu- 
pation i  and,  except  possibly  in  the  Man- 
ind  hood  district,  near  Chicbesler,  and  among 
-In  tbe  fishermen  of  Hastings,  who  frequented 
Yarmouth  where  Ihe  Danes  had  settle, 
ments,  there  were  no  traces  of  tbe  Danish 
in  the  words  in  use  iu  Ihe  county ;  but 
the  early  British  inhabitants  had  left  their 
Celtic  names  in  many  prefixes  la  tbe  names 
of  [ilaces.  many  British  words  being  found 
in  the  riven,  hills,  and  districts  close  upon 
the  old  weald.  Tbe  Saxons  had  left,  how- 
ever, many  more  traces.  The  writer  had 
shown  in  his  "Sussex  Obisaary "  that 
than  twenty  parishes 


imty  wh 


hhad 


Antiqtiarian  Renearckei. 


186 

diitricta  in  E«it  Sauei  which  by  their 
Udwa  UloRtrsted  the  comparBtirely  Ute 
oallimtion  of  that  dlviiioo  of  the  coonty, 
puilculirly  the  ditCnct  of  the  great  wood 
ofAndcrida;  and  he  proceeded  to  eluci- 
date the  relention  of  Saion  aamei  in  up- 
warda  of  *ii  hundred  farms  Bad  giortioiu 
parishei,  demanatriiting  that  Siion 
le*  of  peraoaa  anrl  fnmiliei  remiined  in 
■  yrofiuioD,  Dot  only  among  the  peaiinntrj, 
who  bad  been  lied  to  the  loil  by  the  serf- 
dom which  formerly  eiiated,  and  more 
ncently  by  the  law'  of  aettlemenl,  but 
■Uo  among  the  nobles  and  the  inialler 
oliii  of  yeomanry  in  former  days,  and  who 
bad  railed  themielTCa  to  the  rank  which 
Cnabh:d  them  to  aesume  cOIt-armaQr  ani 
to  hue  their  pedigreei  recorded  by  lieraldg; 
(or  out  ai  420  fgmilici  whole  pedigren 
were  recorded,  more  Ihiji  two-lhirdi  bore 
Elian  names,  inaluding  the  Aihburn- 
II  (the  head  of  whom  wii  the  reputed 
•ODitable  of  DoTer  Coitle  at  the  time  of 
~ie  Conqueit),  Ihe  Welti,  Pelhims,  Em- 
hyi.Gtatwtcki, Ac.  Mr.CaopercoDcladcd 
by  itadng  that,  whether  il  waa  a  mark  of 
|Dod  or  a  ligD  of  uleleu  aloth  on  the  part 
of  Ihe  SaiOD.  thai  bad  tied  him,  without 

•  murmur,  (o  the  jard'land  of  hii  birth, 
Ihe  fact  was  pttent;  thai  the  Sikton  lan- 
fua|^  and  the  Salon  nimei.  and  in  the 
tUiio  the  SaiOD  blood,  remaihcd  Va  SuiiCI 
■Imoit  QDchanged  in  the  ninelecnlh  ■■ 
thoy  did  in  Ihc  ninth  cfniury,— Lord  Tal- 
botde  Malahideiuignted  that  the  nimc  of 
Worthing  Implied  a  Scandinaviaa  origin, 
"thing''  being  the  Icrm  applied  lo  a 
Dlniib  parliament:  bnt  Mr.  Cooper 
thought,  from  Ihe  situitiou  of  that  {ilnee 
Id  Ihe  luidit  ot  low  lindi,  and  iti  forming 

•  part  only  of  the  large  pariah  of  Broad- 
valar,  that  the  Saion  combination  of 
Worth  and  ing,  a  field  and  ■  meadow,  wai 
Ihe  more  probable  dertraiiou  of  the  name. 

At  an  ereniog  meetiog  in  the  Council 
Room,  Dr.  Collingwood  Bruce,  of  New- 
OHlle,  delivered  a  lecture  upon  Ihe  Bayrux 
Ttpnlry,  nf  which  he  ejdiibited  a  iPriea  of 
drawing!,  of  the  aclDil  ^xe  of  the  original- 
Mr.  Bnioe  argued  rcry  ingenionity.  and 
to  our  mind  concluiiTely,  in  bfour  of  aa- 
•igning  to  the  tapestry  a  date  lery  ibortly 
attar  the  Conqueit.  He  remarked  that 
nadieril  irtiiti  neier  attempted  to  re< 

Cdnee  the  ooitumn  oi  manner*  of  a 
ser  day  in  their  worki.  When  repra. 
Mmling  ermla  that  occurred  oonturiea  be- 
fore, they  ga«e  Ihe  penonagM  the  dreai 
which  Ihey  u»  worn  errry  day  by  their 
own  cuDlcmporirira.  Hence,  if  this  ta- 
Bcatry  ware  a  work  of  the  thirteenth  or 
fonrtMnUi  caulury,  ai  ooniended  by  tome, 
we  ibould  aee  depleted  on  il  the  drei*«a 
and  anDoar  o(  thai  era ;  whareu  tbe  co«- 
Un*  and  aMoalTemmU  of  the  elerenth 


:*•«■ 


century  are  rigidly  adhered  to  throogbonL 
Thua.  Duke  William  wean  a  garment  ic> 
■embling  the  Bomao  chlamya  ;  the  harm 
have  no  armour— Wace,  in  the  twelfth 
century,  being  the  firat  writer  who  men- 
tiona  horse  armour.  The  nainla  of  the 
helmets  appear  aa  tiituret,  eome  of  the 
eoldiera  carrying  their  helmet! by  the  natal, 
wbilil  Wace  writes  ai  if  Harold'i  helmet 
bad  a  venlail.  The  Norman-French  are 
ihoWD  with  the  ahaien  cbiua  and  eren 
crowna  then  in  faihion,  initead  of  tbe  long 
loTC-locki  and  mouatachei  adopted  by  the 
conrtien  m>  early  aa  the  reign  of  the  Con- 
queror'! son,  Henry  I. ;  the  few  female 
fignr«B  leen  in  it  are  iwalhed  in  dote 
robei,  inatead  of  having  the  long  ilecTC, 
reacliiug  almost  to  Ihe  ground,  which  be- 
came cuitomary  in  the  time  of  tbe  ume 
Borereign  ;  hoodi  for  hawking  were  intro- 
duced from  tbe  Eait  about  the  year  13D0. 
but  in  the  tapestry  the  hawka  are  atwayl 
unboodcd.  These  and  other  minutiK  ap- 
pear satiafactorily  to  eatabliib  it!  early 
origin,  for  it  ii  Tcry  unlikely  that  any 
artist  long  lubiequent  to  the  Conqneal 
would  have  exempUGed  a  correctQCM  in 
points  of  costume  which  woi  nerer  at- 
tempted or  thought  worthy  of  obiernnce 
before  modem  times. 

Friday  Jtity  Ii,  An  eicursloo  wai  thia 
day  made  to  the  Homin  PaTementi  at 
liignor  lo  Pelworth  Houie,  the  rulot  of 
Cowdray  castle,  and  the  church  of  die 
small  nunnery  at  Eoiebourne.  Between 
Petworthand  Cowdray  the  wholepsrly  ware 
liiodsomely  entertained  at  LodlwoTtb 
House,  Uic  scat  of  Hasler  Hollist,  a*q. 
lu  the  eiening  a  conversaiione  was  given 
by  Dr.  M-Carogher.  the  Mayor  of  Chi- 
chester, in  hia  handaome  mansion  in  Wut- 
gate-atreet,  which  ia  traditionally  ascribed 
to  Sir  Chriitopher  Wren  aa  its  srchilect. 

Saluricf  Julji  IC.  Another  eieunion 
wa!  made,  by  railway,  to  Old  Shoreham 
church,  Perenicy  Caatle,  and  Ihe  ancient 
town  of  Lewcf.  AI  Shorehsm  the  archi- 
tecture of  Ihe  chureh  waa  eiplained  by 
Mr.  Shirpe,  of  Lancaiier.  At  Perensey 
the  risiton  were  conducted  round  the  an- 
cient Soman  walls  of  the  town  of  Anderida 


Hr.  Gnrr,  the  custodian  kit  in  charge  by 
ita  owner  the  Earl  of  Burlington.  The 
mina  of  tbe  Roman  tuivn  of  Andttida  at 
Peiencey  have  been  recently  described  tal 
our  pagea  by  Mr.  Wright  in  hia  Waader- 
ingi  of  an  Antiquary  (August  1B&2}.  Mr. 
Lower  il  tbe  author  of  a  Handbook  lor 
Perenaey  which  was  published  in  1846, 
and  bebaaprepared  for  the  Sussex  Arohao- 
logical  Society  a  report  of  the  reoant  ei< 
caTatlons  there,  which  has  appoared  io  tlw 
aiith  Tolome  of  their  TtanMctiont,  jnrt 


1858.]        7%e  Archaologieal  Inrtiittte  of  Chreat  Britain. 


187 


completed,  together  witii  a  map  of  the 
castle  redaced  from  actual  snmnr  by  BCr. 
William  Figg,  F.S.A.  of  Lewes,  being  the 
first  trustworthy  plan  of  the  place  that  has 
hitherto  been  made.    Tlie  results  of  the 
recent  excairations  made  under  the  super- 
intendence  of  Mr.  C.  Roach  Smith  and 
Mr.  Lower,  though  perhaps  less  important 
than  had  been  anticipated,  are  not  deroid 
of  interest.    They  have  ascertained  the 
qwmdoM  existence  of  a  continuous  wall  on 
that  side  of  the  Roman  town  which  fiu:ed 
the  sea,  where  it  had  been  suggested  that 
the  natural  declivity  formed  a  sufficient 
natural    fortification.      They    have    also 
cleared  the  incumbent  soil — the  accumu- 
lation of  many  centuries,  which  covered 
the  foundations  of  the  flanking  towers 
within  the  Decuman  Gate  of  Anderida ; 
and  they  have  ascertained  the  existence  of 
a  small  postern  gate  towards  the  north, 
which  was  first  suspected  by  Mr.  Roach 
Smith  about  two  years  ago.     It  does  not 
pass  at  right  angles  through  the  wall,  but 
by  a  winding  course,  obviously  for  better 
defence.    Within  the  walls  of  the  Norman 
or  mediKval  castle  the  foundations  of  the 
cba|tel,  a  building  standing  alone  in  the 
centre  of  the  castle  court,  have  been  dis- 
closed to  view  :  this  is  termed  *'  the  free 
chapel  within  the  castle  of  Pevensey*'  in  a 
grant  of  Edward  III.     A  rude  cylindrical 
fimt  was  found  tn  tUu ;  and,  at  the  east 
end  of  the  nave,  a  piscina  in  the  form  of  a 
tquare  carved  capital,  placed  on  a  pillar 
perforated  through  its  entire  height.    This 
relic  has  been  removed  to  the  museum  at 
Lewes.   The  chapel  was  roofed  with  slates, 
which  must  have  been  brought  from  a  con- 
■iderable  distance.     These  remains  were 
▼iewed  with  great  interest,   as  was  the 
castle  well,  at  a  short  distance  from  the 
chapel,  which  was  opened  at  the  expense 
of  the  Earl  of  Burlington   about  three 
years  ago.     It  is  seven  feet  in  diameter, 
•nd  steined  with  solid  ashlar,  still  very 
perfiect,  to  the  depth  of  forty  feet.     After 
that  depth  it  gradually  cootracts  for  ten  feet, 
and  is  then  further  narrowed  to  a  frame- 
work formed  of  solid  bars  of  oak,  with  a 
cavity  little  more  than  two  feet  across.  This 
well  was  filled  with  a  vast  mass  of  materials. 
No  fewer   than    eight  waggon -loads    of 
stone  were  extracted  from  it,  32  spherical 
masses  of  green    sandstone,   and   many 
icuUs,  which  have  been  pronounced  by 
competent  persons  to  be  those  of  wolves. 
The  stone  balls  are  supposed  to  have  been 
those  which  were  made  for  discharge  from 
mangonels,  before  the  invention  of  gun- 
powder ;  they  are  of  various  sizes,  from 
nine  to  fifteen  inches  in  diameter.     The 
iron  heads  of  arrows  are  also  of  frequent 
occurrence,  and  still  recall  to  mind  the 
struggles  of  former  days. 


From  Pevensey  the  excursionists  re- 
turned ,to  Lewes,  where  they  visited  the 
ruins  of  the  Priory  and  the  Castle,  and 
the  restored  tomb  of  the  Countess  Gun- 
drada  in  Southover  church ;  after  which 
they  were  very  handsomely  entertained  in 
the  Assembly  Room,  on  the  invitation  of 
some  of  the  leading  members  of  the  Sussex 
ArchBological  Society. 

{To  be  continued.) 

BURT  AND  SUFFOLK  IN8TITUTK  OF 
ARCHJCOLOGY. 

June  17.  The  general  quarterly  meeting 
of  this  society  assembled  at  Hawsted 
Church,  near  Bury,  and  after  inspecting 
its  architecture  and  the  interesting  monu- 
ments of  the  Drury's,  the  party  proceeded 
to  Hawsted  Place,  the  old  moated  mansion 
of  that  family,  and  thence  to  Hard  wick 
House,  their  Elizabethan  mansion,  now 
the  residence  of  Sir  Thomas  CuUum,  Bart. 
On  these  subjects  a  memoir  was  read  by 
Mr.  Samuel  Tymms,  Hon.  Secretary. 

An  able  paper  was  also  read  by  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Donaldson  upon  a  rare  Etruscan 
tomb,  brought  from  Chiusi  in  1841,  which 
occupies  a  prominent  place  in  the  Hall. 
It  consists  of  a  marble  statue  of  the  de- 
ceased reclining  on  a  quadrangular  solium 
(or  throne) ,  leaning  on  his  left  elbow,  and 
holding  in  his  right  hand  a  patera,  the 
plinth  bearing  his  name  and  age,  but  so 
obliterated  that  all  which  can  be  gathered 
is  the  praenomen,  Aule,  or  Aulus.  The 
bas-relief  on  the  face  of  the  solium,  whidi 
still  retains  much  of  its  colour  and  gild- 
ing, was  interpreted  by  the  learned  Doctor 
to  represent  the  interesting  incident  of  a 
female  (probably  the  widow)  interposing 
to  prevent  the  customary  effhsion  of  hu- 
man blood  by  the  fight  of  the  gladiators 
at  the  funeral  of  the  deceased,  and  the 
substitution  of  a  peaceful  offering  of  fruits 
and  wine. 

The  Rev.  A.  P.  Dunlap  exhibited 
tracings  and  drawings,  beautifully  exe- 
cuted by  Mr.  Bacon,  of  some  mural 
paintings  which  have  been  recently  dis- 
covered on  the  walls  of  Bardwell  Church. 
They  are  the  usual  subjects,  and  occur  in 
their  customary  places ;  the  Day  of  Doom 
over  the  chancel  arch,  St.  Christopher  on 
the  north  wall,  and  on  the  same  wall  three 
gigantic  skeleton  figures,  the  principal 
one  being  nine  feet  high. 

A  variety  of  antiquities  and  curiosities 
were  arranged  for  inspection  ;  among  them 
was  a  splendid  cameo  by  Albert  Durer, 
a  mummy  cat  from  Egypt,  and  the  band- 
ages of  a  mummy  snake,  also  from  Egypt, 
which  was  opened  at  Hardwick,  when  the 
snake  was  found  inclosed  in  a  state  of  as 
f^ood  preservation  as  when  first  embalmed. 


188 


Foreign  Newt. 


CAi»- 


tociBTT  OF  AvnauAaiKS  or 

KBWCASTLK-rPOV-TTirB. 

At  tbe  July  meetinf  of  tbit  Society, 
Jolin  Fenwkk,  oq.  tbe  duirauui,  staled 
tfaftt  at  the  reqvett  of  Mr.  Dsrid  Luo^, 
of  tbe  Signet  librarf ,  Edinburgh,  who  is 
oeeopied  in  so  attempt  to  complete  tbe 
woriu  of  John  Knox,  be  bad  inquired 
whether  there  existed  any  of  his  letters 
among  tbe  papers  of  tbe  family  of  Boires 
of  Streatlam  (into  which  tbe  Scottish 
Re6>rmer  married)  ;  and  had  received  an 
answer  from  Mr.  Bowes  that  be  has 
searched  through  the  indexes  of  all  bis 
M88.  and  fonnd  none. 

Mr.  Clayton  reported  that  Mr.  Mac- 
lacblan  was  making  satisfactory  progress 
with  his  surrey  of  the  Roman  Wall,  npon 
which  be  is  engaged  at  tbe  expense  of 
tbe  Dnke  of  Northumberland  ;  and  it  was 
whispered  that  Mr.  Clayton,  in  tbe  course 


he  ii 


of   the   exploratioat 

making  at  great  cost, 

bare  a  fine  Roman  mile-castle,  wbi^oa 

the  return  of  Dr.  Bmee  from  tbe  So«th, 

would  be  brought  under  tbe  noCiee  of  the 

members. 

Dr.  Cbarlton  submitted  some  interart- 
ing  fragments  of  painted  gtaaa,  diacofCfcd 
at  Tynemonth  Priory,  and  pronouaeed  to 
be  of  the  14tb  century. 

Mr.  Robert  White  exhibited  autographs 
of  Boms,  Hogg,  and  Thomson  (the  bib> 
liopoUc  correspondent  of  Bums).  Bogg's 
was  his  Scottish  pastoral,  «•  Sandy  Tod," 
written  for  the  Edinburgh  Magaxine. 
Bums*  wa«  one  of  bis  letters  to  **  Cla- 
rinda,'*  or  Mrs.  Agnes  M*Lehoae,  whose 
maiden  name  was  Craig,  and  who  was 
grandniece  of  Colin  Madaurin,  the  friend 
of  Sir  Isaac  Newton.  It  is  signed  "  Syl- 
Yunder." 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


A  plot  against  tbe  life  of  the  French 
Emperor  was  discorered  on  Wednesday 
the  6th  July.  A  great  crowd  bad  col- 
lected on  the  Bouleirard  des  Italiens  for 
tbe  purpose  of  witnessing  the  arriiral  of 
the  Emperor  and  Empress  at  tbe  Op^ra 
Comique.  About  a  dozen  or  sixteen  men, 
who  were  near  the  entrance  of  the  theatre 
when  the  eortige  drew  ap,  excited  tbe 
suspicion  of  tbe  Sergent  de  Ville  by  their 
manner.  They  were  arrested  to  the  num- 
ber of  12,  and  several  were  found  to  be 
armed.  It  u  reported  that  they  have 
been  discoirered  to  belong  to  a  secret 
society  coiisi»ting  of  60  to  BO  persons, 
whose  object  it  was  to  assassinate  the 
Ero|>eror. 

The  Emperor  of  Rusiia  hai  addressed  a 
manifrgto  to  his  subjcctt,  dated  Jane  36, 
in  which  he  announces  the  occupation  of 
the  piincipalities  of  Moldavia  and  Walla- 
chia,  but  denies  that  this  constitutes  an 
act  of  war.  The  Eoiperor  threatens  hos- 
tile measures  if  the  Turkish  government 
continue  to  refuse  to  accept  his  terms, 
and  appeals  to  the  rcHgious  sympathies  of 
his  subjects  in  favour  of  the  orthodox 
faith.  This  manifesto  has  been  followed 
by  a  second  circular  note  to  the  Russian 
representatives  at  the  various  European 
courts,  dated  the  3nd  July,  in  which  the 
Emperor  justifies  the  occupation  of  the 
principalities  on  tbe  double  ground  of  the 


Turkish  refusal  to  guarantee  the  privileges 
of  the  Christians  and  of  the  British  and 
French  occupation  of  the  Turkish  waters, 
by  the  presence  of  tbe  combined  fleets  at 
Besika  Bay,  "  within  sight  of  ConsUnti- 
nople.*'  (The  actual  distance  is  however 
140  miles.) 

Both  the  Russian  notes  have  been 
answered  at  great  length  by  M.  Drouyn 
de  L'huys,  the  French  Minister  for 
Foreign  Affairs.  A  joint  communication 
has  since  been  made  to  the  Russian 
Emperor  by  the  English  and  French 
governments,  with  the  approval  of  Austria 
and  Prussia,  wherein  certain  terms  of 
arrangement  are  proposed,  which  have 
been  already  consented  to  by  the  Porte. 
What  those  terms  are  has  not  been  an* 
nouoced,  but  confident  hopes  are  stated  to 
be  entertained  by  our  Government  that 
they  will  be  accepted. 

The  peace  of  the  world  has  been  threat- 
ened by  a  dispute  which  has  arisen  between 
Austria  and  the  United  States  at  Smyrna, 
It  appears  that  a  Hungarian  named  Kossta, 
one  of  the  companions  of  Kossuth,  baring 
returned  to  Turkey,  in  rioUtion  of  a 
written  promise  given  at  the  time  of  the 
liberation  of  the  Hungarian  exiles  from 
Kinteyah,  was  arrested  at  Smyrna  on  the 
22nd  June,  and  conveyed  on  board  the 
Austrian  brig  tbe  Hussar,  lying  off  that 
port.     His  release  was  demanded  by  the 


1853.] 


Foreign  News. 


189 


American  Consa],  but  refused  by  the 
Austrian  authorities.  Upon  this  the  com- 
mander of  an  American  sloop  of  war  then 
in  the  harbour,  laid  his  vessel  alongside 
the  Austrian  brig,  and  threatened  to  com- 
mence an  attack  unless  Kossta  was  deli- 
vered up  within  four  hours.  The  inter- 
ference of  the  various  Consuls  at  the  port 
alone  prevented  an  actual  encounter,  and 
Koeita  has  been  given  into  the  hands  of 
the  French  Consul  until  the  question  of 
the  justice  of  his  seizure  shall  have  been 
decided.  On  the  same  day,  about  thirty 
Italian  and  other  refugees  made  an  attack 
upon  three  Austrian  officers  in  a  coffee- 
house, and  killed  one  of  them  named  Ba- 
ron Hackelberg.  It  is  said  that  all  their 
lives  would  have  been  sacrificed  but  for 
the  assistance  of  two  Englishmen  who 
were  present. 

Perna  has  been  visited  by  an  earth- 
quake, the  effects  of  which  at  Shiraz  and 
Cashan  have  been  most  disastrous.  The 
number  of  persons  killed  at  the  former 
place  alone  is  stated  at  from  12,000  to 
15,000 ;  and  to  the  earthquake  an  epidemic 
resembling  the  plague  has  succeeded, 
owing  to  the  miasma  created  by  so  large  a 
number  of  bodies  in  a  state  of  decompo- 
sition. 

The  Circassian  insurgents  in  the  Cau^ 
catUM,  under  Schamyl,  encountered  and 
defeated  an  army  of  40,000  Russians  on 
the  13th  of  April.  It  is  reported  that 
twenty -three  guns  were  taken,  and  that 
five  battalions  of  Poles  have  gone  over  to 
the  Circassians. 

The  latest  accounts  report  the  con- 
tinued success  of  the  insurrection  in  China. 
The  insurgents  have  established  them- 
selves in  Nankin,  and  have  reduced  nearly 
half  the  empire.  It  is  stated  however 
that  the  supporters  of  the  present  dynasty 
are  capable  of  making  a  more  determined 
resistance  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
capita],  and  it  is  considered  probable  that 
a  severance  of  the  empire  into  two  por- 
tions may  result  The  most  remarkable 
part  of  the  news  lately  received  on  this 
subject  is  that  the  insurgents  are  Chris- 
tians, and  that  the  movement  is  one  of  a 
quasi- religious  character.  Their  chief  is 
called  the  Prince  of  Peace,  and  the  various 
accounts  we  have  received  concur  in 
stating  them  to  be  Iconoclasts  ;  but,  while 
those  which  have  come  direct  from  China 
report  them  to  be  Protestants,  those  which 
have  reached  us  through  Russia  state  that 
they  are  followers  of  the  Greek  Church. 

The  terms  offered  by   the  Governor- 


General  have  been  rejected  by  the  Burmete 
envoys,  who  have  refused  to  sanction 
the  British  annexation  of  Pegu.  Their 
last  meeting  with  the  British  commis- 
sioner took  place  at  Prome  on  the  7th  of 
May,  when  they  were  required  to  accept 
the  conditions  proposed,  or  to  leave  the 
territory  occupied  by  our  troops  within 
24  hours.  They  chose  the  latter  alterna- 
tive, and  the  negotiations  have  conse- 
quently been  broken  off,  but  no  further 
hostilities  had  taken  place  up  to  the  latest 
period  of  which  we  have  information. 

The  Nizam  has  ceded  to  the  Indian 
Government  a  territory  yielding  a  revenue 
of  360,000/.,  in  consideration  of  the  re- 
mission of  the  debt  owing  by  him,  and  the 
discontinuance  of  the  payment  by  him  of 
a  contingent  force  called  the  Nizam's 
army,  but  really  under  the  orders  of  the 
British  Resident 


New  Colonial  Bishoprict. — The  ar- 
rangements for  establishing  two  new 
Bishoprics  in  Southern  Africa— one  at 
Natal,  the  other  at  Graham *s  Town- 
having  been  completed,  the  Colonial 
Bishoprics*  Committee  intend  forthwith 
to  make  arrangements  for  the  establish- 
ment of  five  additional  sees  :  viz.  1.  Christ 
Church,  New  Zealand,  towards  which  the 
Society  for  Promoting  Christian  Know- 
ledge has  granted  1000/.;  the  Rev.  P. 
Gell,  M.A.,  Curate  of  St  Mary's  Church, 
Bryanston-square,  formerly  Warden  of 
Christ's  College,  Van  Diemen's  Land,  to 
be  the  first  Bishop.  2.  The  Mauritius, 
at  present  under  the  ecclesiastical  juris- 
diction of  the  Bishop  of  Colombo,  towards 
which  3000/.  has  been  promised  by  the 
Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel 
in  Foreign  Parts,  2000/.  by  the  Society 
for  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge,  and 
1000/.  by  the  Christian  Faith  Societv; 
and  for  which,  from  negociations  with  Her 
Majesty's  Government,  it  is  believed  that 
the  means  of  endowment  will  be  provided 
from  sources  independent  of  the  Colonial 
Bishoprics  Fund.  3.  Borneo,  towards 
which  5000/.  has  been  promised  by  the 
Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel, 
and  2000/.  by  the  Society  for  Promoting 
Christian  Knowledge  ;  the  Rev.  F.  T. 
M'Dougall,  M.A.  to  be  the  first  Bishop* 
4.  Kingston,  East  Canada,  towards  which 
2000/.  has  been  promised  by  the  Society 
for  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge.  5. 
Perth,  Western  Australia,  towards  which 
3000/.  has  been  promised  by  the  Society 
for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel. 


190 


DOMESTIC  OCCURRENCES. 


On  the  28tb  June  (the  anniTenary  of 
her  Majesty  *8  Coronation)  the  Christening 
of  the  infant  Prince  took  place  in  the  pri- 
Tate  chapel  at  Buckingham  Palace,  when 
he  received  the  names  of  Leopold  George 
Duncan  Albert.  The  sponsors  were  Us 
Majesty  the  King  of  Hanover,  H.R.H.  the 
Prinoess  of  Prussia,  H.R.H.  the  Princess 
Mary  of  Cambridge,  and  H.S.H.  the  Prince 
of  Hohenlohe  Langenburg,  who  were  all 

i>retent  in  person.  The  service  was  per- 
brmed  by  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
■sibted  by  the  Bishops  of  London,  Oxford, 
and  Chester,  the  Rev.  Henry  Howarth 
fRector  of  the  parish),  the  Hon.  and  Rev, 
Gerald  Wellesley  (resident  chaplain  at  the 
palace),  the  Rev.  Lord  Wriothesley  Rus- 
sell, and  the  Rev,  George  Henry  Liddell, 
chaplains  to  Prince  Albert.  The  infant 
vras  carried  by  Lady  Caroline  Barrington. 
The  service  was  preceded  by  the  perform- 
atice  of  the  84th  Psalm,  as  composed  by 
the  King  of  Hanover,  and  terminated  by  a 
new  anthem  composed  by  Signer  Costa, 
to  words  selected  by  Mr.  Bartholomew. 
A  state  dinner  afterwards  took  place,  at 
which  the  guests  were  the  several  royal 
and  princely  visitors  of  her  Majesty,  and 
their  principal  attendants,  the  cabinet  mi- 
nisters, and  the  clergy  already  named. 
Some  of  the  leading  nobility  came  in  the 
evening,  including  Prince  Lucien  Bona- 
parte, cousin  to  the  Emperor  of  the  French, 
who  had  bis  first  audience  of  the  Queen  a 
few  days  before.  On  the  Ist  July  Her 
Majesty  gave  a  state  ball,  the  invitations  to 
which  exceeded  2,000.  It  was  opened  at 
to  o*clock  by  a  quadrille,  in  wnich  her 
Mijesty  danced  with  the  Prince  of  Prussia, 
and  the  Queen  of  Hanover  with  Prince 
Albert. 

On  Sunday  the  26th  of  June  the  Queen 
of  Hanover  went  to  Kew  to  see  the  birth- 
place of  her  Royal  Consort.  Her  Majesty 
visited  the  village  churchyard,  and  placed 
two  garlands  of  immoriellesupon  the  tomb 
his  late  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of  Cam- 
bridge. 

On  Monday  the  King   and  Queen  of 
Hanover  were  present  at  the  distribution 
of  prizes  at  King's  College,  London.  They 
were  received  on  their  entrance  into  the 
Great  Hall  by  Dr.  Jelf,  the  Principal,  with 
the  various  Professors  and  Masters  of  the 
institution.  The  distribution  of  prizes  was 
presided  over  by  the  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury ;  and  the  King,  in  proposing  a  vote 
f  thanks  to  the  chairman  at  the  conclu- 
m,  said : — **  I  look  upon  my  present  visit 
Bngland  with  peculiar  satisfiaction,  as 


affording  me  the  privilege  of  moving  this 
vote,  and  attending  this  interesting  meet- 
ing, and  recording  my  gratitude  to  Dr. 
Jof  for  that  which  he  has  done  for  me. 
Permit  me  to  wish  you  joy  at  having  so 
eminent  a  man  at  your  head.  It  may  be 
wrong  for  me  to  dwell  upon  anything  that 
regards  myself,  but  I  hope  that  I  may  be 
forgiven  when,  upon  this  occasion,  I  give 
vent  to  my  feelings  in  declaring  my  grati- 
tude for  that  which  he  has  done  for  me, 
especially  in  engrafting  into  my  mind  the 
sentiments  of  religion,  and  for  which  it 
gives  me  the  greatest  pleasure  to  remember 
the  foundation  by  my  uncle,  George  IV. 
This  institution  is  an  example  for  the  coun- 
try ;  not  only  because  it  is  based  on  reli- 
gion, but  because  it  proves  that  the  science 
of  all  sciences  is  rehgion,  and  that  no  sci- 
ence of  itself  can  flourish  unless  it  is  based 
on  religion ;  that  those  who  study  in  any 
branch,  whether  engineering,  building,  or 
military  science,  are  indebted  for  their 
knowledge  to  the  God  of  all.'* 

On  the  same  afternoon  the  King  and 
Queen  of  Hanover  visited  the  Tower  of 
London ;  and  on  Wednesday  Windsor 
Castle.  They  left  London  for  the  Conti- 
nent on  the  4th  of  July. 

The  Royal  Family  has  been  suffering 
fix>m  measles.  It  first  appeared  on  H.R.H. 
the  Prince  of  Wales,  who  in  consequence 
was  absent  fix>m  his  brother's  christening. 
On  the  8th  of  July  it  was  announced  that 
Prince  Albert  was  attacked ;  and  on  the 
19th  that  her  Mijesty  also  had  the  com- 
plaint. Meanwhile,  all  the  royal  children 
except  the  two  youngest  have  successively 
taken  the  infection,  and  the  whole  family 
have  passed  through  the  disease  very 
favourably. 

On  the  6th  July  the  foundation  stone 
of  the  Medical  Benevolent  College  was 
laid,  near  Epsom,  on  an  elevated  piece  of 
ground  just  below  the  Down  which  is  de- 
voted to  the  race-course.  His  Royal  High- 
ness Prince  Albert,  who  had  promised  to 
lay  the  stone,  being  absent  from  illness, 
the  ceremony  was  performed  by  Lord 
Manvers,  who  has  on  many  previous  pub- 
lic occasions  signified  the  interest  which 
he  takes  in  the  medical  profession.  The 
objects  of  the  College  are — 1st,  to  secure 
an  asylum  in  which  200  pensioners,  who 
are  to  be  qualified  medical  men  or  their 
widows,  are  to  be  provided  with  three 
furnished  rooms  each,  and  such  additional 
assistance  and  accommodation  as  the  funds 
may  permit :  Sndly,  to  provide  a  school  in 
which  a  liberal  education  is  to  be  given  to 


1853.] 


Domestic  Occurrences. 


191 


100  boys,  the  sons  of  medical  men.  The 
outlay  for  the  site,  and  the  expense  of 
building,  fittings,  and  furniture  are  esti- 
mated at  20.000/.  The  current  expen- 
diture,  it  is  anticipated,  will  be  about 
1,509/.  a-year.  The  sum  already  sub- 
scribed amounts  to  nearly  20,000/. 

The  annual  meeting  of  1853  of  the 
Royal  Agricaltural  Society  commenced  on 
the  llth  of  July,  at  Gloucester.  The 
arrangements  for  the  show  of  cattle  and 
agricultural  implements  were  carried  out 
upon  the  usual  extensive  scale,  and  the 
trials  of  implements  took  place  in  some 
meadows  near  the  Stroud  road.  The  num- 
ber of  stands  of  implements  was  121, 
occupying  two-thirds  of  the  Exhibition 
space,  and  presenting  a  magnificent  illus- 
tration of  the  spirit,  energy,  skill,  and 
enterprise  of  the  present  day. 

The  dinner,  held  at  the  Society's  Pavi- 
lion in  the  Spa  grounds,  was  attended  by 
about  800.  The  chair  was  taken  by  Lord 
Ashburton,  the  Hon.  R.  H.  Clive,  M.P. 
officiating  as  vice-chairman.  The  American 
Minister,  Lord  Ashburton,  Lord  Berners, 
Lord  Harrowby,  Sir  R.  Murchison,  Judge 
Halliburton,  Lord  Powis,  Sir  J.  Shelley, 
Sir  S.  Baker,  and  Mr.  Brandreth  Gibbs 
spoke  to  the  several  toasts. 

The  country  has  again  seriously  suffered 
from  floods,  particularly  in  Herefordshire 
and  the  neighbouring  counties  of  Brecon, 
Radnor,  and  Salop,  by  the  overflowing  of 
the  Wye  and  its  tributary  streams.  At 
Brecon,  on  the  8th  July,  a  tremendous 
catastrophe  occurred,  the  river  tearing  up 
the  foundations  of  the  bridge,  which  fell  in 
confused  heaps  across  the  stream.  At  Llan- 
drindod,  in  Radnorshire,  a  usually  peaceful 
little  brook  became  a  raging  torrent,  and 
overtlirew  cottages,  bridges,  and  everything 
within  reach  of  its  fury.  A  poor  bed- 
ridden man  was  swept  away  ;  his  wife,  and 
a  child  belonging  to  another  woman  in  the 
house,  were  drowned  ;  and  the  mother, 
with  the  twin  child  in  her  arms,  stood  for 
more  than  two  hours  on  the  projecting 
ledge  of  an  old-fashioned  chimney-piece, 
till  she  was  happily  rescued.  At  a  short 
distance  above  its  junction  with  the  Wye, 
the  Dihonw  passes  Doalvach,  where  re- 
cently stood  the  villa  of  Mrs.  Lawrence,  a 
lady  in  her  85th  or  86th  year.  With  her 
resided  an  unmarried  daughter  and  two 
grandchildren.  There  were  also  two  ser- 
vants, male  and  female,  making  six  persons 
in  the  house.  In  the  middle  of  the  night 
a  waterspout  burst  on  the  Eppyat,  and 
striking  against  Doalvach-house,  bore  it 
away — walls,  beams,  joists,  furniture,  and 
inmates — to  the  Wye. 


An  important  Bill  has  just  been  passed 
for  the  Improvement  of  WhUechapel. 
This  suburb  of  the  metropolis  contains  a 
population  of  about  37,000,  with  4,700 
inhabited  houses  of  the  rateable  annual 
value  of  100,000/.  The  principal  object  of 
the  measure  is  to  improve  the  paving,  light- 
ing, watering,  and  cleansing  of  its  eight 
principal  and  twenty-three  minor  districts, 
and  to  consolidate  its  twenty-eight  distinct 
jurisdictions  into  one.  It  is  also  intended 
to  affect  the  vast  number  of  back  streets 
and  courts,  where  a  large  amount  of  dirt, 
disease,  and  misery  exists  in  juxtaposition 
with  comparative  wealth,  respectability, 
and  comfort.  Out  of  the  213  streets  in 
Whitechapel,  114  are  without  any  proper 
or  adequate  jurisdiction  for  enforcing  the 
common  necessaries  of  paving,  cleansing, 
and  lighting.  The  measure  also  contem- 
plates the  removal  and  prevention  of 
nuisances,  and  among  others,  that  of 
smoke.  A  sum  of  4,000/.  is  to  be  raised 
for  repair  of  the  parish  church.  A  clause 
requires  that  after  Jan.  1,  1854,  all  fur- 
naces throughout  Whitechapel  shall  con- 
sume their  own  smoke.  On  the  subject 
of  smoke  consumption.  Professor  Brande, 
as  superintendent  of  the  coining  depart* 
ment  of  the  Mint,  deposed  that  the  furnaces 
there  were  supplied  with  smoke-consuming 
apparatus,  and  that  the  volumes  of  smoke 
that  formerly  annoyed  the  neighbourhood 
were  now  done  away  with.  Carbonic 
acid  gas  was  evolved,  however,  in  invisible 
smoke,  but  not  to  an  extent  deleterious  or 
injurious  to  health.  A  material  saving 
resulted  in  the  cost  of  the  coal  burned. 
One  or  two  of  the  breweries  in  the  City, 
the  smoke  from  which  used  to  be  a  great 
nuisance,  now  consume  it  entirely,  and  the 
saving  effected  in  the  fuel  is  calculated 
to  pay  the  first  cost  of  apparatus  in  the 
course  of  three  years. 

The  New  Income  Tax  Act,  which  re- 
ceived the  Royal  assent  on  the  S8th  June, 
will  take  effect  from  the  5th  of  April  last, 
from  which  day  incomes  banning  at  100/. 
a-year  will  be  taxed.  For  the  first  two 
years  the  tax  will  be  7d.  in  the  pound,  for 
the  next  two  years  6d.  in  the  pound,  and 
for  the  last  three  years  bd.  in  the  pound* 
With  respect  to  lands  and  tenements, 
other  than  a  dwelling- bouse,  occupied  by 
a  tenant  distinct  from  a  farm  of  lands,  the 
duty  will  be,  for  the  first  two  years,  in 
England,  3i</.,  and  in  Scotland  end 
Ireland,  2\d, ;  for  the  second  two  years, 
in  England,  3</.,  and  in  Scotland  and 
Ireland,  2^d, ;  and  for  th^ast  three  Tears, 
in  England,  2j</.,  and  in  Scotland  and 
Ireland,  Ifd.  The  Act  is  to  remain  in 
force  to  the  6th  of  April,  1860. 


1853.] 


EcclMiailica  I  Preji  rmen  ti — Births. 


RCT.  R.W,  Ft;r(ii«Hi,Llindui'oF.C.i>.  Wlilrc- 

breok,  MonmouLhiblrp. 
Xer.  J,  N,  Fowkr,  Skern*  PC.  Yoikaliln. 
R«v.  R.  W.  Clendoiie,  NHton  V.  Chtswr. 
R*T.W.aDdrcry,Hu'Un-HDii-<'"«~-D  ™-"' 

Smr.  R.  Hintn.  TdhUII  P.C 

Rnr.  W.  H.  Hapkjoi,  SbelTRC.  Yarl 
Rer.  R.  Ili>rnt>]r, Biyaloa  HilJ  PC.  Salup. 


BiyaloB  HilJ 


Sn?U.°l 


itnton-icVile  R.  Line. 

- J-PeimlF.C-Ciirdiituuh. 

G.  T.  KlDHlod,  Fyworlhy  R.  DevoD. 

N.  O.  MTLmincncr,  St.  Piul  !•  C.  Fore- 


Rer.  K.  ti.  Loilng:,  MIllon-neil-CraTt 

R«T.  J.'Hinli,  Tlnnirlck  K.  Back*. 

R«».  J.  Woorf,  Kilf 

Re*.  J  A.  Pitrk,  Me 
K«T,  F.  T.  Peww 
Stnat.  Fimllco. 
Hrr.  J.  M.  Prior.  Kirkli niton  R.  Yor: 
Sn.  A.  Khtb.  KimmerlJire  I'.C-  Uoi 
~«r.C;  RoMnsDD.  Diihop'alla  ~      ~ 
.        _.    jy-i,  ini 


flelil,  OiOD.  Ilie  wife  of  llie  R(v.  C.  V.  Spconr, 

a  ion  u>(l  hFlr. ig.     Al  Cholwdl  houie, 

8anicrBBt,(kewireo(WniUm  Re«H(«(.«(|. 

■  dm. SI .  At  Sbcnlon  bslJ,  Lelc.  tb?  vih  of 

Fred.  Wolluton.nq.lKit]  nod  bftr. It.  At 

Ibedeinmr,  Wtiiminiler, ihi wlta of  Bilward 

C.  Buckliiid.  esq.  i  son. D.    At  tb>  Holt, 

Uiabop's  WiltUkiD,  the  wife  afWitlsr  Jcnii 
Loni,  eu.  I  dau.- — 31.  In  Ebarjiit.  tbe  Hon. 

Mr>.  Deiiril  Astlej,  ■  son. 35.  Al  Stone 

dstle,  Kent,  the  wife  of  TboraaaCooper.nq.B 
dftu—At  Kritlendcn,  Lwly  HarHet  Uoore,  k 

BOa. 36.    Al  Cuvmillah  nail,  NoKIn(taam> 

tbe  wife  of  Ute  Rev.  Tbomaa  Qauolgne.  a  lOD. 

A(  OU  BleninilOrd,  Rlpoa,  tbe  i^fe  of  T.  K. 

Stavelef,  CH.  a  ion  and  bdr. In  Wliitehall 

pi.  itae  wife  of  W.  Sejmaur  Vcnr  nnOerald, 

esq.  M.F.nsOD, ST.  At  Otlerin>lon  bona*, 

near  Nonbillcrtan,  tba  urire  of  H.  S.  Dod>. 
irortb,  eaq.  aiooaitdhelr. Al  WiI1Um*inp 

e,  GloDC.  tbi  wife  of  Sir  HicbMl  Hldui 
b.  Bart,  a  dau. Al  lb«  Glen,  Walmcr, 

the  wife  of  Cipl.  Frederick  ByiiK  Uantrnor, 
R.N.  a  son. 3S.    At  31.  Jamet'*  palace,  tbe 


I'aUaclonR.Yorkab 


I.  Ibewi 


in  rector*.  Notts,  Hn. 


-At  Dub 


Ke<r.  W,  W.  Slodibirt,  Charllinn  V.  Utfordsli. 
Ber.  H.  F.  Btraniiraj'B,  Kllmingtau  R.  Som. 
a«T.  N.  J.  Temple.  D.U.GavioiiK.N'oribiinpt. 
Rev,  L.  TbooiM.  B|EliT!n.Urei>ls  P.C.  Olaoi. 
HM.T- Tbomai,  Cwmamaun  P.C.  Carinnrlhen. 
Ke*.  W.  H.Vefnoo.St.SiephraP.C.Uverpool. 
Re*.  H.  N.  Ward,  nadalock  R.  Souierset. 
In.  P.  A.  L.  Wood,  StuiBlleld  R.  Suffolk. 
tcT.  B.  W.  Wriihl,  Cockney  V.  Kotts. 

31>  CArplaineitt. 
Rer.  H.  M'Sorley,  H.M.  Storeship  Totlolse, 
at  tbe  laland  of  AKenaion. 

"    "      ■'    J   (Archdeacon  of  Covenlryl 


I.  Burke  Roche,  eaq.  U, P.  a 

July  I.    Al  tbe  Uedfbrds    '""' 
«ire  of  Capt.  Pelly,  R.I4.  a 
•retch  houte.  "^ —  ■■■ — "-■ 

:  A.  Napier. 

the —r-- 

..    ..I  Imberbarae,  near  Hast  Qrimitead, 
the  wife  of  Frederick  Cayley  Woriley,  esq.  a 

son. At  Olooceater  place  Hyde  park,  Un. 

Wm.  Weitim Ker.B den. — 6.  AtttaePbcanlx 

park.Dobbn,  Mia.  HenryCnat.adaa. 7.  At 

s.    — -■     ■■— -Tooap!,  Ottery  Sl.Mary,  tbe 


I  Ham.  the 

— Al  Ever- 

leof  the  ReT.Chariei 

J,    Al  Balsdon  lodfe, 

Torquay,  the  wife  of  Cipl.  T.  H.  Let  i  dan. 


(Riami      _ 
Re*.A.Wil1i»ns,tatbeNenLonduDCeinPlery. 
Calitgialt  and  ScAolailie  Appoial 
Rev.  W.J.  K.  ODoslable,  Huil-Mi9t> 


of  DiTinity,  and  a  Cation 
GUhednl.Oirord. 

Rer.  H.  R.P,3andbum,  D 
Inapectora  of  Schools. 

IJl.&atl,  Aaslslan  t-  Maa  I< 


Elm  lodre,  Ma ,, 

Thoroaaflenry  Chubb,  eaq.  adau.— 8.    At 
Liclifield,  tbe  wifeof  tbe  Rer.  Wm.  E.  Jtlf,  a 

aon. In  Porcbester  terrace,  Mi^a.  St.  George 

Burke,  a  son.— In  Baker  el.  Mra.  H.  Hoyle 

Oddle,  a  aon. 9.    In  Cheater  tllla.  Laaa- 

downe  road,  the  wife  of  Major-GOB.  G.  P.  Brad- 

■biwe.  K.H.asDD. ID.  Al Buckland,  Dover, 

'meult.       tbewifeofCapt.Morler.R.N.aaOD. II.  At 

.r>hin  nf      Uverpool.  tbe  wifeof  T.  Stamford  Rafflea.esq. 
3,h       .«on!--.AIBeeatonball,Norfolk,Lidytr«t- 


;S^R 


t  OeoriR  GranT 


LidyPn 


CoUece,  

3.  Tiyier,  Haslershlp  of  Lower  School, 

ebeater  6rwnm>r  School. 
Xr.  C.  A.  Mayoud.  loorth-Muleraliin. 


_,r,'a,s. 

,rii.r  w>i«iu'>      wife  of  LiODOl  0 

"  ""  *"J"'l'  '      Dinoinglon  ball,  Yorkshire,  the  wife  of  J. 

.ip.M.r«»rougb  it^'T-t^Aji^'—^Ti^'l^':^ 
tbe  wire  of  Samoel  Canwrichl.  loo.  esq.  «  di 
- — ^Al  Weilover.  I.  W.,  lie  wife  of  ibe  Ri 


prietaiir  School.  Great  Var 

BIRTHS. 
Juirs.  At  Brousblon  bill.  Flin till 
nf  Robert  Howard,  esq.  a  aon  and 
II.    At  Standea  hall,  Lane,  tbe  wil 
T-  W.  Aaptnall,  eaq.  M.P.  a  dau.- 

PulB,  Utdy  Abdy.aaon, It.    Al 

plKe,  Padatow,  ibe  Hon  lira.  C.  O. 

tbewlfeof,-'^^^-  -  ■■ 
Oareodbh 


ip  of  the  Fro-      «Hh  Rcjl-* 


MARRIAGES. 
A'ne.  30.  Al  Chrlatcburcb,  Canterbury.  New 
Zealand,  Samoel  Btalcv.  esq.  to  Rou-Anne, 
dan.  oftbcRei.  R.  B.i^nl.H.A.orCaaterton, 
Commlwary  of  the  Biahop  of  New  Zealand, 
and  late  FeOow  of  B»ler  collefe.  Oifard. 
I...   m     »i  i>nrt  RiluhMh.  Cape  of  Good 

,.. ...  .*.  of  Graham's 

to  Flora,  eldest  dan.  of  Ibe  late  Geoise 

Haslinia, 

I  la,  John   "■ 


Frldeaoi      Hope,  Colin  T. 


194 


Marriages. 


[Aug. 


29.  At  Melbourne,  Victoria,  Harrv  Thorp, 
esq.  of  Liver|K)oI,  aoo  of  tbe  late  Rev.  T.  Thorp, 
Rector  of  Burton  overv,  Leic.  to  Mary  Anne- 
Catberine,  liau.  of  John  Lane.  esq.  of  Lane 
Park, Tipperary. 

MarcJk  1.  At  Sidbury.  Cape  of  Good  Hi'pe. 
Henry,  second  son  of  Lieut.  Daniel^  R.N.  of 
Sidbury  park,  to  Ambrosina,  younre»t  dm.  of 
Ambrose  Campbell,  e&q.  M.I),  and  i^randdau. 
of  tbe  late  Lieut. -Gen.  Campbell.  Governor  of 
Newfoundland. 

31.  At  Calcutta,  Lieut.  Cbarles  DourUa 
Snemarek,  Benj^al  V.ng.  to  Annie,  eldest  dau. 
of  A.  C.  Windeycr,  esq.  Ordnance  Department, 
Devonport. 

Amnl  U.  At  Cape  Town,  Edward  Herbert 
yifkiiHgale,  esq.  33d  M.L.1.  eldest  ton  of  A. 
Nightiuj^ale,  esq.  late  of  33d  Fusiliers,  and 

Emdson  of  tbe  late  Sir  Edw.  Ni(cbtinx&le, 
rt.  to  Sophia-Carden-Bell,  youngest  dau.  of 
CoL  R.  Blackall,  BenKftI  Army. 

90.  At  Bermuda,  lieorge  Scott  Hanson,  esq. 
H.M.  56lh  Rert.  tbird  son  of  John  Oliver  Han- 
son, esq.  of  Uorsct  sq.  to  01ivia-Au|cu8ta-Gil- 
bert,  only  dau.  of  J.  Jones,  esq.  of  tbat  island. 

31.  At  Mababulcsbwur,  Tlios.  Hire,  Lieut. 
H.M.  R6th  Kej^t.  son  of  tbe  late  John  Hamilton, 
esq.  of  Grove,  co.  Mesth,  to  Ann,  second  dau. 
of  Geonce  J.  Baumbacb,  eso.  Isle  of  Wight. 

May  ♦.  At  tbe  Clive,  St.  Mary's,  Salop, 
tbe  Rev.  Martin  Whish  BHtfttocke,  to  Mary- 
Whateley,  third  dau.  of  tbe  Ute  Cbarles  Perks, 
eiq.  Sinai  park,  Staflfordsbire. 

10.  At  Sidmoutb,  South  Devon,  Richard 
Radcliir  Vary,  esq.  of  Munfin,  co.  Wexford, 
eldest  sou  of  tbe  late  Robert  Moore  Cary.  esq. 
of  Bruflr,  CO.  Limerick, to Caroliue-lrsula.  dau. 
of  Col.  Charles  R.  W.  Une.C.B.  Bfnjral  .\riny. 

13.  At  Chelsea,  Frederick  Dundas  Fai/*/*", 
esq.  of  Gray's  inn,  to  Cbarlotta-Chauntrcll. 
dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Hughes,  esq.-— At 
Hicham,  Norwich,  Thomas,  eldest  son  of  Thos. 
Howse  Allen,  cs«i.  of  Buxton  Mge,  Norfolk, 
to  Fanny,  only  child  of  Robert  Rose,  ew. 

14.  At  St.  Marylebone,  Jonathan  Spairow 
Croteley,  es<i.  elder  son  of  Edward  Crowlev, 
es«i.  of  Uveiider  hill,  Surrey,  to  Agnes,  only 
surviving  dau.  of  Jonas   Hall  Tone,  tm\.  of 

Manchester  sq. At  Streatham,  James  1  al- 

linM.  esq.  l»th  U.N.I,  second  surviving  wn  of 
F.  Vallings.  eso.  of  Upper  Woburn  pi.  to  EHen- 
Rebecca,  only  dau.  of  K.  H.  l>*y.  «''^- ?f  ^^^^I*" 

bam  hill. ^t  Brompton,  Fxlward  C  IJake- 

wUL  esq.  of  Thurloe  square,  to  Jrances-Mary, 
widiw  If  Hugh  Cochrane  Widson.  esq    of 

Gantry.  Invcrnesshire. At  St.  .Mara  s,  nen- 

nlnKton,  Henry  Sparrow  Praff,  of  Sudbury, 
Suffolk,  to  Harriet-Ann,  dau.  of  John  Hudson, 
esq.  Vassall  place.  North  Hrixton. 

16.  At  Chrislcliurch,  Stanley  Chune  Cror- 
der,  ebq.  of  Wharfage  »w"»«'  >rj"*>"?8*l 
Shropshire,  to  Sarah,  dau.  of  Mr.  Fntcbard,  of 
Stanpit.  Christchurch. 

17.  At  St.  Jame-»*8  Piccadilly,  John  Henry 
Bull,  esq.  (.fLindflcld,  Sussex,  to  Ellen,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  T.  H.  Plasket,  esq.  of  Chfford 
street,  and  of  Sidcup,  Kent. 

81.  At  Uii>on,  Henry  "«ffey  Bmh,  esq. 
of  Long  Sandall,  to  Jane,  second  dau.  of  the 
late  G.MI.  Maister,  of  Uttlethorue.— At  Os- 
tend,  Ynyr  Deane  Hawtrey  Parfu,  fourth  son 
of  James  Hamilton  Parks.  esq.toAmclia.elde8t 

dau.  of  B.  Houghton,  esq.  of  burbiton  lodge, 

^"iSiV/y.  At  St.  James's  Psddington.  Tpwnley 
FUlaate,  esq  of  Lincoln's  inn.  and  Westbourue 
terrace,  to  Martha- Ellen,  eldest  dau.  of  George 
Macartney,  esq-  M.P.  of  Lissanou re  castle,- co. 

Antrim.  ^     ^  %m  n 

June  1.  The  Hon.  F.  Leveson  Goteer,  MP. 
brother  of  Eari  Granville,  to  Udy  Margaret 
Compton.sister  of  theMarquis  of  Northampton. 

. It  Kensington,  tbe  Rev.  Edward  ifsOcy,  of 


Hack  ford-next- Reepham,  Norfolk,  to  mwi.w 
Sophia,  eldest  dan.  of  tbe  late  WillUm  Mvft, 
esq.  Consul  at  MaUga,  and  widow  of  George 

Morrice,  esq.  of  Highbarr. At  St.  ftncniL 

Septimus C.  Goldswud^ot  Balbambill,  voanimc 
son  of  SampsoD  Goidsmid,  esq.  of  ilccklCB* 
bunrh-sq.  to  Gertrade-Blixabcth,  eldest  dan. 
of  tbe  late  Capt-  John  Hudson  HnAn,  R.!f. 

At  St.  Bride's,  Fleet  at.  the  Eer.  Geofffs 

Goodwuin,  M.A.  Curate  of  tbe  same  pariab.  to 
Msrgaret- Elizabeth,  eldest  dan.  of  the  late 

Henry  Mortlock,  esq.  of  Stamford. AtPMer- 

sham,  Richmond,  toe  Rev.  William  Faraoas 
Warburton,  Fellow  of  All  Sonls'  coHere,  Ox- 
ford, to  the  Hon.  Isabel  Marv  Lister,  sister  to 
Lord  Ribbiesdale,  and  step-aan.  to  Lord  Jolui 

Rnssell. At  Cirencester,  Charlea  Jjpaaaw, 

e!iq.  youngest  m>o  of  the  Yen.  Archdeacon 
Spooner.  to  Susan- Frances,  dan.  of  the  late 
Daniel  Trinder,  eso.  of  Norcot«^— At  Warwick. 
Francis  Richard  uibbes,  surgeon,  Northaller- 
ton, eldest  son  of  the  late  Francis  Gibbea,  caq. 
of  Harcwood,  to  Kate,  second  dan.  of  D.  F. 
Alderson.  es<|.  tbe  Manor  House,  Great  Smea- 

ton,  Yorksh. .\t  Mortlake,  George  Chandler 

ll4ireii«ilatr,  esq.  second  son  of  John  Hnnlli 
Ravenshaw,  esq.  of  SoiBeld  bonse,  Rlchmondp 
to  Eliza,  second  dau.  of  Sir  Henry  Willock. 

K.L.S. At  .Mortlake,  William  Remde,  csq.^ 

Brook  St.  Grosvenor  sq.  tbird  son  of  the  lata 
Redmond  Reade,  esq-  of  Kilkenny,  to  Jnlia- 
Macdonell,  second  dau.  of  W.  B.  Kitchiner, 

esq.  of  Wilton  pi. ^At  Giggleswick,  Robert 

Grrenkam,  esq.  of  Rosehill,  near  Heswell,  Che- 
shire, to  .Mice,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Raf. 
John  Carr,  of  Dorhara  and  Stackhouset  near 

Settle. At  Reading.  George  Holme,  esq.  of 

Liverpoul,  to  Frances Newberry,tUu.  of  Ouiial 

Gosset,  etH).  M.I). .\t  St.  James's  Nottiof 

hill,  Louii^  Rudolph,  fourth  son  of  the  lata 
James  Bodmer,  rsa.  of  Zurich,  to  Knllf. 
vounrest  dau.  uf  the  fate  Benjamin  Hick,  esq. of 

Highfleld,  Bolton-lc- Moors. At  St.  James'a 

Paddington.  John  Clones,  esq.  of  Coventry,  to 
.Miss  Elizabeth  Howe,  of  Canterbury  villaa, 
Maida  vale,  youngest  dau.  of  tbe  late  John 

Howe,  esq.  of  Coventry. At  St.  Matthew'a 

Brixton,  John  Meyeiil,  esq.  Bombay  Anaf, 
second  .son  of  the  Istc  Brig.  Gen.  McNeilL  to 
Hester-Liw-Howard,  second  dau.  of  the  late 
Forbes  McNeill,  esq.  snd  niece  of  Lord  Colon- 
say. .At  laughame,  Cspt.  Claude  C.  Lmeat, 

Bombay  Army,  late  of  Hill  Side,  to  Harriet, 

dau.  of  William  Dinger,  esq. At  Tellisfordt 

the  Rev.  George  Robert  Kensit,  Vicar  of  Betch- 
worth,  Surrey,  to  Emma,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  C.  W.  liaker,  of  Freshford,  Rector  of  1^ 

lisford. At  Wimbotsham,  Norfolk,  Williaoi. 

Thorpe,  younger  son  of  the  late  John  Brmekem- 
bun,  es<|.  of  Shouldhsm  Thorpe,  to  Lucy-Elisa- 
beth, only  dau.  of  the    Rev.  W.  M.  Allen, 

Incumbent  of  Fordham. At  Morley,  near 

Leeds,  Henry  M.  Syket,  esq.  of  Gledbow,  to 
Hannah' Elizabeth,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Sa- 
muel Webster,  esq.  of  Bank  house. 

1.  At  Eltham,  Kent,  Uobert^  second  son  of 
John  Courage,  esq.  of  Dulwich,  to  Annie, 
youngest  dsu.  of  the  Ute  Lieut.-Colonel  C  C. 
Michell,  R.A.,  K.H.,  Surveyor-Gen.  Gape  of 

Good    Hope. At   Timoleague,   co.   Cork. 

Horace  Newman  TVarrrj.esq.Commiss.-Stalf, 
son  of  the  Istc  Major-Gen-  Sir  Robert  Travers. 
to  Rosamond  St.  Leger  Shirley,  relict  of  Jonas 
Hamilton  Travers,  esq.  of  Timoleague  bouse, 
Lieut-  Srd  Light  Dragoons,  and  dau.  of  tbe  late 
Major-Geo.  Sir  Dudley  St.  Leger  Hill.  K  C.B. 

At  Eversholt,  Beds,  John-Edward,  eldest 

son  of  John  Martin,  esq.  of  Froxfield,  to  Sophia- 
Charlotte,  second  dau.  of  Andrew  Basilico,  eaq. 

of  Hampstead. At  St.  Mary's  Bryansion  sq. 

tbe  Rev.  Lewis  Tkomat,  Rector  of  Eglwya- 
brewis,  Glam.  to  Louisa-Catherine,  youngest 
daa.  of  the  late  Thomas  Bassett,  esq.  of  Bon- 


iftsg.] 


age». 


193 


Vllitone, At  StODf.  Kent,   CbirlesH^nry         T.    At   Bootngtown,  next  Dublin,  Oearn 

AKhrfr.  CN].  Pr»-SheriirorBerb1ce,  toElMinar-      Philip  Kwa.  en],  ■nrmn,  of  Clipbuu  roMi 
ll«nbi,tIilnliliD,orJataDW«1tcr.en].Wi)0d-      anrrn,  to  Elten.ncnnil  dau.  Of  ibc  liu  W%    i 
Und  bDUW. At  BL  ItXBHfa  WulmlnslR',      WIIU*mi,  uq.  M.D.DfDnbnii. AtDoD|l£  J 

Se  Bon-  ind  Rev.  Utlmtr  UrtiOt,  Hector  oT     co.  Cork,  Bdmrd  B<m  frnHnlm,  oq-  r 
ndon  uid  Little  Cbiihill,  to  LDcy-Pnims-      Miiryban)nerl>.  co-Cork,  toJniy,  Dnlydu.  (I 
I,*narcbiDl,rldntdaii.  otLeHarcbinlTbo-      Alninder  Glivnw.  no.  of  0"  ""^    ^ 

BUS.  ew.  «f  BlllinKbtir,    Berlil. Al  St.      -    • 

Ocone  the  Martyr  Quhd  tn.  Sunnon  Cw, 
(n|,fan.  ofLndiatelinl  sad  Ore*t  Jamea  tt. 
Badlbrd  row.  to  Elln-Hirriel,  pideil  dm.  or 
tbt  UM  Rev-  Robert  Bluk,  of  Si.  Andren'i 

Hotboni. At  Christ tburcfi,  St.  M»rylelione, 

fte  R«_».  Jrtn  fMit.  M.A.  Vlrar  of  Dudley. 


Cork— 


-At  B 


DoDiil^  J 

fdu.tf'l 
unrt,  M    f 


taBnllr-Ann,aril)rBiirviv1nEd>D.  of  tbe 

llleT.Ilalnw(rlB|[,eiq.IleDiialQTllSfrr. 

tHoakHoini.DubliiiASodfreyfirrrefsH.  Ut\  - 
V;  i.e.  lor  CO.  Sllgo,  10  Kilbarini 
d*D.af  A-         -     -•" 

■  1^*100 

nml.  W..^ 


Elioi.  Rector 


d,  ttq.  ^  VtrettA  loilf  pf 

KiBffiiowp,   CO.    UQDlia.  At    Bromylrd, 

HfRl.  Willlun  Ugh  CoJIiHac,  esq.  111b  Bom- 
h>.  i.~iy.  10  Jcinetti,  youBjtesl  lUu.  ol  the 

— Coofce,  View-  of  Biomyard. At 

BirmiDthlQI,  IjeoTte  Bdmrd  Gnrcv,  egq.  C.li. 
nilr«Oilorifael>IeC(pl,  Giver,  aithRcEL  to 

Bkn-RAwomid,  Mcood  dan.  of  Mr.  C.  Her-      _ _ 

5*11.  of  BirmlMbam. At  Winierboame     P«ncni! 

BMMt,  VilU,  Robert  Ciavming,  esq.  un  at 
Suh  OunmiBi,  e>q.  of  Bietcr,  to  lADi»- An- 
nna,  niiniieat  dka.  of  Capl,  H.  B.  Budd, 
lUN.or WlnlcrUoome  Baiiett. — AtTDniiuy, 
Anbar  Joiin  Hagiei,  eaq.  aon  of  the  tatg  Her. 
Qcsim  Harbeo.  of  Harden  Aih,  Euei,  to 
OtrtrMo-Hlrilot-Balaria.  yoonEMit  daa.  of 
tk*  lue  Ualnr  R.  H.  i:ird,  It.A.,  K.U.— At 
Wrington,  Sam.  tbe  Kev.  Charles  Spencer 
nl/^,  yonnrer  loii  Ol  E.  B.  Prlpp.  e»q.  of 
Huirani.nitrt  in Rliia-Clurlotte, younsealilaii. 

1.  Bedlitll.  Wrlncton. Al      , 

~  7.  EdiarSoritirDrrf«,  oir|.af  Readlnc,  ana 
lie  Adam  Corrie,  Inn.  At  II«ndon,MiddlMe 
|.  of  WelllnEboraarb,  to  Kllia,  yoaneeal  Berry,  Her  MajeaCy* 
B.  of  Ibi  Rei,  D.  D.  Hawliina,  Reclor  of      Mary,  eldeat  dan.  ol 

•tBhill. AtEdiDbunrh,lJBnt.-Col.J>n)e»      Hendon. AlWalll 

>,  R.  Art.  to  Sfbella-Homy,  of  Klrlli 
'ire, only dao. of  tbelale  Uei 


,  Mlh  R^  eoii'of  the* _ 

Mcltennell,  Provoat  Trinity  coll.  Doblin.  »,  | 
Rllen,  yonncot  dao.  of  Jolin  Cotter,  eHj.  V  I 
Albion,  CO.  Cork  - — ^At  St.  Genrre'a  Haoow  1 
square,  Capl.  Henry  Ball.  Madrai  Cavalrb.T 
Id  ConataDCe-Millcr,  eldest  daa.  of  Capt.  Fruv    I 

da  Hawkina,  of  Cairnbank,  Forfarabirc. U    1 

Portiea,  Georve  Kttylsr,  e"     ■---""-'    ' 

Elliabeth-Mary,  dau    -'  ■ 

eaq.  Ueol.  R.N. — 

Hervay  Aittll.  uq.  son 

Aelell,  esq.  U  V.  hi  lit—, 

foorth  dan.  of  R.  P.  Nlsbel, 

Harrow,  Sumy,  tbe  Rev. 

cumbent  or  Dranley,  Snrrey,  VoaDEest  (on  I 

tbe  lale  LleiiL-Gen.  Sir    Manley  l^irer,  1 


r,  elq.  Ueul.  ILM.  1*    | 
if  tbe  lale  Jabn  Hall 

.1  SoDthbroome,  Jobi.  J 


■ingd; 


r  Jhorth''''Hen     J. 

CM.  Recorder  of  Ha 

Michaera  Cbeater  «q 

aaii.  vicar  ofMilloo, 


of  tbe  Rev.  L.  1) 


Recorder  of  Hailintaind  Hys.— 


ia  BwrnSTl 

ond  aai^  4 


_ .._. ,  'vmSm  I 

Fellow  of  Pembroke  enll«e,  Oafbrd,  n  4 

Haniel,  aecond  diu.  of  Tboa.  Salt,  CM..  J 

'    ReadlDE.tbeRev.W.K J 


MMte  I 


,,  -.I.Co.'a  Beri. 

SMbA,  Ibc  Rev.  11 .  BonaicMl,  UJt.  Carale  of 
Beer  l'«rrii.  Devop,  lo  Caroline,  3d  dan.  of 

R.  9.  Cuurtit.  eiq.  of  FalEnonlb. At  Bath. 

■Ick,  Frederick  Charlea  FtU-Btrald,  eaq.  aon 
ol  Ilie  lale  Ueiald  FKiQeiald,  eaa.  of  Queen 'a 
Co.  lu  Bliu<FriiRceaca,yoDna«atdai].of  W.  H. 


,1  TDbb 


_.._,  FredL..__ 


.   ._.],  eaq.  of  Icbtbam  Court, 

I  (:nart.TnnbHdieWeil9. At 

"  -  *-"  ' —  If  the  IBlh  Rejt. 


_t.    At  All   coiuB'  naryicDooF,   Aieiai 
WOtMbr  ^Uayar,  eaq .  late  Capt.  >th  Utairpan 
Osardl,  U  Mary.  Henriella- Kendal  I,  only  ibn. 
Of  Iba  late  Rev.  K.  W.  Kendall  Wood,  of  Hoa- 
baod'a  UoBVonb,  Leic. 

t.  At H auiilopc, Cbarle* Ednard LflBk.eta. 
late  or  Wth  Rwt.  second  aon  of  J.  H.  Leirb, 
eaq.  ot  RoteKBTTand,  CO.  Wexford,  to  Eliubeib- 
AoM.  (idlydiu.  ol  Lya  Parker,  etq.  of  Hana- 

hw  park. At  Stoke,  Capl.  H.  C.  R.   W. 

JMaC  Madraa  Army,  (o  tnulai  Mananne, 
jrooutal  dan.  of  the  lale  Jobn  Toirnabeud, 
■M.  Aoke  DaiDerel. 

«,  At  ilie  Chapel  Royal,  Whiteball,  Uird 
DaMffc,  of  Cnlroaa,  to  Ibe  Hon.  Cecile-Kalbe- 

line-Mart,  fidfit  dao.  DiLord  Carlntton. 

At  at.  Orortt'i  Hanover  aq.  Frederick  Thomas 
Qn>M,  eaq.  IoCaltaerlaa<Harrlet.Fr*ncn,  third 

d«B.£(lbt' ~  .._.._.. 

,«.C.B. 


ir  of  Eiatrop,  faant.. . 

>r  lh«  late  Tbooaa  tl 
'  lormerly  Of  Antlni 
.Capt.BeorreFireil 
»tli  Rert- to  Fr»__ 
W.  M.  Browhe,  (*q. 
unatow,  Wlllitm-HeDn, 

__.,  _._ _   Willlaoi- Henry  RriaiL 

eiq.  of  Walthamitan,  to  Gllen.  aecond  dan.  of 
tbe  Late  Thomas  Cnvelje,  eaq.  of  Bomtbampnm 
bDlldlnsa.  and  Hanipaiead. 

a.  At  HandawDrtb.ncarBlnBlngham.Cbll- 
ley  f^ae,  eaq.  tib  Dngoon  Ooards,  to  Ktnt*. 
eldest  dau.  of  Ibe  late  JanwaOibaoD,  eiq.of 
Kealhaeld  ball.  Staff,  and  formerly  of  JM 

Li[bl  Onfoma. At  Bnabbnry,  near  Wot>  ■ 

yerliampton.  Rev.  Georn  Bdmnnd  ITaUaiv 
M.A.  eldot  aon  ol  Ceorie  J.  A.  Walker,  ea%  . 
or  Norton  jDila  Kempaey,  Wore-  to  Harrin 
eld»t  dan,  or  the  late  Jobn  Tarralt,  esq.  at 

Moaelry  hall,Suir, AtSullon,  Eiaei,Oeona 

William  Steoliie,  eaq.  of  Hamlet  taODse,  PritlC 
well,  to  Mary-Swalne,  only  dan.  ol  tbe  KaK 

T.  S.  ScratEOn,  Rector  of  Snilon. At  fr.j 

lODsb.  Snffolk,  LODla  Oeorce  Bultktr,  esq.  Ot 
Ouildlbrd  at.  Ruaaellaq.lo  Rleanor.  aecond  dn.. 
Aleiander  of  the  Rev.  R.  A.Arnold,  Rector  of  eilao[h,—i.' 
Al  Wandawortb,  Edmnnd  Woadlliorpe,  esq.  tt\ 
Old  Croncb  hall,  Hornaey,  to  Rosinj  •" — -* 
ronrth  dan.  of  the  late  Geonie  Henr] 

eaq.  e(  (he  Orchard,  Wandaworth. 

bam,  Kanta,  the  Rev.  James  Parker  _. 
Aaiittaot  Chaplain  in  the  Hon.  K.I.C.L 
Georiina- Maria,  eldnt  dao.. of  Unit. 
Short,  lata  of  the  Cotdalrnnt  Gnarda.— 
Lanford,  Ibe  Rev.  Charles  C.  SHiftqi.Oely 
of  ihc  Ule  Poet  LanreUe,  and  Vicar  ol  I 
Ici«h,  10  Henrietta  B.  Nann,  yonnftft  dag 
Thoniai  Nnno,  esq.  of  lAWIfard  hanas. — 
St.  Luke'a.  Chelsea,  Henry  £eitiaA«i,  en.  aP 
Glasrom,  to  Cbarlolte,  eldest  dau.  Dl  Ibe  latt 
Frederick  Flicb.eiq.  Abie  Hedlnfham. 

9.    Al  Brichton,  tbe  Rev.  Fltiferald  I 

birr  JraiUM,  vicatof  Meli«ome,(5mli.  ■( 

-  •*  ■  ifBolllsbi 


a.  Sir  W.  U.  Prlngle, 


196 


Marriages. 


[Aug. 


Moriel,  esq.  of  Wickham  Market. At  New- 

CMtle-upoD-Tyne.  Charles  Harrison  Page,  esq. 
of  Cardiff,  fourth  survivinff  sod  of  toe  late 
Sam.  Psfce,  esq.  of  Dalwich,  to  Mary- Ann, 

second   dau.  of  Edward   fiilton,   esq. At 

Tiberton,  Heref.  the  Rev.  Atwill  Cwrtiet,  of 
Longhills,  and  Rector  of  Branston,  Line,  to 
Ann* Henrietta,  second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  D.  H. 
Lee- Warner,  of  Tiberton  court,  and  of  Wal- 

sinffham  abbey,  Norfolk. At  the  Embassy, 

Brussels,  the  Rev.  H.  R.  Lateward^  to  Louisa, 
dau.  of  the  late  W.  Hewett,  esq.  and  the  pre- 
sent Hon.  Mrs.  E.  Upton. At  Brentinji>y, 

Leic.  Thomas  William  Pox,  esq.  M.B.  Slnd 
Liffht  Inf.  to  Annie,  third  dau.of  the  late  John 

Clarke,  esq.  of  New  Parks,  near  Leicester. 

At  Wacquinj(hen,  Pas-de-Calais,  Stephen  Ro- 
nald Woui/e.  esq.  only  son  of  the  late  Lord 
Chief  Baron  in  Ireland,  to  the  Hon.  Isabella- 
Letltia,  vounf^est  dau.  of  the  late  Lord  Graves. 

At  Stanley  St.  Leonard's,  Glouc.  Henry 

Uwintt  esq.  M.D.  youngest  son  of  the  late  Dr. 
Uwins,  to  Kstharine,  only  surviving^  dau.  of 
the  Rev.  David  Jones,    Incumbent  of  that 

parish. At  Hasborn  Crawley,  Beds.T.W.  H. 

Oranvilie,  esq.  of  Bexhill  lodce,  Sussex,  eldest 
surviving^  son  of  the  late  O.  B.  Granville,  esq. 
of  Newton  hall,  near  Chester,  to  Emily,  yonng^- 
est  dau.  of  the  late  Robert  Charles  Orlebar,  esq. 

11.  At  South  Bersted,  Sussex.  Henry  Spencer 
Percevnlf  esq.  to  Fannv,  eldest  dau.  or  the  Rev. 

Thomas  Tayler,  of  Svhltlin^,  Wore. At 

Ardwick,  Manchester,  James  iieytBood.  esq. 
M.P.  for  North  Lancashire,  to  Anne,  fourth 
dau.  of  John  Kennedy,  esq.  of  Ardwick  hall, 
and  widow  of  G.  Albert  Escner,  esq.  of  Zurich. 

At  Bristol,  Henry  Anrell  Clark^  esq.  to 

Emma,  dau.  of  Thomas  Garrard,  esq.  Trea- 
■orer  of  the  city  of  Bristol. 

It.  At  Machynlleth,  the  Rev.  John  Damea, 
M.A.  of  GyflTylliog,  near  Ruthin,  to  Miss  Ellis, 
only  dsu.  of  John  Philip  Ellis,  esq.  of  Pen'rallt 
boose. 

IS.    At  Stoke,  Capt.  F.  D.  LanzuH,  R.N.  to 

Miss  Creft,  of  Trafalgrar  house. At  Wynne- 

Held,  Berwicksh.  Alexander  Christie  Thomson, 
esq.  of  Grueldykes,  to  Janet-Thomson,  sur- 
viving: dau.  of  Charles  Wif^htman,  M.D.  New- 

castle-upon-T)'ne. At  St.  Sepulchre's,  R.  P. 

Tallitt  esq-  of  Walsall,  Staff,  to  Marv.young^est 
dau.  of  John  Nuttins^,  esq.  of  Brackley,  North- 
amptonshire. 

U.  At  St.  John's,  Notting^  hill,  Aug^ustus 
J.  W.  Nortkey,  esq.  of  Llanffwatlian,  Pem- 
brokeshire, Major  41st  Reg^t.  eldest  son  of  Col. 
Northey,  late  Quartermaster-Gen.  to  Louisa- 
Sophia,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Joseph  Price  St. 

George,  esq.  of  Nottinr  hall  sq. At  Dorking, 

George,  eldest  son  or  Thomas  Cubitt,  esq.  of 
Denbles,  to  Laura,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 

Rev.  Jnmes  Joyce,  Vicar  of  Dorking. At 

Hemington,  the  Rev.  Joseph  PuUer,  of  New- 
ton St.  Loe,  to  Anne,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  C  Bam- 

(Vide.    Hemington    rectorv,   Somerset. At 

Bescniey,  Glouc.  Richsru  Carrotc,  esq.  of 
Johnston  liali,  Pemb.  fourth  son  of  the  late 
Rev.  R.  Cnrrow,  of  Westbury-upon-Trym.  to 
Kate,  third  dau.  of  the  late  M.  Ilinton  Castle, 

esq. At  Gilling,  S.  Smitk*on,  esq.  of  Heigh- 

ington,  Durham,  to  Elisabeth,  second  dau.  of 
the  late  Sheldon  ("radock,  esq.  of  Hartforth, 

Yorksh. At  Nunfield,  Dumfries,  L.  M.  Cock- 

crafty  esq.  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  solicitor, 
to  Martha-Jane,  fourth  dau.  of  Robert  Pater- 
son,  esq. At  Sandhurst,  Berks,  Capt.  Wm. 

Boyle,  89th  Uegt.  fourth  son  of  the  late  Right 
Hon.  David  Boyle,  Lord  Justice- Gen.  of  Scot- 
land, to  Louisa-Catherine,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  Henry  Parsons,  Incumbent  of  Sandhurst. 
At  Monkstown,  near  Dublin,  John  Trim- 
mer, esq.  Assistant  Comm.  Gen.  to  Phcebe- 
Porter,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  Nenon  Alex. 
Connor,  7Ist  Regiment. 


15.  At  St.  Mary's  Bryaustone  square.  John 
Meamere.  esq.  second  surviving  son  of  the  late 
Fursan  Manners,  esq.  of  Kempton  park.  Mid* 
dlesex,  to  Mary-Anne-French,  eldest  dan.  of 
Col.  R.  Wallace,  K.H.  formeriy  of  the  King's 

Dragoon  Guards. At  Constantine,  William. 

second  son  of  the  late  James  Magn^  esq.  of 
Calamansick,  to  Isabella-Maria- Beasl^.  fbnrtli 
dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  Wm.  Boxer,  R.N.  and 

niece  of  Rear-Adm.  Boxer,  C.B. At  Paris, 

W.  Pairkoiau,  esq.  of  Greenknowe,  Berwicksh. 
to  Grace-Penelope,  dan.  of  Wray  Palliser,  esq. 
of  Comragh,  co.  Waterford,  Lieut.-Co1.  Water- 
ford  MiUtia. In  Vernon  Chapel,  Pentonville. 

the  Rev.  John  Crmtford,  of  Lee.  Kent,  only 
son  of  Hugh  Crawford,  esq.  Castledawson, 
Londonderry,  to  Sarah-Louisa,  second  dan.  of 

the  late  Thomas  Hackett,  esq.  of  Dablin. 

At  Toxteth  park,  Liverpool,  Edward- Joseph, 
second  son  of  John  Knight,  esq.  of  Antwerp, 
to  Maria-Dolores,  eldest  dau.;  also,  Robert 
Maxwell,  esq-  of  Liverpool,  to  Maria-Emnn, 
third  dau.  of  Yice-Adm.  Grenfell,  I.B.N. 

16  At  Tunbridge  wells,  John  Brawn,  esq. 
of  the  Deanery,  Cnartham,  near  Canterbury, 
to  Anna,  relict  of  John  English  Tabor,  eso.  of 
Fenna.  Essex,  and  youngest  dan.  of  the  lata 

Joseph  Corsbie,  esq.  of  Stanton,  Suflblk. 

At  Wiveliscombe,  Arthur  Capel,  esq.  of  BuIUnd 
lodge,  Somerset,  to  Elisabeth-Catherine,  only 
dau.  of  Capt.  J.  S.  Keats,  nephew  of  the  late 

Adm.   Sir   Richsrd  G.  Keats,  G.C.B. At 

Petersfield,  the  Rev.  H.  L.  M.  Waiter;  ot 
Aost.  Glouc.  to  Harriet,  eldest  dan.  of  William 

Mitchell,  esq. At  Witherslack,  Westm.  the 

Rev.  William  Leonard  WilUaau,  son  of  Arch- 
deacon W.  Williams,  of  New  Zealand,  to  8wah, 
second  dau.  of  John  Bradshaw  Wanklyn,  esq. 

At  WMnslade.  J.  F.  Htmney,  esq.  to  Sliia' 

beth.  eldest  dau.  of  J.  Ponsford,  esq.  of  Hack- 
wood  park. At  Wavendon,  Bocks,  Richard 

Grindall  Pe$ting,taqAo  Henrietta- Anne,  ftmrth 
dan.  of  the  late  Peter  R.  Hoare,esa.  of  Clayton 

halL  Lane,  and  of  Kelsey  park,  Kent. At 

St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  Alexander  Cuning- 
ham  Rohertaon,  Capt.  8th  Regt.  to  Mary-Anoe- 
Jean,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Brig.-Gen.  Man- 
son,  CB.  Bombay  Art. At  Blendwortb, 

Noblet  PkiUipe,  esq.  son  of  the  late  Capt. 
Phillips,  40th  Regt.  to  Jessie-PhiUidelphia,dan. 

of  the  late  Minor  Jameson,  5Srd  Regt. At 

Leamington  Prior's,  the  Rev.  WUliam  St. 
Lerer  Aldworik,  third  son  of  Richard  Oliver 
Aldworth,  esq.  of  Newmarket  hoose,  co.  Cork, 
to  Mary- Browne,  third  dan.  of  the  Ute  William 
Stark  Doughall,  esq.  of  Scots  Craig,  co.  Fife. 

At  Lowestoft,  the  Rev.  Lawrence  William 

Till,  B.A.  to  Eliaabeth-Harriette,  eldest  dan. 

of  W.  C.  Worthington,  esq.  F.R CS. At  St. 

James's  Piccadilly,  Robert Caimes  .Brwet,  esq. 
Capt.  unatt.  and  late  of  S5th  Regt.  to  Charlotte, 
youngest  dan.  of  the  late  Wm.  Rider,  esq.  of 
Albion  St.  Hyde  park,  and  Leamington  Spa. 

At  St.  James^  Piccadilly,  George,  eldest 

son  of  Richard  Bentle^t  esq.  of  New  Burling- 
ton St.  to  Anne,  dau.  oi  the  late  WiUiam  Wfl- 
liams,  esq.  of  Aberystwith,  Cardiganshire. 

18.  At  Wymering,  near  Portsmouth,  John- 
ston Ckritiie,  esq.  M.D.,  R.N.,  to  Mary,  young- 
est dau.  of  the  late  John  Martin,  esq. 

90.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  square.  Lord 
Lurpan,  to  the  Hon.  Emily  Anne  Browne, 
fourth  dau.  of  Lord  Kilmaine. At  Lough- 
crew,  the  Rev.  James  A.  Hamilton,  M.A.  to 
Charlotte  -  Elizabeth,  third  dau.  of  the  late 
Charles  Richardson,  esq.  of  Armagh  house,  co. 
Tyrone,  formerly  M§ior  86th  Regt. 

31.  At  St  John's  Notting  hill,  Henry  Mem- 
huryWakley,  esq.barrister-at-law,  second  son 
of  Thomas  Wakley,  esq.  of  Harefield  psrk, 
coroner  for  Middlesex,  to  Catherine- Anne,  se- 
cond dau.  of  the  late  Francis  Pinkuey,  esq.  of 
Whitehall,  and  .Swansea,  Glamorgansn. 


197 


OBITUARY. 


Thb  Grand  Dukb  of  Saxb  Weimab. 
July  8.  At  the  palace  of  Belvedere,  at 
Weimar,  after  a  lingering  malady,  in  his 
71  at  year,  Charles  Frederick  Grand  Duke 
of  Saxe  Weimar. 

He  was  bom  on  the  2d  Feb.  1783,  and 
was  the  son  of  his  predecessor  the  Grand 
Dake  Charles  Aogustus  by  the  Princess 
Louisa  of  Hesse  Darmstadt. 

He  succeeded  his  father  on  the  14th 
Jane,  1828.  With  the  exception  of  the 
King  of  Wartemberg,  he  was  the  oldest 
soTereign  in  Germany ;  and  a  jubilee  in 
honour  of  his  25th  year  of  government  was 
recmtly  celebrated  with  much  rejoicing. 
His  memory,  in  connexion  with  that  of 
his  father,  is  particularly  dear  to  all  Ger- 
mans, for  the  services  that  the  Court  of 
Weimar  has  rendered  to  the  cause  of 
German  literature  by  the  patronage  and 
protection  it  bestowed  on  Gotbe  and  Wie- 
land,  to  both  of  whom  it  proved  an  asylum 
in  troublesome  times.  The  late  Grand 
Duke  was  one  of  the  most  faithful  allies 
of  Prussia  in  all  the  many  internal  dissen- 
sions in  Germany. 

He  married,  August  3,  1804,  Maria 
Paulowna,  daughter  of  the  Emperor  Paul 
of  Russia ;  and  had  issue  one  son,  bom  in 
1818 ;  and  two  daughters,  Maria  Louisa 
Alexandrina,  bom  in  1808,  married  in  1827 
to  Prince  Charles  of  Prussia ;  and  Maria 
Louisa  Augusta,  born  in  1811,  married  in 
1829  to  the  Prince  Frederick -William  of 
Prussia,  elder  brother  of  the  preceding. 
The  latter  couple  were  in  England  on  a 
visit  to  her  Majesty  when  the  news  of  the 
Grand  Duke's  death  arrived. 

His  successor,  the  Grand  Duke  Alex- 
ander, married  in  1834  Sophia,  sister  to 
the  King  of  Holland,  and  has  issue  a  son 
and  two  daughters.  On  the  day  of  his 
accession  to  the  throne  be  issued  a  pro- 
clamation, in  which  he  declares  that  he 
vrill  reign  in  conformity  with  the  existing 
constitution,  and  that  he  intends  continu- 
ing in  their  places  the  various  function- 
aries appointed  by  his  august  father. 

It  was  the  Duke  Bernard  of  Saxe  Wei- 
mar, the  only  brother  of  the  deceased,  who 
married  the  Princess  Ida  of  Saxe  Meinin- 
gen,  the  sister  of  her  late  Majesty  Queen 
Adelaide,  and  was  frequently  in  England 
with  his  family  during  the  late  reign.  His 
eldest  son.  Prince  Edward  of  Saxe  Wei- 
mar, has  become  a  denizen  of  this  country, 
having  inherited  a  large  share  of  Queen 
Adelaide's  property,  accepted  a  commis- 
sion in  the  army,  and  married  a  daughter 
of  the  Duke  of  Richmond. 


The  Validb  Sultana. 
May  — .  At  Constantinople,  in  her  50th 
year,  the  Valide  Sultana,  mother  of  the 
present  Sultan. 

This  princess  was  of  Christian  origin, 
and  in  1811  was  kidnapped  by  Circassian 
freebooters  from  a  village  near  Ananour, 
in  Georgia.      Her  father  was  a  wealthy 
peasant,  and  was  killed  fighting  valiantly 
for  the  protection  of  his  daughter.     The 
girl,  Mariam  by  name,  was  embarked  at 
Scotcha,  for  Trebizonde,  and  from  thence 
was  conducted  to  Constantinople  and  sold 
for  150/.  to  the  celebrated  Kosref  Pacha, 
who  gave  her  the  romantic  name  of  Bezur- 
Aalem  (assembly  of  the  world),  and  on 
account  of  her  beauty  gave  her  an  educa- 
tion to  fit  her  for  the  imperial  seraglio. 
She  learned  to  read  and  write,  to  play  the 
tambourine,  to  sing,  and  to  dance,  and  she 
acquired  these  accomplishments  with  asto- 
nishing facility.     At   the  age  of  fourteen 
she  was  presented  by  the  pacha  to  Heibe- 
tuUah  Sultana,  Sultan  Mahmoud*s  eldest 
sister,  with  whom  she  remained  until  she 
attained  the  age  of  seventeen,  when,  on 
account  of  her  capacity  and  beauty,  she 
was  given  to  Sultan  Mahmoud,   who  at 
once  acknowledged  her  as  one  of  his  wives. 
She  had  but  one  son,  the  present  sovereign, 
Abdul  Medjid,  but  she  always  maintained 
a  superiority  over  all  the  other  women, 
and  was  the  preferred  favourite.    The  mo- 
notonous life  of  the  harem  is  easily  ima- 
gined.    It  is  a  focus  of  intrigue  and  jea- 
lousy, and  the  princess  had  no  occasion  to 
display  the  talent  and  benevolence  that  has 
since  rendered  her  so  popular. 

When,  in  June  1839,  Sultan  Mahmoud 
died,  and  his  eldest  son,  Abdul- Medjid,  at 
the  age  of  sixteen  buckled  on  the  sword  of 
Oaman,  the  Princess  Bezur-Aalem  became 
Valide  Sultana,  and  took  the  reins  of  the 
state  in  hand.  Things  went  on  thus  for 
many  years.  The  son  consulted  his  mo- 
ther for  every  affair,  and  the  mother's  in- 
junctions were  religiously  obeyed.  We 
must  pass  over  the  intrigues  of  the  Sul- 
tana with  Riza  Pacha,  which  were  of  too 
notorious  a  character  ;  but  up  to  the  last 
week  she  was  engaged  in  the  public  busi- 
ness. She  was  naturally  parsimonious, 
but  her  acts  of  benevolence  are  innumer- 
able. She  never  forgot  her  Christian 
origin,  and  protected  the  followers  of  her 
former  faith  on  all  possible  occasions.  She 
was  often  to  be  seen  incognita  at  the  lokaf 
(tribunal)  inquiring  if  justice  was  done  to 
cases  which  she  had  decreed,  and  more 
than  one  judge  has  been  dismissed  for  acts 


198 


of  intolerance.  She  often  visited  the 
poorer  quarters  of  the  city,  and  gave  aid 
to  the  sick  and  needy,  without  making 
known  her  quality.  The  treasury  allowed 
her  a  monthly  stipend  of  7727/.,  but  she 
expended  double  that  sum,  chiefly  in  acts 
of  charity.  She  built  and  endowed  the 
only  Turkish  civil  hospital  in  Constanti- 
nople, and  gave  her  name  to  it.  She  has 
Imilt  and  endowed  the  free  school  on  the 
Lancasterian  principle,  under  the  direction 
of  Kemal  EfTendi.  She  has  also  contri- 
bated  towards  the  building  and  repairing 
of  a  great  many  public  fountains.  The 
Turkish  steam  company  was  established  by 
her  influence  and  interest  in  the  concern. 
The  coal  mines  of  Herekc  were  worked  for 
her  account.  In  fine,  most  of  the  enter- 
prising commercial  transactions  have  seen 
ner  among  the  chief  shareholders  with  a 
Tiew  to  encouragement.  She  has  not  en- 
dowed a  single  mosque  or  Mussulman  in- 
stitution, and  it  is  universally  believed  that 
ihe  still  adhered  to  her  Christian  faith. 
She  had  repeated  inquiries  and  researches 
made  for  the  members  of  her  family,  but 
they  were  ineffectual.  It  is  probable  that 
the  civil  commotions  and  wars  in  the  Cau- 
casus have  long  since  annihilated  and  dis- 
persed her  relatives. 


Obituary. — The  Marquess  ofHuntly,  K.T.         [Aug. 

regiment  of  Foot  Guards ;  from  which  he 
was,  in  Dec.  1777,  promoted  to  a  company 
in  the  81  st  (Highland)  regiment  of  Foot. 
In  1780  he  was  one  of  the  Aides-de-camp 
of  the  Earl  of  Carlisle,  then  Lord  Lieute- 
nant of  Ireland.  In  1782  he  had  a  troop 
in  the  9th  regiment  of  Dragoons  ;  and  on 
the  12th  March,  1783,  he  was  constituted 
Major  of  an  independent  corps  of  Foot, 
which  was  reduced  at  the  peace  of  1784. 
In  1788  he  exchanged  from  half-pay  to  the 
majority  of  the  35th  Foot ;  and  in  April 
1789  he  was  promoted  to  the  lieutenant- 
colonelcy  of  that  regiment ;  which  he  ex- 
changed with  Lieut.-Colonel  Lennox  (af- 
terwards Duke  of  Richmond)  for  his  com- 
pany in  the  Coldstream  Guards,  after  the 
dispute  between  the  latter  and  H.R.H.  the 
Duke  of  York,  then  Colonel  of  the  Cold- 
streams.  Lord  Strathaven  quitted  the  army 
in  1792.  He  was  appointed  Colonel  of  the 
Aberdeenshire  militia  in  1798. 

He  succeded  his  father  as  Earl  of 
Aboyne  on  the  28th  Dec.  1794.  At  the 
general  election  of  1796  he  was  returned 
to  Parliament  as  one  of  the  sixteen  repre- 
sentatives of  the  peerage  of  Scotland.  He 
was  again  chosen  in  1803, 1807,  and  1812. 
On  the  1 1th  of  August,  1815,  he  was  cre- 
ated a  Peer  of  the  United  Kingdom  by  the 
title  of  Baron  Meldrum  of  Morven ;  and 
thenceforward  had  a  seat  in  the  bouse  of 
peers  in  his  own  right.  He  was  elected 
a  Knight  of  the  Thistle  in  1827. 

In  1836,  on  the  extinction  of  the  male 
line  of  the  elder  branch  of  his  family  by 
the  death  of  George  fifth  Duke  of  Gordon, 
he  succeeded  to  the  dignities  of  Marquess 
and  Earl  of  Huntly. 

His  Lordship  was  a  Tory  in  politics, 
and  voted  in  the  majority  for  Lord  Lynd- 
hurst's  motion  on  the  Reform  Bill,  which 
induced  the  temporary  resignation  of  Earl 
6rey*8  ministry,  on  the  7th  May,  1833. 

His  Lordship  marriedat  Stepney  church, 
on  the  4th  April,  1791,  Catharine,  second 
daughter  of  Sir  Charles  Cope,  of  Breweme 
in  Oxfordshire,  and  Overton  Longueville, 
CO.  Huntingdon,  Bart,  by  Catharine,  daugh- 
ter of  Sir  Cecil  Bisshopp,  Bart,  afterwards 
married  to  Charles  first  Earl  of  Liverpool. 
With  this  lady  (who  was  sister  to  Arabella- 
Diana,  Duchess  of  Dorset  and  Countess 
Whitworth,)  he  acquired  the  estate  of 
Orton  Longueville,  which  he  very  con- 
siderably enlarged,  by  purchasing  in  1803 
the  two  adjoining  parishes  of  Chesterton 
and  Hnddou.  She  died  on  the  16th  Nov. 
1832,  having  had  issue  six  sons  and  three 
daughters:  I.  Chnrles,  now  Marquess  of 
Huntly  ;  3.  Lady  Catherine-Susan,  mar- 
ried in  1ft  14  to  the  Hon.  Charles  Comp- 
ton  Cavendifh,  M.P.  uncle  to  the  Earl  of 
Burlington,  and  has  issue  ;  3.  the  Rev. 
Lord  George  Gordon,  Rector  of  Chester- 


The  Marquess  op  Huntly,  K.T. 

JttJie  17.  In  Chapel -street,  Grosvenor- 
tquare,  having  nearly  completed  his  92nd 
year,  the  Most  Hon.  George  Gordon, 
ninth  Marquess  of  Huntly,  Earl  of  Enzie 
and  Lord  of  Badenoch  (1599),  Earl  of 
Huntly  (1450),  Earl  of  Aboyne  and  Baron 
(Gordon  of  Strathaven  and  Glenlivet  (1660), 
Viscount  of  Aboyne  (1632),  Viscount  of 
Melgun  and  Baron  Aboyne  (1627),  and 
Lord  of  Gordon  (before  1408),  all  digni- 
ties in  the  peerage  of  Scotland  ;  Baron 
Meldrum  of  Morven  in  the  peerage  of  the 
United  Kingdom  (1815);  a  Baronet  of 
Nova  Scotia  (16^5)  ;  K.T.;  Colonel  of  the 
Aberdecm>hire  Militia,  and  Aide-de-camp 
to  the  Queen  ;  a  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  the 
shires  of  Forfar  and  Aberdeen. 

The  Marquess  of  Huntly  was  born  at 
Edinburgh  on  the  28th  June,  1761,  the 
son  and  heir  of  Charles  fourth  Earl  of 
Aboyne,  and  the  only  son  of  his  first  wife 
Lady  Margaret  Stewart,  third  daughter  of 
Alexfindcr  Mxth  Earl  of  Galloway.  His 
onlyhaif-hrother  wa^  tlit-  late  Lord  Douglas 
Gordon-  Hallybnrton,  the  son  of  his  father*s 
second  wiff  l^idy  Mary  Douglas,  daughter 
of  the  Karl  of  Morton  ;  and  his  sister  (by 
his  own  mother)  wa^  the  wife  of  the  late 
Mr.  Birkford  of  Fonthill,  but  died  in  1786*, 
three  years  after  her  marriage. 

The  Marquess  (then  Lord  Strathaven) 
catered  the  army  as  Ensign  in  the  first 


1858.]       03ITUARY. — The  Earl  of  Whntfss  and  March. 


199 


ton,  Hantingdonahire,  who  married  io 
1851  Charlotte- Anpe,  danghter  of  Thomas 
Wright  Vaughan,  esq.  of  Woodstone,  in 
that  county  ;  4.  Lady  Charlotte  Sophia 
Gordon;  5.  Lady  Mary,  who  was  the 
first  wife  of  Frederick  Charles  William 
Seymour,  esq.  fourth  son  of  the  late  Lord 
Hogh  Seymour,  and  grandson  to  the  first 
Marquess  of  Hertford,  and  died  in  1825, 
leaving  issue  ;  6.  Lord  John  Frederick 
Gordon-Hallyburton,  Captain  R.N.  and 
R.C.U.  who  married  in  1836  Lady  Au- 
gusta, widow  of  the  Hon.  John  Kennedy- 
Erskine,  and  one  of  the  daughters  of  King 
William  the  Fourth  ;  her  Ladyship  is 
Housekeeper  of  the  palace  of  Kensington; 
7.  Lord  Henry  Gordon,  an  officer  of  the 
Bengal  army,  who  married  in  1827  Miss 
Louisa  Payne,  and  has  a  numerous  family, 
of  whom  the  eldest  was  married  in  1845 
to  the  Rev.  Lord  Augustus  Fitz-Clarence, 
Vicar  of  Mapledurham,  co.  Oxford,  and 
has  issue ;  8.  Lord  Cecil  Gordon,  who 
married  in  1841  Emily,  eldest  daughter 
of  Maurice  Crosbie  Moore,  esq.  of  Moores- 
fort,  CO.  Tipperary,  and  has  issue;  and 
9.  Lord  Francis  Arthur  Gordon,  Msjor 
in  the  army,  and  Captain  in  the  Ist  Life 
Guards,  who  married  in  1835  Isabella, 
only  child  of  Lieut. -Gen.  Sir  William  Keir 
Grant,  K.C.H.  and  has  issue. 

The  present  Marquess  was  born  in  1792; 
and  having  married  first  Lady  Elizabeth 
Henrietta  Conyngham,  eldest  daughter  of 
Henry  first  Marquess  of  Conyngham,  by 
whom  he  had  no  issue,  married  secondly, 
in  1844,  Mary  Antoinetta,  only  surviving 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  William  Peg  us,  by 
Charlotte  dowager  Countess  of  Lindsey, 
and  has  issue  Charles,  now  Earl  of  Aboyne, 
bom  in  1847,  three  other  sons,  and  two 
daughters.  The  Marquess  was  formerly 
M.P.  for  East  Grinstead,  and  in  1830  for 
Huntingdonshire. 


The  Ea&l  of  Wemyss  and  March. 

June  28.  At  Gosford  House,  East 
Lothian,  in  his  81  st  year,  the  Right  Hon. 
Francis  Wemyss  Charteris  Wemyss,  sixth 
Earl  of  Wemyss  and  Lord  Elcho  and 
Methel  (1633),  Baron  Wemyss  of  Elcho 
(1628),  Earl  of  March,  Viscount  of  Pee- 
bles, and  Lord  Niedpath,  Lyne,  and  Mu- 
nard  (1697),  all  dignities  in  the  peerage 
of  Scotland  ;  Baron  Wemyss  of  Wemyss, 
CO.  Fife  (1821);  and  Lord-Lieutenant  of 
Peebleshire. 

He  was  born  on  the  15th  April,  1772, 
the  only  son  of  Francis  Lord  Elcho  (son 
and  heir  apparent  of  the  fifth  Earl),  by 
Miss  Susan  Tracy  Keck,  one  of  the  Maids 
of  Honour  to  Queen  Charlotte,  the  second 
daughter  of  Anthony  Tracy  Keck,  esq.  of 
Great  Tew,  co.  Oxford,  by  Lady  Susan 


Hamilton,  fourth  daughter  of  James  fo^rth 
Duke  of  Hamilton  and  first  Duke  of 
Brandon,  K.G.  and  K.T. 

In  early  life  his  lordship  bad  a  com- 
mission in  the  army,  and  from  1793  to 
1797  was  aide-de-camp  to  bis  grand-undo 
Lord  Adam  Gordon,  Commander-in-chief 
of  the  forces  in  Scotland.  He  quitted  the 
array  in  1797. 

His  father  Lord  Elcho  died  on  the  20th 
June,  1808,  and  bis  grandfather  on  the 
24th  August  following ;  whereupon  he  suc- 
ceeded to  the  Earldom  of  Wemyss  and  itf 
attendant  titles.  On  the  death  of  William 
fourth  Duke  of  Queensberry  in  Dec.  181Q, 
he  inherited  the  barony  of  Niedpath,  i^id 
the  extensive  property  which  had  belonged 
to  his  Grace  in  the  county  of  Peebles  ;  in 
pursuance  of  the  terms  of  the  marriage 
contract  of  the  first  Earl  of  March,  his 
Grace's  grandfather.  He  also  succeeded 
to  the  dignities  of  Earl  of  March,  Viscount 
of  Peebles,  and  Lord  Douglas  of  Nied- 
path, Lyne,  and  Munard,  the  patent  of 
creation  being  to  Lord  William  Douglas 
et  heredes  masculos  de  ejus  corpore  ;  qui- 
bus  deficientibus,  alios  ejus  heeredes  mas- 
culos et  tallise  contentos  in  ejus  infeofa- 
mentis  terrarum  et  dominii  de  Niedpath. 

His  Lordship  was  created  a  peer  of  the 
united  kingdom  by  the  title  of  Baron 
Wemyss,  at  the  Coronation  of  King 
George  IV.  by  patent  dated  July  17, 1821. 
He  supported  the  Conservative  party  in 
parliament,  but  took  but  little  interest  in 
politics. 

He  married,  May  31,  1794,  Margaret, 
fourth  daughter  of  Walter  Campbell,  esq. 
of  Shawfield,  by  his  first  wife  Eleanor, 
daughter  of  Robert  Kerr  of  Newfield, 
eldest  son  of  Lord  Charles  Kerr,  second 
son  of  Robert  first  Marquess  of  Lothian. 
By  that  lady,  who  died  in  1850,  he  had 
issue  two  sons  and  nine  daughters:,  I. 
Francis,  his  successor ;  2.  Lady  Eleanor, 
married  in  1820  to  Walter  Frederick 
Campbell,  of  Woodhall,  co.  Lanark,  esq* 
(eldest  son  of  Colonel  John  Campbell,  by 
Lady  Charlotte,  daughter  of  John  fifth 
Duke  of  Argyle),  and  died  in  1832;  3. 
the  Hon.  Walter,  died  1818  ;  4.  Susan, 
who  died  in  infancy.  5.  Lady  Margaret 
married  in  1824  to  Lieut. -Colonel  John 
Wildman,  and  died  in  1825  ;  6.  Lady 
Katharine,  married  in  1824  to  her  cousii| 
George- Harry  Lord  Grey  of  Groby,  who 
died  in  1835,  and  she  died  in  1844,  leaving 
issue  the  present  Earl  of  Stamford  ana 
Warrington  and  Lady  Margaret  Milbanke; 
7.  Lady  Charlotte,  married  in  1895  to 
Andrew  Fletcher,  esq.  of  Salton  Castle, 
East  Lothian  ;  8.  Lady  Louisa-Antoinetta, 
married  io  1833  to  William  Forbes,  esq. 
of  Callendar,  co.  Stirling,  late  M.P.  for 
Stirlingshire ;  9.  Lady  Harriet,  married  in 


^                Major-Gen.  Howard-Vyse. — J.  Oswald,  Stq.  [Aug 

829  to  Sir  George  Grant  Sattie,  Bart. ;  1820.     In  18^4  he  aerred  the  oiiee  ( 

0.  Lady  Jane :  and  11.  Ladj  Caroline.  Higrh  Sheriff  of  Backinghamshhne. 

The  present  Earl  was  born  in  1 7iM>,  and  He   married  Nov.    13,   1810, 

narried  in  1(5 17  Lidy  Louisa  Bingham,  lecoad  daughter  of  Henry  Heaketfi,  eaq. 

rourth  dauehter  of  Richard  2d  Earl  of  of  Newton,  Cheahire ;  and  by  that  lady  he 

Locan,  by  whom  be  has  issue  Francis  now  had  issue  ten  children,  eight  soos  and  two 


Lord  Elcbo, 
daughters. 


four  other  sons,   and  two 


Major-Genkral  Howard-Vysk. 
June  \i.  At  Stoke  Pogeis,  Buckingbam- 
abire,  aged  69,  Richard  William  Howard- 
Vyse,  esq.  of  thut  place,  and  of  Bongbton, 
Northamptonshire,  a  Major- General  in 
the  army. 

He  was  boru  on  the  ^oth  July,  1784, 
the  only  ^on  of  General  Richard  Vyse, 
Comptroller  of  the  Household  of  H.R.H. 
the  Duke  of  Cumberland  (a  memoir  of 
whom  will  be  found  in  our  Magazine  for 
1823,  part  ii.  p   1^0),  by  his  second  wife 
Anne,    daughter    of    Field-Marshal    Sir 
George  Howard,  K.B.  grand-nephew  of 
Francis  fifth  Lord  Howard  of  Effingham. 
By  royal  sign -manual,   dated   Sept.    14, 
1812,  he  assumed  the  additional  name  of 
Howard  before  his  own,  and  the  arms  of 
Howard  quarterly.    He  inherited,  through 
his   maternal    grandmother.    Lady    Lucy 
Wentworth,    the    wife    of    Sir    George 
Howard,   the   estates  of   Boughton   and 
Pitsford  in  Northamptonshire,  which  had 
been  purchased  by  her  father,  Thomas  2d 
Earl  of  Strafford  (vee  Baker's  Northamp- 
tonsbire,  vol.  i.  p.  34).     He  entered  the 
army,  as   Ensign  in  the   1st  Dragoons, 
May  T),  IHOO ;  was  promoted  to  Lieutenant 
in  the  ir)th  Dragoons,  June  17,   1801  ; 
and  to  Captain,  June  24,  1K02.     In  1H09 
he  acted  as  Aide-de-camp  to  his  father  on 
the  staff  of  the  Yorkshire  district.     He 
became  Major  by  brevet  June  4,  1813 ; 
Captain  in  the  H7th  Foot,  Aug.  31,  1»15: 
in   the  '2i\   Life  Guards,  July  5,   1816; 
Major  in  the  Ut  West  India  Regiment, 
Jan.  4,  IHU);  in  the  2d  Life  Guards  on 
the  ii\i  of  the  following  month,  and  brevet 
liinut.'C'oloncl  in   May.     He  was  placed 
on  lialf-pay  Sept.  10,  1825.     He  was  pro- 
moted to  tho  rank  of  Colonel  Jan.   10, 
IH.I7;  and  to  that  of  Major-Gencral  in 
IH4fi.      lie    was    sometime   Equerry   to 
H.K.H.  the  Duke  of  Cumberland. 

At  the  grnrral  flection  of  1807  he  was 
returned  to  pnriinnient  as  one  of  the 
memlMrrs  lor  Beverley,  (for  which  his  father 
had  Nat  in  thr  pnriiamcnt  of  1806),  after  a 
mntckt  wliicli  terminated  thus— 

.  lOVi 

.     739 

.     .    279 


daughters.  The  former  were.  1.  Geor« 
Charles  Ernest  Adolphni  Ridiard  Howard- 
Vvse,  Captain  in  9d  Life  Gnnrds,  who 
married  in  1839  Elisabeth,  daogfater  of 
the  late  Sir  Michael  Seymour,  Bait. ; 
2.  Richard  Henry  Richmrd  Howard-Vyse, 
Captain  in  the  Royal  Horse  Gaards,  and 
M.P.  for  South  Northamptonshire,  for 
which  be  has  sat  from  1846  ;  3.  Frederiek, 
Uent.  R.N.;  4.  WilUam-Crewe-Dock. 
worth,  who  died  yonng;  5.  GranTiUe-Sykes; 
6.  Thomas,  who  died  yoong ;  7.  Edward; 
8.  Francis;  *J.  Aogusta-EUzabeth ;  and 
10,  Sophia,  married  to  Dr.  Falconer,  of 
Bath. 


Capt.  H.  W.  U.  Vyse.    . 

John  Wharton,  esq.    .     . 
Philip  SUples,  es<i.      .     . 

He  sat  for  that  borough  until  the  dis- 
«,lutlon  of   1H12,  and  in   1816  he  was 
elected  for  Honiton,  for  which  he  sat  until 
12 


Jamr#  Oswald,  Esq. 

June  10.  At  Glasgow,  aged  75,  James 
Oswald,  esq.  of  AochencmiTe,  formerly 
M.P.  for  Glasgow. 

He  was  the  son  and  heir  of  Alexander 
Oswald,  esq.  of  Shield  Hall,  eo.  Renfrew, 
who  died  in  1813,  by  Mary-Anne,  dan. 
of  John  Dnndas  of  Mona,  co.  Pttth,  and 
wss  an  eminent  merchant  in   Glasgow. 
His  first  cousin,  Richard  Alexander  Os- 
wald, esq.  of  AncbencmiTe,  was  formerly 
M.P.  for  the  county  of  Ayr ;  and  at  his 
death  in  184 1 ,  this  gentleman  snooeeded  to 
the  representation  of  the  fomily,  and  the 
estate  of  AncbencruiTe.     His  great-nnde, 
Richard  Oswald,  esq.  was  a  Commissioner 
for  concluding  the  treaty  of  peace  with  ^b/t 
Americans  in  1783. 

Being  a  strenuous  supporter  of  Liberal 
principles,  Mr.  Oswald  became  one  of  the 
members  for  Glasgow  at  the  first  election 
after  the  enactment  of  Reform  in  1832. 
There  were  no  fewer  than  aix  candidates, 
all  professing,  more  or  less,  popular 
opinions ;  and  the  poll  terminated  as  fol- 
lows :  — 

James  Ewing,  esq. 
James  Oswald,  esq.    . 
Sir  Daniel  K.  Sandford 
John  Crawford,  eaq.  . 
John  Douglas,  eaq.    . 
Joseph  Dixon,  esq.     . 

In  1835  Mr.  Oswald  wai 
the  head  of  the  poll,  Mr.  Ewing  being 
excluded  by  Mr.  Colin  Dnnlop — 

James  Oswald,  esq.  .  .  3833 
Colin  Dunlop,  esq.  .  .  3367 
James  Ewing,  esq.      .     .     3897 

In  May,  1837,  Mr.  Oswald  retired  from 
parliament  by  accepting  the  stewardship 
of  the  Chiltern  Hundreds  ;  but  on  the 
death  of  Lord  William  Bentinck,  one  of 


3214 

9838 
2168 
1850 
1340 
9d5 

retnmed  at 


1863.]     M.  O'Connell,  Esq.  M.P.-^Comm.  Bridges^  R.N.  201 


the  members  for  Glasgovr,  in  June,  1839, 
he  was  agaia  chosen,  without  a  contest. 

At  the- general  election  of  1841  there 
were  two  opponents  to  the  old  members, 
bat  they  were  defeated,  and  Mr.  Oswald 
was  again  at  the  bead  of  the  poll — 

James  Oswald,  esq.    .  .  2771 

John  Dennistoun,  esq.  .  2728 

James  Campbell,  esq.  .  2416 

George  Mills,  esq.      .  .  358 

Mr.  Oswald  was  unmarried  ;  and  he  is 
mioceeded  by  his  nephew  Alexander  Os- 
wald,  esq.  who  married  in  1844  Lady 
Loaisa  Johnstone,  widow  of  Sir  George 
Frederick  Johnstone,  Bart,  and  daughter 
of  William  first  Earl  Craven,  by  whom 
he  has  issue. 


Maubice  O'Connbll,  Esq.,  M.P. 

June  17.  In  London,  from  a  sudden 
attack  of  apoplexy,  Maurice  O^Connell, 
esq.  of  Darrynane  Abbey,  co.  Kerry,  M.P. 
for  Tralee. 

This  gentleman  was  the  eldest  son  of 
the  late  celebrated  Irish  demagogue,  Daniel 
0*ConnelI;  esq.  by  his  cousin,  Mary,  dau. 
of  Dr.  O'Connell,  physician  at  Tralee. 

He  was  called  to  the  Irish  bar  in  the 
year  1827:  and  in  1831,  on  the  nomina- 
tion of  his  father,  he  was  returned  to  Par- 
liament as  one  of  the  Knights  of  the  Shire 
for  Clare.  After  the  enactment  of  the 
Reform  Bill  he  was  returned  for  the  bo- 
rough of  Tralee,  beating  Sir  Edward  Denny, 
Bart,  by  twenty  votes, — 91  to  71.  In  that 
parliament  the  O'Connell  family  occupied 
six  scats,  Mr.  OTonnell  himself  and  his 
three  sons,  and  his  sons-in-law  Mr. 
Charles  O'Connell  and  Mr.  Fitzsinion, 
being  all  members. 

At  the  general  election  of  1835  Mr. 
Maurice  O'Connell  again  defeated  Sir  Ed- 
ward Denny,  by  85  votes  to  81.  In  1837 
tbe  conservative  candidate  John  Bateman, 
esq.  was  returned  by  75  votes  to  C4  ;  but, 
on  petition,  the  Committee  seated  Mr. 
Maurice  O'Connell,  and  by  recording  cer- 
tain tendered  votes  which  had  been  re- 
jected by  the  returning  officer,  made  the 
poll— for  Mr.  M.  O'Connell  133,  for  Mr. 
Bateman  111.  Subsequently,  at  the  three 
several  elections  of  1841,  1847,  and  185i', 
he  was  rechosen  for  Tralee  without  a 
competitor. 

Mr.  O^Connell  was  a  more  moderate 
man  than  his  father,  and  had  given  a  par- 
tial support  to  the  present  administration. 
His  personal  manners  conciliated  the  re- 
gard of  many  of  his  political  opponents. 

Mr.  O'Connell  married  in  1832  Miss 
Scott,  only  daughter  of  Bindon  Scott,  esq. 
of  Cahircon,  co.  Clare,  by  whom  he  has 
left  issue.  His  son  and  heir  is  Daniel 
O'Connell,  midshipman  R.N.   who  has 

Gent.  Ma^.  Vol.  XL. 


recently  returned  home  from  a  cruize  in 
H.M.S.  Dauntless.  He  has  been  suc- 
ceeded in  Parliament  for  Tralee  by  his 
youngest  brother,  Daniel. 


COMMANOBR    J.  H.  BrIDOES,    R.N. 

Nop.  13.  At  Calcutta,  aged  39,  by 
Asiatic  cholera,  Commander  James  Henry 
Bridges,  R.N. 

This  zealous  officer  was  the  third  son  of 
Sir  Henry  Bridges,  of  Beddington,  Surrey, 
and  by  a  daughter  of  General  William 
Tombes  Dalrymple.     He  commenced  his 
career  at  the  age  of  12  years,  in  tbe  Ariadne 
38,   Capt.   Lord   Adolphus  Fitzclareoce, 
under  the  immediate  patronage  of  King 
William  IV.     As  a  midshipman  and  lieu- 
tenant he  was  constantly  engaged  in  ya- 
rious  parts  of  the  world,  and  as  gunnery 
Lieutenant  of   the  Thunderer  84,  Capt. 
M.  F.  F.  Berkeley,  in  the  year  1840,  he 
assisted  in  all  the  operations  of  the  Syrian 
campaign,  the  bombardment  of  Beyrout, 
the  storming  of  Sidon,  and  the  capture  of 
St.  Jean  d'Acre,  and  received,  with  the 
other    officers    engaged,  an  English  and 
Turkish  medal.     In  1846  he  went  to  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope  as  first  Lieutenant  of 
the  Brilliant  22,  Captaih  Watson,  C.B., 
out  of  which  ship  he  exchanged,  for  the 
sake  of  being  more  actively  employed,  into 
the  Columbine    1 6,  commanded  by  Capt. 
Gray,  and  upon  his  death  by  Commander 
(now   Capt.)  John    Dalrymple   Hay,  to- 
gether with  whom,  as  his  first  Lieutenant, 
he  distinguished  himself  in  1349  in  a  suc- 
cessful effort  to  put  down  the  pirates  on 
the  coast  of  China,  particularly  on  one 
occasion,   when    he   commanded   a   boat, 
which  gallantly   attacked  and    boarded  a 
Chinese  junk.  Soon  after  his  return  home 
in  1850  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Commander.     Upon  attaining  this  impor- 
tant step,  he  devoted  himself  for  a  year  to 
the  study  of  steam  at  the  Royal  Naval  Col- 
lege, Portsmouth,  and  then,  unwilling  to 
be  without  employment,  and  in   the  hope 
of  ribing  still  higher  in  his  profession,  he 
accepted  the  appointment  offered  to  him 
of  Admiralty  agent,  and  took   charge  of 
the  mails,  first  in  the  Bosphorus  screw- 
steam  ship,  to  the  Cape   of  Good  Hope, 
and   immediately  upon   his   return   from 
thence,  in  the  Lady  Jocelyn,  to  Calcutta, 
where  he  died  after  an   illness   of  three 
days. 


Jamks  Harmer,  Esq. 
Juns  — .     At  the  residence  of  his  friend 
Adam  Steele,  esq.  Cricklewood,  Middlesex, 
James  Harmer,  esq.  formerly  an  Alderman 
of  London. 

Mr.  Harmer  was  the  son  of  a  Spitalfields 
weaver,  and  was  left  an  orphan  at  ten  years 

2D 


ef  ags.     He  learned  to  wi 
mod  ID  1(93  wan  articled  to  ■□  ■itome;, 
wboeB  office  be  wm  compelled  to  leave  in 
COEueqaetice  of  hii  earlir  marcioge. 


Harmar,  Baq, — R.  J,  Gravu,  MJ). 


CAug. 


I  Men 


netcher  and  Wiight,  o(  Bloomebury, 
then  entered  into  buincbi  oa  bii  owd  ac- 
Munt,  with  very  coniiderable  succCM. 
Uncb  of  his  pnctice  bi  aa  attoraej  was 
in  the  CrimiDiJ  Court  i  and  hit  eijierience 
had  DO  Utile  jnaoeace  upon  public  opinion 
and  Parlismentar]'  decition  ;  for  his  gti- 
dence  before  the  Committee  for  the  Refor- 
auUoD  of  the  CrimiDal  Law  wai  declared 
bj  Sir  Jamea  Mackintoih  to  be  unequalled 
ta  its  effect :  be  exposed  tfae  deliDqumc; 
of  witnoMi,  and  eipecialtj  the  mode  in 
wUcb  caOTictioni  had  been  obtained  in 
tha  caie  of  UDllomj  and  Haggartf  ;  and 
ka  took  an  actiTB  part  io  obtaining  the 
•bolltion  of  the  blDOd-monej  arttem.  On 
the  death  of  Mr.  Waithmaa  in  1833,  Mr. 
Bamier  was  unanimoualT  elected  alder- 
Man  of  the  Ward  of  Parringilon  Without, 
nbm  be  relinqoiihed  hii  legal  practice, 
worth  lOOOf.  a  jear.  He  ierted  the  office 
of  Sheria  of  London  and  Middleiei  in 
1834,  and  during  bia  year  of  office  he 
ihowed  himaelf  a  loyal  man  and  a  loier  of 
order,  when  he  olTered  to  collect  in  per- 
ton  tales  which  bad  been  retiated. 

Id  the  rear  1840  it  became  hii  turu,  as 
MOior   alderman   below   the  chair,   to   be 
•lacled  Lord  Mayor  -.  but  a  strong  fi 
«Meiciled  by  ■' 

Enblic  preu,  in  conseqi 
[am     ' 


to  resign  bis  gowi 
--  —    -   1   he  D 


Mr.  Harmer's  Iwdy  was  interred  an  the 
16th  June  at  Kensal  Green  Cemetery. 

Bj  his  will  Mr.  Harmer  disposed  oF 
4Q,000'.iDTariauE  legacies,  which  included 
a  liberal  bequett  to  his  graad-daughter. 
It  was  bis  original  IntentiDn  that  the 
residue  of  bia  persona]  estate  shnald  be 
devot«d  to  charitable  objecta  upon  a  mag- 
niiicenl  scale,  to  be  Instituted  and  founded 
by  him.  HoweTer,  by  a  codicil,  made 
only  a  few  months  before  bis  death,  be 
increased  the  legacies  to  70,0001.;  and 
the  residue,  which  formed  the  bulk  of  bia 
property,  be  has  diierted  from  the  beueno- 
lent  channels  he  had  gireTionely  deiigiied 
it,  and  haa  left  tfae  whole  of  it  to  hia  grand- 
dsDghter,  who  *aa  rciiding  with  bim,  and 
ia  his  sole  heir,  add  appointed  teaiduarjr 
legatee.  The  amount  of  property  of  wbich 
he  died  poaaesaed  is  not  yet  ascertained  ; 
hot  it  is  spoken  of  aa  not  likely  to  be  eid- 
mated  for  probate  dnty  below  3OD,O00J. 

RoBEBT  James  Ga*ncB,  M.D. 
AfareA  UO.  In  Mernon-8<|UBre,  Dublin, 
aged   h6,   Robert  Junes   GtaTca,  M.D,, 
M.R.I.A.,   fotmerly   Professar  of  Insti- 
lutea  of  Medicine  to  the  King  and  Queen's 
College  of  Physicians  in  Irelsnd,  Physi- 
cian to  tbe  Meath  Hospital.  &c.,  an  hono- 
rary and  corresponding   Member  of  the 
Royal  Medical  tSociety  of  Berlin,  of  the 
Imperial  Medical  Society  of  Vienna,  and 
of  the  Medico- Chirugical  Societie*  ofHam- 
of  the      burgh,  Tubingen,  Bruges.  Muutreal,  Ike 
of  Alderman         This  gentleman  was  the  youogeai  sot)  of 
'lib  the  Weekly  Dis-     one  of  the  most  distinguished  Fellows  of 
the  University  of  Unbhn,  and  the  bright- 
est arnaments  of  the  ProleslaQt  Cbnroh 
in  Ireland,  the  lery  R«.  Richard  Graiea, 
U.D.,   Dean    of  Ardagh,  well  known  aa 
tbe  author  of  a  work  on   the  PeaUteucb. 
Hii  cousin,  the  Rer.  Charlea  GnTes,D,t>., 
F.T.C.,    haa   for  sereral  years   filled  th< 
the  Unisenitjr  of 
After  hating  n- 


nanded 


when   Mr.    Harmer   polled   a,^<>1, 

Thomas  Johnson  2,713,  and  AIJ.    Pirie 

8,471.     The  two  junior  aldermen   being 

nlnrned  by  the  LiTery.  (he  Court  of  Al- 

elected  Mr.  Johnson  as  tbe  aenior     chair 

n,  and  Mi.  Harmer  thought  proper      Dublin  with  distir 


Wha 


Tslnahle  1 


■,t  temporary     ceiled 
endured,   he      '* 
rting. 


pteaented  bim 
of  their  rt^^d. 

Hr.  Harmer  took  a  leading  part  in 
Mtabliahing  the  Royal  Free  Hospital  in 
Qrcfille- street  i  and  hia  presidency  of  the 
NawsTcndera'  Bauc'alent  Prorldeot  In- 
■titntion  was  uniformly  dialinguiibed  by 
liberal  contribolions  to  its  fuads.  By  his 
proprielorahip  of  the  Weekly  Diipalch 
Bawspaper,  aa  well  as  by  his  legal  practice, 
ha  tmaaaed  ■  lari^  foilune. 

Ha  Kslriad   Utterly  at  bia  msBsina  on 
•  nrar  Gracnhithe.  named  In- 
la  Park,  which  be  erected chicfl; 


ledchicfliDftk 
le    old    Londo 


iFul  preliminary  oduoa- 
non,  young  GraiM  ws*  entered  asa  fellov- 
commoner  in  Trinit*  Collage.  Dublin,  and 
al  once  eiinced  abilities  of  a  high 'order. 
Among  a  large  number  of  candidates  at  a 
July  entrance,  he  took  the  first  pUec,  and 
from  this  lime  msiutained  a  high  slalna  in 
his  class,  baling  been  a  "  double -Ant' ' 
man  almosl  in  his  entire  undBrgradaata 
course.  With  two  exception*,  he  oh- 
lained  tbe  lirat  priie  in  classics  and  mi. 
enc<  at  every  Mamination,  and  hntinf  pat 
in  CTcry  term -examination,  and  obtainad 
a  M/fft  la  ManMw.  he  tbui  entitled  hiaa- 
self  to,  and  receited,  a  gold  medal,  on 
t4klag  bi*  dr-gr«e  of  Baohrlor  ' 
Ilaiiii  j  delermined  to  deval 

nedielu*.    Mt.    Oratea    commcDcnl 

praraBk>nalatadi«BioDHblln,aadUboai«d 


leirio  J 

I    bit  I 

Bared         J 


1858.] 


Obituary. — JRobert  James  Graves,  M.D. 


203 


with  eqiml  teal  and  industry  in  the  ac- 
^oireBient  of  medical  knowleclge,  as  he  had 
done  prerioiisly  in  his  university  career. 
Tbe  period  of  hia  studentship  was  one  in 
many  raapects  foTourable  to  the  develop- 
ment of  youthful  abilities,  and  the  en- 
eoufmgement  of  talents,  accompanied  by 
cnei^gy  and  ambition.  A.  sound  and  me- 
thodic system  of  medical  observation  was 
beginning  to  be  understood  and  cultivated 
in  Irelanid.  Human  anatomy  was  well 
and  carefully  taught,  the  value  of  pott ^ 
fmmrtem  examination  was  to  a  considerable 
extent  appreciated,  and  if  no  enlarged  pa- 
thological views  were  yet  promulgated,  at 
least  a  rational  system  of  morbid  anatomy 
was  preparing  the  way  for  them.  The  ob- 
■ervation  of  the  phenomena  of  disease  was 
held  essential,  and  everything  in  fact  be- 
tokened an  awakened  activity  in  the  medi- 
cal minds  of  the  Irish  metropolis.  De- 
tached essays  and  papers  on  various  medi- 
cal subjects  had  appeared  from  time  to 
time  from  the  Irish  physicians  and  sur- 
geons, and  attempts,  hitherto  unsuccessful, 
it  is  true,  had  been  made  to  establish  a 
periodical  literature.  Some  medical  so- 
eieties  had  been  formed,  and  already  many 
Irish  names  were  well  known  in  English 
and  European  schools.  The  period  coin- 
cident with  the  date  of  Mr.  Graves^s  stu- 
dentahip,  however,  was  that  which  showed 
the  most  substantial  promise  for  the  fature 
of  the  Irish  school.  In  the  year  1816,  the 
Fellows  and  Licentiates  of  the  King  and 
Queen *s  College  of  Physicians  in  Ireland 
formed  themsdves  into  an  association  for 
the  publication  of  '*  Medical  and  Philoso- 

Shiod  Intelligence,  Hospital  Reports, 
lorbid  Histories,  and  other  original  pa- 
pers.*' In  the  transactions  of  this  body 
many  valuable  communications  have  ap- 
peared. In  the  year  1817  we  find  the 
names  of  Drs.  Cheyne,  Edward  Percival, 
Colles,  and  Todd*  associated  in  the  editor- 
ship of  the  *'  Doblin  Hospital  Reports 
and  Communications  in  Medicine  and 
Surgery,"  a  publication  which  reached  to 
five  volumes,  and  which  will  bear  com- 
parison with  any  medical  literature  of  that 
period,  for  variety  and  extent  of  observa- 
tions, and  the  spirit  of  philosophic  re- 
search evinced  by  the  contributors  to  its 
pages. 

Sach  was  the  condition  of  the  Irish 
Medical  School  at  the  date  of  Mr.  Graves's 
studentship.  Eminently  gifted  as  he  was 
by  nature,  endowed  with  excellent  abili- 
ties, remarkable  powers  of  observation, 
and  animated  with  high  and  noble  views. 


*  The  father  of  the  eminent  Professor 
of  Anatomy  and  Physiology  at  King's 
College.  The  Irish  school  had  to  deplore 
hia  too  early  loss  in  the  year  1895. 


these  influences  must  have  had  much 
weight  in  the  formation  and  determination 
of  his  medical  character,  and,  as  the  sequel 
of  his  career  fully  proved,  he  was  not  un- 
worthy to-  follow  in  the  footsteps  of  such 
noble  pioneers  of  science,  and  to  carry  out 
the  good  work  they  had  commenced.  He 
was  himself  also  destined  to  be  a  reformer, 
and  to  have  no  inconsiderable  share  in 
establishing  the  reputation  of  the  School 
of  Dublin. 

Having  graduated  in  medicine.  Dr. 
Graves  took  the  wise  determination  of 
visiting  some  of  the  chief  schools  of  Eu- 
rope, and  of  thus  extending  the  education 
he  had  received  at  home  by  familiarising 
himself  with  the  modes  of  observation 
pursued  elsewhere.  After  a  short  stay  in 
London,  where  he  studied  under  Sir  Wm. 
Blizard  and  Dr.  Robinson,  he  spent  three 
years  in  visiting  the  chief  Continental 
schools,  among  which  may  be  mentioned 
those  of  Berlin,  Gottingen,  Hamburgh, 
Copenhagen,  &c.  Among  the  distinguished 
teachers  with  whom  Dr.  Graves  was  now 
brought  into  contact  were  Hufeland  and 
Behrend,  under  whom  he  acquired  that 
taste  for  the  clinical  study  of  disease,  and 
the  cultivation  of  pathology,  which  so 
strongly  marked  his  subsequent  career. 

In  the  year  1821  Dr.  Graves  settled  in 
Dublin,  and  having  succeeded,  in  con- 
junction with  some  other  surgeons  and 
physicians,  in  establishing  a  private  school 
of  medicine,  and  having  also  been  elected 
one  of  the  physicians  of  the  Meath  Hos- 
pital, he  entered  with  great  energy  and 
zeal  on  the  arduous  career  of  a  medieal 
teacher.  The  school  of  which  he  was  one 
of  the  founders,  known  as  the  Park-street 
School  (now  the  site  of  St.  Mark*s  Op- 
tbalmic  Hospital),  rapidly  acquired  a  very 
high  character.  Here  he  first  taught  me- 
dical jurisprudence,  subsequently  patho- 
logical anatomy,  but  afterwards  became 
associated  with  Doctor,  now  Sir  Henry, 
Marsh,  in  the  chair  of  Practice  of  Physio. 
The  Meath  Hospital,  however,  was  the 
great  theatre  of  his  most  important  la- 
bours. Here  he  set  himself  vigorously  to 
work  to  reform  the  existing  sjrstem  of 
medical  education.  Hitherto,  the  student 
had  to  depend  on  himself  for  the  at^uire- 
ment  of  a  knowledge  of  disease.  Books 
were  written,  and  lectures  delivered,  both 
of  which  avail  but  littie  without  that  actual 
practical  knowledge  of  the  varying  phe- 
nomena of  disease  to  be  gained  at  the  bed- 
side alone.  Some  years  previously,  it  fa 
true.  Dr.  Whitley  Stokes  had  commenced 
the  system  of  actually  instructing  Uie  stu- 
dent by  the  bedside ;  but  it  remained  f6r 
Dr.  Gravea  thoroughly  to  incorporate 
clinical  instruction  with  the  other  elementa 
of  medical  education,  and  to  cause  its  ioK* 


204 


Obituary.— iBofter/  Jmnes  Graves,  3f.D. 


[Aug. 


mense  importance  to  be  fully  and  gene- 
rally  nndentood  and  recognised.  He 
•oon  found  apt  and  zealous  pupils,  and 
many  of  the  best  and  most  accomplished 
practitioners  now  ia  Ireland,  England,  the 
Colonies,  and  the  public  service,  were  then 
numbered  among  Dr.  Graves's  class  at  the 
Meath  Hospital,  and  many  have  lived  to 
acknowledge  with  pleasure  and  pride  the 
obligations  they  owed  to  his  teachings, 
and  the  stimulus  which  his  example  lent 
to  their  exertions.  Two  among  this  num- 
ber were  Dr.  Richard  Townsend  and  Dr. 
William  Stokes — the  former  hurried  away 
by  an  untimely  death,  the  latter  now 
Regius  Professor  of  Physic  in  the  Univer- 
iity  of  Dublin. 

The  example  of  Dr.  Graves,  at  this  pe- 
riod, exercised  the  best  influence  on  the 
medical  youth  of  Dublin.  His  labours, 
however,  were  not  confined  to  those  of 
teaching.  From  an  early  stage  in  his 
medical  career  he  evinced  the  highest 
talents  for  original  observation,  and  the 
results  of  his  inquiries  began  to  appear  in 
print,  and  to  attract  attention,  from  the 
masterly  style  of  his  delineations  of  dis- 
ease, his  graphic  manner,  and  the  clear- 
ness, judgment,  and  decision  with  which 
his  views  were  enunciated. 

Dr.  William  Stokes  having  graduated 
in  Edinburgh,  and  having  subsequently 
been  appointed  Dr.  Graves's  colleague  at 
the  Meath  Hospital,  these  two  names  are 
henceforth  to  be  met  with  together  as 
teachers  and  fellow- labourers  in  the  field 
of  original  research.  Under  their  joint 
editorship  appeared  the  valuable  series  of 
Meath  Hospital  Reports,  which  have  con- 
nected the  name  of  this  institution  with 
the  progress  of  Irish  medicine  during  the 
last  thirty  years. 

In  the  year  1827,  Dr.  Graves  was  elected 
Professor  of  the  Institutes  of  Medicine  to 
the  King  and  Queen's  College  of  Phy- 
sicians in  Ireland, — a  chair  which  he  con- 
tinued to  fill  for  many  years  with  great 
distinction. 

As  a  reformer  in  practice,  Dr.  Graves 
has  done  invaluable  service;  and  in  no 
respect  more  so  than  as  regards  the  treat- 
ment of  the  typhus  fever  of  Ireland.  This 
disease,  always  endemic  in  the  sister  island, 
occasionally  breaks  forth  as  an  epidemic 
visitation  of  the  most  fatal  kind,  and  seve- 
ral years  are  popularly  memorable  as  *'the 
fever  years."  Such  were  1817,  1822,  and 
lastly  1846-47.  Having  enjoyed  ample 
opportunities  of  studying  this  fatal 
pestilence,  Dr.  Graves  became  not  less 
distinguished  as  a  practitioner  than  as  a 
teacher  and  propagator  of  bold  and  en- 
lightened views  in  the  treatment  of  fever  ; 
and  on  no  occasions  were  his  ciiniquet  at 
the  Meath  Hospital  better  attended  than 


when  it  was  known  that  ferer  was  to  be 
his  theme.  An  intimate  stndy  of  the  dis- 
ease, and  a  careful  observation  of  the 
alarming  symptoms  of  early  prostration  so 
common  in  Irish  typhus,  convinced  Dr. 
Graves  of  the  error  of  the  practice  in 
vogue,  which  consisted  chiefly  in  vrith- 
holding  nourishment  and  administering 
purgatives.  Against  this  system  he  took 
up  arms,  and  waged  a  successful  war,  not, 
it  may  be  imagined,  without  violent  oppo- 
sition. His  views,  however,  soon  gained 
converts,  and,  aided  by  his  colleague  and 
other  enlightened  practitioners,  the  old 
plan  gradually  gave  ground  to  the  new. 
There  was  nothing  in  which  Dr.  Graves 
took  more  real  pleasure  and  pride  than  in 
the  changes  in  practice  thus  brought  abont. 
He  said,  "  Let  them  write  it  as  my  epitaph, 
that  I  fed  fevers.*' 

Did  our  limits  permit,  we  could  dwell 
at  considerable  length  on  other  important 
principles  of  treatment  advocated  by  Dr. 
Graves.  We  can  only  refer  to  his  papers 
"  On  the  Use  of  Tartar  Emetic  and  Opium 
in  the  Delirium  of  Fever,"  •*  The  Em- 
ployment  of  Acetate  of  Lead,"  &c.  &c, 
all  which  will  be  found  in  his  collected 
treatises  on  clinical  medicine. 

Independently  of  the  publication  of  his 
various  detached  papers  and  monographs, 
Dr.  Graves  lent  valuable  assistance  to  the 
establishment  of  a  periodical  medical  lite- 
rature in  Ireland.  In  the  year  1830,  the 
fifth  and  last  volume  of  the  "  Dublin  Hos- 
pital Reports"  was  committed  to  his  edi- 
torship by  Dr.  Cheyne.  Two  years  sub- 
sequently, the  Dublin  Journal  of  Medical 
and  Chemical  Science,  the  predecessor  of 
the  Dublin  Quarterly  Journal  of  Medi- 
cine, was  projected  and  established  by  Sir 
Robert  Kane,  then  a  student  of  medicine, 
and  a  pupil  at  the  Meath  Hospital.  After 
the  appearance  of  a  few  numbers,  Drs. 
Graves  and  Stokes  became  associated  in 
the  editorship  of  the  periodical,  and  Dr. 
Kane  having  been  soon  forced  to  resign 
his  connexion  with  it  by  his  increasing  de- 
votion to  chemical  inquiry,  it  continued  in 
the  same  hands  till  1849.  In  the  original 
and  review  department  of  this  journal.  Dr. 
Graves  was  a  large  and  constant  contri- 
butor. In  the  year  1843,  appeared  the 
first  edition  of  his  *'  Clinical  Lectures  on 
the  Practice  of  Medicine.'*  This  work, 
which  passed  through  a  second  edition, 
with  much  careful  revision,  and  the  addi- 
tion of  much  valuable  matter  under  the 
hands  of  Dr.  Neligan,  in  the  year  1848,  is 
well  known  to  every  clinical  school  in 
Europe. 

As  a  lecturer.  Dr.  Graves  was  distin- 
guished by  a  force  and  clearness  of  lan- 
guage, and  an  earnestness  of  manner, 
which  irresistibly  commanded  attention | 


1853.]     N.  C.  Scatcherdy  Esq.  F.S.A.—R.  B.  Sullivan,  Esq.    205 

Few  men  have  played  a  more  conspicuous 
part  in  the  history  of  Upper  Canada.  He 
entered  pnblic  life  as  a  member  of  Sir  F. 
Bond  Head's  cabinet,  after  the  resi^ation 
of  the  Baldwin-Ralph  adminstration.  His 
ability  marked  him  for  constant  service, 
and  he  occupied  a  seat  at  the  council  board 
under  Sir  George  Arthur,  Lord  Syden- 
ham, Sir  Charles  Bagot,  and  Sir  Charles 
Metcalfe.  He  became  Provincial  Secre* 
tary  when  Messrs.  Lafontaine  and  Baldwin 
assumed  office,  and  was  raised  to  the  Bench 
in  1848,  on  tiie  death  of  Justice  Hager- 
man.  In  early  life  a  Tory,  in  later  years 
a  Liberal,  Mr.  Sullivan  always  evinced  a 
very  high  order  of  talent  and  maintained 
a  spotless  reputation  for  integrity. 


wldle  his  fine  person  and  noble  features 
won  the  admiration  of  his  hearers.  His 
style  as  a  writer  was  at  once  simple  yet 
nenrous,  and  full  of  graphic  power ;  and 
his  delineations  of  disease  are  among  the 
most  taccessfal  of  modern  medical  com- 
poeitions.  He  was  a  strenuous  advocate 
of  the  doctrine  of  contagion,  and  vigo- 
roosly  opposed  the  views  advanced  with 
regard  to  the  non-contagious  nature  of 
cholera  during  its  last  outbreak.  He  was 
a  firm  supporter  of  the  dignity  and  honour 
of  his  profession,  and  during  many  years 
enjoyed  a  large  and  lucrative  practice. 
For  some  time  past  his  health  had  been 
only  indifferent,  from  attacks  of  atonic 
gout,  and  his  last  illness  was  attended  with 
considerable  suffering,  which  was  borne 
with  Christian  fortitude  and  complete  re- 
signation.— Abridged  from  Medical  Times 
and  Gasette. 


N.  C.  Scatchbud,  Esq.  F.S.A. 
Feb.  16.     At  Morley  bouse,  near  Leeds, 
aged  73,  Norrison  Cavendish  Scatcherd, 
esq.  barrister-at-law  and  F.S.A. 

lliis  gentleman  was  descended  from  a 
family  resident  at  Morley  for  several  gene- 
rations,  and  was  the  eldest  son  of  Watson 
Scatcherd,  esq.  a  very  successful  member 
of  the  Northern  bar,  and  during  the  latter 
part  of  his  life  a  West- Riding  magistrate 
and  chairman  of  sessions. 

The  gentleman  now  deceased  was  called 
to  the  bar  by  the  Hon.  Society  of  Gray's 
Inn  on  the  28th  Nov.  1806.  He  practised 
only  for  a  very  short  time,  and  then  be- 
took himself  entirely  to  literature  and  an- 
tiquities.    He  published — 

The  History  of  Morley  and  its  surround- 
ing VilUges.     1830.  8vo. 

Memoirs  of  the  celebrated  Eugene  Aram, 
who  was  executed  for  the  Murder  of  Da- 
niel Clark  in  1759 :  with  some  account  of 
his  Family,  and  other  particulars  collected 
for  the  most  part  above  thirty  years  ago. 
Two  editions. 

Gleanings  after  Eugene  Aram. 

A  Treatise  on  Bridge  Chapels  ;  includ- 
ing the  History  of  the  Chapel  upon  Wake- 
fidd  Bridge. 

Mr.  Scatcherd  was  also  formerly  a  con- 
tributor to  the  Gentleman's  Magazine. 

His  health  had  suffered  considerably 
during  the  latter  years  of  his  life,  which 
had  interfered  witii  his  literary  pursuits  ; 
but  he  had  the  gratification  to  be  elected  a 
Fellow  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  on 
the  16th  Jan.  1851. 


Robert  Baldwin  Sullivan,  Esq. 

April  14.  At  Toronto,  Upper  Canada, 
Robert  Baldwin  Sullivan,  esq.  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench  in  that  colony. 


Joseph  Cottle,  Esq. 

June  7.  At  his  residence,  Firfield-house, 
Knowle,  near  Bristol,  in  his  84th  year, 
Joseph  Cottle,  esq.  author  of  "  Recollec- 
tions of  S.  T.  Coleridge." 

Mr.  Cottle  was  in  early  life  a  bookseller 
in  Bristol ;  but  quitted  that  business  in 
the  autumn  of  1 798,  a  few  months  after 
publishing  the  Lyrical  Ballads  of  Cole- 
ridge. He  had  published  Coleridge's  first 
volume  of  Poems  in  April  1796 ;  and  re- 
ceived the  following  acknowledgement 
written  in  a  copy  of  the  book  : — 

Bristol,  April  15,  1798. 

Dear  Cottle, — On  the  blank  leaf  of 
my  Poems  I  can  most  appropriately  write 
my  acknowledgements  to  you  for  your  too 
disinterested  conduct  in  the  purchase  of 
them.  Indeed,  if  ever  they  should  ac- 
quire a  name  and  character,  it  might  be 
said  the  world  owed  them  to  you.  Had  it 
not  been  for  you,  none  perhaps  of  them 
would  have  been  published,  and  some  not 
written. 

Your  obliged  and  affectionate  friend, 

S.  T.  Colbhidgb. 

Mr.  Cottle  was  himself  the  author  of 
various  works  in  prose  and  verse.  One  of 
the  latter,  The  Fall  of  Cambria,  gave  oc- 
casion to  Lord  Byron  for  a  satirical  allu- 
sion, to  which  the  connexion  of  the  au- 
thor with  the  English  bards  of  the  Lake 
school  was  enough  to  expose  him. 

Bff^tian  Cottle,  rich  Bristowa's  boost, 
Imports  old  stories  iVom  the  Cambrian  coast. 

Mr.  Cottle  bad  an  elder  brother,  Amos, 
who  is  also  immortalised  by  Byron  in 
another  line — 

0  Amos  Cottle,  Phoebus  I  vhat  a  name  ! 

Byron  affected  to  be  ignorant  which  of 
the  two  Cottles  wrote  the  Fall  of  Cambria, 
though  the  name  of  Joseph  is  on  its  title- 
page.  Amos  was  a  classical  scholar  and  a 
man  of  taste.     He  died  in  the  year  1800. 


fgoe 


Mami.  C.  L.  Rollin^^Signor  B. 


[A-ir. 


Mo»ft,  C\  L.  RoLLis*. 

April  10.  At  P^uif,  aged  76,  Mom. 
Cb«f-k*  Ixrtia  Roilin,  ma  eninent  Namis- 
aMtJ»c. 

M.  RollJo  WM  born  «t  Verttiilet  in 
1777  ;  ftod  in  emrlj  life  nir  fome  roiiiUrjr 
ienrice  in  lUlj  and  Germany.  In  1800 
ht  TtUbluilied  biiDieif  ftf  a  money -chani^er 
in  the  Falatg  Royal  at  Paris,  where  be 
cootinaed  that  bohineifs  until  the  year 
18.'54.  From  the  latter  date  he  devoted 
kinMrlf  entirely  to  dealing  in  coins,  medala, 
and  antique*.  Him  collections  were  asu- 
duoukly  vihiied  by  the  most  eminent  nn- 
mlsniatistit  and  archieologists  in  Europe — 
very  frequently  by  the  Due  de  Blacas,  the 
fiuc  de  Luynes,  the  Baron  Vincent,  MM. 
Du|>r/',  DuraiiU,  the  celebrated  Mionnet, 
Hennin,  Millingen,  Hauteroche,  Tochon, 
K^vil,  and  many  other  gentlemen  well 
skilled  ill  art,  who  always  placed  unlimited 
confidence  in  him.  His  conversation  was 
always  as  agreeable  as  it  was  replete  with 
sound  information.  Altogether,  his  pro- 
fessional reputation  was  perhaps  more  ex- 
tensive than  that  of  any  other  of  his  col- 
leagues for  the  last  balf-centory.  He  had 
tao  sons,  one  of  whom,  M.  Camille  Rol- 
liii,  has  been  for  many  years  his  partner, 
and  has  now  succeeded  to  his  business. 

M.  llollin,  though  not  the  author  of 
any  separate  work,  contributed  a  few  valu- 
able papers  to  periodicals.  One  of  these, 
published  in  the  Revue  Numismatique  in 
1841,  is  an  elaborate  view  of  the  unpub- 
lished (jold  Coins  of  the  Emperors  of 
Niciea  during  the  occupation  of  Constan- 
tinople by  the  Crusaders  from  1204  to 
1261. 

A  Collection  of  Greek  Coins,  forming 
the  Private  Cabinet  of  Mons.  Rolliu,  to- 
gether with  some  of  his  rare  Quinarii  and 
Aurei,  and  liis  very  complete  collection  of 
medals  and  jettons  relating  to  the  French 
Revolution,  and  to  the  history  of  Napo- 
leon Bonaparte,  hns  been  sold  in  London 
by  Messrs.  Sotheby  and  Wilkinson,  on 
the  12th  of  July  and  four  following  days. 
To  the  prc/ace  of  the  catalogue,  compiled 
by  Mr.  Joseph  Curt,  we  are  indebted  for 
th«*  foregoing  particulars. 

A  previous  sale  ot*  coins  belonging  to 
the  MeMirs.  Rollin  took  place  in  London 
in  the  summer  of  1H4I). 


SioNOR  B.  Sanuiovanni. 

April  \',\.  At  his  residence  in  Brighton, 
agrd7>.  Sigiior  Benedetto  Sangiovanni. 

This  self  taught  artist  was  a  native  of 
l«anrino,  in  the  kingdom  of  Naples,  and 
at  an  early  nar  lost  his  father,  who  was  a 
nhysician.  Allien  nineteen  years  of  age. 
Mi  lioiise  was  attacked  by  brigands ;  many 
tf  kla  Arivnds  mtrr  killed,  his  property 
and  h«  hlmstlf  est^aped  with  con- 


tiderable  dificnlty ;  sad  il  i 
this  early  violeaee  lakl  the  gronnd-vark 
for  the  war  of  exteminatioo  vluck  San- 
giovanni determinedly  carried  oat  againat 
the  brigands.  Sd  long  afterwards  ha  waa 
treacherously  stabbed  in  the  back,  tha 
weapon  entering  his  right  long:  this  vooid 
oonined  him  to  bed  Ibr  many  montha. 
When  Marat  became  Kiag  of  Naplea, 
Sangiovanni  entered  the  army,  and  in  Jan. 
1809,  at  the  age  of  twenty-eight,  be  waa 
appointed  Captain  of  the  Compaay  of 
Laurino,  in  the  first  battalion  of  the  pro- 
vincial legion  of  Cintra.  While  command- 
ing the  military  post  of  Alicoaa,  in  April, 
IBIS,  he  sacceaafiilly  resisted  two  attacka 
from  English  cmisers,  and  in  conseqaeaea 
received  the  appointment  of  Captain  Com- 
mandant of  the  chosen  companies  of  tha 
district  of  Sala.  In  1819  he  had  gamad 
so  much  the  respect  and  esteem  of  thoaa 
in  power,  that  he  was  deemed  worthy  of 
knighthood,  and  became  a  member  of  the 
Order  of  St.  George. 

At  this  point,  &e  snccestftil  career  of 
Sangiovanni  began  to  decline ;  and  the  ra- 
mainder  of  his  life  presents  a  bard  straggle 
against  persecution  and  misfortune.  From 
dislike  to  the  government  of  the  Bonrboai 
he  engaged  in  completing  the  details  of  a 
formidable  revolt  among  the  CalloneMobili 
which  he  commanded.  This  conspiracy 
being  betrayed  to  the  government,  San- 
giovanni was  deprived  of  his  honours,  his 
pension  as  knight,  and  a  large  price  waa 
set  upon  his  bead.  His  haunts  were  well 
known  to  the  peasants  of  the  district;  bat, 
though  to  them  the  sum  offered  constitated 
a  fortune,  not  one  was  found  to  betray  tha 
brave  commander  whom  they  all  admired. 
For  nearly  three  years  he  remained  in  con- 
cealment, during  which  time  he  suffered 
the  extremes  of  privation  and  anxiety, 
menaced  frequently  by  the  horrors  of 
starvation,  and  enduring  sufferings  under 
which  any  less  energetic  man  most  have 
succumbed.  Eventually  he  succeeded  in 
escaping,  and  arrived  in  London,  where 
he  found  himself  without  money,  without 
sn  occupation,  not  knowing  a  word  of 
English,  and  too  proud  to  apply  for  the 
pittance  which  benevolence  had  collected 
for  the  relief  of  the  numerous  refngeea 
whom  political  storms  had  thrown  on  our 
coast.  It  was  then  that  necessity  indaced 
him  to  put  in  practice  an  art  which  may 
be  said  to  have  lain  dormant  from  his 
youthful  years.  He  produced  to  the  public 
some  spirited  groups  having  reference  to 
his  association  with  the  brigands,  and 
adopted  the  line  in  which  he  afterwards 
excelled,  that  of  the  delineations  of  ani- 
mals, making  a  place  for  himself  in  this 
style  of  sculpture,  the  vacancy  in  which  it 
will  be  difficult  to  liU.     In  1832,  Sangia* 


1853.] 


Clergy  Deceoied. 


207 


Tsniii  took  op  his  reddence  in  Paris,  where 
ke  Kred  quietly  and  modestly  in  the  Rue 
de  la  MaoeUiDe,  making  a  living  by  his 
taleat  at  a  statuary.  He  had  not  remained 
Ikere  many  mouths  when  the  French  go- 
Temment  was  induced,  on  calumnious  mis- 
representations, to  forward  bim  a  passport, 
hf  whidi  he  was  commanded  to  quit  Paris 
in  48  hoars,  and  the  territory  or  France 
In  20  days,  leaving  by  way  of  Marseilles. 
in  Tain  he  requested  an  extension  of  time, 
nrging  the  impossibility  of  sellinghis  models 
at  to  short  a  notice,  even  at  a  great  sacri- 
ftee.     The  only  relaxation  which  be  ob- 
teined  was  permission  to  leave  France  by 
Boulogne,  and  he  again  obtained  a  safe 
l«fvige  in  England.     Some  time  after  this 
he  visited  Florida,  where  he  was  kindly  re- 
eehred  by  AchiUe  Murat,  who  was  esta- 
bUahed  there,  and  who  was  very  desirous 
that  he  should  stay ;  he,  however,  soon 
returned  to  England,  and  laboured  inces- 
santly at  the  art  which  became  his  sole 
support  and  dependence.    He  worked  with 
great  rapidity,  and  produced  many  models 
of  a  very  superior  order.     About  five  years 
ago  he  had  the  misfortune  of  being  run 
o^er  by  a  carriage  ;  his  thigh  was  broken, 
and,  as  the  bone  never  united,  he  was  quite 
incapacitated  from  travelling.     Soon  after 
this  he  quitted  London  and  settled  perma- 
nently at  Brighton.     Some  time  ago  the 
ban  of  exile  had  been  removed,  and  he 
would  probably  have  returned  to  his  native 
country  to  end  his  days  in  peace,  but  for 
the  infirmities  which  chained  him  to  a  spot. 
— Art-Journal, 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 

/m.  i7.  At  Auckland,  New  Zealand,  the  Rer- 
Frederick  ChurUm,  LL.B.  Downing  ball, 
Caaabridge,  Colonial  Chaplain,  and  Minister  of  St. 
Panl't,  Auckland.  lie  waA  formerly  Perp.  Curate 
ofThreapwood,  Flint»hire,  to  which  he  was  col- 
lated hy  the  Bishop  of  Chester  in  1831,  and  Even- 
li^  Lecturer  of  Wrexltam  (1837). 

Aprillii.  At  Bedminstcr,  Somerset,  aged  24, 
the  Bev.  Fabkm  Corey  OnuUtone,  of  Gateshead, 
Durham. 

LoM^.  The  Rev.  WiUiam  James  Beunettt  Perp. 
Curate  of  Hark,  Somensct  (1846).  He  waH  of  St. 
Idmond  hall,  Oxford,  B.A.  1840. 

The  Rev.  WiUiam  Cotetwd,  M.A.  Perp.  Curate  of 
Westoe,  Darham  (1830). 

The  Rev.  Baiph  Errington,  Vicar  of  Mitford 
ma)  and  Perp.  Curate  of  Widdrington  (1828), 
jfforttanmberland. 

May  7.  At  Perry-hill  Uoa«e,  Sydeniiam,  aged 
fit,  the  Rev.  Frederick  WUUam  MiiUr,  of  Cktrpus 
Cbristi  college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1811,  M.A.  1815. 

M4iy  10.  At  the  vicHrage,  Neston,  Cheshire, 
i^^ed  56,  the  Rev.  Robert  I'arker,  M.A.  He  was 
appointed  a  Minor  Canon  of  Cheater  in  1827,  and 
collated  by  the  Bishop  to  the  perpetual  curacy  of 
SL  Olave's  in  that  city  in  the  same  year ;  which  he 
relinquished  for  the  vicarage  of  Neston,  in  the 
patronage  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter,  in  1847. 

Ma^M.  At  Washington,  U.S.  aged  46,  the 
Rev.  Jamet  FUteher  We$t,  of  Brasenose  college, 
Oxford,  B.A.  1829,  M.A.  1831. 


May  15.  At  Fordington,  Dorset,  aged  75,  the 
Rev.  Daniel  CampbeQ^  Rector  of  Crowcomba.  So* 
mezset  (1827). 

May  18.  At  Bishop's  Barton,  near  Bevertar, 
in  his  62d  year,  the  Rev.  William  Procter,  B.C.L. 
Vicar  of  that  parish.  He  was  formerly  Fellow  of 
Otharine  hall,  (Cambridge,  where  he  n'tadnatod 
B.A.  1813,  M.A.  1816.  He  was  presented  by  the 
Duke  of  Northumberland  in  1834  to  the  Perp. 
Curacy  of  Doddington,  in  Northumberland,  and 
in  1841  to  the  vicarage  of  Bishop's  Burton,  by  thS 
Dean  and  Chapter  of  York. 

May  23.  At  Oxford  (at  the  residence  of  his  lats 
brother  William  Cleoborey,  esq.,  see  March,  p. 
334),  the  Rev.  John  Cleobttrey,  Perp.  Curate  of  Pla- 
dington,  Oxfordshire,  to  which  benefice  lie  was 
elected  by  the  parishioners  in  1822.  He  was  of 
Brasenoiie  college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1813,  M.A.  1816. 

May  25.  At  Middlcton  Cheney,  Northampton- 
shire, the  Rev.  Samuel  Haii,  Rector  of  that  parish, 
and  Rural  Dean  of  Brack  ley :  and  formerly  Chap- 
lain to  the  Duke  of  Clarence.  He  was  of  Brasenon 
college.  Oxford,  B.A.  1810,  M.A.  1812,  B.D.  1890, 
and  became  Vice-President  of  that  society,  ky 
which  he  was  presented  to  the  rectory  of  Middle- 
ton  Cheney  in  1831. 

At  Godmanstone,  Dorset,  aged  80,  the  Rot. 
Matthev  Vicars,  Rector  of  that  parish,  and  Pttrp. 
Curate  of  Nether  Ceme  (1843). 

In  consequence  of  a  &I1  from  his  gig,  the  Ror 
William  Corbett  Wilson,  Vicar  of  Bozeat  with 
Strixton,  Northamptonshire  (1825).  He  was  of 
Trinity  college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1818,  UJk.. 
1824. 

May  26.  At  Barbados,  West  Indies,  whither  ko 
went  for  the  benoflt  of  his  health,  aged  67,  the 
Venerable  James  Lugar,  M.A.  Archdeacon  of 
Demerara,  where  he  had  been  a  resident  ihirtr 
J  ears.  He  was  brother  of  Messrs.  R.  and  J. 
Lugar,  of  Ardleigh,  Essex  ;  was  of  Sidney  Susses 
college,  Cambri<C^,  B.A.  1822. 

At  Southampton,  aged  64,  the  Rev.  F.  Vintmt, 
for  nearly  29  years  minister  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  French  Church  in  that  town. 

May  31 .  Aged  70,  the  Rev.  Totcnshend  Sehryn, 
(3anon  of  Gloucester,  Rector  of  Kilmington,  and 
V^icar  of  Milton  (Jlevedon,  Somerset.  He  was  of 
Christchurch,  Oxford,  B.A.  1804,  M.A.  1806 ;  was 
presented  to  Milton  Clevedon  in  181 1,  by  the  Earl 
of  Dchester,  and  to  Kilmington  in  1837,  by  the 
same  patron. 

June  2.  At  Tillington,  near  Petworth,  the  Rot. 
WilHam  AyHng,  Rector  of  Barlavlngton,  Sussex, 
(1832).  He  was  of  University  college,  Oxford, 
B.A.  1815,  M.A.  1817. 

June  3.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  37,  the  Rev. 
William  Avbcry  PMp,  late  Vicar  of  StanwoU, 
Middlesex.  He  was  of  Trinity  college,  Oxford, 
B.A.  1787,  M.A.  1799,  and  was  presented  to  Stan- 
well  in  1792  by  the  Lord  Chancellor. 

June  6.  In  Dublin,  aged  34,  the  Rev.  A.M. 
Manning;,  late  Curate  of  Burton,  Sysonby  and 
Welby,  Leic.  and  of  the  Hamlets,  Melton  Mowbraj. 

Aged  62,  the  liev.  Edward  Ramsden, of  Jumplos 
House,  near  Halifax,  Incumbent  of  St.  John's, 
Bradshaw  (1839),  Yorkshh^.  He  was  of  St.  John's 
college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1817,  M.A.  1820. 

June  7.  At  Bamet,  Herts,  at  an  advanced  ago, 
the  Rev.  Birkett  Dawson,  many  years  Curate  of 
Sunderland. 

At  Bath,  aged  43,  the  Rev.  Edward  ToUenham^ 
B.D.  Canon  of  Wells,  and  Perp.  Curate  of  Laura 
Chapel,  Bath.  He  was  a  native  of  the  south  of 
Ireland,  and  a  scholar  of  Trinity  college,  Dablia. 
He  became  the  minister  of  Laura  chapel  in  1840, 
and  was  nominated  to  a  prebend  of  WelU  in  1841. 
He  was  a  very  eloquent  preacher  and  a  zeakms 
Protestant,  and  was  the  senior  honorary  secretary 
to  the  imited  Societies  for  the  Promotion  of  Scrip- 
tural Education  in  Ireland.  IUh  body  was  in- 
terred at  the  Abbey  cemetery,  Lyncombe. 

June  8.  At  Christ's  Hospital  (of  scarlet  fisTor), 
aged  35,  the  Rev.  John  CoUimg^Pood,  one  of  tho 


208 


Clergy  Deceased. 


[Aug. 


CSMrfcal  Muien.    He  wm  oC  Pembroke  coUcfe, 
OKford,  BJL  IM2,  X.A.  1M4. 

Tbe  Rer.  Tbirfor  fTWr,  Vicar  of  Nortoo  Cock- 
iMj,  Sfocu.  (1S43).  He  WM  oTEimnaniiel  c<rf]ege, 
CMBfaridge.  B JL  18»,  MJL  IMl. 

At  WelUngton,  SomeraeC,  aged  76,  tbe  Rer. 
JiUm  Ptim(;,  of  Sianhntok.  Honae,  BriatoL  Hewaa 
of  MagdaleDe  hafl,  Oxford,  B.A.  1801. 

/muO.  AtSoathMa,aged89,tlieBeT.  A'awici 
FraneU  Semrndfri^  of  Merton  coUege,  Oxford,  B Ji. 
17M.  M.A.  I7»9. 

/mw  10.  At  Backet  hall,  Boacrea,  tbe  Ber. 
Freierkk  Bridge,  Cnrate  of  St.  Geon^'c,  Dublin. 

/•MM  II.  At  hifl  oflldal  restdence,  tbe  Rer. 
Jame$  Dunme^  far  twentj^fovir  rears  Chaplain  of 
the  Bojal  Naral  Hospital,  Hadar.  and  formerlj 
Chcplaiii  of  tbe  flag-Ahip  of  HAM.  tbe  Duke  of 
CfaBVDce.  He  waa  oit  Woroeater  college,  Ozfbrd, 
BJL  1M3,  UJl.  1M9. 

At  HUUngton.  Norfolk,  aged  75.  tbe  Rev.  Robert 
Bakt,  Rector  of  HUUngton  (1833)  and  Vicar  of 
Hanabr  (18a5).  Norfolk,  and  Itoctor  of  Heminga- 
wdl  (1915),  Suffolk.  He  waa  of  St.  Jobn's  college, 
Gmbridge,  B.A.  1801,  M.A.  1804. 

At  Little  Bookbam.  Surrey,  aged  53,  tbe  Hon. 
and  Ber.  Arthw  Phi&p  Perciwu,  Rector  of  £aat 
Border  in  tbat  connt7,and  brotber  to  tbe  preaent 
farlofEgmont.  He  was  tbe  flftb  ton  of  Cbarlet- 
a«orge  second  Lonl  Arden.  by  Ifargaretta-Eli- 
cabeth.  eldeat  dangbter  of  Sir  Thomas  Spencer 
Wflaon,  Bart.  He  was  of  All  Souls*  college,  Ox- 
ford, B.A.  1830.  B.C.L.  1834  ;  and  was  coUated  to 
the  rectory  of  East  Horsley  by  Archbiabop  Man- 
nara-Sntton  in  1834.  He  was  formerly  one  of 
Bar  imeafjr's  ChapUins,  and  resigned  tbat  ap- 
pointment in  1850.  He  married  in  1835  Char- 
lotte-Anne, eldest  daui^ter  of  tbe  late  Hon.  and 
Bar.  Augustus  George  Legge,  Chancellor  of 
Wincbeater  and  Rector  of  Wonston  and  North 
Waltbam,  Hants,  (uncle  to  the  present  Earl  of 
DartmouUi),  and  by  that  lady,  who  sunives  him, 
he  had  a  numerous  fomily.  It  appeared  at  a  0>- 
roner's  inquest  that  the  deceased  had  for  some 
time  laboured  under  strange  delusions,  and  had 
taken  a  large  quantity  of  laudanum,  which  caused 
bla  death.    Verdict,  **  Temporary  iuMnity." 

/mm  14.  At  Sopworth  House,  Wiltn,  aged  88, 
the  Rer.  Robert  Trotman  Coaies,  Rector  of  that 
place  and  of  Steeple  Langford.  and  Chaplain  to 
the  Duke  of  Beaufort.  He  was  formerly  Fellow  of 
Corpus  Christl  college.  Oxford,  B.A.  1785,  U.A. 
1789,  B.D.  1798;  he  was  presented  to  Steeple 
Langford  by  that  society  in  1803.  and  to  Sopworth 
in  1809  by  tbe  Duke  of  Beaufort. 

Jtme  16.  At  Burleydam.  near  (Jombermere 
Abbey,  the  Rer.  WtHiam  Cotton,  LL.D.  brother  to 
Lord  Viscount  (Tomberroere.  He  was  the  second 
son  of  Sir  Robert  SalUAbnry  Cotton,  Dart,  by 
Frances,  youngest  dau.  and  coheir  of  James  Rus- 
sell Stapleton,  enq. ;  and  wax  of  Trinity  liall,  (Cam- 
bridge, LL.B.  1801.    He  wan  unmarried. 

Jme  17.  At  Weston  suiier  Marc,  aged  G9,  the 
Rer.  John  Fope  Cor,  Rector  of  St.  Er^an.  (jom- 
wall  (1851).  He  was  of  Magdalene  hall,  Oxford, 
B.A.  1831. 

At  Somerton,  Suffolk,  in  hb  88th  year,  the  Rev. 
John  Jiaddf,  D.D.  ChapUin  in  Ordinary  to  Her 
Majesty,  (^on  of  Ely,  and  Rector  of  Somerton, 
Stansfleld,  Hartest.  and  ISoxted,  four  adjoining 
parishes.  Few  men  have  been  more  xnccessftil 
In  their  career  tlian  the  deceased.  After  having 
received  his  education  at  Jesun'  college,  Oxford, 
(where  he  graduated  B.A.  1788,  M.A.  1791,  B. 
and  D.D.  IHi3),  he  accompanied  (we  believe)  a 
near  relative  from  Herefordshire  to  London  to 
seek  their  fortunes.  At  flrst  he  wa«  Car  out- 
stripped by  hiN  companion,  who  in  a  few  years 
amassed  in  trade  a  sum  of  40,000/.,  whiUrt  Mr. 
Maddy**  whole  subsistence  for  a  while  was  a 
curacy  at  half  a  guinea  a  week.  In  course  of 
time,  however,  he  became  much  patronised  by  the 
nobUitr  and  gentry  of  tbe  metropolb,  who  en- 
tmsted  him  with  the  education  of  their  ions  at 
13 


their  own  booaes;  and  this  emplomeot  became 
so  tnerative  tbat  be  baa  been  beard  wtthin  a  few 
yean  to  say  tbat  be  earned  by  It  eigbly  poonda  a 
week,  and  tbat  be  got  more  by  bis  teadiing  than 
(with  an  bia  preferment)  he  ever  did  by  bis  preneh- 
ing.  One  of  his  papUa  was  tbe  late  Marqoeaa  of 
Downsbire,  to  whom  belonged  tbe  advowaon  at 
Somerton,  and  to  this  noMe  Lord  and  others 
of  bis  friends  in  early  life  be  owed  tbe  appoint- 
ments  which  be  heU.  He  waa  instituted  to  SoiMr- 
ton  in  1799,  to  Harteat  with  Bozted  (in  tbe  gift  of 
the  Oown)  fai  1819.  and  to  StansfteM  (in  tbe  gift 
of  the  Lord  Chancellor)  in  1890.  He  waa  admittri 
<hI  emmdem  gradum  at  Cambridge  Dec  10, 1836. 
His  first  wife,  to  whom  he  waa  united  whilst  yet  a 
cnrate,  and  with  whom  he  bad  to  practiae  tbe 
strictest  economy,  waa  deaooided  from  Hyde  Earl 
of  Clarendon.  By  her  he  had  several  children,  of 
whom  two  daughters  only  survire.  Tbe  yonnger 
of  them  Is  married  to  the  Hon.  Mr.  Upton,  nephew 
to  the  late  Marchloneas  of  Bristol,  by  whom  sbe 
bad  a  son,  bom  so  recently  aa  April  last.  Dr. 
Maddy  married  a  second  tmie  in  the  year  1831. 
It  la  a  remarkaUe  circumstanee  that  tbe  duration 
of  the  two  last  incumbencies  of  Somerton  amounts 
to  exactly  a  century,  tbat  of  the  Rev.  Arthur 
Oibam  having  lasted  forty-six,  and  that  of  Dr. 
Maddy  flfty-four  years. 

Jtme  18.  At  BarweU,  Lete.  aged  85,  the  Rer. 
Otorge  MeUam,  Rector  of  that  parish,  and  Vicar 
of  Arnesby.  He  was  of  Merton  coll^,  Oxford, 
B.A.  1790,  UJi.  1793.  He  waa  faistituted  to  Bar- 
widl,  which  was  in  his  own  patronage,  and  worth 
nearly  1,000/.  per  annum,  in  1803 ;  and  loeaented 
to  Arnesby  in  1830. 

June  19.  At  Holt,  Norfolk,  aged  53,  tbe  Rer. 
Hmmfreff  Jaduon,  Rector  and  Rural  Dean  of  Holt. 
He  was  formerly  Fellow  of  St.  John*s  ccdlege, 
Cambridge,  where  he  graduated  B.A.  1883,  MJL 
18i6,  B.D.  1833,  and  was  presented  to  hia  living  by 
that  society  in  1837.  Mr.  Jackson  committed 
suicide. 

At  Oxford,  the  Rev.  John  Motor,  Rector  of 
Hadleigh.  Essex.  He  was  a  son  of  the  well-known 
Wm.  F.  Mavor,  LL.D.  Rector  of  Woodstocic,  and 
author  of  the  (Spelling  Book,  and  many  educa- 
tional works ;  and  was  formerly  of  Lincoln  college, 
Oxford,  by  which  society,  having  graduated  BJk. 
1806,  M.A.  1808,  B.D.  1816,  he  was  in  1835  pi«. 
sented  to  the  perpetual  curacy  of  Forest  Hill,  in 
Oxfordshire,  and  in  1835  to  the  Rectory  of  Had- 
leigh, in  Essex.  He  died  in  his  cell  on  the  debtor 
side  of  the  Oxford  county  gaol.  An  inquest  waa 
held  on  the  body,  when  it  appeared  that  deceaaed 
had  been  confined  in  this  gaol  for  debt  for  upwards 
of  nine  years ;  ttut  he  refused  to  receive  the  gaol 
allowance  of  food,  and  subsijtted  entirely  on  tlM 
bounty  of  his  friends,  whoae  subscriptions  were 
doled  out  to  him  to  procure  what  was  necessary. 
He  had  for  a  long  time  laboured  under  iUneas,  bat 
invariably  refused  to  see  tbe  medical  attendant  at 
the  gaol,  and  has  occasionally  refused  to  touch  any 
food  for  two  or  three  days  together.  His  living  In 
Essex,  worth  about  450/.  per  annum,  was  sequea- 
tered  about  about  ten  years  ago  to  pay  his  debts, 
and  had  he  lived  until  October  next  it  would  have 
been  cleared  and  restored  to  him. 

In  London,  the  Rev.  WiOiam  Dixton  Rangekp, 
Rector  of  Orimstone,  Norfolk.  He  was  formerly 
Fellow  and  tutor  of  Queen's  colln^,  Cambridaw, 
where  he  graduated  B.A.  1830,  M.A.  1883,  b1>. 
1846 ;  and  he  was  presented  to  his  living  by  that 
society  in  the  last  named  year. 

June  31.  At  Forton,  Staff,  the  Rev.  John  Fentom 
Fletcher- Ikrttgheti,  Rector  of  that  place.  He  waa 
the  second  ran  of  the  late  Sir  John  Fenton 
Boughey,  Bart,  of  AquaUte,  in  the  same  coun^, 
by  Henrietu- Dorothy,  eldest  daughter  of  Sir  John 
Chetwode.  of  Oakley,  co.  Stafford.  Bart.  He  waa 
of  C*hrist  church.  Oxford.  B.A.  1833.  M.A.  1836, 
and  was  presented  to  his  living  by  his  brother  tbe 
present  Baronet. 


I8S3.] 


nt.tO.  Al  HslbDorne,  _ 
IkoBiM  WtubeiiU,  eldcu  Mn 
—• *-^l,  nq.  ef  ButT  " 


W  Crown  in  tli 
«t  Tinin 


of  quKti'a  BflCFh 


HuTlKra'.  aged  38.  J 

—"--Umrr  rf  Crown  I* 

Df  MuliCrmtet  tar 

mlb  Wda,  dden 


TOjrBl.f., 

idaBnr,N«*Sanlb  ' 

BUhrO,  morehuit.  «  usur. 

~      SobUi  WiIm,  Otorgo  BonWur. 

>   —   ..  .v.  [,,„  Cj^ 

pTftiddiel  ^,' 

.Ijwy.l - 

»l  Ihe  Ills  Jethr 

'■*!- 

M  Annigb,  tn  !il>  ;4th  yai,  Cujil. 

U  MoIUinrDe,  N.a.W.  •««1  17,  Ed- 

Bn.  Br.  Bum,  R«lor  Iri  WMts  Rooltilng.  Lhu, 
IMrAM.    AlDDiu)»w,[iiSiiniuh.<if  vddiuIb 

MMlnd  In  icVaa  on  the  19Ui,  Cipt.  William 

ftMT  GDCkboni,  Hlh  (Bonl  Irtnta)  Bart. 
l^df.    AI   CilcDtU.-of  OuKcn,  Jlr.   F.   J, 

nUm,  ■DperlnKndcBt  of  t>w  alKtric  tsltgrapti, 


Jft^O.  AiaoDnnl.Bannl.igedM.Hcnrlel 
DaHor.wUe  of  GeDTgii  Sthlcj,  (aq. 

4fril  It.  Ib  TaTlRacJL-«i|iiiR.  of  ilronsr  In 
cteik  ipA  U,  Jolia  CnuiagB,  uq.  Hswaa 
mi  n  Tdoiou  Gnnags,  Hq.  fi3rrae''lj'OIHuDg 
*   "     ■     '   — ■ •- —    —4  at  Sortbi    ' 


Heat.  lOtfa  Hnuan. 

Al  Polm  de  Gain 

JlliBoflihiTNiitlvol 

Cipl.  Robert  Cnlti  BJirtDn,  R.N.  ot  Bo'nmgh.  a 

Jfar'i.  Al  CudT.  Cerlon,  Fnncl<  Uubbia 
Dduco.  oq.  Lleot.  H.M.  STUi  Bflfft.  jonnont  bh 
otWm.  Hgnry  Donee,  oq,  of  Broi^loD-Mlddli. 

A(  DoiplDlca,  it  (ba  hooH  of  Jolm  Pilnwr,  oq 
Colsnlal  Tirmnr.  hl>  tlitar.  lUry  Asm  PhIiiw, 

May  , .  Heu  New  Toit.  CbulolM.  vldor  ot 
J4mai  GurdiuT,  wi.  out  of  tlie  oMut  Wdih  nri- 
dpntikof  that  dtr.ii  lady  modi  esteemed  fof  hv 
general  urbanitr  and  iilulaiiUiroiir-  Sba  ma  Uib 
■diiBT  of  Eha  gaUant  Ur  Thomai  Flctan.  and  nu 
bom  a[  PoMini  nnu  PlcloD  Caitle.  She  taaa  left 
alonJobn  Ptcton  Beale.late  Jifelor  In  U.M.  Ilit 
)leet..aBda  graadaon.TIUHiui  FlMoo,  t^dllo^  «( 
tbe  New  York  Sadiera. 

Hof  13.   A~  KnmctiR,  Sclndt,  need  19,  Uesl. 

Kdwardfl,  esq.  callector  H.1J.  CoBtonu,  Dublin. 

ifiijilT.  In  Dominica.  Karri  and.  en  UieSOUi, 
Aplifa-MaHa,  onli  daot,  o[  John  I'alaier,  em.  Co- 
lonial Tnaiurar. 

Jfity  1».  At  Grenada,  W.  1.,  Cfeorge  Innei,  esq. 
Carl.  R.  Arl.  >on  cf  Ihe  lale  Colenel  Innei. 

Man  SO.  Al  Wragliy,  Line,  ised  60,  iMbella, 
rcUnof  John  Dethlck  Cromineirn.  Capt.  Btngil 

Jlav%6.'  At  Dublin,  wmuuu  Edwud  Aiblni', 


At  PoR-au.?ilnce,  UikjU.  William- 

I  Aflent  for  Trantportt  at  DepLIVird. 
t  Qiieflnitown,  aged  H9,  John  Therry, 
mmlBloner  and  Chalnnao  ot  the 


Il.N.  KeUde 
e<q.  Uto  C 


'  ^  *' 


Keclor  of  Radwlntei. 

,     .  ,  "  «,  B.P,  DeaUiu, 
iwi.  SlairAHlnantSDrEeonorheillileitr'inHeei, 

■"-  '—  ■"   Deakini,  eaq.  of  BDCkin(ll*m 

,  and  GDUln  of  E.  DeaUna,  eiq. 


DiaOCln: 

■       ImMt-v, 

acUldrtn. 
■fill  n     Al  uonattuck,  Oeniwau,  aged  la, 
Ohr  Bntfr  Ban*,  BJf.  late  of  H.H.S.  Alarm, 
■on  ettb*  late  Comm.  Wm.  Boxer,  tt.N. 

Al  tkuaar*.  aced  n,  Ueot.  Gut  Colin  Cimp- 
btH,  of  S.t.  lUpBitteni,  ton  of  Ihs  late  Sir  Quf 
Oarapbell. 

ArrilX.  At  the  Uanritina,  Auguitni  Carter, 
•■1.  am  <if  Eilwsrd  John  Carter,  cwi.  ol  Uieakelon 
BaD.  YorkMUre, 

Gbht.  Mao.  Vol..  XL. 


erectkHiefaeminlrr 


partnenhip 

penw ha wai IncoTTlng fn  ... 
realdencc.   Verdict,  Innnltr. 


T.Coffln.wq.  rafgeon.Uli  __  _ 

At  LerloniEona.  iced  U,  Jetan  RoUo  Johc 
eeq.  late  of  the  Md  Highland  Regiment, 
jxnuigen  •orrlTloe  ion  of  Jama  Johneton 
of  Kiacardlne  CaiUa,  Perthiklre. 

JUHl.  jl8edW,llar7,raUctDfWin.  Ho 
MJJ.  nusson  of  Ibe  Uth  Light  Dragooui. 


SE 


At  ihs  VlcanfR.  OoihlU.  ea.  Unc.  tfta  tin.  wu  raqnlnid  to  reltn  In  coiuHiiieni 
IU17,  rcUcl  o(  C*pl.  UHlevoud,  of  CUulerlilU  ubttrur  and  ecMDMc  dcnaiuiniiliHL 
UmiH.  Dsar  Hnildaniuld.  onlv  du.  ol  ths  Ute  rttf,  S»  hh  aUed  U  the  ter  Nor.  m 
Rct.  BoberlHodwn.MA.  Beeiorrt  "     -     " -— ^_  ~_j. 


Agid  60,  Hrt.  (Wtlinine  BtdurdAOn,  ynprte- 


tho  lati  K«i.  TtagBuw  ^ 


I'.K 


1   VantT- 


[Dime,  NotUi  Def  an. « 

_... .   _.,«ndfi^lorof  ^ 

1  or      TeomiiniT  CinliT.    BemutlMlii  UK,  LntUa. 


ik^VHinin,  irtA  of  Ji^a  11 

t  SlnllDii,  Conimn.  agnl  Tl 


HdIo,  uq.  Of  Ebliarl)'  Booh.  » 
wvBb  jurnagniil. 

At  St.  Hut  Cbnrcb.  onr  Torqiuy.  fa 
HUiWuil. 

JWull,     AIDlWllTiUs.M.  WcitEPlMUl.A 

Um  DlekcnKfl,  uq. 

At  Qoandan  Bill,  Eaus,  Ui*  MU  of  h«  u 
'■mil)'.  leedHI.Kii.  Anu  Cruunar. 


Jww,  nllel  cifTIi  ... 

At  Vtonni,  Count  Fr»nci»  Sliflim,  of  •  ]!«»-  ,    _  .        ...       _ 

l]rH(ia)IMaon.1if«mMiinliTtbeuHiilTeuii[(t]'  dm.  of  Uie  Uie  HsIk-Oeii.  Fikui,  Bansil  Acmj. 
Ui<aa«»  whkh  u  Hlnlinr  Df  theHoaie  Do-  OfFonimnptloo.llr.Pnmllriigv.vbovrotcM 
ptrtDMnt  ba  Dolsmnt  In  Ow  JTBU  l''**.  "  Tb*  Spirit  at  Uis  Tort,"  In  the  Son  nevnaMr. 

Aw  ID,    Atstadiinn,  tma  71,  Smh-EHu.         on  boufl  itae  Bunckpon.  *f*l  W.  wuniai 
batb.vM  o(  B.IiKf.Mi],  irfWvtSiiilIbBeld.  Wilknr  Hnp.  uq.  law  of  tb*  Suck  Euliuc*. 

At  Halm,  %nd  it,  Edmrd  AnguMu,  fcnr^h         Vn.  LhJu,  widow  ol  F.  O.  Y.  Utko,  nq,  ■< 
MN  of  a,  F.  Xnnli,  M>|.  X.P.  Tulrr  Hill,  SikBcii. 

Al  BoAdhic.  und  TT.  Jun«  Saundftn.  Hd.  At  hla  MtCer^  midBie*  Id  Pmtoii.  «a.  Ltae. 

Mrt  Slrtcklwiil  •gnd  11.  Tbomwi  Km  LimulB.  eio.  ILA.  tM^ 
iM  uiu  •rmni  rf  PoWtf  Im ,  en.  Dartr,  id  Etton-iil-  B«lgr«re^g. 
B«  wu  of  Ttjitit)'  coUtEC.  CunbiMKe.  and  w«i 
ealM  to  Iba  bar  al  Iba  Uddia  Tenpla,  Hot.  M, 
LIWi  nbtMiWBtljr  Is  vblcb  data  ba  cbaaiad  Ua 
nanw  from  OorM  lo  Lowndca. 

In    lAidon,  Ann-Elbabetb.  widow  oT  (kpl- 

Rjrdar  UlaMa,  K  Jl.  aldirt  dan.  and  c»-holnia  ol 

iba  lata  Jobn  Stowa,  aaq.  cf  Brttn  Qnm,  Dnrtun. 

At  Ibe  Fin,  aged  M.lobn  VmUam  Wrtaht,  M. 

ownar  or  brira  Hall,  os.  o>  Dttbj,  Iba  aoctau 

Am  is.    Al  Urldmbs',  (bry,  irilh  of  BaoiT 
_-—.. Aziard,  aaq.  aldaal  daiLdf  tba  late  Rer.  BHrr 

At  Keedbam-markM,  Am,  nliet  of  tb*  Rer.      Pareoai,  Bact«r  of  Ooatbant. 
ld««nil*RMt,t>rnwrt]rnnoworCaliia(iOllw,         Anna,  vth  of  Itia  Bai.T.  H.  Barkei,  td  Bir- 
Oubrldn.aiid  Sector  of  Bnadwar.DonMriitn.       Blntfiam,  dau.  of  Iba  li(s  Jobn  Wabb.  mq.  |n». 

to  iiroa'parit-aaun,  Ooori*  Pr*oUi  >•].  '■r-      tor,lMeton'  Or 

■wIt  ofgomaiiiy  Hall.  taldalMbfra.  —  ~.  . 

At  SoDlb  Flald,  BnmaiibT  "       ~    '" 
t|M  Hi  Edwari  ^laln,  eai. 

Aaad  n,  Hot.  nUst  of  1 
Ml,  (fTirt. 

Aw  11.    In 


telils'  '  -P'T.oa    "" 

Al  BnuBili.  and  14,  babdla-Anne,  onlr  dan. 
of  Colonel  BonDo  Walnole.  latu  Wib  Reel. 

AaHll.  At  abritaahaiD,  atad  IT.  Helen,  dau. 
Of  John  Brown,  eaq,  oCDtindee- 

Al  aifWngbAH,  aged  t9,  UIb  IU17  Finch,  who 
ttM  lor  dx  TMta  Bind  alone,  kecptne  iti  or  M*en 
Ma,«MAwanlMroal)'ciiini)ulDn>.  AlttaDa«b 
A*  lad  vntntf  oidMant  to  antble  bar  to  Ure 
rwy«rt»ar.«haTi»dniit  anowed  bannir  Mnmon 


>U,  nabatd  R«  BUnell,  OM.  XJL 
k.  M.S.  wadlfi.  JirtinCamphMl.<it. 
a  Abbal.l>«r«o.  wod  TB,  falaabaW- 
-  -'  Jobn  Campball,  eaq.  Oa>wJ. 


Uibon.ilwnmLlnl.,  WidlwkrFDbii 


K."-^ 


Loaat  I>oreb*M«,d^^^H 
)>•  from  IndM.  a^^^^H 

o(HIIIMUi-a(.  WaMvl  I 

la.  iw.  of   PrMTMOid.  ■ 


...    in  Oamalw-ai. 

vUeolChaHeaT.  Bake.T'fa.D. 

U  OamaD,  Klobird  Roe  Bi(n*U.  Cap).  K 
llCllnain  VMnn.  FUnKblra.  aged  »,Ji 
Burfne-MMla,  wlbolUw  Rer.  Brabann  I 

AlOortni  HesUi.  OioB.uvd  19. Emllr-Ocor- 
lUaa.dad.of  IbaRct,  R.  T.F»«T1. 

Al  KendnfMi,  igM  n,  Harrr.  Ibe  laM  furrlr- 
Uk  wn  of  Ihe  lata  CKariaa  Sobcneen.  eaq.  ol  Kln- 
«Mra,il«a4bln. 

At  SnalbMa,  ftt  to,  Mn.  Hannab  Itriuon 

Aw  II.    At  Parli,  lUrr-HarrM-  eldeil  ehOd  of 

flb  noniM  NxWa  ibdT.  Bart,  of  Albru,  Rmi. 

_     AlftBlalrail,aMd  il,Karr.wM>ii{  WlUlam 

"~,  "q.  wwk  Boaat,  maUar-CUA-aaTUa, 

aia.BfUohira  •'■^"'i"'rt"-''iiir1  Hii iTiTTnii.  ill 

I- ai  11  ■Mil.  Di  w  lata  Jotin  Mute-  loa  of  Dr.  Haanr  RoMnaoB,  ol  BoukoiM. 

*W|,  and  fftw  «TMid-da»-  of  JiAa  Aicd  M,  llr-aiiitT  C-  It.  Biwd.  wnan.  Ili» 

r*.  BB,  ot  OadaMtn  C«aft,  Dane,  tunlB. 

"UilwaiBMoaalMaBaorilnwdl.  In  Varkabm.  and  tT.  WalMr  BylHr  OI«fe« 

„...._         ....       _  .      -n^wmdiaiifl«.waii«aiaeBnCwHB«. 

._   .       __ la  B,  C.  a.  WanfcJMda.  of  wi^m— 

T.ai>,  a(l>iDMniBClMlla.eo.DaMU>.  Hall.  YMfahlra.  and  CHUatoaar.  Ii_„. 

'WiMlttiaal  ITaiidBia't.  «H.  1  KaoMi  laUMHaiquMMOraandl,  bjrbtaaMwtkLMr 
Sarah  Dnller,  lib  dau.  et  Umrr.TboniM  M^a 

.  _  M, WUBaag  inaAar.  oq.  bariMariM-  ofCairlik. 

mi  Wa  /■((■  or  aa  Oewtr  Oont,  Ura-  Al  Madiaai,  al  an   adrannd  aaa,  BloAMb, 

Ami  bum  Mtoh  M  «UI  ba  MOOartad,  Im  tecondd(ii.o[|haIaI*SUBDel  WnW.Mf. 


Jam.  J.  H.  Filth,  or  Iba  BeOE*!  (far. 
At  BMiloii,  and  11.  tarab.  ralkt 

>H~n.Mq^inTHni>«(|iiiibaUi-a(. ,. 

n.  Pela*    Firla.  lao.  of  PrMrrmid, 

' ,  and  (d  Dm  dm  ii<  ?iMr  Buia  aM 


IS5&] 


Obituary. 


211 


M.    AtiUMMrth,  a«ad  60,wmi«m  An- 

ao«gb-«4«aM,  London,  Samnei  Bell,  esq. 
•  RoeiTar  of  tot-hrm  and  crown 


Aft  BifM,lnBK,  aged  91,  Charlotte,  relict  of 
ttM  Ber.  W.  /.  GarleiB,  of  Felttead,  Euex. 

At  Bmea-fprora,  Tottenham,  aged  84,  Ifary,  re- 
iki «f  wmfun  Janaon,  eeq. 

Aft  Boty,  agad  81,  Emma,  relict  of  William 
KMehener,  eiq.  of  Finsbory-plare,  London,  and 
■toet  of  William  Bnck,  eiq.  formeriy  of  Bury. 

Aft  Heatings,  James  Wilmot  Lush,  esq.  of  Mont- 
fdttar  Hmue,  South  Lambeth. 

Aft  PoTton  House,  WUU,  aged  26,  Mr.  John 
miroT.  of  Rhymnej  Iron  Works,  Soath  Wales. 

Aft  Saltasli,  aged  66,  James  P}rper,  esq.  His 
bodj  was  renunred  to  Falmouth  for  interment. 

Aft  the  Po^dars,  Shepherd's  Bush,  aged  65,  Jo- 
seph Slmi^in,  esq.  late  of  Portman-st.  London. 

Am«  IT.    At  Cheshnnt,  Mrs.  Price,  of  Upper 
Charlotfea-st.  Fitzroy-sq.  eldest  dan.  of  the  Ute 
Jmmh  Batho,  esq. 
At  SaUshary,  aged  16,  George  Brown,  esq. 
At  Edinlmrgh,  Hester,  widow  of  James  Dnncan, 
ftr   aoma  time  Master  of  the  Trinity  House, 
Leiiliu 
Aged  77,  Mbs  Greene,  of  Norfolk-sq.  Brighton. 
At  Badale,  Elisabeth,  wife  of  Chas.  Thos.  Her- 
Tflif ,  esq.  aoUdtor. 

At  Edinburgh,  Miss  Susan  Maxwell,  youngest 
iMir  of  the  Iste  Sir  WiUiam  MazweU,  of  Mon- 
relth.Bart. 

Aft  OraTesand,  Susannah,  widow  of  Lieut.  £d- 
miind  Oakes,  R.N. 

Aft  Dundee,  Mrs.  Janet  Walker,  widow  of  Andrew 
PIftcatm,  esq.  of  Pitcullo,  Fifeshire. 

At  Kingsland,  Elixabeth-Talbot,  relict  of  Fre- 
dvie  Chuies  Thomas,  esq.  and  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  Rer.  J.  P.  Rose,  of  Islinirton. 

At  Upper  Holloway,  aged  83,  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Tuely. 

At  Haslar  Hospital,  of  concussion  of  the  brain, 
eaoaed  by  a  fUl  from  the  mast  of  H.M.S.  La  Hogne, 
aged  16,  Arthur-Herbert,  third  son  of  the  Rev. 
&hard  Tyacke,  Vicar  of  Fadstow,  Cornwall. 

At  the  Terrace,  Walworth,  aged  61,  Marian- 
Jemima,  wife  of  F.  Vining,  esq. 

At  Whalley  Abbey,  Lane,  aged  61.  Capt.  WhiUc, 
late  of  the  59th  Regiment. 

June  18.  At  the  residence  of  the  Danish  I.<ega- 
tlon,  his  Excellency  M.  de  Bille,  Danish  Minister 
at  this  court,  where  he  succeeded  Count  Rovcnt- 
low,  ^Hio  died  about  two  years  ago  when  on  a  tonr 
in  Scotland. 

Aged  70,  Miss  Mary  Bloxsidge,  of  the  Butts, 
Warwick. 
At  Chatham,  aged  78,  Edward  Brock,  esq. 
At  Rock  Park,  Cheshire,  John  R.  Campbell,  esq. 
formerly  of  Buenos  Ajrres. 

At  Dalston,  aged  88,  John  Gibson,  surgeon,  last 
surviving  son  of  the  late  William  Gibson,  esq.  of 
Change-alley. 

In  John-.Ht.  Bedford-row,  Joseph  Goodeve,  esq. 
solicitor,  only  son  of  the  late  Joseph  Goodeve,  esq. 
of  Goeport. 

At  Exeter,  from  general  paralysis,  aged  32, 
Henry  John  McDongall,  surgeon,  late  of  Henri- 
etta-st.  Cavendlsti-ftq. 

At  Bedford,  Mi».H  Mary  Palmer,  lister  of  the  late 
Wm.  Palmer,  esq.  of  Bedford. 

June  19.  Aged  (i7,  Thomas  Bniley,  esq.  of  Aig- 
burth  Old  Hall,  near  Liverpool. 

At  Springfield,  near  Shepton  Mallet,  aged  33, 
Ellen-Mary,  wife  of  WUIiam  Hole  Bethel,  esq. 
At  Hrixworth,  aged  38,  William  Eklns,  esq. 
Age<l  28,  William,  eldest  Kur>-iv{ng  son  of  Ste- 
phen Horgraves,  esq.  of  Rock  House,  Settle,  York- 
shire. 

Manr-Elizalwth,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Robert 
B.  C.  L.  Jenkins*,  esq.  of  Charlton-hill,  Salop. 

At  Old  Hall,  Kirkleatham.  aged  r>4.  Colonel 
Forbes  Macbean,  late  of  the  Royal  Artillery.  He 
served  at  Waterloo. 


At  Orehardton,  aged  74,  Col.  Christopher  Max- 
well, of  Orehardton,  late  of  the  30th  Regt. 

At  Sharpham,  Devon,  aged  5,  John-Ozley,  eldaet 
son  of  John  Oxley  Parker,  e-sq.  of  Woodham  Mor- 
timer PUu^e,  Essex,  and  grandson  of  Richard 
Durant,  esq.  of  Sharpham. 

At  Brandcston,  Ann.  relict  of  the  Rev.  Stephen 
StsCfford,  formerly  of  Cromer,  Norfolk,  and  mother 
to  Mrs.  Gleed,  of  Hoo-tiall,  Sutfolk. 

JuM  20.  At  Hammersmith,  aged  32,  Henry  T. 
Lucas  Byne,  esq.  surgeon,  late  of  Marlborough, 
eldest  son  of  Ralph  Bync.  esq.  and  grandson  of  the 
late  Rev.  Henry  Byne,  formerly  Hector  of  Car- 
shalton.  Surrey. 

William  Connolly,  e.sq.  an  eminent  wine-mer- 
chant in  Dublin.  He  committed  suicide  by  hang- 
ing himself  from  one  of  tito  beiuns  in  his  stores  at 
the  North  Lots. 

Darkey  -  Knight,  widow  of  John  Albion  Cox, 
esq.  of  Dorchester,  and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 
Richard  Sayers,  esq.  of  Greenwood,  co.  Dublin. 

At  Tunbridge  Wells,  Emily-Frunces,  second  dau. 
of  the  Rev.  S.  W.  Dowell,  Vicar  of  Gosfield,  I->sex. 
At  Bournemouth,  Mary,  second  dau.   of  the 
Dowager  Lady  Erskine. 

At  Clai)ham-ri8c,  GcortfC  Fenncr,  esq.  of  the 
Queen's  Remembrancer's  OtHce. 

In  t:Aton-s4i.  the  Hon.  Malcolm  Stewart,  infiuit 
son  of  the  Earl  of  Gallowav. 

Aged  69.  Mary- Ann,  relict  of  Lewis  Leslie,  esq. 
of  Upper  Mall.  HiimmorHmlth. 

At  the  Droitwich  Saline  Baths,  Mr.  Thomas 
Loynes,  an  aged  gentleman,  of  Birmingham.  He 
died  from  suiTocation  in  a  bath,  in  consequence 
of  turning  on  the  tap  of  hot  water  and  losing  his 
power  to  turn  it  off  again  by  fainting  or  other 
sudden  seizure. 
At  Brentwood,  aged  20,  Barry,  son  of  Dr.  Marsh. 
At  Kreutznach,  (vonnany,  Maria-Alston,  wife  of 
Capt.  Newell.  R.N. 

At  Folkestone,  Sarah-Maria,  fourth  dau.  of  the 
late  R.  J.  Peck,  esq.  surgeon,  Newmarket. 

AtMaidstone,  aged  58,  William  Gurden  Pcene, 
esq.  M.D.  Cantab. 

At  Bury,  in  his  7.'»th  year,  Mr.  William  Pente- 
ney,  formerly  of  the  3lBt  Regt.  of  Infantry.  Wil- 
luun  Pentcncy  muht  be  reckoned  amongst  the  no- 
tabilities of  the  town  of  Bury,  of  which  he  was  a 
native,  being  one  of  the  two  men  who  entered  the 
magazine  on  fire  at  St.  Hclicr's,  Jerwy ,  in  the  year 
1804,  and  quenched  the  Hamos  with  water  handed 
to  them  by  an  ofllcer  f^om  witliout,  Peutcney  car- 
lying  out  in  his  Iiands  a  l>ox  of  cartridges  which 
the  fire  had  Ju.st  reached.  For  this  service,  by 
which  the  town  of  Jersey  was  i)rol)ably  saved  from 
destruction,  routency  received  a  coinniemorative 
medal,  and  enjoyed  till  his  death  i>ensions  from 
the  island  of  Jersey  and  from  the  Patriotic  Fund 
of  London. 

Aged  .^2,  Henry  Weir,  esq.  Manager  of  the  Lon- 
don and  County  Bank,  Knightsbridgo. 

At  Ramsgate,  aged  88,  William  Wise,  esti.  of 
Borden,  ]iear  Sittingbonme,  Kent. 

Juw  21 .  At  (}rcat  Melton.  Mr.  Thomas  Barker. 
He  was  bom  on  the  shortest  day  in  the  year  1753, 
and  dle<l  on  the  longest  day  in  the  vcar  1863. 

At  Addlestone,  Surrey,  agwl  29,  William  Cham- 
bers, ei"*!.  youngest  son  of  the  late  Thomas  Cliam- 
bers,  cs<i.  of  Hertford,  and  brother  to  the  present 
M.P.  for  tliat  town. 

In  Cumberiand-st.  Portman-sq.  aged  2.^,  Miriam, 
only  dau.  of  Lady  Conglcton. 

At  Beccles,  ageii  29,  Gcorgiana-Elizabeth.  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  John  Waldron  Crabbe, 
Rector  of  Great  and  Littlo  Glenham. 

At  Gothic  Villa,  Queen's-road,  St.  John's-wood, 
aged  75,  Mrs.  Catherine  Camming,  widow,  who 
was  some  months  ago  the  subject  of  an  expensive 
and  prr>tracted  commission  de  lunatico  inquirendo. 
At  Oakley  House,  Alpha-road,  St.  John's-wood, 
aged  87,  Elizabeth  Brickendcn  Fisher. 

At  Warwick,  aged  9«,  Sophia-Mary,  relict  of 
Jonathan  Foster,  esq.  late  clerk  of  the  i)eace  for 
Leicestershire. 


•>J  BmrdoB.  Bfi  UuKliHUir.  and  a 
AngiuU.  iliD.  of  Anbtewoa  Rattan. 

At  lb*  Cottios,  FdbI'i  dmr  Puk,  Kant,  usd 
M,  a.  Hnna  WwOsrlwd,  an.  U.D. 

In  HorUnur-MnM.  Canmllib-u.  AnnbCooa. 
tnoDi;)!,  wife  or  J«M>  Sti!)4i«i  Vxiknii.  Hq. 


FMnuMi,  Suiaei.  agwl  T<.  Tiur- 
.     nia  Df  t)H  Orm  oT  the  Bya  Bank. 

UaiiKintH, 

I.  In  Afi^ln,  IDd  oT  Ltni^'i. 

In  inaaaug)nr]'-*q.  igail  80,  IflM  June  TUlmall. 
AI  Fniub,  nsar  DnkJnc.  tni  tD,  Mr,  lata 

WUHn,rinirdWlbatinkcof  Norblk.  Thera- 
Dulm  wan  Intaml  at  WbHsd  Ebnrcti. 

JmiSi.  la  Lowar  Balgnn-pl.a«nl»l,3.P, 
Aofbari,  eaq. 

AI  BriEtHDa,  FnoMa.  aldtit  nirvlrlnc  dan.  of 
the  lotA  John  Dramlay.  oiq.  of  HaUAu- 

At   Haalhllsid  IfanK.  Ka*.  aged  U.  Walla 


or  Edaanra.  Hlddiaats,  Bt.  Omar  In  Duiw,  and 


afad  U.LIIUaa,r«tleto(.^i(BaCain|ilien,  caq. 

AI  Vallmd.aiial  Tl ,  Edoud  Gnu,  taq. 
^Al  «,  _Bdlerr>,  Jaiw.  age^  -'    '  '— 


ofltiaUthFaaUlara 


iL-€ol,      aramoid&,lii 


aau.  of  Iha  Kcr.  B.  C 

»,Jim«a-Al«t«**r,eiBe«»noi  japia* 
q.  of  WarUs-lodga,  Lrlhain 

d  Ibnvcb  OUde  ttudmt- 
'  UudanDin  and 


otlin  amnaed  ol 
ad  of  a  black  inm 


kdrmm^t- 
■UeoTsani 


]oUi*dtbtn8liMntal(Manai<]rb)  I8M.  1 
be  vaa  atdpwraAed  and  takaa  piifoner  In  tu 
padnian  to  Banorar ;  In  ISM  be  ■»  preaei 
tbe  ncnobig  of  Bnaooe  Attn  e  and  he  aAen 
awiM  doiuw  Ihe  PsiilDBqlar  war.  (or  whic 


ncof  Clsdad 


In  B(lnr-«.  FonRian-fi).  Anna-WalioD.  wife  of 
hoBK Maeksufa. aq. dIOrd. NO.  Khenatba 
.  of  Jinwt  Fewtar.  eaq,  of  Kaddery  and 
andni  murted  In  lau. 
.  bIosh,  acedH.CbarleaWm.  Kajme.aaq. 
Uppar  FocdMilar-aL  OuBbrM(e.aq.  LoDdOD, 
"i.  Wa.  Rloholl,  aai,  1U>.  fOnoarlr  of 


At  mEb  Wrwinbe,  Ha.  BtnrielU  InlBC.  of 

New  t^dibui,  rallct  of  Lieut,  T.  J.  Inlna.  R.N. 

At  Nntucton-snCD,  Uddlean,  aged  M,  TIhm. 

AtDlB(iliiD.Sani.  aged  M.  LevU  Wir.  «■)<  Ibr- 
aia}y  of  BtWport,  Dooetidilre.  He  wat  t)w  tbM 
bul  anl7  flimrtoc  vn  of  Rnllea  Ball  Wv.  aaq,  of 
Bridport.  bf  hli  (IrM  irdf*  Ann*  Harla,  onlj  iu. 
of  Hairex  Lilllnfloii,  H),  of  atocklsT,  CO.  IlsnK. 

fmr  M.  At  iflaty.  aged  M,  Mr.  Benir  Oack- 
hm,  Mlbor  of  "  Valenltne  Vox,"  ■■  SrlfaaHr 
Sauad,"  and  ottierwurkiotflnlm. 

AI  IM|alc.agBd  HI.  Eliubeth,  wife  of  Jaatpli 


B,  n^ldof  WIIIUiD 
BOW.  atq.  of  LHlie  91.  Thamo  Apoallr, 

AI  Babwnl,  Sbmnbuy.  CbarloHeJIiria.  onljr 
tarrlrinx  dan.  of  Iba  lala  Tbomaa  Svlnbunw.sq. 
of  Ponriip  titll  and  of  flMacrae.  parlwm. 

At  SlarmlDder.  aged  9S.  Saaannah,  rellPt  of 
ThDmi'l.iuliTnlk.taq.  •untaon. 

And  at.  Mr,  Jolin  Walker,  tronlbntidH-.  of 
Vuki  who  prodncail  •oiw  tt  tbaniaH  elalHcale 
_  — .   — ^ —  .ji  jji^  eonnlry,     Tbo 


ttoadla.  aced  M.  AnguniU'Faaltr.  Tooaiert 
rihalala  J.  Buckler.  <v|.  of  OuUdlOfd.  and 
iMn  of  lbs  luc-  John  Fooler,  m^.  of  Dp- 

Pivrion  Vlcangr,  nnr  Btljiblon,  and  t, 
T-Backiier.  i«aad  ion  of  Die  R«.  ttallir 

PoiUd»iiIIi,  Fnnk  H.  Lanilien.  LtaiU.  on 
'  H.M  S,  Kdlnbnntb.  and  eldcM  rni  at  Fnnk 
naban.aaq.ortimier  llarlr]r-«,  tlewienn- 
inaMT  Isaa,  UgeUiAr  vtEh  Ivo  wiTemMn,  hj 
ipatulng  of  ■  wheiT]'  aa  be  vai  mnrabif  to 

Derahaai.  Morfitk,  awd  m ,  Ann ,  vldnr 
'  KanoB,  K'M.  uf  LiAenliam.  new  HOr- 

Rlrtiaiond.  Bomr.  *(">  '«>  ■'t>bn  Poanla. 


At  BinxEll  H«ue,  Uobl.  Etilph  SLcbardaon. 
<*q.  nurdunt,  BmntifletA-pl.  Edlnbnrgb. 

U  'fi-g»i—"'i  aitail  69.  Oaoree  Slorj,  eiq. 

An)  II,  WiUiiJll,  younpat   »n   ot  Henry 
Snckf.  aq.  ofMiirwoD^-men,  UldAleiel. 
on.Leliaii,  J  "  " 


JUSaoUwraH 
lata  BwbTWi 
SoaUMmiilan. 


'utng,  Bii].   of  Pwt  Tree,  i 


M  r«l  Qurdi.  whk'h  iVr 

fhnn  Ad^tul  1A33.  Blfl  TomiUii^  were 
vitbla  til*  indDct)  of  ihaToirer,  grw 
Mng  ptiil  la  till  mamory.  Among  Ui 
■ba  Ulonit  tlia  muliu  irare  Goloncli 
KBnUjn,  TjnrMtl,  Heaerlef,  SIkt.  4r 
>  _*   .*.>_i^  ^„g_  ,„j  Cipialn.  d 

Id  tlM  inn/  early  In  titt.    J 


Agol  81,  Sarah  Cope,  at  KinDeld,  wllsir  o( 
Ased  73,  Ctmrlei  Cn)ilui»,  «aq.  of  Ponder^  End, 
At  ai.  Alban-i,  agod  61.  Edward  AIIdq  Foid- 

At  Bevanoakj,  aged  Sfi,  Samuti  Green,  eaq. 

Emilr,  Iblrd  Ota.  of  tin  laM  C.  H.  KorMgbt, 
BBQ.  formarlT  at  Hrlanda.  Eaejt. 

Aged  80,  tUcllaid  TSTlor,  «i.  of  Umi^boiue, 

In  Blandlbrd-pJ.  ftartnt'iFark,  ifrpA  41.  Ran. 
nth.  relict  o(  Smamtl  Hnwln.  am. 

Wliho  WltKn,  C.S,  of  Ue  Ibdru  ii 


a  Colon. 


■iln  tt  men  tbedac 


sft  iif  the  nglmeQ  t 


n  IbeO 


BrMol.  agvl  M, 

„ an™. 


not  bo  paM  lo  bbi 

q.  Df  ViUage-iiBrli, 
-'-  rat  iierfomer. 

ird,"  Col.-Com- 

Id  TrtidtT-aq.  aged  6%  WUllani  Hanrjr  Oravu, 

u  WkkHonae.  near  Worcaater,  aged  Bt.  U*i 
U^rt.lale  of  Derbj.  eldest  dan.  ot  the  late  R«r. 
John  Uoyd,  Becior  of  Pulun,  nearFeierborevgli. 
•ad  Preb.  el  Armagb. 

At  TlTlMilcll,  nged  fix.  Un.  Reblni.  relict  of 
TtuBiai  Bahlni,  bh.  ot  Venn,  box  Tutitlock. 

Ibi.  gar,  late  ofbun-U.  SI.  Jamca'i. 

AtOnnvtcti,  aged  61,  Enitnoe  WIgicll,  esq, 

Kan.  Heiiiietta-Einny-Hiirjr  Cowpcr,  eldut  'dau. 
orlarlCawper. 


DUtTldi. 

At  SydDS]-.  Heir  Soutb  WiJei,  aged 
Houy  f^pper,  eaq.  laleof  fitrmlngtuin. 

At  Banmenumtta,  Haoli.  aged  n.  Uar7. 
Oau.  of  Uie  Ute  Sir  Darld  Eriklne,  But.  of  Camba. 
N.B,  and  Pwllycroction.  DenUgbshlre. 

AI  Benam,  HlDdotUn.  ued  G9,  If,  Deinetrliu 
Galonoi,  Iho  most  Learned  URoiiLit  cbat  mudertl 
Greece  liDn  prodaced,  and  who  for  wore  tlian 
twenty  jW-g  occupied  wltti  dlitincKon  thectuUr 
at  Sanscrit  at  the  College  of  Benaras.  He  bai  be- 
qneatbed  to  ttis  DnlisnUty  of  Attieni,  wltb  mffl. 
dent  funds  for  tJwIr  pubUeatdon,  tcry  exlefulTB 

varsity  has  accepted  tbe  durge.    It  la  said  that 


Iheywl 


infiiUaTii 


i,ea(i,  of  liB. 


onlydH.of  John  Hanaa. 
i^.atcauian,  SanUi.wifDorTbomaiHDlrayd.ci 


Edmund  Temple  Wataon, 
Zaitk  Gideon  Barclay,  e 


in  BuTlngtan-it.  DaUey^].  aged  H.  Un.  Uary 
Bttm.  tfllcl  of  Lawrenre  B]rroe,iaq.Bt  lbs  Vale 

miTD  Byne.  dvU   lind  lalllliiry   englnFCr,  of 


Tyefea,  AdulaMe, 

rawcect  Grant,  eaq.  tecona 

ondi-r  Grant,  eeq.  af  Jersvy, 

Mn.  Lane,  vIOow  of  Willi 
wicb.  and  fennerLy  of  lUng'B  _,  __. 

AI  Hadrld.  aged  »,  Frandaoo  Saint,  the  most 
celetiraled  apmiiOi  llTing  painter,  a  pupil  of  the 
Neilar  of  Spanish  palnlen,  Jaai  do  Uadraio, 

AC  ntniaiton,  near  Wurcuter,  aged  1%  John 


At  Weymoath.  aged  tt,  EHiabeth.  relict  of  Wil- 
liam Daila.  tm.  of  WMIerbounie  Abbas,  DiHiel. 

At  Ctaliwiclc,lllddlix.aged14,JiHphFlelctier, 
I'si).  lalo  nirgaoa  of  Ihs  Royal  Artillerr, 

At  BIrdHp,  CheltBibiun,  Catberlne.  eldoM  dan. 
ofT,  S.G)ad(tone,eig.DfCaimocb,DararrieBhlm. 

At  untoD  next  Gnvewnd,  aged  7B,  Robtrt 
UgbtAnt,  eiq,  late  Storekeeper  of  Her  Mijeeiy't 
Virtnalling  Ytr4,  Depiftiitl. 

At  Hole  Lodge,  Snney,  aged  61,  WDllam  Bel- 
llngbam  Pabner,  eiq. 

At  Bentiam,  near  NewboiT,  Berks,  aged  79, 
HiH  Ann  Badfbrd,  of  Btratf«^-pl,  London. 

Aged  m,  Ann.  wilt  of  Jamei  Prince  Pollard, 
esq.  ot  Upper  Joba-at.  niannr'aq.  bulth  dan.  of 
the  lat«  Thomai  SonUi,  ttn-  of  aialnes. 


Uaidon,  Deron,  (he  n 
Bioard  Kino,  Un.  Han 
>  law  John  Wlndeatt,  ei 


ot  the  law  John 
IB  Ml      " 


^i,  near  Swindon,  aged  IB,  Uio 

^iuaa.'t-n.  Piccadilly,  aged  SI,  Henry 

Bin  Vim,  Klnr«  County,  Charlw 


TnnbrMceWe]lB.Uks>ElliabethWillbutil,of 
in  Hall,  Longbton,  Eaaex,  laU  of  U ocUaha, 
AnglaeT,  Hanta.  Edmrd  Handyll  Wjdde, 
eaq.  iLX.  of  Gh^lanhKa. 

JhJiI,    At BonKbnrch, Esnx, aged lU. Chrlst- 
mu  wiDlam  Colli,  oq.  lata  of  (1eet-str«t, 
At  Sandwich,  aged  69.  Thomae  De  Bock,  esq. 
At    Cranghtan.   Northamplanatdr*,  aged    n, 
Fblttppa-Uarla.  wlft  of  WUUam  Dewar,  Mq.  and 


irv't  1^1i,nsu  U'crpool. 

a«rMtut.  Htaa  W.  Ilwtol,  r*lltl  o(  Mi^ar 

11,  Hiir^  lBT>U>t>. 


\mr-  H»nsf.  tai  «. , 

'.  n^iuld  ryidar  H>ll.  italrd  tui 
jIaLor.  oq.  of  Pniu.  Wuirkluhln. 

imJura-pr.  "■— -  -- 


i>rw7  Vat.  blbg- 
•I 


iMld  oT  Sir  W.  S,  R.  CockMrn. 
Ai  HmtloorUi,  acail  Hi,  Biuaaiwti,  raiict  or 
midn  BodcHm.  cwi.  of  Blaskinn  lloiut,  Wir- 

Mn.  llwUT  PIDdu,  o(  fluliutr-tiiun. 

Ai  Bill),  agwl  19,  EllnbaUi,  dau.  of  Ue  lua 

ibQ    ftnuldiborouffh    tUvam^w,  enq,  a/   Old 

AI  UrCFiDiiloii.  igmi  II,  lt««.>IjitildA-HU7  B*(. 

■r.  uiil'  tliiui  <ir  Un.  Jimn  Widdsll.  bw  of 
iH.  E«Bi,<Brwid.daa.  «f  tha  Uie 
Cnrder.  and  bM»  of  <M  1U> 

owilar.  tm-  tit  GuplUDi. 


Hr.  T,  H.  Wvdill,  •aUdter,  BcanxraBob. 
Jult ».    AI  Ditwldn  HmiH.  u^  tl.  B>*  Hat 
9nn.  ChirlnUs  MiRbliniiw  or  AnilsHT,   Shtvu 


fn  llnllonr.  >«*d  e»,  IbnlMt.  nikl  of  wntbra  Ih4  mooiuI  diof hur  oT  CIumIm  flm  Etfl  of  CMo- 

Liiuitimn,  ui.    Hilldior,  Umatlf  of  BwUdi'i-  gUi  >r '■'■*' ■UklbiTilu.iirCbiu.ClianUn, 

tiuUdKig-'.  llnSlurR.  mn.  abamiBUiManlln  IMA  Wtli*  m.  Haa. 

AI  Wriiinciwuntli.acadiT.  Mr.  A.  M.  Oiiilio,  BlrllOTiyWtOaMr.aftarvardiLordCavlaTKMl 


Iba  Hanaaaar  AB(lNH,irtOHfMiiHraMnU(> 
vilh  UdT-CanlliH  VUUv*  vu  dlavilnt  bf  Be 
tfobA  ranrW  la  Oia  una  jiaar,    Sba  M<  iMa 


1853.] 


Obituary. 


215 


yoongost  dau.  of  the  Iftto  Edward  Bnmaby 
Greene,  enq.  of  Gh^Mrenor-pl.  and  Norlanda,  Mid- 
dlesex. 

At  AmblCjiide,  Jane,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Holme,  Vicar  of  Cowton,  Yorkshire,  dau.  of  th« 
late  Mr.  Wetherell,  of  Brampton  Ash,  Northamp- 
tOHMhire. 

At  NewcasUe-npon-Tync,  aged  76,  Sanderson 
Ilderton,  esq.  of  llderton,  Northnmberland :  an 
active  maKi^trate  of  the  county,  of  which  he 
served  Sheriff  in  1829.  He  was  a  candidate  fbr 
Tynemouth  at  its  first  erection  into  a  borough  in 
1832,  but  was  defeated  by  Mr.  George  F.  Young, 
by  336  votes  to  264. 

At  Stone  Street,  aged  92,  Stephen  Kelcey,  esq. 
He  hunted  with  his  own  pack  until  a  very  ad- 
vanced age. 

In  BatuordHiq.  aged  63,  Rachel,  relict  of  Phineaa 
Nathan,  esq. 

At  Brompton  Barracks,  Chatham,  aged  23,  En- 
sign Charles  A.  Turner,  24tli  Regt.  youngest  son 
or  the  Rev.  John  Turner,  Rector  of  Awbrittle, 
Somerset 

At  Clapham-common,  aged  69,  Uenry  Chivers 
Vince,  esq.  late  of  Reading. 

At  Lewisham,  aged  73,  Thomas  Ward,  esq. 

In  Wilton-pl.  Ellen-Chantrey,  dau.  of  Richard 
Westmacott,  esq. 

July  9.  At  Chelsea,  aged  82,  Elizabeth-Wilhel- 
mina,  relict  of  Captain  Dowson,  Uth  Light  Dra- 
goons, eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  John  Davlas, 
Rector  of  Padworth,  Berks. 

At  l.'pper  Caldecot,  Biggleswade,  Beds,  aged  60, 
(teorRe  Inskip,  esq. 

Aged  66,  (iracc,  wife  of  William  Mount,  esq.  of 
Canterbury. 


At  Southampton,  aged  77,  Rosa,  widow  of  Cap- 
tain Thomas  Payne,  B.N. 

At  Chelsea,  Matilda,  wife  of  Richard  Phillipe,  esq. 
and  granddau.  of  the  late  John  Bacon,  esq. 
R.A. 

At  Barnstaple,  aged  98,  Miss  Susannah  Servante. 

At  Tiverton,  aged  80,  Mrs.  Talley,  relict  of  the 
Rev.  Robert  Talley. 

At  Hamilton,  Belfiist,  Boycott  Wight,  eldest 
surviving  son  of  Andrew  Wight,  esq.  of  Ormiftoiif 
N.B.,  and  of  Mortimer  House,  Clifton. 

July  10.  At  Torquay,  aged  44,  James-Rundell 
Bigge,  esq.  second  son  of  the  late  Thomas  Blgge, 
esq.  of  Bryanston-eo. 

At  the  Mount,  York,  aged  79,  Anne,  relict  of 
John  Bower,  esq.  of  Middlethorpe  Hall,  near 
York. 

At  Stowey,  near  Bridgwater,  Rebecca,  relict  of 
Thoe.  Colboume,  esq.  banker,  of  Stnrminster. 

At  Godmanchester,  Hunts,  aged  83,  Edward 
Martin,  esq. 

At  Rosdy,  Arbroath,  on  her  96th  birthday, 
Madalene,  widow  of  Peter  Ranken,  esq. 

Aged  76,  Michael  Tasburgh,  esq. 

At  Torquay,  Marianne,  wife  of  John  M.  Sep- 
pings,  esq. 

July  12.  At  Doncaster ,  Sarah ,  third  dau .  of  the 
late  liev.  Stephen  Moore,  M.A.  Preb.  of  Ywk, 
and  Vicar  of  tliat  town. 

At  Sudbury,  aged  56,  Mr.  Wm.  Wsllis,  for  up- 
wards of  thirty  years  minister  of  Friar-st.  Inde- 
pendent Chapel. 

July  14.  At  Newport,  Isle  of  Wight,  aged  80, 
Mr.  James  Wavell,  draper,  for  many  years  a 
member  of  the  Town  Council. 


TABLE  OP  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OP  LONDON. 
(From  the  Returns  ittued  by  the  Regietrar^  General,) 


Deaths  Regif tered 

Births 
Registered. 

Week  ending 
Saturday, 

Under 
15. 

15  to 
60. 

60  and     Age  not 
upwards,  specified. 

Total.     Mi^ea. 

Pemales. 

June        25  . 
July           2  . 

•  1        9  • 
n        16   . 

487 
477 
425 
473 

326 
389 
305 
286 

176 
221 
185 
141 

1 
16 
10 

4 

1 

990         529 

1103         620 

925         478 

904         457 

t 

461 

483 
447 
447 

1545 

1711 

1444 

,  1367 

AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  Jult  22. 


Wheat. 

Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

Beans. 

Peas. 

#.    d. 

«.    d. 

#.    d. 

«.    d. 

#.    d. 

#.    d 

49     8 

28  11 

20  11 

34  10 

40     5 

36     8 

PRICE  OF  HOPS,  July  25. 
Sussex  Pockets,  5/.  5t.  to  6/.  0«. — Kent  Pockets,  5/.  5«.  to  8/.  0«. 


PRICE  OP  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  Jult  25. 

Hay,  4/.  0«.  to  5/.  5«.~Straw,  1/.  8«.  to  1/.  14«.— -CloTer,  4/.  15«.  to  6/.  0«. 

SMITHFIELD,  July  25.    To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  81bs. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  July  25. 


Beef 3«. 

Mutton 3«. 

Veal 3#. 

Pork 3#. 


2d.  to  4#.  M, 
6d,  to  5«.  0<f. 
6<f.  to  4#.  lOd, 
Off.  to  4«.    Od, 


Beasts 4,558    Calves  497 

Sheep  and  Lambs   32,010    Pigs      310 


COAL  MARKET,  July  22. 

Walls  Ends,  He.  16s.  ^  to  18t.  OcT.  per  ton.     Other  sorts,  15«.  6d.  to  18«.  Od. 
TALLOW,  per  ewt.— T^wa  Tallow,  &2«.  M.     YeUow  Rnsria,  53«.  Od. 


916 

METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  CARY,  Stbahd. 
Fnm  Jiau  86,  (o  July  Sj,  IB33,  tolA  inclurht. 
Fihr«obeit'i  'rbwm.  i  i.F.hranhut'B  Thcmi. 


•S' 

^.^ 

. 

II 

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3,  Copthall  Chamber*,  Angel  CodH, 

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' 

r.  M.  ttteaou  AKo  tov»,  PBtHTKU|25,  vi.ftLikHsm«Tmm. 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


UISTOKICAL   REVIEW. 

SEPTEMBER  1853. 


CONTENTS. 


00BKE9P0NDENCE— The  VHcounty  of  Fermoy— Th*  troM  "  Honiw "— I.Tain». 
KOpei-'Cincellei]  LuTei  In  Ibe  GgoUenuio'i  Magutiie  for  ITTK— atilute  of  nnlot— UoDU- 
mentofPlilllpMniM   

The  OnniilU  CorrcBpondcniMt 

The  Bruntine  CtiuTi  nf  the  Iconoclutic  Period 

The  Fine  Arle  mt  Rome  id  Ihe  fears  IT36  Mtd  1737  :  rrom  the  Diary  of  Sir 
Aieiantlcr  Dick  of  FreatonGeld 

Stale  Papera  of  Henrr  tbe  Eighth 

Dr.  Baihont,  Biihop  of  Norwich    

Noteioo  Shnksiien's  Teit  

Wandering*  of  an  Antiqu«ry :  by  Thomaa  Wright,  F.S.A.  No.  XIII.— The 
Roman  Villa  at  Bigoor  (iritA  BitgrmiTigt) 

Virtami  of  the  Eighteenth  Cenlnry  :  Mr.  Natlianiel  Satom  -Mr,  Joieph  Ainet— 
Mr.  John  Nickoil 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  STLVAJTUS  ORBAN.— Ur.  Frtenian's  Hsmolr  of  Earl  Oadwine: 
ud  RsDurkacn  Somptlng  Chun-'h,  Sdikx— Sepalrbnl  li:ffl|c>»  at  LIKIe  Biddov,  Eiaei— 
RoDUD  Raaili  niar  LondMborDiiRh—DlKoterv  of  numan  uelatou  at  Whltwell— Sniwr- 
•HUoni  VlBir  of  the  BMonil  Namtar:  Tha  jfainlier  Sin :  UnlbrhinalB  Dan  ^  ThaCiowr 

NOTES  OF  THE  UOVTH^Thg  A^rrlan  SodMl^Na*  Hattuial  Qallery— Uteranr  Ob  of  Uib 
Pablic  Rgconli— Dodmal  CDltugs— Tbe  Boiil  Oollaoe  ot  CbeailiUT  and  Ihs  UotrapaHIan 
School  of  SctcBO— LoBiloa  DnlrenllT  CoUasa  —  TBianlnarT  Df  Tonbiidce  Siduiol  — 
SdentlllD  Honoim— Fonr^Iiinir.  F)tC— Bwarlli'i  Flelnrei  at  Briilal— Hotjiwl  Falan— 
~       ■    •  ~"     —  '  ■  In  St.  John'!  ChiiRb,  WlwlHiBw-Itandi  D(«a- 

"■    ^ColmlbniJaiBaon)' 


BedKrm  CtamTb.  SuAttlk— Dbconirlc*  In 
iwlMlnCUIdaanUAi'   —         -  - 


mSTOBICAL  AND   MISGKLLANEOUS  REVIEWS.  —  qiurlgrlT  0  . 

Oetural,  177 ;  Ksinru  aud  Pr«wdlai(inr  ArcbltectnnlSociBnnalHartliauipIa 
■ "  ■  ~  B  relating  le  Weal  Tanlog.  fa;.  rtM. , 


R^lilrar- 


>  Ucaonarr  of  ISn  Fan 


d.  UMorlcal  aud  De*:ri|itii 


[ode  af  EKimndntf  Hnmban  Id  Ei 
Ml ■.  Utunr-gOuidbook for  !M 
Bulda  [o  FtvmlLDtliaia— Calh.  U.  Waring^  Anni 
"le— PIgott't  Eg™— RemafkaWO  Eicape*  trom 
itivB— Dr.  O'SDJilian'i  Hnuc  of  Uio  Redesnur . . , 


IK 

4 


...     , _ ., .  E«w  Arfbmloflcal 

goolfljr,  JSfii  Sodoiy  Df  .^nHllllar^w  of  KEwcaatio-npon-Tyne 

MORONIC  LE.—ForcLgn  New9,  99H ;  Domflatlr  DccumncH "- 

Preformenls.  MH  (  Blrllis,  104 1  HUTlaiei  

of  Warwick  1  Eail  of  Portamontb ;  Earl  or  StaAald  i 
lUen,  K.C.D.  i  AdKL  John  Allen ;  Raar-Adni.  CnoLw- 
'aiiigt9[iratt,R.N.i  "  ' -  ■■     


OStTOARV^  wHb  Xemaln  of 
LordBaUiveni  Adm.  r  " 
ley  I  Capl.  Twiiden.  R. 


i   Ueal.Hlchul  Ffneo.  R.H.;  UnL-QAaael  H 


rkeri   T.O.  B.E 


DuTB.  arranged  In  Clironoliigieal  Order  ., 

Soneral'B  Rekumf  of  1ft 

'— Dallj  Fries  oF  Slocki 


Bt  STLVANUS  CBBAN,  <^t. 


ftl8 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


Mr.  Urban, — Obflerriof^  in  your  July 
No.  an  article  beaded  "  The  Family  of 
Roche  and  Viscounty  of  Fermoy,  signed 
"Corcagienais,"  I  beg  to  state,  for  tbe  in- 
formation  of  tbe  writer,  or  whomever  it 
may  concern,  that  /  have  always  been 
considered  as  tbe  nearest  representatiTe, 
being  lineally  descended  from  James  Ilbche 
of  Abysbowry,  in  the  county  of  Cork  (my 
great-grandfather),  who  deriTed  his  claim 
from  the  third  son  of  Maurice  Lord  Roche, 
Viscount  Fermoy,  tbe  last  acknowledged 
possessor  (the  posterity  of  the  two  elder 
orbthers  being  extinct). — Yours,  &c. 
Jas.  CmamlK  DuRNroRD, 

of  Lincoln's  Ino,  Barrister, 
10,  Upper  PhUlifHore  Place,  Keneinyton, 
26  Aug,  1853. 

Mr.  Urban,— The  word  plunder  (Ger- 
man plQndern)  is  generally  supposed  to 
have  been  introdncdl  into  England  from 
the  Low  Countries  or  Germany  at  the 
time  of  the  Great  Rebellion.  Mr.  Richard- 
ton  in  his  Dictionary  cites  a  pamphlet  of 
Prynne  in  proof  of  this  :  **  I  think  the 
Parliament  never  yet  spproved  tbe/^/uttiffr- 
ing  (or,  in  plain  English,  rohhing)  of  any 
man,"  &o.  I  do  not  find  the  following 
illtlstration  from  Puller  in  any  o(  the  Dic- 
tionaries :— **  This  invited  the  French  to 
invade  this  country,  where  they  did  much 
mischief,  p/Kiuiertit^  (the  thing  was  known 
in  England  before  the  name)  the  people 
thereof,  and  carrying  away  captive  the 
Prior  of  Lewes."  — Fuller's  Worthies, 
Sussex,  vol.  ii.  p.  392.  F.  M.  N. 

Lychnoecopet, — A  Correspondent  would 
be  glad  to  be  informed  whether  anything 
certain  is  known  respecting  these  windows, 
otherwise  called,  he  believes,  hagiotcopei, 
or  eguinit  7  It  is  a  vesata  queetio  ;  but 
it  seems  scarcely  possible  that  all  real 
information  upon  the  point — considering 
that,  at  the  time  of  the  Reformation,  they 
were  very  general  in  our  churches — should 
be  lost:  they  sre  very  singular.  Are 
they  still  in  existence  in  Roman  Catholic 
churches  either  in  this  country  or  abroad  ? 
If  so,  what  is  their  use?  The  Inquirer 
has  one  in  his  church,  closed  up  as  usual. 

Indaoator  has  drawn  our  attention  to 
a  discrepancy  in  his  copy  of  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine  for  the  year  1779.  In 
the  Index  to  the  Essays,  Occurrences, 
&c.  is  this  entry,  "  Frame,  Mr.  his  me- 
lancholy end,  375  ;**  but,  on  turning  to 


that  psge,  no  such  matter  occurs.  In  the 
General  Index  from  1731  to  1786  there 
is  no  reference  to  the  volume  for  1779  ; 
but  tfai^  to  the  volume  for  1785, — 
"  Fraine,  Mr.  curious  particulars  of  his 
case,  Iv.  799,  877."  On  turning  to  that 
volume,  we  read  of  a  teeond  unhappy 
suicide  in  the  same  family  of  Fraine  ;  and 
it  is  accompanied  by  a  reference  to  a 
former  occurrence  of  the  like  character 
which  had  occurred  in  1779,  as  described 
in  the  Magazine  first  mentioned.  We  have 
taken  the  trouble  to  examine  into  this 
matter.  When,  in  1779,  it  was  intended  to 
suppress  the  narrative  of  the  first  suicide, 
two  leaves  of  the  Magasine,  pp.  373 — 376, 
were  cancelled,  and  the  space  occupied  by 
the  account  of  **  Mr.  King  Samuel  Fraine*' 
was  filled  up  by  various  paragraphs  of 
News.  But  in  many  copies  tbe  original 
leaves  must  have  escaped.  We  find  them 
in  pur  own,  and  in  that  in  the  King's 
Library  in  the  British  Museum ;  but  the 
copy  in  the  Reading-room  of  the  British 
Museum  has  the  cancelled  leaves  in  their 
place. 

A  Correspondent  says,  in  Wase's  trans- 
lation of  Priolo's  **  History  of  France  under 
Mazarine,"  1671,  several  passages  are 
bracketed,  for  instance  the  explanation  of 
the  tax  on  herediUry  offices,  called  '*  The 
Statute  of  Paulet,"  at  p.  91.  *'  [Peti/e/ 
under  Henry  IV.  was  the  inventor  of  that 
device.  Before  Francis  I.  poblick  charges 
were  not  bought  and  sold,  but  were  the 
rewards  of  Vertue.] ' '  Are  these  passages 
interpolations  of  the  tranalator's,  or  notes 
transferred  to  the  text  ? 

A  monument  erected  in  the  burial 
mund  of  Chelsea  Old  Church,  by  the 
Fellows  of  the  Linnean  and  Horticultural 
Soeieties,  in  1815,  to  the  memory  of 
Philip  Miller,  for  many  years  curator  of 
the  Chelsea  Botanic  Garden,  having  fallen 
much  into  decay,  has  been  restored  by 
means  of  a  similar  subscription,  aided 
chiefly  by  Dr.  Iliff.  An  engraving  of  it 
was  published  in  tbe  Gentiemah's  Maga- 
zine for  November,  1815. 

We  beg  to  decline  tbe  metrical  version 
of  the  legend  of  tha  Worm  of  Lambton. 

Erratum.^?,  207.  The  Ute  Rev.  Wil- 
liam Procter,  Vicar  of  Bishop's  Burton. 
was  a  different  person  from  the  Fellow  of 
Catharine  hall  and  Perp.  Curate  of  Dod- 
dington,  who  is  still  living. 


THE 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


▲KD 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 


THE  GRENYILLE  CORRESPONDENCE. 

The  Orenville  Papers  :  being  the  Correspondence  of  Richard  Grenville,  Earl  Temple, 
K.6.  and  the  Rt.  Hon.  George  Grenville,  their  Friends  and  Contemporaries.  Now 
first  published  from  the  original  MSS.  formerly  preserved  at  Stowe.  Edited,  wit(l 
Notes,  by  William  James  Smith,  Esq.  formerly  Librarian  at  Stowe.  4  toIs.  8fo. 
Murray. 


WE  were  prevented  by  an  accident 
from  noticing  the  publication  of  the 
first  and  second  volumes  of  this  import- 
ant work  at  the  time  of  their  publica- 
tion— in  1852,  and  have  now  there- 
fore to  treat  of  the  whole  book  as  it 
stands  before  us  complete  in  four 
volumes.  And,  first,  let  us  saj  that 
it  is  well  edited.  The  third  volume 
contains,  as  we  shall  have  to  notice 
hereaAer,  a  special  treatise  written  by 
the  editor  upon  one  particular  subject ; 
but,  besides  that,  the  rest  of  the  book 
is  full  of  convincing  evidences  of  Mr. 
Smithes  editorial  care  and  skill.  The 
notes  would  have  been  more  satisfac- 
tory if  the  editor  had  not  indulged,  in 
the  course  of  them,  in  political  illus- 
tration and  inference  often  of  a  very 
decided  party  character ;  still  they  are 
replete  with  information,  and  in  many 
cases  i{  is  just  the  kind  of  information 
required  for  the  proper  illustration  of 
the  documents. 

The  Grenvilles  are  a  family  of  con- 
siderable lintiquity.  They  are  said  to 
have  been  seated  at  Wotton  in  Bucks, 
from  the  reign  of  Henry  I.,  and  the 
lineal  descent  of  the  present  familj 
may  be  distinctly  traced,  we  believe, 
from  the  reign  of  John.  In  the  loi)g 
intervening  period  there  have  been 
amongst  tnem  many  useful  and  ener- 
getic men.  There  was  a  Richard 
Grenevile  of  Wotton  who  went  to  the 
wars  in  France  under  Henry  V. ;  and 
an  £dward  who  was  sergeant  of  the 


buckhounds  to  Henry  VIII. ;  another 
Edward  who  had  a  command  under 
Sir  Francis  Drake;  and  a  Richard 
who  adhered,  like  most  of  the  Buck- 
inghamshire men,  to  the  Long  Parlia- 
ment in  the  time  of  Charles  I.  An 
ai^le  in  the  church  of  Wotton  contains 
the  dust  of  many  generations  and  mo- 
numents to  not  a  few.  At  the  com- 
mencement of  the  eighteenth  century 
the  bead  of  this  honourable  family  was 
one  Richard  Grenville  of  Wotton,  who 
married,  in  the  year  1710,  Miss  Hesther 
Temple.  This  lady  was  a  daughter  of 
Sir  Richard  Temple  of  Stowe,  and  a 
favourite  sister  of  Richard  Temple, 
Viscount  Cobham,  Sir  Richard's  eldest 
son.  Under  the  patent  by  which  the 
peerage  was  granted  to  Lord  Cobham, 
his  sister  Hesther  was  the  declared  in- 
heretrix  of  his  title  in  default  of  his  own 
issue,  and  b^  his  will  she  became  also 
the  inheretrix  of  his  very  large  estates. 

The  union  of  the  small  estates  of 
the  Grenvilles  with  the  larger  pro- 
perty of  the  Temples  greatly  enhanced 
the  importance  of  the  former  family, 
and  on  its  occurrence,  Mrs.  Grenville, 
then  Viscountess  Cobham,  was  created 
Countess  Temple,  with  a  grant  of  the 
dignity  of  Earl  Temple  to  ber  heini 
male. 

The  Countess  Temple '  had  many 
children.  Only  three  of  them  are 
necessary  to  be  mentioned  by  us  at 
present :  her  first  son  Richard,  who 
succeeded  as  Earl  Temple  on  the  doRlh 


220  The  GrenvUle  Correspondence.  [Sept. 

of  his  mother  in  1752;  her  second  son  the  head  of  his  house.  From  thence- 
George,  who  filled  the  most  eminent  forth,  the  delinquent  was  cast  off. 
public  offices  in  the  earlj  part  of  the  And  he  was  not  merely  abandoned, 
reign  of  Greorge  III. ;  and  her  only  but,  unless  Lord  Temple  was  much 
daughter  Hesther,  who  was  the  wife  of  belied  amongst  his  contemporaries,  was 
the  first  and  mother  of  the  second  pursued  with  a  paltry  malice  which 
William  Pitt.  The  correspondence  of  rendered  his  loruship  even  amongst 
Earl  Temple,  and  that  of  his  brother  his  nearest  political  associates  more 
Greorge  Grenville,  two  separate  sets  of  suspected  and  feared  than  loved, 
papers  which  were  combined  at  Stowe,  Mr.  Greorge  Grenville  was  undoubt- 
form  together  the  subject  of  the  book  edly  a  man  of  much  higher  talent  than 
before  us,  and  are  of  great  historical  his  brother.  Launched  early  in  life 
Talue,  principally  on  account  of  the  upon  the  sea  of  politics,  through  the 
high  positions  in  the  State  to  which  influence  of  his  relative  Lord  Cobham, 
the  Grrenvilles  attained  by  reason  of  he  soon  became  deeply  acquainted 
their  family  connection  with  **  the  great  with  all  the  forms  of  public  business, 
commoner**  William  Pitt.  G^rge  and  was  looked  up  to  as  eminently 
Grenville  might  easily  have  made  some  qualified  for  the  office  of  Speaker, 
fijgure  as  a  statesman  without  the  as-  Formal,  stately,  regular,  methodical, 
sistance  of  that  alliance;  but  Earl  cold  and  unimpassioned,  he  kept  his 
Temple,  it  is  probable,  would  never  ground  by  dint  of  the  reputation  which 
have  been  known  except  as  a  wealthy  such  men  acquire  for  being  persons  of 
peer,  if  the  marriage  of  his  sister  had  solid  parts,  and  not  unfrequently  in  the 
not  thrown  him  into  the  involuntary  course  of  his  political  life  justified  the 
position  of  a  satellite  to  his  illustrious  confidence  of  his  friends  by  speeches 
orother-in-law.  The  two  Grenville  and  measures  of  unquestionable  excel- 
brothers  were  extremely  different  men  lence.  Conscious  of  nis  own  merit  and 
in  character  as  well  as  in  position,  spurred  on  by  some  ambition  and  a 
Earl  Temple  possessed  very  moderate  narrow  fortune,  it  was  not  difficult  to 
talent,  but  great  ambition ;  little  high  detach  him  from  his  brother*8  patriar- 
principle,  but  inordinate  pride.  He  was  chal  schemes,  and  in  1 76 1,  when  Mr. 
proud  of  his  wealth  and  of  his  rank,  and  Pitt  and  Lord  Temple  retired,  on  the 
oAen,  it  may  be  feared,  offensive  in  the  Question  of  declaring  war  against  Spain, 
use  of  them.  Ever  thirsting  after  in-  (George  Grenville  did  not  hesitate  to 
crease  of  dignity,  and  jealous  of  every-  advance  himself  by  adhering  to  Lord 
thing  which  came  between  the  wind  Bute.  The  offence  thus  given  to  Lord 
and  his  nobility.  His  political  import-  Temple  was  dire.  For  several  years 
ance  really  resulted,  as  we  have  re-  the  brothers  continued  at  variance,  and 
marked,  from  his  connection  with  Pitt;  Lord  Temple  exerted  himself  in  con- 
but  such  was  not  his  own  idea.  He  junction  with  Mr.  Pitt  in  the  most  direct 
supposed  himself  to  be  at  any  event  opposition  to  his  brother*s  ffovemment 
the  political  equal  of  his  great  bro-  and  measures.  Li  1765  the  brothers 
ther-in-law ;  and,  assiffning  to  nobility  were  reconciled,  but  the  old  scheme 
and  wealth  the  place  which  should  have  for  family  aggrandizement  could  never 
been  yielded  to  political  genius  and  be  again  completely  revived,  for  Pitt 
eloquence,  he  would  fain  have  made  was  not  fully  reconciled  to  George 
himself  the  head  of  a  family  band  of  Grenville  until  1768.  In  1776  Lord 
statesmen  (the  cousinhood  as  it  was  Temple*s  fancied  rights  as  head  of  the 
termed  amongst  his  contemporaries^,  Grenvilles  were  again  doomed  to  meet 
comprising  the  Grenvilles  and  their  with  disappointment.  He  was  sent  for 
connections.  These  were  the  men  most  b^  the  King  to  take  part  in  an  admi* 
competent,  according  to  Lord  Temple*s  nistration  to  be  formed  by  Pitt.  Pitt 
theory,  to  govern  both  King  and  People,  and  he  disagreed  as  to  the  division  of 
This  was  his  leading  idea ;  and  if  any  of  the  patTona^  or  rather  Pitt  insisted 
the  family  allies,  as  he  would  have  had  upon  retaining  in  his  own  hands  the 
them  to  be,  claimed  independent  action,  customary  rights,  in  that  respect,  of  a 
or  set  up  any  pretensions  which  inter-  prime  minister.  Lord  Temple  thought 
fered  with  Lord  TempWs  supremac^^  that  Pitt  ought  to  share  them  ^th 
his  offence  was,  in  Lonl  Temple*s  esti-  him,  as  his  brother,  and  the  head,  in 
mation,  in  the  nature  of  treason  against  worldly  station,  of  their  political  fijrm, 


1 8.53.  J 
protcaaiiig. 


The  GrenvilU  Corftspondence. 


■221  I 


le  Bnme  time,  with  Inao-  lection  of  the  letters  of  sucb  tMiople) 

it,  thiit  he  ghouliihaTe  running  from  1T42  to  1777,  with  the 

been  reailyto  share  them  vith  Pitt  if  the  addition  of  a  political  diary  of  Georn 

King  had  appointed  him  to  the  princi-  Granville,  must  form  a  valuable  ad(U- 

pol  office  in  the  admioiatrntion.     The  tion  to  (he  nmteriala  for  our  modem 

ditagreemont  waa  fatal.  Fitt  proceeded  historj.     Indeed,  amongst    the   maoT 


iThis  administration.  Lord  Temple 
went  into  utrong  opposition,  and  was 
currently  reported  not  to  have  confined 
hia  (ippoaitioQ  irithln  the  walU  of  par- 
liament.  The  administration  waa  as- 
■ailed  by  many  attacks  in  pamphlets 
and  newspapers,  the  violence  and  ran- 
cour of  which  was  greatly  increased, 
when,  after  a  little  while,  Pilt  again 
fell  ill,  and  the  Duke  of  Graflon,  sup- 
ported by  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  took 
the  lead  nmiinggt  liia  dispirited  and 
enfeebled  followers.  This  was  the  t' 


collections    of    documents    put   forta 
within  the  last  few  ^ears,  we  do  not 
recollect  any  one  which  is  more  really 
iin^rta&t.     We  have  here   the   nar- 
ratives of  two  parties  in  the  Slate — 
for   alter    their    first    separation    the 
George  Grenville  party  and  the  Pitt- 
Temple  party  never  altogether  cor- 
dially re-united — of  important  events  J 
in  which  thev  were  the  chief  acton|^ 
and,  besides  letters  of  the  two  Gren-J 
vi!le   brothers,  we  have  letters  froHvl 
George  III.,  frnm  Lord  Chatham  and  T 
of  Junius  and  many  other  writers  of     his  lady,  from  Charles  Jenkinson  tll4 
equal  bitterness,  although  of  iuferior     first  Lord  Liverpool,  from  Augustnfl 
talent.     Lord  Temple   was  suspected     Hervey,   the  Dukes  of  Bedford   atA 


..      Lord  Te    , 

to  be  unfavourable  t<i  this  discredit- 
able kind  of  warfare.  It  was  remem- 
bered that  he  had  encouraged  The 
North  Brilon  and  befriended  Wilkes ; 
and  it  was  an  easv  inference  that  he 
would  not  be  unnillingto  lake  advan- 
tage of  opponents  who  did  their  scrib- 
bling work  even  more  bitterly  and  more 
effectually  than  the  author  of  No.  .15. 
Some  people  did  not  scruple  therefore 
to  ntlnbute  to  Lord  Templeanii  his  con- 
trivance the  secret  information  which 
these  virulent  writers  oHen  displayed. 
In  one  circumstance  Lord  Temple 
and  Georse  Grenville  were  alikej  they 
had  excellent  wives  to  whom  ihey  were 
affectionately  attached.    Whatever  po- 


Grafton,  Lord  Sandwich,  Wilkes,  ai 
many  others  of  the  notabilities  of  thq  I 
lime.  Wc  will  give  a  few  example*,  M 
selected  willi  a  view  to  exhibit  ths'fl 
terms  in  which  the  leading  peopla  4 
whom  we  have  enumerated  coit»*  f 
spoiided  with  one  another. 

The  first  is  an  early  letter  from  Pitt  t 
before  hia  marringe,  and  on  the  ocoft" 
sion   when   the  death  of  Mr.  Felbam 
had  thrown  open  the  leadership  of  the 
House  of  Commons.     The   post   waa 
offered  to  Fox  on  terms  which  he  de' 
diued.    Passing  over  Fitt,  the  office 
was  then  given  to  Sir  T'homas  Robin- 
son. Pitt's  lelter  to  the  Duke  ol'New 
cuatle  on  this  aiTangement  is  the  one 
litioal  storms  might  rage  around  the     alluded  to  in  the  following  letter,  which 
coart,  Stowe  and  Wotlon,  which  last     was  addressed  to  Lord  Temple. 
WW  the  residence  of  George   Gren-  g^,^  „^^^  ^i,  175*. 

happy  homes;  "nd  when         ^y   d«r   Lord.-Not    being   able  to 

day,  I  beg  jour  brother 

'  '  ig  aeparatety. 


;  and  when 
their    mistresses    were    removed    by      „__ 
death,  an  oppressive  solitude  washed     Gei 


down  the  hearts  of  the  i 
bands,  and  certainly  hastened  the  foot- 
steps of  one  of  them  to  the  grave. 
Aiter  along  illnessMrs.  George  Gren- 
ville died  in  December  1769,  and  her 
boiband  on  the  13lh  Novvmber  fol- 
lowing. Lady  Temple  died  in  1777, 
berLord  on  the  11th  September  1779. 
Lord  Temple  died  childless.  His  bro- 
ther had  a  numerous  family ;  and  the 
title  of  Temple,  merged  in  the  loftier 
but  now  clouded  dignity  of  the  Duke- 
dom of  Buckingham,  has  been  con- 
tinued in  the  line  of  his  eldest  son. 

easily  be  imagined  that  a  col- 


-eire  my  tfaBoks  for  his  lEtter  In 
this  tu  your  lordsbli).  I  hope  my  letter 
to  the  Dnko  of  Newcutte  will  meet  with 
the  fraternBl  approbition.  It  is  itrong, 
but  not  bostite,  and  will,  I  believe,  ope- 
rate some  effect.  I  am  still  more  strOT^'j 
llted  in  m;  judgment  from  the  itite  of 
ihingb  u  it  opens,  and  will  open  every 
iIbj,  that  the  place  of  importancs  is  em- 
plojmenl,  in  the  present  unset 
juncture.  It  may  not  to  n«  he  the  phwc 
of  dignity,  bat  snre  I  sm  it  is  that  of  ihs 
roriDcr-  I  lee,  u  your  lordahip  dtm.  >!■ 
Crentment  we  have  had  :  I  feel  it  U  (■• 
hut  I  btJieve  not  so  vumly. 
suffer  my  feeUngi  to  waqi  tM 


822 


7%tf  GrenviUe  Correipondenee. 


[Sept 


1  can  form  that  has  any  tendency  or  mean- 
ing; for  making  ourselves  felt,  by  dis- 
turbing government,  I  think  would  prove 
hurtful  to  the  public,  not  reputable  to  oar- 
selves,  and  beneficial  in  the  end  only  to 
others.  All  Achilles  as  you  are,  impiger, 
iraeundut,  jjfc,  what  would  avail  us  to  sail 
back  a  few  myrmidons  to  Thessaly  !  Gk> 
over  to  the  Trojans,  to  be  revenged,  we 
none  of  us  can  bear  the  thought  of.  What 
then  remains  ?  The  conduct  of  the  much- 
enduring  man,  who  by  temper,  patience, 
and  persevering  prudence,  became  advertia 
rerum  immertabilu  undis,  I  am  so  tired 
I  cannot  hold  my  head  down  to  write  any 
longer.  A  fine  Secretary  of  State  I  should 
make.  Ten  thousand  compliments  to  the 
ladies,  and  warm  effusions  ofheart,  breathed, 
not  expressed,  to  yourself,  mv  dearest 
lord.— W.  Pitt. 

I  hope  to  be  able  to  set  oat  in  a  week. 
I  am  much  mended  in  my  general  health, 
but  not  half  a  man  yet ;  were  I  a  legion 
of  men  they  would  be  all  yours.  Be  so 
good  not  to  leave  my  letters  in  your 
pockets,  but  lock  them  up  or  bum  them, 
and  caution  Sir  George  to  do  the  same. 

We  may  compare  with  this  the  fol- 
lowing, written  by  the  same  hand,  to 
I^rd  Temple  many  years  afterwards, 
when  Lord  Temple  was  in  a  state  of 
depression,  occasioned  by  the  death  of 
his  wife : — 

Hayes,  September  24,  1777. 
My  dear  Lord, — Emerging  oat  of  a 
long  silence,  where  can  my  newly-re- 
stored pen  address  a  few  lines  so  naturally 
as  to  the  place  where  my  thoughts  have 
constantly  resorted,  though  my  disabled 
hand  could  not  give  expression  to  them  ? 
My  dear  Lord  Temple's  health  perpetually 
interests  my  mind,  and,  of  late,  with  too 
much  room  for  anxiety. 

For  we  were  bred  upon  tUe  lelf-iiaxne  hill, 
Fed  the  same  flock,  by  fountain,  shade,  and  lill. 

I  trust  the  sight  of  my  handwriting  will 
not  be  unwelcome,  and  1  shall  be  made 
happy  by  the  sight  of  your  lordship's,  if  it 
brings  good  tidings  of  your  health  and 
spirits. 

News  from  America  is  slow.  The  delay 
is  at  least  a  sort  of  protraction  of  our 
political  existence :  for  the  event  1  con- 
sider as  ruin  ;  be  the  victory  to  whichever 
host  it  pleases  the  Almighty  to  give  it, 
poor  England  will  have  fallen  upon  her 
own  sword. 

But  I  am  growing  too  serious  for  a  letter 
which  I  meant  to  dedicate  to  true  aflfection 
and  solicitude  to  learn  from  the  fountain- 
head  an  account  of  a  health  for  which  I 
shall  ever  form  the  most  sincere  and  want 


wishes.      I  am,  with  the  truest  affection, 
my  dear  lord,  your  invariably  devoted, 

Chatham. 

The  next  two  letters,  from  Lord 
Temple  to  Wilkes,  will  exhibit  the 
terms  on  which  they  stood  to  each 
other.  In  writing  to  Wilkes,  Lord 
Temple  sometimes  condescended  to 
indulge  in  a  slight  degree  the  impure 
taste  of  his  correspondent  by  a  vulgar 
freedom  of  lanjguage  and  occasional 
proftinity  of  allusion  of  which  there 
are  no  traces  in  his  letters  to  other 
people. 

Stowe,  October  99,  1761. 

I  shall  ever  be  happy,  my  good,  though 
wicked  friend,  if  I  can  contribute  in  any 
way  to  the  giving  you  the  least  degree  oif 
satisfaction.  Your  generous  and  discern- 
ing spirit  felt  as  it  ought  the  indignity  done 
to  a  man  who  had  deserved  far  other  treat- 
ment from  the  public,  than  to  be  con- 
demned on  bare  suspicion,  and  rolled  in 
the  kennel ;  what  amends  is  it  afterwards 
most  graciously  to  declare  him  white  as 
the  snow  on  Salmon .'  He  was  so  before, 
and  will,  I  trust,  ever  continue  so.  The 
burgesses  of  oor  ancient  and  loyal  corpo- 
ration literally  refused  to  drink  his  health 
last  Wednesday  at  their  club.  Can  your 
virtuous  capital  of  Aylesbury  hundred  hn^ 
of  having  shown  an  equal  detestation  of 
corruption } 

I  am  now  very  happy  here  at  Stowe, 
and  I  think  if  my  little  woman  took  as 
kindly  to  the  country  as  I  do,  I  could  find 
in  my  heart  to  part  with  my  house  in  town, 
and  bid  adieu  for  ever  to  all  the  infiuny 
that  flourishes  in  more  parts  of  our  great 
metropolis  than  the  hundreds  of  Dmry ; 
reserving  to  myself,  however,  the  bopea  of 
seeing  you  sometimes  here,  and  aaauring 
you,  which  I  do  very  sincerely,  that  I  am 
most  truly,  my  dear  sir,  your  ever  Csith- 
fully  affectionate  and  devoted,— Tsmplb. 

Stowe,  Sunday  night,  Nor.  21,  1768. 

I  set  pen  to  paper  again,  my  dear  Mar- 
cus Cato,  to  converse  with  you  for  a  few 
moments,  and  to  condole  with  you  that  a 
fresh  fit  of  the  gout  has  seised  Bfr.  Pitt 
I  received  a  letter  from  him  this  evening, 
in  which  he  laments  his  situation,  and  the 
unrelenting  persecution  of  that  end 
enemy.  He  was  in  town,  it  swiiai,  ts 
Wednesday;  but  your  intelUgenot  OOA* 
ceming  the  interview  I  should  think  Ml 
well  founded,  as  ha  doaa  not  hi  tW  iMl 
glance  at  It. 

I  ftndthey  bate 
culitiaf  (ha*  h» 


185d.] 


The  Grenville  Correspdndence, 


228 


ai  it  is  Ibunded  in  stabborn  ttictt,  which 
oannotbeeontroTerted,  and  they  are  ably, 
ooneisely,  and  most  forcibly  put  together. 
If  the'itorm  rises,  I  quit  Stowe  and  leave 
my  Abele  walk  more  than  half  cat  down ; 
the  finest  alteration  I  ever  made.  I  find 
by  the  publio  papers,  and  servants'  intel- 
ligence, tbat  Lord  Lincoln  has  resigned  ; 
the  encdoied  is  a  letter  of  warm  and  most 
cordial  congratulations,  which,  if  the  ac- 
count of  his  resignation  be  true,  I  will  beg 
yon  to  send  him,  if  not,  please  to  return  it 
me,  when  next  you  write.  Jemmy  is  here, 
and  all  Stowe  salute  you  with  the  highest 
applause,  affection,  and  esteem.  Adieu, 
good  night,  the  curtain  drops,  and  I  am 
going  to  sleep. 

The  following  is  from  Lord  Temple 
to  his  brother  George  on  their  dismis- 
sion, together  with  ritt,  by  Greorge  IL 
in  1757,  principally  on  account  of  his 
majesty's  personal  dislike  to  what  he 
considered  the  pompous  formality  of 
Fitt,  and  the  pertness  and  insolence  of 
Temple.  The  ^^new-fangled  nonsense,'* 
as  Lord  Temple  terms  the  administra- 
tioD  of  the  Duke  of  Newcastle,  which 
succeeded  them,  went  *'  to  pot "  before 
it  was  actually  complete,  and  Pitt, 
Temple,  and  Grenville  returned  to 
office  in  conjunction  with  Newcastle. 

April  4,  1757. 
Dear  brother,—  Little  did  you  expect  to 
be  called  from  all  the  dirt  of  Wotton  to 
the  cleanly  and  delectable  operation  of  re- 
signing an  honourable  and  lucrative  em- 
ployment, yet  such  is  your  hard  fate. 

Before  you  can  receive  this,  I  shall,  like 
another  Damien,  be  hanged,  and  drawn, 
and  quartered,  after  having  been  kept  alire 
upon  the  rack  for  some  days.     The  black 
funereal  Earl  of  Winchilsea  succeeds  me, 
accompanied  by  Lord  Hyde,  Sir  W.  Row- 
ley,   Admirals    Boscawen    and    Mostyn, 
Hamilton  and  Sandys.     Sir  F.  Dashwood 
has  had  it  offered  to  him,  and  Forbes  they 
meant  to  have,  but  the  King  would  not 
hear  of  it.     Elliot,  by  a  kind  indulgence, 
may  stay,  if  he  pleases.     Further  than  this 
is  not  yet   se&ed,   at   least   as   we   can 
learn.     I  am  to  receive  my  letter  of  dis- 
miwioii  to-morrow.    The  D.  of  N.  it  is 
itid,  remains  as  you  left  him.     What  to- 
iBOrrow  will  produce,  and  to-morrow,  and 
t%>morrow,  I  know  not :  I  only  know  that 
4)  telrfeids  mean  to  throw  up,  i  believe, 
A^  "nMin^Aj,  io  TOa  may  be  in  town  early 
m  «!  delightful  a  function.    How 
^  fo  pass,  and  so  forth,  you 
irell  as  I  do;  perhaps 
"tflit  has  writ  you  this 
Mmrday's  post,  and 
hk  kifttk  novelty 


to  recommend  it.  The  world  is  at  a  gaxe, 
and,  when  they  wake  from  their  astonish- 
ment, I  fancy  the  new-fangled  nonsense 
will  go  to  pot.  Love  to  Mrs.  Grenville. 
and,  my  dear  Treasurer  of  the  X  i  •  y ,  gooa 
night. 

Lady  Templets  amiability  is  con- 
spicuous in  her  letters,  although  the 
following  beautiful  example  of  it  would 
lead  to  tne  conclusion  that  her  stately 
lord  did  not  admit  her  very  far  into 
bis  confidence. 

January  12,  1775. 

You  have  left  my  body  behind,  but  my 
heart  is  wjth  you  ;  indeed,  you  cannot 
think  how  unhappy  I  was  last  night  to  see 
you  so  uneasy  :  if  anything  troubles  you, 
I  always  wish  to  take  my  share,  for  1  can- 
not help  fancying  what  I  bear  will  lighten 
your  load. 

If  this  ♦  •  *  ♦  ♦  should  put  you  into 
any  distress,  there  is  no  scheme  you  can 
propose  that  I  will  not  with  cheerfulness 
come  into,  even  to  the  living  at  Eastbury 
'till  Stowe  is  finished,  which  I  think  we 
may  do  at  a  much  less  expense,  more 
especially  if  we  come  to  London  but  for  a 
little  time.  This  is  no  grimace,  but  comes 
from  a  heart  full  of  sensibility  and  anxiety 
with  regard  to  everything  that  relates  to 
you ;  if  you  are  not  convinced  of  this,  you 
do  not  know  your  truly  affectionate  little 
wife, — A.  Temple. 

Lord  Temple  has  written  on  this 
letter  :  "  This  kind  offer  was  quite  un- 
necessary, as  my  circumstances  are  so 
great.** 

An  earlier  letter  from  Lady  Tem- 
ple is  a  good  example  of  a  style  of 
letter  very  much  in  vogue  at  that 
time.  In  the  present  instance  the  cir- 
cumstance of  its  being  addressed  to 
Glover,  the  author  of  Leonidas,  gives 
the  classical  allusions  something  of  a 
propriety.  Her  ladyship  it  will  be 
perceived  had  a  sly,  satirical  vein, 
which  she  did  not  hesitate  to  use 
against  her  lord*s  political  opponents. 

Stowe,  July  S9,  1766. 
I  beg  the  favour  to  know,  my  good  Mr, 
Glover,  whether  you  are  in  the  land  of 
the  living  or  the  dead,  that  I  may  guess 
what  you  are  about ;  if  you  are  alive,  I 
know  your  mind  is  wholly  occupied  with 
your  French  Mademoiselle;  but  yet  I  pre- 
sume you  might  turn  one  thought  towards 
a  true  English  dame,  who  has  a  real  friend- 
ship for  you.  If  you  are  in  the  shades 
below,  I  know  yon  are  trotting  after  Leo- 
nidas like  St.  Anthony's  pig,  'till  your 
poor  feet  are  worn  to  skin  and  bone  (if 
one  may  maid  use  of  that  expression  to  a 


224 


The  ChrenvUle  Correspondence, 


[Sept. 


•liade),  for  you  are  resolved  never  to  lose 
dgbt  of  him.  Good  Lord  !  how  I  should 
laugh  to  see  Melissa  paflSng  and  blowing 
to  keep  pace  with  you;  for  since  you 
have  been  favourite  and  first  minister  to 
Apollo,  she  licks  the  dust  under  your  feet, 
aa  Conway  did  to  the  great  Commoner. 
I  think  you  might  write  me  a  letter,  for 
letters  from  the  dead  are  allowed,  and  you 
may  be  sure  I  have  correspondence  from 
Elysium,  or  I  could  not  so  exactly  know 
how  yon  spend  your  time.  You  departed 
loaded  with  various  politicks.  I  hope  you 
threw  them  all  into  the  river  Styx,  for 
thej  must  be  useless  in  a  place  of  bliss, 
or  sent  them  to  Pluto  by  the  hands  of 
Mercury :  they  may  be  of  use  to  the 
jadges  in  the  trial  of  some  people.  My 
lord  insists  upon  it  you  are  dead,  or  else 
you  would  never  have  been  so  long  with- 
o«t  seeing  us,  and  desires  you  may  know 
he  loved  and  respected  you  to  your  last 
moment.  If  you  should  take  a  trip  to 
this  world,  pray  don't  come  and  open  my 
bed-curtains  in  a  winding  sheet,  with  a  pale 
visage,  and  a  taper  in  your  hand,  but  come 
in  the  evening  in  your  brown  cloathes, 
with  a  healthy  complexion,  and  a  smile, 
reading  Leonidas  :  be  sure  not  to  speak  in 
a  hollow  voice.  These  prelim  inaries  being 
fettled,  I  shall  not  be  afraid  of  seeing  you : 
nay,  I  csn  even  say  I  shall  be  glad  to  see 
you,  and  my  lord  promises  not  to  make 
use  of  the  broomstick  and  David's  Psalms, 
ai  he  once  did  against  the  Devil :  greatest 
and  best  of  manes,  the  rough  Spartan 
himself  not  excepted,  farewell.— A.  T. 

George  Greiiville*s  letters  are  the 
Tery  reflections  of  himself — all  busi- 
ness and  form.  It  is  not  necessary 
that  we  should  quote  any  of  them. 

We  now  come  to  that  which  is  cer- 
tainly not  the  least  curious  portion  of 
this  correspondence — the  letters  which 
it  contains  from  Junius.  Stowe,  and 
the  pajKjrs  of  the  Grenvilles,  have  been 
long  and  naturally  looked  to  for  infor- 
mation respecting  this  great  unknown. 
Rumour,  with  her  accustomed  boldness, 
vastly  magnified  the  importance  of 
what  actually  existed  there;  but,  afler 
allowance  has  been  made  for  all  neces- 
sary drawbacks,  it  must  be  admitted 
that  what  is  now  published  from  these 
sources  in  the  work  before  us  is  both 
curious  and  important.  The  letters 
are  three  in  number.  The  first  is  dateil 
'♦London,  6  February,  1768."  It  is 
signed  C.  Tiie  editor  has  not  ffiven 
any  address,  l)ut  the  letter  is  said  to 
have  been  addressed  to  Mr,  George 
Grenville.  It  U  endoned,  in  Mr.  Gr«n- 
I 


yille*s  hand,  '''  Anon^nnous  C.  with  Us 
enclosed  paper,  Feb.  6th,  1768."  ITii 
letter  was  written  upon  the  sappositioi 
that  Lord  North,  then  Chancdlor  o 
the  Exchequer,  was  about  to  propo« 
a  tax  upon  articles  sold  b^  mnctioii 
and  the  paper  inclosed  contained  argn< 
ments  a^mst  its  imposition.  Lon 
North  did  not  make  the  anticipatoc 
proposal.  The  promptings  of  C.  wen 
therefore  thrown  away.  But  the  in* 
closed  paper  remains  an  eTidenoe  oJ 
the  shrewdness  of  the  writer,  and  tin 
letter  is  not  without  interest  in  re* 
ference  to  the  question  of  who  ani] 
what  the  writer  was.  That  onr  rcaderj 
may  have  the  whole  question  befon 
them  we  will  transcribe  the  letter. 

Sir,  —The  observations  contained  in  thi 
inclosed  paper  are  thrown  together  aw 
sent  to  you  upon  a  supposition  that  Um 
tax  therein  referred  to  will  make  part  ol 
the  budget.  If  Lord  North  shonld  hav« 
fallen  upon  any  other  scheme  they  will  Im 
useless ;  but  if  the  caae  happens,  and  the] 
shall  appear  to  hare  any  weight,  the  anthoi 
is  satisfied  that  no  man  in  this  eonntr] 
can  make  so  able  a  use  of  them,  or  plaoi 
them  in  so  advantageous  a  light  as  Mr 
Grenville. 

It  is  not,  sir,  either  necessary  or  propei 
to  mske  myself  known  to  yon  at  prsMnt ; 
hereafter  I  may  perhaps  claim  that  honow 
In  the  meantime  be  assured  that  it  is  i 
voluntary  disinterested  attachment  tojom 
person,  founded  on  an  esteem  fbr  yoni 
spirit  and  understanding,  which  haaanc 
will  for  ever  engage  me  in  your  cause.  J 
number  of  late  publications  (falsely  attri< 
buted  to  men  of  far  greater  talent)  ma] 
convince  you  of  my  leal,  if  not  of  B] 
capacity,  to  serve  you. 

The  only  condition  which  I  presume  U 
make  with  you  is,  that  you  will  not  onl] 
not  show  these  papers  to  anybody,  bui 
that  you  will  never  mention  yonr  hivini 
received  them. — C. 

The  evidence  upon  which  it  is  taken 
for  granted  that  tnis  letter  was  writtei 
by  Junius  consists,  we  suppose,  in  the 
resemblance  of  handwriting,  in  the  ng* 
nature  C.  used  by  Junius  on  othei 
occasions,  and  in  the  similarity  of  styh 
observable  in  the  inclosed  pi4per.  II 
these  are  held  to  be  sufficient,  anditk 
in  consequence  admitted  that  this  l^tei 
was  written  by  Junius,  it  follows  thai 
Junius  asserted  himself  to  haTe  beei 
the  author  of  **  a  number  of  pahlica' 
tioQs" — probably  all  letters  printic 
in  newnpapers^-iaiteriQr  to  wt  M 


1863.] 


The  GrenviUe  Correspondence, 


225 


February,  1768.    The  first  Junius  was 
dated  21  November,  1768.    The  letters 
alluded  to  were  therefore  either  anony- 
mous, or  signed  in  other  pseudonymes 
than  Junius.     It  also  appears  in  the 
Chatham  correspondence  that  on  the 
2nd  January,  1768,  Junius  addressed 
a  letter  to  the  Earl  of  Chatham,  in 
which  he  professed  to  be  united  to  the 
person  or  his  lordship  by  a  warm  at» 
tachment,  and  to  have  always  enter- 
taine<l  sentiments  of  respect  and  vene- 
ration for  his  character.    Upon  these 
two  letters  we  ought  therefore  to  be 
able  to  conclude  that  the  "number  of 
publications'*  before  alluded   to,  al- 
though all  designed  to  serve  the  poli- 
tical views  of  Mr.  George  Grenville, 
were  couched  in  language  not  incon- 
sistent with  respect  and  veneration  for 
Lord  Chatham.    Letters  which  are  in- 
consistent with   the  second  of  these 
qualities,   such   as   that   signed   Cor- 
reggio  and  printed  16th  Sept.  1767, 
and  that  signed  Downright,  printed 
22  Dec.   1767,  must  either  be  pro- 
nounced not  to  have  been  written  by 
Junius,  or  Junius's  attachment  to  Lord 
Chatham  must  be  concluded  to  have 
been  a  feeling  of  very  recent  origin, 
and    his   assertion   of  long-continued 
sentiments  of  respect  and  veneration 
to  have  been  untrue.    These  are  points 
which  we  recommend  to  the  considera- 
tion of  all  Junius  inquirers. 

The  next  letter  from  the  same  writer, 
found  amongst  Mr.  Grenville's  papers, 
and  no  doubt  intended  for  Mr.  Gren- 
ville, although  the  address  is  not 
printed,  runs  as  follows  : — 

London,  3d  September,  17G8. 
Sir, — It  may  not  be  improper  you  should 
know  that  the  publick  is  entirely  mistaken 
with  respect  to  the  author  of  some  late 
publications  in  the  newspapers.  Be  assured 
that  he  is  a  man  quite  unknown  and  un- 
connected.     He  has  attached  himself  to 
yomr  cause  and  to  you  alone,  upon  motives 
which,  if  he  were  of  consequence  enough 
to  g^ve  weight  to  his  judgment,  would  be 
thought  as  honourable  to  you,  as  they  are 
truly  satisfactory  to  himself.     At  a  proper 
time  he  will  solicit  the  honour  of  being 
known  to  you :  he  has  present  important 
reasons  for  wishing  to  be  concealed. 

Some  late  papers,  in  which  the  cause  of 
this  country  and  the  defence  of  your  cha- 
racter and  measures  have  been  thought  not 
ill-maintained,  others  signed  Lucius,  and 
one  or  two  upon  the  new  Commission  of 
Tnde,  with  a  multitude  of  others,  came 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XL. 


ft-om  this  hand.     The?  have  been  taken 
notice  of  by  the  publick. 

May  1  plead  it  as  a  merit  with  you,  sir, 
that  no  motives  of  vanity  shall  ever  dis- 
cover the  author  of  this  letter.  If  an 
earnest  wish  to  serve  you  gives  me  any 
claim,  let  me  entreat  you  not  to  suffer  a 
hint  of  this  communication  to  escape  you 
to  anybody,— Q. 

This  may  be  taken  as  an  assertion 
that  certam  letters  signed  C.  and 
LuciDS,  I*  with  a  multitude  of  others," 
were  all  in  fact  written  by  one  person, 
who  wiis  not  one  of  the  persons  sus- 
pected by  the  public,  but  "  a  man  quite 
unknown  and  unconnected."  It  may 
also  be  inferre<l,  on  the  grounds  stated 
with  reference  to  the  former  letter, 
that  he  was  the  subsecjuent  Junius. 

The  next  letter,  like  the  others,  is 
endorsed  by  Mr.  Grenville,  but  the 
actual  address  is  not  given.  There 
can  be  no  doubt,  however,  that  it  was 
intended  for  him      It  is  as  follows : — 

Sir, — 1  beg  leave  to  offer  you  a  letter 
reprinted  in  the  inclosed  paper,  under  the 
signature  of  Atticus,  as  finished  with  more 
care  than  I  have  usually  time  to  give  to 
these  productions.  The  town  is  curious 
to  know  the  author.  Everybody  guesses, 
some  are  quite  certain,  and  all  are  mis- 
taken. Some,  who  bear  your  character, 
give  it  to  the  Rockinghams  (a  policy  I  do 
not  understand)  ;  and  Mr.  Burke  denies 
it  as  he  would  a  fact  which  he  wished  to 
have  believed. 

It  may  be  proper  to  assure  you  that  no 
man  living  knows  or  even  suspects  the 
author,     i  have  no  connection  with  any 
party,  except  a  voluntary  attachment  to 
your  cause  and  person.     It  began  with 
amusement,  grew  into  habit,  was  con- 
firmed by  a  closer  attention  to  your  prin- 
ciples and  conduct,  and  U  now  heated  into 
passion.     The  Grand  Councii  was  mine, 
and   I  may  say,  with  tiuth,  almost  every 
thing,  for  two  years  past,  has  attracted  the 
attention  of  the  public.     I  am  conscious 
these  papers  have  been  very  uuequal ;  but 
you  will  be  candid  enough  to  make  allow- 
ances for  a  man   who  writes  absolutely 
without   materials  or   instruction.      For 
want  of  hints  of  this  kind  I  fear  I  fre* 
quently  mistake  your  views,  hs  well  as  the 
true  point  whereon  you  would  choose  to 
rest  the  questions  in  which  your  name  la 
concerned.     But  this  is  an  inconvenieiiot 
without  a  remedy.     I  must  continue  to 
argue  for  you  as  I  would  for  myself  ioTth^ 
same  circumstances,  as  fu  as  I  uaderttti 
yours.    Until  yon  are  minister  I  iMUt«" 
permit  myself  to  think  of  Hm 
being  known  to  yoo.    Wktu 

to 


226 


T7te  GrenviiU  Correspondence. 


[Sept. 


yoa  will  not  find  me  a  needy  or  a  tronble- 
•ome  dependant.  In  the  meantime  I  must 
console  myself  with  reflecting  that,  by 
resisting  erery  temptation  of  Tanity.  and 
even  the  great  desire  I  have  of  being 
boooared  with  ;oar  notice,  1  gire  yon 
some  atf  orance  that  jon  may  depend  upon 
my  firmness  and  fidelity  hereafter.  [No 
signature.] 

We  here  advance  one  step  farther 
in  the  identification  of  the  writings 
of  Junius.  We  have  one  lettef  of 
Amcrs  claimed  by  him,  and  that  in  a 
way  which  lead^  to  the  inference  that 
there  were  probably  others  under  that 
signature  by  the  same  writer.  AVe 
have  also  a  claim  put  in  for  the  Grand 
Council,  published  as  loner  before  as  the 
22nd  October,  1767.  AVe  know  that 
that  \taper  was  at  the  time  attribute<l 
to  Burke.  It  aiipears  that  this  was 
also  the  case  with  the  recent  Atticus, 
and  that  the  real  writer  was  anxious 
to  claim  his  own. 

To  a  certain  extent  this  undoubtedly 
aupportA  the  selection  of  the  editors  of 
1812.  The  precise  extent  to  which  it 
does  so  we  have  not  space  to  enter 
upon  at  this  time. 

In  reference  to  the  question  of  the 
authorship  of  Junius  these  letters  seem 
to  load  to  some  conclu>ion  as  to  his 
situation  in  life  an<l  his  objects.    AVhy 
did  lie  write  to  Mr.  Grenville  at  all  ? 
Is  it  not  clear  thut  he  did  so  in  order 
to  lay  the  foundation  of  a  claim  to  re- 
ward for  his  advocacy  on  Mr.  Gren- 
ville^s  return  to  office.     This  may  be 
guessed   from    his   first   letter.      Ilis 
second  letter  had  no  other  aim  than  to 
keep  himself  l»efore  the  notice  of  Mr. 
Grenville,  and  to  appri>e  him  of  the 
continuance  and  extent  of  the  services 
of  his  anonymous  supporter.    The  last 
letter   distinctly   states    the    ultimate 
pur])<'se   of  the  writer,  and  w:uj   ob- 
yiously  prompted  by  the  desire  to  pre- 
vent the  common  rumour  respecting 
Burke  from  interfering  with  his  antici- 
pate<l  reward.     If  we  couple  this  con- 
clusion wit  h  the  humble  and  dependent  - 
like  style  which  the  writer  adopts  in 
addressing  Mr.  Grenville,  it  seems  to 
us  that  these  letters  go  far  to  destroy 
the  theory  that  Junius  was  a  {Mfrbon  of 
eminent  rank  and  station. 

And  yet  the  thinl  volume  of  the 
book  in  which  these  letters  are  pub- 
lished ctmtains  a  hmg  and  ingenious 
essay  by  the  e<iitor  to  prove  that  Lord 


Temple  was  Junius,  and  that  Ladj 
Temple  was    his    amanuensis.      We 
cannot  think  that  the  evidence  ad- 
duced establbhes  even  a  case  of  pro- 
bability. Lord  Temple  no  doubt  ahmred 
many  of  the  opinions  of  Junius,  and 
was    esteemed    by  his    political   op- 
ponents to  be  given  to  the  encourase- 
ment  of  violent  party  writers.     Sut 
Mr.  Smith  produces  no  evidence  that 
Lord  Temple  was  able  to  write  the 
letters  of  Juniu^;  nor  does  he  get  over 
the  impossibility  that  he  could  have 
written  them,  absent  as  he  was  from 
town  during  the  greater  part  of  the 
year.  Xor  does  the  comparison  of  hand- 
writing satisfy  us  that  Lady  Temple 
was  the  scribe.    All  probabilities  are 
clearly  against  the  amanuensis  portion 
of  Mr.  Smith's  theorv ;  and,  above  all, 
there  is  the  most  violent  improbability 
— so  violent  as  almostof  itself  to  amount 
to  a  refutation,  that  if  Lord  Temple 
was  Junius,   and    Lady   Temple  hia 
amanuensis,  he  should  have  written  by 
her  well-known  hand  to  Lord  Chat- 
ham and  to  his  brother  Geoi^e — not 
to  mention  AVilkes — who  in  allproba- 
bility  was  also  acquainted  with  Lady 
Temple's   writing.      Discovery    must 
have  followed  as  a  matter  of  course. 
The  answer  to  this  objection  founded 
upon  the  supposition  that  the  hand- 
writing of  Junius  was  disguised,  fails 
altogether ;  for  it  is  between  the  prc- 
sumeil  disguised  hand  of  Junius  and 
the  ordinary   hand   of  Lady  Temple 
that  the  resemblance  is  thought  to  be 
perceive<l.     Mr.  Smith  has  argued  his 
case  with  great  ingenuity   and   good 
feeling,  an«l  has  sought  for  presumed 
resemblances  of  style  and  phrase  with 
diligence  the  most  commendable,  but 
for  ourselves  we  must  avow  that  we 
are  entirely  unconvincetl. 

AVe  have  said  that  Mr.  Smith  has 
not  adduciMl  any  evidence  that  Lord 
Tenifilc  had  the  ability  to  write  the 
letters  of  Junius: — let  us  not  Ih?  mis- 
understWKl.  We  are  of  those  who 
<leem  those  letters  to  be  most  striking 
examples  of  epigrammatic  |H)int  and 
force.  In  style  thev  are  distinguished 
by  most  admirable  strenijih  and  energy ; 
in  arjjument  thev  are  highly  acute  and 
clever.     But  whilst  we  give  them  this 

J>raise,  which  is  their  due,  we  are  no 
ess  clear  that  in  substance  they  are 
most  perniciously  false  and  exagge- 
rated.    There  are  passages  in  Junius 


1853.]      The  Byzantine  Ccesars  of  the  Iccnoclastic  Period.  237 


which  it  would  be  indeed  surprising  to 
have  ultimately  proved  to  have  ^en 
written  by  any  statesman  or  gentleman 
accustomed  to  mix  in  public  business. 
Such  wicked  exaggerations  may  have 
been  written  by  a  person  striving  to  pro- 
duce an  effect  for  selfish  purposes,  but 
could  never  have  proceeded  from  a 
gentleman  who  had  held  high  office  in 
the  state,  and  been  taught  carefulness 
in  the  use  of  language,  and  proper 
appreciation  of  his  opponents,  by  the 
transaction  of  official  business. 

Much  as  we  have  exceeded  our  as- 
signed limits,  we  cannot  come  to  an  end 
without  again  giving  a  word  of  com- 


mendation to  this  book  as  a  whole. 
The  Chatham  correspondence,  the 
Bedford,  and  the  Rockingham  —  all 
highly  valuable  collections — had  gone 
far  to  place  our  knowledge  of  the 
transactions  of  George  II.  and  the 
opening  years  of  George  III.  upon  the 
sound  ioundation  of  documentary  evi- 
dence. This  book  is  a  most  valuable 
addition,  in  some  respects  even  more 
valuable  than  those  we  have  named, 
to  our  information  respecting  the  same 
period.  We  want  the  papers  of  Lord 
Bute  and  the  diary  of  the  Duke  of 
Grafkon,  mentioned  by  Lord  Mahon, 
to  render  the  series  complete. 


THE  BYZANTINE  CAESARS  OP  THE  ICONOCLASTIC  PERIOD. 


IT  is  not  to  all  the  Cssars  who 
reigned  in  Byzantium  that  can  be 
properly  applied  the  term  **  Byzantine 
Csesars.  When  Constantine  plante<l 
the  imperial  laharum  in  the  eastern 
city  his  voice  was  still  heard  in  poten- 
tial echoes  on  the  banks  of  the  Tiber. 
In  the  lieutenants  and  exarchs  of  sub- 
sequent emperors  Italy  recognised  the 
shadows  of  their  distant  sovereign 
lords.  When  this  obedience  ceased 
to  be  rendered,  and  the  Italians  at  the 
bidding  of  the  Vatican  threw  off,  for 
ever,  the  lingering  allegiance  they  had 
hitherto  paid  to  the  weak  and  rapidly- 
succeeding  masters  who  rose  to  and 
fell  from  the  throne  in  Constantinople, 
then  the  Caesars  ceased  to  be  Roman 
and  became  exclusively  Byzantine. 
The  first  on  the  list  was  the  Asiatic 
Conon,  known,  not  disreputably,  to 
fame  as  Leo  the  Isaurian. 

The  father  of  Conon  was  a  wealthy 
grazier  of  Armenia,  who,  being  des- 
poiled by  the  Saracens,  emigrated  with 
nis  wife  and  son  to  Mesembria  in 
Thrace.  The  boy  is  said  to  have  en- 
tered Europe  with  a  presentiment  of 
his  future  greatness.  lie  had,  in  the 
days  of  the  evil  fortunes  of  his  house, 
been  humbly  engaged  as  a  pedlar.  On 
one  occasion  he  had  turned  loose  the 
ass  that  bore  his  stock  in  trade,  and 
sat  himself  down  in  the  evening  shade 
cast  from  St.  Theodore^s  chapel,  to 
count  his  gains,  consume  a  frugal  meal, 
and  be  thankful  for  the  money  in  his 
punc  and  the  pedlar*s  fare  in  his  wal- 


let. At  this  juncture  he  was  seen  by 
two  Jewish  fortune-tellers,  with  acute 
visions  for  a  dupe.  They  told  the 
wondering  boy  that  Heaven  had  des- 
tined him  for  the  Byzantine  throne, 
and  that  all  required  of  him  by  them 
or  Heaven  in  return  was  a  solemn  pro- 
mise that  he  would  suppress  idolatry 
in  the  church  and  break  the  idols. 
Conon  did  not  pause  to  question  the 
bearers  of  such  good  tidings  as  to  how 
Jews  could  become  interested  in  the 
purification  of  the  Christian  church — 
he  was  too  well  bred  and  too  highly 
pleased.  He  promised  all  that  was 
asked  of  him.  At  a  later  period  his 
sire,  again  grown  rich,  presented  Jus- 
tinian II.  with  such  aid  for  the  reco- 
very of  his  throne  as  an  emperor  at 
the  head  of  a  hungry  army  could  find 
in  five  hundred  fat  sheep ;  and  when 
the  gift  was  acknowledged  by  the  ap- 
pointment of  Conon  to  the  rank  of 
Spatharios,  and  the  favour  of  the  Cssar 
raised  the  courageous  young  officer  to 
the  command  of  the  Anatolian  legions, 
the  ex-pedler  probably  felt  like  Mac- 
beth— a  welcome  ante*  past  of  the  "  all 
hail !  **  hereafter. 

The  perilous  greatness  came,  and 
was  right  worthily  earned.  Some  half 
dozen  emperors  had  in  the  course  of  a 
score  of  years  scaled  the  same  imperial 
heights  only  to  be  bloodily  dashed 
therefrom.  Anarchy  was  in  the  capital, 
terror  in  the  provinces,  the  Saracen 
was  on  the  frontiers,  and  ruin  was 
everywhere.  The  prophet  had  declared 


iiiS  7'Ac  I^uiiHtfUfT  r.,,tii>  i.f'fhr  L'onncfajftic  Period.       [Sept. 

ih:ii    !  :.::x. :•..><   w.uM    !v   iiwir.Uxl  tsm-ple.     But  sincerity  is  not  necea- 

lor  tho  ?.r.s  v^i"  i);o  '.'.v^:  :iriuv  ih:i:  .aj^-  ^d^i!v  wi<.ioiii ;  ami  Leo,  with  Asiatic 

surx'.vilio.::N  ot;:uA\r>.ii;.    I'iu*  <  •:.>  And    cojum.m -sense    feelings    ajrainst 

oi   l>b.:;;  w.:.-  .^n  iholr  .;ro.;  :!\sl  «  ...  iu:..,'.s.  .aid  ashame^l  at  heart  bv  tne 

u»  -iiu  :;..«  r/r.  r.  «.:vi;  : ;.:  i\  :;  •.  r. :  ■     ..  !iJ5  iim;::at  his  iK-ople by  >ara- 

ho'..\v:.r«..:-.-   l.i.».i:-.-.  .;:•;. -Avi  i-.v..  i , :;  i:..;  ioU  t-nUTOil  uiKin  thai  course 

in  \\.c  ii.  ::i'<:  .m  i':..  ■:■  >•.;,. vv>,  vKi'..;'...:  .^t"  ro:-  r:u  whKh  earne<l  for  hiiu,  ami 

than  .1:  A...  V  .i-  .  ;:.  ■  ■- .  >n  n  Ar:"o:..;i.  f  r  tl.o  Isauriau  dynastjr,  the  siguifi- 

:i:i.:  l..:\::^  «.    .  ,j  ;i  \  =  .:.rv  .x  >:  ..  o.int  n.une  of  loontKrlasts.     He  began 

iri.;v:%  .1-.:  ::;::.:.  ;   Mr.si  :;;.;r.:;.  :  u:  si.r..tjlv.    Some  of  mv  readers  who 

iv^  C  .>:...  v.uj  \\  x.;::   v.;^  ;■  v  -.v.r  h.i*o  Ivva  m  St.  Stephen's,    >  icnna, 

l-uj^^v;   ll.,v:.>:.;x  III  ii*.  ..':v.  :  ..>\v.  ii-.;it  r-.::K*!MUT  ihe  picture  of  the  Ke- 

..::i^  ..^x: -J  ::::.^^:  wx  i;  •:  U:   vi  .V  i;.0::.r.  ?u>t  within  the  walls,  and  may 

I..  :';:.•  ..:;..  .:.:  i:    >:     >•■•..  ^x,.^  luvc  ?.:•.!  :^n1  xT  si^'hetl  at  seeing  it  in 

.r.'x\    I  1  :':  :\     %  ■.■..'  :  .::  .:/,.."  I :•..-  r:j;i   o  ur>e   uf  uUiteration    by   the 

;^  r .:  •  . :  U.  \  :  '  xi>5v*s  ^ :  aW  whv^  p:iss  it  on  their  way 

I     X  u  .-     -   :::.'    I.iv  o:  v..r  I...  ;v  :o  ;:io  a*.:  ir.  Similar  customs  prevailed 

\.iv  :::.  .;-  \  ::.-.\  t!  .it  ..  .\  ili.    ^*i  :•  in  ;bc  l^r^.k  ohurch,  and  Leo  at  once 

ur'vz^»'.\    •.i,r;.:,;;'^i\-;x:.:::  ■   •>•..-  .'n:cr-.<.l  il.e  who!o  of  the   pictures  to 

u:-,>  •■..\i./..' A«a:v  ;:■.  ,•  l..^^  :V..  ■/..  a;  :*»   r..:>*^i    ;.S:ve    iho   ki«ing    height. 

:•.;:;.■.«..>:!.!;:.-  -vrv  .  :  "V.  i^:\, ::.:  i"  :■  j::j::o:i  >e2ied  ihc '*ortho- 


\      m       % 


B ^   .. r : : ::  i*  :V . •  ^ s .      V\\.  \     .'..'«.  \ ,  7,  ».:  x .".»■... ^  »':: v n .  on  a  s* ubsoquen t  oc- 

': \ ::  c  r  r.  .»>.:.  5  : o  U  ^ ;',..,  .. '.  ■.';•.  ■/.  : '. .«  c  i> "  /  r. .  j. :•■  '.:'-: I v  H al  otiicer  ascended  a 

: :  V>    i ::    t  h ^'     r .;  \  \- .      1 1  ^    '^ .  1 .-..:; .:  U i •  Ic r  : .^  ^ i  *:  r  ^y  a  brazen  figure,  the 

Jc: . r ..'    :" : :  0  ^ . i ;. . :  i ".  .-. ^•.•.  i; ^ :  : ■ ,  * .; ,■  -  »^\ ; ..v;   o :"  over- zealous   w orr^hi p,   the 

V  i-s* i  \  V  .'.»...'.:>  .  V  :  i  ;  C  . !  : '  i  M  -\  •  v !  r  v^  .^*  v :  C** i. *i ^r.  tinople  toppled  the 

w    .   •  :■   :    :'.   '.::.•  ;,  ;•  i'.-.v.  v..:  r  .-.  wr.  frv^m  his  airy  height. 


k  -  S  •        I 


>>.:'  .\  : ^  ■..:■',:*; vc  ".  V .:. ^  a:- . i  ; -■."•. :  \  A  h = :a  t -^  deat h  beneath 
-V v.: >:.■:..'.";  :.^  ::.c '.  \>x  :  .:^  .-:  'jVA^v  i::*.'?  .  r:h  ;  x  :\".:.  The  •Ircree  of  the 
v..^  L    ::.."•.    .".    ^"   ..>    .':    *..  w    '/...vio     c*.::'.vr  7  :.  r  ;I:.-  r.i:>:ra!i»>n  of  all  his 


.  \   .  ...      i^^Nft 


11,%:,:  i:;- "  ^  > ..   \  ■  :  >  .  x : . :  .■»:  soarovly  «o  much 

.  N-  ,i ■.•'.%  >>• :  j; ,  1. ,  r..I  . '   :«.;:•   :: .     I-^-o  d? >re^*urtJed 

;r..  v.vi-.ir:  r.;". ?*•.:.  a:  .:.  amid  his  con- 
's^ ".:.»:  i  .^  :•     :   : ::  ■:  a r ;;;y .  an- 1  his  great 

\ .  V V ' .'. V  \  V.  ;  ;  '  . ; w  c ', '.  r. .  .:r.  ^ "  .Ji  -"  ":  :.  '.vs. :  l '.> : ri" J  ve  r clorms 

•-..••'■       ,..'7    %•;    :;.*-,:\  .'.>  -  :b.4'  b.,-  .a/.i'v  ..-.:>.«..  :  :.>  Uonio,  but  only 

•  -.■  <.-.':.  :V-.:v.v  •^.; -.    ...  w'.rv   ho   rj-.i  Kx^ketl 

■V  V  -^  .   v'.  .:-^/V,    .'    .-.x  ;  ">    .:  :.'..*      .        ■      '.t-^  ,r:7T  H.  *oourjred 

•.  -..    x.  .'..":■   .7 ..  .*  •.   %■-.■.   ":■.,.;    ^:  ^'-'t.i'S,   ;:i   one  of 

1.    v".     ^:    ••    ....-./..    m;.s  *:    .  -.          .1    ...    :    .    >.v\.;::  -sv:?-..   ha-l 

.  .7             ""  ; '      ■      ^■'*  "••*  >     ■    :    .     .  ■"     -      .:  *- ■     *"-""  ■*->  re- 

-.  •.    .         ■ 'x-^*.-,,  ■*               «    ..    >      :      ■     :.:o    C-ur^.b  *.*{ 

.....*.         ip     ^  •«                                 ..     .     -,                                  .».^         ■   •'      ••    _.     1^   "iTir 

"■*                                                                                     .*  «                                                                                                                                                                                                                          _■ 


V.  .         .\ 


%• 

N 


-      .•      I 
.   ,».  .       .      .       ^ 


\-.  r»  V-      .    .\- 


•  -x 


<  X    v   .  *     ..     »v'..  K  .>■•   ^  T  :.>  .  i7  :j.7^>i 

'i         "^--      *.■■.,     :  •:  .       .'.:-.:  .X  '.      .  :  *.  a 


.-....-..  V.  .      -■ 


1858.]      The  Byzantine  CcBiars  of  the  Iconockutic  Period.  229 


exarchs  that  the  Po  ran  red  with  blood, 
and  for  six  years  the  people  dwelling 
on  its  banks  refused  to  eat  of  its  fish. 
Leo  pursued  his  purpose  despite  de- 
feat, while  Gregory  excommunicated 
him  in  a  general  anathema  against  all 
image- breakers,  and  exposed  him  to 
the  daggers  of  orthodox  ^sasslns,  by 
declaring  *^  homicidos  non  esse  qui  ex- 
communicatos  turcidantl**  Gregory 
111.  was  as  energetic  as  his  predeces- 
sor. He  did  indeed  pay  Leo  the  com- 
pliment (the  last  time  pope  ever  paid 
It  to  emperor)  of  asking  his  imperial 
sanction  to  Gregory's  election,  but  he 
pronounced  Rome  henceforward  free 
of  the  emperor,  and  bestowed  political 
independence  on  the  ancient  capital  of 
the  world.  This  declaration  on  the 
part  of  Gregory  was  answered  by  Leo 
in  his  usual  retaliating  style.  He 
annexed  all  his  dominions  in  Italy 
wherein  his  authority  yet  temporarily 
prevailed  to  the  independent  patri- 
archate founded  by  him  at  Constanti- 
nople. And  thus,  in  this  famous  quar- 
rel, did  the  Eastern  emperors  cease  to 
exercise  influence  in  Italy,  and  the 
Italian  popes  to  enjoy  authority  over 
the  wide  dominions  of  the  East.  This 
occurred  in  733,  and  eight  years  sub- 
sequently Leo  died,  with  a  general  re- 
putation for  mildness  of  character  not 
unmixed  with  firmness  of  decision ;  for 
wisdom  as  a  governor,  and  unusual 
purity,  considering  the  standard  of 
morality  then  acknowledged,  as  a  man. 
The  orthodox  enemies  of  the  strong- 
minded  Leo  have  laid  to  his  order  the 
accidental  burning  of  a  library  con- 
sisting of  33,000  volumes,  and  the  al- 
leged throwing  into  the  flames  of  a 
score  of  professors  of  the  university. 
It  is  a  pure  invention,  but  it  is  yet 
believed  in  ;  and  Leo,  for  that  and  for 
other  equally  unfounded  charges,  has 
been  devoted  to  perdition  by  some  of 
his  pious  contemporaries  and  their  pos- 
terity. "  He  <lied  body  and  soul !  " 
growls  the  amiable  Theophanes.  "Aye, 
marry  I  "  chuckles  the  merciful  Baro- 
nius  of  later  days, — "nimirum  detrusus 
ad  inferos !  " —  "  thrust  down  is  he  into 
the  very  lowest  hell ! " 

Leo  in  his  youthful  days  had  mar- 
ried Irene,  the  daughter  of  the  Khan 
of  the  Khazars  :  from  this  union  of  the 
Armenian  pedhir  and  the  Tartar  lady 
sprung  that  Constantino  V.  whose  in- 
fantile feat,  on  Iwing  plunged  into  the 


baptismal  font  by  the  patriarch  of  Con- 
stantinople, gained  for  him  the  unde- 
sirable appellation  of  Copronymus. 
The  story  may  have  been  a  weak  in- 
vention of  the  enemy,  for  HelvetioB 
tells  us  that  the  name  was  applied  to 
him  by  the  orthodox  because  the  he- 
retical iconoclast  would  not  allow 
water  to  be  used  in  baptism,  but  an 
unsavoury  mixture,  the  stain  of  which 
will  cling  to  the  imperial  titles  of  Cod- 
st-antine  for  ever.  One  legend  is  pro- 
bably as  true  as  the  other ;  but,  how- 
ever this  may  be,  we  may  add  Amen  to 
the  prayer  of  the  patriarch  of  the 
"  Fudge  Family,"  who  expresses  a 
hope  that  Heaven 


will  preserve  the  throne, 


And  cushion  too,  and  keep  them  free 
From  accidents  that  have  been  known 
To  hapi)eD  even  to  royalty. 

Scurvily  indeed  has  the  able,  but 
somewhat  fierce,  Constantine  been 
treated  by  the  image-worshippers.  One 
tells  us  that  he  loved  unclean  smells. 
Another  records,  with  perhaps  better 
founded  horror,  the  assertion  of  the 
Emperor  that  the  Virgin,  after  the 
birth  of  the  Redeemer,  was  of  no  more 
value  than  an  empty  purse.  He  was 
"  a  spotted  panther,*  cries  a  third. 
"  Caballinus  I  **  image-hater  !  Anathe- 
ma on  him  I  exclaims  a  fourth.  "  Fly- 
ing dragon  of  the  serpent*s  seed  I "  is 
another  specimen  of  the  amenities  of 
his  foes,  ODC  of  whom  asserts  that  the 
most  acceptable  present  that  man  could 
ofier  to  the  Emperor  was  a  plateful  of 
the  noses  of  the  orthodox  !  He  slew 
children  out  of  mere  wantonness,  says 
Suidas,  and  oflered  human  victims  to 
Venus — of  her  who  is  so  called  "  quod 
ad  omnes  res  veniat."  And  all  this  in- 
vective was  poured  upon  him  simply 
because  he  abhorred  the  idolatrous 
worship  of  pictures,  denied  the  right 
of  any  mortal  man  to  the  title  of  saini^ 
and  derided  the  idea  that  humanity 
had  any  supererogatory  good  works  to 
help  sinners,  whose  private  stock  was 
not  sufficient  to  enable  them  therewith 
to  purchase  salvation. 

The  papal  benediction  given  to  the 
usurpation  of  Constantine*s  brother-in- 
law,  Artavasdos,  did  not  secure  success 
for  the  usurper.  After  a  two  years' 
struggle  the  iconoclast  emperor  cap- 
tured, imprisoned,  and  blinded  the 
orthodox  rebel.     To  the  ecclesiastical 


228  The  Byzantine  Ctesars  of  the  IconoclaUic  Period,        [Sept. 

tinople.     But  sincerity  is  not   noees- 
sarily  wis<loiii ;  ami  Leo,  with  Asiatic 
and    common -sense    feelintrs    against 
imau'e!«,  ami  ashume^l  at  hwirt  iTv  the 
repro^^djLS  lluiijrat  his  jn'uple  by  JSura- 
ci;n  intiilels,  entored  uj>»m  that  cour^ 
of  retorni  which  earneil  for  him,  and 
for  the  Isaurian  dynasty,  the  si*;ni6- 
cant  name  of  Iconoclasts.     He  began 
motlerately.    Some  of  my  readers  who 
have  been  in  St.  Stephen's,  Vienna, 
may  remend»er  the  picture  of  the  Ke- 
deemer,  just  within  the  walls,  and  may 
have  smiled  or  8i<;hed  at  seeing  it  in 
rapid  course   of  obliteration   by   the 
kisses  of  all  who  puss  it  on  their  way 
to  the  alfcir.  Similar  customs  prevailed 
in  the  Greek  church,  and  Leo  at  once 
ordered  the  whole  of  the  pictures  to 
be  raisetl   above   the   kissing   height. 
General  indij^nation  sezied  the  "  ortho- 
dox," and  when,  on  a  subsequent  oc- 
casion, an  imperial  officer  ascended  a 
ladder  to  destroy  a  brazen  figure,  the 
object  of  over-zealous  worship,   the 
viragos  of  Constantinople  toppled  the 
innovator  down  from  his  airy  height, 
and  trampled  him  to  death  beneath 
their  orthodox  feet.  The  decree  of  the 
emperor  for  the  registration  of  all  his 
male  subjeirts  excited  scarcely  so  much 
general  indignation.     Leo  disreij:arded 
the  censure  raised,  and,  amid  his  con- 
solidation of  the  army,  and  his  great 
financial  and  administrative  reforms, 
he  calmly  appealed  to  Rome,  but  only 
found  reproach  where  he  had  looked 
for  approbation.   Gregory  IL  scourged 
him  with  stinging  epistles,  in  one  of 
which  the  em)>eror  was  significantly 
reniindeil  that   the  servant  who  had 
slain  the  jiersecuting  Constans  was  re- 
vered  as   a   saint  bv  the  Church  of 
Kome.     Leo  replied  by  ordering  all 
pictc»rial  representations  of  the  Deity 
and  the  saints  to  be  destroyed.    Gre- 
gory retorted  appropriately  enough  by 
overthrowing  the  statue  of  Leo  in 
liomo,  and  by  blessing  an  orthodox 
maritime   exiHKlition  which  sailed  to 
Constantinople  with  a  new  emperor 
^Kosmas),  munitions  of  war,  and  phi- 
lip[)ics  against  the  Iconoclasts.    The 
ex|)edition  failed,  Kosmas  was  captured 
and  beheaded,  but  the  pope  stopped 
the  remittance  fn)m  Italy  to  Constan- 
tinople of  the  imperial  taxes,  and  such 
sanguinary   obstinacy   wiui  shown  in 
the  contlicts  which  took  place  between 
the  ItHllan  rcbcla  and  the  imperial 


that  ftirgiveness  would  be  awarded 
tor  the  sins  of  the  first  army  that  cap- 
tured the  city  of  the  Caesars.  The  sons 
of  Islam  were  on  their  dreadful  way 
to  ffain  the  rich  reward ;  but  Conon, 
heucefi)rward  Leo,  encountered  them 
in  the  hottest  of  their  success,  defeated 
them  at  Amoriuin,  in  his  own  Armenia, 
and  having  gained  a  victory  by  some 
trickery  and  infinite  boldness,  marched 
to  Constantinople,  shut  up  the  poor 
puppet  Theo<losius  III.  in  a  monastery, 
and,  |>assing  through  the  GoMen  Gate 
to  the  cathedral  of  St.  S<)i)hia,  was 
crowne<l  there  by  the  patriarch,  "Im- 
(lerator  et  Rex  I " 

This  was  on  the  day  of  our  Lady 
A.D.  717,  and  from  that  day  the  glit- 
tering and  querulous  Conhtantinopoli- 
tans  became  aware  that  Leo,  the  thii'd 
of  the  name,  was  the  king-stork  of  the 
Byzantine  frogs.  They  had,  however, 
better  reasons  to  be  grateful  than  the 
frd^  in  the  fable.  His  splendid 
defence  of  the  capital  against  the  suc- 
cessive assaults  of  the  Caliph  Mosle- 
mah  did  indeed  win  for  him  the  ad- 
miration of  his  subjects,  until  the  being 
accustomed  to  the  blessings  of  peace 
made  them  oblivious  of  how  those 
blessings  ha<i  been  [lurchased.  Having 
nothing  else  to  (luarrel  about,  they  set 
up  a  theological  question,  and  (quar- 
relled about  that^  with  all  the  bitter- 
ness which  is  proverbially  said  to  dwell 
in  the  most  bitter  of  hatreds — the 
odium  theoloeicum. 

The  Jewish  church,  in  its  passing 
phases  of  purity,  abhorred  all  aidf^  to 
devotion  in  the  shape  of  images.  The 
primitive  Christian  church  was  still 
more  particular  on  this  |)oint.  As  pa- 
gans joined  her,  [lagan  prejudices  were, 
however,  tacitly  yieliled  to,  and  too 
often  the  heathen,  in  adopting  Christi- 
anity, only  exchanged  one  pictured 
idol  for  another.  It  was  the  idolatrv 
of  the  Arabs  tliat  disgusted  Mahomet 
when  in  the  bl<H)in  of  his  youth  and 
sincerity  ;  and  when  these  same  Arabs 
were  won  over  from  the  worship  of 
many  gods  to  that  of  the  One  true, 
nothing  was  more  inexpressibly  ex- 
eeral)le  to  them  than  "the  aspect  of 
Christians  who  not  only  denied  Ma- 
homet but  derided  the  Deity  by  pay- 
ing service  to  pictures.  Such  ser- 
vice was  held,  with  certain  explana- 
l«inr  modifications,  as  orthodox  by  sin- 
cere men  both  in  R<iine  and  Constaii- 


lSo3,]     Tki  Byzautint  Casan  of  the  l^on4}t:-'iuHc  P-fv.'.-d.  '-i^ 

eiarL-bs thit  the  Po ran  reil  wiih  huWi.  barirlnoial :  :. "  '.'^  '.'.-i :  :^":i.ir'  m    :  *.  •" "- - 

ami  tor  six  jean  the  people  dw-ii;n«r  5T.in'.ia«  ;  1-. -J  ..'.■.- 1  ".r  _.•.-".-:■:;."■-■-'- 

on  its  lunb  x>!tii:ie<J  to  edc  cf  Ui  i?ti.  ;^?:i!:i^    a:r»t-.-i:.  .r.     ::'    i.-   .:  r.vu: :-. 

Leo  pa!>ae(l  his  purpo«  tit^pitti  ■!•:-  IIit  -^rory  llij.    ...iV-:  ".•:•:::  i  ■«"f:ii  :-• 

teat,  while  G.-vjory  exLTcimani'.'-ari^l  v-nrl.-.n  ■.:'  ::!•;   =-.:::-7.  :  '  II;:.vj:/ii 

him  in  a  genenu  aiuuiema  a^Ain-st  .ill  teila  'la  iLit  ".;:-  r.j^;  ▼!=   i:  I  ■-='-.  -'^ 

inia^-bn^Ri,  an«i  exprMieil  biiu  :.j  hloi  ■".v  -.1:^:  :7*ii:'i.x  '...-■Ti.iio  il.-i  h«- 

ihe tla^n  cf  onU«j<lox  aiiddsins.  *' J  r»iil«:al    [o.r.  *:\^z    "k   .il-i    "Z'.l    j--?"^ 

«It.-clarin^  "homiciii./!  o«"in  ease  q':i  crx-  w it. :£•  ^.  ..■•■:  '^r^-i  i-     upSru.  I'l:   in 

DiinmuQicaiijs  tan.n«iuit I "    Gre-j-.rj  uq>.it-. -rj  L."x:-r-. -'■.'.- •".i"'. -Tt  w :/...•':; 

IIL  wi*  a*  enerKti':  ad  hia  pr-jtl^^H---  w!il  ollr.j  "•:  tLr  ...     :r.i'.  *..'..:?  .:  C<'-- 

aor.    II.*  UiJ  in«ice»l  paj  L?j  :b»i  ci.tn-  --ar.ri!:-:  r  .r  -jv-.r.     »;:.  •  '..■■>-:■. ".  :?  \  r.  - 
jJimeot  (the hat  time  po;t  •-•v..-r  r-ii  i     :.  il. ".v  i-  -..■•..•  i-  •-.-  .  ■ -. .-r:  '  -.i*.  ii.w- 

it  to  eiaperoT)  wi  aaitinj  hia  ;;:ip*;rjl  rr^^  rr  :'..'.-  —- 1*"    ■  .  •»  .■  :_  ^.J  -  i '-  .l'"r  ■*  i.."^ 
sanction  »  Gregory's  clcctior.,  "..=1:  h-     -.L-   r.ri-.-r      :    *.. .-    \-  :r!-r.':      :    tho 
pronouDceii  Rome  h-^aceiunrir:  tr.-r     •■  F:/lj/   r\:...>.."    w'.  ■    v.\:.r'.??^:*   a 
i«f  the  emperor,  an-1  i.-est«iwi::i  p.jLi' i  .:il     b.  p«.-  :-  ^:  il .;  -"■::. 
imlejitn'ience  on  rJie  anoicL:  ..i: "ci;  :f  .      . 

the  worl^L    This  dccLiratl-.n  .n  :h<         .  " " '-    •^■■^•=^-- *   ^  ;-■'■-;,  . 

part  of  Gfcgonr  w;i-  ani^crri  ^j  Uo    p.\: \\  ::i:l ;;;. r".;; " ;. ■  V :; ~V ■ 

auhexe,!  aU  Lia  d-iCuinloLs'  in   ImIj         ^^^  =■  ^r .  -•  ^- -■.  ■ 

whervin  hia  aaihorty  yet  toL^pijrariij         >i.irT:lT  !:.:.»;  i  :.x<-  ih-j  ii\\',\\\.ii 

pr-ivaile*]  tj  the  Li'ic'peL«ier-t  pairi-     :n..:-x'..r'   iL-r-.c,    C-  n^^ar.t'.r.e     lo-.v^ 

arcbte  tWtiei  by  hiiu  Jt  Cor.'»:-nti-     tr-ACcl  ■  y  :Le  \-.i\  iz--w  ::-r::if'p»:r<.  l^"--' 

Dfiple.  And ihua.  in  laii  t'linoua  i-ijr-     t-ill?  u-  'iiit  li.i  :-v„"i 'i'.:'.'.v-,;n  -iiivl.''- 

rel,  dill  the  Eaatcrn  empcr -rs  lva^-:  to     An-.tL-r  :•.-.■  r:-.  '.v":h  :..r"..ii?   :^itor 

vsen;L«e  in*J-iea.:e  in  luly.  arA   thr     l--'ir.  i-.L   ii  rr  r,  •-■.■-  .i.-.^.:-::.-:;  •  t'  i\w 

Iraliaa  p-j>a  to  clI.jt  au:b.:.ritT  ov;r     En^r.-r.r    :!■.::    :::■-■  Virj'.i'.,  ..:"■.■. r    :l:-' 

the  wide -loialaionsV  the  E;«t.'  Tui:     llrrl  o:  ;!;.:  Kj  !v--...r,  w.:s  ■  m.  ^  :--ro 

w:curreii  in  73:5.  and  cLrbt  yoar^  -ui-     \jla^  tLv.i  :-ii  ^i.  :  :y  •.•.:•.>•. 

sviiueuily  Lw  dic-i,  wi:h  i  iti^.r.l  r-.-- 

putatiun  fur  miiiineai  «jf  eh!irj.i:t..'r  r.-.L 

unuiixcii  with  rinnr.esi  oi'  decision :  i.jr 

wisiom  &j  a  ji/Ternor.  an  1  ur.u-ual 

pur.tT.  wnsii.-riny   the  iian-Lird   oi 

rcoriIi:_T  :h=ri  .■::kr.'.wl."i-.,il.  ^s  a  nun. 

Ih..-&r:L>i'-.s  .....e::;:^  :.r"  c-..  -tr-':.g- 

Uijr.lc-i  L.-i  hi-.-i  U:  i  t'>  h'.r  ir-lcr  ti.o 

-;.■'.•' l-:r.td  burh'.r.j  ot  a  iiJ.r.rv  ■.•i,a- 

^^:':.j^tC^'»JT^IuMc5.  ar;l  iue  .^l- 

!^/ri  -i.rowisj  into  tii-  :h":i:-  u"  a      >'■..;.>-.  :i!:- 

'•-■■  r-.*  '..r  rT./.i*5.-.r5  of  th::  u:.:v..-r-"iy.      V-.-i-i:- — i:i' iu  v  wli.^    - 

'  :*  *.^.'*'"'^  itvcniioii,  but  it  i<  }'.-t      a.l«:.ir. .-  rj<  v.  :•.  .:•. 

!:-...,T»-: ;:.:  jr.d  L-yj,  for  ?liat  .ir.-iVMr      viv  -.".w  w..<  -j  .'-.i-.^  1 

■■  •-•::  •--i'i-swy  uriJ./ir.iit-i  •.•■iur_- ..■■!,  iiUi 


.  •--.  i.vr.-.  t:;L-  fiau.rhtor  ot  the  Khaii  Uiw.am.'*-       ^^        ^.^..l■   i  .-    ^^-   .,p. 

■■'•^-.rKUzarr:  iromtli;*  union  of  iho  i-r   1'-;   ■':''' ^'WiuvU-t  '''.'Tli'u-*    'K 

•*.- .-:.:.  j>.:!^r  and  the  Tariar  ladv  Mrn.:-:!''  ^'V.  \;.^..i.    .,u.l    ..^.u-oii^"*"'** 

':--*^.':i.^tG.u^timtino  V.  wlu.M-  in-  t-^*-'-,   ^'=;.;:,;.i       T.-  '''*"'* 

•  ^r-Uc  liAi.  ■  :■  L/in^r  pluniTod  into  tbo  '•'  vl''  ■'"'^ 


230 


The  Byzantine  Casars  of  the  Iconoclastic  Period.      [Sept 


ooDfederates  of  the  latter  he  was  more 
severe.     Even  prelates  were  paraded 
on  asses,  with  their  faces  towso^s  the 
tail,  and  borne  so  to  the  block,  where 
they  suffered  decapitation.     On  other 
occasions  of  treason  the  traitors,  after 
suflTering  amputation  of  the  hands  and 
feet,  were  dissected  alive  by  surgeons, 
and  Constantine  is  said  to  have  stood 
by  the  while  with  inquiring  compla- 
cency.   Yet  was  he  not  generally  in- 
human.    He  founded  colonies  for  the 
Christians  who  fled  to  him  from  the 
Saracens;    abandoned  a  certainty  of 
Tictory  in  order  to  save  the  sailors  of 
his  fleet  struggling  with  a  storm  in  the 
Euxine ;  and  once  [>aid  a  heavy  tribute 
to  the  Sclavonian  pirates  that  he  might 
purchase  from  slavery  some  two  or  three 
thousand  of  his  subjects,  who,  but  for 
him,  would  have  borne  their  chains  to 
the  grave.     His  reign  too  is  remark- 
able as  beins  the  first  in  which  an  ex- 
change of  prisoners  was  made  between 
the  Mahometans  and  Christians.     It 
was  a  reign  in  which  gold  was  plenti- 
ful, provisions  abundant,  the  emperor 
indefatiirable,  and  the  people  as  happy 
as  people  could  be  who  had  little  to 
contend  about  but    the   worship    of 
images.    On  this  subject  Constantine 
was  as  inexorable  as  his  father,  and 
the  council  of  Constantinople,  a.d.  754, 
not   only  proclaimed    image-worship 
accursed,   but  declared  that  the  art 
which  produced  it  was  execrable  also. 
Gibbon  is  of  opinion   that   many  of 
the  prelates  who  signed  this  decision, 
and  which  was  only  arrived  at  afler  a 
session  of  six  months*  continuance,  did 
so  out  of  fear  of  the  emperor's  wrath — 
a  wrath,   I  may  add,  which  usually 
visited  those  who  ventured  to  express 
unfavourable  opinions  against  the  then 
existing  union  of  Church  and  State.   In 
his  way  the  emperor  as  little  tolerated 
the  risht  of  private  judgment  as  did  the 
pope  himself.     And  yet  I  do  him  an 
mjustice  by  so  saying,  since  I  find  it 
asserted  by  Mr.  I  inlay,  in  his  recently 
published  "  History  of  the  Byzantine 
Empire,**    that    Constantine    treated 
many  image-worsliipping  heretics  with 
toleration,  when  they  appeared  to  him 
to  be  quiet  and  inoflensive  subjects, 
incapable  of  oiferins  any  opposition  to 
his  political  and  ecclesiastical  schemes. 
He  further  allowed  his  sister  Anthusa 
to  protect  heterodox  nuns ;  and  if  that 
princess  founded  the  first  orphan  asy- 


lum established  in  Constantinople,  it 
was  not  done  without  the  imperial 
consent.  He  was  the  advocate  of 
education,  and  set  the  example  by  edu- 
cating his  own  unfortunate  offspring. 
I  say  "unfortunate,**  for  of  his  five 
sons,  four  who  were  implicated  in  in- 
surrectionary movements  against  sub- 
sequent occupants  of  the  throne,  were 
first  pardoned;  for  a  second  offence, 
sent  to  a  monastery  ;  for  a  third,  suf- 
fered loss  of  eyesight  or  of  tongue ; 
and,  finally,  on  the  four  suddenly  ap- 
pearing, before  the  church  of  St.  So- 
phia, and  appealing  to  the  people,  they 
were  all  seized,  subjected  to  further 
mutilation,  and  shut  up  in  distant 
dungeons,  where  they  died  forgotten. 
The  patriarchs  themselves  were  gene- 
rally learned  men,  but  some  of  them 
so  bloodily-minded  therewith  as  to 
throw  into  shade  the  forked  lightning 
of  modem  polemists,  like  Dr.  Cahill, 
who  has  expatiated  on  the  **  glorious 
idea**  entertained  by  the  French  of 
extirpating  British  heresy  in  British 
blood.  The  Constantinopolitan  patri- 
archs too  often  delighted  in  blood  as 
much  as  they  did  in  books.  They  were 
not  all  cruel  nor  all  learned,  neverthe- 
less. As  a  sample  of  the  unlearned,  I 
may  cite  the  case  of  one  who  on  pro- 
nouncing the  name  of  the  Evangelist 
as  if  it  were  written  with  a  diaresis, 
MtrrBaiov,  and  on  being  told  by  one  of 
his  suite  that  the  vowels  of  the  diph- 
thong were  not  to  be  sepdt*atcd,  ex- 
claimed— "  Don*t  talk  nonsense,  my 
soul  utterly  abhors  diphthongs  and 
triphthongs!**  This  reminds  me  of 
the  **  Mors  Janua  Fito,**  on  the  tomb 
of  the  ^nurious  Lord  Kenyon,  a  read- 
ing which  was  accounted  for  by  Lord 
Ellenborough  as  having  arisen  through 
the  instructions  of  the  noble  miser  to 
his  executors  not  to  go  to  the  expense 
of  a  diphthong. 

A  great  change,  of  twofold  aspect 
and  as  diverse  ofresult,  came  over  the 
constitution  of  Europe  during  the  reign 
of  Constantine.  His  capital  and  pro- 
vinces were  depopulated  by  the  great 
plague  of  747.  A  Sclavonian  coloni- 
zation of  vast  extent  repaired  the  losses 
in  the  rural  districts,  and  thencefor- 
ward began  to  disappear  the  old  Hel- 
lenic names  that  sound  so  musically  on 
the  ear.  The  other  change  was  caused 
by  the  donation  which  Pe[)in  made  to 
Iwome  of  that  exarchate  of  Ravenna 


1853.] 


The  Byxantme  Caiors  of  the  Iconoclastir  Period. 

that  the  stor]' 


which  wns  uot  hia  to  give.     The  result 

uC  tbc  donation  wvs  rt  transference 
of  ufaodowj  ullegtnnce  on  the  part  of 
Ittiy  from  the  East  to  CliarleinHgne 
in  the  West.  The  Peninsula  wns  no 
longer  i>  portion  of  the  old  Honian 
empire  i  but  the  Const  an  linopolitans 
no  mor«  thought  of  reproaching  their 
dying  emperor,  at  the  cloae  of  bis 
reign  of  nearlj  a  quarter  of  a  century, 
fur  the  loss,  than  £ngland  thought  of 
blaming  the  accesBton  of  Vlutona  fur 
bringing  with  it  the  forfeiture  of  Ha- 
nover. It  was  acceptcil  as  n  matter 
;,  and  people  wnsted 


founded  g| 
fact. 

Irene,  in  her  primitive  private  capi 

city  of  an  Athenian  lady,  had  I 

remarkable  (or  her  gentleness  of     -.^ 

meanour,  but  she  no  sooner  graspodlB 

a  sceptre  than  she  used  it  like  a  battlo- 

axe  on  the  heads  of  her  enemies,  and 

of  her  friends  too, — naj,  on  the  im- 

Iierial  skull  of  her  own  son  when  the 
alter  opposed  her.  She  adored  images) 
scourged,  blinded,  or  put  to  death  all 
who  openly  opposed  her  love  for  idols ; 
noned  the  never-to-be-forgotten 
invened  to  settle  the  question; 


pKesion  of  regret  on  an  event  which  deposed  the  iconoclastic  patriarch  Paul, 

they  contemplated  with  supreme  in-  and  startled  all  Christfudom  cognisant 

di^rence.  of  the  deed  by_putting  in  hia  place  a 

The  four  years  and  a  half  reign  of  laymiin,   Tarasios   by   name,   who   as 

""  much  surprised  the  world  by  filling  the 


the  amioble  son  and  aucci^ssor  of  Con' 
Btantinc  Copronymus,  Leo  the  fourth, 
reiiuires  no  further  remark  than 
that  the  young  and  inlirm  emperor 
lay  gradually  dying  on  his  couch  while 
hia  terrible  wile  Irene  dealt  vigo- 
rously with  the  conspirators  nguinst 
liersick  hml,  and  that  on  ].eo'B  death, 
in  (SO,  she  wore  the  imperial 
IS  r^ent  fur  her 
old,  Constaiitiue  ^ 

«  the  report  that  Leo's  death     even  of  images 


office  Bs  if  lie  had  been  expressly  uo> 

thereto.     It  took  three  or  four  years 

to  arrange   the   preliminaries   of  the 

council  ("  the  second  of  Nictea,"  for  it 

could  not  be  safely  held  in  Coniionti- 

nople}.  but   that   council   bnrely   re- 

leath,     quired  as  many  weeks  to  come  to  half 

:rown     a  iiundred  serious  resolutioog,  the  chief 

then  ten  years     of  which  was,  that  the  worship  of  images 

Mr.  finluy  does     vius   an   orthodox   nroctice,  inclusive 

rlied  in  embroidery 


was  caused  by  poiaun  gracefully  pre-  on  sacred 

lenled  to  liim  by  Irene.     lie  dismisses  memorable  council — which  was 

also,  as  a  pure  legend,  the  story  that  nngcneralcouncit  of  theChurch.alL 

has  probability  fur  itH  recommenda-  nearly  four  hundred  bishops  attended' 
tinn,  luid  which  is  lu  the  effect  that  its  brief  session — content  with  this  con- 
Irene  troubled  the  repose  of  her  ico-  elusion.  The  members  ere  ihey  sepa- 
nnclxslical  spouse  by  keeping  images  rated  gave  a  xest  to  their  supreme 


idery  | 

nded^^H 


T  consort  by  such  a  j>ro~  entertained  iconoclastic  sentiments, 
same  author  also  rejects  Kome  was  delighted,  and  the  pope 
:onnting  bow  Leo  died  in  adopted  the  decrees  with  cheerfiil  ala- 
crity j  but,  as  Irene  refused  to  make 
as  hberal  restitution  of  valuable  church 
properly  as  she  did  for  her  people  of 
opinions  not  worth  a  liezant,  his  holi- 
ness declined  to  oHicinlly  confirm  what 
lic  had  slitiwn  hiiuselt   so  ready  to 

a.lnpt. 

But  Irene  turned  from  the  strong 

ond  not  over-refiiifj  language  of  the 

.  ,    ,  pope  to  marry  her  son  to  a  Paphla- 

tritnttivewaalbepuniithmonl;  "Anmns     goniau  lady  named  Maria,  and  sorely 


plague  to  li 
cess.  The 
the  story  r 
ennscqucnce  of  stealing  one  of  llie 
crowns  from  the  chureh  of  St.  Sophia. 
The  crown  alluded  to  was  that  depo- 
sited by  Mauritius  the  emperor  above 
the  httih  altar.  l>co  is  said  to  have 
worn  it  through  love  of  the  precious 
stones  which  it  contained,  l^e  most 
brilliant  jetrels  therein  were  the  car- 
buncles; and  »ec  (according  Ui  tin.-  pun- 
ning Cardinal  Baronius)  how  aptly  re- 


igitur  OirAuncu^,"  says  the  cardinal, 
"  ex  SBcrilegio  Carhunctdot  pariter 
puMUa  est,  et  hit  corenstus  eat  mor- 
tuus."  Baronius  therefore  believml 
the  riory;  but  the  same  therefore  docs 
not,  I  confess,  carry  with  it  the  con> 


against  his  will.  Rotmd,  the  eldest 
daughter  of  Charlemagne,  had  been 
destined  for  the  bride  of  the  sixth  Cnn- 
stantina ;  but  the  imperious  mother 
took  upon  herself  the  responsibilities 
of  a  breach  of  promise,  united  the  ill- 


Sd2 


Hie  Byzantine  Caesars  of  the  Iconoclaetic  Period,      [8^* 


ftBSorted  pair,  and  when  the  bridegroom 
exhibited  his  "temiKjr"  thereon  ^he 
had  him  chastised  after  a  simple  nur- 
sery fashion,  which  must  have  made 
the  CflBsar  feel  during  its  infliction  that 
his  imperial  majesty  was  necessarily 
looking  as  fundamentally  foolish  as  he 
was  profoundly  furious.  The  Armenian 
troops  rebelled  in  his  favour,  but  Con- 
stantine  had  not  judgment  enough  to 

{)rofit  thereby,  or  to  maintain  his  |X)pu- 
arity.  Ue  found  metal  more  attractive 
in  the  person  of  Theodota,  one  of  his 
mother  s  maids  of  honour ;  but,  though 
he  pronounced  himself  divorced,  and 
shut  up  his  first  wife  Maria  in  a  mo- 
nastery, he  experienced  difliculty  in 
marrymg  his  new  love,  or  obtaining 
for  the  niarria;:e  the  necessary  legal 
recognition.  The  disturbance  which 
resulted  in  the  state  would  have  lasted 
longer  but  for  the  cleverness  of  Irene 
— ^the  leader  of  an  adverse  faction.  She 
threatened  those  about  her  son  that  if 
they  would  not  surrender  him  to  her 
keeping,  she  would  assuredly  slay  them, 
by  proving  to  Constantine  that  they 
were  conspiring  against  his  life.  The 
double-dyed  traitors  obeyed  the  affec- 
tionate mother,  and  her  hand  was 
scarcely  on  the  throat  of  her  boy  than 
the  hot  irons  were  in  his  e^es.  She 
cruelly  plunged  him  into  blindness  in 
the  very  chamber  where  she  had  borne 
him ;  and  this  most  accursed  monster 
18  worshipped  as  the  most  virtuous  of 
all  the  saints  that  are  crowded  into 
the  Greek  calendar!  Heaven  itself 
frowned  in  manifest  wrath  on  this  un- 
natural deed,  and  a  darkness  of  seven- 
teen days'  duration  covered  Constan- 
tinople, with  such  terrible  attendant 
fatalities  to  hosLs  of  innocent  people  as 
might  have  sorely  puzzled  all  the  op- 
timists, with  Dr.  rangloss  at  their  head. 
The  beautiful  fiend  flung  her  son  of 
the  sightless  orbs  into  a  monastery, 
and  rushed  up  the  steps  of  the  throne 
to  experience  the  frantic  joy  of  ruling 
alone  and  irresponsibly.  She  stood 
erect,  with  a  fierce  promise  on  her 
brow  of  threatening  activity,  and  was 
preparing  to  enter  exultingly  on  her 
career,  when  the  dread  and  inevitable 
Nemesis  passed  over  her,  and  smote 
her  with  the  wand  which  touches  but 
to  paralyse.  It  is  a  fact  that  she  who 
had  for  years  been  struggling  for  power, 
and  was  not  unqualified  to  exercise  it, 
no  sooner  possessed  it  by  guilty  means 
•2 


than  it  became  tasteless  to  her.  She 
had  not  the  energy  to  contend  with 
the  Saracens,  who  harassed  the  empire, 
carried  off  the  citizens  into  slavery, 
and  dictated  the  tribute  which  Irene 
basely  promised  to  pay,  although  her 
abused  son  had  set  her  good  example 
in  his  ably  conducted  ezpeditioos 
against  the  Bulgarians.  As  tittle  had 
she  the  energy  to  oppose  creditablj 
the  conspiracy  formed  against  hco* 
by  Nicephorus.  Whiningly  praying 
him  to  be  generous,  she  descended 
from  the  golden -chariot,  the  four  milk- 
white  steeds  of  which  were  each  led 
by  a  patrician  eunuch,  and  she  quietly 
went  into  exile  in  Lesbos,  where,  afler 
supporting  herself  for  a  year  by  her 
own  handiwork  as  an  embroideress, 
she  was  summoned  by  death  to  abide 
her  sentence  at  the  tribunal  of  eternal 
life. 

Living  or  dead,  herself  or  her  spirit 
had  good  ground  to  exclaim  ^*  save  me 
from  my  friends.'*  The  most  faithful 
of  these  she  hoped  to  find  in  the  patri- 
cian eunuchs  at  her  court ;  but  this 
whole  class  was  so  demoralised  that  a 
popular  proverb  said  with  regard  to 
them,  ^^n  you  have  an  eunuch,  kill 
him ;  if  you  haven't  one,  buy  one  and 
kill  him !"  Dead,  she  has  found  de- 
fenders, but  no  one  who  destroys  her 
by  defending  so  completely  as  the  Ko- 
manist  casuist  Baronius.  I  cannot  but 
feel  surprised  that  this  defence  has  not 
been  noticed  by  such  an  accomplished 
historian  as  Mr.  Finlay.  "  If  Irene," 
says  the  Italian,  **  plotted  against  her 
son  from  love  of  reigning,  she  would 
have  been  more  detestable  than  Agrip- 
pina,  the  mother  of  Nero ;  but,  as  from 
the  testimony  of  certain  orientals  it  was 
religion  and  a  love  of  justice  that  moved 
her  to  do  this,  then  she  merits  our 
commendation,  even  as  the  sons  of 
Levi  who  slew  their  brethren  at  the 
command  of  Mo^'es."  It  is  on  reading 
such  testimonies  as  this  that  men  may 
well  be  justified  for  exclaiming  that 
true  history  has  more  startling  incidents 
than  even  lively  romance. 

From  the  hands  of  the  Greek  Irene 
the  reins  of  power  were  snatched  by 
her  own  "  first  lord  of  the  treasury, 
Nicephorus,  a  Seleucian  by  birth,  an 
Arab,  of  the  best  blood  too,  by  descent. 
This  transfer  occurred  in  the  year  802. 
His  success  aroused  jealousy  in  the 
soul  of  the  commander-in-chief,  Bar- 


1853,]      The  Byzantine  Caesars  of  the  Iconoclastic  Peinod.  233 

treasury  the  more  fiery  became  his 
temper;  and  the  loss  of  a  larjre  sum, 
which  had  been  easily  captured  by  the 
Saracens,  in  consequence  of  the  negli- 
gent guard  kept  over  it  by  his  favourite 
general  Leo  the  Armenian,  so  enraged 
him  that  he  had  that  hi^h  functionary 
and  dear  friend  publicly  scourged  in 
the  market-place ;  a  punishment  which 
in  no  degree  alTected  the  personal  re- 
spectability of  the  sufferer.  The  im- 
perial spirit  of  economy  and  distrust 
now  induced  Nicephorus  to  carry  on 
his  own  wars  in  person.  The  issue  was 
the  natural  consequence  of  a  Chancellor 
of  the  Exchequer  acting  as  Field  l|^ar- 
shal.  On  the  Bulgarian  frontier  Ni- 
cephorus was  slain  in  the  midst  of  his 
routed  army.  King  Crumn  made  a 
drinking-cup  of  his  skull,  and  his  sub- 
jects, refusing  to  acknowledge  his  son 
Stavrakios,  who  had  thought  to  render 
himself  acceptable  by  swearing  that  he 
would  in  all  things  avoid  the  example 
set  by  his  father  Nicephorus,  trans- 
ferred their  allegiance  in  the  year  812 
to  the  insignifi(;ant  Michael  Rhangabe. 
The  latter  weak  personage  was  olest 
in  something  better  than  a  fair,  a  wise 
wife,  in  the  person  of  Procopia,  the 
daughter  of  Nicephorus,  but  who  can 
hardly  be  said  to  have  manifested 
her  sagacity  by  allowing  her  husband 
to  purchase  empire  on  the  promise  to 
the  Church  of  undoing  all  that  had 
been  dono  by  the  tolerant  Nicephorus, 
and  to  ihe  people  a  general  remission 
of  taxes.  Her  own  appearance  in  front 
of  the  army,  and  her  commands  de- 
livered with  masculine  vigour,  raised  a 
feeling  against  her,  which  a  really  wise 
woman  would  have  been  less  careful 
of  encountering;  but  the  general  hos- 
tility was  far  more  intense  iigainst  an 
emperor  who  hid  himself  beneath  his 
wife's  mantle,  was  the  slsive  of  the 
monki?,  and  who  (juietly  allowed  cle- 
rical synods  to  make  and  unmake, 
establish  or  throw  down,  at  their  plea- 
sure. Let  us,  however,  do  the  Church 
justice.  The  then  living  pride  of  the 
Church,  Theodore  Studita,  saved  him 
from  committing  the  infamy  of  selling  to 
king  Crumn  the  Bulgarian  Christians 
who  had  taken  refuge  within  the  em- 
pire. Assuredly,  had  it  not  been  for 
the  abbot,  the  base  monarch  would 
have  surrendered  unto  death  all  the 
fugitives  who  had  sought  safety  and 
found  truth— or  at  least  as  much  of  the 

2  II 


danes,  who  made  a  bold  stroke  for  the 
empire,  undeterred  by  a  propliecy 
which  foretold  his  own  fall  and  the 
future  elevation  of  Leo  the  Armenian 
and  Michael  the  Phrygian.  The  lux- 
urious Bardanes  was  defeated  and 
captured ;  but  he  entertained  his  fate 
with  philosophic  decency,  and,  though 
deprived  of  his  eyes  and  reduced  to 
live  in  a  monastery  upon  no  other  food 
than  barley  cakes  baked  by  himself  in 
the  embers,  and  in  no  prouder  costume 
than  a  leather  garment  in  summer  and 
a  haircloth  mantle  in  winter,  he  endured 
this  condition  with  such  a  pious  resig- 
nation as  to  cause  wonder  why  he  ever 
desired  to  achieve  greatness. 

Nicephorus  being  an  iconoclast^  his 
first  measure  was  to  reverse  all  the 
Church  decrees  and  excommunications 
of  the  adverse  faction.  His  abilities 
as  a  financier  were  shewn  by  his  suc- 
cessfully levying  a  hearth-tax  on  the 
hitherto  exempted  clergy — a  proceed- 
ing for  which  all  clerical  parties  would 
have  united  in  excommunicating  him 
if  they  had  dared.  It  is  the  distinction 
of  bis  reign  that  no  man  suffered  death 
for  treason  against  his  person.  If  the 
offender  had  estates,  he  confiscated 
them,  and  imprisoned  the  owner.  If 
the  criminal  was  poor,  the  emperor 
simply  shut  him  up  as  a  madman.  His 
thirst  for  money  was  great,  and  his 
desire  to  retain  it  excessive.  His  re- 
fusal to  continue  the  tribute  which 
Irene  had  paid  to  the  Saracens  brought 
down  upon  him  a  devastating  war,  the 
result  of  which  was  his  consent  to  the 
most  degrading  terms,  and  the  im- 
position of  thirty  thousand  pieces  of 
fold  annually,  which  the  conquering 
laroun  wrested  from  him,  with  gold 
medallions  of  himself  and  sons,  in  token 
that  the  imperial  Csesars  paid  personal 
tribute  to  the  illustrious  Caliphs. 

This  matter  had  well  nigh  broken 
the  emperor's  heart,  and  an  attempt  to 
evade  the  compact  and  the  terms  an- 
nexed to  it  only  subjected  Nicephorus 
to  further  spoliation,  for  which  his 
victories  over  the  Sclavonians  were 
but  paltry  compensation.  He  sought 
to  make  the  deficit  good  by  levymg 
increased  taxes  on  monasteries  and 
landed  property.  The  experiment  was 
made  in  the  spirit  of  a  Chancellor  of 
the  Exchequer,  and  it  failed,  as  the 
experiments  of  that  official  often  do. 
ITie  more  slowly  money  reached  his 

Gent.  Macj.  Vol.  XL. 


284  ne  Byzantine  Cmsars  of  the  IconocUutic  Period,      [Sept. 


latter  as  was  then  imparted — within  the 
sanctuary  of  the  imperial  dominion. 
The  sole  military  triamph  during  his 
reign  of  one  year  was  that  doubtful 
one  which  he  claimed  over  the  Bui- 
ffarian  army,  when  it  retreated  before 
him  in  consequence  of  sufiering  from 
an  epidemic  which  Michael  declared 
had  been  sent  expressly  in  answer  to 
his  prayers  by  the  dead  patriarch  Ta- 
rasios,  who  had  been  but  recently 
canonised.  The  Bulgarians  soon  re- 
covered from  their  little  indisposi- 
tioD,  and  gave  such  convincing  proofs 
that  they  had  regained  health  and 
strength,  that  Michael  was  ^lad,  or 
at  aO  events  compelled,  to  yield  up 
his  authority  to  his  general  Leo  the 
Armenian,  to  retire  into  a  monastery, 
wherein  he  vegetated  some  two-and- 
thirty  years,  to  see  his  sons  share  with 
him  his  captivity,  and  to  feel  that,  how- 
ever great  his  capacit;)r  as  a  priest,  he 
must  descend  to  posterity  with  the  re- 

Eatation  of  being  the  only  emperor  of 
is  dynasty  utterly  contemptible  as  a 
soldier. 

Leo  the  Armenian  reigned  from  813 
to  820.  A  diadem  or  death  had  been 
the  alternative  forced  upon  him,  and 
in  accepting  the  former  he  only  tem- 
porarily deferred  his  violent  end.  The 
iconoclastic  quarrel  raged  during  his 
reiffn  more  fiercely  than  ever.  Decrees 
against  image-worship  were  issued 
only  to  meet  with  contempt  at  the 
hands  of  the  clergy,  who  bore  their 
denounced  pictonal  treasures  from 
monastery  to  monastery,  even  when 
death  was  the  penalty  for  such  dis- 
regard of  the  imperial  will.  Leo 
would  fain  have  reconciled  the  con- 
flicting factions;  but  his  proposal  that 
the  adverse  leaders  in  the  Church 
should  meet  in  conference  was  angrily 
rejected  by  both  parties  as  a  denial  of 
their  being  already  guided  by  Divine 
inspirations.  The  eagerness  of  the 
emperor  to  agree  with  both  parties 
obtained  for  him  the  name  of  "the 
Chameleon."  In  hopes  of  a  favourable 
result  he  called  a  council,  appointed  a 
new  patriarch,  Theodotus  Milessino, 
a  layman,  declared  image- worship 
abominable,  and  again  excommunicated 
all  past  anti-iconoclast  patriarchs  whom 
previous  councils  had  relieved  from 
older  anathemas.  This  was  the  only 
national  question  with  which  either 
Church  or  people   concerned   them- 


selves. Appearances  and  not  realitiefl 
were  the  subjects  about  which  they 
were  most  concerned;  and  morality 
and  honour  were  so  little  cared  for 
that  when  Leo  attempted  fruitlessly 
but  treacherously  to  slay  king  Cramn 
the  Bulgarian,  a  shinins  light  in  the 
church  declared  that  the  deed  would 
have  been  successful  only  for  the  uo- 
orthodoxy  of  the  people.  Morality 
was  assuredly  as  UtUe  cared  for  by  the 
image-worshippers  as  by  their  op- 
ponents; and  the  solution  of  every 
quarrel  was  conspiracy  and  death. 

Such  solution  brought  the  reign  and 
the  life  of  Leo  to   a  close.     He  had 

Siously  deferred   the  punishment   of 
lichael  his  general  who  had  plotted 
against  his  life,  but  whom  he  would 
not  send  to  execution  at  the  solemn 
festival  of  Christmas.  The  confederates 
of  Michael  feared  that  with   respite 
would  come  betrayal  of  themselves, 
and  they  resolved  to  purchase  security 
by  slaying  the  emperor.    The  latter 
was  as  fond  of  leading  choruses  as  of 
marshalling  hosts.     On  a  dark,  cold, 
Christmas  morning,  he  was  engaged 
with  his  chaplains  all  attired  in  furred 
mantles  and  caps  in  singing  anthems. 
The  sovereign  was  leading  the  sacred 
song** All  things  have  they  despised 
for  the  love  of  their  Lord,"  when  the 
assassins  rushed   in,  "blood  on  their 
hands  and  Scripture  on   their  lips.'* 
Leo  defended  himself  with  a  crucifix, 
but  the  arm  which  wielded  it  was  cut 
off  by  a  blow  of  a  sword,  and  his  cry 
for  mercy  was  answered  with  a  shout 
that  the  hour  was  one,  not  of  mercy, 
but  of  vengeance.     His  body  was  yet 
warm  when  Michael  was  brought  forth 
from  his  prison,  and  proclaimed  em- 
peror while  the  jailer  was  knocking 
the  fetters  from  his  limbs.     The  sur- 
viving family  of  Leo  was,  as  a  matter 
of  course,  driven  into  a  monastery,  and 
when    the    deposed  patriarch   Nice- 
phorus   heard   of   the  fell  deed,   the 
/>r{>«^  exulted  that  the  Church  had  been 
delivered  from   a  dangerous   enemy, 
while  the   more  impartial   man  con- 
fessed that  the  empire  had   lost  an 
useful  sovereign. 

Once  more  the  empire  fell  to  an 
Asiatic.  Michael  the  Stammerer  was 
a  Phrygian;  and  his  enemies  called 
him  horse-jockey  and  heretic  to  boot. 
The  chief  events  of  his  reign  were  the 
three  years'  civil  war  which  he  carried 


1353.]      The  Bt/xintine  Ctesari  of  lU  Tcimodmtie  Pet-iod, 


236 


on  ugdnat  Thinnas— a  remarkable  in- 
cident in  whicli  was  tbe  large  fleeta 
|>oa««sse(l  by  both  contcniling  parlies ; 
and  tbe  conquest  of  Crete  and  Sicily 
by  the  Saracens,  chii-fiy,  as  usual, 
through  the  tFeacliery  of  the  Christian 
cumiiwndera.  The  Phrygian  Michael, 
who  spoke  Greek  after  much  the  same 
^hion  at  George  I.  xpoke  English, 
triiUDphed  over  all  his  enemies  but 
those  in  the  Church.  If  any  of  the 
iconoclast  emperors  had  right  on  their 
aide  it  was  surely  Michael  the  Stom- 
luerer,  for  in  bis  reign  image- worship 
lutl  so  developed  itself  that  at  baptism 
parents  covering  the  images  wilh  veils 
would  select  them  as  sponsors  for  their 
children  at  the  satred  font.  Others, 
UD  assuming  the  relidous  habit,  would 
not  permit  rhe  holy  perwnB  whose 
office  it  was  to  receive  tbe  hair  as 
tUey  cut  it  off.  but  would  have  images 
brousht  near,  that  the  hair,  as  it  was 
cut  oSt,  might  foil  into  their  lap.  On 
oUior  occasions,  the  sacramental  wine 
wua  mixed  with  point  scraped  Iroln 
the  Gj^res  of  the  saints,  and  the  con- 
wcrated  bread  was  placed  on  the  hand 
of  the  image  to  nuke  it  co-partaker  in 


Michael  died  a  natural  death  in  8'29, 
and  was  succeeded  br  his  hnndsome 
and  well-trained  son  Theophilus,  who 
in  836  deemed  himself  a  demi-g<id  lor 
having  destroyed  Zapetra,  the  city  of 
the  (^phs,  but  whose  very  benrt- 
stringa  cracked  when  two  years  later 
the  haracenio  army  wreaked  similar 
deatructioD  on  the  emperor's  favourite 
city  of  Amorium.  lie  was  called  the 
Uofortunate,  not  altogether  an  ap- 
propriate name.  He  was  also  styled 
the  Just;  but  the  anecdotes  told  of  him 
by  way  of  illustration  show  that  he  was 
only  so  by  caprice,  as  he  was  occasion- 
ally eminently  cruel.  His  mostfaroiliar 
oflicera  who  offended  liim  were  scalded 
to  death  with  boiling  pitch,  or  burnt 
olive  in  tbe  Hippodrome.  He  had  a 
soul  for  music  and  a  puerile  taste  for 
toys  and  jewellery.  Being  himself 
bald,  he  ordered  nil  his  subjects  to 
wear  their  hair  cropped,  on  pain  of  the 
bastinado.  The  same  penalty  was  in- 
flictiHl  on  his  generals- in -chiel^  nay, 
even  on  his  »oni-in-l»w,  when  he  conai- 
darcd  he  had  reason  to  suspect  their 
infidelity.  He  was  adcteruiinedicono- 
r.laat,  though  he  liived  to  dispute  wilh 
the  monlu  on  the  national  controversy, 


and  he  argued  with  the  Keol  of  G3^ 
Bias  when  the  latter  had  first  begun  ' 
to  learn  logic.  Ha  was  the  greatest 
builder  of  all  the  Byzantine  emperors, 
but  he  wasted  treasure  on  uselessly 
splendid  edifices  which  bad  been  better 
bestowed  on  the  defences  of  his  domi- 
nion. Hia  method  of  selecting  a  wife 
was  one  of  some  novelty.  Among  a 
company  of  noble  maidens  expressly 
assembled  in  his  mother's  apartments, 
approaching  the  oiajestic  Eikosia,  he 
remarked  that  "  woman  was  the  cause 
of  much  evil."  The  superb  young  ladj 
replied  to  the  ungnllaut  wooer,  thai 
"  woman  was  also  the  source  of 
good,"  The  imperial  Ccclebs  t 
ttside,  and,  his  eyes  happening  to  I 
■  be  demure  Tliendora,  be  presented  U 
her  the  golden  apple  which  he  heW  i' 
his  hand,  made  uer  his  wife,  and,  i 
order  to  render  bis  hearth  happy  ni 
tranquil,  shut  up  his  molher-in-lnw  iaTt 
a  monastery,  a  retreat  which  was 
shared  by  the  vexed  and  disappointed 
Eikosio,  who  devoted  heraelf  therein  to 
the  reading  of  homilies  and  composing 
of  hymns.  Theophilus  indeed  had  no 
bowels  for  the  relations  he  acquired 
by  marri^e.  As  he  W  mortally  ill, 
he  not  only  ordered  his  brother-in-law 
Theophobos  to  be  decapitated,  but 
commanded  the  ghastly  head  to  be 
brought  to  his  bed-side.  He  gazed  on 
llie  features  of  his  old  conu^de  and 
kinsman,  muttered, "  Thou  art  no  more 
Theophobos  nor  am  I  any  longer  Tbeo- 
philuB,"  and  straightway  died;  leaving 
a  distracted  dominion  to  his  infant  son 
Michael,  afterwards  too  well  known  as 
Michael  the  Drunkard,  and  five  or  «x 
millionaof  treasure  to  assuage  the  grief  ' 
ofthe  imperial  widow  and  regent  Theo- 
dora the  ami -iconoclast. 

This  lady  enjoys  the  glory  attached  to 
the  achievement  of  having  permanently 
restored  to  tbe  Church  the  privilege  of 
image- worship.  As  a  preliminary  step, 
she  seized  on  the  able  patriarch  John 
the  Grammarian,  scourged  him  and 
plucked  out  his  eyes,  on  the  accusation 
of  hia  having  obliterated  the  eyes  in 
the  picture  of  a  saint;  and,  applylDK 
her  millions  to  the  "  miraculous  con- 
version" of  her  other  opponents,  sha 
speedily  made  image-worship  an  article 
of  faith.  Other  alleged  herelics  she 
slew  by  thousands,  and  Pope  NirhoUs 
solemnly  blessed  the  beautiful  assassin 
of  the    PauliciauB   who    clsinwd   ike 


The  Byzantine  detars  of  the  Icunocltutic  Period,      [Sept. 

lower  than  ever,  into  the  hands  of  m 
Mricedonian  groom. 

For  fuller  details  of  this  period  Mr. 
Finlay's  volume  maj  be  consulted  with 
profit' ami  pleasure.  The  readers  of  it, 
amid  much  that  is  {leculiar,  will  pro- 
bably  be  struck  with    two   circum- 
stances.    One  is  the  little  disgrace  that 
was  attached  by  the  noblest  to  corporal 
punishment,  llic  highest  militaiy  dig- 
nitaries were  occasionally  scourged  m 
the  market-places,  and  were  tMi  re- 
stored to  their  positions.  Some,  indeed, 
were  blinded  and  stationed  in  the  high- 
ways to  beg  an  obole  of  the  passer  by. 
This  Tarietj  of  fortune  has  not  been 
unknown   in  our  own  land.    Henry 
Holland,  Duke  of  Exeter,  and  brother- 
in-law  of  Edward  IV.  was  reduced  to 
such  want  as  to  be  seen  barefooted, 
begging  his   bread   in   rags   through 
Flanders.     The  second  especial  im- 
pression made  by  the  history  of  the 
iconoclasts  is  in    the  conviction  thai 
art  must  have  suffered  irreparably  by 
the  excess  of  iconoclastic  zeaL     We 
must  not,   however,   have  too  mock 
alacrity  in  condemning.    Our  puritan 
fathers  were  Christians  of  a  more  en- 
lightened period  (perhaps)  than  the 
iconoclasts,  but   they  were^  infinitely 
more  barbarous  in    their  iconodasm 
than  the  Greeks.  A  thousand  instances 
might  be  adduced  by  way  of  evidence, 
but  want  of  space  allows  me  to  cite 
but  one  or  two.     Witness  then  t^ 
devastation  at  Wardour  Castle.     Still 
better  evidence  is  afforded  by  the  de- 
struction at  Sudley  Church,  where  our 
sires  shattered    the   Chandos   monu- 
ments, turned  the  nave  into  a  stable, 
the  chancel    into  a  slaughter-house, 
hung  dead  sheep  on  pegs  driven  into 
the  pulpit,  and  made  of  the  commu- 
nion table  a  chopping-board  whereon 
to  prepare  their  meat.     St.  Mary's 
Warwick,  and  the  effigies  of  the  Earls 
there,  fared  no  better,  for  Purefoy's 
men  beat  the  statues  into  powder.     If 
now   and   then   an   emperor  made  a 
patriarch  ride  backwanl  upon  an  ass 
through  a  market-place,  it  was  not 
much  worse  than  the  act  of  Cromwell, 
when,  dragging  Drs.  Beale,  Martin,  and 
Sterne  from  Oxford,  he  brought  them 
into    London    through    Bartholomew 
fair.      It  was  an   English   iconoclast 
who  broke  into  fragments  the  altar- 
stone  in  Henry  Vll.'s  cha|)cl ;  and  ano- 
ther who  picked  out  the  eyes  in  King 


236 


right  of  private  judgment.  A  little 
ingenuity,  much  lying,  and  widely- 
scattere<l  goM  procured  the  semi-cano- 
nization of  Theophilus,  and  Michael 
himself  was  allowed  to  wallow  in  de- 
bauchery while  the  pious  Theodora 
misrule<l  the  state. 

Michael  the  Drunkanl,  likeConstan- 
tine  VI.  would  have  been  a  better  man 
and  monarch  but  for  his  mother.     He 
had  ca])acity,  but  Theodora  took  care 
that    it     should    not     be     exercised. 
Nothing  was  too  sacred  for  his  ridi- 
cule; and  the  aspect  of  an  intoxicated 
emperor,  reelin;;  through  the  streets  at 
the  head  of  a  procession  of  the  com- 
panions of  his  orgies,  all  like  hiiusi'lf 
ecclesiusticallv  ut tired,  under  a  mock 
patriarch,  "  Gryllos  the  Hog,"  the  im- 
|>erial  buffoon ;  the  sight  of  such  pro- 
cessions, wherein  ol>scene  songs  were 
sung  to  solemn  church  tunes,  of^n  in- 
sulted both  the  eyes  and  the  ears  of 
the  too  indiOerent  people  of  the  capi- 
tal.    Nor  were  the  people  much  more 
shocked  at  seeing  the  emiieror  and  his 
guilty  accomplices  administering   the 
sacrament  in  a  nauseous  compound  of 
vine<rar  and  mustanl,  or  the  statue  of 
the    virgin   Mary   brought    into   the 
theatre  to  confer  the  crowns  of  triumph. 
Phot i us  the  layman,  made   patriarch, 
was  held  to  be  more  impious  for  hold- 
ing that  earthquakes  were  the  results 
of  natural  causes  and  not  the  conse- 
quences or  symbols  of  divine  wrath, 
than  wais  Michael  for  excommunicat- 
ing the  Poi>e  himself,  or  for  sharing 
with  Basil  in   the  murder  of  his  uncle 
Bardas,  or  for  dragging  the  bodies  of 
Constantine  Copronymus  and  John  the 
Grammarian  from  the  tomb,  and  burn- 
ing them  with  disgusting  ceremonies 
in  the  public  IIip]Kxlroinc.     The  em- 
peror made  of  the  green  marble  sarco- 
])hagus  of  Constantine  a  balustrade  in 
his  own    private  chai>el ;  while   Basil 
arranged  with  Heaven  his  little  affair 
of  the  murder  of  Bardas  by  building 
a  church,  and  thus  striking  a  balance 
against  the  recording  angel.    He  pros- 
I>ered  for  awhile,  and  he  who  had  slain 
the  uncle  did  not  scruple  to  murder 
the  nephew.     He  took  Michael  when 
he  was  full  of  wine,  and  immolated  him 
with  as  much  noise  on  the  part  of  the 
sot,  and  as  little  efTectoal  resistance,  as 
<'.ould  have  been  given  by  a' hog ;  and, 
having  assumeil   the  imjierial  puriilc, 
the  Eastern  empire  found  itself  fallen 


1853.] 


The  Fine  Arts  at  Rome  in  the  year  1736. 


287 


Edward  VI.'s  picture  in  Chichester 
Cathedral,  makins  the  justifying  re- 
mark the  while,  that  all  the  mischief 
to  the  realm  had  come  from  that  king 
when  he  established  the  Book  of  Com- 
mon Prayer.  Nor  with  us,  as  with 
the  Greeks,  did  justice  and  reparation 
come  in  the  train  of  reflection.  As  late 
as  1774  we  find  Horace  Walpole  writ- 
ing from  Gloucester,  in  a  tone  of 
authorised  complaint,  that  'Uhe  two 


battered  heads  of  Henry  UI.  and  Ed- 
ward III.  are  in  the  post-ma8ter*8 
garden."  It  is  a  proverbial  saying  that 
nothing  is  so  easy  as  to  find  fault ;  but 
the  thinking  student  of  history  is  hap- 
pily deprived  of  this  dangerous  facility, 
and  he  especially  it  is — 


whose  heart  has  learned  to  scorn 

Bigots  alike  in  Rome  or  England  bom. 

J.  DORAN. 


THE  l^INE  ARTS  AT  ROME  IN  THE  YEARS  1736  AND  1737. 

By  Alkxandbr  Cunningham,  M.D.,  afterwards  Sir  Alexander  Dick,  of 

PrestoDfield,  fiart. 

{Extraetf  continued  from  June^*  page  583.) 


OUR  space  will  not  permit  us  to  retail 
all  that  Dr.  Cunningham  saw  at  Rome : 
Dor  would  it  answer  any  useful  purpose 
to  notice  objects  of  art  which  are  notorious 
in  the  guide-books  and  in  the  narratives 
of  saccessive  travellers.  It  is  rather  our 
object  in  selecting  the  following  passages 
to  illa&trate  the  state  of  the  arts  at  Rome 
a  century  ago;  and  to  adopt  such  facts 
and  observations  as  possibly  are  not  else- 
where preserved. 

1 736,  November  27.— Went  with  Dr. 
Wright  to  the  Capitol  to  examine  all 
the  fine  pieces  of  antiquity,  statues, 
and  bustos,  which  the  Popef  has  lately 
collected  at  great  expense,  and  dis- 
{>08ed  them  in  a  fine  gallery  where 
every  thing  is  fixed  in  its  place  and 
cannot  be  removed. 

December  2. — Mr.  Ramsay  and  I, 
by  Dr.  Wright's  means,  were  made 
acquainted  with  Signor  Campiglia,  J  a 
Florentine  gentleman  and  artist  in 
drawing  and  painting,  employed  by  the 
present  Pope  to  make  out  the  grand 
collection,  which  he  published,  of  an- 


tique statues  and  bustos,  for  which  he 
had  a  large  salary.  He  was  a  very 
well-bred,  communicative  man,  and  was 
so  kind  to  carry  us  to  see  the  Colonna 
palace,  where  we  viewed  all  the  pic- 
tures and  statues  there.  He  dined  with 
me  ;  and  after  dinner  he.  Dr.  Wright, 
Allan,  and  I,  went  out  for  the  second 
time  to  examine  the  antiouities  of  the 
Villa  Borghese,  where  Mr.  Ramsay 
took  a  drawing  from  a  basso-relievo  of 
antiquity,  fixed  on  the  outer  part  of 
the  building,  where  was  very  evidently 
shewn  a  man  playing  upon  the  bagpipe 
perfectly  similar  to  those  used  in  the 
Highlands,  which  are  blown  by  the 
mouth  as  well  as  the  bag.  In  another 
basso-relievo,  built  in  the  same  way^ 
the  death  of  Germanicus  is  expressed, 
from  whence  Poussin,  the  great  French 
painter,  had  taken  many  figures  which 
he  introduced  into  his  sacrament  of 
Extreme  Unction.  Some  of  Nicolas 
Poussin's  best  landscapes  are  pre- 
served here. 

December  11. — Went  with  Sir  Ro- 


*  The  two  following  passages,  in  which  the  Chevalier  and  his  family  are  mentioned, 
we  previously  overlooked.  They  should  have  been  added  in  our  June  Magazine, 
p.  582.— 

1737,  January  26. — Went  to  the  opera  of  Cyrus  with  Dr.  Wright;  the  Chevalier 
and  his  two  sons  were  there,  and  supped  in  the  boxes.  Domenichetti  had  the  best 
voice  that  night.  It  was  told  us  that  the  two  most  famous  voices  in  Italy  at  present  are 
Carestini  at  Venice,  and  Caffarelli  at  Naples,  both  castratos  or  eunuchs,  and  Marche- 
sino,  a  woman  at  Naples. 

March  4.— That  evening  saw  the  Corso,  where  the  Chevalier  was  in  the  Duke  de 
Piano's  coach.  Cardinal  Corsini,  the  patron  of  Britain,  gave  a  great  festival  this 
evening. 

t  Clement  XII.  (Lorenzo  Corsini.) 

X  Giov.  Domenico  CampigUa,  bom  at  Lucca  in  16022-  t^*^  "^^ice.  and  was 

much  employed  at  Rome  and  Florence  in  making  4*  ^ 


286 


7%e  FmeArit  ai  Rome  w  ike  year  1786. 


[SepC 


bert  Hilliard  and  Mr.  Barclay  to  see 
the  Ambassador  of  Gi^nnanj  s  palace 
(the  Count  Platenberg),  where  we  saw 
maoj  fine  paintings  of  the  Flemish 
school,  whicn  he  ordered  to  come  to 
Rome  lately  to  adorn  bis  palace. 

December  13.  —  Walked  with  Dr. 
Wright  to  the  Villa  Pamphili  and  saw 
the  old  Roman  paintinss  which  were 
found  in  Antonine*s  Baths,  which  is  the 
ceremony  of  marriage  of  the  ancient 
Romans.  Poussin  made  it  one  of  his 
models.  In  the  afternoon  walked  with 
Mr.  Smith  to  the  Capitol,  where  I 
passed  three  hours  with  Campiglia, 
m  examining  with  admiration  the  fine 
statues  and  heads,  particularly  the 
complete  statue  of  the  Dictator  Sylla, 
and  the  two,  above  the  size  of  life, 
of  Julius  Cassar  and  Augustus. 

December  14. — Did  not  go  abroad 
except  to  Camillo  Pademi,  who  shewed 
me  all  his  paintings  and  drawings, 
some  of  which  I  bought  afterwards  at 
my  return  to  Britain  (and  they  are 
now,  1781,  in  my  parlour  here). 

December  15. — Visited  Dr.  Wrieht, 
and  Camillo  Paderni,  and  Impenali. 
The  Doctor  shewed  us  his  Alexander, 
and  a  cameo,  which  were  of  conside- 
rable value. 

December  16. — Went  with  Camillo 
to  the  Palazzo  Bor^hese,  where  he 
shewed  us  the  excellences  of  the  fine 
painting  of  Titian,  Annibale  Carracci, 
Pietro  ui  Cortona,  and  Domenichino. 

December  22. — Saw  the  palace  of 
the  Rospigliosi  with  Mr.  Tumbull ; 
also  the  celebrated  pictures  of  the 
Aurora  of  Guido  and  the  Sampson  of 
Domenichino.  Waited  upon  the  great 
painter  Signor  Imperial!  at  his  own 
house ;  sat  by  him  a  good  while  and 
saw  him  employed  in  painting  the 
magnificent  picture  for  the  Kmg  of 
Spain,  to  be  put  at  the  Palace  of  the 
Escurial ;  the  subject  was  Alexander  the 
Great  presenting  presents  and  rewards 
to  his  generals  who  accompanied  him 
in  all  his  battles,  and  now  returned 
with  them  after  his  victories  were  con- 
cluded and  the  war  over. 

December  23. — Mr.  Ramsay  and  I 


put  in  order  this  day  the  numerous 
prints  of  the  galleries  ai  Rome  which 
1  brought  to  my  home.  Saw  with  Mr. 
Tumbull  the  other  palace  of  Boa- 
piglioci,  where  the  ancieot  paintinga 
are ;  and  had  a  lone  cooleraice  wm 
him  about  the  plan  of  hb  work  ;*  reocxn* 
meuded  Mr.  Ramsay  and  Mr.  CamiDo 
to  him.    Went  also  to  the  CapitoL 

December  30. — Rainy  weather,  buft 
as  it  was  holiday  time  drew  landscapes 
with  Camillo,  and  we  conversed  with 
Mr.  Turnbull  in  the  evening ;  liked  the 
scheme  of  his  publishing  the  ancient 
paintings. 

December  31.— Went  with  Sir  Ro- 
bert Billiard  to  the  Piombini  Palace, 
and  saw  the  famous  statue  of  the 
Gladiator  dying,t  which  the  Pope  in- 
tends to  purchase  and  put  up  m  the 
CSapitol,  tor  which  the  family  it  be- 
longed to  required  12,000  crowns, 
wh^h  is  about  3,0002.  sterling.  Went 
afterwards  with  Sir  Robot  to  Signor 
Pannini,!  the  great  painter  of  landscape 
and  architecture,  who  acquainted  us 
that  he  was  engaged  in  worin  for  m 
twelvemonth  to  come,  and  shewed  us 
several  of  his  fine  performances. 

1 737,  January  2. — Went  a^ain  to  see 
the  Palace  of  Ottoboni.  It  is  the  best 
collection  of  modem  masters  in  paint- 
ing, particularly  Benedetto  Luti,  Tre- 
visani,  and  a  nunous  picture  of  Im- 
periali;  the  best  of  Spagndetti  Bo- 
logn^e,  particularly  the  ceremony  of 
marriage ;  the  best  landscapes  of  Lu- 
catelli  and  Occhiali ;  also  llonthurst, 
some  pieces  of  Vanderwerf,  and  other 
Dutch  painters,  and  likewise  of  Carlo 
Maratti. 

January  3. — In  the  afternoon,  it 
being  holiday  time,  drew  landscapes 
with  Camillo,  who  made  me  under- 
stand that  the  whole  of  the  beauty  of 
landscape  lay  in  the  judicious  manage- 
ment of  the  chiar*  oscuro^  and  gave 
me  a  sketch  to  explain  his  thoughts, 
which  sketch  will  be  found  in  one  of 
my  books  of  drawings. 

January  6. — Went  with  Campiglia 
to  a  genteel  conversation  which  turned 
upon  the  virtu. 


*  A  Treatise  upon  Ancient  Paintings  by  George  Tumball,  LL.D.  was  pubUshsd  at 
London  in  1740,  in  royal  folio. 

t  The  celebrated  Dying  Gladiator  of  the  Capitol,  well  known  from  Lord  JQ]qrMi% 
description  in  Cbilde  Harold. 

t  Giovanni  Paolo  Pannini,  born  at  Placentia  in  1691,  died  in  1764.     Ha  In* 
known  by  his  delineations  of  the  ruins  of  ancient  Rome. 


ISfid.]  T},e  Fine  Aru  at  R 

/ouuf^lS.— Wasallanernoonirich     calx  the  a 


U  med,  irho  ir 


Caniillo,  who  was  copving  the  ancicDt  works  miide  evcrjlhingw 

picture  ihe  Nozze  AUlobrninUn't,  anil  lost  for  ^as,  that  lliej  migni  graui; 

drew  a  figure  or  tno  with  him,  which  the  amhition  of  immortalitj.  Si);Qified 

i»  in  my  drawing-book.    In  the  nhnx-  of  how  little  consequence  the  painters 

noun  went  to  see  the  famous  Gsllerj  in  Italj  were  in  the  [Hirtrait  waj  ;  but 

of  Farnese  painted  by  Anoibale  Ca-  eaid  that  n  good  history -painter  mnat 

racci,  and  waa  vaatly  plcar^ed  with  it ;  always  make  the  best  portrait-painter- 

■nw    there     the    celebrated    bast    of  Then  we  enl«red  upon  the  niture  of 

Ilotner,  the  statue  of  the  Apollo,  and  drawings  by  the  best  mastera.  the  par- 

the  celebrated  one  of  the  Hercules  and  tlcular  tracing  of  RafTaelle's  pen,  the 

the  Flora.  fire  of  Giulio  Koninno,  the   few   but 

JonHorv  20. — In  the  afternoon  we  alight  touches  of  Andrea  Sacchi ;  the 

Mw  the  Palace  of  the  Medici  within  gn-at  desire  of  man  for  imitation ;  the 

doora,  where  are  the  Satyr  and  the  two   diriaiona   of    mankind    into   the 

young  Apollo,  a  very  fine  statue,  which  dealmyera  and  the  restorers  of  the  arts 

tiiignor  C^mpiglia  thinks  equal  to  the  and  acienoes;  the  example  arising  from 

Venus  de  Medicis.    Observed  likewise  the  person  or  persona  with  whom  the 

carefully  here  the  gmup  of  fine  statues  maamioH  imperiym  liea,  which  gives  ft 

of  the   family  of  Niobe,  from  which  lone  and  directs   the   Terr  lives  and 

Guido  has  taken  the  ideus  of  hia  finest  luuruls  of  a  state.      He   had  a  good 

heads.  opinion  of  the  I anilscapes,  except  where 

Jamutry  21.— Walked  to  the  Fonte  the  two  figures  of  that  which  appear 

Mulic  or  Ponie  Eniilio.    Obaerved  the  upon  Giovanni  Francesco  Bolo^nese'a* 

peasants  all  busy  dressing  and  pruning  drawing,  whitOi  are  a  little  too  big.  The 

ibe   vines;    also   could    observe   that  finisheil  drawing  I  showed  him  in  the 

Poussin  had  taken  several  landscapes,  red  chalk  he  approved  of,  and   said 

by  examining  the  views  which  nppear  they  were  by  Father  ScilU,  a  Sicilian, 

hereof  the  Villa  Mailuuianver  the  Tiber.  He  gate  us  his  opinion  that  the  English 

Febnmry  8.— In  the  evening  wnitetl  education  of  painti-ra  never  can  pro- 

on    Mr.   Itristfil,   an   elderly    Knglish  ducc  a  good  one  in  the  history  way; 

gentleman,  who,  with  the  president  of  he  likewise  gave  us  his  opinion  about 

tlie  parliami^nt  of  Aix,  came   lo  viaic  the  English  gentlemen  coming  to  " 


in  the  way  (hey  do  t 


a  tastb,  and 
■w  weeks  what 
1  to  form  their 


Rome.     He  and  Mr.   Turnbutt, 
Camillo  and  1  had  a  long  conversation 
on  the  eittu,  and  in  respect  to,  collec- 
tions of  prints. 

FebrauTy  10. — Being  Saturday  went 
toaee  Mons.Btancbet,aFrench  painter  they  have  kcd.  Then  we  asked  his 
of  the  Academy,  und  was,  with  Mr.  opinion  about  KatTaelle  in  the  Vatican. 
Camillo  and  Ramsay,  very  well  pleased  The  first  picture,  he  said,  was  the 
wiib  his  drawings  and  colouring.  Uad  Sacrament;  then  Ihe  Pnrnasaus  and 
that  day  the  eood  fortune  of  Signor  School  of  Athens,  which  he  explained 
Francisco  ana  Itnperiali  the  great  by  signilyina  that  Haflaclle  in  placii^ 
punter  in  company  to  dine  with  me,  the  philosophers  bod  made  portraits  of 
also  Mr>  Camillo,  Turnbull,  and  Ram-     several  of  ms  friends.     Ue  approve' 


■ay.     We  had  much 
Imjieriali,  who,  when 


of  Bellori'a  account  of  RalfacllesworkB. 
Ele  said  that  of  the  figures  in  the  Pio- 
"  rnea«,t  the  principal  gods  wert  ■ 


c«lo  Fiir 


Mouot  Etna  in  Sicily, and,  what  I  hod  inano;  and,  except  some  consider 

never  beard  before,  an  account  of  the  groups,alinost  nit  thefigurcsof  PstcM 

cro«>diles  of  the  city  of  Palermo  in  wereGiuliuXwhohudthebridleofllaH 

^ily.     'ilien  we  talked  to  him  of  the  fselle  to  master  his  fire.     He  said  tbK^ 

virtu,  and  his  opinion  of  the  ancient  reason  wh^  so  much  passes  in  the  wori4j| 

painlingH,  and  the  advanUges  of  the  under  Rafnielle's  namewas  hiaompli^ 


TVr  Fmt  Art»  at  Rome  in  the  year  17S7 


240 


i&jr  «I]  the  ^rent  nuuterv.  v1:o  were  hi«> 
KbobiTfi.  t/>  faint  from  bk  Oe^:^«w  riz. : 
GiuiiO  Roauoio.  Poljdoro  C«rara^po, 
Gy/Tumi  dk  UdiBe,&c  Id  coorersa- 
tiuo  be  fekid  thjtt  Oieo  of  merit  mxi'in;; 
tbe  pftinterf  were  not  often  adrarii-^  in 
propurtkiD  to  tlK*ir  tkill,  ari^iog  fn^m 
▼inoof  catuei.  lie  gare  m  a  coixi- 
psnuoo  of  the  hanuonjr  in  coXoun 
Leiair  fomethin;!  uioilar  to  that  in 
KWifHi,  and  made  many  ingeniou<»  re- 
Marks  vitb  refpect  to  tbe  repf»^es  of 
ficbt  and  ebade.  He  gave  as  his  opi- 
nioo  of  the  books  written  on  paintiii;:, 
and  apprriTe<l  chieflj  of  Lomazzo,  who 
wrote  after  be  turned  blind.  He  said 
it  would  be  enou;rh  to  form  a  fiiiint4.'r 
to  con6ne  himself  to  a  few  principal 
palaces,  thAt  be  mi;;bt  go  to  often,  to 
farm  a  t&*>l4»,  riz. :  Barberini,  Borgbeve, 
Pam{«bili,  Oilonna,  Ottoboni,  and  there 
beinir  occupi<fd  in  studving  tbe  prin- 
cipal pictures  on  It. 

February  13— -'Went  with  Mr.  Bar- 
^y  to  scse  the  pictures  that  belonged 
to  the  Gran^l  Prior  of  Malta — Prince 
Vaffhini.  We  hapfiened  to  meet  here 
with  tbe  son  of  tbe  famous  Salvator 
liosa,  who  showe*]  us  tbe  works  of 
every  ^lainter.  This  gentleman  was 
abr>ut  eigbtr.  There  were  sereral  fine 
things  of  Annibale  Caracci,  botzos  of 
Pietro  di  Cortona,  and  co<»d  finished 
paintings  of  Albani ;  but  nothing 
pleased  me  more  than  .a  cattle-piece  of 
Balrator  liosa,  and  the  Job  bj  him ; 
also  many  small  paintings  of  Rubens, 
TenifTs,  Palina  Vecchi's  Tintoretto, 
llti&n,  &c. 

Went  aAerwards  to  see  Signor  Pom- 
peio,  the  second  painter  in  Home  next 
to  Imfieriali,  his  master.  He  wan  paint- 
ing a  picture  of  invention  of  the  history 
or  Alexander  the  Great,  who  gave 
Apelles,  the  celebnite<l  painter  of  anti- 
quity, his  mistress  to  draw  her  picture. 

February  17. — Went  to  the  Aldo- 
brandini  Palace,  with  Mr.  Turnbull 
and  Mr.  Bristol,  to  look  at  the  copy  of 
tbe  ancient  puinting  of  the  ancijnt 
Komun  marriage  ceremony  made  by 
Camillo  for  Mr.  Turnbuirs  book,  which 
wus  fthown  by  Mr.  Camillo  at  his  own 
hoiiHc.  We  saw  also  a  curioui?  piece 
of  the  wall  found  in  the  Farnese 
Gardens,  in  the  Baths  of  AugiistUH,  on 
which  was  a  very  curious  group  of 
ancient  paintinjr,  which  I  afterwards 
purchaseil  from  Camillo  for  Dr.  Mead, 
of  which  I  caused  Camillo  to  make  a 


I 


oof  T  in  water-oc4uiir!L  I  seot  tbe  <wi- 
fiinll  home  in  a  dbip  frv^  Cima 
Veccbia  for  tbe  Doctor  at  LmwIoo; 
and.  in  cue  r»f  acci«]ent&.  kept  the  eopj. 
an  J  which  1  alictwed  Mr.  Tnmboll  to 
hare  a  dnwin;r  made  of  lor  his  book 
bj  tbe  same  Camillo  PademL  (See 
Tumbuil's  Accrtunt  of  Ancient  Faml- 
in^  in  folio,  where  there  is  an  exact 

Bmt  of  it.  Abo  in  RoUio*s  General 
iitory  there  is  another  print  of  if.) 
I  have  alfo  tbe  cf*pT  in  water-eolonrB, 
done  by  Camillo  at  Rome,  in  my  par- 
lour at  PrestonfieM.  Kght  linea  in 
Latin,  which  (Jeaaied  much,  I  wrote 
descrifitive  of  this  most  carioas  piece 
of  antiquitT,  and  sent  tbem  to  Dr. 
Meaf],  at  llondoo,  before  I  left  Italy, 
which  are  as  foUows,  tiz.  : 


.3 


C«a!4det  Anxroira*,  prociuctm 

Expolso  redd:!  qui  diaJcnu  fiii 
C«>iirb  acu  pfxtbat  mimiu  tOB  IDaMra  ivcoth. 

Vinati*  rtndex.  imperiiqBe  deea*. 
Ftercitos  inridu  st«|iet  aalkiis  aaas  et  alter ; 

Men»  rati*  recti  eimacia  fix*  muKt, 
Ce«rU  inricti  Unlet  cni  dicere  Cts  eat 

Carmina  patnmo  et  cacMlere  digaa  aao. 

When  I  returned  Dr.  Mead  ioTited 
me  to  dine  at  his  house  with  Mr. 
Pope,  Sir  Andrew  Fountaine,  and  Mr. 
Bentley  Younge.  I  viewed  the  picture 
with  Mr.  Pope,  who  admired  it.  1  sat 
by  him  at  dinner. 

Febmary  20.— W^ent  with  Mr.  Bar- 
clay to  see  a  comparison  of  Pannini  and 
Lucatelli's  works,  tbe  great  landscape 
painters  ;  by  all  appearances  Luca- 
telli*s  pictures  seemed  to  be  most  last- 
ing of  the  two.  Went  aAerwards  on 
a  visit  to  Si^or  Pompeio*8,  tbe  painter, 
with  Camillo. 

.  Febnuury  2 1 . — Wen  t  to  see  tbe  great 
collection  of  drawings  of  Abbate  Maire 
at  Sign  or  Impcriali^s.  There  were  six 
volumes  of  them  by  the  great  masters, 
viz. :  the  Caracci,  the  School  of  Raf- 
faelle,  and  the  School  of  Titian,  a  rare 
set  of  the  first  drawings  by  Pietro  di 
Cortona  in  the  palace  of  the  Corsini  in 
the  gallery  ;  likewise  several  [neces  of 
Pietro  de*  Petri,  Andrea  Sacchi,  and 
Carlo  Maratti ;  many  of  Siguor  Im- 
f serial i*s  own,  those  of  Salvator  Rosa, 
and  Titian,  of  Baroccio,  and  Cavalier 
Bernini. 

February  22. — Went  to  see  the 
Count  de  Linden,  a  Dutch  gentleman 
of  a  considerable  family ;  he  was  sit- 
ting to  his  picture.  1  did  not  much 
admire  the  manner  of  face-painting  in 


1853.] 


SicUe  Paperit  of  Henr^  VIIL 


241 


Rome.  Id  the  afternoon  went  with 
Mr.  Barclay  to  the  Villa  Ludovisi,  and 
made  a  drawing  of  the  fine  Satjr. 

February  24. — ^Bein?  Sunday,  went 
with  Allan  and  CamiiJo  to  look  over 
the  Rospigliosi  Palace.  The  anoient 
boat  of  Nero  is  there,  very  remarkable. 
Afterwards  we  went  to  see  the  famous 
picture  of  the  White  Benedictines  by 
Andrea  Sacchi,  at  St.  Koniualdo.*  We 
were  invited  to  dine  with  Signor  Fran- 
cisco Imperiali  at  Camillo  Paderni*s 
house.  Aft;er  dinner  went  to  the  Bar- 
berini  Palace,  and  saw  the  Noah  and 
Eittratto  by  Andrea  Sacchi.  Revised 
the  former  things,  particularly  the 
Evangelists  by  Carlo  Maratta  and  the 
Magdalene  of  Guide. 

February  27. — Went  to  the  Piazza 
Navona  to  buy  prints,  drawings,  and 
medals. — Note,  My  collection  of  prin  ts, 
drawings,  and  medals,  arc  still  kept  in 
my  repository  in  Prestonfield,  under 
my  son  William*s  care. 

March  4. — ^Visited  Mr.  Bristol,  and 
the  President  of  the  Parliament  of  Aix. 
Had  a  long  conversation  upon  the  pre- 
sent state  of  painting,  and  the  method 
of  advancing  it  in  Britain.  Also  exa- 
mined into  the  nature  of  mosaic,  an- 
cient and  modem;  the  paste  is  two 
parts  fine  chalk  and  one  part  Tibur- 
tine  stone  in  fine  powder,  mixed  up 
with  linseed  oil. 


*  Now  in  the  Vatican  Museum. 


We  shall  oonclade  our  present  extracts 
with  the  pleasing  account  which  Sir  Alex- 
ander Dick  giTes  of  the  last  agreeable  days 
which  he  spent  with  his  friends  in  Rome, 
after  having  made  an  excursion  with  Signor 
Camillo  Paderni  to  Tivoli,  Frascati,  and 
Albano : — 

When  I  returned  to  Rome  I  found 
my  Lord  Barrington,  Mr.  Hall  after- 
wards Sir  John  Sail,  and  Sir  William 
Wolseley,  with  his  lady,  come.  Mr. 
Barclay  was  gone  some  time  ago.  On 
different  days  I  had  several  of  my 
friends  to  dine  with  me ;  on  other  days 
I  dined  with  them.  And,  Mr.  Ramsay 
having  invited  us  all  on  Sunday  the 
16th  of  March  to  dine  at  his  room, 
most  of  the  gentlemen  I  had  lived  with 
in  habitudes  of  friendship  while  at 
Rome  were  present,  and  particularly 
the  old  Earl  of  Wintoun.  As  I  was 
to  set  out  the  next  day,  the  17th,  being 
Monday,  we  supped  with  Mr.  Ramsay, 
and  were  very  merry  till  the  hour  of 
parting  came,  when  friendly  sensations 
arose  which  affected  them  all  as  well 
as  me  a  good  deal. 

It  is  to  be  remarked  that  I  had  just 
been  five  months  at  Rome,  all  but  ten 
days,  and  my  whole  expense  since  I 
came  to  that  city,  including  music- 
masters  and  all  the  things  I  bought, 
which  cost  me  about  30/.,  does  not  in 
the  whole  exceed  100/.  I  spent  my 
time  very  agreeably,  and  at  tne  same 
time  had  more  instruction  than  in  any 
five  months  of  my  life  past. 


STATE  PAPERS  OF  HENRY  VIII. 

State  Papers  published  by  the  authority  of  Her  Majesty's  Commission. 
Vols.  VI.— XI.     4to.  1849—1852.     (Buttcrworth  and  Son.) 

{Coniinuedfrom  p,  115.) 


THE  disgrace  of  Wolsey,  and  the 
unconciliatory  conduct  of  the  Pope, 
hurried  on  the  breach  between  Eng- 
land and  Rome.  His  holiness  was 
in  the  power  of  the  emperor,  and 
was  obliged  to  sacrifice  his  supre- 
macy over  England  rather  than  run 
the  risk  of  another  sack  of  Rome.  For 
some  years  the  result  of  the  severance 
from  the  apostolic  see  was  very  per- 
ceptible in  our  foreign  relations.  Busied 
with  domestic  troubles  and  the  sup- 
presnoD  of  the  monasteries,  Henry  kept 

Geht.  Mao.  Vol.  XL. 


himself  aloof  from  foreign  politics,  and 
from  1535  to  1544  interiered  but  little 
between  the  continual  rivals  Charles 
and  Francis.  In  the  latter  year  Henry, 
annoyed  by  French  interference  in  tbo 
affairs  of  Scotland,  again  entered  into 
league  with  the  emperor,  and  concerted 
with  him  a  joint  mvasion  of  France. 
The  emperor  was  first  in  the  field,  and 
took  Luxemboui^  and  other  towns  in 
that  direction.  In  the  mean  time  the 
Duke  of  Norfolk  and  Lord  BuonU 
assembled  an  English  armj  to.  j 

21 


242 


State  Papers  of  Henry  VIIL 


[Sept. 


southward  of  Calais,  and  wrote  to 
Henry  for  directions  whether  they 
should  lay  siege  to  Ardres,  Boulogne, 
of  Montreuil.  The  emperor  proposed 
an  immediate  advance  of  both  armies 
upon  Paris,  the  inhabitants  of  which, 
and  indeed  the  whole  people  of  France, 
were  in  great  alarm,  anticipating  the 
most  fatal  consequences  from  the  com- 
bination of  the  imperial  and  English 
forces  in  such  an  onward  movement. 
Ox.  717.) 

Henry  directed  Norfolk  and  Russell 
to  advance  upon  Montreuil  (ib.  726), 
which  they  did  under  the  direction  of 
some  of  "  the  lords  of  those  parts,*'  who 
professedly  joined  the  English  standard, 
out  seem  to  have  been  exceedingly 
untrustworthy  allies.  The  value  of  tne 
guidance  of  these  selfish  friends  may 
be  judged  from  the  report  of  the  com- 
manders of  the  English  forces.  '*  Know- 
ing no  part  of  the  country,  nor  bavins 
no  guides  but  such  as  they  give  us,  [we J 
have  been  brought  such  ways  as  we 
think  never  army  passed,  up  and  down 
the  hills,  through  hedges,  woods,  and 
marshes,  and  all  to  cause  us  to  lod^e 
upon  the  French  grounds,  saving  their 
own  friends.  And  besides  that,  we 
have  been  so  well  kept  fasting  from 
drink,  that  a  good  part  of  th  army 
have  only  drunken  water  sith  yesterday 
sevennight.  We  have  not  forborne  to 
speak  quickly  to  them."  (ib.  727.) 

This  was  in  July,  1544.  Whilst  time 
was  wasted  before  Montreuil,  the  em- 
peror entered  upon  the  siege  of  St. 
Didier,  and  Henry  himself  set  up  hia 
royal  camp  before  Boulogne.  On  the 
4th  August  the  King  opened  his  battery, 
which  "  goeth,"  says  a  letter  of  the  fol- 
lowing day,  "  lustily  forward,  and  the 
wall  beginneth  to  tremble  apace,  and 
the  loops  of  the  defences  of  the  town 
so  well  laid  to  by  our  artillery,  as  a 
man  dare  not  once  look  out  for  his 
life."  (x.  22.)  Boulogne  surrendered 
on  the  13th  September,  (ib.  68.)  In 
the  meantime  Norfolk  and  Russell 
continued  before  Montreuil,  but  both 
besiegers  and  besieged  were  getting 
into  sad  plight.  The  English  army 
was  obliged  to  fetch  their  rorage  from 
a  distance  of  six  or  seven  miles.  The 
com  on  the  ground  "began,"  it  was 
said,  "  to  shoKe  out  of  the  ear,  and  in 
short  time  will  be  of  such  sort,  that 
when  it  shall  be  reaped  there  will 
nothing  remain  but  only  the  straw; 


and  all  the  countries  within  10  or  12 
miles  of  us  on  all  hands  are  so  wasted, 
and  the  people  so  fled,  that  no  com  is 
reaped  and  put  in  barns  or  stacks.** 
The  soldiers  and  horses  died  daily, 
and  the  army  wanted  reinforcement 
in  every  way.  As  to  the  garrison  and 
the  townsmen,  their  condition  was  pro- 
bably worse :  "  many  of  them  eat 
horseflesh,  and  some  of  their  soldiers, 
gentlemen -Italians,  glad  to  eat  of  a  cat 
well-larded,  and  call  it  dainty  meat.** 
(x.  70.) 

Whilst  the  emperor  and  his  ally 
were  thus  pursuing  their  own  peculiar 
interests  instead  of  the  objects  of  their 
alliance,  Francis  plied  them  with  terms 
of  peace,  and  ultimately  succeeded  with 
the  emperor,  who  made  a  separate 
treaty,  and  left  Henry  to  get  out  of 
the  war  pretty  nearly  as  he  could  (x. 
82,  84),  advising  him,  moreover,  to 
withdraw  his  army  at  once  from  before 
Montreuil  (x.  88).  This  advice  was 
taken.  Norfolk  and  Russell  were  di- 
rected to  withdraw  their  men  and 
artillery  openly  (x.  92)  into  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Boulogne.  An  inter- 
vening French  force  compelled  them 
rather  to  retreat  upon  Calais,  which 
greatly  enraged  their  royal  master. 
The  violence  of  his  temper  burst  forth 
in  the  most  unseemly  reproaches  of 
Norfolk  and  his  coadjutors ;  and  it 
was  only  upon  the  humblest  of  apo- 
logies, and  the  most  submissive  assu- 
rances that  "  they  would  never  offend 
again  from  thenceforth"  (x.  114),  that 
his  irritable  majesty  was  appeased 
(x.  117). 

The  possession  of  Boulogne  was  long 
the  sole  obstacle  to  a  peace  (x.  130, 
150).  Henry  repaired  its  fortifications, 
and  was  ambitious  to  annex  it  perma- 
nently to  his  possessions.  The  French 
were  equally  determined  to  make  no 
peace  until  it  was  yielded  up.  They 
endeavoured  by  naval  operations  in 
the  Channel  during  the  summer  of  1545 
to  cut  ofl*  its  communication  with 
England.  Their  efibrts  were  daring 
and  destructive,  but  were  repelled  wiS 
true  English  valour,  and  they  made  no 
advance  towards  their  ultimate  object. 
By  land  they  continued  throu^out 
the  year  to  ply  Boulogne  with  a  sac- 
cession  of  attacks,  which  occasioned 
considerable  loss  on  both  sides.  Daring 
the  autumn  of  1545,  long  negotiations, 
the  correspondence  relating  to  whaok 


1858.] 


State  Papers  of  Henry  VIII. 


S4d 


18  most  tedious,  were  kept  up  between  a 
▼arietj  of  agents  on  the  parts  of  Ilenrj, 
Charles,  and  Francis ;  but  Henry 
could  not  be  brought  to  surrender 
Boulogne,  nor  Francis  to  yield  it,  and 
therefore  peace  was  unattainable.  In 
the  sprinff  of  the  following  year  Henry 
changed  Lis  mind.  Peace  had  become 
more  desirable,  principally  because 
the  cost  of  war  had  become  more 
difficult  to  be  maintained,  and,  after 
the  discussion  of  many  doubts  and 
diplomatic  questions,  a  treaty  was  con* 
eluded.  Boulogne  was  agreed  to  be 
surrendered  on  a  large  payment  to  be 
made  at  the  end  of  eight  years,  and 
friendly  communications  were  immedi- 
ately resumed  between  the  rival  nations. 
The  space  occupied  by  the  papers  re- 
latinff  to  the  negotiations  which  termi- 
nated in  this  treaty  is  very  large,  and 
documents  less  interesting,  containing 
less  novelty,  or  on  the  whole  of  smaller 
historical  value,  can  scarcely  be  con- 
ceived. The  collection,  indeed,  as  a 
whole,  is  the  dullest  and  most  wearisome 
that  we  ever  remember  to  have  met  with. 
State  Papers  are  never  light  reading, 
but  these  are  intolerably  ponderous. 

On  the  renewal  of  friendship  between 
France  and  England  Henry  was  asked 
to  stand  godfather  to  a  new-bom  daugh- 
ter of  the  Dauphin.  Old  Sir  Thomas 
Cheyne  was  sent  to  Fontainbleau  as 
Henry's  representative,  with  instruc- 
tions to  give  the  child  the  name  of 
Elizabeth,  being  that  of  the  king's 
mother,  ^^  who  was  as  good  and  as 
virtuous  a  woman  as  ever  lived  in  this 
world."  In  this  circumstance  we  no 
doubt  see  the  reason  why  one  of  Henry's 
own  daughters  was  termed  Elizabeth. 
It  is  delightful  to  trace  in  such  a  man 
as  Henry  VHI.,  a  man  so  spoiled  by 
position  and  the  customs  of  tne  world, 
that  natural  fondness  for  the  memory 
of  a  mother  which  all  men  of  proper 
feeling  are  sure  to  entertain. 

Cheyne's  account  of  his  reception  by 
Francis  on  occasion  of  the  chnstening 
is  probably  the  most  amusing  letter  in 
the  collection.  He  is  writing  to  Paget, 
the  king's  secretary. 

Gentle  Mr.  Secretary,  1  had  not  thought 
to  have  troobled  yoa  with  any  mo  of  my 
rude  letters,  but  that  this  day  Moos'  die 
Bowshtet  came  to  my  lodging,  and  atkedf 
whether  I  wold  any  thing  into  EiigUuid« 
sayeing  he  dUpeched  thither  to  then  i 
baaaadoar.  Wberenpon  I  tbouf^t  1  m 


do  no  lea  but  to  advertis  yow  of  soche 
thinges,  as  I  have  sene  and  herd  aence  my 
letters  sent  yow  by  Nicholas  the  carrere. 
The  chefe  naatier  is,  that  myne  entreteyn- 
ment  and  good  chyre  doth  increase  every 
houre  more  than  other,  not  onely  with  the 
king,  who  I  assure  yow  waa  nothing  so 
laaty  nor  so  gaunte,  when  I  sawliim  last, 
as  he  is  nowe,  that  insomuche  I  wold  not 
have  beleved  he  had  byne  in  so  good  case 
as  he  is  if  I  had  not  sene  him  myself;  bat 
also  the  Dolphin,  the  Dolphinesse,  my 
Lady  Margiret  the  kinges  doughter,  the 
Princesse  o^  Navarre,  and  all  the  rest  of 
the  company,  both  men  and  women.  It 
is  not  possible,  as  it  semeth  unto  me,  that 
any  man  can  be  more  gladder  then  the 
Frenche  king  and  the  Dolphin  ar  of  the 
kinges  majesties  love  and  frendeshippe, 
whiche  he  saieth  he  never  brake  in  his  hert, 
nor  never  will ;  and  the  Dolphin  is  every 
day  kpparailled  in  white  and  grene.  Tlie 
quene  is  something  acrased,  as  they  say; 
wherfor  I  have  not  sene  her  as  yet,  albeit 
she  shalbe  one  of  the  godmoothers. . 

Yesterday,  assone  as  I  had  dyned, 
Mons'  de  Morette  had  me  to  the  Frenche 
king,  accompaned  with  many  other  gentle- 
men, as  be  made  an  end  of  his  dyner  to 
the  wasshing  of  his  handes,  where  waa  a 
great  nombre  of  noblemen  and  gentlemen. 
And  asaone  as  he  had  washed  his  handes, 
the  table  was  taken  away,  and  he  rose, 
and  his  chayre  was  a  litle  remooved  to 
the  wall,  where  he  sat  dowde  againe,  and 
called  me  unto  him,  and  wold  not  suffre 
me  to  speake  one  woorde,  onles  my  cappe 
were  on  my  hed.  And  there,  incontinent, 
after  a  few  woordes,  he  rose,  and  had  me 
and  the  6  gentlemen,  the  kinges  majes- 
tic servauntea,  which  ar  here  with  me, 
and  but  a  very  few  others,  into  his  Privey 
Chambre,  which  was  as  cold  and  as  freshe 
aa  could  be  devised,  considering  the  tyme 
of  the  yere ;  which  is  a  gloriouse  chambre, 
and  so  is  thotber  without,  where  he  dyned. 
And,  after  we  bad  bene  there  awhyie,  he 
had  me  into  a  fayr  gallory  of  300  foote  in 
length,  and  19  or  20  foote  brode,  very 
gallant  and  costly,  and  after  suche  sort  as 
it  were  over  long  to  reherse.  And  so  is  all 
this  bouse  to  me  a  thing  incredible,  ooles 
1  had  sene  it  myself,  as  I  am  sure  as  many 
as  be  here  with  me  will  affirme  the  same. 
And  so  frome  thence  undemeth  the  said 
gallory  diverse  fayre  chambres,  a  fayre 
bayne,  and  a  fayre  bote  house,  with  diverse 
other  commodities,  more  then  is  in  my 
hed  to  expresse,  onles  I  had  a  longer 
tyme.  And  so  caused  me  to  suppe  with 
him,  where  tat  next  above  him  the  Dol- 
phjnesie;  next  wito  her  his  donghter; 
)-*-»-"  -*  ^tt  boorde,  the 


M4 


^Htmy  Tin. 


Aad  at  I  VToCe  m  m  j 

at  tbe  tyk,  om. 


kftcncf 


Dalpfcpivia 
Secretary,  tWre  en  ke  ao 
i[a  to]  aK,  aiiJ  I  «cft 
alfer  tke  loove  aad 


Mr. 


tbey  beare 


tkat  the  like 
hcrdoTailtkiak;  a^  Mow  de  Moretta 
ntiaairiy  witk  aM;  a^  the  BMot  dififfeot 
a»d  tbe  Bietest  BBan  tocBticteyB  straangien 
that  ever  I  mv,  or.  at  I  thiak,  ever  shall 
•ee,aad  he  teUethaKhecoaethintoEng. 
laad  with  the  aibiiralL  Thus  I  bid  yov 
aaveU  to  fare*  as  I  void  myneiKmiie  bert. 
Froai  FooBteign  le  Bleav,  the  thirde  day 
oTJaly.     (xL230.) 

AltLougbf  as  a  whole,  this  work 
win  unquotiooably  compare  with  the 
beariest  and  most  tedious  book  that 
we  hare  crer  been  obliged  to  make 
onr^lres  acquainted  with,  it  raises  our 
notion  of  the  ability  of  the  men  who 
played  the  principal  parts  in  the  diplo- 
matic business  of  Henry  Vm. 

At  firrt  Woliey  is  aU  in  all,  and 
bit  letters,  altho^  shrewd,  are  (as 
we  hare  already  remarked)  verbooe, 


(X.7W.) 

TW  IbOowiag,  by  Giidimi,  is  writ- 
tea  in  a  freer  and  flntiihif  oif  a  more 
florid  strle:— 

m 

We  he  fcrefal  as  a  doo  is  that  ataycth 

to  every  crad^  of  a  bowe. 

■e  liked  aot,  that  we  harde  not 

.,  a^  this  aiiniiBg  they  re- 

it  with  iraft^  far  «>    Mybciag 

IS  set  forth  viih  a  fret  demonrtiaciuu 

ovtaaidly,  for 

tothBas- 


toas,  waicftisi 
It  to  the  qveea..  aad  this  daye  to 
GraadTda's  howae;  aad  we  togither  be 
coM^picws,  and  asoie  with  aa  hoBCit  com* 
paaye.  Bat  the  Freachanea  they  parpoae 
to  oatbrage  as  with  aaabre ;  they 
as  they  saye  with  €00  horWL  A 
felowe  was  with  aie,  aad  tolde  me  they 
had  node  too,  for  ooa  KngHshman  was 
worth  6  French  bmb«  both  in  warreaad 
pease.  The?  caasme  al  in  blak  far  dad 
[dole,  moarung]  of  the  Dake  of  Oriy- 
aaace,  and  I  thinke  Fssqaillas,  if  he  be 
mery,  wyl  saye  they  canate  soo  prostrate, 
fmiU  retie,  to  sdie  peace.  Master  Secre- 
tarye,  if  we  take  peace  aowe  we  establishe 
the  Yaliaoatnesse  of  Eagload  for  ever ;  if 
we  leare  game  nowe  we  be  wooderfol  wya* 
;  we  be  esteemed  to  have  treasare 

and  to  ezcede  al  other  in  falyaal- 

(1.  WL) 


1853,] 


Sir  Francis  Dryan  wrute  excellent 
l«ttera,  an  ve  linvc  bcrorc  remnrke^l ; 
itmigbtrorirartl,  vigorous,  and  clear. 
Boner's  qiislokrj  alyk-  was  OKTubc 
but  tiDOOtb,  mill  for  lliat  time  ex- 
tremely plensant :  wilnesn  t!ie  fullow- 
irg— 

The  fuit  of  this  tnouetbe,  about  !l  of  the 

eloek  in  the  morning,   I toko  my 

mule,  and  went  (o  (be  covrte,  being  berc 
■t  (lie  Lo*cr  [Louvre],  And  nt  my  cam- 
ming thjder,  I  lawe  b  merveloui  great 
compinie  of  all  BDrles  of  periotu  itanding 
tl  the  cowrtc  gate,  the  »ii<l  gate  heing  fait 
*hutt«,  led  they  tarieng  Ibe  openjng  of 
the  ume.  And  when  I,  meneyliiigbereat, 
enqnired  Ibe  caaac  thereof,  it  was  anaweied 
onto  me,  thai  the  Frencbe  King  that  night 


.VMM  Papfi-s  ofBetiri/  Vllf. 


n  f  ery  x 


e  leke,  a 


ind  therefor  hod  commanded  the 
gates  to  be  abatte,  ye,  and  also  (he  kayes 
to  be  brought  ugi  into  bis  own  chara- 
bre.  Whiehe  (hinge  epjiered  to  me  Tery 
itiannge,  ye,  »Dd  the  very  tale  incredible 
at  (lie  firit  beeinoing.  for  Iroathe  it  it, 
that  the  day  hefor,  wbieb  wu  the  feat  of 
Saynt  Auilrewe,  tlie  Prenclie  King  cam 
douwne  in  to  hii  cba|iell  at  the  Lover, 
bavyng  on  Ibe  habile  of  the  Emperour'a 
Drder,  and  at  (bat  tyme  loked  db  Initclie, 
and  went  at  u|)rigbt  to  the  offring,  bare. 
heded.  without  gifling  any  denionitration 
or  token  of  any  leknea  Bt  all,  as  ever  I 
lane  bym  iu  my  Ijff.  Whcrfor,  takyng 
(he  (als  (or  untrewe,  ]  conjectured  that 
the  kepitig  doie  of  the  gatet  alter  that 
■orte  was  made  and  dooa  for  lame  other 
purpote,  eipcciallj  for  somme  mariage 
there  to  be  made,  which  tliey  woold  not 
openlie  to  he  koowen  at  tlie  beginnyng. 
But,  when  I  bad  herd  (hia  other  report 
eftaonei  reheried,  and  (bat  of  thoie  that 
were  of  good  reputation  and  honeBtic,  I 
suipended  my  jugement ;  and.  not  lufTred 
(o  COD)  in.  reloumed  a  li((1e  hak.  and 
wcnl  in(a  the  tilte  yarde  beyng  therbie, 
where  I  aawe  tlie  lillo  newlie  amended  and 
»et  up  agayn;  and  tbete  I  found  altn  a 
iny  greet  companye,  and  that  of  all 
■nrt«,  whicbe  ther  walked,  tarieng  the 
openjDg  of  the  gates.  Now  bjtwenc  10 
and  1 1  (be  gatei  were  opened,  and,  having 
knowlfge  (hereof  by  my  lakkye,  whom  I 
lrf(  for  (lia(  purpoic  to  giff  me  knowlege, 
I  enlred,  and  bytweene  II  and  12  the 
Frenche  King  eiui  out  of  bii  chamber,  by 
hit  pryvey  and  tecrele  itayre,  in  to  Ibe 
diapell,  wher  he  waa  the  day  befor,  havyng 
on  iiym  a  gown  of  taffeta  furred  with  sa- 
ble* gurded  unlohyui,  bis  hntkynsfurred, 
■nd  under  his  bonet  a  velvet  night  cap, 
looking  very  pale  and  wondcroua  eve)  upon 
i>-  1  luccvtyled  to  tee  thli  ibarte  and 
■  "    '"  d  conjectured  lh*t  he 


had  made,  aa  was  not  unlike, 
the  night  befor.  Al  the  maise  while 
(which  wuK  not  long)  he  kneled  nye  unto 
the  aulter,  and  son  crache  and  croked  he 
wa<  at  the  ryaiug  up  from  hia  place,  that 
lie  waa  holpen  by  the  Cardinal  of  Loreyne 
on  the  ooa  syde  and  the  Conte  of  St,  Pol 
on  the  other  side  to  riae  up,  and  yet,  as 
me  thought,  ail  litle  enougho  to  act  hym 
a  fote.  lacontineiiUie  at  he  waa  U|),  be 
tomed  ther,  aa  the  Dolpbyneaie  waB  with 
Madame  de  Eatampea,  sad  other  lodyeB, 
and  talked  he  did  with  (beym,  eapeciallie 
with  Madame  de  Eatampea,  a  good  white, 
she  makyng  to  hym  very  mery  counte- 
nance and  good  cbere  ;  and  afteiwardei 
the  Frenche  King  went  up  by  hia  pryiey 
itayert  agayn,  I  boo  (landing  that  be 
might  and  did  lee  me,  if  he  wootd  ougbl 
haco  uid  or  doon  at  that  tyme.  The 
tame  daye  the  couatable  brought  not  the 
kiDg  to  the  chapell,  hut  loon  as  the  king 
was  comme  to  maaie.  ho  went  straight  to 
dyner  in  to  hia  awn  chamber-  A.ud,  Syre, 
as  the  galea  were  this  first  day  kept  close, 
and  Doone  euffred  to  commc  in  therat  til 
it  be  about  10  of  the  clock,  aoo  are  they 
hitherto  contynuallie  kept.  Oon  of  the 
Frenche  kinges  surgeont  reporteth  that  the 
Frenche  king  of  late  in  bunting  did  hurte 
oon  of  liis  fete  in  the  ancle,  whicbe  novr, 
■a  he  aaielh,  payneth  hym  a  great  deale. 
Other  reporle  that  be  hath  the  gowte ; 
other  that  it  ia  sugnlBhe  of  mynde,  that 
he  balb  not  no  like  to  have  Myllan  i  and 
Bomme  saje  thai  it  is  his  oolde  dyaaiae, 
(viU.  107.) 

Sir  lliomaa  Wynt's  letters  nre  ex- 
tremely good,  lie  cxccIb  in  the  mi- 
nute recital  of  conversaliocu,  and  de- 
Bcrlbes  bimsdf  to  bave  spoken,  in  all 
iutervicws  with  Emperor  or  King,  in  a 
bold,  plain,  masterly  way,  which  often 
puxzled  the  person  be  addreised.  Like 
bU  reporters,  he  generally  gives  him- 
self the  best  of  the  argument.  The 
following  ii  part  of  hia  report  of  a  long 
interview  with  the  Emperor. 

"Sir,"  quod  1,  "  I  have  also  to  com. 
plaine  unto  your  majeilye  off  the  evill 
entretyng,  by  tlie  laqaisition,  of  (be  Ing- 
lithe  merchsuteB  that  trafique  in  your 
contrya  off  Spayoe,  and  not  only  of  there 
byballff,  that  off  Ute  have  wrytten  theroff 
unto  me,  but  also  on  byhallS  of  (he  kyng 
my  maater,  to  whole  bande*  the  tame 
letter  off  thcire  complaint  is  come ;  "  and 
therwith  declaryd  unto  hym  accordyng  aa 
the  letter  eipreaayth,  and  deaird  that  (here 
myght  erodtetse  shortly  therein.  Where- 
unto  he  answered,  that  the  auctoryte  of 
the  luquiBitiDn  depemiid  not  upon  hym, 
and  Ibot  it  balbe  been  stablishe  in  hia 
realnes  and  contria  for  goodly  cooiider- 


J 


246 


State  Papert  of  Henry  VIIL 


[Sqi*. 


•tions,  and  suche  as  bf  voll  not  breke,  no 
not  for  bi»  graodaroe ;  and  tbat  therfore 
thei,  tbat  voll  lyve  in  hU  contrU,  moft 
lyre  as  tbei  that  lyre  there ;  and  the  Ing- 
Uahe  men,  if  thei  woU  hare  eny  comudite 
tbens  owt,  must  obey  bit  lava.  To  this  1 
replid,  that  at  my  beiag  in  Spayne,  it 
lemid  unto  bimsellfr  resonmble  that  1  had 
propoftid  for  our  nations  trafiqne,  that 
there  vere  moderation  had  in  respect  of 
that  office,  and  that  for  that  purpos  Covos, 
Grandrela,  and  one  off  the  Inqnisiticm,  by 
hU  commandment,  had  conference  to  pyder 
with  me ;  where  I  declaryd  that,  sins  your 
oujestye  concurrid  and  a^reid  with  all 
notable  cerymonyes  usid  in  the  Chyrche, 
with  punishmentes  of  beresis,  as  Sacra- 
mentaryB,  Anabaptisten,  and  other,  and 
the  difference  alone  was  but  abovt  the 
Bisshop  of  Rome,  tbat  then  it  vas  thowght 
resonable  tbkt  no  such  rygoor  sbold  be 
usid,  specially  in  that  case  vhere  tbei 
must  be  alredy  condemnyd  as  mayni  as  be 
your  true  subjecten,  and  dryren  to  that 
eztremite  to  lose  there  body  and  goodes, 
or  elles  at  home,  (?)  body  and  goodes.  To 
this  be  answered,  "  The  kinge  is  of  one 
opinion,  and  I  am  of  an  other ;  and  tho, 
as  yov  say,  there  were  communication 
apon  this,  it  was  not  agreU  to.  I  assure 
yow,  if  your  marchantes  come  with  any 
nOTellances,  I  can  not  lett  the  Inquisition. 
This  is  a  thing  tbat  towchith  our  faytbe." 
**  What,  sir,*'  quod  1,  **tbe  primacy  of 
the  bisbopp  of  Rome  ?  *'  "  Ye,  mary,'' 
quod  he,  "it  is  plaine  agayne  the  princi- 
pall ;  there  be  tbinges  that  mak  for  it, 
that  it  is  dejure  dimno^  canon  and  cyvile, 
and  this  is  a  poynt  against  the  pryncypall.** 
'*  Sir,''  quod  I,  "  almost  thei  them  sellffes 
durst  never  claime  that  de  jure  divino.** 
"  What,"  quod  he,  **  Mons'  PEmbassa- 
dour,  shall  we  now  come  to  dispute  that 
of  tibi  d^bo  clavet  ^  I  assure  yow  I 
woU  not  altre  my  Inquisition;  no,  nor 
if  I  thowght  thei  wold  be  neclegent  in 
thire  officice,  I  voUd  put  them  owt,  and 
put  other  in  the  rome,  at  the  lest  wryte 
that  thei  sbold  be  altrid,  whilst  I  put  in 
other."  '•  Sir,"  quod  I,  "  1  come  not  to 
dispute,  I  ame  not  lernid.  This  semith 
other  wyse  answerd,  then  afore  this  I  have 
sene  your  majestye  disposid.  By  this 
meens  the  Bisbopp  of  Rome  shall  not  nede 
by  excommunication  to  take  away  the 
trafique  and  entrecours  of  marchantes  be- 
twixt your  marchantes  and  ours  ;  for  this 
sbalbe  allone  sufiieient.  The  king,  my 
ma8t«;r,  must  provid  for  the  indcmpoite 
of  his  subjectes  and  woldo."  **  He  may," 
quod  he,  "  if  he  woll ;  if  he  woU  se  there 
be  no  such  opinions  as  shall  differ  from 
us  all."  "Well,  sir,"  quod  I,  "then 
shall  I  vryte  unto  the  kyng  your  brother 
for  answer,   that,  onles  we  chainge  our 


opinion  in  this,  we  shall  loke  fiDr  no  re- 
dressf  ? "  Here  at  a  lit  ill  be  stayd. 
"  Mons'  PEmbassadour,*'  quod  be,  *'  I 
woll  answer  bvm,  I  voll  ansver  faTtt  ny- 
sellff."  "A*  it  fhall  pleae  yo^,  sir," 
quod  1,  '*  or  elles  to  gyre  me  your  answer 
by  wryting."  **  I  woll  wryte,"  quod  he. 
"By  my  trovght,  fir,"  quod.  I,  "  Ibe 
kyng  cin  do  no  lesse  then  to  do  it  to  be 
knowoe  openly  to  all  his  subjectes,  tbat  as 
mayni  as  wall  trafiqne  in  to  Spune,  that 
tbei  do  it  at  their  adventure,  for  that  there 
is  a  powre  dei)ending  upjn  his  adTcmry 
and  enemy  the  Bishop  of  Rome,  and  not 
apon  your  majestye,  against  the  wicbe  the 
tretis  bytwene  vow  and  hym  can  not  war- 
rant them."  "'  In  that,"  quod  he,  "  die 
kyn^  may  do  as  it  ^lall  plese  hym." 
"  Sir/'  quod  Mr.  Tate,  "  whilst  I  wms  in 
Spaine  it  vas  promised  and  there  so  nsid 
that  there  vas  no  eztremite  shevd  ;  what 
it  sbold  mene  tbat  sena  your  departing  it 
is  thus  altryd  I  can  not  tell;  for  men  may 
be  desirus  to  sett  so  band  in  other  mens 
goodes  that  there  may  quarelles  pykkyd 
for  that  purpos  ynowgh.  For  I  know  well 
tbat  the  merchantes  were  by  your  minis- 
tres  reque<it  varnid  that  thei  diold  notbcr 
toche  nor  do  nothing  contrary  to  the  cna- 
toms  of  your  contrys,  and  that  there  ahold 
no  man  medle  with  them."     "  It  may  be,** 

?uod  the  Emperour,  "  that  tbei  have  done, 
woll  vryte  to  the  Cardinall  of  Toledo, 
that  is  Inquisitor  Maior,  that  I  may  be 
informid  ;  for  this  is  but  on  partie.** 
"Nay,  sir,"  quod  I,  "  this  is  ex  ofido, 
that  thei  troble  our  nation  ;  for  tbei  hare 
that,  that  tho  a  man  lyve  never  so  up* 
ryghtly,  by  theire  examinations  thei  shall 
trap  him,  where  there  is  no  publication  of 
wittnesis."  "  I  can  not  tell  yow,"  quod 
he  ;  "  but  gyve  me  that  by  wrytyag , 
wheroff  ye  fynd  ye  grevid,  and  I  ahall 
wryte  by  the  next  in  to  Spain  to  informe 
me."  '•  Sir."  quod  I,  "  Mons' de  Grand- 
vele  hath  alredy  the  very  copie  of  diat 
part  of  the  letter  that  was  sent  me." 
"  Well,"  quod  he,  "  I  shaU  se  it,"  «*  Bat 
there  is  yet  more,  sir."  quod  I,  '*  prechers 
be  set  forthe  that  diffmme  the  kyng  and 
the  nation,  and  provoke  your  subjectes 
agaynst  the  kynges."  "As  in  that," 
quod  he,  "  prechers  woll  speke  agaynst 
mysellff  when  ever  there  is  cause ;  tbat  can 
not  be  lett."  "  Why,  sir,"  quod  I,  "  your 
seliff  have,  ere  this,  commaundid  other 
ways,  when  1  was  in  Toledo,  in  like  caas." 
•*  1  woll  tell  yow,  MonsM'Embassadour," 
quod  be,  "  kynges  be  not  kinges  of  tonges, 
and  if  men  gyve  cause  to  be  spokoi  off 
tbei  voll  be  spoken  off :  there  is  no 
remedy."  I  stode  at  this,  and  avisid  hym 
emestly;  and  he  made  some  countenance, 
as  tho  he  wold  have  bene  at  a  poynt,  and 
I  withdrew  me  a  litill ;  when  Mr.  Tate 


1858.] 


State  Papers  of  Henry  VIIL 


247 


declarid  unto  hym  hit  reTokation  very 
soberly,  and  with  good  wordes  desird  to 
know  also  if  he  wold  wryte  eny  thing,  or 
participate  eoy  thing  to  your  majestye. 
Wbereunto  he  answerd,  alowyng  his  good 
office,  that  he  had  done,  whilst  he  had 
bene  with  hym,  and  sayd  he  wold  wryte 
unto  your  hyghnes :  and  so  he  toke  his 
lere.  (viii.  227.) 

Sir  John  Wallop  details  his  military 
proceedings  fully  and  clearly.  Ni- 
cholas Wotton  is  one  of  the  best  letter- 
writers  of  them  all.  His  letters  to 
Henry  VIH.  are  clever  although  for- 
mal recitals  of  interviews  detailed  after 
the  fashion  of  Sir  Thomas  Wyat,  but 
in  his  more  freely  written  letters  to 
the  Secretary  we  have  occasional  little 
incidents  told  more  briefly  but  with  a 
pleasant  natural  humour,  which  is  a 
rare  quality  everywhere,  and  es{)ecially 
rare  in  these  volumes.     For  example : 

Tandem,  after  a  good  longe  deliberation, 
the  French  King  hath  sent  me  a  present. 
Hit  was  shewid  me  that  it  cowde  not  be 
made  no  sooner;  but  I  see  in  a  mancr  no 
new  wrought  thinge  in  it.  Axid  emonges 
it  there  are  two  cuppes  which  1  solde  away 
to  a  goldesmyth  when  I  was  at  Parys. 
The  said  cuppes  love  me  so  well  that  they 
are  nowe  returnid  to  me  agayne.  Marye, 
indeed,  I  solde  theym  nakid,  but  they  re- 
tumid  to  me  fayre  boumisshed,  and  cotid 
with  good  cases.  And,  forby cause  I  had 
theym  as  good  chepe,  when  they  came  to 
me  fyrste,  as  I  had  theym  nowe,  I  entende, 
God  willing,  to  selle  theym  agayne ;  trust- 
ing that  they  lofe  me  so  well,  that  they 
will  not  be  longe  from  me,  but  will  return 
to  me  agayne.     (zi.  3 1 8,) 

Paget  is  another  excellent  letter- 
writer.  There  is  indeed  more  heart 
and  feeling  in  his  letters  to  Petre  than 
in  any  others  in  this  collection.  He 
occasionally  exhibits  a  little  undiplo- 
matic excitement  at  the  falsehood  and 
hollowness  of  the  people  with  whom  he 
was  treating,  and  in  his  own  nature 
was  probably  rather  too  open  and 
candid  to  be  a  first-rate  ambassador, 
but  the  King  evidently  put  great  trust 
in  his  honesty,  and  not  a  little,  also,  in 
his  judgment.  He  was  mainly  instru- 
mental in  overcoming  the  scruples  of 
Henry  VHI.  as  to  the  surrender  of 
Boulogne,  thus  bringing  about  the 
peace  with  France  in  1546. 

Charles  V.  was  frequently  ill  with 
guut  and  other  ailments,  and  at  these 
times  would  not  see  any  ambassadors. 
Paget  oilen  expresses  openly  his  belief 


that  these  attacks  were  mere  diplomatic 
illnesses.    Thus  in  March  15^-5. 

As  for  his  sicknes,  howsoever  it  greveth 
him  inwardly  1  know  not,  but  outwardly 
I  sawe  in  his  face,  and  of  the  quicknes  and 
lowde  and  lyvely  spekiagof  him,  a  greater 
apparaunce  of  helth  then  he  showed  to 
have  at  my  being  with  him  in  somer.  And 
to  saye  truely  to  you  my  fantazie,  I  think 
verily  he  hath  ben  no  more  sick  than  I  ami 
but  useth  it  for  a  policy,     (z.  320.) 

In  December  he  writes  again — 

ThEmperour's  gowte  servith  him  to 
purpose  allway,  as  his  diet  did  last  yerOi 
and  wilbe  an  honest  ezcuse  for  him  to 
thempyre  for  not  beyng  there  present,  u 
he  promised  at  the  diet.  That  man  is  of 
a  wonderful  practise,     (z.  766.) 

Such  plain  writing  is  not  more  un* 
like  the  ordinary  style  of  diplomatists 
than  the  heartiness  of  the  following : — 

By  your  letters  of  the  6th  of  this  pre- 
sent I  perceyve  you  have  receyved  my 
sundry  letters,  and  shewed  the  same  to  the 
kinges  majestic ;  and  do  gather  by  that  is 
put  out  and  in  your  sayd  letter,  the  kinges 
majestie  shuld  not  take  allthing  the  best, 
mju  wo  often  mencionyng  of  peax  in  my 
letter,  willing  you  to  write  to  me  specially 
to  have  respect  to  our  treaty.'  Mr.  Peter, 
no  man  lyving  takyth  so  moche  care  as  I 
do,  for  the  avoyding  of  every  manor  a 
thing,  which  myght  offend  his  majestie,  not 
for  any  servile  feare  (for  theyr  is  non  in 
me),  but  for  the  singular  love  and  entyer 
affection,  which  God,  my  conscience,  and 
honesty  have  graffed  and  nourished  in  my 
hart,  to  my  soverayn  and  most  benign  and 
gentle  maister.  As  for  peaz,  when  I  re- 
membre  that  God  is  thauthor  of  it,  ye, 
peaz  it  self,  and  that  Christ  praised  alwayes 
peacible  men  all  the  tyme  of  His  beyng 
among  men  visibly,  and  at  His  departing 
from  them  recommended  most  specially 
})eaz ;  I  cannot  but  praise  peaz,  desyre 
peaz,  and  helpe  to  my  power  thavaunce* 
ment  of  peaz.  And,  albeit  I  know  I  am 
not  the  wisest  mau,  yet  fur  that  knowledge 
I  have  gotten  by  so  often  heryng  so  wise  a 
maister  as  myn  is,  and  having  had  the  fre- 
quent conversation  of  so  wise  a  cumpany 
as  1  have  haunted  now  well  nere  6  yeres, 
besides  myn  ezersise  10  yeres  togidres 
before  that  in  his  majesties  service ;  I  see, 
and  BO  doth  all  his  majesties  counsail,  as 
both  I  and  yow  have  herd  them  say  when 
they  ar  togiders,  the  contyo  nance  of  the 
warre,  for  the  charge  therof  so  inoertain, 
the  wayes  and  meanes  for  the  relief  Iherof 
so  strait  and  at  such  an  ebbe,  and  thende 
in  this  caoe  of  the  warrs  so  dannaaroaa.  as 
my  hart  blodith  in  n? 
of  it.    Ye,Mr.Fifer 


iM8 


lh\  Bathui'Mt,  BUhop  of  Morwivh. 


[Sept 


it,   my   lioily  tremMctb,   and   myn  eyes 
water.    Whcrfor  ?    For  mx  self  ?    No,  no, 
Mr.  IVtcr !     1  thank  God  of  His  grace  I 
know  my  vflf,  my  lii^.  my  deth,  and  what 
all  other  thini^>«  in  this  world  wayth,  and 
what  the  value  of  them  is.     So  as  we  had 
peax  to  the  kingcs  majesties  sati»factioD,  I 
woohl  gladly  be  sacrificed  for  it,  if  my  deth 
myi;ht  helpe  forward  the  matter.     I  pray 
you  most  hambly,  on  yoar  knees,  on  my 
behaulf,  to  beseche  his  majestic,  and.  eren 
now  absent,  I  beseche  hym,  on  my  knees, 
to  think  that  1  will  hate  as  moche  respect 
to  the  treaty,  and  hsve  had  ^what  soerer  I 
write  home  to  you,  which  ar  my  deere 
compagnion  for  the  opcnyng  of  my  hart, 
and  to  be  shewed  to  his  majestie  if  you 
think  it  mete,  at  1  think  mete  nothing  to 
be  kept  from  hym,  and  I  wold  to  Godes 
pasMoa  ho  myi;ht  see  crery  man's  hart,  as 
wel  as  his  face),  as  becummyth  a  good  ser- 
▼aunt  and  a  fay thfull.  to  hare  for  thavaunc- 
yng  of  his  maister's  desyre.     And  we  hare 
here  shewed  our  selfes*  so  Htle  to  desyre 
peax,  onles  we  myght  hiTe  as  moche  as 
our  selfes  li»ted  for  oor  maister.  as  they 
with  whom  we  treate  woold  have  f urthwith 
broken  of  and  departed,  and  wc,  but  for 
want  of  knoweledge  of  our  maisters  plea- 
sure, woold  have  done  the  same,  we  did  so 
litle  esteme  peax  in  the  face  of  our  enemye. 
As  for  tbeyr  practise  to  wynne  tyme,  1  see 
it  not  in  them,  what  soever  our  cold  frendes 
say.     If  they  mcnt  that,  they  woold  rather 
seke  meanes  for  longer  tyme,  then  to  de- 
syre to  have  ended  the  matter  at  our  furst 
meting,  and  to  determyn  (as  they  do)  but 
one  metinz  more  for  a  resolute  answer  on 
bothe  partes;  this  is  not,  me  thyukyth, 
no  wiyei  to  Wynne  tyme.     No,  no,  Mr. 
Pettr ;  the  French  practises  now  a  dayes 
Im  but  bare  sreare  to  other  mens  practises. 
When  ihty  list  to  lye,  they  lye  playnly ; 
when  they  woold  have  a  thing,  they  aske 
it  pUynly  ;  when  they  woold  not  gyve  a 
thmaf,  tr.ey  'i#;nye  it  playnly.     The  grele 
fsril^  i.-i  x}.f.   Frenchman  is,  that  reason 
rnKtrr   mXv.'u.    but   when   necessite    con- 
^trvynyth   hym,  more  then  his  enemye; 
•tA  then  «LalI  you  have  of  hym  what  you 
will. 


One  further  extract  before  wc  htvc 
tlonc  with  Paget — 

I  rcmcmbre  President  Scoryo's  tak  to 
me,  at  my  last  being  with  thcmperour,  of 
one  that  beyng  condemned  to  dye  by  a 
certain  king,  which  had  an  warn  wherin  he 
had  grct  felicite ;  the  man  offred,  to  wm 
his  lief,  that  within  a  12  moneCh  he  woold 
make  the  kingei  asse  to  ^wke,  wheremto 
the  king  accorded.    And,  ^T^g^^  ^^ 
the  man  by  a  firend  of  hit,  **  What !  k  « 
impoarible."    "  Hold  thy  penx,"  V^J^ 
in  French  (for  it  waa  King  Loye  the  rf*). 
*•  car  ou  le  Roy  morera,  on  lemo  "f*"*? 
on  lasne  parlera,  ou  jc  monrera  ;"  «gnily- 
ing  thereby  that  in  tyme   many  things 
altered.   And  so.  ere  the  tyme  of  p«ymait 
cum,  eythcr  we  shall  make  torn  aewbar« 
gayn  to  kepc  Bnlloyn  itil,  or  tlie  French 
king,  for  want  of  keping  his  convcnamit, 
shall  forfeit  it,  or  the  French  king  iloll 
dye,  and  thenne  his  sonne  nedes  not  byh» 
othe  or  honour  desyre  to  much  the  reeo- 
▼ery  of  it,  or  sum  other  thing  will  cbnnet 
in  the  mean  tyme  that  we  ahd  kepe  finl- 
lovn  stiU.     But  aa  God  will,  io  it  mnit 
beV'  (xi.  1G4.) 

ThirIbj,LonlLialc(nftcrwmnlfDuke 
of  Northumberland),  and  one  or  two 
more,  wrote  (luoteablc  letters  but  we 
have  run  on  beyond  our  customaiy 
allotment  of  space,  and  miut  coodiide 
at  once. 

The  work  ia  so  cambrous;  is,  tor 
the  greater  part,  so  uninterestin^and 
adds  so  little  to  our  preTioiu  dhiw- 
ledgo  of  the  historical  facto  to  wbidi  it 
relates,  that  we  cannot  n^ret  to  kani 
that  with  it  the  intended  pubUcatioo 
of  documents  by  these  commianQiiers 
comes  to  an  end.  We  tmst  tlieir  de- 
sigiievl  calendar  of  docimients  sob- 
so<iuent  to  Henry  VIII.  will  be  coin- 
piled  upon  well-considered  priociplett 
and  will  be  published  widi  sometkiag 
like  reasonable  expedition.  On  bow 
these  points  the  present  miblicatioa 
has  little  claims  to  conunenoatioB. 


DR.  BATHURST,  BISHOP  OF  NORWICH. 

MfTnoirs  and  Corre^-pondence  of  Dr.  Henry  Bathurst,  Lord  Biahop  of  Norwkk. 
By  h'\%  (laughter,  Mrs.  Thist'lethwayte.     18.'i3,  8to. 

Ol  K  riradcfii  will  rf'iiiemb<T  that  Bathurst;*  and  when  our  eyes  first 
this  n  not  the  firn  timo  that  the  world  lifrhtcj]  up^^n  the  present  thick  octaTO» 
"^  been  fuvrmrerl  with  a  Life  of  Hi*l.op     dcvotol  to  the  biograpby  of  1 


biography  of  that 


•  Memoirs  of  the  bte  Dr.  Henry  Bathurst,  Lord  Bishop  of  Norwich,  by  hii 

**V"*»»'y  B»thurst,  Arehdeacon  of  Norwich.    1839.     TwotoU.; 
vol.  A  I.  p.  o05. 

4 


1853.] 


Dr.  Sathursl,  Bishop  of  Norwich. 


IJTwl,  venerable,  but  not  very  brilliant  o  stron"  ground  of  justification  for  i 

man,  ire  did  feel,  vre  roust  confuss,  a  pre^mf  Memoir  is  formed  bj  the  ci 

little  Blitrtlcd.     Dear  to  our  liearU  aa  eideratiou  of  the  jwit.    An  aUectionate 

was  the  niimo,  and  plenaunt  as  it  was  uid  favourite  daughter  could  scarcelj 

tgaln  to  see  a  representation  of  the  be  content  tliat  the  only  record  of  her 

nell-rcmenibcred  benignant  featurce,  father's  life  should  be  one  steeped  i) 

we  felt  a  little  shrinking  from  the  idea  bitterness,  env^,  and  uncharitablene« 

of  his  being  called,  once  more,  at  this  We  do  not  wi'ite  tliis  in  anger.     The  ] 

time  of  daj,  before  the  tribunal  of  oQender  has  gone  to  his  account 

public  criticism.     When,  however,  we  was  no  doubt  under  the  influence  of  »    | 

turn  over  the  pages  which  his  daughter  delusion,  and  should  be  judged  with 

'---  given  to  the  world,  and  en-  forbearance  j  but,  the  facts  being  what 


deavour,  ati  it  is  but  fair  to  do,  to  put 
ourselves  in  her  position,  we  are  much 
inclined  to  recall  any  hasty  e;«pression 
of  doubt  about  the  matter.  It  should 
be  borne  in  mind  that  it  must  seem 

Sieuliarly  hard  to  a  member  of  Bishop 
Alhursts  family  (knowine,  as  every 
one  docs,  the  peculiar  estimation  in 
which  his  virtuous  and  consistent  cha- 
racter was  held  through  a  long  life  by 


a   vast   number   of  thi 
public  should  be  left 


leadin;^ 
rica,)  that  the 
n  absolutely 


have  stated,  the  a, 
more  fitting  memoir  of  Dr.  Bathurst 
some  time  or  other  was  surely  ti 
antit^ipated. 

Being  thus  ready  to  allow  nil  due  1 
weight  to  Mrs.  Tiiisllethwayle'a  mo- 
tives, and  disposed  cordially  to  wel< 
come  a  new  Life  of  one  of  the  kindliest  I 
of  men  ^ifwe  may  not  soj  one  of  tbs  | 
bestof  bishops),  we  wish  wee 
mend  the  present  book  more  hiahl^ ;  but 
it  has  in  truth  done  nothing  to  ueighten 
morolEy  or  intellectually, 


unfavourable  position  for  judging  of  tboucb  Jl  removes  the  oflensivo  ma- 

him.    It  was  not  merely  that  no  record  terial  with  which  Archdeacon  Bathurst 

had  appeared, — that  would  have  been  has  surrounded  it.   We  still  can  scaKelf 

a  less  serious  thing ;  but  nn  injudicious,  think  that  the  best  use  has  been  made 

acrimonious booknadcomefbrth,under  of  materials.     It  seems  to  us  incon- 

the  auspices  of  a  son.    With  excellent  ceivable  that  one  whose  life  was  passed 

taste,  no  reference  is  made  to  this  un-  in  what  was  the  beat  society  of  his  day, 

fortunate  publication   in   the  present  who  knew  nearly  every  man  of  mark 

work,  excepting  indeed  by  the  highly  during  the  interesting  years  ranging 

^per  insertion  of  a  letter  of  the  late  irom  1770  to  1830  (in  which  apace  we 

DuKe  of  Sussex,  which,  placed  ns  it  is  only  include  the  sixty  prime  years  of 

at  the  end  of  Mrs.  Thistle th way te's  his  life)  should  hiive  left  so  litdo  that 


book,  must  be  understood  as  conveying 
by  implication  the  family  protest  against 
that  most  unfortunate  iwrfomianae, 

I  r^el  convinced  (asji  the  Duke)  that 
were  the  dear  old  prelate 
■gain,  and  to  diicorer  thai 
history,  advantogs  had  been  tikea,  from 
penonsi  piqui  and  diuppojnted  bopea,  to 
make  it  a  vehicle  for  publiihing  and  pro- 
piKSting  mitconceptiona,  if  not  calumnies, 

BgaiuBt  a  political  body  of  men 

with  vhom  he  was  in  ^e  habit  of  liiin);  on 
the  moit  friendly  and  confideDtial  terms, 
bis  pure  soul  would  condemn  the  pei 


remarkable,  either  in  the  letters  of 
his  contemporaries  or  his  own.  A  lar^ 
part,  indeed,  of  the  correspondence  is 
of  a  mere  gentle  family  sind;  and, 
come  to  life  amukble  as  be  appears  throughout,  the 
writing  Lis  chronicle  is  one  mainly  of  decay.  The 
words  "  in  life's  lost  stage"  are  repeated 
with  tedious  frequency.  Thefewaiiec- 
dotea  given,  where  they  have  not  ap- 
peared already  in  the  Archdeacon's 
memoir,  arc  poor,  and  wimting  tn  spirit 
and  character.    There  are  occasionally 


____    specimens  of  hia  political  letters,  and 

veDtnring  upon  luch  a  Mik  under'thV^b     ft"  of  those  highly  characteristic  com- 

"'  ""    "■        '    "■    nnd  justice,  and  cen-     munications  whi 


of  affection,  troth,  and  justice, 
sore  him  for  so  act  so  completely 
tnce  with  the  niibe*  conitaDlljr  eipreued 
by  htinaeir  in  bit  conTcrEC  with  the  world, 
&c.  (lllusLB.  p.  GIH.] 

Many  years  have  passed  awny  since 

this  letter,  bearing  date  June  2nd, 

1637,  was  written.     It  failed  to  slay 

the  publication  alluded  to ;  and  surely 

Gbht,  Maq.  Vol.  XL, 


j        the  publicat 
U  Gbht,  M. 


showed  him  at  once  in  the  li^ht  of  k 
proleetor  of  idl  whom  he  believed  to 
be  good  Christians,  whether  Church- 
men or  Disaentera;  while  the  gently 
expreased  censures  of  his  pen  lefl  the 
bigot  no  pretext  for  being  offended 
with  the  censurer.  But,  aliliough  we 
find  n  soQil  deal  that  tells  with  truth 
2K 


250 


Dr.  JSathursty  Bishop  of  Norwich. 


[Sept. 


and  simplicity  the  honest,  engaging 
qualities  of  the  worthy  bishop,  we  cer- 
tainly miss  much,  verj  much,  which 
should  have  been  there.  It  surprises 
us,  for  instance,  that  there  is  so  very 
little  trace  of  the  distinctively  religious 
element ;  and  we  cannot  but  think  that 
injustice  is  done  to  his  memory  by  such 
an  omission. 

Mrs.  Thistlethwayte  is,  we  think, 
unfortunate  in  her  comparison  of  her 
father  with  Fenelon.  It  is  true  that 
in  general  amiability  and  toleration 
thej  were  alike ;  but  the  leading  charac- 
teristic of  Fenelon  surely  is  the  depth 
of  his  spirituality.  Now,  if  our  bishop 
meditated,  no  trace  of  his  meditations 
appears.  His  letters,  even  when  ad- 
vertinff  to  the  most  solenm  events,  are 
remarkably  devoid  of  allusion  to  re- 
ligious hopes  and  fears.  With  the 
single  exception  of  the  treatise  *^on 
the  recognition  of  friends  in  a  future 
state,*^  there  is  really  hardly  anything 
bringing  the  bishop  before  us  as  a  re- 
li^ous  teacher  at  all.  It  is  because 
we  feel  no  doubt  of  his  inward  piety 
that  we  regret  the  absence  of  some 
specimens  of  his  thoughts  on  those 
▼ital  questions  which  must  have  been 
firequently  before  his  mind.  The  in- 
Taluable  testimony  of  Mr.  J.J.  Gumey 
b  enough  fully  to  satisfy  our  minds  as 
to  his  interest  in  them,  but  not  suffi- 
cient to  make  this  record  of  his  mind 
by  any  means  complete.  We  miss  the 
fervency  and  unction  of  both  Arnold 
and  Stanley.  Both  were  men  of  action, 
both  men  warmly  interested  in  tem- 
poral matters ;  but  we  see  them  con- 
stantly recurring  to  the  deeper  truths 
of  the  heart  and  life  in  their  closet^s. 

It  can  be  necessary  on  this  occasion 
to  retrace  but  slightly  the  leading  par- 
ticulars of  Bishop  Bathurst's  life.  He 
was  the  third  child  of  a  second  mar- 
riage, his  father  having  had  twenty- 
two  children  by  the  former  wife,  and 
adding  fourteen  by  the  second !  With 
such  a  progeny,  a  man  can  hardly  be, 
in  all  senses,  rich ;  but  the  Bathursts 
were  an  ancient  and  honourable  race, 
and  helped  one  another,  and  young 
Henry  Batburst,  bom  in  Westmmster, 
Oct.  16,  1754,  was  sent  at  sixteen  as 
founder's  kin  from  Winchester  to  New 
College.  On  the  death  of  his  father, 
the  widow  being  lefl  scantily  provided 
for,  Mr.  Bathurst  determined  to  add 
to  the  profits  of  his  feUowdbip  at  New 


College  for  her  sake,  by  going  out  as 
a  private  tutor;  and,  having  taken 
priest's  orders,  at  twenty-two  he  en- 
tered the  family  of  a  Devonshire  Ba- 
ronet, Sir  Richard  Bamfylde,  submit- 
ting to  very  contumelious  treatment 
rather  than  abandon  his  good  object. 
He  speaks  of  cleaning  his  own  shoes, 
ink  being  his  only  blacking;  and  of 
beine  threatened  with  a  pistol  in  case 
he  lifled  the  eyes  of  affection  on  his 
patron's  daughter;  but  these  things 
seem  to  have  been  taken  very  quietly, 
as  matters  of  course,  and  were  used  only 
for  the  purpose  of  his  own  mental  dis- 
cipline. A  few  years  later,  we  find  him  in 
Ii^land,  deeply  in  love  with  the  daughter 
of  Dean  Coote^-opposed,  however,  by 
her  father,  yet  faithful  and  perse- 
vering, encouraged  aflcr  a  time  oy  his 
knowledge  of  the  state  of  the  lady's 
afiections,  which,  at  the  end  of  four 
years,  remaining  fixed  on  Mr.  Ba- 
thurst, a  reluctant  consent  was  at  last 
extorted  from  the  Dean,  who  gave  her 
but  small  dowry,  and  dismissed  the 


prison 

this  pertinacity.  Toung  Bathurst  had 
dready  a  canonry  at  Uhrist  ChuiSch, 
Oxford,  which  henad  accepted  in  lieu 
of  the  living  of  Bletchingley,  worth 
50(tf.  a-year,  offered  to  him  by  Lord 
Bathurst.  Although  from  the  want  of 
an  index  or  of  any  clear  consecutive 
account  of  his  ecclesiastical  preferments 
of  a  pecuniary  kind  it  is  difficult  to  be 
accurate  in  our  statements,  it  appears 
certain  that  he  held  at  this  time  the 
living  of  Witchingham  in  Norfolk,  and 
some  other  living  m  that  county  quickly 
followed— estimated  jointly  by  Lord 
Chancellor  Bathurst  as  worth  more 
than  the  one  valuable  living  of  Saper- 
ton,  which,  however,  he  afterwards 
held.  There  could  be  no  doubt  at 
least  that  his  personal  prospects  of  pro- 
motion were  good.  His  acquaintance- 
ship with  all  the  cleverest  men  of  the 
time  had  been  largely  increased  by  his 
residence  with  his  uncle  Allen  Lord 
Bathurst,  the  friend  of  Pope,  to  whose 
honoured  old  age  his  nephew  mi- 
nistered after  the  uncomfortable  tutor- 
ship at  Sir  Richard  Banifylde's.  At 
eignty-nine,  the  peer  required  and 
enjoyed  long  daily  classical  readings, 
and  doubtless  contributed  much  to- 
wards strengUiening  in  his  nephew's 


1853.] 


Dr,  Bathursti  Bishop  of  Norwich. 


251 


mind  his  eminent  taste  for  language 
and  refined  literature. 

The  marriage  of  Dr.  Bathurst  took 
place  in  1780.  From  that  time  he  lived 
at  Oxford,  until,  in  1796,  he  accepted 
"the  second-best  stall"  in  Durnam 
Cathedral.  Within  a  few  days  of  that 
time  he  had  the  offer  of  a  bishopric  in 
Ireland ;  but,  averse  to  the  idea  of  a 
residence  in  that  country,  he  at  once 
determined  on  Durham :  and  here,  his 
family  being  now  pretty  numerous,  he 
lived  on  till  the  year  1805  landed  him 
at  the  see  of  Norwich,  thenceforth  to 
be  his  portion  till  his  death  in  1837, 
at  the  advanced  age  of  ninety -three. 

In  such  a  course  there  was  not 
much  of  incident,  and  the  reader  of  Dr. 
Bathurst*s  life  misses  the  rich  personal 
material — the  mind — the  thought — the 
reforming  or  even  the  strongly  con- 
servating  power  which,  in  ecclesiastical 
biography,  has  frequently  stood  in  stead 
of  outwMti  variety.  Unquestionably 
one  of  Dr.  Bathursfs  marked  points 
was  the  view  he  took  of  sqme  political 
questions,  and  this  is  so  much  the  more 
to  be  noted,  because  a  man  of  general 
meekness  is  rarely  rendered  famous 
by  a  long-continued  antagonism  to  his 
mends  and  patrons.  So  it  was,  how- 
ever, with  him.  •  He  owed  all  the  pre- 
ferment he  ever  had  to  Tories,  and 
declined  every  thing  afterwards  offered 
by  the  Whigs — ^yet  he  voted  steadily 
against  the  former  on  some  of  the  most 
important  questions  of  the  time. 

Catholic  emancipation  stood  fore- 
most among  these.  In  and  out  of  Par- 
liament, against  his  clergy  and  against 
numerous  relatives,  justice  to  an  ag- 
grieved body  was  one  of  the  objects  to 
which  he  held  himself  vowed.  His 
arguments  were  not  always  shrewd  or 
sound,  through  conscientiously  offered 
and  vigorousnr  put.  He  chose  to  be- 
lieve that  Roman  Catholicism  had 
parted  with  all  its  will  and  its  power 
of  wrong-doing.  Guileless  himself, 
bat  a  singularly  unpractical  and  even, 
in  many  respects,  a  very  short-sighted 
and  ignorant  churchman,  he  uniformly 
saw  things  as  he  wished  to  see  them, 
and  no  otherwise.  But  though  we 
hold  this  to  be  true  as  respects  his 
judgment,  it  is  impossible  to  speak  with 
too  much  affection  and  respect  of  the 
spirit  in  which  he  urged  his  views,  and 
met  the  opposition  of  other  men.  So 
Utterly  disarming  was  his  kindness, 


his  magnanimity  to  those  who  thwarted 
and  vexed  him  to  the  utmost  of  their 
power,  that  the  most  active  of  his  op- 
ponents has  been  known  in  more  than 
one  instance  to  leave  his  presence  in 
tears,  melted  by  the  generous  kindness, 
the  unfeigned  humility,of  the  venerable 
prelate.  That  his  views  on  the  Catholic 
question  made  him  so  obnoxious  as 
that,  but  for  the  place  he  held  in  good 
men*s  hearts,  he  would  have  been  known 
only  as  one  of  the  most  unpopular 
bishops  of  the  reign  of  George  III. 
is,  we  think,  certain.  His  daughter 
tells  us  of  an  anonymous  letter,  one  of 
many  which  she  saw  him  receive  and 
bum,  in  which  "  the  traitor  Bishop  of 
Norwich "  was  threatened  with  being 
'*  placed  by  the  side  of  Judas  Iscariot, 
the  betrayer  of  our  Lord,  at  the  day 
of  judgment,  instead  of  ranking  with 
the  eleven  Apostles  at  Christ's  right 
hand  on  that  day.**  A  certain  Mr. 
Firth  of  Norwich  (we  suppose  the 
"Mr.  Frith,  or  Mr.  Forth,  or  Mr. 
Froth'*  immortalized  by  Dr.  Parr,) 
was,  if  intemperate,' far  more  manly; 
he  published  a  long  and  somewhat 
violent  letter  to  the  bishop  on  "the 
tendency  of  his  public  opinions.**  To 
any  such  attack  the  prelate  was  never 
in  his  best  days  slow  to  respond.  Hia 
answer  was  brief,  manful,  and  a  model 
of  candour.  He  concludes  a  plain 
statement  of  his  own  unchanged  views 
with  these  words — 

Adieu  1  I  never  yet  thought  the  worse  of 
any  man  on  account  of  his  difTering  from 
me  ia  religious  opinions,  provided  that  in 
defending  what  he  considers  as  the  doc- 
trines of  Christianity  he  does  not  (as  is 
too  frequently  the  case)  lose  sight  of  the 
temper  of  a  Christian ;  and  this  cannot  be 
justly  imputed  to  you.  I  shall  therefore 
be  happy,  when  I  return  to  Norwich,  to 
cultivate  your  acquaintance,  and  to  assure 
you  in  person  that  I  am,  sincerely  yours, 

H.  Norwich. 

We  are  happy  to  add  that  the  invita- 
tion was  accepted,  that  Mr.  Firth  did  go 
to  the  palace,  and  "  feelingly  apologi^ 
for  the  language  he  had  used,"  con- 
fessing that  had  he  before  understood 
the  bishop's  character,  very  different 
would  have  been  his  mode  of  address. 

We  have  given  this  little  specimen 
of  his  tone  to  a  political  opponent. 
Let  the  following  be  taken  as  a  sample 
of  the  manner  in  which  he  intimated 
his  opinion  on  questions  of  discipline. 


262 


Dr.  Sathursty  Bishop  of  Norwich. 


[Sept. 


A  Dissenting  minister,  Mr.  Rave,  had 
complai  ned  of  the  refusal  of  a  clergyman 
to  bury  a  child  who  had  been  baptized 
as  a  Wesley  an.  Sir  John  Nicholl*s 
judgment  on  the  point  ought  properly 
to  have  decided  such  a  case ;  but  the 
incumbent  refusing  to  bury,  and  there 
being  no  other  burying-ground  than 
the  parish  churchyard,  the  appeal  was 
of  necessity  made  to  the  bishop,  who 
responds  as  follows,  not  to  the  clergy- 
man, but  to  the  Dissenting  minister : — 

Sir, — "  Days  (says  Job)  shoald  speak, 
and  multitudes  of  years  should  teach  wis- 
dom." How  far  Dean  Wood  may  accede 
to  the  truth  of  this  remark,  as  applicable 
in  me,  I  dare  not  yenture  peremptorily  to 
decide,  but  I  am  IncliDed  to  beliefe,  from 
the  intercourse  that  has  passed  between 
us  upon  former  occasions,  he  will  not  be 
indisposed  to  pay  some  deference  to  the 
opinion  of  a  brother  clergyman t  u>ho  it 
nov)  in  the  eighty-iecond  year  of  hit  age ; 
and  I  have  no  hesitation  in  stating  un- 
equivocally what  that  opinion  is.  The 
decision  of  so  well-informed  a  cirilian  as 
Sir  John  NichoU  justifies,  I  thiuk,  any 
minister  of  the  Established  Church  in  pur- 
suing that  line  of  conduct  towards  Dis- 
senters of  all  denominations  which  can- 
dour, and  meekness,  and  moderation,  and 
Christian  charity  must  make  him  pursue 
on  all  occnsions,  especially  on  so  interest- 
ing an  one  as  that  mentioned  in  your 
letter,  and  in  behalf  of  an  individual  be- 
longing to  a  sect  remarkably  peaceful, 
pious,  and  inoffensive.  Be  so  good  as  to 
show  the  Dean  what  I  have  written  :  he 
may,  perhaps,  be  induced  to  respect  my 
suggestions. 

A  tone  so  amiable  could  not  but 
win  hearts.  We  must  add,  from  the 
personal  testimony  of  excellent  judges, 
that  his  conversation  was  most  engag- 
ing. **  He  is  on  the  whole,"  says  Mr. 
Gumey,  "  the  most  complete  gentle- 
man with  whom  it  has  ever  been  my 
lot  to  associate."  He  was,  in  the  best 
sense  of  the  term,  a  thoroughly  high- 
bred man.  He  had  all  the  refinement 
and  the  dignified  politeness  of  the  old 
school  of  nobility  without  one  atom  of 
its  pride.  His  connections,  however, 
were  certainly  better  calculated  to 
enable  him  to  maintain  high  social  po- 
sition than  to  encounter  and  arrange 
the  diniculties  of  a  diocese.  In  fact 
the  whole,  or  nearly  the  whole,  of  his 
clerical  life  was  passed  either  under 
the  shadow  of  a  cathedral  or  in  a  uni- 
versity ;  and  though  his  amiable  quali- 
ties would,  we  cannot  doubt,    have 


found  exercise  and  been  made  sub- 
servient to  the  good  of  a  rustic  parish, 
if  such  had  been  given  to  his  guidance, 
he  never  seems  to  have  thougnt  of  j>a- 
rochial  preparation  as  a  matter  of  im- 
portance.   In  more  than  one  instance 
we  find  him  remembering  his  poor  at 
Saperton,  and  ordering  them  supplies 
of  food  and  clothing,  but  it  was  not 
his  vocation  to  minister  among  them. 
He  stood,  during  a  great  part  of  his 
preparatorv    career,    exactly    at   the 
Church  of*^  England's  least  favoured 
and  least  honourable  time,  with  regard 
to  energy  and  zeal.    The  idea  of  a 
church  militant  had  so  faded  from  the 
minds  of  established  churchmen  that, 
though  most  of  the  clergy  stood  upon 
their  ground,  and  desired  to  keep  the 
Romanists  out  of  the  field,  on  one 
hand,  and  on  the  other  to  bring  their 
real  learning  to  bear  upon  ignorant 
fanaticism,  they  were  unprepared  to 
meet  many  of  the  wants  and  to  enter 
into  the  actual  state  of  the  people. 
Something  beyond  cool  contempt  or 
reasoning  was  needful  to  do  battle  with 
vulgar  vices  and  excited  feelings.    If, 
before  Bishop  Bathurst  reached  Nor- 
wich, this  time  of  mistake  or  sluggish- 
ness was  beginning  to  pass  away — if, 
during  his  episcopate,  he  came,  through 
the  force  of^  his  own  reality  and  open- 
ness to  conviction,  to  see  more  and 
better  things  in  the  different  sections 
of  the  Church  than  when  he  begun  that 
career,  he  certainly  brought  to  his  task 
at  the  age  of  sixty-one  many  of  the 
habits  of  a  former  generation.     He 
seemed  never  to  doubt  his  own  fitness 
for  ecclesiastical  promotion — was  per- 
fectly willing  to  do  what  he  thoudbt 
proper  duty  in  it ;  but  a  [>eaceable  ufe 
with  him  meant  something  too  like 
ease  and  indulgence.    If  his  friends 
and  correspondents  plied  him  with  diffi- 
culties— if^  his  opinion  was  asked  on 
a  religious  book,  such  as  Whateley's 
Peculiarities  of  the  Christian  Religion, 
he  soon  slipped  out  of  the  net,  silenc- 
ing even  his  daughter  by  a  few  com- 
monplace   remarks     about    practical 
Christianity  and  good- will  and  charity. 
He  thought  people  had  better  let  such 
matters  alone ;  but  the  sturdy  world 
thought  otherwise — it  would  think — 
it  tvould  have  convictions — ^it  would 
follow  them  out — it  was  very  diitrMt- 
ing:   every  year  natur 
the  good  bishop*8  ^ 


185J,] 


Di:  B<ithui,l,  BUhuj,  ,;fNorw 


Huiet,  but  look  away  noraeUiiDg  of  his     Kather  we  seem  to  bear  those  wise: 

power   of  enforcing  practical  duties,     refreahing  words  of  Milton 

Negative  virtues   could   not   get  the 

belter  of  the  active  evils  of  hie  time  ; 

■od  BO  It  came  to  pass  that  the  diocese. 

at  whose  head  sat  one  of  the  most 

sweet-tempered  and  virtuous  of  men, 

became  almost  a  proverb  and  by-word 

for  its  diaordcrs  and  want  ofwhole- 

Eome  discipline. 

In  nodng  these  things  It  is  difficult 
QOt  to  recur  to  the  singular  eontraats 
and  partial  resemblance  of  Rishop 
Bathurat  and  his  succeuor. 

Dr.  Stanley   also  received  his  ap- 

gintment  at  the  ripe  age  of  sixty-one. 
the  very  year,  1805,  in  which  Dr. 
Bathurst  oanie  to  Norwich,  hia  future 
successor  began  hia  career  at  Alderley. 
For  thirty-one  years  these  two  ex- 
cellent men  wei'e  pursaing  their  dif- 
ferent ways.     Their  diversity  aprang 


forced  wholly  to  disiolve  that 

grouodwork  of  Dnturs  which  God  created 
in  him— Ihe  singDine  to  empty  out  all 
hia  sociable  livelioesi— the  choleric  to  ei- 
pel  quite  the  uaiiDDing  prFdominance  at 
bis  soger — bat  that  eiich  radical  humour 
or  passion,  wrought  upoa  sail  eorrectfld  ai 
it  ought,  might  be  made  the  proper  mould 
and  founditioti  of  every  man'i  peculiar 
gifts  anilTirtoes.  Some  are  also  endowed 
with  a  sliid  modention  and  aouadnBas  of 
ErgumenC,  to  leach  and  eoavince  the  ra- 
tional  and  aolKrminiled  ;  yet  not  therefore 
tial  to  be  thought  the  only  eipedi 
CDurie  of  teachii^,  for  in  times  of  op] 
silion  against  new  heresies  arising,  oi 
carrnption  to  be  removed,  this  cool, 
psssionatB  mildness  of  poBidve  wisdom  la 

'  eooagh.   Sec." 


With  regard  to  the  lengthened  np- 
peodix  to  the   Life,  we  must  remark, 


from  constitutional  character  of  Mr.  Gurney'a  "  Chalmerana,"  that 
and  mode  of  training  than  from  diifer-  it  has  very  recently  appeared  in  the 
ence  of  opinion — for  both  were  Whigs,  Life  of  Dr.  Chalmers.  Besides  this, 
both  earnest  about  Catholic  Emancipa-  there  is  a  long  occonnt  of  the  two 
tion,  both  firm  believers  and  ossertors  Batbursl  romances,  both  certainly  veni 
of  their  faith  in  the  doctrines  of  their  remarkable  ones-t  The  worthy  bishops 
Cburoh;  both  ardently  desirous  of  dnmestic  trials  were  neither  few  nor 
paoificationwitbDisscnters — ulso  both,  Bmall — from  the  earliest  of  his  losses, 
we  believe,  were  willing  to  widen  the  that  of  a  beloved  son  Charles,  who  died 
terms  of  subscription.  Both  were  a  boy  of  nine  years  of  age,  while  bis 
'  '     '        ■-'■•'  parents  lived  at  Durham,  to  the  latest 

out  of  several  severe  shocks  to  bis 
parental    feelings.      Many   years,  his 
(laughter  tells  us,  elapsed  before  her 
fathercouldbear  thenamoof  thisi""'""" 
lost  son  to  be  mentioned  without  i 
ding  tears.     The  child  died  sewn 
hia  mother  had  given  birth  to  another 
■ow     boy,  and  for  nearly  a  month  the  hus- 
of    band  and  father  resolutely  concealed 
'**■     the  calamity,  fearing  its  effect  i"  "*- 
tarding  her  rccoverr.    ^Vben  he  — _. 
up  his  mind  to  disclose  the  sad  iutellii 
gence  he  did  it  by  a  letter,  which  ~' 


ji  indeed  scarcely  forbear 
■  smile  while  glancing  at  the  different 
ways  in  which  they  were  prepared  for 
Iheir  work.    Look  at  the  Rector  of 
Alderley  !  how  rapid,  how   practical, 
how  full  of  schemes  for  his  poor,  ' 
well  acquainted  with  the  conditio 
the  middle  classes,  how  conversant 
the  appropriate   duties   of  the    rural 
clergy.    Decisive,  perhaps  even  stern, 
in  giving  out  his  oitlers — most  like  the 

commaDdine  promptitude  of  military     cannot  forbear  transcribing. 
^cc  perEap^s,  """l  yet  .T^J.^i?!"^         I  dare  not  trust  myself  (he  »y.). 


',  fiery,  energetic  Stanley ! 
Mild,  amiable,  courteous  Bathuret  1 
Into  onr  minds,  as  we  look  upon  your 
lives  and  characters,  there  comes,  we 
bope,  no  thought  that  is  unaympalbis- 
ing,  none  that  is  calculated  to  foster 
the    habit    of  invidious    comparison. 


should  be  very  mnch  hurt  if  by  tellingyon 
by  word  of  mouth  I  were  to  add  to  your 
grief  by  sny  intemperste  eipreasion  of  my 
own.  And  I  prefer  this  time,  because  your 
sentiments  lliis  morniog  did  yoa  >o  much 
credit,  and  were  of  lo  much  lesl  nse  to  me, 
by  I'oavincing  nic  of  the  propriety  and 


m 


■  Apology 

•VealiDd 


for  Stnectyoinans. 
■llBde  to  the  mjBlerioua  disappearance  uf  Beojamia,  the  Bishop's  fourth  wn,  j 
•Wd  by  Lord  Bathurst  on  a  secret  mission  to  the  Court  of  Viemm ;  a   '  '" 
'oty  death  of  Miss  Boas  Bathurst,  who  was  drowned  in  the  Tiber. 


254 


Notes  on  Shakspere^s  Text. 


[Sept. 


dignity  of  resignation.  It  is  also  very  pain- 
full to  me  to  act  a  part  to  yon,  and  to  sup- 
press any  longer  wnat  yon  must  soon  know. 
The  sweet  boy  was  riven  over  the  day  you 
were  brought  to  bed,  and  died  a  few  days 
after.  I  need  not  point  out  to  you  what  I 
suffered.  My  affection  for  you,  and  the 
mercy  and  goodness  of  God,  carried  me 
throueh  this  severe  trial.  Since  his  death 
my  spirits  have  been  more  composed,  and 
my  mind  more  easy.  It  will  be  a  satisfsc- 
tlon  to  you  to  know  that  he  died  easily, 
and  that  every  possible  attention  was  paid 
to  him. 

I  have  only  one  thing  to  add,  and  that 
it  my  earnest  request,  that  you  will  (with 
your  usual  delicacy  and  kindness  to  me) 
refrain  entirely  from  talking  of  him  to  me, 
anless  hereafter  my  spints  should  be 
•trong  enough  to  begin  the  subject  myself; 
and,  what  is  of  more  consequence  than 
an,  that  you  will  keep  up  yourself,  be- 
cauae  I  am  more  interested  in  your  com- 


fort and  happiness  than  in  anything  else 
in  the  world. 

Yours,  &c.  most  cordially, — Ef.  B. 

Perhaps  the  closing  words  of  his 
daughter's  Memoir  wul  be  the  most 
appropriate  commentary  on  this  and 
others  of  his  feeling  and  tender-hearted 
communications  with  those  he  love^ 
best  in  the  world. 

It  was  only  by  those  who  lived  under 
his  roof,  and  "  ate  bread  continiiaUy  be- 
fore him,"  that  all  the  beauties  and  be- 
nignities of  his  character  could  be  ftdrly 
appreciated.  Only  those  who  were  nearest 
to  him  at  all  times,  who  lay  in  his  boaooiy 
cherished  and  cherishing,  who  were  with 
him  at  his  down-sittings  and  iip-ri8ii^;s« 
knew  how  loveable  he  was :  oaly  those 
who  were  thus  blessed  know  all  the 
endearing  qualities  wliidi  perfected  die 
character  ot  Henry  Bathnrst,  Bishop  of 
Norwich. 


NOTES  ON  SUAKSPERE*S  TEXT. 

The  Text  of  Shakspeare  vindicated  from  the  Interpolations  and  Cormptions  adfo- 

eated  by  John  Payne  Collier,  Esq.  in  his  *'  Notes  and  Emendations."    By  Saoiafll 

Waller  Singer. 
A  few  Notes  on  Shakspeare,  with  Occasional  Remarks  on  the  Emeadatioiis  of  the 

Manuscript-Corrector  in  Mr.  Collier's  Copy  of  the  Folio  1639.     By  the  Bar.  Akx- 

ander  Dyce. 
New  Illustrations  of  the  Life,  Studies,  and  Writings  of  Shakspeare ;  sapplemeatary 

to  all  the  editions.     By  Joseph  Hunter. 
The  Stratford  Shakspere.     Specimen.     Edited  by  Charles  Knight 

8INCK  we  noticed  Mr.  Collier's  volume  of  corrections  of  Shakspere's  tezt| 
most  of  the  gentlemen  whose  names  are  associated  with  labours  in  the  same 
field,  tho  ThiH>bald.s  Hanmcrs,  Steevenses  of  the  day.  hare  put  forth  thdr 
maiiifo5ti>cs  on  the  subject  of  the  proposed  emendations.  Mr.  Singer,  who 
edited  Shakspore  a  ouarter  of  a  century  since,  has  published  a  Toltniie,  which 
almost  rivals  Mr.  Collier's  in  quantity,  for  the  express  purpose  of  rin^cat- 
ing  tho  ivceivoii  tojit.  Mr.  Knight  li:is  taken  the  ooportunity,  in  issumg;  a 
nrospootuji  of  a  now  oilition  of  8haksperv%  to  condemn  m  rery  severe  temiB  the 
lic<eiHN>  of  Mr.  Collier's  innorations.  Mr.  Dyce  has  also  gratified  the  criticil 
wtiriil  with  ^  A  fow  Notes  on  Shakospe.'uv,'"  detaining  strictures  upon  the  same 
work;  .ind  Mr.  Oyoe's  n^lumo  has  drawn  forth  a  pamphlet  from  Jfr.  Hunter, 
a  rot^^ran  UlvMiror  in  tho  Shjik$]vrian  field. 

Mr.  Singer  and  Mr.  Knights  in  their  anxiety  to  defend  their  author  from 
tho  as>uuuHl  authority  of  the  pn>[XK^l  cmenilation^.  carry  into  the  disenarion 
an  onthusiasni — we  inA  aluuv^t  said  an  asncrity — ^worthy  of  tiieological  con- 
trovorvy.  Inditforont  readers,  if  any  such  toere  be^  may  smile  at  the  eagerneai 
i^f  critics — 

N\  ho  still  <vii  word>  enrage  a  lierc^e  debate. 
Dispute  of  fme  or  fr,  <Jmmi  or  ef. 

lltotv  oKM'r\.HtuM\s  uro  Addre:cMsi  to  ihosse  tx>  whom  tlie  retentk>D  or  alteration 
«^f  a  known  woi\l  is  a  matt<>r  of  totaling  as  well  as  of  taf4e. 

Wo  l\a\o  alrx^sdx  oxprossc*!  an  opinion  of  tho  vmluo  of  Mr-  Colhers  volume, 
and  «M  \hc  ingonuity  and  skill  ^^wn  bv  his  unknown  author  in  many  of  his 
emend Ation5  «^f  the  |^>ctV  text.    l>ttr  oi^coi,  in  tho 


1853.]  Notes  on  Shakspere's  Text,  255 

made,  was  rather  to  point  out  the  importance  and  interest  of  this  new  batch 
of  emendations  and  conjectures,  than  to  weigh  accurately  the  proportion  of 
true  and  false,  of  probable  and  worthless;  or  to  attempt  to  determine  the 
question  of  the  authority  or  antiquity  of  the  source  from  which  they  are 
derived. 

Mr.  Singer  seems  to  have  made  up  his  mind  that  the  corrections  in  Mr. 
Collier*8  volume  are  much  more  modem  than  has  been  conceived  by  their 
editor.  He  thinks  they  must  have  been  made  by  some  person  conversant  with 
editions  at  least  as  recent  as  the  early  part  of  the  last  century.  This  conclu- 
sion he  draws  from  the  numerous  instances  of  corrections  found  in  Mr.  Collier's 
volume,  which  had  been  already  proposed  or  adopted  by  the  earlier  editors. 
We  do  not  know  whether  Mr.  Singer  nas  examinea  the  writing  in  Mr.  Collier's 
book,  but  it  is  difficult  to  imagine  that  the  handwriting  of  1750  could  be  mis- 
taken by  any  competent  person  for  that  of  1650.  The  coincidences  of  correc- 
tion, though  sufficiently  remarkable,  do  not  appear  to  be  of  such  a  nature  as 
not  to  be  explained  as  the  result  of  independent  exertions  of  common  taste  and 
common  sense.  Corrections  of  misprints,  more  or  less  evident,  constitute  the 
chief  part  of  the  labour  of  emendation ;  and  where  some  hiatus  or  redundancy 
in  form  or  some  obscurity  of  meaning  has  led  different  minds  to  the  necessity 
of  discovering  some  probable  theory  as  to  the  nature  of  the  error  which  has 
crept  into  the  words  before  them,  it  is  no  wonder  if,  in  the  multiplicity  of  con- 
jectures many  ^*  wits  may  jump ;"  and  the  more  probable  and  obvious  the  cor- 
rection the  more  likely  of  course  is  it  to  be  discovered  by  different  independent 
minds.  Mr.  Collier  mentions  a  circumstance  which  strikes  us  as  one  of  the 
most  extraordinary  instances  of  coincident  emendation  recorded  in  his  volume, 
and  one  which  is  beyond  suspicion  of  obligation  to  the  same  source.  Any 
reader  who  has  taken  an  interest  in  the  discussion  to  which  Mr.  Collier's  book 
has  ^ven  rise,  will  recollect  the  remarkable  alteration  proposed  by  him  in  Lady 
Macbeth's  well-known  reproach  to  her  husband : — 

What  boait  was  't  then 

That  made  you  break  this  enterprise  to  me  ? 

A  correspondent  of  Mr.  Collier,  before  the  publication  of  his  volume  of 
emendations,  wrote  to  that  gentleman  and  suggested  the  very  same  alteration  of 
beatt  into  boast — a  change  not  certainly  demanded  by  the  sense  of  the  passage. 

With  respect  to  many  of  the  corrections,  particularly  those  refemble  to  a 
desire  to  complete  the  metre,  Mr.  Collier's  author  certainly  appears  to  have 
had  before  him  a  standard  of  perfection  and  accuracy  derived  from  the  taste 
and  re(juirements  of  his  own  time,  which  at  the  earliest  must  have  been  a 
generation  after  Shakspere,  rather  than  an  historical  appreciation  of  the 
phraseology  and  versification  of  the  Elizabethan  poets. 

Mr.  Knight  regards  the  corrector  only  as  the  more  timid  and  less  able 
predecessor  of  Davenant  and  of  Dryden.  His  object,  he  conceives,  was  oflen 
not  so  much  to  restore  the  original  text  as  to  make  his  author  intelligible  to 
an  audience  of  his  own  day.  The  fact  of  the  volume  being  manifestly  cor- 
rected for  stage  use,  at  a  period  when  it  certainly  had  not  occurred  to  many 
persons  to  set  a  high  value  on  the  correct  reading  of  an  English  author,  even 
for  cabinet  perusal,  much  less  for  public  representation,  lends  some  support  to 
this  estimate  of  the  commentator's  labours. 

Upon  the  first  aspect  of  the  matter  we  were  inclined  to  fall  into  Mr.  Collier's 
notion,  that  his  cmendator  might  have  some  means  of  ascertaining  the  language 
of  the  poet  which  are  not  within  the  reach  of  modern  editors.  But,  upon  con- 
sideration, we  are  not  disposed  to  allow  any  greater  authority  to  these  manu- 
script corrections  than  to  the  conjectures  of  more  modern  commentators ;  but, 
forming  our  judgment  only  on  their  merits,  we  must  admit  that  they  deserve  a 
very  respectable  rank  amon^  the  Shakspere  scholia.  If,  however,  we  suppose 
the  emendator  to  have  hacTno  other  resources  but  his  own  ingenuity  and 
the  printed  texts,  it  is  manifest  that  all  those  alterations  which  go  beyond  a 
restoration  based  on  the  materials  before  known,  must  be  consigned  to  the 
region  of  conjecture ;  and  the  new  lines,  some  of  which  appear  so  like  recovered 


256  Notes  on  Shaksperes  Text  [Sept. 

verses  of  Shakspere,  can  be  only  received  as  ingenious  guesses  at  what 
may  possibly  have  been  lost  in  the  text  as  we  now  have  it.  One  of  the  most 
probable  of  these  suggested  lines, — that  in  the  Clown*s  speech  in  Love*8  Labour 
Lost, — 

To  see  him  kiss  her  hand  I  and  how  sweetly  a*  will  swear, 
Looking  babies  in  his  eyee^  his  passion  to  declare, 

is  shown  by  Mr.  Knight  (supposing  it  not  to  be  Shakspere's)  to  be  taken  from 
FIetcher*s  Loyal  Subject,  first  printed  in  1647 : 

Look  babies  in  your  eyes,  my  pretty  sweet  one. 

Another  of  our  corrector's  additional  lines  is,  we  confess,  of  so  shabby  a 
character  as  to  throw  some  discredit  even  on  those  which  in  themselves  are 
extremely  probable  conjectures.  We  allude  to  the  words  supplied  in  the  speech 
of  Gloucester  in  Henry  VI.  Part  II.  act  iL  sc.  3, — 

My  staff  ?  here,  noble  Henry,  is  my  staff : 
Tb  think  I  fain  would  keep  it  makes  me  laugh. 

We  are  somewhat  surprised  to  find  Mr.  Collier  asking  whether  we  ought  not 
^  to  welcome  this  addition  with  thankfulness,  as  a  fortunate  recovery  and  a 
valuable  restoration.** 

There  are  many  interesting  questions  with  respect  to  the  reading  of  single 
words  in  Shakspere's  text,  which  to  the  contemporaries  of  the  author  would 
have  been  questions  of  meaning,  but  have  now,  owing  to  the  alteration  ot  our 
orthography,  and  perhaps  our  pronunciation  too,  become  questions  of  reading. 
A  passage  discussed  by  ^r.  Dyce  and  Mr.  Hunter  supplies  an  example  of  this : 

If  the  midnight  bell 
Did  with  his  iron  tongue  and  braxea  mouth 
Soand  on  unto  the  drowsy  race  of  night 

(King  John,  act  iii.  sc.  3.) 

In  the  last  of  these  lines  Mr.  Dyce  accepts  the  substitution  of  ear  for  race 
proposed  in  Mr.  Collier*s  volume,  and  defends  the  reading  one  for  on  which  has 
Deen  usual  in  the  late  editions.  Mr.  Hunter,  on  the  outer  hand,  prefers  on, 
understanding  **  sound  on  **  of  continuous  sounding.  No  weight  is  aue  to  the 
objection  that  the  bell  does  not  sound  one  at  midnight,  but  we  think  that  on 
gives  the  better  sense.    Compare  Othello  (act  v.  sc.  1) — 

Who's  there  ?    Whose  noise  is  this  that  cries  on  murder  ? 

In  Kin^  John,  act  v.  sc.  2,  it  was  a  Question  of  interpretation  in  what  sense 
the  following  line  should  be  understooa : 

This  nnhsard  sauciness,  and  boyish  troops ; 

and  modem  editors,  in  reading 

This  unhaired  sauciness,  and  boyish  troops, 

have  in  all  probability  only  represented,  in  our  fashion  of  spelling,  the  word 
intended  by  the  folio. 
A  similar  doubt  arises  in  Othello,  act  i.  sc.  2  : 

Abused  her  delicate  youth  with  drugs  or  minerals, 
That  weaken  [waken  ?]  motion. 

And  in  the  same  play,  act  ii.  sc.  1, — 

I  cannot,  'twixt  the  heaven  and  the  main, 
Descry  a  sail, — 

the  quarto  has  the  word  spelt  haven^  and  the  folios  heaven.  Wc  believe  the 
modern  spelling  should  be  heaven.  The  horizon,  on  which  a  distant  sail  is  first 
seen,  is  *'  between  the  heaven  and  the  main.**  This  interpretation  is  fortified 
by  the  passage  in  the  same  scene  in  which  Montano  says, — 

Let  us  throw  out  our  eyes  for  brave  Othello, 
Even  till  we  make  the  main  and  the  aerial  blue 
An  indistinct  regard. 


5 


1853.] 


Notes  OH  Shakspere't  Text. 


In  all  these  initancea  the  question,  property  uaderstooii,  is  one  of  intorpm* 
tation  rather  than  of  reading,  and  must  be  determined  bj  tiiBt«  and  skill  in  tbe 
language  of  Sbafcspere,  and  nut  by  authority.  The  case  is  not  far  removed 
from  the  same  category,  where  the  words  which  dispute  for  a  place  in  the  pre- 
sent text  are  such  as  in  the  writinB  of  Shalcapere's  age  would  be  scarcely  dis- 
tinguishable. Tbe  question  raised  by  Mr.  Collier  as  to  the  reading  in  Macbeth, 
"  What  boait  was  "t  then,"  &e.  instead  of  the  received  word  "  beast,"  is  of  Ihia 
eharaeler,  and  we  are  still  of  opinion  that  boait  is  an  acceptable  emendation. 
The  two  ailments  urged  against  this  reading  are,  first,  that  "  the  force  of  the 
passage  lies  in  the  contrast  between  the  word  man  in  Macbeth's  eiclatoalion — 
I  dare  do  nil  that  msy  became  ■  nSD, 
Who  dares  do  more  it  none — 
and  the  word  beiul  in  this;  and  secondly,  that  Macbeth's  language  in  lirst 
gof  (be  murder  to  his  wife  was  "far  removed  from  vaunting.""  To 
ns  we  answer,  first,  that  not  "beast,"  but  fiend,  would  be  tbe  con - 
n  required  by  the  sense  ;  and  secondly,  that,  although  Lady  Macbeth 
might  well  wish  to  represent  her  husband  to  himself  as  having  boasted  of  his 
determination,  the  proposed  reading  does  not  make  her  do  so.  She  would 
merely  imply  that  there  must  have  been  some  boastful  feeling  as  the  caaae  of 
hiB  breaking  the  enterprise  to  her.  There  is  a  passage  in  As  You  Like  It 
(act  iv.  sc.  9)  which  furnishes  a  curious  parallel  to  these  lines  of  Macbeth  as 
they  are  now  read.  Rosalind,  in  reading  Phebe's  letter,  by  an  intentional  per- 
version, understands  man  as  opposed  to  beaul,  where  the  true  antithesis  is  god.} 


Did  yon  ei 

tVhiUt  lie  «ya  ^nun  did  aoo  n 

Thai  could  do  no  Btngtanet  la  a 

Meaning  me  ■  beatt. 

We  have  not  the  space  for  any  detailed  notice  of  the  observation!  of  Mr. 

Singer  and  Mr.  Dyce.     The  former  of  these  gentlemen  is  in  general  strongly 

opposed  to  all  suggealions  which  come  from  Mr.  Collier's  authority,  but  in  some 

L.  .,  billing  to  accept  even  from  that  source  a  good  and  probable 

;xample,  Coriolanus  (ac     "         "' 


mgly 

bable I 


Here  Mr.  Singer  accepts  the  old  emcndator's  correction  of  carriage  for  eonmge. 
And  in  Macbeth's  exclamation  afier  hearing  of  Macduff's  escape,  and  forming 
his  murderous  reaolutloa  against  his  family, — 

This  deed  1  '11  do  brrare  this  parpose  cool  i 

But  no  more  ligMi .' 
he  adopts  ^^Ui  ns  a  good  correction.  It  is  remarkable  that  in  both  these  in- 
stances the  same  corrections,  which  we  believe  have  not  been  published  before, 
are,  as  Mr.  Singer  informs  us,  made  in  manuscript  in  a  copy  of  the  second  folio 
belonging  to  that  gentleman,  in  Macbeth's  defiance  of  Bonquo's  ghost  (act  iii. 
BC.  4).  Mr.  Singer  is  for  retaining  the  reading  of  the  folios ; 
OrbeatiieigaiD, 

And  dare  me  to  the  dteert  with  Ihy  sward : 

i(  then,  protest  me 

niiig,  he  says,  is — "  If  trembling  I  stay  in  my  castle  or  any  habitaliam^ 


258 


Not€9  on  Shakipere$  Text 


[Sept. 


Mr.  Dyce  thinks  with  reason  this  reading  "  very  doubtful,*'  but  rejects  our  old 
annotator*s  conjecture  of  *^  exhibit  **  as  all  but  ludicrous. 
In  the  play-speech  in  Hamlet  (act  ii.  sc.  2), — 

Woold  have  made  milch  the  horning  eyes  of  heaven, 
And  jtftffftofi  tfi  the  gods. 

Mr.  Singer  rightly  observes  that  the  change  to  pamonaU  is  entirely  unne- 
cessary. Passion  is  used  for  compassion — a  mode  of  expression,  we  may  obsenre, 
borrowed  from  the  Italian.    Compare  Dante,  Inferno,  canto  xx. 

Qai  vive  la  pieta  qnand'  k  ben  morta. 

Chi  i  pih  icellerato  di  colni, 
Ch'  al  giadicio  divio  pMsUm  porta  ? 

In  the  first  scene  of  Othello  Roderiffo  speaks  of  the  Moor  as  "  an  extraragant 
and  wheeling  stranger ;  **  and  Mr.  Collier's  corrector,  by  chansing  whedingto 
wkeedUng,  is  convicted,  according  to  Mr.  Singer,  of  havinff  Tiv^  not  earlier 
than  the  last  century.  This  is  perhaps  an  exasgeration.  We  are  indebted  to 
Mr.  Richardson's  Dictionary  for  a  reference  to  Locke's  Essay  (book  iii.  cap.  9), 
in  which  he  apparently  employs  wheedle  as  an  example  of  a  newly-coined  word. 
This  was  written  before  1689,  and  it  does  not  at  all  follow  that  the  word  had 
not  been  for  some  time  in  use  in  familiar  language.  Somner,  by  the  way,  de- 
rives it  from  the  Saxon  wctdlian^  to  bes.  ^  Wheeling  ^  we  understand,  not  aa 
synonymous  with  extravagant,  as  Mr.  Knight  interprets  it,  nor  as  having  the 
sense  of  ^*  inconstant,"  as  Mr.  Singer  supposes,  but  simply  that  of  **  circam- 
verting  "  or  "  insidious.** 

In  the  same  play  (act  ii.  sc.  1)  Mr.  Singer,  assuming  the  modem  oriffin  of 
Mr.  Collier's  corrections,  says  the  correctors  were  right  in  adoptmgrfeX'-' 
burton's  reading,  hrach  for  "  trash." 

If  this  poor  hreeh  of  Yenice,  whom  I  trace 
For  bis  quick  haatiog,  stand  the  patting  on. 

In  this  correction  we  fully  coincide.  Brack  is  required  for  the  sense  of  the 
next  line.  A  hrach  is  a  dog  which  hunts  by  scent.  So  the  Italian  hraeoo : 
**  Ogni  bontk  propria  in  alcuna  cosa,  siccome  nel  bracco  il  bene  odorare,**  &c. 
(Dante,  Convivio,  72.) 

Mr.  Dyce's  Notes  abound  with  happj  illustrations  of  the  sense  and  text  of 
Shakspere.  For  example,  the  following  verse  in  Romeo  and  Juliet  (act  ii. 
sc.  1)  nas  in  his  hands,  for  the  first  time  in  modern  days,  found  its  true  meaning. 

Young  Abraham  Cupid,  he  that  shot  so  trim, 
When  king  Cophetua  loved  the  beggar  maid. 

Modem  editors,  following  Upton,  have  read  Adam  Cupid,  understanding  the 
allusion  to  be  to  Adam  Bell,  the  archer  of  the  ballads. 


In  Soliman  and  Puseda,  1599,  (says 
Mr.  Dyce,)  we  read — 

Where  is  the  eldest  sonne  of  Pryam 
That  Abraham  coloured  Troian  ?     Dead. 

In  Middleton's  Bluri,  Master  Con- 
stable,  1609,— 

A  goodlie,  long,  thicke,  «&ram-coIoured 
beard;  and  in  our  author's  Coriolanns, 
act  ii.  sc.  3,  according  to  the  first  three 
folios,  **  not  that  our  heads  are  some 
browne,   some    blacke,    some    abram  ;  *' 


there  being  hardly  any  reason  to  doubt 
that  in  these  passages  iirakam  (or  abrwm) 
is  a  corruption  of  abron,  which  oar  early 
writers  frequently  employ  for  mubtam. 
Every  body  familiar  with  the  Italian  poets 
knows  that  they  term  Cupid,  as  well  as 
Apollo, *«  il  biondo  Dio : "  and  W.  Thomas, 
in  his  Principal  Rules  of  the  ItaHen  Qrmmr 
mar,  &c.  gives — Biondo,  the  abeme  [<.«. 
auburn]  colour,  that  is,  betwene  white 
and  yelow. 


We  are  glad  to  see  that  Mr.  Dyce  is  preparing  a  new  edition  of  Shakspere. 
No  one  is  better  qualified  by  taste,  learning,  and  judgment  to  furnish  us  with 
an  edition  which  shall  avoid  the  extremes  of  servility  and  presumption  in  the 
choice  of  readings,  and  of  tediousness  and  incompletness  in  tne  annotations. 


(Panderings  of  an  antiouarvT 

Bt  Thomas  Wriuht,  F.S.A. 


XEl.— Thb  Ko. 

'  THE  line  of  railway  weatward  of 
Shareham  nina  along  the  low  ^ound 
between  the  ses  and  the  edge  of  the 
■lowns,  the  latter  of  which  are  seen 
to  the  rijihti  their  dititance  iocreasing 
considerablv  as  we  approach  towards 
Arundel,  where  the  firat  ran^e  of  hilU 
turns  inland,  and  a  rather  wide  valley 
interTenea  before  the  commencement 
of  the  ridge  on  which  Arundel  aUmda. 
As  we  proceed,  we  are  forcibly  re- 
minded of  a  peculiarity  of  the  Southern 
Sussex  names  —  the  termination  in 
itig.  The  stations  between  Shoreham 
and  Aruiidel  are  Lancing,  Worthing, 
Goring,  and  Angmering.  At  several 
of  theee  places,  and  indeed  nil  along 
this  district,  Koman  antiquities  are  fre- 
quently found,  and  the  country  seems 
to  have  been  covered  with  hnndsome 
villas  in  the  Roman  period.  Not  only 
Koman  antiquities  of  various  binds, 
but  Romas  and  Gaulish  coins,  have 
been  found  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Lancing;  and  the  Lancing  downs  are 
remarkable  for  disonveriea  of  this  kind. 
The  same  may  be  said  of  Worthing, 
where  Gaulish  gold  coins  have  been 
found  in  considerable  numbers,  besides 
an  abundance  of  Roman  antiquilics. 
The  presence  of  the  GnuUab  coins  is 
DO  doubt  a  proof  that  the  settlements 
in  this  district  dale  from  the  beginning; 
of  the  Roman  occupation  of  the  island- 
Still  further  on,  at  a  place  called  Avis- 
ford,  on  tlicother  side  of  Arundel,  a  very 
intereatiDC Roman  sepulchral  interment 
wajfoaniTiQ  the  year  1817.  In  a  pas- 
ture-field a  labourer  was  making  holes 
wicbscrowbar  forthepurposeofgetting 
up  bardies,  when  the  resisUnce  offered 
fa  his  iutpleuient  a  few  inches  below 
the  surface  excited  his  curiunilv,  and 
his  employer  causing  the  surface  to 
be  removed,  discjtvercd  a  square  sioiie 
chvst,  Ave  feet  long,  two  leet  wide,  and 
fi^een  inches  deep.  WLen  opened,  it 
cniiEained  a  very  miscellaneous  col- 
lection of  articles.  In  the  middle  stood 
«  beautiful  Urge  square  vase  of  green 
gUts,  with  a  rMded  handle,  similar  to 


S  VlLlA  AT    BlONoa. 

those  frequently  found  in  Roman  te- 

Eulchres.  It  contained  the  calcined 
ones  of  the  deceased.  Rounil  it  were 
arranged,  in  no  apparent  order,  three 
elegnntly-sbaped  vases  orjugs  of  earth' 
enware,  with  uandles;  several  patera;; 
a  pair  of  sandals  studded  with  innu- 
merable little  hexagonal  brass  nails 
fancifully  arranged ;  threelampsj  four 
vessels,  which  appeared  to  be  lamp- 
stands,  placed  on  brackets  or  corbels 
at  the  four  corners  1  anovat  disb.esca]- 
loped  round  tlie  edge,  with  a  handle, 
and  containing  a  transparent  agate  of 
the  size  and  shape  of  a  pigeon's  egg ; 
another  dish,  which  it  is  said  contained 
a  black  stone  of  a  similar  size  and  form; 
and  a  small  glass  bottle  with  a  double 
handle-* 

The  Arundel  and  Littlehampton 
station  is  a  short  distance  beyond  that 
of  Angmering,  and  from  it  the  visitor 
has  a  not  unpleasant  ride  of  full  four 
miles  to  the  town  of  Arundel.  During 
the  lust  mile  the  road  is  a  gradu^ 
ascent,  until  we  reach  the  brow  of  the 
hill  on  the  southern  slope  of  which  the 
town  is  built,  and  which  is  crowned  by 
the  imposing  mosses  of  Arundel  castle. 
The  town  of  Arundel  is  singularly  well 
placed  fur  picturesque  effect,  and  the 
general  views,  especially  in  the  ap- 
proach from  Littlehampton  by  the  river, 
are  singularly  benutiAil.  The  principal 
street  leads  us  by  a  very  steep  ascent 
lo  the  top  of  the  hill,  where  are  the 
entrances  to  the  castle  and  pnrk. 

The  castle,  Lrge  portions  of  the 
buildingsofwhich  ore  modern,  occupies 
a  platform  at  the  top  of  the  bill,  to  the 
north-east  of  the  town,  in  a  position 
which,  from  the  circumstance  of  the 
hill  being  here  almost  perpend icu- 
lur,  is  singularly  bold.  The  town 
Las  several  points  of  interest ;  besides 
the  castle  and  the  church,  it  contains 
some  monastic  ruins,  and  there  are  a 
few  interesting  examplea  of  old  street 
architecture.  But  its  great  interest  is 
the  beauty  of  the  surrounding  country 
and  of  the  rural  walks  in  its  neigh- 


c^iuUj  Tor  the  bcBut/  of  iu  *ic«i,  stid 
for  iIk  iDtereating  uie  to  whjcb  it  will 
l««d  ttB.  For  between  two  and  tliree 
miles  our  coune  lies  over  the  tnilj 
nUaii  gladet  of  Arundel  Ptzk.  Un- 
■nlnling  hilts,  covered  with  s  rich  ind 
•oil  carpet  of  gre«n  tod,  broken  with 
freijueot  bocI  mignificent  duiopa  of 
treeK,  e»ery  now  and  then  reveal  to  ui 
Bae  viewi  OTCr  the  Tale  below  to  tlie 
e*>t  aod  MUth-eaat.  The  icene  ig 
enlivened  with  berda  of  deer,  which 
•bound  in  the  park.  When  U  length 
we  (juit  the  incloiure  of  the  park,  we 
eome  upon  a  range  of  bold  downs  run- 
'n  a  north-westerlj  direction, 
.  .  .  _  view  to  the  rieht,  upon  tbe 
Tallej  of  which  we  hare  alre*d;  spoken, 
■1  extensive  and  extremelj  nne.  To 
the  left  the  vallej  running  towards 
Cbi(-hesl«r,  totallj  different  in  its  cha- 
racter frotu  the  other,  is  thick!;-  and 


uingoi 
whnet 


beaatifuUj  wooded- 
lilde  war  along  the  road  ai 
back,  we  see  (o  adianta^  the  boldly- 
elerated  po«il>oli  of  the  park  we  h«Te 
left,  while  below  our  view  wanden  over 
the  whole  extent  of  low  ground  which 
ttretcfaes  down  to  the  coast-  Now  par* 
tuing  our  eonne,  we  bare  an  elevated 
down  before  ns,  which  is  called  Barf 
hill,  no  doubt  from  a  large  barrow  or  la  - 
mnlus  at  tlie  top.  We  will  now  turn  off 
to  the  left  from  the  high  road,  and  walk 
acroas  the  grass  onnt  we  come  to  a 
cartwaj,  which  leads  n*  over  the  west- 
ern slope  of  BuTj  hill.  Behnr  at,  to 
our  left,  is  a  little  comb  or  hollow,  from 
which  on  the  other  side  rises  another 
elevation  called  Bigoor  hill.  Before 
us  we  hare  a  very  noble  prospect, 
bounded  weatwardTj  bj  a  rsnge  of 
chalk  hills,  attd  northward)}'  bj  more 
distant  hills.  Among  the  trees,  at  ihc 
distance  r>f  about  a  mile  or  rather 
more,  in  the  TsUey  below,  at  the  foot 
of  the  chalk  lulls,  stands  the  village 
of  Bignor.  An  attempt  is  made  in  tbe 
accompanying  sketch  to  give  a  Uiat 
ides  01  the  grandeur  of  this  scene. 


Man  J  circumstances  about  the 
^und  over  which  we  are  now  pass- 
mg  tell  us  that  we  are  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  some  ancient  nte-  Besides 
the  barrow  on  the  top  of  Bury  hill, 
lliere  are  several  others  scatter^  over 
the  downs  on  which  we  have  now 
turned  our  backs,  and  there  i«  a  firoap 
of  them  o»  the  Htuthcm  ridge  of  Bijrnnr 
hill.  Ifwc  pass  over  the  Mimiitil  of 
the  hill  ImI  mentioned,  we 


mediately  upon  the  Roman  road  ft 
Chichester  (the  ancient  Ref-mtm)  to 
London,  which  runs  alone  il»  western 
slope,  Hud  is  known  hj  the  name  lo 
oonimon  ainonff  the  Roman  roadf  in 
Sussex  and  Kent  of  Staneiitreet,  or 
Btnno- street.  Near  at  hand,  on  the 
other  lide  nf  this  street,  is  a  farm  called 
Cold  Harbour,  a  name  which  ha« 
always  l>wn  found  to  indicate  a  Ro- 
kiud  or  other. 


1 858.] 
The  road 


The  Raman  Villa  at  Bignor 


on  nhich  we  have  halted 
iads  as  down  tlie  hill  and 
direct  into  the  Tillage  of  lijgnor,  vhere 
it  enters  uioUier  road  running  newly 
east  nnd  vest,  and  if  we  turn  along  this 
road  in  an  easterly  directian  at  nn 
great  distance  vu  perceive  in  a  field 


361 

in  the  left  hand  aide  of  the  road  eevei'al 
iut3,  presenting  the  appearance  shown 
n  the  cot  annexed.  These  huts  pro- 
eet  Home  of  the  pavenienls  of  one  of 
i ■ -nagnifiuent  Roman  villas  that 


spot  of  which  fl 


*^^^^^ 


is  just  elevated  enough  to  give  a  com- 
manding view  of  the  valie;  to  the 
south-east  At  about  half  a  mile  to 
the  east  of  Bignor  church,  two  fields 
had  been  known  from  time  immemorial 
as  the  Berry  field  and  the  Town  field, 
the  former  no  doubt  becau      '■    '     " 


been  the  site  of  a  principal 
bui1dings(froinlhuAnglo-Sax( 
and  the  other  because  it  wi 
tradition  among  the  inhabitants  of  the 
parish  that  the"  town"  of  Bignor  once 
stood  there.  It  was  in  the  Jul;  of  the 
year  1811,  that  a  ploughman,  at  work 
in  the  Berry  field,  accidentally  bit 
upon  some  hard  construction  under- 
ground, which,  on  further  examina- 
tion, proved  to  be  part  of  a  very  ex- 
t«ngiTe  and  very  beautiful  Itonian 
pavement, which  had  evidently  belonged 
U)  a  large  and  very  handsome  room. 
Soon  afterwards,  an  excavation  which 
was  made  at  a  distance  of  about  thirty 
feet  to  the  westward  of  the  first,  led 
to  the  discovery  of  a  second  pavement, 
no  less  beautiful  than  the  former,  and 
which  had  equally  belonged  to  an 
apartment  of  considerable  dimensions. 
lofunnatlon  of  the  discovery  had  been 


carried  to  Samuel  Lysons,  the  cele- 
brated antiquary,  who  now  look  the 
direction  of  the  excavations,  and  under 
his  eye  they  were  carried  on  more  or 
less  each  succeeding  year  until  1817." 
It  had  soon  been  discovered  that  the 
pavements  and  foundations  thus  ai 


of     dentally  brought  to  light  belonged  b 


Roman  villa,  and  the  progress  of  ^he 
excavations  had  now  ahown  timt  it  was 
one  of  considerable  magnitude.  The 
buildings  were  in  fact  traced  to  an 
extent  of  about  six  hundred  feet  in 
length,  by  nearly  three  hundred  and 
fifty  in  breadth.  The  principal  house- 
hold buildings  formed  about  one-half 
that  length.  They  stood  round  an 
inner  court,  which  was  nearly  a  rec- 
tangular parallelogram,  of  not  much 
less  than  a  hundred  and  fifty  feet  in 
length  by  about  a  hundred  feet  in 
breadth.  Its  aspect  was,  in  its  length, 
nearlynorth-west andsouth-east.  This 
court  was  surrounded  bj  a  very  fine 
cryplo-portiau,  or  covered  gallery,  ten 
feet  wide,  with  a  beautiful  lesselated 
pavement.  The  floor  of  the  crypto- 
porticui  on  the  north-eastern  side  was 
considerably  more  elevated  than  on  the 


*  Plates  of  all  the  pavements  are  given  iu  the  acoaant  t>(  this  villa  pnbUiheil  by 
l^aoM.  fa  hli  ^lendU  work  on  tha  Roman  ABtiqaMea  hi  BriUto. 


26S 


WanderimgM  cfan  Amii^Mary. 


[Sept. 


other  sides ;  and  mt  the  north^n  comer, 
where  this  north-esstem  erypto^por' 
tietu  joined  the  north-western  one, 
there  was  a  small  sqoare  room,  with 
an  extremely  elegant  tessellated  pave- 
ment, consisting  of  a  chneiilar  central 
compartment,  and  four  heads  repre- 
sentiDg  the  seasons  in  the  comers.* 
This  belonged  to  a  square  room,  through 
which,  by  means  of  slips,  peo|^  de- 
scended m>m  the  elerated  cryjko'por' 
tiau  into  the  lower  one.  The  walls  of 
this  comer  chamber  remained  higher 
than  in  most  other  parts  of  the  build- 
ing, and  theT  were  corered  with  fres- 
coes, the  colours  of  which,  when  un* 
covered  of  earth,  were  remarkablj 
fresh  and  vivid. 

Contrary  to  what  appears  to  have 
been  the  usual  arrangement  of  these 
vfllas,  where,  as  in  the  noble  villa  at 
Woodcbester  in  Gloucestershire,  the 
chief  wartments  are  at  the  end  {am 
fimd)  of  this  inner  court,  they  are  here 
on  one  side,  the  north-eastern.  The 
pavement  (and  consequentlv  the  apart- 
ment) first  discovered  in  the  summer 
of  1811  was  about  the  middle  of  this 
side.  It  was  in  two  divisions,  a  lar;^ 
and  a  smaller  one,  no  doubt  answenng 
to  a  peculiar  form  of  the  apartment, 
whicn  represented  somewhat  the  effect, 
on  a  much  larger  scale,  of  the  ordinary 
drawing-rooms  in  London,  with  a  large 
front  room  and  a  smaller  back  one, 
opening  in  the  whole  width  into  each 
other.  It  is  not  improbable  that  there 
was  a  curtain  thrown  across,  by  which 
the  two  rooms  might  at  will  be  sepa- 
rated, or  thrown  into  one.  The  pave- 
ment in  each  of  these  two  divisions  has 
a  circular  compartment,  that  in  the 
larger  room  bein^  sixteen  feet  in  dia- 
meter, and  that  m  the  smaller  com- 
partment seven  and  a  half.  The  centre 
of  the  larger  compartment  or  room  was 
occupied  by  a  hexagonal  cistern  or 
fountain,  formed  of  hard  white  stone, 
four  feet  in  diameter,  and  one  foot 
seven  inches  and  three  quarters  in 
depth.  Around  this  fountam  there  was 
a  border  of  stone,  nine  inches  and  a 
half  wide,  and  below  this  border  in- 
ternally, at  about  half  the  depth,  a 
step,  five  inches  and  a  half  wide,  ran 
all  round.  At  the  bottom,  in  the 
centre  was  a  round  hole  three  inches  in 
diameter,  in  which  was  found  a  leaden 


pipe,  which  was  traced,  mnning  in  a 
gutter  of  stone,  under  the  apartnuent 
to  the  southward.     There  mav,  per- 
haps, have  been  a  forcing  machine  of 
•ome  kind  attached  to  this  pipe  to 
make  %jel  detm,  in  the  middle  of  the 
apartment,  over  which  there  was  per- 
haps an  opening  in  the  roo^  or  a  dome. 
In  the  beautifuTpavement  of  thu  room, 
the   circular   compartment   with   the 
fbontain  in  the  centre  was  divided  into 
six  hexagonal  departments,  in  which 
were  figures  of  dancing  nymphs.     The 
other  circular   compartment   of  this 
great    pavement,    belonging    to    the 
smaller  division  of  the  room,  contained 
in  the  cetitre  a  large  picture  rep^eseni-^ 
ing  the  Rape  of  CSmymede.    This  has 
been  supposed,  perhaps  fixmi  the  sub- 
|ect  of  the  pavement,  to  be  a  banquet- 
ing-room.    To  judge  by  the  remains, 
the  walls  had  b(«n  beautifully  painted 
in  fresco,  fragments  of  which  were 
lyii^  about,  on  which  the  colours  were 
perfectly  fresh.    A  fragment  or  two  of 
small  Doric  columns  were  found  among 
the  rubbish  about  this  apartment.     It 
mav  be  added,  that  this  apartment  lay, 
with  the  division  which  contains  the 
fountain  adjoining  to  the  enfpto'por* 
/icitf,  on  the  norai-^t  side   of  the 
court,  and   the  Ganymede  compart- 
ment backwards  from  the  court. 

The  annexed  cut  represents  the  pave- 
ment and  fountain  of  thb  apartment  as 
now  seen  under  cover  of  the  protect- 
ing shed.  The  supposed  banquetinz- 
room  was  warmed  by  a  hypocaust,  the 
pr^rfMrniumy  or  fireplace,  of  which  was 
fotmd  outside  the  wall.  Several  other 
rooms  were  found  with  pavements 
divided  similarly  into  compartments. 
The  excavations  during  the  year  1818 
revealed  the  foundations  of  a  very 
maffnificent  room,  the  pavement  of 
which  was  also  divided  into  two  com- 
partments, the  smaller  of  which  had 
formed  a  semicircular  room,  or  recess. 
This  pavement  was  particularly  rich. 
The  figures  with  which  it  was  orna- 
mented were  chiefly  dancing  cupids  or 
genii,  but  there  was  a  broad  band 
etween  the  body  of  the  apartment 
and  the  semicircular  recess,  with  gla- 
diatorial scenes,  in  which  the  cupids 
or  genii  were  represented  as  reHarii 
and  secutoresy  in  the  different  phases  of 
the  combat.     In  another  room,  which 


*  Of  these  the  head  of  Winter  alone  remttioed.    The  corresponding  heads  have  been 
since  foaod  in  a  pavement  at  Cirencester. 


wm  CaurCeeii  anil  a,  halffeet  by  seven- 
I,  and  of  nbicb  the  lower  part  of 
the  walls  *eeni  not  to  bnve  been  so 
mucb  dfslroyed  aa  in  manj  of  tbe 
others,  WAS  round  a  vcr^  curiou! 
ample  of  the  fireplace  witbio  the 
incontntdlatinctian  from  tbe  hjpocnuat 
for  wannitig  tbe  Hpartrocuta  with  hot 

perfectly  well  aware  that  such  fire- 
place* were  used  in  Roman  Iiouiks, 
■nd  CTery  reader  of  the  clawic  poets 
will    remember    the    exhortation    of 


The  inner  court  which  we  have 
i]e«crn>iDg  was  mrrouniled  bj  a  great 
number  of  apartments  of  variou  '' 
mensioiis,  of  which  those  already 
tioned  appear  to  have  been  tbe  prin- 
cipal. At  the  south-west  end  of  the 
•ontfa-weatern  cryplo-porticta,  waa 
found  a  large  batb-room,  with  the 
bath  in  an  almost  perfect  state.  Ad- 
joining to  it  were  large  rooms  with 
hjrpocauats,  which  appear  also  to  have 
been  intended  for  purposes  connected 
with  bathing  and  the  ablution  of  tbe 
Other  large  rooms  adjoined 
tbe  southern  comer  at  the  extremity 
of  the  Muth-eastem  end  of  the  inner 
court,  in  the  middle  of  which  end  was 
the  gr»nd  entrance  into  this  inner  court 
from  a  much  larger  outer  court.  This 
outer  court  seems  to  have  been  sur- 
rouniled  with  bare  walla,  although 
tracing*  of  buildings  were  found   m 


various  parts  of  its  interior, 
of  this  outer  court  seem  to  have  been 
continued  so  lis  to  surround  the  whole 
edifice,  which  perhaps,  extertially,  pre- 
sented merely  the  appearance  of  a  great 
irregular  square-walled  inclosure.  * 
must  have  been  a  nrinccly  ri 
and  it  is  evident  tiiat  the  luxi 
comforts  of  the  interior  were  n 
stndied  than  the  beauty  of  the  sc 
around. 

For  whom  wag  ihig  noble  residence 
designed  ?  It  is  a  question  which  can- 
answered,  but  it  is  certain,  from 
tbediscoverieswhichatdi  ffere  n  t  periods 
hove  been  made,  that  splendid  country  J 
villas  of  this  kind  were  far  from  un-  f 
ur  island  during  Ibe  Ro- 

£riod.     It  stands  at  the  side  of 
man  high  road   from  Regnum 
(Chichester)  to  Londinium  (London), 
a  position  which  would  be  naturallv 
losen  by   a  rich  proprietor   for   hia 
house,  in  order  to  profit  by  the  advan* 
tageof  ready  conveyance.    It  has  been  4 
ciinjcclured  that  this  may  have  bean  \ 
the  seal  of  the  prefect  of  a  district^  \ 
a  supposition  for  which  we  have  oa  ■ 
direct  authority ;  but  there  are  better  ■ 
iasons  for  supposing  that  it  waa  dt-i 
ifficient   importance  to  have  adjoin- 


its  Roman  lords  the  district  between 
this  coast  and  London  was  probablr 
covered  with  such  thick  forests  that 
the  roads  across  it  were  not  so  much 
(requenled  as  others,  and  in  ihe 
itinerary  of  Antoninus  the  traveller 


r 


2S4  Firlmti  oflkt  Eighteenth  Cmlaty.  [SepL 

from  RegiaoH  (Chlcbestcr)  to  LoD<lon  shown  ta  visitors  od  the  payment  of  a 
b  talLen  first  to  Clau»ait<tm  (Bittern)  small  fee.  It  is  unilentoud,  however, 
and  10  by  Venta  (Winchester),  Calirna  that  at  the  present  moment  the  farmer 
(6ilche«ter),  and  Punfei  (Staines).  But  to  whoni  the  land  belongs  is  desirous 
Kicharil  of  Cirencester  has  given  an  of  wUtng  that  portion  of  it  which  cod* 
iteromitted  bjr  Antoninus — thatwhich  tains  the  remains  of  the  Roman  villa, 
connected  the  const- towns  frnm  South-  and  several  sufigestions  have  been  m&de 
nmpton  to  UIcbbur«ugb ;  and  there  we  with  regard  to  it.  It  has  even  been  pro- 
have  a  station  along  apparently  the  posed  to  take  up  the  principal  pMve- 
road  now  called  the  Stanestreet,  at  a  mcnts  and  remove  them  to  tbe  British 
distance  of  ten  llouian  miles  from  Chi-  Muaeum,  or  to  some  other  national 
Chester  (^Hegmait),  which  was  not  itself  depojllorr ;  but  we  I^BnDot  help  look- 
of  sufficient  importance  to  liave  any  ing  upon  anch  a  proceeding  as  an  act 
other  name  than  simply  that  of  ^(tde-  of  vandalism  which  ought  not  to  be 
ci'mam,  the  statton  at  tbe  tenth  mile,  permitted.  A  great  part  of  tbe  interest 
This  distance  from  Chichester  along  the  of  these  remains  attaches  to  them  as  a 
Stanestreet  would  bring  us  close  to  whole  and  to  the  spot  on  which  they 
Bignor,  and  the  road  may  hero  have  stand,  and  would  be  destroyed  by  re- 
separated,  one  branch  goins  on  tu  the  movat  IT  tbe  govern  men  twill  not  inter- 
capital,  the  other  proceeding  by  way  fere  in  a  case  like  this — which  it  would 
of  Bramber  and  Lewes  to  Peveosej  do  in  any  other  country — it  is  to  be 
(Atideriilu).  That  the  villa  I  have  hoped  that  there  is  publiespirit  enough 
been  describing  belonged  to  soinebody  to  secure  the  preservation  of  these  in- 
of  consequence  con  hardly  be  doubted ;  teresting  remains  on  the  site  where 
and  a  curious  discovery  made  during  they  stand,  in  such  a  manner  that  they 
the  excavations  afforded  presumptive  may  be  seen  to  the  most  advantage  by 
evidence  that  there  had  been  an  im-  every  one  that  will  visit  them.  Let  ua 
portant  establishment  in  this  beautiful  have  at  least  one  Roman  villa — in  the 
spot  from  a  very  early  period.  In  the  condition  which  time  has  permitted  it 
middle  of  the  court,  under  tbe  later  to  remato — kept  to  satisfy  public  euri- 
work,  were  discovered  the  foundations  osity,  and  we  could  not  choose  a  betl«r 
of  obi  walls  which  seemed  to  have  be-  than  one  which  haa  preserved  such 
longed  to  a  previous  villa  on  the  aarue  remarkable  evidence  of  its  former 
spot,  that  had  been  pulled  down  and  splendour,  and  at  the  same  time  pre- 
rebuilt  on  n  dilTerent  plan.  sents  a  variety  of  characteristics  of  the 
It  has  been  already  intimated  that  domestic  economy  of  the  Roman  occu- 
■ome  of  the  pavements  of  the  Bignor  piers  of  this  island,  which  we  should 
villa  have  been  kept  uncovered,  and  perhaps  not  find  thus  combined  to- 
that  huts  or  sheds  have  been  raised  gether  elsewhere, 
over  them  for  protectioQ.    They  are 


VIRTUOSI  OF  THE  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY. 
Ha.  Nathantil  Sauh.— Mb.  Joskfh  Ames.— Un.  Jobh  Nic 


4 


IN  tbe  Rev.  William  Cole's  collec-  the  same  name,  and  id  also  a  member 

tiooB  for  tbe  "  Athenat  Catabrigienses,"  of  the  Society  of  Friends.    We  allude 

now  in  the  British  Museum,  we  have  to   Mr.   Jamea    Sams,  now  living   at 

found  the  following  curious  notices  of  Darlington,  whose  Egyptian  antiqui- 

aome  of  the  mrlvoii  o(  the  last  age.  Of  ties  were  purchased  by  the  Trustees  of 

the  person  first  noticed,  Mr.  Nathaniel  tbe  Britiso  Museum  shortly  after  the 

Samm  a  quaker,  there  is  no  mention  publication  of  some  account  of  them 

in  Mr.  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes  appeared,  with  two  plates,  in  our  Ma- 

of  the  Eighteenth  Century,  and  possi-  gazine  for  April  1633. 
bly  his  name  has  hitherto  been  desti-  .,    .r  ■     ■  ,  c 

tute  of  any  memorial.  ''''"-  Natkajuel  So«im. 

It  is  remarkable  that  a  disljnguisbed         Cole  eays,  "  I  put  him  down   here 

collector  of  modern  times  bears  nearly  because  about  the  year  1738  he  re- 


1859.] 


VirtuoM  of  the  Eighleenth  Cenhiry. 


silled,  as  I  uni  loM  by  Dr.  Ewin,'  whose 
fatlier  was  well  acquaiated  with  hiiu 
at  CBiubrtdse,  when  lie  was  taken  no 
ill  that  his  life  wss  despaiivil  of.  He 
WM  by  proreesion  n  quaker,  but  by  the 
tnvenUirf  of  hie  gowJa,  or  weariug 
npoarel,  it  looks  as  if  lie  did  not  much 
fiillow  their  mode  of  dress.  He  was  a 
man  of  taste  or  virtu,  aod 
greatest  collectors  in  hit  way  that 
was :  ineomuch  that  he  injured  his  for- 
tunes by  them.  He  had  ouantilies  of 
medals,  ores,  shells,  jewels,  pictures, 
enamels,  prints,  and  some  bodes.  He 
wia  a  bachelor,  and  dying  with  a  will 
made  at  Cambridge,  as  I  take  it,  thirty 
years  ago,  his  mother  being  then  ap- 
pointed executrix,  his  effects  fell  into 
Uie  hands  of  a  person 


nt  Wappin^;,  where  1  have  often  called 
upon  him  tu  look  over  his  old  books 
and  prints,  and  have  bought  many 
)>ounda'  worth  of  English  heads  of  him. 
for  he  would  sell  iinj  thing.  He  was 
nn  Iiidcjiendeiit  by  profession,  or  Ana- 
baptist, but  a  Deist  by  conversation. 
This  man  carried  oie  once  to  see  the 
of  the     Rnest  collection  of  English   beads,  I 

.. mean  as  to  the  binding  of  the  volumes 

and  letting  in  of  the  prints,  which 
were  all  surrounded  by  a  painted  sort 
of  frame,  and  belonged  to  oue  Nichols, 
a  quaker,  then  lately  deceased,  who 
lived  I  think  in  Canon  Street,  and 
were  then  on  sale,  [J  and  purchased, 
I  believe,  by  the  ingenious  Mr.  James 
West,  of  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields,  ond 
member  for  St.  Alban's,  who  died  last 


Siublic  auction  oi'  them  by  Mr.  Lang-     year,   and,   tho'   immensely   rich,   his 
ord  in  UieGreat  Piazza  in  Covent     books,  curiosities,  prints,  &c.  were      " 
Garden,   which  began  on  Wednesday     by  auction  in  Feb,  and  March,  I 
selling. 


Aug.  a,  and  was  nut  fiulahed  till  Mon- 
day Aug.  IS,  1T68,  being  nine  days  in 
selling.  Even  bis  old  shoes  were  sold, 
which,  however,  were  not  mentioned 
in  the  catalogue,  which  bore  this  title : 

"  A  Cataloode  of  the  genuine  and 
Talilable  collection  of  coins,  medals, 
&a.  of  that  ingenious  and  well-known 
collector,  Mr.  Nathaniel  Samm,  ol' 
Bartholomew  Close,  lately  deceased, 
which,  by  order  of  the  administratrix, 
will  be  sold  bv  auction  by  Mr.  Lang- 
ftrd  and  Son,   &c. 

"  Though  Ur.  Samm  had  such  a  choice    lished 
collection  of  everything  that  was 


March  10,  1773.  Hia  prints  alone,  hs 
Mr.  Horace  Walpole  wrote  to  me, 
were  sold  for  the  frantic  sum  of  \500l. 
within 4i. or ai.  AcoinofOliverCrom- 
well,  vii.  his  crown  piece,  sold  for  BO 


The  person  mentioned  by  Mr.  Cole 
ns  "  one  Nichols,  a  quaker,"  was  Mr. 
John  Nickulls,  F.U.S.  and  F.S.A.  the 
editor  of  Milton's  State  Papers,  puh- 
"  '  ' "  1T43,  oftheoriginalsofwuich, 
the  possession  of  the  Society 
he  kept  them  aUto  himself,  audshowed  of  Antii;|uiries,  some  account  was  rc- 
them  to  no  one,  which  was  as  singular  cently  given  to  that  body  by  their  pre- 
u  one  of  his  profession  taking  such  a  sent  Ireosurer,  Mr.  Bruce  (see  our 
vun  turn,  yet  I  knew  another  instance  June  number,  p.  636).  Mr.  Cole  was 
or  two  of  the  sameeort,  Mr.Anies,  who     wrong  in  supposing  that  thisgentleman's 

E'nted  'An  Account  of  Printing  in  Collection  of  Portraits  came  into  the 
gland,' tho' many  years  secretory  to  possession  of  Mr.  Janiei  West,  some 
the^Antiquaty  Society,  was  as  illiterate  time  Pres.  U.S.  Mr.  Granger  so^s. 
~    ~    ~  'I  have  received    in  the  preface  to  the  second  edition 

of  his  Biographical  History,   "  I  v 
Bured,  fVom  what  I  thought  th 
Tet  he  was  a  very  curious  and  inge-     unquestionable  authority  [this  was  jiro- 
nious  person,  ana   to  his  dying   day     bahly    Cole,   who   materially   assisted 
kept  a  sort  of  patten  or  hardware  shop     Granger,]  that  this  collection,  whence 

■  Dr.  Wm.  Howell  Ewin,  of  Cambridge.  Of  this  Kentlemnn  we  have  some  ancc- 
ilotM  from  Cole's  CoHcclioni,  which  will  forra  a  tatace  article. 

t  The  troth  of  this  statement  i>  coDBrmed  by  Ibe  letters  of  Mr.  Ames  now  in  the 
poHMtion  of  Mr.  Bcnj.  Nightingale,  one  of  which  was  printed  in  our  Magsiiae  fur 
MuEb  lut,  p.  945. 

;  What  followiissn  adJitioa  madeb;  Mr.  Cole  at  laother  timi 

i  The  cstdogues  of  Mr.  West's  sale,  with  pri.-e»  si  ' 
British  MuKQin.     Ptcsi  mark  (8SI.  i.  2h]. 

GxflT.  Mao.  Vol.  XIj. 


■tuny  letters  from  him  which  a 


9a» 


C0fTupo9uUnc€  of  S^hanw  Urban, 


[Sept. 


Mr*  Ames  took  his  Cataloffue,*  was 
purchased  by  Mr.  West"  lie  after- 
wards learned  that  it  had  been  pur- 
chased for  eighty  guineas,  from  Mr. 
Nickolls^s  father,  by  Dr.  Fothergill,  in 
whose  possession  it  was  seen  by  Dr. 
Docarel,  on  the  26th  of  December  1771. 
It  appears  further,  from  Nichols's 
liitemyAnecdotes, vol.  ii. p.  160, that 
QQ  Dr.  Fothergill*s  death  in  1780  the 


same  collection  was  bought  by  Thane 
the  printseller,  and  by  him  cut  up  and 
dispersed.  It  had  b^n  bound  in  ten 
voluineis  four  of  which  were  of  folio 
size  and  six  of  quarto.  Mr.  West's 
collection,  which  was  cut  up  and  sold 
in  1773,  was  in  twenty-three  Yolomea 
folio.  It  had  been  of  great  use  to 
Grang^er  in  the  compilation  of  liis  Bio- 
graphical History. 


CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN. 

Hr.  Freeman's  Memoir  of  Earl  Oodwine :  and  Remarks  on  Somptiqg  Chnrcb,  Snseex— Sepulchral 
EiBgies  at  Little  Baddoir,  Easex— Roman  Roads  near  LondesbOTongh— Diseorery-  of  Human  Skdto- 
tons  at  Whitwell— ^nperstitiona  Vievr  of  the  Second  Nomber:  The  Number  Six:  Unliortimate 
Days :  The  Offsar  Family. 


Mr.  Freeman's  Memoir  of  Earl  Godwinb  :  and  Remarks  on 

SoMPTiNG  Church,  Sussex. 


Mr.  Urban, — I  have  to  thank  you  for 
fhb  full  and  generally  accurate  report  of 
ifiy  paper  at  Chichester  '*  On  the  life  and 
PJMith  of  Earl  Godwine,''  which  appears 
in  thjB  last  number  of  your  Magazine. 
Blay  I  be  allowed  to  correct  one  or  two 
lienor  inaccuradet  ? 

I.  I  did  not  mean  to  express  mjrself  so 
strongly  as  to  say  that,  on  turning  to 
Florence  and  the  Saxon  Chronicle,  we  find 
no  mention  at  all  of  the  crimes  imputed  to 
Godwine.  I  fully  allowed  that  both  those 
anthorities  testified  to  the  existence  of  re- 
ports unfavourable  to  Godwine,  dating 
from  his  own  time ;  hut  I  endeavoured  to 
show  that  they  also  proved  (what  we 
should  not  have  found  out  from  the  later 
writers),  Ist.  that  other  versions  of  the 
same  events  existed  much  more  favourable 
to  him ;  2nd.  that  the  unfavourable  ver- 
sion can  hardly  be  reconciled  with  other 
BBore  undoubted  facta;  3rd.  that  other 
actions  of  Godwine, — ^indeed,  his  whole 
general  policy,  display  a  very  great  and, 
hk  many  respects,  noble  character. 

II.  The  description  of  Godwine's  sup- 
posed father  Wulfnoth,  in  the  printed 
Chronicle,  is  '*  Child  Wulfnoth,  the  South- 
Saxon,  the  father  of  Earl  Godwine/'  I  do 
not  know  where  you  found  the  words 
''Admiral  of  England;**  Wulfnoth  had 
certainly  the  command  of  only  a  portion 
of  the  fleet.  The  words,  "  father  of  Earl 
Godwine,''  are  wanting,  both  in  several 
MSS.  and  in  all  the  Latin  writers  who 
translate  from  the  Chronicle.     Florence, 


again,  though  distinctly  assertug  that 
Wulfnoth,  the  father  of  Godwine,  was  the 
nephew  of  the  ealdorman  Eadric,  does  not 
seem  to  identify  him  with  "  Child  Wolf- 
noUi,  the  South-Saxon." 

III.  I  think  I  proved  that  Godwine  held 
the  rank  of  Earl  before  the  Scandinavian 
campaign  in  which  he  distinguished  him- 
self. 

IV.  I  have  very  little  doubt  that  Gytba, 
the  sister  of  Ulf,  was  Godwine's  only 
wife,  and  that  the  former  wife  attribated 
to  him  by  Malmesbury  is  a  mere  raiseon- 
ception. 

Y.  With  regard  to  Godwine's  death,  the 
story  transferred  from  the  history  of 
JStbelstan  is  not  that  the  latter  was 
choked  by  his  food,  but  is  the  legend  of 
the  cup-bearer  slipping,  and  saying, 
"  Thus  brother  helps  brother."  But  the 
progress  of  invention  in  this  case  is  so 
very  singular  that  I  have  inclosed  the 
whole  passage  of  my  essay  which  referred 
to  it. 


The  great  Eari  of  the  West-Saxons  did 
not  long  enjoy  his  restored  ascendancy. 
Id  1053,  the  year  after  his  return,  he  died. 
The  Chronicle  informs  us  only  that  he  was 
taken  ill,  while  dining  with  the  king  at 
Winchester  **  on  the  second  day  of  Easter," 
when  he  fell  down  suddenly  in  a  fit,  was 
carried  out  into  the  king's  diamber  in  the 
expectation  of  his  recovery,  but  that  he 
never  recovered,  and  died  on  the  next 
Thursday .f     Florence  adds  that  his  song 


*  *'  A  Catalogue  of  English  Heads,  or  an  Account  of  about  2000  PrinU,"  &c.  1748. 
8vo.     See  Nichols's  Lit.  Anecd.  v.  267. 

t  0*5  >one  Dunresdaeg.  (Cbron.)  QuintA  post  heec  feri^  (^^^^A  ^'*  Lappenberg 
sm  "  on  the  fifth  day,"  as  if  Grodwine  survived  four  days.  But  Florence  means  the 
fifth  day  of  the  week,  the  Thunresdieg  of  the  Chronicle.     Hoveden  copies  Florence. 


Corresiiondtnce  of 

Harold,  Toitig,  and  GjTtii*  cmried  him 
out.  On  th»  Ibe  NormsD  faballiti  fane 
bnilt  Dp,  u  might  bate  been  eipectetl.  a 
■narTelioui  9UperBtructur«.  Sucb  b  death 
of  thsir  great  eaemy  mtgbt  tiioae  have 
been  represented  aa  a  manirenC  judgment 
OB  the  crailor  ;  bat  thii  would  hardly  have 
been  enough.  We  are  told  therefore  by 
Ingulf  or  pBeuda-IogulF— I  nill  not  enter 
into  IhU  question — and  by  M«lm«biif7, 
that  aj  Edward  and  Godwins  were  titling 
al  table  dfscoanJDg  about  the  king's  lute 
brother  .£1freil,  Godwine  said  that  he  be- 
Ueied  the  king  still  inspected  him  of 
hating  a  baud  in  his  death,  but  tiiat  he 
prayed  his  next  morsel  might  choke  him, 
if  he  were  guillj  of  auy  share  in  it.  Of 
coarse  his  next  monel  did  choke  him,  he 
died  then  and  there,  and  was  carried  out 
bj  Harold,  Nww  it  perhaps  occarred  tt> 
tbe  iwxt  generation  that,  tinder  the  cir- 
comstancei  as  inrngioed  b;  them,  the  de- 
(i«ued  XAtnA  was  a  rather  eitraordinaiy 
nilqect  of  discourse  to  arise  between  Ed- 
ward and  Godwine.  Henry  of  HnnClngdon, 
gifted,  it  may  be.  with  less  power  of  in- 
tention than  some  otbera,  makes  the  eon- 
teraatian  lake  ■  somewhat  different  and 
hardly  more  probable  turn :  Qadwine, 
"  gmtr  suns  et  prodilor,"  as  he  is  some- 
what atraugely  described,  it  rpclining  by 
King  Edward  at  Windsor,  when  he  ap- 
parently tolauteers  the  remark  that  be 
has  been  often  falsely  accDsed  of  plotting 
against  the  king,  but  tliat  he  trusts 
that  if  there  be  a  true  and  just  God  in 
hearen,  he  will  make  the  pi«w  of  bread 
choke  him  if  be  eter  did  lo  plot.  Tfac 
true  and  juat  God,  we  are  told,  heard  the 
Toice  of  the  traitor,  who,  as  the  chronicler 
charitably  adds,  "  eodem  pane  straiiguJBlus 
mortem  prteguBtavit  wtemam."  But  thia 
was  a  teiy  tame  ttorj.  The  conrersalion 
aboal  Alfred  was  too  good  to  be  lost,  ao 
some  meant  must  be  found  to  amwunt  for 
the  introduction  of  a  topic  which  one 
would  hate  e»pectrd  both  parties  to  aioid. 
Some  ingenious  person  bit  npon  an  old 
le|elid  wbich  Mnlmetbury  had  indeed  re- 
corded in  its  proper  place,  but  had  not 
thoDgbt  of  transterriog  to  this.  There  was 
an  oM  ecsndo]  against  jflthelatiui,  otber- 
wiau  one  of  our  nobleiC  monarcht.  to  the 
elTeot  that  be  eiposed  hit  brother  Eadwine 
■I  tea,  on  a  false  charge  of  conspiracy 
brought  by  his  cup-be»ror.  Seten  years 
■ftor,  the  cup-bearer,  handing  wine  to  the 


king,  ilipa  with  one 

trlth  tbe  other,  and  addi  the  facetiooajl 
mark,  "  So  brother  Lelpt  brother." 
king  jEthelEtBD  Is  thereby  reminded  k 
nan  had  made  him  depri  ~  " 
self  of  the  hel|>  of  kit  brother,  ai 
care  that,  however  strong  lie  may  be  ajM 
hit  feet,  he  shall  preaently  be  iborler  Ir* 
the  head,  which  had  no  brother  t  '  '' 
it.  Thus  in  iEthelrcd  of  Rieta 
ffendoter,  in  Bromton,  and  KnightODf  I 
we  read  how,  ai  Edward  and  Godwine  are 
at  table,  the  cup-beaTer  slips  and  recotera 
himselfi  Godwine  says,  "  So  brother  helps 
brother."  Edward  sayi,  "So  might  my 
brother  Alfred  hate  helped  me,  but  for  tbe 
treason  of  Godwine."  Then  of  ooorae 
Godwine  curses  himself  and  dies.  0ns  or 
two  little  improvements  are  alto  found  la 
different  wrileri.  That,  Bromton  makes 
Harold  appear  ai  the  cup-bearer,  and  his 
father's  remark  is  addressed  to  biro  ;  one 
only  wonders  that  tbe  disputes  between 
Harold  and  Toatig  were  not  tomebow 
la^ed  in  hen  also.  The  tame  Bromton 
puts  into  the  royal  saint's  month,  on  seeing 
Godwine  fall,  tbe  brief  and  polite  remark, 
"  Drag  out  the  dog,"  Wendoier,  who 
»ays  that  Edward  blessed  tbe  morsel  b»- 
fore  Godwins  swallowed  it,  expands  thji 
laconic  brevity  into  "  Drgg  out  that  dog 
and  traitor,  and  bnrf  him  in  the  highway, 
for  he  is  unworthy  of  Christian  burial.'' 
On  this  his  sons  carry  out  tbe  corpse  and 
bury  it  in  tbe  Old  Minster,  without  the 
king'a  knowledge. 

Such  was,  0*  Dr.  Lappenberg  truly 
says,  "the  last  attempt  of  the  Norman 
party  to  avenge  tbemseltca  on  the  lion'a 
skin  of  their  deadliest  enemy."  We  bate 
Dw  simple  and  natural  the  tale  ii 


!   first  e 


a  gra- 


dually grown  into  tbe  full  dimension 
slowed  upon  it  by  Norman  calumny .  Each 
plater  by  hat  deemed  it  his  duty  to  throw 
an  additional  stone  upon  the  corpse  of  the 
dead  traitor.  Wc,  at  this  distance  of  time, 
uiay  be  allowed  io  ignore  their  fables,  and 
to  draw  our  information  from  the  more 
tmstworthy  records  of  the  writers  of  hU 
own  time  and  nation.  The  impression 
conieyed  by  them  is  that  of  a  man  of  the 
greatest  natural  ability,  and  of  the  greatest 
practical  eiperienee,  who  devoted  bit 
powers  to  the  genuine  aervice  of  hit 
country,  but  around  whom  there  hung  the 
dark  suspicion  of  one  t  foul  crime,  never 


*  The  Chnwicle  meulioni  Harold  and  Toslig  at  being  at  Wincheater,  but  laya 
oMhiug  about  the  pretence  of  Oyrtb. 

t  He  appears  also  concerned  in  two  or  three  other  pieces  of  work  repugnant  to  the 
feelioBB  of  our  age.  such  as  the  disinterment  of  Harold  the  First,  the  burning  of  Wor- 
OtMar,  and  the  spoliation  of  Queen  Emma  by  her  son  Eadward.  But  in  none  of  these 
i*  Ira  tha  sole  agent  or  the  prime  mater  i  they  are  all  done  by  the  command  of  tbe 
king  for  the  lime  being,  and  Godwine  always  appears  in  company  with  tome  of  the 


266 


Corretpondeiuie  of  Syiramms  Urkam. 


[Sept. 


iadttd  proredf  b«t  on  the  other  hasd 
Bcrer  fally  disprored.  That  Godwine  was 
ionooent,  is  the  condosioo  to  which  the 
weight  of  eridence  indines,  bat  that  he 
should  have  been  erea  sospected  tcUs 
against  him.  When  the  .Ctheting  Edward 
at  a  later  period  died  suddenly  at  the 
court  of  his  ancle  and  opened  the  waj  for 
the  succession  of  Harold,  the  advantage 
to  the  latter  was  so  palpable  that  one  only 
wonders  that  he  was  nerer  aocoaed  of  a 
hand  in  his  death.*  Yet  1  am  not  aware 
that  even  Norman  enmity  erer  ventured 
upon  such  a  calumny,  whUe  English 
writers  hare  at  least  suspected  Godwine  of 
the  murder  of  .Clfred  under  far  more  ag- 
gravating circumstances.  We  may  fiurly 
conclude  that  the  charge  which  would 
have  been  at  once  felt  as  carrying  its  own 
refutation  with  it  in  the  case  of  the  son 
had  not  the  same  intrinsic  improbability 
when  applied  to  the  father. 


in  EnglaBd.  b«t  I  hvre  now  got 


«« 


of  aaote 


I  am  most  anxious  to  discover  the  **  Vita 
Edwardi''  quoted  by  Stowe.  As  such 
writera  as  Dr.  Liogard  and  Mr.  Thorpe 
are  obliged,  as  well  as  myself,  to  refer  to 
it  at  second-hand,  I  infer  that  it  does  not 
exist  in  print,  but  it  may  still  very  pos- 
sibly be  lurking  in  MS.  in  some  public  or 
private  library. 

Nearly  two  years  ago  (Gent.  Mag.  Sept. 
1851),  I  asked  in  your  pages  for  informa- 
tion as  to  two  other  chronicles  of  the  same 
period,  the  Vita  Harold*  and  the  tract  De 
Inventione  Stmcta  Orucit  WaUkamemtiM. 
1  cannot  find  that  they  have  been  printed 


.par 
1840. 

This  last  refereaee  RBuads : 
to  Mr.  Wrights  artide  in 
p.  135.  As  one  of  «« tfaa  wiitcn  of  tko 
Oxford  school  of  Gothic  arefaHectuo,*'  I 
may  say  that  I  do  not  think  I  had  rood  tko 
artade  in  the  Ardisological  Joonal  tben 
refeiied  to,  when  I  wrote  the  chniitT  on 
Anglo-Saxon  ardiitccture  in  my  Hialory 
of  Architecture,  though  it  is  rery  Hkclj 
that  I  may  have  derived  some  inforsMtioB 
from  it  indirectly,  if  its  contents  have  been 
"  very  unceremoniously  appropriated'*  by 
other  writers.  But  the  reference  m  mj 
last  paragraph  will  show  that  I  have  rand 
it  since,  and  that  it  has  set  me  oq  fvtker 
renarches,  of  whidi  I  hope  toae  day  to 
make  use,  and  shall  not  fidl  to  admow- 
ledge  thdr  source. 

Sompting  churdi,  I  may  add,  even  be- 
side its  Suon  tower,  is  one  of  the  moot 
carious  I  know.  The  tower  gives  mm,  as 
Mr.  Wright  says,  **■  an  almost  unique  ex- 
ample of  the  termination  of  a  Saxoa 
steeple  ;**  because  it  is  clear  that  a  termi- 
nation of  the  same  sort  must  have  been 
designed  from  the  beginning.  Bat  it 
would  be  worth  while  to  ioquiip  into  a  re- 
port mentioned  by  Mr.  Hussey  (Churches 
of  Kent,  &c.  387),  **  that  the  height 
reduced  about  twenty-five  feet  in  1762." 
Yours,  &c 

Edward  A.  FaiKitAir. 
OmJtlandt,  Durtley,  AugnH  9tkj  1853. 


Sepulchral  Effigies  at  Littlk  Baddow,  Essxx. 


Mr.  Urban,— In  Wright's  History  of 
Essej^,  vol.  i.  p.  122,  we  read,  that  in  re- 
cesses in  the  south  wall  of  the  centre  aisle 
[of  Little  Baddow  cbarcb]  are  the  carved 
figures  of  two  females,  who,  according  to 
a  traditionary  account,  were  the  founders 
of  the  church.  Then  follows  an  extract 
from  a  letter  of  Mr.  Joseph  Strutt,  men- 
tioning the  opening,  at  Little  Baddow,  of 
two  graves  in  the  wall  of  the  church,  over 
which  lay  the  effigies  of  two  women,  who 
by  I  heir  dress  appeared  to  have  been  buried 
there  in  the  13th  (?)  century.  Nothing 
seems  to  be  known  as  to  who  either  of 
these  ladies  was. 

I  have  lately  been  favoured  with  the  loan 


of  a  MS.  pedigree  of  the  Bemers  fiunily, 
who  have  left  traces  of  thdr  name  in  divers 
parts  of  Essex,  as  well  as  elsewhere.  It 
purports  to  have  been  compiled  in  1616, 
from  andeot  deeds  and  monuments,  and 
"truest  copies  *^  of  Camden  and  Glover,  as 
well  as  from  books.  There  Anne,  dau|^ter 
of  Sir  John  de  Bemers,  knight,  appears  to 
have  married  Sir  Hugh  de  Badew,  knighti 
of  Great  Baddow,  t.  Edward  IIL;  and  it 
is  added,  '*  This  Anne  lyeth  buryed  in  an 
arch  of  the  wall  at  Little  Badew  church, 
in  Essex,  with  the  monkey  at  her  face.'' 
So  it  stands  in  the  pedigree.  I  presume 
her  effigy  is  referred  to,  and  I  should  have 
thought  the  monkey  (the  crest  of  the  lady's 


other  great  men  of  tlie  realm  ;  in  the  first  case  with  Archbishop  iElfric  and  others,  in 
the  others  with  his  great  rivals  Siward  and  Leofric.  Bromton  indeed  insinuates  that 
Emma  was  spoiled  •'Godwin!  consilio,*'  but  it  is  clear  that  it  was  done  by  King 
Eadward's  mere  motion,  and  Dr.  Lappenberg  has  made  out  a  tolerably  plausible  case 
in  his  justification. 

♦  Falgrave  and  one  or  two  other  modern  writers  hint  at  it ;  but  I  remember  nothing 
of  the  sort  in  the  old  authors,  though  Saio  does  make  Harold  murder  an  Eadward, 
even  the  holy  king  himself. 


t853.J  Coyre.'.pundem:,-  oj 

father),  wai  morE  likelj  to  lisre  been  at 
bcr  feet  (  and  it  is  posaible  that,  in  traaa- 
cribing  the  note  of  same  one  who  had 
(iiited  the  church, /»(  hia  been  inadver- 
teotly  conwrted  into  fact.  Honever  the 
ReT.  W.  B,  Adf ,  the  incumbent,  has  been 
90  obliging  11  lo  eiamlne  both  effigies,  and 
iaforma  me  that  at  eaeb  ladj's  feet  is  a 
dog,  and  one  of  (he  animota  his  cropped 
ears ;  but  he  hai  found  no  trace  of  the 
monkey.  No  authority  i^  given  for  the 
■tatement  in  the  pedigree,  but  there  is  a 
conuderable  probabiiity  of  its  bsing  aab- 
stantialljr  true,  even  if  the  author  laistook 
ftdogwithihort  earaforBnaoniiey  ;  and  ai 
it  aiita  in  a  private  MS.  only,  1  have 
thought  it  worth  recording  in  your  pages, 
u  alTording  lome  re«gon  for  believiog  that 
one  of  the*e  ladies  was  this  Anne  de  Badew. 
She  wai  the  aiater  of  Sir  John  de  Bernera, 
the  father  of  Sir  James,  who  was  executed 


in  13%».  in  coueei|uence  of  the  inHuei 
he  wu  anppoaedto  haieover  King  Richard 
tho  Second;  which  Sir  Jsmei  waa  the  father 
of  Dame  Juliana  Beroers,  the  prioren  of 
Sopewell,  and  author  of  the  Ireatiae*  on 
hanking  and  hnoCing  in  the  Book  of  St. 
Albin'B.  From  other  sources  1  learn  that 
Sir  Hugh  de  Badew  had  a  lecond  wife,  who 
survived  him,  and  died  in  1419.  The  place 
of  his  residence  at  Great  Baddow  is  stiU 
kuown  as  Sir  Hugh's. 

The  letter  of  Mr.  Joseph  Strutt,  above 
referred  (o,  proceeds  to  mention,  that  three 
skeletons  were  found  in  one  of  the  graves, 
and  two  in  the  other.  Wbetberthe  graves 
had  been  preiiouily  violated,  and  made 
the  depositoriea  of  other  bonee,  or  how 
otherwise  more  than  one  skeleton  came  to 
tw  in  each,  I  must  leave  to  conjecture. 
Vouri,  See.     W.  S.  WALyoBU. 

Middtf  Temjih.AHS-  1853. 


R0MA> 


RLa> 


Mr.Uhi 
p.   165,  I 


-In  your  August  number, 
a  the 


■nbjeet  of  Ooodmaohsm  and  Londes- 
borough,  in  which  your  Eurrespondent 
B.W.S.  refers  to  the  Homan  road  noticed 
by  the  authoi  of  Eboracum,  as  haviug  been 
discovered  in  LoDdesborough  Park,  which 
road,  be  aaji,  niis  traced  not  luoie  than 
two  years  since  to  llnggaCe,  where  a  Ro- 
Enan  camp  was  supposed  to  be  discovered, 
and  where  some  relics  were  found  which 
were  certainly  Roman,  As  I  am  the 
pcnon  who  traced  the  conrse  of  the  road 
referred  to  by  E.  W.  S.  1  reiiuest  your 
penaisatoQ  to  correct  an  important  error 
in  bia  statement,  which  is  calcnlaled  to 
mislead  those  who  may  he  disposed  lo  in- 
vestigate the  long  disputed  question  as  to 
the  site  of  Delgovitia. 

If  your  correspondent  will  refer  to  Pro. 
fessor  Phillips's  new  work  on  The  Rivera, 
Uountains,  &c  of  Yorkihite,  bewilltlicre 
find  it  correctly  aUted  in  p.  291,  Ihst 
ffarttr  (not  Huggste)  is  the  name  of  the 
village  to  which  the  road  waa  triced,  and 
where  I  obtained  numerous  Roman  coins, 
brome  keys,  fiholK,  &c.  They  were  foand 
by  Ubourers  when  working  in  the  fields 
and  gardens  near  the  tillage,  similar  coins 
having  frequently  Ireen  found  prcvioasly, 
but  supposing  Ihem  to  be  "  old  faiihings  " 
tbej  were  not  preserved,  and  it  is  a  sin- 
gnlar  coincidence  that  lome  of  the  coins 
were  found  in  a  field  which  in  the  in- 
closnre  award  ia  named  "  ITsrthing  Green," 
but  which  naFDB  ia  now  obsolete. 

With  reference  to  the  Roman 


there  is  certainly  traceable  a  large  rect- 
angular space  surrounded  by  a  slight 
rampirt,  within  which  is  a  very  strong 
spring.  This  wax  the  site  of  a  priory 
which  may  have  been  built  on  the  site  of 
a  Roman  station )  bnt  unless  proved  by 
cicavitlons  being  made  through  it,  I  do 
not  think  it  would  be  safe  to  pronounce  it 
a  Roman  camp,  ilchough  if  this  were  Del- 
govitia I  believe  the  numeral)  of  Antonine'i 
Itineriry  would  agree  remarkably  well. 
Warter,  though  now  a  small  coantry 
village,  was  uuquestionihly  a  place  of 
importance  in  the  twelfth  century,  having 
a  priory,  and  fairs  to  which  tlie  bargesses 
and  commoDilly  of  Beverley  resorted.    In 

War/rs,  derived  probably  from  the  British 
word  trf  or  iref,  a  town. 

My  attention  was  lirst  directed  to  Warter 
by  in  old  map  of  Roman  remains  made 
for  Lord  Burlington  in  1714,  and  now 
deposited  in  the  British  Museum.  opoQ 
which  a  Roman  road  is  shewn  pointing 
from  Warier  in  the  direction  of  Loodes- 
borough  Park,  and  in  an  opposite  directJoD 
to  Garrowby  UiU,  where  it  joins  Garrowby 
Street.  Finding  lliis  map  to  be  sccnnla 
in  the  intrencbments,  tnmuli,  &c.  de- 
lineated upon  ity  there  was  reason  lo 
suppose  it  equally  accurate  in  the  Roman 
roads,  which  must  have  been  mora  easily 
traced  Ihen— before  the  lands  were  In- 
closed— than  they  can  be  now;  but  Ihent 
are  still  iraililions  handed  down,  which. 


flight 


,   prove  the 


anything  of  I 


e  kind  n1 


Kogglte.  neither  am  I  prepared 
that  I  discovered  one  at  Warter,  though 
the  ground  about  the  church  would  suit 
'    '      a  Roman   ataliou,   and 


old  map.  An  aged  m 
named  Wilaon  residing  at  Warter  saw  tha 
road  before  tbe  iuclosure,  atkd  Thomas 
Ogram  of  Millington  informed  me  that  bia 
grandfalher,  who  lived  to  a  great  age.  used 
to  i|ieak  of  it  as  "  The  great  packborae 


279 


•/> 


m  Ci 


o^CoUWoU  » 


try:  taea  jr^ 
Y:^  ntd  Iri^  tftLT 
[<  i^e.   rrffTi  aj 

1717  Pi:lTr«i.NoL4?3 

tfe  rc^iid  iieaii  iirectlj  la  haaitai^sri. 
pUee  I   :ue  ticv!^  ti.-  itabiQ 
far;  ::  pmtn  T>ir'^iM|>ii  Lord 

kore  <rf  3  VAS  bid 

tLn  1  }»d  before  hm."     It 

t^  rottd  vw  ifKa  exposed  ia  IrZ;^ 
Mat.  •  rreired  ianM 
of  LoodoborxMfk. 
■e  to  the  pUc«  wbcre  he   mw  it. 
poiaCcd  o«t  the  directioa  it 
cwmponded  with  Drake's 

Hmimg  traeed  the  come  ot  tha  rofti     the  WoUt 
fraB  Romaa  Ci(»e  oev  Market  Weightoa     direct  Ime 
■bag  the  road  «tiU  cailed  Xfaiifi'  Sirtti     habir foud  hr  the 
throafh  tbe  fields  to  the  veec  of  Goodaao-     or  a  thick  vood  ;  though  a  dhvel 
haa«  where  the  ridge  is  well  defined,  aad     York  so  the  Haaber  aaj 
abng  the  west  side  of  Street  Cbsca,  where     have  been  umsuanad  at  a  pdUb  way, 
for  a  fthort  distance  it  follows  the  iiae  of  a     which  woold  nuke    the   diMaaee  anc 
field  road  called  Wai  Sirtei,  and  so  on     shorter  thin  it  is  girea  ia  the  Itmjaij. 
to  Londesborongh  Park,  I  then  folbwed  Haxmi 

the  cDorse   ioiicated   bj  Drake   towards  Ymrk^  13/4  An§.  1S&3. 

Di-^covERT  or  HuMAX  Seelitox*  at  Wbitwbll.  RnXAXO. 


Me.  L'ebax,  — At  Wkitwell.  ia  the 
ooaatj  of  Rotland,  considerable  interest 
wat  recently  excited  bj  the  discovery  of  an 
aMembbge  of  bnman  skeletonSt  reckoned 
to  be  aboot  twenty- two  in  namber.  This 
diieoTery  took  place  aboat  the  beginning 
of  Jon«r,  in  a  grass  banic  which  is  about 
one  hundred  yards  long,  with  a  slope  of 
foar  or  five  yards  wide,  nmntng  east  and 
west,  a  rjaarter  of  a  mile  from  the  Tillage  of 
Wbitwell,  near  the  road  leading  to  Ezton. 
Tbe  bo<lies  Lay  in  tbe  direction  of  the  bank, 
singly,  with  ow,  exception,  in  which  foar 
distinct  skeletons  ooald  clearly  be  made 
oat  io  tliC  Hame  spot.  Tbe  first  and  Ust 
fonod  were  friiced  roaiid  with  rough  stones, 
vach  as  the  bank  would  afford,  in  the  shape 
of  the  remains,  under  aad  o? er  which  stonet 
were  als<^>  planed :  in  theae  instances  the 
h«ad  snd  foot  stones  were  chipped  roand. 
Two  immli  fragaieats  of  metal  were  found 


in  the  first  of  these  grares.  and  two  sauJl 
copper  coins  anJ  portions  of  aa  earthes 
crock  or  jar  were  elsewhere  discufctad 
daring  the  maoTal  of  the  baak.  All  those 
remains  were  aboat  three  fieet  belov  the 
sarlisce  with  the  exception  of  ooe  shall, 
which  was  found  (witfaoat  aay  boacs)  at  a 
greater  depth.  The  teeth  were  goHraBy 
soand.  Tnere  are  ao  parish  rerordsaor 
eren  a  tradition  to  throw  light  apoa  the 
caase  of  the  bodies  being  haried  them. 
The  nature  of  the  ground  aegatires  the 
idea  that  any  religious  bouse  was  near  tiw 
site,  or  that  eren  the  Tillage,  though  ezisl- 
ing  from  the  time  of  the  Saxons,  ooald 
erer  hare  extended  in  this  north-west  di- 
rection. 

The  foregoing  account  appeared  ia  the 
liaooln  Mercury  on  the  8th  of  Jaae. 
Sfaioe  then  I  hare  been  inforaied  by  a 
person  said  to  be  skilled  in  old  ootes,  that 


of  the  two  foDni]  o' 


Corretpondenet  ofSylvantu  l/rban. 

a  commoD  Torei^      ground  would 


piaoe  of  snjr  date  la  the  teienUealh  centorf , 
mud  the  olhpr  a  irfldesman's  token  of 
■bout  1650.  TIkia  BO  much  coufirmB  my 
prerious  cODJeclurv.  that  1  canuoC  bat 
con  dI  ode  that  tbrac  skeletoas  nere  so  oiuiy 
■lain  in  the  Great  Rebellion  about  tJie 
period  when  Budey  House  (on  the  Hill)  been  ni 
waa  burnt  by  the  Rebels,  and  alio  Great 
LnffeDham  Manor-house  ploudered.    The 


diatarbed  but  for  the  burUl  of  IheM  >c 
maioB.  The  jimaa  also  broken  when  dia- 
eo-icred.  The  bottom  uiea)iurea  four  inehea 
across,  Bud  1  should  couclude  fram  the 
remaining  fragments  Ibat  it  luit^bt  hare 
stood  a  foot  ot  thirteen  inchei.  and  ban    ' 


Yount, 


C.  Ei.1,; 


veil. 


SuFSHaTITIOI 


iVlBl 


Mr.UbbaK.— Mr.  Lodge, in  his  elabo- 
rate "  Life  of  Sir  Julias  Cniar,"  t  S27.  has 
glien  aome  aecount  in  the  introduction, 
and  at  p.  6M-G9,  of  a  eopinus  eommou- 
plioe  book,  belongiog  to  Mr.  Charles 
Ccaar,  of  Great  Gransden,  in  Hunting- 
donahire.  The  fourth  volume  of  Ibis  mi(- 
cellanj  contains,  with  other  tracts,  "  Mr. 
CKsar's  A'liinenu  /if/aufiu;  a  short  View 
of  the  unfortunate  ReignB  of  Sii  Kings  of 
England- WiUUm  IL  Henry  IL  Edward 
II.  Richard  IL  Charles  II.  James  II." 
It  oecnpiea  from  p.  Bl  to  p.  I  M  of  Mr. 
Lodge's  quarto  Tolumn,  commencing  with 
this  '■  obaerration,"  which  teriei  as  a 
nary  of  Ibe  essay  : — ■■  Such  kings  of 
and    as    were    the    Second,    of    any 


Englanij 


le  wbatsoerer,  proied  «erj  ui 
s,  both  t 


B>lt  itsBema  to  bate  escaped  Mr.  Lodgi 
notwilbttaoding  his  extensive  rewnrchei 
Ifaat  thi*  tract  bad  been  already  printed 
•nd  in  Mr.  Cieiar's  lifetime.  The  title  i 
"  Nomerua  Infaustus,"  &c.  as  above,  wi( 


this  n 


o(fro. 


-  Sine  C 


llMj- 


"  londou :  printed  for  Ric.  ChilWell, 
U  the  Sett  and  Cnam,  in  Si.  Pavl'i 
Churcknurd.  IGBg.  Licensed,  June  3S, 
89  (sic.)/.  Priaifr." 

The  number  of  pagea  is  H9.  but  the 
pa^g  ia  errooeont,  for  after  120  (by  mia- 
Ukt)  fbllow  73,  76,  77.  80,  99,  without 
my  break  in  the  text.  Perhaps  difierent 
■faeeta  were  being  printed  at  tbe  same 
time,  and  some  cancelUngs  may  have  been 
made  before  issuing  the  houk  from  the 

ft  contains  a  prefatur;  address,  whiitb 
does  not  appear  in  Mr,  Lodge's  copy. 

"  To  the  Reader.— Meeting  iDcideuUlly 
tbe  other  day  with  a  paiasge  in  Httlyn'i 
Oiography,  which  be  sets  down  in  these 
irorda,  p.  22b.  '  /  itill  prtttnl  gou  nil/t  a 


Jalal  oiiertalion  of  Me  Mlir  H.  at  I  find 
it  tkiu  rrrted  In  Albion't  Sngland  '— 
Not  suiienHtioati!  I  ipeak.  but  H  CliU  It  Iter  UlU     , 
Ut,  Ue.  I 

&.  auddea  conceit  darted  into  my  thooghti 
(from  the  remembrance  of  former  reading) 
that  such  kinga  of  Sngland,  as  were  the 
iKond  of  any  name,  proved  very  unfortu- 
nate princes,  both  to  theioietves  and  to 
their  people.  Wherenpoo  I  consulted  the 
En^IttA  Chronicles,  and  out  oT  them  I 
have  drawn  a  summary  narration  of  the 
lives  and  reigns  of  six  kings.  For  the 
matter  of  fsct  I  hava  faithfully  adhered  to 
the  history,  and  yet  1  have  not  trautcribed 
their  method,  itytt.  or  langwigt. 

'■  The  utritwf  of  Uiis  was  an  ntlerleim-  J 
ment  for  i  few  of  my  idle  Aoari,  and  fet^  I 
haps  the  reader  majr  be  pleased  to  ditirf  I 
hinuBlf  for  a  fen  minutet  In  the  |irrawL"      I 

The  idea  whicb  runs  through  this  tract  1 
can  scarcely  deserve  a  serioDS  refutstian  |   | 
Slid,  cnriously  enough,  it  is  directly  opi,   j 
posed  to  one  of  the  Latin  meanings  of  tt  ~ 
word,  Tihich  is  synonymous  with  forlunatn, 
See,  for  instance,  Cornelius  Nepos,  A.I4- 
biades,  c.  T,  "Timebatui  eaim  non  miuni 
quUm  diligehatnr,  ne  itcundd  fortuni  ni^- 
nisque  elatna  opibns,  tyiauoidem  concu- 

Dumeanil'G  Latin  Synonyms.  No.  2207. 
"  Amongst  the  Romans,    ' 


seciiHifHni.     Ueuce  these  eipreisions 
frequently  found  in  Latin  aatbon.  .... 
When  the  secoud  omen  was  not  fatonr^^ 
able,  it  was  only  called  aUinm.''  (p.  S 
Those  who  adhere  to  Mr.  Ckm  '    ~' 
(if  any  now  do)  ma;  add  the  in 
Ethelrcd  II.  Henr^  II.  of  Prance,  Jos 
II.  ot  Germany,  and  his 
I  I.t    Opposite  instance*  will  be  (band  Vt 
the  Emperor  Leopold  IL  and  in  Frede  * 
II.   of  Prussia,   thongh    Dr.  Towers  a 


t  Tl 

I  Maiuui 

L         tbciau 


And  Horace's  "  Secundo  amine."     Od.  3,  il.  50. 

t  The    unfortunate    Mogul,    8hah  Aulnm,  was    the   second  who   bore  that    title. 

!  son  and  successor  of  Aorengxebe,  had  also  borne  it  in  the  brgianing  of 

itury  (the  last).     Sw  De  Marl>'-s'  Hisi.  de  I'lade,  r.  3S3. 


^  ai  Uk 
(McMoin  oi  tht  Rdfm  U  Kiaf  Gcw^e 
tke  Third,  tdiud  U  Sir  D.  Le  MArcsaat. 
IMS,  ToL  i   p.  i., 

IVere  !•  aa  Itahaft  Mjia^  vkSe^  aukcs 
jix  as  umfottmaatt  ummber.  CkaadoQ  mti 
■  Uf  *'  DietUmnMin  Hiftork|«e"  oT  Pope 
Ptaft  VI.  "*  II  prit  a  Mm  ST^caKSt  k  ikmb 
4e  IV  VI.  et  jottifia  ravage: 

S«cc;«er  tol:,  texta  jtcrfia  Kaon  &dL 

What  ia  the  orifiB  of  this  n jiog,  vUck  b 
quoted  that? 


&MDe  writen  are  food  of  dweUiiif  on 
eoinddeaecs  of  dajt,  as  if  they  abo 
kad  thar  "  vafortaaate  nambera."  K. 
lfatoa-de«la-VareaBe,  ia  kia  oopioos  bat 
f  lanrtintj  *'  Uiatoiie  dea  ET^neaaeaa  ea 
Fmee,"  1806,  bariaf  detailed  the  attadc 
€B  tlie  Tnikriea,  adda  a  few  instanees. 
*' Aiaai  ae  tenaina  le  10  aoikt ;  qai,  aaivant 
le  Jaifs  et  Boame/,  fat  marqa^  par  lea  plas 
graada  aialliean.  C'cat  a  pareil  joar, 
Sieat'ila,  qoe  Nabacbodoooior*  et,  sept 
eeata  ans  apria  loi,  Trtas  prireot  et  detrui- 
nrent  Jeniaalem  et  ton  temple,  qo'oo  ne 
oat  jamaii  relerer.  C'cat  aaa»i  a  P^f^ 
Joar  qa'en  1557,  on  rit  p^rir,  k  Saint- 
Qaentin,  la  fleur  dea  cheTaliers  Fran9ais. 
Ce  fat,  enfin,  en  cette  joani^  fatale  de 
1793,  qoe  cbang^reot  la  deatin^  de  la 
FfBDce."  (p.  1 73.)  M.  de  Maries  has  re- 
marked a  similar  instance  in  the  History 
of  India,  as  the  date  of  the  barbarous  oat- 
rage  perpetrated  by  rebels  on  the  Mogul 
8bab  Aulam  in  17B8,  bj  depriTiog  him  of 
aight  He  calls  it  *'  ce  joar  terrible,  choisi 
par  les  rebelles  pour  consommer  lear 
crime,  joar  fatal  pour  plos  d*un  peaple, 
joor  oh  des  factieax,  de  lears  mains  sacri- 


ta 
2.  Utke 

9i  tke  sMan 
mikt 


d  ttet  kia  wm  a 
or  Dr.  Lisktfbet. 


kad 
to  a  ac^aeateicdfifiag,  aadaft  tka 

argiected  to  tiia  oal  a 
Sbype  ia  a  letter  to  Kidder  (alletaaida 
kiikop)  aaya,  ^*A  FcDov  of  Sc  Joka*a 

toit,orwkk^Sfa^ 


ft 


ao  tke  doctor  mad 
(Works,  8to.  cd.  t.  io.  483.)     He 
aqrs*  in  kts  Appea£z  to  tke  M 
li^tflboc.  ''His  frieadakip  to  Sfa- 
CiBMr  appeared  ia  tke  aevend 
gave  kiai  ia  kia  wckaeaa,  tke 
vUck  I  tkiak  vaa  Mortal  to  kiH 
ka  waa  rtrj  feaifd  Cor  kia  ova  ionily, 
jct  kis  ^ingalar  kfve  apd  redact  to 
Henry  made  kiaa  not  to  prefer  Ikat 
sidecation  to  kia  acrrioe  at  sack  a  tiaae. 


(Ibid.  i.  106.) 

3.  It  may  be  added,  tkat  tke 
papers  of  Feb.  SO,  1843,  aaaoaBccd  from 
tke  Cambridge  Chronide  tke  deatk  of  Mr. 
Ckarlea  Aogaatas  Caesar  of  Cambridge, 
aged  80,  ''descended  from  Sir  Jaliaa, 
tkroogh  his  fifth  son,  ^r  John  Cesar  of 
Hyde  Hall,  Herta.  He  kad  two  coaaina, 
Sasannah  and  Sarah,  spinsters,  daa^ters 
of  John  Cesar,  a  proctor,  who  waa  baried 
at  Ely  in  1755.  These  ladies  redded  in 
Uiat  city,  and  died  within  these  Uat  few 
years." 

Mr.  Lodge*8  work  waa  reriewed  in  your 
Magazine,  April,  1837,  p.  3S9. 

Yours,  &c.  J.  T.  M. 


^  Prideaai*s  compatation  differs,  bat  the  discossion  of  this  date  woald  be  too  long. 


7 


NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 
M  AMjiUa  SKieiy—Stw  StOosal  Oillcrr^Lllinirx  I-'h  ollbo  Public  Rn-firi]*- DocidhI  Coiiugt— 
Tbe  Bajal  College  of  ClicnUsCry  lul  Ihs  MetrapoUUn  Scliool  of  Scienix— Londun  L'nlrsnltjrCol- 
IbBO— TemnWiMT/  o(  Tonl>ridgB  Sctmol— Sdrntlflc  Hononra— l-mtMlt  o(  Ur,  Pill—HogirUi'i 
PIctoRi  It  BriMol— HoJ  jKKKl  lvl*«—nei]«nive  Church.  SiiJTDlk--I>lKimriM  In  SL  Jahg-i  chnrGb, 
Wlodimter— Vnrach  aiwoveriM  In  CUld*  »bi!  Art.  Minor— nimiiin  riULt  at 
Cvim  toaM  hi  9icll  j— PHm  (ur  iiii  E™y  on  Clirtuijm  liucripHonj. 


Tbo  popalorltj  vhich  b»  nttcndeil  the 
uitiqairiiin  discovf  ricB  of  Mr.  Layard  and 
Colonel  RaHliiUDa  bm  been  lulficient  ta 
let  on  foot  a  siiecial  "  Soeiely  for  B-r- 
jftoring  the  Auini  (j/  Aiii/ria  and  Baby- 
laniai  irilh especial  Reference  to  Biblical 
ntnatratlaD."  Itt  prospectua  aaaerls  that 
"  it  a  all  but  certain  ll»t  the  ilcb  di^co- 
reriea  already  made  by  M.  Bolts  asd  Mr. 
liiyard  bear  do  proportion  to  Ihe  treuures 
that  itili  lie  undetected  iu  tbe  eartli.  The 
re«Dtta,  bonever,  b«ye  been  of  bo  eitra- 
ocdiaarj  ■  nature  Ibat  it  would  be  matter 
of  deep  regret  snd  oF  nationni  reproach  if 
further  eicavationa  an  the  part  of  Rnglund 
were  DOW  alto^tber  abandoned.  Since  the 
publication  of  Mr.  Lajard's  second  work, 
remaini  have  been  found  of  a  much  earlier 
period  than  any  pretioualy  taken  from  tbc 
Asiyrian  mounds.  From  an  inacripliun 
interpreted  by  Dr.  Hincki,  it  would  e*en 
lecm  (hat  temples  eiislcd  of  the  nineteenth 
or  twentieth  ceotury  before  Christ,  aicend- 
ing  almoit  to  the  earliest  known  Egyptian 
period.  The  anuaU  of  those  Assyrian 
king*  who  are  mentioDed  in  Scripture,  and 
who  were  closely  cod uected  Kilh  the  Jewiib 
people,  have  not  yet  been  fully  compleled, 
and  the  chroniclei  of  the  wars  witb  Sa- 
maria and  of  the  deitruction  of  that  city 
■ro,  H  yet,  not  entire,  although  reference 
to  tbem  hu  been  met  with  on  several  frag- 
menla.  It  it  believed  that  diligent  re- 
■eareh  will  apeedlly  supply  the  missing 
io  formation. 

"  Beaidea  Ihe  ruins  of  .\»<tyriii  enormous 
renuns  eiisl  in  Babylonia  which  have 
been  scarcely  visited  by  Europennj,  and 
which  there  is  every  reason  to  conclude 
coDtain  objects  of  the  very  highest  interest- 
Owing;  to  the  overflowing  of  the  banka  of 
the  Euphrates,  tait  marshes  are  now  form- 
ing in  South  Meaopotamia,  which  threaten 
ore  long  to  dcitroy  many  of  the  remains 
entirely.  Some  indeed  are  already  under 
water  and  inaccessible  :  but  others  are  still 
fr«e  and  will,  undoubtedly,  upon  CTamiua- 
tian,  fumieli  relics  of  the  first  importance. 
CapUin  Jones,  who  at  Survey  or- Genera  I 
of  Meaopotamia,  and  commander  of  the 
steamer  on  the  Euphrates  and  Tigris,  has 
paased  the  last  thirteen  years  in  tbese 
ri^ons,  and  who,  within  these  few  weeks, 
hM  returned  to  this  country,  distinctly 
il«t«i  that  fimds  only  are  wanting  lo 
Gam'.  Mag.  Vol.  XL. 


obtaiD  f^om  South  Babylonia  or  Lower 
Chatdiea,  the  most  remarkable  addition! 
to  Ihe  knowledge  we  now  possess  of  the 
earlieit  recorded  history  of  tbe  world. 

"  Tlie  Society  is  formed  with  Ihe  view 
of  railing  s  fund  for  the  immediate  pr 
cution  of  the  work  indicated.     Tbe  staff  , 
for  carrying  forward  eicavatjoaa   already   [ 
eiiats ;    and  an   expedition   will  at  once  J 
proceed  to  Assyria  to  carry  forward  the  'i 
necessary  operatious.      A  pholographiM   1 
will  accompany   the  cipedition,  aud      "' 
take  copies  of  all  objects  of  interest 
covered.      In   England   f>rs>milea  of  tha    ' 
drawings  and  inscriptions  will  Le  issued  ai 
often  as  they  come  to  hand,  togelber  with 
explanatory  letter-press,  the  publication 
of  which  Mr.  Laynrd  has  kindly  under- 
taken to  saperinteDd,      It  will  be  lesi  the 
object  of  the  expedition  to  obtain  bulkj 
sontptures  tbau  to  collect   materials  for 
uomploting  ihe   hiatorj  uf   Auyria  tod 
Babylonia,  especially  as   connected  with 
Scripture.   These  materials  conslat  cbieHj 
ofin^rribed  tabteta  in  atone  and  in  clay, 
bronien,  bricks  and  aculptured  monnments 
of  various  kinds,   all  illustrating  the  re- 
markable  advancement    of    that    ancient 
civiliaatioo.      It   is   coafldently  believed 
Ibat  the  whole  history  of  Assyria  may  bs 
restored  to  a  very  early  jieriod,  and  that 
discoveries  of  the  moat  important  cbarae- 
ter  will  be  made  in  connection  with  dtf 
liter.iture    and    science    of    the   Aaiyriu 
people." 

His     Royal     Highness    Frinco    Albert 
boiinnrs  the  Sooiety  with  his  conntenaooe 
and  approval,  and  heads  tbc  aubscrtptiooa 
with  a  donation  of  one  hundred  pounds. 
It  is  presumed  that  the  sum  of  10,000/. 
will  be  mjuired  to  commence  oprratioM 
at  once  in  various  parta  of  MesopotaDiia« 
and  to  BUatain  necesiary  activity  during  ■ 
period  of  three  years.     But  as  it  is  of  Iha  _ 
utmost  consequence  to  proceed  with  OmM 
greatest  vigour  daring  the  first  twelve*  1 
month,  it  is  calculated  that  up  to  Augu^  1 
I8S4,  50001.  of  Ibe  sum  named  might  be  H 
expended.     In  addition  to  the  donatioUf 
it  is  intended  lo  raise  aounal  subacriptloD* 
of  a  guinea  each,  Ibe  payment  of  wbldi 
shall  entitle  the  subscribrr  to  tbe  report! 
and  memoirs  iaiued  by  the  Society.     Tha 
undertaking  being  regarded  ai  a  continua- 
tion of  the  researches  already  coiameuced 
SN 


iT    =^.#e: 


Tut  irrvj"  TT  a.  :^  *=*■ 


«r 


'*r.-.nmfniL:Ci<n.  Iir   .w  iiuraaM  ir 

t    JUS'^i.*^    fclJl'LjL     ir-j^;iarrf    »-;j.    lilt     d- 

iiiit  vt  nmut  3  wmiug  ii 
'Uixr.  I.  ±Si*n  •nin  «iit:K.ii  :•: 

i*.»u«n  1''  -::*»  5Ls.i**si:i.'.x  :c    r;..  iiii 
Otoe  v^'oit^f-tf   ifd.rt  iiae  w-iir  rv*.  ntf. 


U*e  |/«»t  tf«r.  j!  •uvrc  :j^:.  "la  'Jx 
mr    1''j2.  vyji»\   >q   \*j:tvj   iri-^qirer* 

Ufe  ytAf  ;  V'.**  »ufr.  V/UJ  of  docniE««bU  a>a» 
•uJvd.  •:x«a,.i**i,  ytnkixtd,  *jT  traaicribei 
l>7  tb^M;  ^_K'.\^u**:fi  dorini^  the  Cwdv« 
tuftui\»%  yr',^th't,j  #rxc«*di»  10.0(Kl.  Ont 
ilfutUrinjiri  ifj  tr*»:  f,our»^  of  the  year  coo- 
Mjt/:^  ff«r«rlT  7.'iO<> 'i/xmmeoU,  pnocipaUy 
lit  Hi*:  H//iU  Cri«j#<:l,  for  th«  porpote  of 
///mf/ilir.^  th#T  hiv'orj  of  a  %tnirle  towDsbip; 
«fi«}  )i.u  f:x«'fiptf:  r/jiij  be  fjBOted  eqiuUy 
iw  4$»iAityit»ii  tit*:  prwATWortby  iodaatry  of 
Of«r  i/idivjduikJ  tiid  the  Uboar  vbich  that 
iftduatfy  impoMa  up^/a  the  Record  oiBceri. 


:r 
ITTL    if    I'v^jfw 

vrntpiii  t^  IAS  V.  7i>*^ 
ymthmiT^  re  naramta 


fytCT-xi    :i' 
MUX.:  ?xc  U.-S  crs 

iar  :rr->rBCT^  tvei  & 

e?«c^a»»t 

ftad  tr*  KLLju  tzd  slTer  coc^  of 
aad  ie«  zci:*.  v:th  »«ek 
neaee  ccij  «b7w   to  be 
C  Lukoe .'.  .-c  vf  lie 
rocated  c  ^  tb^  ^^abyecc.  1 
ilut   "  he   vu   oif 
vovld  require  mmck 

part  both  ?f  Goremmcvt  and  of  tbe 
Uovte  before  say  deCrrBainatiqa  eoaU  be 
eoBe  to."  It  appears  that  no  half.«rovii, 
aa  impracticable  coin  for  decunal  oHar 
haa  been  ftrnck  nnce  18^,  tbo^rfi  the 
Mint  has  been  leuemly  very  bnatlr  ea- 
gafed  in  ailTrr  coioa^.  It  was  recently 
lUted  by  Mr.  Wilson  in  the  Hoaae  of 
Commons  that  within  the  eight  wedca 
ending  the  13th  August  !?44,80(ML  had 
been  coined  in  silver,  an  amount  anpieee* 
dented  in  the  annals  of  the  ririmi^c ;  aad 


1853.] 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


that  Ibe  •nen^oD  of  (lie  Mint  irould 
next  be  directed  to  a  Buppl;  of  balf- 
WTereigni. 

At  1  geaeral  meeting  of  the  Royal  Col- 
l«9«  e/  Citraufry.  held  on  tlie  2(itb  Jul;, 
it  vu  lonoDDced,  tbit,  in  cnniequeDce  of 
Dr.  Hofmtnu  b*tiii|{ar£epted  (he  chair  nf 
Chemiitrr  in  tlie  Metropolitan  Schoo!  of 
Science  applied  lo  Mioing  sod  the  Arta, 
tbe  Council  bad  entered  iuto  ■  correspond- 
cnne  witb  the  Goiernment  for  the  pDrpoM 
of  perpetiutJDg  the  Rojrai  College  of  Che- 
miitrjr  b;  uoiting  it  with  the  Mstropoliton 
Sohoot  of  Scietice,  Ttie  eorr^pondence 
witb  IbBGavernmeat  hBTiDgbeearnd  and 
deemed  ntlilsclory,  >  formal  reioliitioD 
OH  pot  that  tbe  letee,  fiimiture,  and  fix- 
tnm  of  tbe  College  be  made  oier  to  the 
GoTerament.  The  tubscriptiooi  collected 
for  the  ^car  will  be  retarned,  and  a  new 
Tolume  of  Chemical  Reports  will  be  im- 
medialdj  priuled  and  itistributed. 

Tbe  joint  Cbair  of  Geolug;  and  Mine- 
ralogr  in  London  Univeriits  CulUs'  has 
been  filled  by  the  appoiotmeut  of  Mi. 
Morri*,  aatbor  of  a  "  Catalogue  of  Briliib 
Fo**il*r"  and  many  roemoiri  of  great  ori- 
pnaliljr  and  iuipoitance.     For  tbe  lint 

Sir  B  mm  of  int.  baa  been  preiented  bj 
rnn  Goldsniid  for  ibii  chair,  aa  well  ai 
aama  of  leaaer  amoiiQt  for  prizea  ID  the 
stodenta. 

On  tbe  26111  July  the  Company  of 
Skiaoen.  Governor!  of  Thnbridgt  School, 
bdd  their  annual  >i»itation  at  Ibe  ichool- 
bou».  Tbia  anoivenary  being  the  300lh 
from  tbo  date  of  the  charter  in  1553,  it 
itaa  celebrated   witb  a  solemoity   worthy 

foundation,  resnlting  froui  tbe  benevolence 
of  one  of  the  great  mercbanta  of  London 
in  the  earl;  dayi  of  tbe  Reformation,  Sir 
Andrew  J  add,  citizen  end  ikinner.  Tbe 
Archbithop  of  Canterbury  accompanied 
tbepTOceuion  from  Iheechoolto  the  pariah 
cbnrcb,  where  a  choral  tFrrice  naa  per- 
fbnned,  and  an  appropriate  aermon  waa 
praacbed  Ijy  the  Primate,  Tbe  company, 
to  IheoDmlierDf  200,  parlook  nf  ade/euner 
giaen  by  the  Htad  Mailer,  tbe  Rev.  Dr. 
VelldoD,  and  then  retarued  to  the  school 
riron  for  the  diatribution  of  priies.  The 
wbolata  availed  ihemtelvea  of  Ibe  oppor- 
tBnltylo  prnent  to  Dl.  Welldon  a  splendid 
epergne  ad  a  leatimonial  of  Iheirunanimoue 
regard.  In  tbe  eiening  the  governora 
eatcrtaiDed  a  party  of  nearly  1 00  at  dinner 
in  tbe  library  of  Ibe  achonl,  the  Maater  of 
tbe  Conn  of  Govemon,  Mr.  E.  H.  Bar- 
nail,  being  in  tbe  ebair,  auppotted  by  ihe 
Harqaeaa  Camden.  Mr.  M.  Smith,  M.P., 
the  Rer.  Sir  C.  Hardinge.  Bart.,  Vicar  of 
Tonbridge.  ind  tbe  following  diatinguialied 
acholara  of  tbe  achool,  >it. :  The  Hon. 
J.   Byng,   the   Ket.   1.  J.   Saint,    mnl 


Lecturer,  tbe  Re*.  C.  Girdieatotie, 
many  othera. 

Pr^fuor  Sncke,  the  aatronomer,  bia 
been  appointed  Rector  of  tbe  Uniieraity  of 
Berlin,  Mr.  LtOHe  Lttti  bsi  received, 
from  the  King  of  Prussia  the  Gold  Medll 
for  Science,  in  appreciation  of  bia  work  oo 
the  CoEnmercial  Law  of  tlie  World, 

A.  fine  three-quatteri  portrait  of  Mr. 
put,  by  Hoppnir,  bought  at  Sotbeby  and 
Wilkinion's  a  few  montlii  back  by  Mr. 
MDSatt,  M.F.,  baa  been  presented  by  that 
gentleman  to  the  National  Gdllery,  and 
Tawf  be  Been  at  Marlborough  House.  Iti* 
the  beat  portrait  of  Pitt,  and  an  admirablt 
example  of  Hoppner'a  art.  A  duplicate  at 
it  waa  boughl  aome  two  yean  lince  by  tbg 
late  Dnke  of  Wellington,  and  added  to  tb« 
collection  at  Apsley  Honae.  Mr.  Moffatt!^' 
irell-eeleoted  gift  merits  imitation.  ^ 

Tbe  vestry  of  St.  Mary  Rcdcliff,  Briatnb 
have  announced  foraale  the  three  giganlw| 
pictvret,  ig  Hagarth,  whi  '  ~ 

ber  their  church  :  "  the 
"Sealing  of  tbe  Sepulchre,"  andtbe"Tirq 
Marya  at  llie  Sepulchre." 

Ber  Majesty's  Chief  Commissioner  o( 
Woods  and  Forests  has  agreed  to  an  ar- 
rangement very  faiouiable  for  the  public 
with  reference  to  Hotyrood  Palaci.  lu- 
alead  of  Ihe  present  unsatisfactory  mods 
of  leaving  the  gratuity  to  the  discretion  of 


thevi 


nail  filed 


-6d.,wi 


ill  be  aubatituted,  and  tbe  palaoa 
will  be  open  every  Saturday  without  any 
charge  whatever.  Improvemcnta  are  also 
l«  be  made  in  the  groundb. 

Theei^anl  church  of  flnf;raee,Suffolk, 
which  two  or  three  yeara  since  waa  tho- 
roughly repaired  and  relieved  of  aome 
clumsy  bdiik  bnttreasea  which  reached  from 
the  nate  piers  to  the  wall  of  the  north  aisle, 
and  paaied  through  the  roof  up  to  tbe 
'  "'  "    dividing  tb 


heautiet.    The  fine  Dceoratedea 
which  Toeaiures  30  feet  in  height  and  1^  J 
in  width,  consisting  of  eevea  lights  andk 
splendid  folialed  head,  bits  been  completi ' 
filled  with  stained  glaas,  the  liberal  gift 
E.    P.    BUke,   esq.     The    lights   contaj&'l 
large  full-length  figorei  of  the  four  £"">.* 
gclista,  Saints  Peter  and  Paul,  and  at 
in  Ihe  centre  one,  oar  Savionr  in  tbe 
tude  of  benedtelion,  and  below,  tbe  Crud) 
fiaion  and  Agnus  Dei,  together  witb  a' 
figures  of  angeia  bearing  emblems.    Thai 
fuur  principal  lighti  in  the  bead  diip]q>  1 
tbe  angel,  the  lion,  tbe  bull  and  the  eagla,  I 
the  symbola  of  the  Evangelisli,  with  ex- 
quiaite   grisiaile-work    in    ibe    roUationa. 
The  canopies  above  the  Ggores,  tbe  ground- 
work displaying  tylnbola  o'  Ibe  Trinity, 


I 


276 


NoteM  of  the  Month, 


CSept 


9tc  and  especially  the  armorial  bearings — 
the  shield  on  the  left  containing  the  arms 
ofthe  donor,  Blake  and  Qarland,  and  that 
on  the  right  those  of  the  rector,  Wilson 
and  Hales — are  all  well  drawn  (the  absence 
of  good  drawing  being  the  great  deside- 
ratum in  modem  stained  glass),  and  a  rich 
tone  and  general  harmony  of  colour  per- 
vade the  whole  work,  which  is  uneaualled 
in  the  county  for  general  beauty  of  design, 
tise,  and  effect.  Mr.  Thomas  Farrow,  of 
Diss,  who  repaired  the  church,  was  also 
employed  to  execute  the  window. 

During  the  removal  of  the  old  pewing 
of  St.  John'i  Church,  Winchester,  the 
workmen  have  discovered  the  ancient  font 
beneath  the  flooring,  broken  into  pieces. 
It  is  of  very  simple  workmanship,  formed 
out  of  a  block  of  fine  sandstone,  and  sup- 
posed  to  be  a  work  of  the  twelfth  century, 
supported  on  a  central  shaft  surrounded 
by  four  small  columns.  Some  paintings 
have  been  discovered  on  the  walls  of  the 
church.  The  subjects  are  the  Crucifixion 
(cross  St.  Andrew's),  with  the  two  thieves; 
figures  of  the  Virgin,  St.  Bartholomew, 
St.  Christopher,  and  other  saints,  and  the 
martjrrdom  of  Saint  Thomas  of  Canter- 
bniT.  Sketches  have  been  taken  of  them 
by  Mr.  Baigent,  jun. 

The  French  exploration  in  Cilicia  and 
AmU  Minor  hat  resulted  in  the  copying  of 
upwards  of  one  hundred  and  thirty  Greek, 
Latin,  Armenian,  and  Arabian  inscrip* 
tions;  and  in  the  collection  of  between 
fbur  and  five  hundred  medals  and  coins, 
of  the  ancient  Greeks,  the  Lower  Empire, 
the  Roman  colonists,  the  rulers  of  Armenia, 
the  Crusaders,  and  the  Arabs — also  of  four 
curious  stones  found  at  Messis  and  Kara- 
dach  of  the  old  Grecian  and  Byzantine 
epochs.  It  has  also  led  to  the  wcovery, 
at  Kusuk>Kolah,  of  a  burial-place  of  the 
Greco-Roman  times ;  and  from  it  M. 
Langlois  extracted  numerous  sarcophagi 
in  brick,  some  human  bones,  a  quantity 
of  statuettes,  chiefly  Greek,  representing 
different  divinities,  some  funereal  orna- 
ments, theatrical  works,  household  utensils, 
and  caricatures.  All  these  things  have 
been  forwarded  to  Paris.  M.  Langlois, 
in  the  course  of  his  researches,  obtained 
abundant  proof  that  the  Arabs  and  the 
Mussulmans  generally  had  taken  pains  to 
demolish  the  buildings,  works  of  art,  and 
inscriptions  of  the  Greeks  and  Romans, 
and  especially  of  the  early  Christians. 

The  Abb^  Cochet  has  published  an  ac- 


count of  his  examination  of  some  Ronan 
ruins  recently  discovered  on  the  site  of  an 
old  church,  dedicated  to  St.  DeniSy  but 
demolished  in  1823,  at  Xa/Momm.  The 
ruins,  he  says,  are  the  remains  of  n  man- 
sion of  considerable  importance,  and  the 
principal  portion  of  them  consiats  of  a 
hypocaustum,  and  of  a  number  of  flues  hj 
wUch  hot  air  was  conveyed  from  it  to  an 
adjacent  apartment.  The  walls  of  the 
hypocaustum  and  of  the  apartment  are 
BoUdly  built  in  flint  and  stone,  and  those 
of  the  latter  are  thickly  covered  with  a  red 
cement.  Part  of  the  floor  of  the  apart- 
ment also  remains.  It  b  paved  with  bricka 
and  tiles,  which  are  covered  over  with 
cement,  and  of  which  some  were  so  mdely 
made  that  they  still  bear  marks  of  the 
workmen's  fingers.  The  apartment  ap- 
pears to  have  been  ornamented  with  bands 
of  blue,  yellow,  red,  and  white  paint.  But 
perhaps  the  most  interesting  circumstance 
in  connexion  with  the  ruins  is,  that  <dear 
proof  has  been  obtained  that  part  of  the 
edifice  to  which  they  belong  was  utilised 
in  the  construction  of  the  church.  At  one 
time  it  was  believed  that  the  Christiatts  of 
the  falling  Roman  empire,  and  of  the 
middle  ages,  had  too  great  a  horror  of 
paganism  to  make  use  of  any  of  itsedilioea 
for  their  churches  ;  but  it  is  now  abund- 
antly clear  that  they  entertained  noscmple 
whatever  of  turning  any  suitable  building 
of  the  pagans,  and  even  pagan  templea 
themselves,  into  Christian  sanctuaries. 
Thus,  in  addition  to  the  discovery  at  Lille- 
bonne,  it  has  been  ascertained  beyond 
doubt  that  the  churches  of  Bourdainville 
and  Saint  Martin  I'Orlier,  in  Normandy, 
and  the  cathedral  of  Bayeux,  are  partially 
formed  from  public  buildings  of  the  Ro- 
mans—probably temples.  The  same  thhig 
is  believed  of  the  cathedral  of  S^,  an9 
of  the  church  of  St.  Paul  at  Rouen. 

About  three  thousand  Oreek  cotnt  of 
the  sixth,  fifth,  and  fourth  centuries  btfore 
Jesus  Christ,  have  just  been  discovered  in 
some  excavations  on  the  site  formerly  oc- 
cupied by  Naxos-Taurominium,  on  the 
eastern  side  of  Sicily.  They  are  of  the 
value  of  three  or  four  drachmas.  They  have 
been  deposited  in  the  Museum  at  Nipples. 
The  Academy  qf  Archteology  at  Rome 
advertises  a  prize  for  the  best  paper  on 
the  earliest  Christian  inscriptions  relative 
to  the  history  of  the  Church.  Papers  are 
to  be  sent  in  before  the  10th  July,  1855. 


HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


Tht  Querlirly  Reperl  nfihe  Rtjltlrar- 
Otnenl. — To  thnto  nlio  deaire  <□  obtBin 
■cmelhing  like  a  carrrct  tUw  ddI  only  of 
the  aiitnil  caiidiliDD  of  this  counlrj  but 
of  iEi  progress  aad  prospects,  or,  as  some 
of  onr  frieails  ffoald  hn«e  iis  believe,  of 
its  decay  and  impending  disialution,  the 
TCtumi  of  the  Regiatrar- General  afford 
muA  intereating  aod  iaiportODt  matter  for 
ooniideration.  Among  other  questions 
which  hne  boen  of  late  macb  agitated  is 
one  ai  to  the  effect  whirh  is  being  pro. 
daeed  upoo  population  by  the  nnprece- 
deated  amount  of  emigralioD  which  is  noH 
going  on.  It  appearj  that  the  eiceas  of 
iHTths  over  deaths  in  England  and  Walea, 
in  the  three  mootlie  ending  June  30,  IB:i3, 
«u sa,H57,  the  birlba  having  been  l5H,7le, 
■ad  the  deaths  107,861.  Duringthe  same 
period  115,93!!  emigranli  tailed  from  all 
tbeporti  of  the  United  Kingdom.  Of  Iheae 
16,993  neat  from  Iriih,  and  7,884  from 
Scotch  ports.  By  fer  the  greater  number, 
however,  namely  7  iMS,  sailed  from  Lif  cr- 
pool,  and  half  of  the»e  may  probably  be 
Kisnmed    in   have   come   from    the  Bister 

Making  these  Jeductitms,  we  have  for 
tlie  actual  emigration  from  England  and 
Wales  alone  about  61.000.  This  indi. 
ettea  a  diminution  of  popnlatian  in  the 
quarter  of  about  13,000.    We  must,  hon- 


deatha  baa  been  less  by  from  8  to  IS.OOO 
than  in  the  thrre  previous  yean.  The 
general  result  ehona  that  the  population 
of  England  and  Wales  is  aetually  decreas- 
ing, though  to  a  tmall  extent.  But  the 
importance  of  Ibis  fact  nill  be  appreciated 
when  it  is  remembered  that  for  the  Srat 
SO  years  of  the  present  ccntnry  it  had 
beau  iocreaaing  at  a  rate  of  nearly  flmLOOl) 

The  effect  of  a  rapidly  increasing  de- 
mand for  labour  upon  a  population  which 
b  even  diminishing,  is  becoming  manifest 
in  a  rise  in  the  rate  of  iragaa,  especially  in 
nDiknied  employmenta,  and  in  numerous 
strikes  nhich  have  taken  place  ia  many 


■  of  tl 


«ith  u 


acarcity  of  employment  and  low  wages. 
The  real  reason  which  justifies  their  de-  I 
mand  nt  present  is  that  circumatancea  ai 
such  as  enable  them  In  obtain  it  i  but  it  ia 
questionable  whether  tlie  competition  of 
emplayera  would  not  give  it  them,  under 
Boy  circumstances,  sooner  than  they  can 
obtain  it  by  meo 


theii 


tt  disaatroua  to    , 


bj  employers.  It  is  interesting  to  observe 
the  effect  of  the  natural  laws  of  demand 
and  supply  upon  the  conduct  of  those  who 
are  ignoraut  of.  or  even  repudiate,  those 
laws.  The  usual  plea  stated  for  increased 
wages  is  the  increased  cost  of  provisioas, 
but  those  who  make  u>e  of  it  must  be  well 
■ware  that  hitherto  the  general  character- 
iitica  of  periods  of  high  prices  ban  been 


workmen,  exhaust  the  eraployera'  capital, 
and  by  so  much  diminish  his  power  of   ] 
affording  employment. 

In  Scotland,  so  far  ai  we  can  judge,  the 
case  must  be  nearly  the  same  ai  in  Eng- 
land ;  but  in  Ireland,  if  the  supposition  we 
have  adopted  he  true,  that  half  the  Liver- 
pool ecn  igratioii  is  due  to  that  country,  the 
natural  increase,  which  is  certainly  leas 
than  ^0,000,  is  couuterbalanced  by  an 
emigration  of  54,000,  so  that  the  popula- 
tion of  that  island,  which  had  diminiihed 
by  nearly  two  milliona  in  the  t«a  year* 
ending  ittil,  continues  to  decrease  at  the 
rale  of  130,000  in  a  year. 

It  is  n  remarkable  fact  that,  although 
the  gold  discoveries  have  undoubtedly 
given  a  considerable  ilimulus  to  emigra- 
tion, especially  iu  England,  the  emigra- 
tion to  the  Australian  coloniei  has  been 
only  17,103,  or  leas  than  one  seventh  of 
the  total  amount.  By  far  the  greatest 
number,  *S,S03,  have  gone  to  the  United 
States,  and  20,107  to  North  America, 
leaving  a  remainder  of  only  495  to  other 
parts  of  the  world. 

The  excessive  moitality  of  the  present 
season  has  arisen  mainly  from  the  great 
increase  of  pulmonary  complaint*  conse- 
quent onHbe  excessive  coldness  and  wet- 
ness of  the  spring.  It  la  stated  in  (he 
valuable  meteorological  paper  by  Mr. 
Jamea  Glaisber,  contained  in  the  report, 
that  for  a  period  of  nearly  four  weeks, 
commencing  on  tbe  SOth  of  April,  (he 
average  temperature  was  i'S'  below  that 
of  tbe  average  of  the  same  daya  in  BO  pre- 
vious years,  and  that  on  several  days  tbe 
defect  was  from  8°  to  14°- 

There  is  also  a  remarkable  increase  iu 
tbe  number  of  violent  deaths  in  the  tablB  ' 
of  mortality  for  the  metropolis  . 
though  30  per  cent,  abo^e  the  average  of  I 
thefourprevious  years,  does  not,  from  tha  ] 
sroallneE*  of  the  actual  amount,  materiollj'  1 
afTect  the  general  result.  i 

The  notes  of  name  of  the  local  registrars 
indieata  a  melsncboly  extent  of  ignoranos 
and  prejudice  in  some  of  the  rural  districts 
in  the  obstinate  refnsal  of  many  persons  to 
adopt  the  precaution  of  vaccination.  In 
the  younger  days  of  Sylvaous  Urban  the 
^nialt  pox  was  s  soourgc  acarcely  lets  fatal 


278 


Miscelianeous  Reviews, 


[Sept, 


than  the  plagues  which  so  frequently  de- 
raitated  Europe  in  the  middle  ages.  For 
a  lonf(  period  there  seemed  no  remedy 
again;*!  its  ravages  ;  but  at  the  present 
day  ProTidence  has  placed  within  our 
reach  a  means  of  prevention  which  is 
almost  certain,  and  which  alleviates  where 
it  does  not  entirely  prevent  the  disease. 
We  are  therefore  justified  in  believing  that 
few,  if  any,  of  the  deaths  which  now  take 
place  from  this  cause  would  occur  if  vac- 
cination were  universal.  The  number  of 
deaths  from  small  pox  in  Ix)ndon  has  this 

?^ear  been  much  below  the  average  of  the 
bur  previous  years  ;  but,  as  that  of  last 
year  was  as  much  above  the  average,  it 
would  perhaps  be  premature  to  conclude 
that  the  improvement  U  of  a  permanent 
character. 

We  cannot  quit  this  subject  without 
remarking  on  the  admirable  manner  in 
which  the  valuable  statistics  collected  in 
the  Hegistrar-General*s  office  are  edited 
and  published.  The  tabular  statements 
are  well  arranged  to  show  the  movement 
of  the  population  for  the  corresponding 
periods  of  five  years,  and  are  preceded  by 
a  careful  and  intelligent  report,  in  which 
their  general  results  are  considered  and 
illustrated  by  the  various  circumstunces 
that  may  explain  or  modify  them.  We  had 
recently  *  to  discuss  the  propostals  of  the 
gentleman  who  is  at  the  head  of  this  office 
in  a  question  of  taxation,  and  found  occa- 
lion  to  express  an  unfavourable  opinion 
of  his  financial  schemes.  We  have  there- 
fore  the  more  satisfaction  in  acknowledg- 
ing his  unquestionable  merits  in  the  de- 
partment over  which  he  so  ably  presides. 

Reports  and  Papers  read  at  the  meetings 
qfthe  Architectural  Sodetiett  of  the  Arch- 
deaconry oj  Northampton,  the  Counties  of 
York  and  Lincolny  and  irf'the  Architectural 
and  Arch(£ological  Society  of  the  County 
qf  Bedford,  dunng  the  year  MDCCCLIL 
800.-:- Judging  by  the  size  of  this  volume, 
and  the  number  of  memoirs  it  contains. 
in  comparison  with  its  two  predecessors, 
it  would  seem  that  the  taiste  for  English 
architecture  was  not  increa.siiig,  but  had 
rather  declined  from  the  fervour  of  its  late 
popularity.  One  of  the  five  societies,  whose 
papers  were  included  in  the  former  vo- 
lumes, that  of  St.  Alban's,  has  no  part  in 
the  present.  The  contributions  of  the 
other  societies,  though  not  numerous,  arc 
very  creditable  to  them ;  and,  in  many 
cases,  possess  more  than  a  local  interest. 
The  Northampton  Society  contributes  two 
papers,  both  by  Mr.  Poole,  one  on  the 
round  church  of  St.  Sepulchre's  at  North- 

*  Gent.  Mag.  April,  1853,  art.  Income 
Tax. 


amptoD,  and  the  other  a  synchronological 
table  of  the  bishopi  of  the  English  sees, 
from  the  year  1050  to  1550,  framed  with 
the  object  of  showing  how  far  tbo  pre- 
sence and  the  taste  of  particular  cfaurdi- 
men  in  various  localities  may  have  in- 
fluenced the  style  of  the  cathedral  and 
other  churches  with  which  they  were  con- 
cerned, and  occasioned  a  similaritj  in  pw* 
ticular  features. 

The  Yorkshire  Architectural  Society 
contributes  an  essay  on  the  history  of 
Church  Arrangement,  by  W.  H.  Dykes, 
esq. ;  an  interesting  account  of  the  recent 
excavations  of  Sawley  abbey,  by  J.  R. 
Walbran,  esq. ;  and  an  historic  sketch  of 
Pontefract  castle,  by  Rev.  E.  Batty,  M.A. 
Those  from  the  Lincolnshire  Architectural 
Society  are  five  in  number, — on  Hecking- 
ton  Church,  by  G.  G.  Place,  esq.;  on 
Sleaford,  Sempringham,  and  some  neigh- 
bourin*;  churches,  by  Charles  Kirk,  B.A. ; 
on  Thornton  abbey,  by  F.  Pyndar  Lowe, 
M.A.;  and  two  on  more  general  subjects, 
one  being  an  essay  on  Open  Seats,  also  bv 
Mr.  Lowe,  and  the  other  on  Churchjsrd 
Monuments,  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  M.  H. 
Bloxam,  whose  competence  to  treat  upon 
any  portion  of  the  subject  of  our  sepnlchral 
memorials  has  been  manifested  on  many 
former  occasions. 

The  Architectural  and  Archeological 
Society  of  the  county  of  Bedford  sends 
only  one  architectural  article,  and  that  not 
of  a  practical  kind.  It  is  an  essay  on  the 
Moral  and  Intellectual  Expressions  of 
Architecture,  by  the  Rev.  John  Taddy, 
M.A.  It  has  no  reference  to  the  archi- 
tecture of  the  county  ;  and  altogether  we 
fear  there  is  still  a  supinenes^  in  Bedford- 
shire in  regard  to  local  anUquarianism, 
which  is  shamed  by  the  activity  and  the 
productions  of  some  other  counties,  such 
as  Sussex,  Norfolk,  and  West  Suffolk. 
The  absence  of  other  original  articles  is 
supplied  by  a  reprint  of  Captain  (now 
Rear- Admiral)  Smyth*s  amusing  Essay  on 
the  Tradesmen's  Tokens  of  Bedfordshire, 
which  was  originally  published  in  the  Nu- 
mismatic Journal  in  1837  ;  and  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Ro&e,  of  Houghton  Conquest,  adds  a 
short  paper  on  Samaritan  or  Hebrew  coins. 

ApPENDiciA  ET  Pkrtinentia;  ot 
Parochial  Fragmetits  relating  to  the 
Parish  of  West  Tarring  and  the  Cha- 
pelries  <f  Heene  and  VurringtoUf  in  the 
County  of  Sussex ,-  containing  a  L\fe  of 
Thomas  d  Beckel,  an  historical  and  de- 
scriptive Account  of  his  {so  called)  Palace 
at  West  Tarring f  and  qf  the  Figs  he  in- 
troduced; some  Account  of  the  learned 
John  Selden,  and  Selden*s  Cottage  at 
Salving  ton,  ^c.  ^e.  Sfc.  By  John  Wood 
Warter.    B.D.    Vicar  qf  West  Tarring. 


1858.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


279 


8?o.— The  multiArious  topics  of  this  vo- 
lame  are  discussed,  for  the  most  part,  in 
the  form  of  a  dialogue,  for  which  purpose 
the  author  has  divided  himself  into  the 
two  characters  of  Eubulus,  the  resident, 
and  Alethes,  his  visitor.  In  matters  of 
local  topography  and  antiquities  the  model 
which  the  author  sets  before  him  is  White 
Kennett's  Parochial  Antiquities,  in  those 
of  natural  history  Gilbert  White's  History 
of  Selbume,  and  in  those  of  Church  policy, 
which  occupy  a  considerable  share  of  his 
colloquies,  the  writings  of  the  author  of 
the  *•  Book  of  the  Church,"  and  the  Vin- 
diei«  Ecclesise  Anglicane. 

No  one  is  more  conversant  with  the 
sentiments  of  Sonthey  than  Mr.  Warter, 
who  is  the  editor  of"  The  Doctor  ''  and  of 
Southey's  *' Common  Place  Book,"  and 
he  possesses  much  of  his  mastered  art  of 
illustrating  obscure  points  of  knowledge  by 
recondite  reading  and  acute  observation, 
and  of  lending  a  grace  to  trifles  by  apt 
quotations  from  past  worthies  and  by  pro- 
fitable sentiments  of  his  own  : — pursuing 
the  course  described  in  one  of  his  nu- 
merous mottoes, 

• — Thus  1  entertain 

Tbe  antiqaarian  humour,  and  am  pleajieU 
To  skim  along  tbe  surfaces  of  things, 
Beguiling  harmle^tsljr  the  listless  hours. 

(Wordsworth's  Excursion.) 

The  book  includes  a  well-considered  life 
of  Archbishop  Becket,  written  with  an 
evident  desire  to  reach  the  truth  and  to 
give  to  conflicting  dates  and  authorities  an 
impartial  comparison.  This  has  been  be- 
fore published  in  the  English  Review. 

The  other  portions  of  the  book  have 
been  written  for  some  years,  though  they 
have  hitherto  remained  iu  manuscript. 
The  whole  are  now  published  **  in  aid  of 
the  restoration  of  the  Church  at  West 
Tarring."  Whilst  they  contribute  to  that 
object,  tliey  may  happily  exercise  some 
influence  on  tbe  future  administration  of 
the  Ecclesiastical  Commission,  for  cer- 
tainly its  conduct  in  regard  to  West  Tar- 
ring appears  little  accordant  with  the 
objects  for  which  that  authority  was  pro- 
fessedly constituted.  "  Tiie  simple  facts 
are  these.  West  Tarring  comprehends  a 
sinecure  rectory  and  a  vicarage,  together 
with  what  are  called  the  extinct  chapelries 
of  Heene  and  Durrington,  over  which  the 
vicar  of  West  Tarring  has  the  spiritual 
charge.  The  population  is  about  1000. 
The  parishes  are  extensive  —  five  miles 
from  end  to  end,  and  of  a  great  circuit, 
— the  people  all  poor,  and  no  resident 
gentry.  The  emoluments  of  the  vicar 
are,  under  commutation — for  West  Tar- 
ring 111/.  5«.,  for  Heene  28/.,  for  Dur- 
rington (near  200  souls)  a  modus  of 
6/.  13.  Ad,   Besides  this  there  is  a  stipend 


of  30/.  payable  from  the  rector,  a  charge, 
that  is,  on  the  sinecure.  The  late  rector 
— than  whom  there  could  have  been  none 
better  [the  Rev.  William  Vauz] ,  owing  to 
the  poverty  of  the  place,  and  the  heavy 
calls  upon  the  vicar,  made  the  payment 
40/.  So  poor  was  West  Tarring  considered, 
now  near  a  century  agone,  that  a  licence 
was  granted  in  the  7th  Geo.  III.  to  unite 
it  to  the  rectory  of  Patching,  nearly  five 
miles  distant,''  whereupon  the  rectory- 
house  of  Patching  was  pulled  down.  Here 
then  was  a  combination  of  four  ancient 
parishes — West  Tarring,  Heene,  Durring- 
ton, and  Patching.  Mr.  Warter  states 
that  both  the  two  last  archbishops  of  Can- 
terbury were  anxious  to  separate  Patching, 
and  to  consolidate  the  rectorial  and  vicarial 
tithes  of  the  three  other  places,  but  they 
found  no  opportunity  of  effecting  this  re- 
form. When  the  late  rector  died  in  Dec. 
1844,  the  Ecclesiastical  Commissioners 
had  become  entitled  to  all  sinecure  recto- 
ries by  the  3  and  4  Vict.  c.  113,  a  particular 
clause  of  which  act  would  have  authorised 
them  to  perform  the  measure  of  justice 
required  in  the  present  case.  In  the  words 
of  Lord  Stanley,  with  reference  to  that 
act,  uttered  in  tbe  debate  on  the  Welsh 
bishoprics.  May  2,  1845,— "The  first 
charge  upon  those  sinecure  rectories  which 
at  present  contribute  nothing  to  the  ser- 
vice of  religion  is  to  provide  for  the 
spiritual  wants  of  the  parishes  from  which 
they  are  taken."  As  our  author  justly 
remarks,  if  the  Ecclesiastical  Commis-' 
sioners  would  not  avail  themselves  of  such 
an  opportunity,  how  can  lay  impropriators 
be  expected  to  make  personal  sacrifices  to 
do  so  .'  The  Commission  sets  them  "  « 
bad  example"  instead  of  a  good  one  :  and 
places  itself  exactly  in  the  invidious  posi- 
tion of  the  monkish  impropriators  by 
whom  so  much  spoliation  was  originally 
inflicted  upon  parishes.  Mr.  Warter  is 
severe  in  his  reflections  upon  this  conduct, 
but  not  more  so  than  the  circumstaocei 
warrant.  He  adds  that  the  late  rector  was 
a  charitable  man,  and  alive  to  the  responsi- 
bilities of  property,  specially  of  ecclesi- 
astical property,  but  his  doles  are  now  dis- 
continued altogether,  the  Ecclesiastical 
Commissioners  having  (as  a  corporate 
body)  no  such  conscience.  Finally,  it 
appears  (notes,  pp.  358,  305),  an  arrange- 
ment has  been  made  for  detaching  Uie 
rectory  of  Patching,  but  the  rectory  of 
Tarring  remains  in  the  hands  of  the  Com- 
missioners. 

And  now  a  few  words  respecting  the  "  so- 
called  "  palace  of  Becket  at  Tarring,  which 
has  given  occasion  for  the  introduction  of  a 
memoir  of  his  life  into  these  *'  Parochial 
Fragments. ' '  This  '  *■  palace  "  is  the  same 
which  is  also  called  the  Rectory  Hdose, 


280 


MiscellaneouM  Review*. 


[Sept. 


ind  we  ore  told  tliat  there  b  lofficient 
evidence  to  show  that  the  old  archbishops 
of  Canterburj  did  occasionally  reside 
among  their  tenants  upon  this  manor, 
which  was  given  to  their  see  before  the 
Conquest,  by  King  Athelstan.  Of  BecVet's 
visits  there  is  no  direct  record :  and  the 
house  in  question,  though  old,  is  generally 
assigned  to  the  reign  of  Edward  TV.  But 
the  true  vestigia  of  Becket's  former  pre- 
sence are  his  fig-trees.  •*When,"  says 
Mr.  Warter,  "  I  first  became  a  denizen  of 
this  county,  nothing  could  exceed,  on  a 
hot  summer*8  day,  the  solemn  beauty  of 
the  fig.garden  at  West  Tarring.  Before 
the  severe  winter,  some  six  or  seven  years 
ago,  which  destroyed  the  Gothic  arch  of 
the  middle  walk,  its  shade  was  awful  and 
imposing.'*  On  this  topic  Mr.  Warter 
expends  many  pleasant  pages  of  horti- 
cultural  and  poetical  gossip.  His  discus- 
sion on  the  character  and  merits  of  the 
learned  Selden  will  also  be  read  with 
interest.  Of  the  cottage  at  Salvington,  in 
the  immediate  neighbourhood  of  W^est 
Tarring,  which  gave  birth  to  that  illus- 
trious Englishman,  some  account,  accom- 
panied by  a  view,  was  published  in  our 
Magazine  for  Sept.  1834. 

In  the  way  of  criticism  on  Mr.  Warter*s 
lucubrations,  the  only  important  remark 
we  have  to  make  is  this,  that  his  doubts 
upon  the  site  of  the  ancient  city  of  An- 
derida,  Caer-Andred,  and  Andredsceastre 
are  now  completely  out  of  date.  The  Rev. 
Mr.  Uussey  of  Rottingdean  has  success- 
fully  argued  that  the  Roman  walls  of 
Anderida  are  still  standing  at  Pevensey  ; 
and  in  that  opinion  he  is  entirely  8U|)ported 
by  the  concurrent  opinions  of  Mr.  Lower, 
Mr.  Roach  Smith,  Mr.  Wright,  and  other 
judicious  antiquaries.  The  conjecture  of 
Camden  and  Selden  in  favour  of  Newenden 
in  Kent  is  therefore  now  obsolete. 


7%e  Book  qf  the  Axe;  containing  a 
Pictorial  Description  qf  that  beautiful 
Stream t  and  Sketches  qf  all  the  Townst 
Villages,  and  remarkable  places  upon  its 
banks.  By  George  P.  R.  Pulman.  Third 
and  greatly  enlarged  Edition,  {Published 
in  Monthly  Parts,  to  be  completed  in 
Twelve  Parts).  I— VI.  Post^vo.  The  Axe, 
a  river  which  falls  into  the  sea  at  Axmouth 
in  Devonshire,  having  had  its  rise  at  died* 
dingtou  Copse  in  Dorsetshire,  and  runs 
for  some  distance  along  the  borders  of 
Somerset,  is  one  of  our  many  rivers  de- 
riving its  name  from  the  British  word  for 
water,  which  continues  almost  in  its  pri- 
mitive form  in  the  Yorkshire  Wiske,  is 
in  Monmouthshire  the  Usk,  in  Devon- 
shire the  Exe,  in  Yorkshire,  Bedford- 
shire, and  Sussex,  the  Ouse,  and  at  classic 
Oxford  the  Isis,  besides  various  other  modi* 
8 


fications  elsewhere.  There  is  a  aeeond 
Axe  in  Somersetshire  which  givet  name 
to  Axbridge,  and  flows  into  the  Biulol 
Channel.  But  the  subject  of  the  preeeat 
work,  which  is  the  Axe  of  Azminsler, 
claims  to  be  more  estenttally  iL  Detvm- 
shire  river.  ' '  It  flows  (writes  the  Bvlkor 
before  us)  through  one  of  Chose  loxnriail 
and  delightful  valleys  to  be  found  in  De* 
▼onshire  alone^a  TsUey  lo  fall  of  ferti- 
lity that  it  seems  incapable  of  being  oott- 
tained  vrithin  the  undulating  hlUt  by 
which  it  is  inclosed,  so  diTenified  end 
beautiful  that  the  eye  nerer  tires  of  be- 
holding it.  The  elm-crowned  hedge- 
rows trace  it  everywhere,  like  Una  npoa 
a  map.  Narrow  winding  lanes,  half  bariad 
between  their  flower-covered  banks,  eon- 
duct  to  its  picturesque  recesses,  wherei 
away  from  the  busy  haunts  of  men,  the 
honey-suckled  cottage  excites  the  wan- 
derer's admiration,  embosomed  as  it  u  in 
poetry  and  peace,  and  where  the  primi* 
tive  farm-house  holds  out  to  him  its  oM- 
fuhioned,  open-hearted  hospitality.  Anon 
some  crumbling  rain,  or  some  nujetCie 
ancient  ])ile,  arrests  his  eager  footsteps, 
and  with  a  silence  more  eloquent  than 
words  may  preach  to  him  a  solemn  les- 
son. Directing  his  gaze  along  tiie  glori- 
ous landscape,  he  detects  the  tiny  riTer, 
threading  its  early  course  among  the  dis- 
tant meadows  which  the  wild  flowers  are 
'  painting  with  delight.'  Farther  down 
he  beholds  it  approaching  some  pleasant 
little  village,  half  hidden  by  orehards, 
where  the  blacksmith  rings  oat  joyfel 
music,  and  where  the  school- children  are 
gamboling  upon  the  green.  Again  it 
stretches  away  and  glistens  in  the  son- 
shine  among  the  quiet  violet  meadows 
yonder,  in  which  the  famous  '  great  red 
cows  of  Devon '  are  quietly  pasturing. 
•  •  •  *>  y^Q  Jq  qq(  transcribe  the  whole  of 
the  author*s  glowing  picture ;  nor  must  our 
extract  be  taken  as  a  specimen  of  the  sta- 
ple of  the  book.  W'hen  his  tributes  of  ad- 
miration to  the  beauties  of  nature  havebeen 
duly  paid,  and  his  raptures  are  expended, 
Mr.  Pulman  proceeds  to  re)iear>e  the  his- 
torical annals,  and  describe  the  present 
appearance,  of  each  locality  with  great  in* 
telligence  and  good  sense  ;  and  the  infor- 
mation which  he  has  derived  from  personal 
observation  and  from  the  communications 
of  his  friends  shows  that  the  book  is  by 
no  means  a  mere  compilation  from  former 
writers.  There  is  one  error  which  we 
must  point  out,  because  it  is  frequently 
repeated — the  name  of  the  historian  oif 
Dorsetshire  is  misspelt  Hutchings,  instead 
of  Hutchins.  We  also  observe,  among 
the  illustrative  notes,  one  which  states 
that  '*  Manors  were  formerly  called  Ba* 
roDies,  as  they  still  are  called  Lordships" 


Miscellanea 

(p.  IBO).  Tbii  ii  I  miiapprehi 
MToniei  coiuisCed  of  manjr  matiors  or 
tordjUpi,  and  pnerally  took  their  distin- 
puihiog  nimc  from  Ilimt  minor  upon 
which  Ibc  residence  of  llie  biiron  was 
fixed,  vhicb  becDDic  tbe  caput  Btirrmi/t, 
u  wu  the  ciuie  with  Cutle  Cary. 

Tbe  book  ii  illiutrated  bjr  lotne  very 
prett;  riem  in  tinted  litbognphy.  on^  of 
which  ia  giten  in  ever;  number. 

nt  Royal  Deiciml  ofNdn«  and  Wei- 
linflOB  from  Rdaard  Ikt  Finl,  King  qf 
Bnglmd,  wilA  Tablet  qf  Pidigree  and  Oe- 
nealogieat  Utmoirt.  Campiltd  by  George 
RiukII  French,  author  a/  a  Conase  Gt- 
ntalofical  Hulory  of  England,  or  fA: 
Anenlry  iff  Que™  VictoTia  and  Prince 
Albert,  lamo— Tbe  number  of  genen- 
tiou  from  King  Edward  tbc  First  to  NeUoa 
it.  ucording  ta  tlie  «eieril  LineB  Iraced  bv 
the  aatbar  of  this  «ork,  either  aiitteen, 


that  after  netrlj  twenty  gepenliana 

tbe  time  of  Edward  the  Pint,  it  ihould  be 

poaiible  that  almost  any  Eiigtiibman  may 


>e  that  m 
of  male  ane 


ig  hia  Haifa  i 


eighteen 


■naou'cli  to  the  Duke  of  Welliagton,  by 
one  line  only  giiteen.  by  another  so  many 
**  twenty,  by  two  otliera  eighteen,  and  by 
a  fifth  nineteeD.  In  the  aecond  grade  of 
■Doeitrat  e;[tractioD  a  man  haii  two  grand- 
fttben,  ia  the  tliird  four  grest-graod' 
E>tbsn,in  the  fourtbeight  male         — 


and  la  tbey  ci 


double  ii 


gcnention  of  ucent,  uutil  in  the  aixteenth 
tbey  amount  to  33,768,  in  the  twentieth 
to  tbe  great  number  of  h'ii,!^^,  and  in 
tbe  twenty -fint  to  upward*  of  a  million — 
vdmu  tbe  dedncUooB  that  must  eriae,  in 
thocourie  of  that  time,  from  tbe  marriages 
of  eonsini  either  more  ur  less  near,  who 
have  the  same  ancestors  to  a  greater 
or  len  extent.*    It  is  tlierefqrB  no  wonder 


of  Jan 


t  Uutler   third   Earl   of 


Onnonde,  fmm  wiiom  the  former  was 
thirteenth  in  deacent,  and  the  latter  fif- 
tmnth.  That  Earl  was  Ibc  grandson  of 
Eleanor  de  Bohun,  Countess  uf  Ormonde, 
a  granddaughter  of  King  Edward  I. 

From  tbe  frequent  intermarriagBs  of 
Toyat  families,  partieularly  in  the  south  of 
Barope,  tbenmnbersaboie  staled  are  very 
materially  lessened.  In  our  Magazine  for 
Feb.  1834,  will  be  fannd  a  table  sIiowinK 
that  the  present  Qnero  of  Spain — being 
descended  in  bie  difTereot  ways  from  her 
sreat-crenl- great -grand  father  LauIs  the 
Dauphin  (son  of  Louis  XIV.)-bas  ber 
progenitora  in  tbe  fifth  degree  reduced 
(torn  thirty-two  to  fourteen :  and  being 
dcMCoded  in  ten  different  lines  from  Henri 
IV.  her  progenitor  in  the  eighth  and  ninth 
ile|ree>,  her  anceators  are  farther  propor- 
tioaalsly   reduced  in  thooe  earlier  gene- 

-      f.M*o.V0L.  XL. 


wuen  we  sjso  know  that  tha  blood-royal 
was  widely  diffused  among  tbe  nobility  of 
our  medieval  reigns,  aud  that  it  has  theuM 
deaoended  to  the  gentry,  and  often,  if  it 
could  be  traced,  to  (he  commonalty.  When 
Mr.  C.  E.  XA>ng  compiled  his  rolume  of 
■'  Royal  Descents  "  a  few  years  Bince,t  ' 
book  which  incladed  only  tbe  names  of 
tboie  liTing  persons  who  were  fA«  reprt- 
leilativeiof  our  ancient  Blood-Royal,  in 
deacent  from  beiressea,  and  consequently 
tnliUed  to  garter  Iht  royal  armt,  it 
was  discotered  that  one  of  such  peiaons 
was  keeper  of  a  lumpike-gale  near  Dud- 
ley, and  that  others  were  empUiyed  in 
the  trades  of  aboe-makiug,  saddlery,  and 
npholatery.  (See  our  vol.  xxiv.  p.  387.) 
Mr.  Burke,  the  well-known  genealogical 
author,  immediately  adopted  the  iden  of 
Hr.  LoDg'g  book,  perceiiiug  no  doubt 
how  fiatteriug  a  distinctioa  it  offered  to 
those  families  who  have  an  impriuion 
rather  than  a  knoaltdge  of  their  illDslri- 
oni  descent,  and  who  are  consequently 
inclined  to  view  Hich  a  distiuctioa  as 
more  peculiarly  their  own  than  an  ac- 
curate BcquainMnce  with  the  matter  would 
abow  it  to  be.  It  may  be  taken  as  a 
goueral  rule  that  it  ia  only  neceaaary  to 
trace  a  descent  from  a  family  of  aome 
territorial  importance  in  tbe  sixteenth  or 
seventeenth  century,  to  be  able  abo  to 
trace  it  further  either  tu  King  Edward  tbe 
Third  or  King  Edward  the  First :  once 
make  sure  of  the  former  step,  a  little 
patient  industry  and  research  will  accom- 
plish the  latter,  and  probably  in  more 
than  one  line.  In  the  cue  of  the  Dake  of 
Wellington's  family,  it  appean  that  manj 
years  ago  their  descent  from  King  Edward 
I.  through  the  Cohhsms,  Peytons,  and 
Colleys,  was  drawu  out  fur  the  late  Mar- 
quess Wellealey  by  Ulster  Kmg  of  .\mia. 
Mr.  French  claims  for  bimielf  the  "  dis- 
covery" that  tbe  Coanteisof  Morniogton, 
mother  of  the  Mariiacss  and  of  the  Duke 
of  Wellioglon,  was  descended  from  Lad; 
Lucy  Neville,  wife  of  Sir  Anthony  Browne, 
K.G.,  vbich  Lady  Lacy  was  descended  in 
three  several  ways  from  King  Edward  the 
Sinl.  Lady  Morniogton  was  also  de- 
scended through  the  O'Briens  and  the 
Butlers  Earls  of  Onnonde.  from  Elitabeth 
Countess  of  Hereford  and  Essex,  and 
daughter  of  Edward  I.  which  princess  wai 

f  Royal  Deacenti:  a  Genealogical  List 
of  the  several  persons  entitled  to  Quarte 
the  Arms  of  the  Koyal  House<  of  Knglsn. 
I84i.    ixo. 


282 


Miteellaneout  Reviews, 


[Sept. 


also  the  royal  ancestress  of  tiie  CoUeys. 
Altogether,  therefore,  the  descent  of  the 
Ihike  of  Wellington  from  the  first  Edward 
is  exhibited  in  /ive  different  lines  ;  and  it 
is  Tery  possible  that  farther  research 
might  trace  it  in  other  ways. 

With  respect  to  the  royal  descent  of  our 
great  Naval  Hero,  Mr.  French  states  that 
it  has  hitherto  been  almost  unknown  ex- 
cept perhaps  in  the  family  of  Sackling 
itself,  from  whom  he  derived  it.  It  is 
traced  in  Mr.  French's  first  table  throogh 
Beanfort,  Spencer,  Carey,  and  Wodehouse; 
in  a  second,  through  Mowbray,  Howard, 
and  Boleyn  to  Carey ;  in  a  third,  through 
Clare,  Audley,  Sufford,  Morley,  Parker, 
and  Shelton  to  Sackling ;  in  a  fourth, 
through  Bohun  and  Bntler  to  Boleyn,  and 
to  as  in  the  second.  Thus  Mr.  French 
has  traced  tiord  NeIson*s  royal  descent  in 
four  different  ways  :  and  possibly  others 
may  still  remain  in  obscurity.  To  the 
third,  that  of  the  Staffords,  Mr.  French 
was  accidentally  led  in  endeavouring  to 
ascertain  whether  the  descent  of  the  late 
Duke  of  WetUngton's  great-grandfather, 
Captain  Edmund  Francis  Stafford,  could 
be  traced  to  the  great  English  house  of 
Stafford.  Mr.  French  quotes  our  Maga- 
sine  for  Deo.  Id27  (but  which  reference  is 
incorrect),  for  a  statement  that  Captain 
Stafford  was  the  son  of  Francis  Stafford, 
of  Portglenone,  "  a  descendant  of  Thomas 
of  Woodstock,  third  son  of  Edward  III.'* 
Mr.  French  has  not  succeeded  in  ascer- 
taining the  truth  of  this  assertion,  but  his 
researches  respecting  it  conduced  to  his 
finding  the  Stafford  descent  of  Lord 
Nelson. 

It  is  remarkable  that  Nelson's  illustri- 
ous descent  is  derived  entirely  from  his 
mother  Catharine  Sackling ;  and  Welling- 
ton's chiefly  from  his  mother  Anne  Hill 
Trevor.  It  was  from  his  mother's  family 
also  that  Nelson  imbibed  his  predilection 
for  the  naval  service  of  his  country,  his 
ptatron  and  example  having  been  his  uncle 
Captain  Maurice  Suckling,  an  officer  dis- 
tinguished by  his  victory  over  a  very 
superior  French  force  on  the2lst  October 
1757,  the  anniversary  of  which  day  was 
well  recollected  by  Lord  Nelson  on  the 
morning  of  the  battle  of  Trafalgar. 

We  have  sometimes  fancied  it  a  matter 
of  some  interest  to  trace  from  what  source 
baptismal  names  prevalent  in  families  have 
heen  originally  derived.  That  of  Maurice 
came  to  the  Sucklings  from  the  Sheltons, 
with  whom  it  was  a  favourite  from  the 
time  of  Henry  Shelton,  "  who  was  a  cap- 
tain in  the  Low  Countries  sixty  years," 
and  who  gave  it  to  his  son  no  doubt  in 
honour  of  his  illustrious  commander  Count 
Maurice  of  Nassau.  Lord  Nelson  had  an 
elder  brother  named  Maurice.     His  own 


name  of  Horatio  came  from  the  Walpolee, 
from  whom  he  was  descended  tfaronfh  hb 
grandmother  Anne,  daughter  of  Sir  Charles 
l\umer  and  Mary  Walpole.  The  Wal- 
poles  derived  it — not  through  consan> 
guinity  but  friendship — from  Horatio  first 
Viscount  Townshend,  after  whom  Sir  Ed- 
ward Walpole,  K.B.  named  his  foarth  son, 
in  the  year  1663.  Lord  Townshend  was 
named  after  his  grandfather  Horatio  Lqnl 
Vere  of  Tilbury,  the  renowned  hero  of  Uie 
Low  Country  wars  ;  but  how  Sir  Horatio 
Vere  came  by  his  name  we  are  at  present 
unable  to  say.  Might  not  the  Walpoles 
have  furnished  Mr.  French  with  further 
royal  descents  for  Nelson  ? 

The  Duke  of  Wellington  derived  his  name 
of  Artiiur  from  his  grandfather  Arthnr  Vis- 
count Dungannon,  in  whose  family  of  the 
Hills^-of  tiie  Downshire  as  well  as  the 
Dungannon  branch — it  has  been  perpe- 
tuate from  the  time  of  Sir  Moyses  Hill, 
ProTost-Marshal  of  Ulster,  who  named  his 
son  Arthur  after  his  superior  officer  Sir 
Arthur  Chichester,  Lord  Deputy  of  Ire. 
land  in  the  reign  of  James  the  First,  and 
whose  descendants  the  Marquess  of  Done- 
gal and  Lord  Templemore  have  still  the 
name  in  their  families:  one  more  link 
would  probably  carry  the  name  to  Arthnr 
Prince  of  Wales,  the  elder  brother  of  King 
Henry  the  Eighth. 

Mr.  French  has  formed  a  volume  from 
his  genealogies  by  weaving  into  a  con- 
nected narrative  notices  of  the  leading 
personages  and  alliances  of  the  scTeral 
families  whose  names  we  have  already  mn 
through;  interspersing  them  with  a  few 
historical  allusions  and  with  many  quota- 
tions of  the  passages  in  which  the  princi- 
pal characters  appear  in  the  dramatic 
histories  of  Shakspere.  In  one  of  these 
instances  he  correctly  points  out  an  error 
which  the  poet  makes  in  reference  to  the 
cognisance  of  the  Kingmaker  Warwick, 
who  in  the  Second  Part  of  King  Henry 
the  Sixth  is  with  his  father  called  by  the 
Duke  of  York  **  my  two  brave  bears," 
and  is  made  to  say — 

Now  by  mj  futher's  badipe,  old  Neville's  crest. 
The  rampant  bear  chain'd  to  the  ragged  staff— 

whereas  this  cognisance  belonged  to  the 
Beauchamps,  the  former  Earls  of  War- 
wick, whose  heiress  the  speaker  had  mar- 
ried; whilst  the  "Nevilles*  cresf*  was  a 
bull's  head,  and  their  badge  a  bull. 

We  are  not  sure,  however,  that  Mr. 
French  has  hit  upon  another  mistake  of 
Shakspere  where  the  Duke  of  Buckingham 
in  the  play  of  Henry  VIII.  says— 

When  I  came  hither  I  was  Lord  High  Constable 
And  Dake  of  Bnckingham,  now  poor   Edward 
Bobon: 


1853.] 


Miscellaneotu  Reviews. 


283 


for,  though  it  is  true  that  the  Dake't  pater- 
Dftl  name  was  Sta£ford,  it  appears  not 
improbable  that  he  may  hate  affected 
the  name  of  Bohan,  not  only  as  one  of 
more  illustrious  import,  from  its  ancient 
connection  with  the  royal  family,  but 
especially  belonging  to  the  Earldoms  of 
Hereford  and  Northampton,  to  which  he 
was  heir  :  and  further  that  the  old  chroni- 
cler, whoever  he  be,  from  whom  Shakspere 
copied  that  expression  of  the  Duke's,  may 
haTe  had  good  contemporary  authority  for 
the  falling  favourite  having  uttered  those 
very  words. 

We  have  been  amused  by  one  other  ob- 
servation of  Mr.  French,  which  if  well- 
founded  is  a  remarkable  instance  of  honours 
assumed  from  unauthorised  tradition.  The 
family  of  Wodehouse,  now  Peers  of  the 
realm,  display  for  the  motto  under  their 
shield  of  arms  the  single  word  aoincgurt. 
Mr.  French  states  that  this  is  "  of  recent 
adoption,"  but  it  is  founded  on  long  tradi- 
tion of  the  family,  recognised  by  Blome- 
field  the  county  historian  of  Norfolk,  and 
long  before  by  the  poet  Drayton.  It  now 
appears  that  there  is  **  no  mention  of  the 
name  of  Wodehouse  in  the  rolls  of  Agin- 
conrt  :'*  but  it  i.s  true  that  John  Wode- 
house was  an  esquire  of  the  body  to  King 
Henry  the  Sixth,  and  it  seems  that  he 
was  in  commission  to  guard  the  counties 
of  Norfolk  and  Suffolk  during  the  very 
time  when  the  field  of  Agincourt  was 
fought.  So  that  the  derivation  of  this 
motto  is  very  much  after  the  approved 
prototype  of  iucus  a  non  iucendo. 

The  only  further  remark  we  have  to 
make  upon  Mr.  French^n  pages  is  sug- 
gested by  this  passage, — "  The  husband 
of  Margaret  Plantagenet,  Sir  Richard 
Pole,  is  described  as  of  a  good  Welsh 
family.' '  It  has  been  shown  by  Sir  Thomas 
Wriotbesley's  pedigrees  of  noble  families 
related  to  the  Blood  Royal  (Collectanea 
Topogr.  et  Geneal.  vol.  i.  p.  310),  that  Sir 
Richard  Pole  was  the  son  of  "  Geoffrey 
Pole  of  Bucking hanuhire,^'  by  Edith  Saint 
John,  a  half-sister  of  Margaret  Countess  of 
Richmond  and  Derby,  the  mother  of  King 
Henry  the  Seventh  ;  and  it  is  remarked  by 
Sir  Harris  Nicolas  (ibid.  pp.  295,  310), 
that  Sir  Richard  Pole  appears  to  have  had 
no  armorial  coat,  until  he  assumed  one 
founded  upon  that  of  the  Nevilles  in  con- 
sequence of  his  marriage  with  the  Lady 
Margaret.  We  conclude  therefore,  that 
there  are  no  grounds  for  accepting  the 
assertion  that  he  was  of  *'  a  good  Welsh 
family.^' 

KthitUavantdvalicharitam :  a  Chronicle 
of  the  family  of  R&ja  Krithnachandra  of 
Navadwipa,  Bengal,  Edited  and  tram- 
lated  by  W.  Pertsch.   Berlin,  1853.--This 


is  a  chronicle  of  the  ancestors  of  the 
famous  Raja  of  Nuddea,  in  Bengal,  who 
was  a  liberal  patron  of  literature  durii^ 
the  greater  part  of  the  last  century.  It  is 
written  in  Sanscrit,  and  from  internal  evi- 
dence Mr.  Pertsch  concludes  that  it  was 
composed  about  1790;  about  which  time 
the  Bengdli  chronicle  of  the  same  family 
was  written,  which  was  published  in  Lon- 
don, 1811. 

These  family  chronicles  (like  the  old 
Spanish  histories)  begin  from  the  mythic 
ages,  and  work  their  way  downwards, 
growing  clearer  and  more  authentic  as 
they  approach  modem  times;  and  here 
they  are  often  of  considerable  interest, 
from  the  curious  light  which  they  throw 
upon  the  manners  of  the  age,  and  espe- 
cially the  relations  existing  between  the 
Hindu  rajas  and  the  Mohammedan  vice- 
roys. 

During  the  course  of  the  work  we  have 
several  glimpses  of  the  English,  as  the 
ddAthindlgamlechchhdh,  or  southern  fo- 
reigners ;  thus,  in  p.  46,  we  find  Aurung- 
zebe,  the  Sultan  of  Delhi,  at  war  with 
them ;  and  in  p.  50  we  have  the  follow- 
ing :— 

"  Rdmakrishna  lived  also  in  friendship 
with  Vada  S&heb,  who  at  that  time  was 
governor  of  the  southern  foreigners  in 
Calcutta ;  the  latter  therefore  showed  con- 
tinual friendship  to  him,  and  placed  a  guard 
of  2500  so  called  ''soldiers"  (chhold&ra) 
who  were  skilled  in  the  use  of  all  kinds 
of  weapons  and  missiles  in  Krishnagur  to 
execute  the  plans  of  Ramakrishna."" 

Ramakrishna,  it  appears,  became  IU^a 
in  1704,  and  died  in  1715,  ten  years  bo- 
fore  Clive  was  bom,  so  that  we  cannot 
identify  Vada  Saheb  (Mr.  Pertsch  pro- 
poses "Ward"?);  but  the  notice  and 
the  mention  of  our  word  **  soldiers " 
are  interesting. 

Mr.  Pertsch  has  edited  the  Sanscrit  text 
from  two  MSS.  in  the  Berlin  library,  and 
has  given  a  very  creditable  English  transla- 
tion, with  a  useful  biographical  and  geo- 
graphical index.  He  has  chosen  English 
instead  of  German,  because,  as  he  tells  us 
in  his  preface,  *'  he  hopes  that  his  little 
book  may  be  of  some  interest  for  India 
itself,  where  a  German  translation  and 
other  additions  in  German  would  be  less 
likely  to  be  understood  even  than  the 
"original."  He  has  executed  his  task  very 
well;  and  though  his  language  may  be 
occasionally  somewhat  stiff,  it  is  always 
clear  and  faithful  to  the  text. 


Oh  the  Archaic  Mode  of  EMfrenkng 
Numbert  in  Englith,  Sa^ron,  jFVt«sie,  8fe, 
being  an  Ettay  towards  the  settling  of  the 
cane  Grimm  v.  Selft  Vernon,  Kemble,  and 
others.    By  E.  Thomson,  esq.  author  qf 


284 


MueelianeouM  Reviews. 


[Sept. 


Gertnan  ■  Kngliih  Anaiogutt  Sfc.  %vo,  pp. 
16.— Our  English  tDceston  had  two  Tery 
corious  and  conciae  modes  of  expressing 
nnmbers,  both  of  which  have  been  varioualj 
and  often  erroneously  interpreted  in  modern 
times. 

One  of  them  consisted  in  the  nae  of  an 
ordinal  number ,  followed  by  **  bealf ;"  the 
other  of  a  cardinal  number,  followed  by 
"  sum."  The  phrase  the>|^/«  hem(f  hum- 
dred — "  the  fifth  half  hundred/'  was  em- 
ployed— not  for  250  by  reckoning  two 
hundreds  as  four  halres  ;  nor,  still  less,  as 
was  once  supposed,  **  fifty  (being)  half  a 
hundred  ;"  but  450,  reckoning/oicr  wkoie 
hundreds  and  the /yfth  ha\f.  In  the  same 
way  "  the  19tb  half  year  "  was  equiralent 
to  the  first  half  of  the  nineteenth  year, 
and  the  eleventh  half  pound  to  10/.  10«. 

The  other  mode  of  reckoning  is  that 
which  is  more  immediately  the  subject  of 
the  present  tractate.  To  detail  idl  the 
arguments  of  the  ingenious  writer  would 
be  to  transfer  the  whole  bodily  into  our 
pages.  We  shall  content  ourselves  with 
saying  that  he  triumphantly  refutes  an 
error  which  had  eluded  the  penetration  of 
scholars  no  less  acute  than  Grimm  and 
Rask,  whilst  our  English  scholars,  Kemble 
and  Vernon,  though  viewing  the  idiom 
more  justly,  have  erred  in  its  exact  inter- 
pretation by  adding  a  unit  beyond  the  de- 
signed number.  Of  the  various  examples 
which  Mr.  Thomson  gives,  we  shall  select 
one  which  will  be  sufficient  to  explain  the 
merits  of  the  question.  The  sum-total  of 
Israel  and  his  lineal  descendants  at  their 
arrival  in  Egypt  is  thus  stated, — Jacob 
ferde  hundteofontigra  sum  on  Egipta  land 
(Geo.  xlvi.  27),  which  Rask  and  Thorpe 
translated,  '*  Jacob  went  into  the  land  of 
E^ypt  with  about  tevenig  men."'  But  (re- 
marks Mr.  Thomson)  if  we  believe  Moses, 
they  were  not  about,  but  exactly,  seventy, 
named  and  numbered,  sons,  grandsons, 
great-grandsons,  one  daughter,  and  one 
grand-daughter,  and  the  venerable  patri- 
arch added  at  the  close.  The  proper  mode 
of  translating  the  passage  is  "  one  qf 
seventy;''  and  so  twelfa  turn  "  one  of 
twelve,"  andj^ynatum  "  one  of  fifteen," 
but  not  "one  of  thirteen*'  or  '*one  of 
sixteen,"  as  imagined  by  Mr.  Kemble  and 
Mr.  Vernon  in  certain  instances  which 
Mr.  Thomson  points  out.  There  have  still 
been  places  where  the  correct  interpreta- 
tion has  heretofore  prevailed,  as  where 
Othere  says  (in  the  Orosius  of  Alfred)  that 
*'  sixa  sum"  he  slew  the  whales,  the  cor- 
rect sf  nse  '*  one  of  six — apparently  the 
complement  of  a  whaling-boat,  four  rowers, 
the  steersman,  and  the  harpooner, — is  the 
sense  preserved  by  Sir  John  Spelman, 
by  Hakluyt,  and  by  the  late  Dr.  Ingram. 

It   is  fully   shown,  however,  that  this 


essay  famishes  the  correctioD  of  a  very 
prevalent  error  in  our  Anglo-Saxon  tnoM- 
lations  and  grammars ;  and  Mr.  TTiosaaon 
deserves  the  thanks  of  every  aoevrate 
scholar  for  having  first  arrested  the  cnl- 
prit,  then  tried  and  convicted,  and  finally 
gibbeted,  decapitated,  quartered,  and  dis- 
■ected  him  in  so  masteny  a  manner. 

TkeDieiiomttrgofiheFtrm.  Bifik§hU 
Rtv.  W.  L.  Rham.  Revised  by  Vf.  wU 
H.  Raynbird.  P^et  %90,  pp.  xiL  496.— 
We  are  genealogists,  and  like  to  trace 
up  books,  as  well  as  peraons,  to  their  an- 
cestors ;  and  it  would  be  a  denial  of 
literary  justice  to  the  memory  of  the  late 
Sir  John  Sinclair,  not  to  attributo  tliii 
volume,  remotely  at  least,  to  him.  He 
was  the  first  to  break  up  the  Eneydo* 
p«dic  system,  and  divide  it  into  branchea 
like  this.  Before  his  time,  or  daring  the 
last  century,  as  Lacretelle  remarks,  *'  On 
appela  p^dans  ceux  qui  conaacraient  lean 
travaux  ii  une  seule  6tude  ;  ceux  qui  lea 
embrassaient  toutes  ne  fdrent  pas  accne^i 
de  pr^umption.**  (Hist,  de  Fraaoey 
iii.  91.)  But  by  a  happy  idea  of  Sir 
John's  the  Codean  system  was  intro- 
duced, which  proposed  to  snbstitate  fbr 
universal  encydopsedias  a  seriea  of  codes, 
each  to  serve  as  "  a  complete  coeapen- 
dinm  of  the  leading  facts  and  pruiei- 
ples  included  in  some  one  department  of 
human  knowledge."  Of  these  he  com- 
pleted only  two,  via.  Health  and  Agiieal- 
ture  ;  but  the  example  was  set.  And 
accordingly  Mr.  Mill  remarks,  in  the 
Preface  to  his  History  of  India,  that  "  it 
is  only  by  combining  the  observations  of 
a  number  of  individuals  (or  in  otiier 
words,  forming  codes  regar^ng  each  im- 
portant branch  of  science),  that  a  compe- 
tent knowledge  of  any  extensive  subject 
can  be  acquired."  (See  Life  of  Sir  J<^ 
Sinclair  by  his  Son,  vol.ii.  chap.  3.) 

The  result  is,  that  almost  every  scienoe 
has  its  cyclopaedia,  either  in  the  form  of 
a  treatise,  or  of  a  dictionary.  We  maj 
refer,  in  illustration,  to  Messrs.  Long* 
man's  **  Prospectus  of  a  Series  of  Encj- 
clopsedias  and  Dictionaries,**  as  well  m 
the  catalogues  of  other  publishers,  or  spe- 
cifically to  the  names  of  Brande,  Cop- 
land, Elmes,  Gwilt,  London,  M*CuIkMa, 
Hugh  Murray,  Porter,  Ure,  &c.  The 
*'  Dictionary  of  the  Farm"  is  both  a  tea- 
timony  to  the  utility  of  the  system,  and  a 
respectable  addition  to  the  number  of 
works  it  has  produced.  A  memoir  of  the 
author  is  given,  but,  as  his  life  was  not 
eventful,  his  principal  claim  to  celebrity 
was  the  foundation  of  the  Agricultoral 
School  at  Winkfield,  Berks,  of  which  pa- 
rish he  was  incumbent.  As  a  scientttc 
agriculturist  he  enjoyed  considerable  re- 


1853,  J 

pautioa  <m  ilie  vonliiieut.  Tbia  new 
edition  ii  soperintended  hj  Ihe  anthors  of 
■■  The  AgriculCare  of  Suffolk.-'  Somci 
v(ic]Bs  □□   tlie  canntics  at  England  and 

■light  to  angnrrr  snf  materUI  purpaae ; 
neTcrlheleu,  we  r^ret  the  supprenion. 
But  so  Appendii  of  new  irticlea,  on 
Gamo,  &G.  is  subititaUd  ;  uae  of  which, 
fii.  "  Vennin,''  ia  a  veiy  deiirabte  addi- 

The  Brticli  on  Wfidi  ia  one  of  the 
fnlleit.  It  confirms  ■  l««on  we  once  re- 
cd*ed  ia  Mr.  Rham's  neighbourhood, 
that  bocing  weedt  ia  only  iran^planting. 
In  tbac  localilT  the  noxious  need  dock 
ii  deaenedlj  called  (As  Jarmtri'  enmy. 
ir  Dr.  Richnrdson.  of  Ctonfeiicle,  (be  ad- 
TDcati  of  Pioria  Grass,  were  now  liring, 
he  would  be  chagrined  at  finding  his  fa- 
Toarile  included  in  thai  article.  There 
wat  formerljr  a  caricature  of  him  in  Dnh- 
lin,  in  wbich  he  teas  represented,  as  turn- 
ing up  aome  boggy  herbage  in  bad  wea- 
ther with  one  hand,  and  holding  an 
umbrella  over  1>b  head  with  the  oCber. 
It    was  entitled    "  Making  haj  when  the 


Ittiteellantiiju  Revieivi. 


285 


cretion  he  migbi  be  obliged  ii 
we  cannot  doubt  that  "  Tbe  DicHoiiarr  of 
the  Farm"  would  accMfj  a  place.  To 
man;  persons  this  camprehenilie  Tolunie 
will  prote  eitremelf  useful ;  and,  indeed, 
every  one  who  "  o'er  hstf  an  acre  reigns," 
17  learn  something  from  i 


We. 


t   shin. 


The  c 


■■once  so  higtilj  priicJ"  [p- ■*'-'). '*  ■''* 
Piorin's  epiloph,  hut  nilbout  the  usual 
rtpiieieat  in  paee,  fur  it  is  describnl  aaa 
petit  and  its  extirpation  ia  recommended-* 

The  mention  of  Winklield  reminds  us 
t!at  it  is  neat  Windsor,  where  onr  late 
teiered  sofereign  George  III.  bad  a  farm 
of  hii  own,  which  he  carefully  superin- 
tmded.  His  Majesty  was  also  a  con- 
iribntor  In  Arthur  Young's  Annals  of 
Agriculture,  under  the  rustic  signature  of 
"  Ralph  Rohinion,  Parmer  at  Windsor." 

So  many  works  on  Ihii  subject  hate 
bnn  published  of  laCe  yean,  that  such  a 
catalogue  as  the  "  fiibliographie  Agrouo- 
miqae"  of  M.  Demusset  {Caria  1810)  ia 
much  wanted  :  for  tbe  want  is  rather  sti- 
mulated than  supplied  by  tbe  notices  in 
Loudon's  "  Encycloptedia  of  Agricul- 
ture.'' M.  Demusset  saja  of  agricultural 
works,  "  1!  fant  conclnra,  que  depuia 
rannCe  1800  jnsq'an  1810,  on  a  public 
snr  I'^onomie  rurate  et  domestique  au 
notna  un  ourrage  par  nioia."  Since  that 
time  the  number  has  vastly  iacrcoaed,  not 
only  through  the  ambition  of  BulbDrahip, 
and  Che  speculation  of  publishers,  but  also 
owing  la  the  laudable  eiertians  of  the 
(now  abolished)  Board  of  Agriculture, 
and  fUccessiTe  scientific  discoTerica.  The 
compiler  of  such  a  catalogue  would  there- 
fore have  the  doable  la«k  of  collection  and 
selection  to  perform.     But,  wholerer  dli- 

Tbere  is  a  short  notice  of  Dr.  Rich- 
ardson in  Gent,  Mog.  July  1820  (the 
year  of  his  death),  p.  BH. 


t  repeating  (he  warning  conreycd 
in  one  of  "The  Miseries  of  Human  Life," 
in  Mr.  Beresford's  witty  and  obserrant 
work.  "  Finding  tlie  practice  of  blending 
the  farmer  with  the  gentleman  perfectly 
compatible  with  (ojii,  but  not  with  ffain/' 
The  lale  Sydney  Smith  said,  that  eisiy- 
body  thought  himself  able  to  manage  ■ 
small  fiirmi  and  the  facility  with  which  k  ■ 
general  idea  of  the  pursuit  can  bo  ao*  J 
quired  from  the  "  DictiDnary,"  may  bS  I 
the  cause  of  dear-bought  eiperience  ts 
sanguine  and  adventurous  readeri.  If 
they  feel  any  ineh  inclination,  let  them 
well  consider  Esop's  Fable  of  "The 
Shepherd  turned  Merchant"  (Croxall'i 
Colleolion,  No.  187)  ;  it  may  perbapa 
prevent  some  merchants  from  turning 
ahepberds.  If  however  the  Dictionary 
produces  a  well-regulated  tai[e  foi  rural 
pursuits,  it  will  indirectly  confer  health 
and  serenity  upon  its  readers.  Vegedui 
(b.  i.  c,  3)  discusses  the  question  whether 
recruits  from  country  or  town  are  beat, 
and  decides  for  the  Former;  and,  though 
we  do  not  quale  this  as  a  poaitive  argu* 
ment  for  rural  pursuits,  it  helps  to  cont- 
mend  them,  by  showing  their  salutary  Bti- 


I  year  of  h 

m. 


Handtoai  for  'lYarelleri  in  Seylhtrn 
Italy  1  being  a  Guide  fur  the  Conlintntal 
parliQH  if  tkt  Kingdom  of  the  Tuv  Sict- 
liet.  inetuding  the  City  of  Neplet  md  it* 
Suburbi,  Pe-mptii,  Hercvlaneam,  S(c.  Bf 
Octaiian  Blewitt.  lima.  {Murray. y— 
A  new  Hatidbook  provided  by  Mr.  Mur- 
ray is  sure  to  find  a  general  welcome,  and 
the  confidence  which  ia  reposed  in  hi* 
well-known  name  will  be  Klrengthened 
■ud  confirmed  by  that  of  tbe  Editor  em- 
ployed on  the  present  occision.  In  Mr. 
Blewitt  we  rely  as  a  model  of  care  and  accu- 
racy :  and  of  Che  labour  which  has  attended 
the  task  before  us  nc  have  a  modest  inti- 
mation when  wc  are  told  that  it  is  ths 
result  of  not  only  three  personal  li«Ca  to 
Naples,  but  of  the  consultation  of  ao  mmy 
books  that  their  mere  enumeration  would 
have  farmed  no  mean  contribnCion  to 
Italian  bibliography.  Embracing  a  portioii 
of  the  globe  so  profomidly  interesting  froni 
its  buried  relics  of  the  earlieat  daya  of 
civilliation,  which  are  revealed  to  the 
visitor  after  the  long  sleep  of 
and  BO  richly  stored  with  the  tr 
modem  art,  at  well  as  the  perennial  bean- 


I 


m 


286 


Miicellaneous  Heviews, 


[Sept. 


ties  of  nature,  this  Manual  is  one  of  those 
Tery  few  books  which  are  certain  not  only 
of  present  soccess,  but  of  a  prolonged 
popularity. 

Thi  Marine  Botanitt,  an  Introduction 
to  thi  study  o/Britith  Sea-Weeds ;  con- 
taining descriptions  of  all  the  Species, 
mid  the  best  method  of  preserving  them. 
By  Isabella  Gi£ford.  Third  Edition,  greatfy 
improved  and  enlarged.  \2mo, — This  is 
just  the  kind  of  book  which  will  be  accept- 
able to  those  loiterers  on  the  sea-beach 
who  delight  to  combine  some  Interesting 
exercise  for  their  minds  with  a  healthful 
recreation  of  the  body.  It  is  a  manual 
which  describes  fully  the  common  sea- 
weeds, notices  concisely  the  distinguishing 
features  of  the  rarer  kinds,  and  is  illustrated 
with  plates  of  thirty  varieties,  six  of  which 
are  beautifully  printed  in  oil-colours.  The 
arrangement  and  nomenclature  follow 
those  of  Dr.  Harvey*s  Manual  of  British 
Algse ;  and  the  Introduction  contains  a 
Tery  interesting  review  of  the  general  cha- 
racter of  the  vegetable  products  of  the 
ocean,  and  of  the  uses  to  which  they  are 
applied  in  various  parts  of  the  world. 

T%e  Stranger* s  Guide  to  FramliHgham, 
its  Church  and  Castle,  By  R.  Green, 
13mo. — Framlingham  Castle,  the  princely 
residence  of  the  Dukes  of  Norfolk,  is  a 
structure  still  magnificent  in  its  ruins,  and 
an  object  of  great  interest,  though  its 
situation  is  somewhat  remote  from  great 
towns,and  consequently  unfrequented.  The 
church,  which  was  the  mausoleum  of  ^e 
early  Howards  Dukes  of  Norfolk,  is  re- 
markable for  their  sepulchral  effigies,  in- 
cluding that  of  the  poet  Surrey.  Mr. 
Green,  who  has  been  long  resident  on  the 
spot,  is  a  trustworthy  guide  so  far  as  local 
knowledge  is  concerned,  and  his  present 
performance  has  been  evidently  prepared 
with  pains.  We  wish  we  could  say  more 
in  favour  of  his  literary  skill,  but,  as  he 
admits  of  the  town  itself  (p.  71),  it  cer- 
tainly cannot  be  "  ranked  as  A  1."  How- 
ever, we  do  not  doubt  that  the  stranger  will 
make  every  due  allowance  for  the  present 
circumstances  of  Framlingham,  and  thank- 
fully accept  what  is  so  well  intended  for 
his  gratification. 

Annuals  and  Perennials,  or  Seed-time 
and  Harvest.  By  Catherine  M.  Waring. 
— The  writer  of  these  poems,  which  are 
certainly  above  mediocrity,  tells  us  that 
^ey  were  composed  one  on  each  Sunday 
for  her  own  children.  They  were  com- 
menced on  Quinquagesima  Sunday,  1849, 
and  served  the  purpose  of  embodying  and 
perpetuating  for  her  family  the  thoughts 
and  feelings  appropriate  to  the  Chorch's 


seaiont.  From  the  Collaett,  espedallj, 
"  Annual  in  their  use — Perennial  in  their 
antiquity,''  was  her  subject  principaUy  de- 
rived. The  "Christian  year"  hai  too 
completely  taken  its  place  in  the  Church- 
man's  heart  and  home  not  to  cast  a  dia- 
advantage  over  every  new  attempt;  yet, 
as  the  subjects  chosen  in  that  exquisite 
manual  and  suggester  of  devout  thoughts 
are  varied  by  the  use  of  the  Lesaoof , 
Psalms,  or  whatever  might  in  the  author's 
view  prove  most  effective,  and  as  thej 
often  omit  the  Collects  altogether,  there 
is  good  room  for  another,  and  even  ano- 
ther, poetical  version  of  the  rich  material 
furnished  by  the  Prayer  Book. 

We  do  not  say  that  Mrs.  Waring's 
poetry  is  of  a  very  powerful  order,  but  it 
is  harmonious,  pleasing,  and  indicative  of 
a  feeling  heart.  We  take,  at  random,  the 
following  specimen : — 

FoumTH  SriTDAT  Arm  Ejjna. 

Undumgeabknets. 

Thou  changest  not !  the  weary  wings  of  time 
That,  rolling,  bring  but  grief  or  troubled  bliss 
To  mortala,  measuring  in  sin  their  days. 
Pass  oo,  bat  alter  not  thy  blessedness. 
Which  was,  and  is,  and  is  to  come  the  i 
Sundry  and  manifold  the  changes  are 
That  blend  the  rainbow  of  our  destinies. 
And  Thou  alone  canst  rule  them :  Thou 
Hie  human  will  and  its  affections  bind 
To  things  Thou  promiaest  and  dost  command ; 
So  fix  our  wayward  hearts.  Almighty  God  I 
That  we,  thy  flock,  obedient  to  thy  sway, 
Jfay  here,  on  earth,  thy  purposes  fUfll, 
And  on  true  Joys  our  deep  affoctions  set ; 
Those  joys  which,  perfected  at  thy  right  hand. 
Centre  in  Christ,  who  won  them  by  his  blood. 
For  all  whose  chasten 'd  hearts  <nk  ffim  repose. 


Selections  from  the  Speeches 
H'ritings  qf  Bdmund  Burke.  BdUed  fy 
the  Rev,  R.  Montgomery,  M,A. — A  well- 
timed  and  well-edited  little  volume.  Few 
people  have  the  opportunity,  some  have 
not  the  time,  a  few  perhaps  would  not 
have  the  patience,  to  go  through  the  entire 
of  the  spoken  and  written  works  of  Ed- 
mund Burke.  To  all  such,  and  they  form 
no  indifferent  portion  of  the  puhlie,  Mr. 
Montgomery's  little  volume  will  be  highly 
acceptable,  containing,  as  it  does,  some  of 
the  most  magnificent  thoughts  to  which 
life  has  been  given  by  as  magnificent  ex- 
pression .  1 1  is  a  book  of  which  the  stndsnt 
should  read  but  little  at  a  time,  but  over 
that  little  meditate  much. 


Egypt.  By  J.  D,  Pigott.  Fop,  8vo. 
pp.  112. — The  author  h^s  evidently  studied 
the  subject  of  *' Egypt,"  and  has  caught 
some  poetical  ideas  from  it ;  but  he  seems 
to  have  mistaken  harshness  of  language 
and  exuberance  of  metre  for  strength.   We 


1858.] 


Antiquarian  Researches* 


287 


wottld  remind  him  that  Pegasus,  like  the 
borset  of  Lysippus  ia  Mr.  McDoaneU's 
Oxfbrd  Prise  Poem,  is 
"  Boldly  correct  and  temperately  free/* 

Bmmarkable  Bgeapet/rom  Peril,  1 8mo. 
jqi.  192.  (7^  MontMff  Fb/tim«.)~MaDy 
inch  narratiTes  are  to  be  found  in  "  Won- 
derfol  Magaxinea ''  and  other  publications 
of  the  same  kind;  but  we  do  not  remem- 
ber any  former  attempt  lo  bring  them,  as 
a  class,  within  the  compass  of  a  volume. 
It  mi^t,  no  doubt,  have  been  enlarged, 
but,  as  one  of  a  series,  its  limits  were  pro- 
bably prescribed.  The  idea  is  a  happy 
one,  and  the  materials  are  chosen  from  a 
great  variety  of  sources. 

Switzerland,  Historical  and  Detcrip- 
tie;  pp,  192.  (Monthly  Fb/vme.)— Al- 
though the  writer  has  given  an  undue 
prominence  to  some  tdpics,  which  might 
have  been  assigned  to  tbe  notes  instead 
of  the  text,  a  good  deal  of  information  is 
condensed  in  this  volume.     The  story  of 


William  Tell  is  discussed  in  chap.  3,  and 
the  writer  is  unwilling  to  part  with  it, 
though  its  claim  on  the  historian  has  be- 
come weakened  of  late.  At  p.  162,  De 
Witte  should  be  De  Wette.  At  p.  127 
the  lakes  are  described  very  gr  ij/aically. 


The  Hour  of  the  Redeemer.  By  Mor« 
timer  O' Sullivan,  D.D,  8wo.  pp,  135. — 
This  volume  comprises  the  "  Donnellan 
Lectures,"*  delivered  in  the  chapel  of 
Trinity  College,  Dublin,  for  1851,  in  a 
series  of  discourses  on  the  First  Advent. 
In  the  last  the  Author  observes,  on  G^al. 
iii.  20,  that  an  advocate  is  *'  of  one,''  for 
he  is  the  adversary  of  the  other  party ;  bat 
'  *  he  only  is  a  Mediator  who  exercises  the 
same  office  towards  each  of  the  two  par- 
ties, representing  to  each,  and  advocating 
with  each,  the  claims  of  the  other.**  (p.  120.) 
Dr.  O' Sullivan  is  eminently  known  as  a 
controversialist,  but  these  Lectures  demon- 
strate that  his  reputation  does  not  depend 
on  controversy. 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


TBB  AJlCHiKOLOGlCAL  INSTITUTE  AT 
CHICHSSTER. 

{Continued  from  p.  187.) 

Monday,  July  18.  On  the  resumption 
of  business  this  morning  at  Chichester, 
the  members  were  divided  into  two  Sec- 
tions, for  the  reading  of  papers.  In  the 
Historical  Section  the  papers  were — 

1.  On  the  History  and  Antiquities  of 
Seaford,  by  M.  A.  Lower,  esq.  F.S.A. 
Though  the  neighbourhood  of  the  town 
abounds  with  traces  of  Roman  occupation, 
the  name  of  Seaford  or  Sefford  does  not 
appear  in  history  until  the  time  of  Edward 
the  Confessor,  when  the  relics  of  a  local 
virgin  and  martyr,  St.  Lewinna,  after 
having  been  stolen  by  a  pious  Flemish 
monk  from  a  neighbouring  monastery, 
were  shipped  at  this  place  for  Bei^ue  St. 
Winoz.  The  story  is  related  at  large  in 
the  Acta  Sanctorum,  Jul.  25.  Seaford 
was  a  member  of  the  Cinque  ports  in  the 
13th  century,  and  sent  two  representatives 
to  parliament  from  the  time  of  Edw.  I. ; 
but  did  not  obtain  its  charter  of  incorpo- 
ration until  temp.  Hen.  VIII.  Though 
in  size  a  mere  village  of  1000  inhabitants, 
it  still  retains  its  ancient  municipal  rights, 
and  is  governed  by  a  bailiff  and  jnrats.  It 
was  deprived  of  electoral  privileges  by  the 
Reform  Act.  Seaford  suffered  much  from 
ftre  and  from  the  attacks  of  the  French. 
In  30  Edw.  III.  it  was  reduced  to  such  a 


state  of  adversity  that  the  few  townsmen 
who  had  survived  the  ravages  of  fire,  pes- 
tilence, and  war,  made  complaint  to  the 
king  that  one  James  Archer  did  daily  pull 
down  houses  and  carry  away  the  materials 
from  the  said  town,  to  its  and  their  great 
detriment,  whereupon  the  king  issued  his 
precept  for  the  discontinuance  of  such  de- 
struction. The  last  attack  of  the  French 
took  place  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII., 
when  Sir  Nicholas  Pelham,  assisted  by  his 
tenantry  and  neighbours,  repulsed  the  ene- 
my. Tliis  event  is  alluded  to  in  the  well- 
known  epitaph  upon  Sir  Nicholas  at  St. 
Michael's  Church,  Lewes  : — 

What  time  tlie  French  sought  to  have  MM^k'd  9ea- 

foord, 
Thin  Pelham  did  rc-pel  'em  back  aboord  I 

The  final  cause  of  Seaford's  decline  was 
the  removal  of  its  port.  By  one  of  those 
geological  changes  so  usual  on  the  southern 
coast,  the  embouchure  of  the  river  Ouse 
was  gradually  driven  more  westward,  until 
what  is  now  called  New-haven  harbour 
was  formed.  Seaford  contains  some  inte- 
resting antiquities,  as  the  remains  of  a  good 
Norman  church,  traces  of  several  other 
churches  and  chapels,  and  a  very  fine  crypt 
recently  brought  to  light.     The  town  re- 


*  The  celebrated  Lectures  on  the  Pen- 
tateucii,  by  Dean  Graves,  originated  with 
this  endowment. 


286 


Antiguarian  Researches. 


[Sept. 


oords  oontiin  some  amosing  entries,  and 
the  original  charter  of  1544  is  in  a  well- 
preserved  state. 

S.  Notices  of  Robertsbridge  Abbey, 
and  of  certain  interesting  Charters  relating 
thereto  in  the  British  Maseum,  by  the 
Her.  Edmund  Venables. 

3.  On  a  cast  from  a  Window  of  brick- 
work in  Laughton  tower,  ornamented  with 
the  Pelham  Buckle,  by  W.  H.  Blaauw, 
esq.  F.S.A. 

4.  On  the  history  of  Hayling  Island, 
by  the  Rev.  C.  Hardy,  Vicar  of  Hayling. 

In  the  Section  of  AntiquUiet  the  papers 
read  were — 

1.  On  a  survey  of  the  Maiden  Way 
from  Amboglanna,  the  Birdoswald  station 
on  the  Roman  Wall,  northwards  into  Scot- 
land; with  a  short  description  of  some 
objects  in  the  district ;  by  the  Rev.  John 
Manghan. 

2.  On  some  of  the  relations  of  Archaeo- 
logy to  Physical  Geography  in  the  North 
of  England,  by  John  Phillips,  esq.  F.R.S. 

3.  On  the  Monastery  of  Bosham  from 
the  time  of  Wilfrid,  a.d.  680,  to  the 
foundation  of  the  College  by  Warlewast 
Bishop  of  Exeter,  a.d.  1120,  by  the  Rev. 
H.  Mitchell,  Vicar  of  Bosham. 

In  the  afternoon  a  party  visited  the 
castle  and  church  of  Arundel. 

Immediately  after  the  afternoon  service 
Mr.  Edward  Richardson  accompanied  a 
party  over  Chichester  csthedral,  to  view  the 
most  interesting  early  monuments  and  ex- 
amine their  chief  points  of  interest.  They 
may  be  classed  chronologically  as  follows : 

1st  Two  Norman  panelled  reliefs  in  Caen 
itone  ;  one  representing  the  sisters  Mary 
and  Martha  supplicating  the  Saviour ; 
the  other,  the  Raising  of  Lazarus.  These 
yery  early  and  unique  sculptures  were 
removed  from  the  piers  of  the  central 
tower  in  the  choir,  in  1899,  having  been 
hidden  for  centuries  by  the  wood-work  of 
the  stalls.  The  eyes  have  been  drilled  to 
receive  glass  beads,  or  pitch.  The  stones 
appear  to  have  been  broken  by  their  re  • 
moval,  and  some  of  the  pieces  misplaced 
in  refixing. 

2.  Three  Norman  coped  stones  of  Pur- 
beck,  the  earliest  having  an  inscription  in 
distinct  Norman  characters — *'  radulpus 
BPC  **— shewing  them  to  have  been  raised 
to  bishop  Ralph,  and  his  immediate  suc- 
cessors. On  the  upper  part  of  these  stones 
is  cut  on  a  flat  panel  a  pastoral  staff,  a 
low  pointed  mitre,  and  other  details  much 
worn.  In  the  two  latter  a  hand  appears. 
There  is  a  fourth  stone  of  similar  form, 
with  the  upper  surface  quite  gone,  placed 
in  a  later  recessed  tomb  in  the  western 
porch  ;  and  numerous  are  the  more  simple 
stones  of  the  same  date  on  the  pavement 
of  the  cloisters,  and  in  the  cathedral. 
9 


3.  A  Pnrbeck  slab,  on  which  if  a  raited 
Norman-shaped  shield,  and  deeply  cat 
within  it  is  a  banded  trefoil,  from  whence 
issue  two  hands  holding  a  heart.  The 
words  MAUD  DK  alouc  remain ;  bat  we 
learn  from  Dallaway's  History  that  it 
formerly  ran  ici.  gist.  lb.  cotbr  maud 
DB  .  .  .  The  elegance  of  the  atone, 
and  its  site,  if  original  (for  unfortunate 
removals  are  too  frequent),  would  stamp  it 
as  having  covered  the  heart  of  no  common 
person. 

4.  The  recumbent  eflSgy  and  table-tomb 
of  the  so-called  Lady  Abbess,  of  Caen 
stone,  but  rather  that  of  an  illuatrioiu 
lady,  possibly  the  Countess  of  Arundel 
who  was  the  patron  of  St.  Richard.  The 
date  (1270)  accords  with  the  tranalatioD. 
It  is  exquisitely  sculptured.  The  eiBgy  in 
wimple,  gown,  and  mantel ;  angels  are  at 
the  head  and  two  spaniels  at  the  feet.  The 
tomb  is  equally  well  devised  and  acnlp- 
tured.  Flaxman  greatly  admired  it.  This 
monument  has  just  been  moulded  for  the 
Architectural  Museum,  and  the  Crystal 
Palace,  as  have  the  two  Norman  scnlptnrea 
first  named. 

5.  The  grand  effigy  and  recessed  cano- 
pied tomb  under  the  great  south  window,  of 
Caen  stone,  is  next  in  date,  about  1340,  to 
Bishop  Langton,  who  erected  the  window, 
and  lies  beneath  it  vested  in  the  full  epis- 
copal robes,  with  angel  supporters  and 
a  lamb  or  other  cloven-fboted  animal  at 
the  feet.  There  is  a  grandeur  and  ele- 
gance about  this  tomb  rarely  sorpaased. 
In  the  panelling  of  the  table  are  mitres  and 
bats*  heads. 

6.  The  tomb  attributed  to  St.  Richard  of 
Chichester  follows  in  point  of  time.  It  is 
placed  under  a  screen  of  three  compart- 
ments, and  consists  of  an  effigy  elevatCNl 
on  a  rich  panelled  table-tomb  containing 
statuettes.  This  tomb  was  restored  bj 
Mr.  Richardson  a  few  years  since,  as  des- 
cribed in  our  Msgaxine  for  March,  1847, 
where  an  etching  of  it  was  given ;  the 
canopied  screen  is  represented  in  DaUa- 
way^s  City  of  Chichester,  p.  46. 

The  attribution  of  this  monument  to 
the  sainted  bishop  was  decidedly  rejected 
by  Professor  Willis,  as  we  stated  in  oar 
last  number;  but  Mr.  Richardson  was 
unwilling  to  relinquish  that  opinion,  and 
urged  in  its  defence  not  only  the  general 
tradition,  but  the  discoveries  in  the  tomb, 
(see  our  vol.  xxvii.  pp.  39,  258,  373,) 
the  remains  of  early  decoration,  on  whidi 
until  lately  was  inscribed  *'  S.Ricardns,*' 
the  reliquary  recently  removed  into  the 
robing  room,  and  the  continuous  habit 
from  the  Reformation  to  the  present  dby 
of  persons  occasionally  kneeling  at  the 
tomb.  Though  the  erection  is  nnqoes- 
tionably  of  a  later  date  than  the  trtBsla« 


I858.J 


Arihepologiful  Jnnlitule  of  Grr 


tion  of  the  »*1d(,  he  argued  that  one  oho 
hul  becQ  alrendj  bononred  nilh  [wo  tomba 
HHJ  hale  had  ■  third  ilill  mare  coilljr, 
con«idiHng  the  wesltli  he  brouglil  to  the 
cathedral  exchequer.  In  Che  retards  of  the 
church,  the  tomb,  shrine,  and  image  are 
aepsratcljr  mentioned,  nod  apparently  were 
diitinct  The  tut.  >  ttBtuetle,  wan  in  hii 
□WQ  chapel ;  wa  rend  of  lis  haTing  been 
improperly  removed,  and  another  image 
broagbt  Trom  another  chn|)e1,  Ihit  of  St. 
Tbeobold,  and  get  np  in  iti  placi:. 

11  point  of  date  it  an 


iting 


of  a 


tofc   t 


■lone  (limilar  to  the  Tottenhtw  in  Bed- 
tordihire,  and  Cambridge  clnnch),  to  an 
Earl  and  ConatesE  of  Arundel.  It  is  re- 
ported la  bare  been  brought  from  the 
Prior]t  Church  nt  Chicheater  (or  posiiblf 
Le«i>j  at  the  Diaiolutinn  with  the  Ladjf 
I  Abbeii  before  named.      It  wag  built  in  de- 

tached piece*  into  the  north  v«ll  of  the 
cathedral,  where  the  effigiei  remained  till 
lately  restored  bf  Mr.   Richardson,  and 

S laced  on  their  lable-tomh  by  order  of  the 
eao  and  chspter.  The  hands  are  con- 
Joined.  The  eltigiei  are  vestod  in  the 
coitnme  of  the  reign  of  Richard  II.  or 
tale  in  that  of  Ed«>rd  III.  Some  neb 
decoration  remained,  aoil  eoms  stamped 
|ialtems  of  chain  on  the  cimail.  This 
Comb,  and  tliat  of  Si.  Richard,  are  of  llic 

A  amice  of  the  reatoratton  of  this  monu- 
ment, Ihe  culoDTi  aad  gilding  diacorered, 
&E.  appeared  in  the  Arehiiectural  and 
Anti^uaiiau  Year-book  for  1B14.  The 
date  IS  about  13T0,  and  may  rcpnt^cnt 
RIobard  the  thirteenth  Earl  of  Arundel. 
*bo  died  nib',  and  his  counter  in  1372. 
Both  were  baried  in  Lewea  Prior;.  Or 
Richard,  the  fonrteenth  Earl,  who  wax  be- 
headed in  1397,  and  his  widow,  wko  died 
HOO.  Uolh  these  eiils  were  grrnt  bene- 
lactori  lo  tlie  cathedral  i  llie  litter  founded 
Ibe  collegicite  chapel  at  Arundel,  and  from 
bi*  namcrous  chaiitable  act«  was,  after  liii 
enootiao.  considered  as  a  laiut  and  mar. 
t;r  1  and  Fatiynn  statea  that  a  mmptnonii 
tomb  was  raised  tohia  memory  in  London, 
bj  hia  aon.  It  by  the  Priory  Cturch 
that  of  Lewes  wia  understood,  the  tomb 
would  be  that  of  the  thirteenth  Earl,  lo 
wboED  Mr.  R.  ii  now  inclined  lo  attiibule 
It,  as  the  priory  at  Chichester  would  not 
be  likcty  to  base  contained  snch  noble 
tombs,  and  the  date  most  nearly  accords. 

B.  In  the  north  aisle  of  Ibe  chuir,  placed 
ill  a  plain  recess,  with  the  paria  of  it* 
table-lomb  aboite  and  around  it,  ia  the 
alabaster  eUigj  of  a  biahop.  said  lo  be  thai 
of  John  Riekingale,  who  died  14V6,  and 
dittoccd  by  bis  will  that  a  marble  tttme. 
bearing  his  image  anil  name,  should  he 
iilaced  oTer  hia  Imdy  in  the  cathedral.  The 

Obht.  Has,  Vol.  XL. 


brass  plate  arannd  the  tomb,  which  con* 
tnined  the  iuscription,  has  long  sinoe  dia- 
appeared.  It  may  here  be  stated  that  aockels 
of  nearly  50  magnilicent  brasses  remain  to 
mock  the  arcbtealogical  inquirer  in  the 
nave,  trBii."epl,  and  cloisters  on  Piirbeclt 
slabs,  some  of  immense  aiie:  one  to  a 
Plantagenet,  another,  it  is  supposed,  to 
Bishop  Kerope  (1*39).  who  was  afterwards 
an  archbishop  and  cardinal. 

9.  In  the  south  aisle,  opposite  to  the 
former,  andof  the  same  material,  alabaster, 
is  Ihe  intereatin;  tomb  of  Bishop  Shir- 
bouro,  the  last  Roman  Citliolic  and  first 
Protestant  bishop  (represented  in  Dalla- 
way's  History,  pi.  10).  He  lies  in  a  re- 
cessed arch  of  alabasCer,  in  full  robes, 
coloured  and  gill.  Ihe  hands  in  prayer,  a 


In  the  ' 


augels  in  relief,  kneeling  and  supporting  a 
shield  of  arms,  surmounted  by  a  mitre  i 
on  the  verge  of  the  table  is  cut  in  raised 
letters  the  humble  and  simple  inscription, 

Shtrbumt.      Both 


this  a 


only 


two  of  alabaster,  b«Tc  been  pronouni 
be  of  foreign  workmanship.  This  arose 
from  Ihe  material  not  being  known  in  the 
southern  discricla.  Not  only,  however,  is 
the  nlabesler  English,  from  Derbyshire  or 
StBlfardshire,  but  the  style  of  the  work  is 


ithe 


Midland  Counties,  where  alabaster  tableu 
look  Ihe  place  of  brasses;  and  effigies  were 
carved  of  alabaster,  instead  of  Purbech, 
Caen,  or  other  free  stones.  "  Marble 
stone"  was  a  common  term  formerly  for 
alabaster  :  and  marbellers  in  alabaster 
abounded  at  Burton  and  other  places. 

In  the  evening,  at  a  silting  of  the  5ee- 
(fOB  0/  Hillary,  two  papers  were  read  :— 

1.  Some  remarks  on  a  theory  respictiog 
Ctesar's  Invasion  of  Briuin,  by  the  Rev. 
Arthur  Hnssey. 

2.  On  the  probable  origin  and  dillerenl 
ancient  nnmcB  of  Chichester,  by  the  Rev. 
B.  R.  Perkins. 

Taeiday,  July  19.  The  S*clii>n  of  An- 
liquiliit  met  at  10  o'clock  this  monuDg 
to  hear  the  following  papers  :  — 


narks  c 


■,  by  Pro. 


site  of  Cor 

feasor  J.  Buckman,  F.G.S. 

£.  A  description  of  the  Roman  road 
connecting  WinchesTer  with  Salisbory,  lbs 
two  capital  towns  of  tbe  Belgs,  by  Henry 
Lawes  Long,  esq.  The  aothor  had  roi- 
itely  explored   this  ancient  highway  as 


!e  of  it  j  and  his  paper  inclnde 


lell   s 


entrenchment  at  Asbby,  and  upon  the  pas- 
sage of  the  Test  al  Bossing  Ion, —where 
Mr.  Long  concludes  thai  tbe  Roman  sta- 


290 


AnHquarian  Researches. 


[ocptt 


tion  of  Brigse  must  have  been,  instead  of 
at  Broughton,  as  set  down  by  recent  autho- 
ritiet,  or  at  Buckholt  as  placed  by  Sir  R. 
C.  Hoare.  At  Buckholt,  at  a  spot  called 
Cold  Harbour,  there  are  remains  and  tra- 
ditions  of  ancient  glass-works,  unrecorded 
in  any  known  document. 

The  concluding  assemblage  of  the  meet- 
ing was  presided  over  by  Lord  Talbot  of 
Malahide ;  and,  after  the  annual  election 
of  officer  fand  committee,  the  usual  votes 
of  thanks  were  passed  to  those  who  had 
promoted  the  objects  of  the  meeting.  These 
were  acknowledged  by  the  Bishop  of  Chi- 
chester in   person,  by  the   Rev.    Canon 
Shiffner  on  the  part  of  the  Dean  and  Chap- 
ter, and  by  Dr.  Tyacke  for  the  Corpora- 
tion.    The  thanks  to  the  Dean  and  Chap- 
ter were  proposed  by  J.  U.  Markland,  esq. 
D.C.L.,  who  observed,  that  the  only  draw- 
back to  the  pleasure  of  which  they  had  par- 
taken at  this  meeting  was  the  absence  of 
their  valued  and  excellent  friend  the  Dean, 
who,  from  debility,  was  unable  to  take  his 
place,  as  the  President  of  the  Architectural 
Section,  or  to  participate  in  the  general  pro- 
ceedings of  the  Institute.     The  regret  was 
mutual,  as  no  one  connected  with  that  city 
had  felt  a  more  lively  interest  in  the  suc- 
cess of  this  meeting  than  the  Dean  him- 
self.    For  months  past  he  had  directed  a 
portion  of  his  attention  to  the  matter,  and 
bis  earnest  hope  was  that  whatever  could 
contribute  to  the  gratification  of  the  mem- 
bers and  visitors  should,  if  possible,  be 
carried  into  effect.     With  respect  to  the 
Cathedral,  so  long  an  object  of  anxious 
attention  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter,  it  was 
most  gratifying    to    mark   the   liberality 
which  had  been  displayed  toward  its  resto- 
ration by  the  bishop  of  the  diocese  and  his 
family,  and  by  the  nobility,  clergy,  and 
laity  of  the  county  ;  nor  had  the  ladies  of 
Sussex  been  wanting  in  this  good  work ; 
he,  Mr.  M.,  had  that  morning  the  pleasure 
of  paying  100/.,  the  completion  of  a  noble 
gift  made  by  two  sisters,  natives  of  the 
county,  whose  pious  munificence  was  not 
confined  to  this  city,  or  to  this  kingdom. 

It  was  determined  that  the  annual  meet- 
ing of  the  Institute  for  the  year  1B53  shall 
take  place  at  Cambridge. 

BRITISH  ARCHAEOLOGICAL  ASSOCIATION. 

July  ^5.  The  annual  meeting  of  this 
Association  was  opened  in  the  Guildhall  at 
RocheMter,  where  Ralph  Bernal,  esq.  M.P. 
for  that  city,  took  the  chair  as  President  j 
and  delivered  an  address  in  which  he  dis- 
coursed with  con>iderable  eloquence  on  the 
advantages  of  archsological  knowledge, 
and  gave  a  very  rumplete  and  compre- 
hensive sketch  of  the  principal  antiquities 
of  the  neighbourhood.  A  paper  on  the 
history  of  Rochester  osstle  by  Dr.  W. 


Beattie  was  then  read,  in  which  its  mifitarf 
annals  were  minutely  traced. 

At  an  cTening  meeting  'sereral  papers 
were  read  : — 1.  Notices  of  Gnndnlph  and 
the  other  Rochester  founders :  by  the  Beif. 
Thomas  Hugo,  F.S. A.   Gnndnlph,  to  whoB 
this  paper  was  principally  dsTOted,  wai 
bishop  of  Rochester  from  1077  to  llOi. 
He  was  succeeded  by  Radnlphns,  and  then 
by  Emulph,  who  followed  in  bis  stcMf 
and  exhibited  the  same  activity  in  arrai- 
tectural  undertakings.    The  youth  of  Gnu- 
cfulph  gave  promise  of  the  futnre  man. 
He  first  served  in  the  church  of  St.  Marj 
at  Rouen,  and  attracted  Uie  especial  at- 
tention of  William  the  Archdeacon,  after- 
wards Archbishop  of  Rouen.     As  a  monk 
of  the  abbey  of  Bee  he  was  remarkable  for 
his  obedience,  seal,  and  earnest  piety.    Ha 
was  also  acute  in  secular  matters,  and  as- 
sisted abbat  Lattfranc  in  the  govenunent 
of  the  abbey  of  Caen.  When,  after  the  con- 
quest of  England,  Lanfranc  was  derated 
to  the  see  of  Canterbury,  he  took  Gim- 
dulph  with  him  to  England,  not  only  on 
account  of  his  9aneti99^mm  rtUgio,  bnt  also 
for  his  prud^ntimma  MtenUaimm.  itrwm 
adminisiratio,  and  soitfe  years  after  ad- 
vanced him  to  the  see  of  Rochester.     He 
found  that  church  in  ruins,  the  canons  re- 
duced to  five  in  number,  the  lands  of  the 
bouse  alienated,  or  forcibly  withheld  by 
powerful  nobles.    He  first  dtered  the  oon- 
stitution  of  the  house  itself.      He  then 
turned  his  attention  to  the  building  of  iiia 
cathedral  church,  which,  according  to  the 
Textus  Roffensis,  he  built  anew  from  the 
very  foundation.    He  also  built  the  otBcea 
of  the  priory,  and  made  the  whole  as  com- 
plete as  possible.    Two  other  ecclesiastical 
buildine^s,  erected  about  the  same  time,  (of 
which,  however,  very  little  remains,) 'claim 
him  for  their  founder — vix.  the  chapel  of 
St.  Bartholomew  at  Chatham,  attached  to 
the  hospital  for  lepers,  and  portions  of 
Mailing  abbey.     He  has  also  the  credit 
of  having  been  the  architect  of  Rochesttf 
castle  and  of  the  White  Tower  within  the 
Tower  of  London. 

To  this  paper  succeeded  one  '*  On  the 
Houses  of  our  Ancestors  in  Kent,"  by 
Charles  Baily,  esq.  '*  Of  the  domestio 
architecture  of  the  Normans,"  Mr.  Baily 
observed,  "we  have  no  example  remaining 
in  or  near  to  Rochester,  but  bonses  of  this 
early  period  do  still  remain  in  other  parts 
of  the  kingdom.  There  is  a  Norman  house 
at  Minster,  in  the  Isle  of  Sbeppy,  which 
belongs  to  the  twelfth  century. 

**  Manor-houses  were  for  the  most  psrt 
small,  and  generally  somewhat  square  in 
form,  often  two  storeys  high,  the  rooms 
in  the  lower  part  bemg  vaulted.  Firefdacea 
were  very  few  in  number ;  sometimes  t^tfre 
was  but  one  in  the  whole  building,  Mid 


IMS.] 


Britiih  Archmological  Association, 


291 


titff  #••  in  oile  of  the  tipper  rooms.  A 
gfiMit  peottlitrity  of  these  early  houses  was 
IIm  ainMnee  of  an  internal  sUircase ;  the 
ippffoaefa  to  tlie  upper  rooms  was  from 
tM  entride  of  the  house.  In  the  Bajeuz 
tnpaetry  we  fiild  the  representation  of  a 
Nonnan  house  such  as  I  liave  described, 
bvt  there  is  no  fireplace  nor  chimney 
ihowiL  When  fireplaces  were  introduced, 
Hktf  were  often  of  an  ornamental  character : 
w«  find  one  at  the  Jew's  House  at  Lin- 
cofai  \  and  I  may  perhaps  mention  the  fire- 
plaeea  of  the  castle  in  this  city.  Of  the 
larger  Norman  houses  we  have  only  por- 
tions remaining,  and  it  is  probable  that 
tiiese  partook  more  of  the  character  of  the 
eaatle  than  of  the  house.  Oakham  castle, 
in  Rntlandshire,  was  built  in  1180,  but 
the  original  hall  is  all  that  remains  of  this 
iatOi  It  is  divided  into  three  aisles  by 
two  rows  of  columns  and  arches. 

**  Of  Norman  staircases  may  be  men> 
tioned  the  fine  example  remaining  at  Can- 
terbury :  each  side  of  this  is  formed  with 
n  aereen  of  ornamental  semicircular  arches 
on  eolomns,  supporting  a  roof :  it  led  to 
what  was  the  strangers'  hall  of  the  con- 
irtnt,  and  beneath  which  was  the  treasury  • 
it  appears  to  have  been  always  an  external 
approach.  The  same  sort  of  plan  con- 
tibued  in  the  thirteenth  century,  and  at 
the  Temple  Farm,  at  Strood,  we  find  the 
lower  vaulted  storey  of  a  house  of  this 
time  remaining.  This  is  a  large  apartment, 
DOW  used  as  a  coal-cellar,  one  bay  wide 
and  three  in  length,  and  stands  length- 
ways, east  and  west.  The  entrance  is  on 
the  north  aide  of  the  west  bay,  and  on  the 
■oath  side  are  still  some  of  the  original 
vrindows,  one  of  which  is  quite  perfect, 
very  long  and  narrow,  and  only  ornamented 
with  a  narrow  splay  on  the  outside  edge. 
It  is  square- headed,  with  a  small  pointed 
arch  above  it. 

"  In  the  year  1316  one  Symond  Potyn 
founded  the  Hospital  of  St.  Katharine,  in 
the  Eastgate  at  Rochester,  and  in  his  will 
describes  himself  as  '  dwellinge  in  the  inne 
ealled  the  Crown,  in  Saint  Clementes 
parishe  of  Rochester.'  This  description, 
and  the  general  antique  character  of  the 
Crown  Inn,  naturally  lead  one  to  inquire 
if  there  is  in  it  any  architecture  of  an  early 
character  remaining  ?  Portions  of  the 
ground-floor  and  basement  are  of  such  a 
character  that  we  may  with  certainty  con- 
sider them  as  being  a  part  of  the  residence 
of  the  said  Symond  Potyn,  and  were  pro- 
bably built  in  the  early  part  ;of  the  thir- 
teenth century. 

*'  On  the  eastern  side  of  the  Crown  Inn 
yard  stand  some  brick  buildings  now  over- 
grown with  ivy ;  these  contain  rooms  which 
are  said  to  be  those  which  were  occupied 
by  Queen  Elizabeth  on  the  occasion  of  her 


visit  to  Rochester  on  Sept.  1 8th,  a..o. 
1573,  when  she  took  up  her  abode  at  the 
Crown  Inn  for  four  days.  The  present 
stabling  is  traditionally  called  Queen  Eliza- 
beth's dining-room.  In  one  of  the  upper 
rooms  is  a  chimney-piece  carved  in  the 
style  prevalent  in  the  time  of  James  I., 
and  to  which  period  rather  than  the  days 
of  Elizabeth  I  should  feel  inclined  to  date 
the  building. 

*'  Of  the  houses  of  the  fourteenth  cen- 
tury we  find  many  examples  in  Kent.  The 
hall  now  became  the  chief  feature  of  the 
house  :  externally  it  was  distinguished  by 
its  large  gables  and  high-pitched  roof,  and 
internailv  it  was  the  apartment  most  in 
use.  In  It  the  owner,  his  guests  and  ser- 
vants, ate,  drank,  and  lived ;  and  often- 
times the  hall  was  used  by  the  domestics 
for  sleeping.  The  hall  has  often  been  pro- 
served  when  the  rest  of  the  house  has  been 
destroyed.  The  remains  of  the  great  hall 
of  Mayfield  Palace,  in  Sussex,  is  perhaps 
the  grandest  apartment  we  have  remaining 
of  the  period.  It  is  not  later  than  the 
time  of  King  Edward  II.;  the  rich,  varied, 
and  elegant  tracery  of  the  windows,  and 
the  method  adopted  by  the  architect  to 
roof  over  the  great  span  of  at  least  40  feet 
'from  side  to  side,  without  the  aid  of  inter- 
nal columns,  must  delight  every  scientific 
admirer  of  what  is  beautiful  in  architec- 
ture. This  apartment,  about  70  feet  long, 
is  divided  into  three  bays,  externally  by 
buttresses  and  internally  by  two  huge 
arches  of  stone  from  wall  to  wall ;  on 
these  moulded  arches  was  laid  the  wood- 
work of  the  roof,  the  timbers  of  which 
were  exposed  to  view  ;  these  timbers  are 
now  gone,  but  we  learn  what  their  forms 
must  have  been  from  the  roof  of  the  hall 
at  the  Moat  House,  at  Ightham,  in  Kent. 
This  room  is  still  most  perfect ;  it  has  the 
^  arches  of  stone  as  at  Mayfield,  which  sup- 
'  port  the  purlins,  kingposts,  and  rafters  of 
the  wooden  roof,  which  appear  never  to 
have  been  altered  in  any  way  since  the 
first  erection.  In  this  haU  the  present 
windows  and  the  fireplace  are  of  later 
date,  having  been  added  to  the  building  in 
the  time  of  Henry  VIII. ;  one  of  the  origi- 
nal windows  of  two  lights,  with  tracery  in 
the  head  and  a  transome,  however,  can  be 
traced  in  the  side  walls  ;  a  building  of  the 
fifteenth  century  having  been  erected  out- 
side of  the  hall  appears  to  have  been  the 
occasion  of  the  alterations  I  have  noticed. 
**  At  the  Moat  House,  at  Ightham  fof 
which  an  engraving  was  given  in  the  Gentle- 
man's  Magazine  for  Feb.  1837),  there  is 
not  much  besides  the  hall  remaining  of  the 
first  foundation  ;  but  the  fifteenth  century 
additions  are  most  interesting.  The  build- 
ings stand  round  a  courtyard  ;  a  somewhat 
wide  and  deep  moat  surrounds  the  whole  ; 


S92 


Antiquarian  Re-tear chet 


[Sept. 


tbe  "alls  riie  dir«ctlj  out  of  tlie  water. 
The  principal  eatraacc  to  tbe  courtyard  ia 
hj  *  gate  naier  >  low  tower ;  tbli  gite  hu 
bMii  prepared  to  receive  a  drawbridge. 
Tbe  houie  appeara  to  bate  bens  built  with 
a  view  10  defence,  like  moit  bouiea  erected 
preTJDag  to  a.d.  IGIH).  A  most  iatereibag 
pnrt  of  the  hoiiH  ii  the  chapel,  which  is 
placed  on  the  lecond  storey.  It  ii  of  the 
time  of  Heiiry  VIII..  and  ii  moitl;  con- 
■tnietod  of  timber  and  plaster ;  it  ii  dl- 
Tlded  bf  a  icreea  into  tUTe  and  chancel, 
■ad  allogelhcr  ii  in  a  vtrj  perfect  elate. 
The  ceiling  ii  dose  hoarded,  of  an  arched 
form,  and  it  painted  with  what  appear  to 
be  the  several  Tudor  hadget.  It  i>  much 
to  be  regretted  that  thii  tery  iotereitiog 
home,  on  account  of  iti  diitance  from 
Socheater,  cannot  be  viiiled  b;  the  Society 
during  tbe  preaent  congreas.  Our  mem> 
ben  will,  howerer,  haTC  an  opporlanitT  of 
Tiewiog  B  hoQH  of  the  lame  date — I  meaa 
Battle  Hall,  near  Leedi  Caatle,  wfceri: 
there  wat  a  roof  of  Ihe  tame  character  aa 
at  Maffield  and  the  Moat,  and  where  there 
it  a  curious  daric  vaulted  apartmeot  nt  the 
east  end  of  Ihe  hall,  probablj  a  celUr,  with 
■  tort  of  principal  chamber  above  it,  hai- 

■'  Ac  Nurated,  near  Gravesend,  are 
aome  of  the  reoiain*  of  the  old  hall  of 
I4iirfittd  Court  (engmTtd  ia  pvr  Mtg4- 

line  for  April  IB37),  aajd  1o  have  hecn 
baill  bj  Slcphen  da  Gravetende,  who  vaa 
Diabop  of  Ixindon  in  131B,  and  who  died 
in  133d.  The  predecetiore  of  the  present 
proprietor.  Cipuiu  William  Edmeades, 
divided  this  ancient  hali  into  several  floors, 
and  erected  a  modern  home  against  it,  to 


that 


a  part,  I 


iaIBcicnt,  can  be  teen  to  show  tbe  con- 
slrBclion  of  tbii  cutiooi  relic.  The  iulcriot 
□f  thii  hall  it  diitinguisbed  bj  ths  lingular 
conatruction  of  iti  roof,  which,  like  that 
Ot  Ihe  hall  of  Oakham  Castle,  stood  ou 
four  colusDS,  ttuding  about  four  feet 
within  Ihe  walls  ;  hot  in  thia  caie  the  co- 
limins  are  of  wood,  instead  of  atone  aa  at 
Oakham.  From  I  bete  columns  spring 
arches  of  limber,  upon  which  rests  the 
immenta  weight  of  the  roof.  The  object 
of  Ihe  architect  bat  heeo  etidenllj  Id  re- 
lieve tbe  walls  from  the  weight  of  the  roof ; 
■nd  aIthoa|b  be  has,  pvirhaps,  quite  *ac- 
eecded  in  doing  what  he  wanted,  yet  the 
design  will  in  no  wsjr  whatever  compare 

Ent    fornt    with    Ihe  fine   etampi*   ai 
aylleld. 

"  The  counly  ot  Kent  eoiilahia  many 
booKa  ot  the  fifteenth  renluiy  in  a  pretty 
perfect  slate.  In  very  large  and  tpadan* 
Ewates  the  plana  vary,  bat  the  severBl 
bMildtnp  geeeraJly  mrround  ona  or  more 
^Mdraafm,  ii  at  Pnuharst  Flaw,  and 


Heier  Caitle,  Knowle,  and  several  others. 
Smaller  bouses  were  generally  pUuiMd, 
bawever.  on  one  principle,  and  the  form 
of  the  pUa  Bomewlial  resembled  the ,  let* 
ter  I.  The  hall,  which  still  continoadthe 
chief  apBitment,  being  iu  the  centre,  gone- 
rally  occupied  the  whole  height  of  the 
bniUing,  at  at  Mayfield  and  Penshural. 
The  chief  entrance  to  tbe\hoBie,  which 
was  often  beneath  a  porch,  was  at  one  end 
of  tbe  liall :  ihe  door  to  the  gardens  was 
oppOEiile  lo  it,  the  halt  being  shot  off  by  ■ 
screen,  thui  forniing  a  passage  through 
the  buildiog.  On  Ihe  aide  of  this  passage, 
opposite  to  the  end  oF  tbe  halt,  waa  one  or 
two  and  sometimes  three  doori,  leading 
to  apattmenu  variously  lUed,  mob  as 
the  cellars,  kitchens,  hiitteries.  lie.  The 
buildings  at  Cobham  college,  although 
not  exactly  to  he  conlidcred  a  private 
house,  show  this  arnuwement.  The  fire- 
place now  began  to  be  utrodoced  into  the 
hall." 

Mr.  U.  G.  Adams  resd  a  paper  "  On 
Rodiesler  Bridge,"  giving  a  daacriplioa 
of  tl>e  ancirnl  timber  bridge  acnns  the 
Medwsj,  of  which  an  eograiing  may  be 
found  ill  Ihe  seventh  volnme  of  the 
ArebKologia,  accompanied  by  an  account 
collected  from  two  maonacripts.  pnblishad 
inLambarde'sPtrambulatlonorKenL  Tbe 
dAte  of  its  erection  i)  uucerlain.  lU|ttl*- 
tiona  and  ttatutee  referring  la  it  were  In 
ciistencfl  at  the  time  of  Bishop  Emulpb. 
A  statement  that  the  arches  of  thli  bridge 
rested  upon  piers  of  esrth  and  stone,  teens 
to  be  contradicted  by  the  diicoveiit  of 
wooden  piles,  evidently  the  remains  of  KQ 
old  bridge  foundation,  during  the  progreM 
of  the  present  works,  as  the  new  bridge 
will  occnpy  the  site  of  the  ancient  ooe. 
The  piles  thus  found  were  many  of  then 
ihod  with  iron,  and  driven  far  down  into 
Ihe  bed  o[  the  river,  out  of  which  thqp  bwl 
lo  be  drawn.  The  overteer  of  Ihe  works 
reports  that  so  much  as  660  cubic  feet  of 
timber,  chiefly  oak,  was  removed  ia  lUl 
way.  a  great  portion  of  il  being  perfeetlf 
sound.  Mr.  Adaina  proceeded  to  notloc 
rarious  documenti  letting  forth  pronaioiM 
for  the  maintenance  of  Kochester  bridg*, 
and  afterwards  gave  a  luitory  of  tbe  prs< 
tent  bridge,  with  noticea  rujiecting  the 

The  Aisocistion  then  proceeded  to  view 
theancieat  buililingaici  Rochester,  Straod, 
and  Chatham,  ineutioned  In  Mr.  BaiV* 
paiurr.  Temple  Farm,  St.  Katharine  asd 
Si.  Barl  holunew 't  hoipllals,  jfce.,  and  In 
Ihe  ttening  again  asiembled  lo  hear  tere- 
ral  papers,  via.— I.  by  Mr.  Eiaell.  on  en 
inscribed  itone  found  In  the  Hedway; 
».  by  the  Rev.  Deale  Poite,  ou  tlie  atlaek 
of  ibo  Dati<li  oa  tbe  dsfenoes  ot  the  Urd- 
war  in  lae;  i  and  3.  br  Mr.  KtlUwtU,  on 


185S.] 


Bi-itith  Archmological  Atiociatio: 


S98 


■Ddcnt  qnrl«,  putinei,  lad  cuBtomi  of 
the  oonnijr  o(  Keni. 

Tiifdas.  Jtdy  SG.  —  After  aervice  in 
the  CUheilnU,  (he  canona  ia  reaiJeocc— 
the  Rt».  Dr.  Hswkina  ami  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Griffith— cihibi ted  ia  lie  cbapler-houso 
the  celebrated  MSS.,theTeitD9  RolteDBis 
and  the  Cuttunale  Roffeme,  uuoa  nliicb 
Mr.  W.  H.  Bluck  delivered  ■  highly 
intcTutiug  dttcoiiTK,  detailing  Tccy  parti - 
caUrlr  the  coatenti  oF  those  impartaat 
Tecordi,  and  poiatiDg  out  the  DBceMity  of 
■  mare  Biicurate  pnblicstian  of  tbem 
(psrticDlBrly  the  Teitua)  than  l>a>  hitherto 
■ppeared.  A  proposition  for  llic  pablica- 
tion  of  thi<  MS.,  agreeably  to  the  opinion* 
eipreaied  by  Mr.  Black,  was  proposed  it 
(hit  meeting;,  and  has  been  referreil  for 
the  concideration  of  the  eoaacll. 

The  party  then  attended  a  lecture,  by 
Mr.  Aihpitel,  "On  the  Architecture  of 
Ihfl  Cathedral,"  and  artenrards  minutely 
inipecled  Ibe  edifice  under  bis  guidance. 
Itf  erection  itu  commenred  by  bishop 
Gandolph,  Kho  died  in  IIDS,  and  com- 
pleted by  bishop  Ernolph,  who  also,  ac. 
cording  to  the  Rochester  Chronicle  and 
Edmond  de  Hadenbam,  buitt  the  dormi- 
lor;,  ioflruisry,  and  chapter -house.  The 
fronts  of  these  Utter  remain,  and  tbey  par- 
take of  the  style  of  the  weal  front  of  the 
charah,  which  is  attributed  to  Erouljib, 
after  be  had  lengthened  the  hbtc  by  one 
Uy.  No  conwcralion  took  place  until 
II33,  nbea  that  office  naa  performed  by 
John  arcbbiihop  of  Canterbury,  eighteen 
yaara  after  Gandulph's  death.  The  etiit- 
Ing  nave  is  clearly  that  of  Gundnlpb,  till 
wUhin  two  arches  of  the  transepts.  A 
little  to  the  eastward  of  the  north  transept 
ii  a  fine  massive  tower,  called  Gundulph's 
lower,  and  this  ia  clearly  Norman.  In  (he 
eT7pt  ia  fonnd  work  of  two  periods,  one 
■Thiently  Early- English,  the  other  consist- 
ing of  very  rude  groini,  supported  by  iniall 
pliUD  cylindrical  shafts,  and  heavy  cuabiou- 


Al  ill  eastern  end  Mr.  Asbpitel  suspected 
the  original  existence  of  a  circular  or 
octagonal  apsii,  but,  'on  setting  out  the 
liaei,Bnd  probing  the  ground  with  «  borer, 
nothing  of  the  kind  wiis  found.  However, 
on  proceeding  eastwnrd  the  diitance  of 
(wo  bayi  more,  the  foundatioot  of  a  huge 
rabble  wall  were  fonnd  upwards  of  pii;ht 
feel  thick,  which  probably  formed  Ibe 
straight  end  of  the  old  church.  Reginald, 
who  was  prior  in  1154,  niide  two  bells  and 


this  tower  formed  part  of  a  species  of 
sept,  and  that  the  other  tower  stood 
the  north  side  and  matched  it,  as  the 
towers  eland  at  Eieter  Cathedral.  A 
take  has  crept  into  some  books  that  piil^' 
Silvester  built  the  relectory,  the  dormitory, 
and  the  hostelry,  and  nolbing  could  show 
in  a  stronger  light  the  necessity  of  going  to 
Iho  fountain -hnad,  and  consulting  the 
origiael  documenta.  Only  two  words  are 
omitted,  bat  these  make  all  Ibe  ditferenoe. 
Silvester  did  ctect  buildings,  as  stated,  bat 
the  MS.  adds  "at  'W'aletune."  It  goei 
on,  however,  to  say,  "and  at  Roobesler 
he  removed  Ibe  private  house  which  for- 
merly  was  attached  (ai/Airiif)  to  the  ' — ' 
tory,  and  he  made  two  windows 
chapter-house  towards  tbc  east."  i  „ 
DDmber  of  notices  are  given  of  presenti 
windows.  We  are  then  told  that  "  "" 
hot  the  sacrist  made  the  whole  li 
and  the  gredt  cross  with  Mary  am 
and  a  great  clocca,  which  to  the  pri 
day  retniiia  (he  name  of  the  afor 
Thalebot."    Whether   by    "clocca' 


'clock" 


only  a 


word- 


argc   t 


atatad  in  the  Rcgistrum  Roffenie,  a  clear 
evidaoee  that  there  wsi  f  ipo  towers.  Now, 
as  one  tower  exists  at  the  aide  of  the 
choreh,  and  ai  there  seem  to  be  marks  of 
■  IW|i  inh  ia  It,  th«  ponlblllty  is,  that 


annalist  always  u! 

to  signify  the  latter.  He  coatinnei  :- 
"  In  1199  Radulphas,  tbe  prior,  made  the 
brewery,  and  the  great  and  less  chambers 
of  the  piior,  and  the  stone  bousea  in  the 
cemetery,  and  the  hostelry,  and  the  grange 
in  the  vinejard,  and  the  grange  at  Stoka, 
and  the  stable;  and  he  caused  the  great 
church  to  be  roofed  and  the  greater  part 
covered  with  lead.  Helyas,  the  prior, 
leaded  the  great  church,  and  that  part  «f 
the  cloister  neit  tbe  dormitory ;  and  he 
made  the  lavatory  and  the  guests'  refeo- 
tory.  Heymeric  deTunebregge,  tbe  monk, 
made  the  cloister  towards  the  infirmary  ; 
Roger  de  Saunford,  monk  and  cellarer, 
mode  the  brewhouse  of  stone  and  lime  and 
tiles."  To  return  :  it  baa  been  stated  that 
■  strange  chance  had  enabled  the  monks 
to  receive  money  enough  to  rebuild  their 
choir,  spite  of  all  their  former  untoward 
accidents.  It  occurred  that  a  baker  of 
Perth,  who  had  attained  a  character  for 
piety  and  charity,  and  who  was  said  to 
give  every  tenth  loaf  to  the  poor,  resolved 
on  a  pilgrimage  to  Jerusalem.  He  sold 
all  he  had  for  (hat  purpose,  and  set  oS 
for  the  continent ;  pusiog  through  Ro- 
chester, he  slopped  there  some  days,  and 
by  bis  pleasing  niannera  won  the  good 
opinion  of  every  ooe.  On  his  departure, 
his  servant,  tempted  by  the  money  be 
carried,  attacked  him  as  soon  as  he  went 
out  of  tbe  town,  and  murdered  him.  Uia 
fate  caused  great  sympathy,  and  hi*  n- 
mains  were  interred  in  the  cathedral. 
Shortly  after,  report*  of  miracles  done  at 
his  tonb  were  sprotd  abroad,  and  pilgrini 


294 

frtiin  all  parU  of  ibe  ooudUt  flocked  to  ht> 
■brlnft  vitb  olTerinp.  The  RachCBter 
Chronicle  lUiBi  thrre  Ihings  which  fleem 
tb  be  lery  diicrPpanli  first,  thet  Richard 
Eiltgite  built  ihe  north  xisle  oppaiite  the 
l^te   of  St.    William;    that    Richard    de 

;  that  Wil- 

if  the  choir. 

aides  of  BUih  B   cOQitraetioD 

'    could  be  built  without  >  choir  betneen 

I    tbem  Kcmi  imiMMiible.     But  it  we  reSect 

I   tlut "  ila,"  in  its  primitive  rorm  signlflea 

I   transeDt.   and  that    traniepti  are  very 

Mten  called  croii-audra,  the  matter  leema 

Iblclllsible.     Not  oiil;  lo,   it  explaioa  a 

I    tbing  which  hag  not  been  done  aa  jet. 

ne  two  traosepts  differ  in  design  :  or>e  ia 

,    il  lealt  forty  jiears  later  than  tbe  otber. 

tCow,  if  this  iatcrpretaCion  be  allonnl,  the 

Mole  ia  clear.     Rlcbard    Eutgite,   tbc 

iuiriit,  began  the  north  aisle,  nhich  was 

\   fltdshed  bj  Thomaa  de  Meopbam,  proba- 

I    Vj  another  aacrist;   and   then,    aJler  an 

I   Uteml,  we  can  rcadilj  conceive  how  a 

I  ^Mrd  tacriat   (or  probablj  a  fourth,  for 

I    ^lli«m  de  Hoo  was  aacriit  ere  he  was 

>   krior)  erected  tbe  otlier  truniept  in  a  dif. 

k   hrent  atjle  at  a  later  period.    This  alio 

\  lutplaln*  the  phraae  that  William  de  Uao 

I    fcnilt  the  whole  choir.    This  was  finlahed 

I    lU  ISfT,  anfficientl;  to  commence  tbe  per. 

I    fcrRiance  of  diTine  worship  therein.      In 

'    1S40  the  church  at  Rochester  was  de<li- 

t   flMedbj  tbe  I^rd  Richard.  Itabithop,  and 

j  fte  Bishop  of  Bangor.   Iq  I34J  be  caaaed 

I  the  new  tower  of  the  church  at  Rochester 

)    to  be  raiaed  with  atone  anil  timber,  and 

I   to  be   cotored  with  load.      He   also  gart 

[I  new  belli  to  pUce  in  the  lame,  whose 

nei  are   DnailsD.  Paulinas,   Ithamar, 

1  Lanfranc.     In   the  ensaing  year  be 

L   nno*ated  the  shrinea  of  SI.  Faultnna  and 

J   Ithamar,  at  the   expense  of  200   marki. 

I  m«  U  tbe  lait  mention  we  hsTe  in  the 

W  ^hroniclet  of  any  building*  at  Rochester. 

eaaof  the  worka  of  Ihie  prelate  are  pro- 
btf  the  magaificent  doorway  into  tl» 
rent  Chapter- house,  and  the  walls  of 
lower  pari;  the  few  Decorated  win- 
I  4>«s  there  are  abonl  the  eoulh-weil  traii- 
I  .tqit,  and  probably  the  old  Rafeclorj  with 
L  III  Internal  paaaage.  The  worb  of  Ibe 
■  iWpcadicnIar  |wriod  eonaltta  of  ■  chapel 
I   «Ulad  by  tradition  8i.  Mary'e  Cba,«1,  the 

CI  «Mt  Window,  loiee  alterations  at  the 
•indow.  th*  wbdowi  of  the  elerea- 
'  '~  f,  of  Ih*  nave,  and  some  minor  maltera, 
nmnrlMl  thai  at  tbe  lloie  of  the  Rl- 
>Maa   Um  Lady  Chapel  wa*  thrown 
\kt  ehoir,  and  tbe  new  cbapel  bnllt 
t  ifM.     If  Ihia  b«  H  li  miul  bare 
W  4na<  l>T  flahet,  but  there  la  no  reeotd 
'    Ihliic  halnjc  dune.     The  great 
I  ««a  nmbably  uf  the  lime  of 

)VU. 


Antiquat^ft  Rtieavehea. 


\t  an  evening  meeting  several  papers 
were  read.  The  first  was  by  Mr.  Pctti- 
grCH,  "  Co  tbe  Leper  Houses  Of  Kent, 
and  their  eatabliihment  in  Bngiand."  Al- 
though the  majority  of  these  houaei  were 
not  instituted  until  the  time  of  the  Crtt- 
sadea,  It  was  clearly  shown  by  tuatoriC*! 
documents,  to  which  Mr.  Petligrew  re- 
ferred, that  they  bad  existed  as  early  a* 
the  eighth  century.  They  also  were  cata- 
bliihed  in  Italy,  Germany,  and  PnuM 
about  the  same  time.  The  leprosy  W*t 
looked  upon  as  a  peculiar  vlBitation  of  th* 
Deity,  and  the  a ubjecia  of  it  were  regarded 
with  particular  veneration,  princes  and 
potenCales  not  hesitating  to  render  evn 
menial  aisjetauce  to  Ihoie  who  werr  afflict- 
ed with  it,  Initaacei  of  tbia  bind  wen 
detailed  in  the  paper.  Tbe  nnmbet  ^ 
leper-houaes  was  very  great,  and  tbejr  were 
apectally  placed  under  the  protection  of 
the  Knights  llospitallera  of  the  order  o( 
St.  Laiare  of  Jcroaalem.  Mr.  Petdgrew 
referred  to  the  descriptions  given  bj  tbe  m*- 
diievBl  writers  on  tbta  dtieaae,  and  showed 
(bat  it  waa  what  is  now  known  as  tbe  ela- 
pbaniiaEli.  London  bad  in  roalitv  Only 
two  bcupluls  for  lepers,— Ibai  ofSI.  Jamea, 
the  lite  of  which  wu  St.  J>me>-a  PalsM, 
and  that  of  St.  Oiles-in- the- Fields,  Tfca 
date  of  the  fnundatjou  ot  the  former  isnn- 
IcnoWQ!  hut  tbe  latter  was  eatsbtiihed and 
endowed  b;  Queen  Matilda.  Prior  to 
treating  of  tbe  leper.honaei  of  Kent,  Mf. 
Pettlgrew  directed  •ttentioo  lo  tbe  repj. 
lalions  established  for  them,  and  the  rifonr 
of  the  seclusion  of  the  lepers,  which  rarlMl 
considerably  In  different  localities,  but  was 
moat  acvere  in  Bcotlaod,  which  afforded 
BoinF  exceedingly  curious  information.  The 
lepDr-bonies  fn  Kent  were  ot  BougbliHi, 
C'oBterbury,  Chatham,  Darlfiird,  Deter, 
Hythe,  Olleford,  Rochester,  RDmaey.tDd 
Tannlngton.  The  paper  wu  specially  de- 
•oled  to  those  of  St.  Bartholomew  al  Chat- 
ham, and  St.  Katharine  of  Hoeheattr. 
Tbe  former  of  these  Waa  founded,  la  IS16, 
by  Simon  Polyn  ;  the  latter  was  ballt,  In 
lOTB,  bj  Biabop  Gundnlpb  (conae^Mfly 
prior  to  the  emigration  of  EngHahnea  tit 
the  Crnsadea).  ThU  building  ia  vetT  ftt- 
terntiog,  the  more  ancient  part  <n  Ibo 
itructore  preavnliog  a  circular  apae,  ll|bted 
by  three  circular -beaded  windows,  llie 
oentTc  light  being  the  larger  one.  These 
arc  fnrnisbMl  witli  alg-ng  mouldinn.  Um 
walla  are  of  rungh  llirit  work.  Oa  Mti 
wath  dde  there  ii  a  small  •l^dill«,  «ltb 
two  very  early  English  eolunm,  «lth 
poiiilnd  arch,  and  caps  and  baaea.  Ilwn 
wBi  alto  a  atoup  (or  holy  water,  wbleh  baa 
been  removed,  »'id  U  now  built  in  anothM 
part. 
M- 


1853.] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


295 


Common  Law  of  Kent,"  which  embraced 
all  the  detaila  of  descent  of  lands  in  the 
county.  From  the  time  of  the  Conquest 
the  feadal  law  gradually  supplanted  the 
old  common  law  of  the  land  ;  and  in  the 
reigii  of  King  John,  the  presumption  of 
kw  became,  that  all  socage  lands  (except 
lands  in  Kent)  desceoded,  on  the  death  of 
the  father,  to  the  eldest  son. 

A  peper  by  Mr.  HoUnway,  the  author 
of  the  **  History  of  Romney  Marsh,*' 
"  On  Romney  Marsh,*'  was  read,  and  de- 
tailed a  Tariety  of  interesting  particulars 
zaiatlng  to  this  locality.  This  was  followed 
by  the  communication,  by  Mr.  Jerdan,  of 
**  Three  Documents  relating  to  the  Spanish 
Armada,  and  the  Defence  of  the  Medway.'" 

Mr.  Stephen  Steele,  of  Rochester,  de- 
tailed the  particulars  connected  with  the 
disoOTery  of  a  Roman  burial-ground  at 
Strood,  and  exhibited  a  variety  of  draw- 
iagi  and  specimens  connected  with  this 
ratearch. 

Captain  Henry  Curling  and  Mr.  George 
Wright  contributed  a  joint  paper  ^*  On  the 
Historical  Associations  of  Reculver,"  and 
the  principal  events  connected  with  the 
riie  and  fall  of  that  interesting  monument. 

A  curious  ioedited  letter  by  the  cele- 
brated John  Ives,  the  antiquary,  *'  On 
Dover  Harbour,"  contributed  by  Mr.  F. 
Turner,  terminated  the  proceedings. 

Wedkeidajf  July  27.  This  day  an  ex- 
onrtion  was  made  to  Cliffe,  Cowling  Castle, 
Shome,  Cobham-hall,  Cobham  church 
and  college.  A  dinner  was  held  at  Ro- 
diester  at  six  o'clock,  followed  by  a  con- 
Tenaxione,  at  which  a  paper  was  read  "  On 
n  Palimpsest  Brass  in  St.  Nicholas,"  at 
Rochester,  of  which  rubbings  were  exhi- 
bited. This  paper  was  by  tbe  late  anti- 
quary Mr.  Carlos,  and  was  produced 
from  the  "  Collectanea  * '  of  the  Associa- 
tion. Many  rubbings  from  interesting 
Inmiaei  were  exhibited,  nnd  also  speci- 
mens of  various  antiquities  found  in  the 
neighbourhood.  Mr.  Thurston  produced 
a  cast  from  a  dedication  stone  in  the  chan- 
cel wall  of  Postling  church,  near  By  the, 
and  drawings  of  the  curious  helmet  of  Sir 
John  Fogge,  at  Ash  ford  church.  Mr. 
Naylor  exhibited  some  antiquities  lately 
found  in  a  Saxon  cemetery  on  Star  l^ill, 
Rochester.  These  excavations  occasioned 
the  discovery  of  eighteen  human  skeletons, 
five  spear  heads,  bronze  bu(*kle&,  rings,  ar- 
millse,  &c.  There  were  also  beads  of  va- 
rious colours  and  in  amber;  and  two 
brooches,  one  of  a  square,  the  other  of  a 
circular  form,  of  bronze,  with  coloured 
glass  inserted. 

Thurtday  July  28.  The  party  proceeded 
to  inspect  Kits  Coty-house  and  the  crom- 
lechs in  that  neighbourhood,  from  whence 
they  yisited  the  ruins  of  AlUogton  castle, 


an  ancient  chimneypiece  at  Wouldhami 
Aylesford  church  and  hospital,  an  old  bam 
in  Preston-park,  Mailing  abbey,  and  Snod- 
land,  returning  to  Rochester  in  the  even- 
ing. In  the  course  of  the  day  Mr,  S.  I. 
Tucker  read  a  jiaper  on  the  history  of  the 
Colepepcrs. 

On  Friday  the  party  came  to  Maidstone, 
visiting  Box  ley  abbey  on  the  road.  The 
association  was  met  at  the  Town  Hall  by 
the  mayor,  corporation,  and  local  com- 
mittee. They  examined  the  ancient  char- 
ters jfind  deeds  belonging  to  the  borough  \ 
after  which  they  proceeded  to  All  Saints* 
Church,  the  peculiarities  of  which  edifice 
were  duly  explained  by  Mr.  Ashpitel.  They 
then  inspected  the  College,  and  the  ancient 
mansion  of  T.  Charles,  esq.  in  St.  Faith's- 
street,  where  a  number  of  very  valuable 
antiquities  were  examined.  They  after- 
wards proceeded  to  Hollingbourne  Church, 
and  viewed  the  ancient  tajiestry  and  other 
antiquities  of  Mr.  Roper's  farm,  going 
thence  to  Leeds  Castle,  where  they  were 
hospitably  received  by  C.  Wykeham  Martin, 
esq.  An  evening  me^^ting  was  held  in  the 
Assembly  Rooms  at  Maidstone,  where  a 
great  number  of  curiosities  and  antiquities 
were  exhibited.  Mr.  Planch^  read  a  paper 
on  the  Earls  of  Kent,  from  Odo  the  cele- 
brated Bishop  of  Bayeux,  half-brother  to 
the  Conqueror,  to  Edward,  the  late  father 
of  her  Majesty  Queen  Victoria.  Mr.  J. 
Whichcord,  juii.  read  a  paper  on  the  Poly- 
chromy  of  the  middle  ages,  illustrated  by 
reference  to  the  tomb  of  the  founder  of 
All  Saints'  Church,  Maidstone;  and  Mr. 
Brent  read  one  on  "  Canterbury,  ita  ancient 
guilds  and  fraternities." 

On  Saturday,  after  a  public  breakfast  at 
the  Crown  Inn,  the  closing  meeting  was 
held  for  the  despatch  of  the  usual  formal 
and  complimentary  business.  Two  short 
papers  were  also  read,  one  from  Mr. 
Lukis,  of  Guernsey,  on  Cromlechs ;  and 
the  other  from  Mr.  Pretty,  on  the  Dumb 
Rorsholder,  an  officer  peculiar  to  the 
county  of  Kent. 


KSSEX  ARCHAEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 

July  21.  The  third  public  gathering  of 
this  Society  took  place  at  the  ancient 
castle  at  Hedingham,  which  had  bean 
kindly  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  So- 
ciety by  its  proprietor,  Ashhurst  Ma- 
jenJie,  esq.  Excavations  in  the  pasture 
surrounding  the  castle  had  been  made 
during  the  two  preceding  days,  with  a 
view  to  trace,  as  far  as  possible,  the 
foundations  and  boundary  of  the  original 
structure.  A  variety  of  drawings  of  castles 
and  other  subjects  of  antiquarian  interest 
were  suspended  on  the  walls  of  the  hall, 
or  deposited  on  the  tables  for  the  inspec- 
tion of  the  company.     Mr.  Majendie  read 


296 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[Sept. 


a  paper  on  the  history  of  the  Cattle  (of 
which  a  plan,  and  the  aonrey  made  in  1592, 
were  given  in  our  June  magazine);  and  Mr. 
Harrod,  Secretary  of  the  Norfolk  Archso- 
logical  Society,  gave  an  explanation  of  the 
excavations.  Papers  were  read  by  the  Hon. 
R.  Neville,  on  '*  Roman  Sepulture ; "  and 
by  Professor  Mareden,  on  a  mannscript 
volume,  which  he  discovered  some  time 
ago  in  the  Castle  library  at  Colchester. 
The  book  was  without  name  or  title,  but 
upon  examination  it  proved  to  be  a  diary 
of  the  youthful  days  of  Sir  Simonds 
D*Ewes,  in  his  own  handwriting,  about 
1618-1621.  Mr.  R.  Almack  read  an  ac- 
count of  the  arms  and  quarterings  on  an 
ancient  oak  bedstead  at  Hedingham  Castle, 
showing  it  to  have  belonged  to  the  15th 
Earl  of  Oxford,  and  his  wife  Elizabeth, 
heiress  of  the  Tnissells.  He  also  explained 
the  arms  on  the  tomb  of  this  Earl  and  his 
wife  in  the  church  of  Hedingham,  showing 
how  the  different  quarterings  were  brought 
in,  and  giving  a  rei'erence  to  the  Chichele 
pedigree,  as  to  the  numerous  descendants 
of  tlus  Earl  and  Countess  who  claim  from 
her  as  founder's  kin  at  All  Souls*  College, 
Oxford.  He  next  made  reference  to  tiie 
arms  of  three  crowns  granted  for  life  to 
the  Earl  of  Oxford,  who  was  Duke  of  Ire- 
land, and  as  now  to  be  seen  on  the  porch 
of  Lavenham  Church.  Mr.  Almack  also 
produced  a  thick  old  book — a  singular 
mannscript  by  William  Tillotson,  in  1594, 
which  had  been  entrusted  to  him  by  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries,  and  which  Peter 
Muilman,  esq.  presented  to  the  Society 
in  1771 ;  and  the  contents  of  which  relate, 
in  several  instances,  to  Hedingham  and  the 
neighbourhood.  Mr.  Buckler  then  read 
an  interesting  paper  on  the  Church  of 
Maplestead,  and  the  only  three  other  cir- 
cular churches  existing  in  the  kingdom. 
The  company  adjourned  about  five  o'clock, 
and  proceeded  to  inspect,  first  the  excava- 
tions about  the  castle,  and  subsequently 
the  church  of  Castle  Hedingham,  and 
dined  at  the  Bell  Inn. 


SOCIETY  OF   ANTIdUARIES   OF   NEWCAb- 
TLE-UPON-TYNE. 

Aug.  3.  Mr.  W.  H.  D.  Longstaffe,  of 
Gateshead,  read  the  first  portion  of  an 
historical  memoir  of  *'the  New  Castle 
uponTyne:''  of  which  the  following  are 
the  leading  points.  Daring  the  Roman 
period  a  cohort  was  stationed  at  the  bridge 
of  iElius,  being  the  second  body  of  men 
per  lineam  valli.  In  the  Saxon  times  the 
king's  wick,  Ad  Murum,  was  somewhere 
close  to  the  Roman  Wall,  and  twelve  miles 
from  the  sea.  There  was  also,  in  the  time 
of  the  Conqueror,  on  the  north  side  of  the 
Tyne^  a  place  called  Muneeaceastre,  **  that 
is  (bmjs  Simeon  of  Durham)  Moneehorum 
10 


Cifriias — now  named  Neman  CasieBmm." 
In  1080  Robert  Cnrthoae,  hnring  nmdee- 
taken  a  fruitless  enterprise  against  Mal- 
colm  of  Scotland,   returned,  and    built 
**  Novum  CasteUnm  super  flomea  Tjae  " 
(Simeon),  a  municimncuia  (Horeden),  that 
it  might  be  a  resistance  agsinst  Um  Seote 
(Major).     In  1086,  the  cUto  Edgar  Bche- 
ling,  the  brother   of   St.  Margaret  (of 
Scotland),  crossed  the  sea  to  ApoUa  w^ 
200  flNt/i/et.    His  sister'Cbristina  eaterod 
the  monastery  of  Ramsey,  and  took  i^mhi 
her  the  habit  of  a  nun.     Pordnn  fonnd  it 
written,  that  Agatha,  the  mother  of  SL 
Margaret,  and  Christina  her  sister,  were 
consecrated    the    spouses    of  Christ  at 
Novum  Castrum  euper  Tyne.     In  1090, 
according  to  several  chronicles,  when  Wil- 
liam Rufus  was  in  Northumberiand  be  re- 
paired such  castles  as  the  Scots  bad  in- 
paired,  and  built  (or  finished)  the  New 
Castle  upon  Tyne.    In  1095  Rnfin  took 
money  of  the  nobles  attached  to  Mow- 
bray's rebellion  in  quedem  Jtrwnieie  fmm 
voeetur  Novum  Catieliumi  and  Mowbray 
himself  was  taken  in  attempting  to  escape 
from  Bamburgh  hither.    One  of  William's 
charters  is  dated  at  the  siege  of  Newcastte. 
In  Stephen's  reign.  King  David  of  Soot- 
land  is  said  by  Wynton  to  have  dwelt 
commonly  in  the  New  CastelL    The  bo- 
rough of  Newcastle,  and  the  castle  itself, 
are   in  the  early  rolls  invariably  styled 
Nevum  Casielium,  not  Castruwi,  In^sbop 
Poictou's  charter  to  Gateshead,  some  time 
afterwards,  Coitrum  is  struck  out,  and 
Ctutellum  inserted.      In  translating  the 
records,  Mr.  Longstaffe  renders  Noeum 
Caiieltum  without  the  orticle  '*  the,'*  and 
leaves  the  application  to  town  or  oastie 
open.     In   modem  parlance  the  article 
would  point  to  the  castle,  and  might  de- 
ceive.    In  1166,  as  appears  by  tbe  Pipe 
Rolls,  the  sum  of  100».  was  expended  on  a 
gaol  at  New  Castle.     In  1172  commenoei 
a  series  of  items  for  the  work  of  the  tower 
of  New  Castle,  amounting  in  1177,  after  a 
lapse  of  six  years,  to  892/.  18«.  9<f.     In 

1175  the  work  appears  to  have  been  suf- 
ficiently advanced  to  be  useful,   for  in 

1176  occurs  the  first  payment  for  custody 
of  New  Castle.  After  the  tower  was  com- 
pleted there  was  paid,  in  1178, 80/.  17#.  Id. 
for  the  work  of  New  Castle,  and  of  the 
gate  of  the  same  castle.  In  subsequent 
years  occur  frequent  payments  in  respect 
of  New  Castle,  and  the  emendation  of  the 
houses  of  the  king  therein.  In  1205  and 
1206  we  have  in  the  Pipe  Rolls  "the  Cas- 
tle of  New  Borough  ;"  but  in  both  cases 
the  innovation  is  erased.  In  1212-13,  the 
see  of  Durham  being  vacant,  King  John 
mulcted  its  revenues  in  the  sum  of 
132/.  18«.  lid.  for  work  of  New  Castle, 
and  of  the  tower  and  of  the  foises ;  and  in 


DrChe  king  give  hii  eichest  rents 
in  the  town  (s;.  10*.  6d.)  to  be  di.ided 
•mongal  those  "  «bo  lost  Ibeir  rcnis  bj  tbe 
reuon  of  the  foue,  aiid  of  the  neir  work 
nude  Lelov  tlie  Castle  tansrda  the  viler.'' 
lu  1240  we  come,  fur  tbe  tirst  time,  to 
tha  pajmcDt  of  ■  fee  (aO>.)  to  "  i  abapliiD 
lerilng  the  cbspet  of  New  C»stle,"'the 
Engliih  name  tben  finC  ocourriog.  In 
1399,  Dec.  36,  Jolin  fisliol  did  homage  to 
Edwird  1.  far  the  crown  of  Scotland,  in 
the  hftll  of  tbe  palscB  vitbin  the  castle  of 
Newcuile.  In  1317  or  18  tbe  bad;  of 
Gilbert  de  Midelton  nns  ordered  (o   be 

Srtered,  and  one  qunrler  sent  to  New 
tie  ;  and  in  VJ'ii,  one  cjuarter  of  Ibe 
bodf  of  Andrew  de  UartcU,  tbe  traitor 
Uui  of  Carliiile,  was  ordered  to  be  fixed 
apon  ihe  tower  of  the  Ciftle.  Early  in 
1334  Ibe  thetilT  Roger  Maiiduit  repre- 
Koited  to  the  king's  council  that  tbe  Cai- 
tla  wu  in  tore  decay,  and  all  tbe  country. 
U  it  were,  at  war.  In  June  1334  (8 
Edw.  in.),  an  important  inrvcy,  in  Nur- 
man  Frcneb.  of  which  tbe  Newcastle  So- 
ciety has  lately  obtained  u  transcript  from 
the  Tower  of  London,  was  made  before 
John  de  Denton  and  a  jnry,  and  it  de- 
•cribei  the  variong  featorea  of  the  Caslle, 
with  their  defect!,  then  reqniring  repair. 
Id  I35T.  the  "  great  pit  "  and  the  "  beron 
pit"  (irbich  were  not  bnbterrtuean,  but 
eactted  in  tbe  unwinJowed  masonry  of 
the  towers  in  whjcb  they  were  regpecCirely 
ritnated,)  were  repaired  by  tbe  bberiff. 
The  prisoneri  in  those  "  pits  "  were  let 
down,  through  trap-donra  1  and  in  the  year 
jnit  named  the  loft  floor  of  Ibe  "  great 

E't  "  had  suddenly  fallen  in.  and  "  nearly 
lied  those  who  ffere  imprisoned  beneath." 
Some  of  the  prisoners  escaped  during  tbe 
Bicbt,  while  the  repairs  were  in  progress, 
by  breaking  through  inlfm  laMna.  Tbe 
bolti  and  locks  of  ibe  trsp-doors  were 
made  of"  Spanish  iron,"  a  common  article 
of  commerce  in  that  day.  It  was  at  this 
time  that  new  galluwn  were  erected  within 
die  Cuile;  and  William  de  Wbiibnru 
mde  "  3  pair  of  minioles  and  3  greit 
bolta"  for  the  Castle  stocks.  In  l52Hlhe 
heads  and  quarters  of  seventeen  Border 
thie«ei  were  ''  caused  to  be  sett  up  upon 
the  dangeon  of  the  Cattell  of  Newcostell. 
•nd  in  sundry  other  eminent  and  open 
pUeei  most  apparent  to  the  Tien  and  sight 
of  the  people."  Mention  ia  made,  in 
I&56,  of  the  "  asayse  in  the  bye  Caatell." 
In  1SB7  "Gilbert  Heron,  vent,  prisoner 
in  the  high  Castle."  was  buried  at  St. 
Kicholaa,  In  lattS  Queen  Eliiabeth,  re- 
dting  Ihe  inconveniencea  ariiing  from  dis- 
repolable  persons  evadmg  punishment  by 
eaoapiag  into  "  an  old  and  ruinous  Cas- 
tle,'' silimle  within  the  lowD.  but  without 
IttUbcrties,  and  that  the  said  old  Castle 
GiKT.  Mac,  Tot,.  XL. 


alt,   preciuct,   s 
ambit  thereof,  were  of  no  furlber  use  lb 
for  apritoa  or  common  gaol  for  the  county 
of  Northumberland,  and  far  ths  common 
hall  called  the  "  Moat  Hall."  or  "  Hall  of 
Sessions,"  of  that  county,  giies  licence  of 

1  of  tbe  Castle,  sr  ' 


the  hi 


within 


mbit, 


her  gaol 

there,  popularly  called  Ihe  "Dungeon," 
to  seiie  tnd  punish  malefactors,  and  com- 
mit them  lo  the  gaol  of  tbe  town.  From 
ie05  to  1616  the  Castle  was  fanned  by  Ibe 
Newcastle  Company  of  Taylors  uC  II.  rent. 
In  1618,  James  I.  leased  the  Castle  fur 
nfty  years,  with  ils  sile  and  herbage,  at 
Ihe  annual  rent  oF  40>.  to  one  of  his 
countrymen,  Aleiander  Stephenson,  a  page 
nf  bis  bedchamber.  At  Ibis  period,  aa 
appears  by  the  Milbanke  M.S.,  Iherewere 
tbe  Castle   indoiure 


)utaide   tbe 


gaoler's  and  tbe  deputy  herald's  under 
Norroy   King  at   Arms  ;  but  Stevenaoni    I 

who  Lad  "begged  iheCaslleof  the  king," 
being  "  one  of  bis  Close  Stool,"  licensed 

and  award  kipper."  und  "  Thomaa  Reed, 
a  Scotch  pedlar,"  becoming,  with  otben, 
iiihabitaate  of  the  gsrth.  Surrounding  (he 
inciosure  w<s  "  a  great  stone  wall."  In 
the  IRth  year  of  James  I.  the  dunghill 
within  the  wall  had  increased  to  a  length 
of  98  yards,  a  breadth  of  32  yards,  and  a 
depth  of  10  yards  I      This  enemy  within 


the 


,mp.    <i 


:    formi 


ilhuut,  tlirew  down  the  wall  on 
the  west  tide  of  the  Cantle.  although  two 
yards  thick  [  The  damage  wss  computed 
at  l?Of.  Tbe  inquieition  ditelusing  these 
facts,  likewise  rcpri)Miita  "  the  great 
square  tower  "  to  be  "  full  of  chinks  and 
cranniea" — "  one-third  of  it  almost  taken 
■way  " — "  all  tlie  lead  and  coiering  which 
it  bad  of  oIlI,  imbeailed  and  carried  ofT, 
insomuch  as  the  prisonera  of  the  county  of 
Northumberknd  were  most  miserably 
lodged,  by  reason  of  the  showers  of  rain 
falling  upon  them."  The  Castle  was  for- 
tified against  the  Scots  in  1643*4-,  and 
the  monater  dunghill  was  removed  by  the 
mayor.  Sir  John  Marley,  to  rampart  Ihe 
town  walls.  Tbe  year  1771  found  the 
lease  nf  tbe  Castle  girlh  in  tbe  bsnda  of 
Lord  Raienaworth,  who  aold  it  to  John 
Chrlchioe  Turner  in  1779:  and  he, 
)  782,  offered  to  let  the  Castle  for  coDTcr- 
aion  into  a  windmill — suggesting  at  tint 
tame  time  that  as  there  was  "  a  good  iprtnii 
of  water  "  within  the  building,  it  was  " 
rery  eligible  situation  (or  a  brewery 
The  Half  Moon  Batlery  nui  pulled  dof 
in  17^7,  and  wan  fonnd  lu  be  of  i 
octagonal  figure,''  and  apjisreally,  "  as 
regarded  it*  ipasonry,  essentially  Roman. ' 


4 


S98 


Foreign  Newi. 


[SVt 


In  1809,  to  make  way  for  the  County 
Courts,  the  Moot-hall  shared  the  same 
fate,  and  exhibited  a  curious  mixture  of 
Roman,  Norman,  Gothic,  and  Modern 
architecture.  It  was  to  AlJerman  Fors- 
ter,  who  persuaded  the  corporation  to  pur- 
chase the  Castle,  that  the  public  owed  its 
preservation. — Mr.  LoDgstaffe's  paper  was 
pronounced  by  Dr.  Bruce  to  be  one  of  the 


moit  important  tkat  h«d  ever  bean  tmd 
before  the  Society.  In  the  second  pert, to 
be  read  at  the  next  meeting,  he  will  esa- 
mine  and  compare  the  itrnctural  eridenee 
with  the  records  and  with  analogous  works, 
and  give,  as  nearly  aa  he  can,  an  idee  of 
the  appearance  anciently  preeented  by  the 
Castle. 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


The  Duke  of  Brabant,  the  heir  to  the 
throne  of  Belgium,  has  married  the  Arch- 
duchess Henrietta  Maria,  daughter  of  the 
Archduke  Joseph,  Palatin^^  of  Hungary, 
and  cousin  of  the  Austrian  Emperor.  The 
marriage  was  performed  by  proxy  at 
Schoenbrann  on  the  10th  of  August.  The 
bride  was  then  conducted  with  great  state 
to  Verviers,  on  the  Belgian  frontier,  where 
the  was  delivered  over  with  much  cere- 
mony into  the  custody  of  the  Belgian  re- 
presentatives. The  civil  marriage  took 
place  in  the  royal  palace  at  Lacken  on  the 
22nd,  and  the  relii^ious  ceremony  followed 
on  the  name  day  in  the  church  of  S. 
Gudule  iit  Brussels,  being  performed  by 
the  Archbi.ohop  of  M alines. 

The  Emperor  oi  Anttria  was  betrothed 
on  the  19th  of  August  at  Ischl  to  the 
Prince&s  Elizabeth  Amelia  Eus^enia,  se- 
cond daugliter  of  Maximilian  Duke  of  Ba- 
varia, and  tiri't  cou»in  of  the  Emperor. 
The  bride  is  only  iu  her  Kixteenth  year, 
but  it  is  stated  that  the  marriage  will  take 
place  iu  November  next.  By  an  iin|)erial 
order  the  state  of  »>iet;e  will  cease  in  Vienna 
and  Prague  on  the  Itft  of  Septemlwr. 

I'he  disputes  between  Auutria  and  Swit- 
serland  htill  remain  unsettled,  and  the 
SwiAS  (xoveminent  has  ordered  active  mea- 
sures to  be  taken  lor  the  defence  of  the 
count  ry.  Bellinzona,  which  comninnds  the 
approich  to  the  two  passes  of  S.  Gntthard 
and  S.  Bernardino,  is  to  be  fortitiid.  It 
is  very  doubtful,  however,  ^hetiier,  in  the 
event  of  lu'tual  eollirtion.  the  ^^wi".*  Go- 
ve.-nuient  could  hold  their  ground  to  the 
south  of  tite  Alps  for  any  time. 

The  question  between  .RMSf  ia  and  Turkey 
remains  much  in  the  same  position  as  at 
the  date  of  our  laM  notice.  It  appejirs, 
however,  that  the  consent  of  the  Porte  had 
not  been,  as  we  stated,  previously  obtained 
to  the  not^r  proposed  by  the  joint  mediation 
of  England,  Fmne^,  and  Austria.  The 
fimperor  of  Rowia  has  ooBMnted  to  ac- 


cept the  note  as  proposed,  bat  It  yet 
remains  doubtful  whether  the  Porte  will 
submit  to  it  without  annexing  cooditiona 
as  to  the  prior  evacuation  of  the  principa- 
lities which  will  not  be  acceptable  to  the 
Emperor.  In  the  meantime  the  main  bodr 
of  the  Russian  army  has  marched  throogn 
Moldavia  into  Wallachia,  and  has  estab- 
lished itself  on  the  northern  bank  of  the 
Danube,  fortifying  some  islands  in  the 
river  which,  it  is  said,  belong  to  Turker. 
This  army  is  reported  to  consist  of  1 10,000 
men  with  32  batteries.  The  Hospodar  of 
Moldavia  has  notified  to  the  Porte  that  the 
principality  considers  itself  inde{)endent  of 
Turkey,  and  will  withhold  the  payment  of 
tribute.  A  similar  resolution,  it  was  ex- 
pected, would  be  signified  hy  Wallachia. 
The  Ku.ssian  Government  has,  moreover, 
decreed  that  those  principalities  shall  have 
the  a'iSiistance  of  a  Board  of  Government 
to  be  appointed  by  the  (yzar. 

The  Russians  are  preparing  for  another 
campaign  against  the  insurgents  of  the 
Caucanua^  and  have  demanded  from  the 
Shah  of  Penia  the  ces.«ion  of  a  province 
on  the  shores  of  the  Caspian  Sea  in  satis- 
faction of  an  allo:;ed  debt. 

The  Exhibition  of  the  Cryatal  Paiaet 
at  New  York  wa>  opened  on  the  14th  of 
July  h>  the  President  of  tl»e  United  States, 
attended  by  several  of  his  ministers,  the 
Governors  of  Stales,  and  other  authorities. 
Sir  Charlfs  Lyell,  Professor  Wilson,  Mr. 
Dilke,  and  other  foreiicn  commissioners 
were  present,  but  Lonl  Ellesmere  was  un- 
fiirtMiiHtely  confined  to  his  iiotel  by  illness. 
The  ceremony  rommenreil  wirh  a  prayer 
offered  by  the  Right  Rev.  W.  Wainwriicht, 
Bisiiop  of  New  York  ;  after  which  Mr. 
Sedgwick,  the  piepiilent  of  thi*  Association 
for  the  Exhiljition,  made  a  vrry  eloquent 
address,  to  which  the  Prii«ideiit  respmiiied  ; 
and  the  Hallelujah  chortle  w.is  then  per- 
formed by  the  s  icred  mu>ic  societies.  The 
Amencan  Exhibition  ^  '  apecuU- 


18M0 


Domestic  Occurreneei. 


299 


nailer  «  ohtrter  granted  by  the  le- 
gialatim  to  «  oompany  calling  themselves 
tke  *<  AMoeiation  for  the  Exhibition  of  the 
Indostrj  of  all  Nationi;"  but  the  stock 
ia  diatribnted  into  so  many  hands,  that  it 
gains  much  of  the  character  of  a  national 
nndertaking.  The  baildiog  is  entirely  con- 
stmeted  of  iron  and  glass ;  its  general 
idea  ia  a  Ghreek  Cross,  surmounted  by  a 
dome  at  the  intersection.  Each  diameter 
of  the  cross  is  365  feet  long,  and  each 
arm  of  the  cross  is  on  the  ground  plan 
149  feet  broad,  divided  into  a  central  nave 
and  aiales.  The  central  portion  is  carried 
up  to  the  height  of  67  feet :  the  central 
dome  is  100  feet  in  diameter,  and  on  the 
outside,  with  the  lantern,  149  feet  high. 
The  exterior  angles  of  the  building  are 
iogeniously  filled  up  with  a  triangular 
lean-to,  24  feet  high,  which  giveH  the 
ground  plan  an  octagonal  shape.  At  each 
angle  is  an  octagonal  tower  8  feet  in  di- 
ameter, and  75  feet  high.  The  building 
contains,  on  the  ground  floor,  111,000 
square  feet  of  space,  and  in  its  galleries 
62,000  square  feet  more,  making  a  total 
area  of  173.000  square  feet,  for  the  pur- 
poses of  exhibition. 

On  the  loth  of  July  a  destructive  earth- 
quake took  place  at  Cumana,  in  Venezu- 
elm,  A  great  part  of  the  city  is  in  ruins, 
and  about  800  persons  were  estimated  to 
have  perished,  among  whom  was  Colonel 
Paes  and  a  company  of  artillery.    The 


disaster  is  said  to  have  pnt  a  atop  to  the 
civil  war. 

The  blockade  of  BuenoH  Ayrtt  ceased 
on  June  20,  by  Urquisa's  squadron  going 
over  to  the  legal  government.  Urquiza'a 
resources  are  said  to  be  quite  exhausted, 
and  there  appears  a  prospect  of  a  return 
of  peace  to  this  unfortunate  locality. 

From  India  we  hear  that  the  King  of 
Ava  has  made  submission  and  begged  for 
peace.  This  result  has  been  brought  about 
by  the  blockade  of  the  river  Irawaddy, 
which  had  nearly  caused  a  famine  iu  Bur- 
mah.  The  British  Government  is  to  be 
confirmed  in  the  possession  of  Pegu,  and 
the  army  has  been  ordered  to  be  placed  on 
a  peace  establishment. 

Sir  Charles  Grey  has  been  recalled  from 
the  government  oi  Jamaica,  He  is  suc- 
ceeded by  Henry  Barkly,  esq.  whose  ad- 
ministration of  British  Guiana  under  cir- 
cumstances of  similar  difficulty  has  been 
signally  successful. 

The  accounts  from  the  Cape  qf  Good 
Hope  continue  peaceful.  The  new  consti- 
tution was  legally  promulgated  on  the  1st 
of  July,  and  appears  to  give  satisfuction 
to  the  colonists. 

The  gold  diggings  of  Australia  continue 
as  productive  as  ever.  All  prices,  especially 
at  Port  Philip,  have  risen  enormously,  and 
great  distress  has  been  experienced  by 
newly-arrived  emigrants. 


DOMESTIC   OCCURRENCES. 


July  27.  A  large  circus  or  amphitheatre 
upwards  of  270  feet  in  circumference, 
which  had  been  erected  in  the  gardens  of 
the  Rosemary- Branch,  in  Islington  fields, 
was  destroyed  by  fire.  Its  erection  had 
cost  between  3000/.  and  4000/. 

On  the  same  day  the  streets  of  London 
presented  an  extraordinary  appearance,  in 
consequence  of  the  total  withdrawal  of  the 
public  Cabriolettj  which  are  now  3000  in 
number.  It  occasioned  very  great  incon- 
venience at  the  railway  stations.  The 
object  of  the  proprietors  was  to  make 
better  terms  in  the  Public  Carriages  Bill 
then  pending  in  Parliament.  The  strike 
continued  for  four  days,  when,  on  the 
evening  of  the  30th  of  July,  the  Com- 
mittee of  the  Trade  came  to  a  resolution 
to  resume  their  work.  The  government 
conceded  the  principal  point  of  their  de- 
mands, namely,  a  back-fare  for  distances 
beyond  four  miles  in  a  radius  from  Cbaring- 
cross.  The  fare  for  two  persons  is  reduced 
to  6d.  a  mile,  with  an  additional  6<2.  for 
the  whole  hiring  for  every  person  above 


two,  and  two  children  are  to  be  considered 
as  one  adnlt  person.  The  proprietor  of 
every  hackney  carriage  or  metropolitan 
^tage-carriage  who  shall  withdraw  his  car- 
riage from  hire  for  two  consecutive  days 
iu  one  week,  without  just  cause,  will  be 
liable  to  a  penalty  of  SOf.  for  each  day, 
and  the  licence  to  be  suspended,  or  re- 
called, at  the  discretion  of  the  Commis- 
sioners of  Police.  In  case  a  proprietor 
intends  to  withdraw  his  cab  from  hire,  he 
must  previously  give  ten  days'  notice. 

Aug.  1.  Judgment  was  given  in  the 
case  of  the  E^rl  of  Guildford,  Master  of 
the  Hoepital  of  St.  CrotSf  near  Win- 
chester. The  Master  of  the  Rolls  de- 
scribed the  Consuetudinarium  of  1696,  on 
which  the  charity  had  since  been  adminis- 
tered on,  as  one  of  the  most  nefarious 
deeds  the  court  had  ever  seen, — a  moat 
wicked  and  shameful  perversion  of  benevo- 
lent intentions;  and  said  that  his  judg- 
ment should  this  time  be  clear  and  unmis- 
takeable.  An  injunction  must  be  granted 
to  restrain  the  granting  of  any  iMsea  or 


i 


300 


Domestic  Occurrenc$$. 


[Sept. 


fines  of  the  property  of  the  charity,  and 
an  inquiry  would  be  directed  as  to  the 
leases  now  existing,  and  as  to  the  present 
state  of  the  institution  and  the  approprla' 
tion  of  its  funds.  The  court  could  not  go 
further  back  in  calling  for  accounts  than 
the  filing  of  the  information.  From  that 
time,  however,  the  master  would  be  called 
upon  to  account  for  all  the  rents  received 
by  him,  and  for  the  expenses  of  keeping 
the  buildings  in  repair,  &c.  The  master 
would  not  bis  called  upon  to  pay  costs,  but 
he  would  not,  of  course,  receive  any.  The 
costs  of  the  Bishop  of  Winchester  would 
come  out  of  the  funds. 

On  the  same  day  the  Master  of  the 
Rolls  also  gave  judgment  in  the  case  of 
the  Bwelme  Hoipitaif  which  was  to  deter- 
mine whether  the  right  of  presentation 
to  the  mastership  rested  in  the  Crown  or 
in  the  University  of  Oxford,  or  in  the 
Earl  of  Mscclesfield,  who,  in  1821,  pur- 
chased the  manor  of  the  Crown.  James  L 
had  granted  by  letters  patent  the  right  of 
presentation  to  the  University  of  Oxford. 
This  right  had  not  been  disturbed,  and 
the  judgment  of  the  court  must  be  that  in 
the  University  it  still  continued,  and  that 
a  scheme  for  the  better  managemnt  of  the 
Charity  should  be  referred  to  the  Master. 

Aug,  3.  A  hall  erected  in  Thurland 
Street,  Nottinghamy  was  formally  opened 
by  the  Mayor  and  Corporation  as  a 
General  Exchange.  A  public  dinner  after- 
wards took  place,  at  which  the  members  for 
the  town,  Mr.  Walter  and  Mr.  Cheetham, 
were  present. 

Aug.  11.  Queen  Victoria  reviewed  a 
great  vrar-flect  at  Spithead^  in  the  presence 
of  a  floating  crowd  which  fairly  represented 
the  English  nation, — its  most  spirited 
gentry  in  their  yachts;  its  flourishing 
traders  in  the  commercial  steamers ;  its 
sturdy  sailors  in  their  own  ships ;  and  the 
two  Houses  of  Parliament  in  vessels  spe* 
oially  assii^ned  to  them.  In  the  last  ex- 
perimental squadron  of  1845  there  was  but 
one  screw  steamer.  Of  the  twenty-five  ships 
assembled  on  this  occasion  three  were  great 
sbips-of-the-line  of  the  old  construction, 
nine  were  propelled  by  paddles,  thirteen 
by  screw.  There  were  no  less  than  1076 
guns,  the  smallest  32-pounders,  but  as 
large  as  the  largest  used  in  the  g^eat  sea- 
fights  by  which  our  anceston  won  the 
sovereignty  of  the  seas.  The  largest  throw 
84-pound  shells,  which  would  be  104- 
pounders  if  solid  shot  were  used  ;  and  the 
frightful  destructive n ess  of  these  missiles 
may  be  imagined,  exploding  on  concussion 
according  to  Captain  Moorsom's  recent 
invention.  There  were  employed  the  power 
of  9680  horses,  (nominally,  but  in  reality 
nearly  double  that  amount,)  40,207  tons 
if  shipping,   and   ships'   companies  that 


should  altogether  have  amounted  to  10,423 
hands,  although  the  actual  numben  pro- 
bably fell  short  of  that  by  1000.  Hie 
weight  of  force  embodied  in  such  a  fleet  is 
perhaps  only  paralleled  by  the  range  to 
which  its  operations  can  now  extend,  and 
by  the  increase  to  the  rapidity  and  certainty 
of  its  movements.  Over  this  machine^ 
gigantic  in  its  dimensions  and  power,  the 
commanding  mind  is  enabled  to  carry  iti 
control  to  every  part,  by  a  perfection  of 
discipline  and  training,  animated  with  a 
hearty  and  obedient  intelligence.  There 
is  not  the  slightest  reason  to  suppose  that 
the  race  of  Englishmen  endowed  with  naval 
genius,  which  has  been  ever  found  when 
wanting,  from  the  day  of  Blake  to  that  of 
Nelson,  is  extinct;  but  never  yet  did  any 
Nelson  wield  in  his  hand  so  suggestive  a 
machinery. 

The  Military  Camp  at  Chobham  was 
broken  up  on  Saturday  the  20\h  August, 
the  total  number  of  16,000  men,  in  two 
divisions,  baring  been  exercised  there 
during  the  summer.  The  General  Com- 
manding in  Chief  has  conveyed  to  Oeut.- 
Gen.  Lord  Seaton  and  the  officers  and  men 
the  Queen's  approbation  of  their  military 
training  on  all  the  occasions  when  Her 
Majesty  passed  the  troops  in  review,  and 
his  own  satisfaction  at  the  perfect  state  of 
discipline  which  they  have  exhibited. 

Aug.  14.  A  feaiful  fire  occurred  at 
Dover t  on  the  premises  of  Messrs.  Walker 
and  Co.  oil-merchants  and  seed-cnishem, 
situate  under  the  cliffs.  The  heat  of  the 
flames  detached  large  masses  of  chalk,  and 
it  was  feared  that  many  persons  had  been 
crushed  by  their  fall :  but  the  alarm  fortu- 
nately proved  groundless. 

Aug,  15.  A  very  serious  accident  oc- 
curred in  the  Cry tial  Palace  at  Sgdenham, 
where  the  works  were  proceeding  for  the 
great  arches  intended  to  span  the  North 
transept.  They  are  of  130  feet  span,  and 
the  men  were  at  work  at  the  height  of  102 
feet  from  the  floor.  The  trusses  had  been 
erected  for  seven  arches,  and  two  arches 
were  already  in  their  place.  The  latter 
remained  "firm,  but  the  fifth,  sixth,  and 
seventh  trusses  suddenly  gave  way,  carry- 
ing with  them  about  twenty  men,  of  whom 
ten  were  killed  on  the  spot,  and  two  others 
have  since  died  in  Guy^s  Hospital.  One 
man  escaped  without  any  serious  injury. 
Two  coroner's  inquests  have  returned  ver- 
dicts of  Accidentid  Death.  None  of  the 
engineers  or  workmen  who  have  been  ex- 
amined have  been  able  to  assign  a  cause 
for  the  accident,  all  the  materials  and 
workmanship  being  pronounced  of  the 
best  description.  Sir  Charles  Fox  stated 
that  he  haid  previously  raised  arches  of 
greater  span  (365  feet)  on  a  permanent 
bridge  of  the  Great  Northern  Railway. 


JO 


Domatic  Oecwrencei. 


Oil  Hie  19tli  Aug.  the  Uouic  uf  Lards 
deliiered  iU  jndgneiit  in  the  great  cue  of 
Bferlon  r.  Brownlavr,  in  which  property 
ta  tbe  nmouDl  of  3.000,000/.  was  con- 
eenedi  id  Tavucr  of  tbe  pcetent  Lord  Al- 
hti.  Lord  Lyndbant  moird  Ihut  the 
COUdiliiiD  ia  the  Earl  of  Brideewater'i 
will,  which  dirrcled  ■  forfeiture  of  the  ei- 
Ittei  in  cue  tbe  Ule  Lord  Alford  ihould 
die  without  acquiring  (he  lilte  of  Mirqnesa 
01  Dake  of  Bridgcwaler,  wal  a  cDbditioti 
"  labsequenl,"  and  being  againit  "  pub- 
lic pollc;,"  could  not  be  enforced.  Tbe 
jadgmesE  mored  by  Lord  Lyndbiirst  waa 
Duried,  altbongb  tbe  Lord  Chancellor  and 
amajority  uf  the  Judges'  aiiiaioni  were 
ilmt  the  protiso  wu  &  coudillon  precedent. 
Lorda  Brough am, Truro,  aud  St.  Leonsrd't 
IKHncidcd  with  Lord  Lyudhant. 

Auff.  ZO.  Tbia  day  the  BCmion  of  Par- 
Uunant  wu  doted  by  commiagion,  wben 
tbe  liOrd  Chancellor  read  the  followiug 
"le  part  of  her  Majesty : — 


■hirti  hu  r««itly  MJ«n  M 


ontlnuaiKe  of  which 


bt,  and  ratyipg  od  tlia  en 


cougratul 


arUafciwMulthi 
n  Bnrmah  haa  bi 


k>  Her  lUleit 


ca  In  FartlaDunt. 


,1X' . 

ym  Wm  appllaa  yonnelrM  It 

I  of  manT  latflecls  of  greml  Ini 

elHimhUeiralikre. 


vliicli  tended  to  cramp  Gho  opentionii  of  trwle  ajitl 
iBdnMrjr,  tod  hare  itTCn  ft«>b  extenilon  lo  a 
HMem  at  MneDnnt  lagdlallsD.  and  lian  largel}- 
faenaad  Die  mcwu  ol  oMalnlng  llie  noMSBrlu 
at  Uh.  Tlie  pnirSalon  wbleb  yon  hare  made  lor 
laaaUiic  Uie  iteraaeda  of  the  public  wrvlce.  net 
giily  IB  the  jnmaa  but  al»  lu  (atnre  yean.  It  of  a 

■Bd  ttenGj  loaidX  cenuUdatlng  Ibe  itrengtli' 
and  rcnoureea  of  Ibe  empire.  Tbe  bnoTani  vtate 
of  th«  rennue,  and  Uw  iteady  onfKM  o(  oar 
tonlni  trade.  a«  pnnh  of  the  wWmo  of  ibe  am- 
uiaitM  inllCTHow  Brmly  eMabllnbed ;  while  the 
pronrtqr  wfaick  pemidea  Uw  i;nat  Indliig  and 
timeUf  dauM,  hapDlly  wiltaont  even  a  pertlal 
txovUea,  aSbrdi  conilniDed  and  iuovaMeg  «l- 
taKs  of  Ibe  enbuBVl  aaaARia  of  the  people. 

"  Tbe  nMaiura  wbkh  yim  han  pn«d  for  Ibe 
falanflDremiuantiif  India  baa  been  readSj  aanc- 
DoDM  V  Her  HaJeaiT,  bi  (bo  pemuuWii  tbai  li 
wal  pnvi  Id  hare  Iwoi  iriaely  framed,  and  thai  It 
la  «^  ealculaivd  to  prooMte  Uie  ImprorepKiDt  luul 
wri&n  of  Her  M^teslf**  Eeaierti  deuilnloni. 

"  "h  Vajeity  rraarda  vlth  peculUr  sUibction 
— ^■--  ygn  g|,e  made  for  Ibe  belter  ad- 


>  Her  tUJeaty  eonlemplit«  with  gnteftd  tBlL 
tkin  and  Ihankfalneaa  to  Alnd^Iy  Ood.tl 
nqnllUtr  vbloh  preriOb  thnniElionl  her  don 
la,  IngetbiT  villi  thai  peacefel  Indoita?  an 


protrarled  and      Her  Ka|e*^  to  pronwie  Ih 


IbapnntHini  r 

mWBraliiin  M  . 

WUtlt  ealaol  l«  The  Jod  and  bentOclal  om  o( 

pcopCTty  flet  anrl  for  me  purposed  ofdtarlty  ami 

wUdi  Bar  Hafealy  li  peranaded  that.  In  jovi 
wMom,  Ton  haie  now  (ppUnl  an  eBklEnt  n 
'"  OaiOaiim  0/  Ot  Mam  if  Cwiwiwu,— ' 
coomanded  by  Her  Majcaly  le  Uiairli  fou 
■Bppltn  "Mcli  jm.  h.vi'  [iranlBcl  far  Ihe  ■ 


rMMTe  rreu  bei  all 


happlDeH  of  her  people." 

[V^The  Timea  enumeratea  aa  thi 

mineut  reanlti  of  tbe  Seision, 

settled  for  cTer  the  long-ieied 

Free  Trade,  iboliBbed  ■  heavy  duty 

Soap,    reduced  one   on  Tea,  re-arranged' 

the  Income  Tax  and  provided  a  permanent 

subititDte,    mollified    the   greater  part  of 

our  Cuetoms  and  E:[ci9f ,  including  those 

very  itupurtanl  parta  which 

public  preaa  of  the  country  and  the  pubtto 

vehicles  of  Ihe  metropolia  1  remodelled  '  " 

conitiluiion   of  our  Indi       ~ 

maied  the  Init  rettrictloni 

and  rcBcucd  ihi 

Traits  from  malteraation. 

The  Curparation  of  London  are  now 
actively  engaged  forming  the  New  Stnllh- 
JieldMariel  in  CopeiihaBen -fields.  The 
gruuad  has  be«D  purchased  for  65,D00f. 
and  Copenhagen  Houie  and  grounds  are 
now  entirely  gone.  The  sewerage  has 
been  contracted  for  by  the  CommlsslDoera 
of  Sewers,  and  Ibe  works  hare  alreadj 
commenced.  The  entire  cost  of  the  " —  " 
lion  of  Ibe  new  inatkeC  will  be  343, 
it  will  contain  lairs  for  3,000  bull 
■nd  pens  for  42,000  sheep ;  the 
from  tolls,  rent,  &c  It  put  d 
18,350/,  ;  Ihe  annual  cost  of  mana 
lied  at  4,3:0/.  Icaring  ■  ol 
nasi  income  of  l4,0Ua/.  to  the  Coi 
tion.  It  is  expected  that  tlie  new 
will  be  completed  and  ready  for 
at  Midaammer,  IS51. 


1  of 

the   I 

ad 


S02 


PROMOTIONS,  PREt'ERMENTS.  &c. 


(xAZETTE  PrBFERIIBNTS. 

Jwly  96.  Brevet,  Ctpt.  K.  Roche,  balf-pay 
Unatt.  (late  on  8taff  of  Major-Gen.  Sir  J. 
Ttaackwell,  6.C.B.),  to  have  the  rank  of  Major 
in  the  Army. 

Jn/y  37.  Royal  Artillerv.  Lient.-Col.  T. 
Grantham  to  be  Colonel;  brevet  Uent.-Col. 

C.  II.  Burnaby  to  be  tieut.-Coloncl. 
Jii/^S9.    Brevet,  Capt.  J.  D.  G.Tulloch,  h.  p. 

84tb  Foot,  aerving^  with  local  rank  of  Major 

alilitary  Superintendent  of  Henaionera  in 
orth  America),  to  have  the  local  rank  of 
Lieat.-Colonel  in  North  America;  Capt.  J.  J. 
Graham,  h.  p.  Unatt.,  Staff  OfRcer  of  Pensionera 
at  London,  Canada  Weat,  to  be  Major  in  the 
Army. 

JuiuQ9.  13th  Dragoons,  brevet  Lieut.-Col- 
W.  H.  Tottenham  to  be  Laeut.-Coionel ;  Capt. 

D.  A  Monro  to  be  Major ;  M^or  L.  Fyler  to 
be  Major.— 43d  Foot,  brevet  Lieut. -Col.  R.  N. 
Phillipa  to  be  Lieut.-Coionel ;  brevet  Maior  G. 
Talbot  to  be  Major.  —  74th  Foot.  Major  O. 
Monkland  to  be  Lient.-Colonel ;  brevet  Major 
F.  W.  L.  Hancock  to  be  Major. 

9d  Royal  Cheahire  Militia,  Capt.  George 
Francis  Stuart,  late  of  49th  Foot,  and  Capt. 
Georre  Cornwall  Leeh,  MP.,  from  the  lat 
Reciment  of  Royal  Cheshire  Militia,  to  be 
Miuora.— Devon  Militia  Artillery,  William  Hole 
to  be  MjOoc-— Durham  Militia  Artillery,  H. 
Stobart,  eaq.,  late  of  Royal  Artillery,  to  be 
Captain  Commandant,  with  the  rank  of  Major. 
—Mid-Lothian  Yeomanry  Cavalry,  liOrd  Aber- 
dour  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel  Commandant.— 
Artillery  Battalion  of  Sussex  Militia,  Lieut.- 
Col.  George  Kirwan  Carr  to  t>e  Lieut.-Colonel 
Commandant.— 3d  Warwickahire  Militia,  J. 
Atty,  esq.,  late  Capt.  53d  Foot,  to  be  Major.— 
The  Duke  of  Wellinrton  to  be  Lient.-Colonel 
Commandant  of  the  victoria  Riflea,  and  George 
Drummond,  esq.  Due  de  Melfort,  to  be  Major 
in  the  same. 

Auff,  1.  William  John  Law,  e8<i.  to  be  Chief 
Commissioner  for  the  Relief  of  Insolvent 
Debtors,  vice  Reynolds,  esq.  resigned.— Fran- 
cis Slack  Murphy,  esi|.  serjeant-at-law,  to  be 
one  of  the  Commisaioners  for  the  Relief  of 
Inaolvent  Debtors. 

Auff.  S.  The  Hon.  Frederick  Bruce,  now 
Cbarg^  d' Affaires  and  Consul-Ueneral  to  the 
Orienul  Republic  of  the  Uruguay,  to  be  Agent 
and  Consul-General  in  Fgypt. 

Aug.  5.  94th  Foot,  Major-Gen.  W.  Staveley, 
C.B.  to  be  Colonel. 

Aug-  8.  The  Right  Hon.  Duncan  McNeill, 
Lord  Juatice  General  of  Scotland,  sworn  of  the 
Privy  Council.— The  Rev.  William  Paraona 
Warburton,  M.A.  tobeone  of  Her  Majeaty's 
Inspectors  of  Schools.— Knighted.John  Forbes, 
esqrM.D.,  D.CL ,  and  FR.S.,  Physician  to 
Her  Majesty's  Household,  and  Physician  Rx- 
traordiiiary  to  hia  Royal  Highueaa  Prince 
Albert ;  and  James  Lomax  Bardsley,  eaq.  M.D. 
of  Manchester. 

Aug.  9.  Sir  Henry  Barkly,  K.C.B.  (some 
time  Governor  of  British  Guiana),  to  be  Cap- 
Uin-G«neral  and  Governor-in-Chief  of  Jamaica 
and  its  dependencies. 

Aug.  10.  Francia  Karl  of  Vt  emyss  and  March 
to  t>e  Lieutenant  and  Sheriff  Pnnapal  of  the 
shire  of  Peeblea.— 1  he  S:id  Regiment  of  Foot 
to  bear  on  the  regimental  colour  and  appoint- 
ments the  crest  and  inutiu  of  the  late  Duke  of 
Wellington. 

At^f.  IS.  The  Rev.  George  Winne  Langmesd 
CMBciating  Chaplain  to  the  Camp  of  Cbobbam' 
to  be  a  CommisAiuned  Chaplain  to  the  Forces* 


— Uettt.-Col.  Arthur  Cnnliffe  Pole,  of  the  esd 
Foot,  baa  aasomed  the  name  of  Van  Notteo, 
and  IS  to  be  styled  Arthur  Cnnliffe  Van  Notten 

Po'^-  — 

Aug.  15.    Royal  Marines,  brevet  Major  Tho- 

maaHurdle,  Capt.  Thomaa  Peard  Dwyer.  Gapt. 
William  Clendon,  and  Capt.  John  Land  to^ 
Lieut.-Colonels. 

Aug.  16.  The  Right  Rev.  William  Lord 
Blahop  of  Limerick,  the  Right  Hon.  John 
Hatchell,  and  Montifort  Longlield,  esq.  Q.C., 
to  be  Commissioners  of  National  Education  in 
Ireland.  rtVe  the  Archbishop  of  Dublin,  Mr. 
Blackburne,  and  Baron  Greene.— Thomaa  Gra- 
ham, esq.  to  be  Crown  Commiaaioner,  Sur- 
veyor, and  Engineer,  for  the  Turks  and  Caicoi 
laianda.- William  S.  Field,  eaq.  to  be  Sob-Col- 
lector  of  Customs  at  Port  Eliiabeth  ;  and  Louis 
Henry  Meurant,  esq.  to  be  Resident  Magis- 
trate of  Stockenstrom  District,  in  the  divifion 
of  Fort  lieaufort,  in  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.~ 
John  Bird,  esq.  to  be  Chief  Clerk  in  the  offict 
of  the  Ck)lonial  Secretary,  and  Clerk  of  the 
Legialative  Council;  and  Geonre  MacleroTt 
eaq.  to  be  Regiatrar  of  Deeds  for  NaUl  in  Sooth 
Africa. 

Aug.  30.  The  Right  Hon.  Sir  John  RomillT, 
.Maater  of  the  Rolls,  Sir  William  Erie  and  Sir 
Charles  Crompton,  Knt.  Justices  of  the  Qnccn't 
l^nch,  the  Hon.  Henry  Fittroy,  Henry  Singer 
Keating,  esq.  Q.C.,  John  Herbert  Ko«.  esq. 
Q.C.,  Alflred  Septimus  Dowling,  esq.  senmnt- 
at-law.  John  Pitt  Taylor,  esq.,  and  Joseph 
Randolph  Mullings,  esq.,  to  be  Commiasioncn 
for  inquiring  into  the  state  and  practice  of 
County  Courts. 

Aug.  23.  The  Right  Hon.  Spencer  Horatio 
Walpole,  Sir  George  Rose,  Knt..  Clement  Tnd- 
way  Swauston,  eaq.  Q.C.,  Matbew  Davenport 
Hill,  esq  Q C,  Jamea  Bacon,  eaq.  Q.C..  Ed- 
ward Holroyd,  eaq.  (Commissioner  of  Bank- 
ruptcy, Edward  Cooke,  esq.  barriater-at-law, 
and  George  Carr  Glyn,  esq.,  to  be  Commls- 
aionera  for  inquiring  into  the  Law  of  Bank* 
ruptcy.— William  Nanaon  Welsby,  esq.  bar- 
riater-at-law,  William  John  Williama,  eso.  In- 
spector of  Prisons,  and  William  Baly,  M.D. 
Medical  Superintendent  of  Millbank  Prison, 
to  be  Commissioners  fur  inquiring  into  Bir- 
mingham Borough  Prison. 

Aug.  34.  Brevet,  Major-Gen.  W.  Stavely  to 
have  local  rank  of  Lieut.-General  at  Madraa 
(where  he  has  been  appointed  Commander-in- 
Chief ).— Major-Gen.  J.  Jackaon,  K.H  to  have 
local  rank  of  Lieut.-General  at  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope. 


Henry  Appleton  Wallia,  esq.  to  be  one  of  tht 
Sheriffs  of  Loudon  and  Middlesex,  Hc«  Turntoy. 


Member*  returned  to  serve  in  Parliam§ni. 

C/i/Arroe.— Lerendre  Nich.  Starkie,  Jnn.  esq. 
CorA.—F.  M.  Beamish,  es<|. 
Dungartnn  —John  Francia  Maguire.  esq. 
Peterborough.— '\\\om%on  Hankey,  Jun.  esq. 
fntijfortteM.  (SoutM).—Uon.  E.  R.  Littleton. 
Stamford —ijurA  Hubert  Gaacoigne  Cecil. 


Naval  Prepermbnts. 

Aug.  1.  Lieut.  George  O.  PoppleweU  to  be 
Commander  in  the  Inflexible. 

Aua,  3.  (>)mm.  J.  .M.  D.  Skene  to  the  Phi- 
toBeT. 

Aug  t.    Comm.   Matthew  Connolly  (1858), 


1858.] 


Ecclesuistical  Preferments, 


808 


neeoUy  promoted  from  First  Lieutenant  of 
ite  PbMton  to  the  President  50. 

Am0.  8.  Retr-Adm.  David  Price  to  be  Com- 
mtnder4o-Cliief  in  the  Pacific,  and  Capt. 
Richtrd  Burridge,  his  flai;- Captain,  in  ttie 
Prtvioeot  50. 

Am0.  15.  Coram.  William  Houston  Stewart 
nUBif  to  the  Prince  Regent  90.  at  Portsmouth ; 
Cooim.  Thomas  Wilson  (1843).  to  the  ranic  of 
Cntain;  Lieut.  BIphinston  D'O.  D*A.  Apiin 
0845),  to  the  ranic  or  Commander. 

M^,  19.  Capt.  Henry  Bvam  Martin,  CB. 
it  promoted  to  be  a  Commodore  of  the  Second 
Class,  and  appointed  to  hoist  his  broad  pen- 
dant on  board  the  Dulce  of  Wellinf^ton,  131, 
•crew  steamship,  as  a  marlc  of  Her  Majesty's 
approbation  of  thedisting[uishedpart  Iieper- 
iDrmed  at  the  recent  review  of  the  Fleet.— 
The  Ibllowinip  promotions  also  have  been  made 
on  the  same  occasion :  Coram.  Henry  Caldwell 
(1847)i  of  the  Prince  Regent  90,  to  the  ranlc  of 
CkptaJn;  Lieut.  George  Mason  (1897)»  First 
Ltentenant  of  the  Victory  flag  shin  at  Port«- 
month,  and  David  Miller  (1840),  First  Lieu- 
tenant of  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  to  the  rank 
of  Commander;  Henrv  E.  Bacon  (18S0),  First 
Mate  of  the  Prince  Regent,  and  Charles  R. 
Tockey  (1851).  First  Mate  of  the  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington, to  the  rank  of  LieuteoantH.— Capt. 
Hon.  Fred.  T.  Pelham  (1810),  to  command  ttie 
Blenheim  80,  screw  steam-guardship. 


BOCLBBIASTiCAL  PrBFERMKNTS. 

Hon.  and  Rev.  F.  N.  Clements.  Hon.  Canon  of 

Durham. 
Hon.   and  Rev.  J.  H.  Nelson,  St.  Mary  R. 

Trimley.  Suffolk. 
Ven.  J.  Sandford,  Grimley  V.  w.   Hallow  C. 

and  Christ's  Chapel,  Worcester. 
Rev.  J.  A.  Seller,  Canonry  of  Perth,  and  Rector 

of  the  Cathedral  Grammar  School. 
Rev.  H.  H.  Westmore,  Minor  Canon  of  Man- 
chester. 
Rev.  H.  Alford,  Quebec  Chapel,  Marylebonc. 
Bev.  F.  E.  Arden,  West  Beckham  P.C.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  W.  R.  Arrowsroith.  Byton  R  Herefordsh. 
Rev.  C.  B.  Barrow,  Barwell  R.  w.  Stapleton  C. 

and  Moreton  C.  Leicestershire. 
Rev.  A.  H.  Bellman,  Henham  V.  Essex. 
Rev.  A.  Braddell.  St.  Martin-at-Palace   P.C. 

Norwich. 
Rev.  T.  Brooke,  Ballyseedy  V.  dio.  Ardfert. 
Rev.  G.  Brown.  St.  John's  P.C  Darlington, 

Durham. 
Rev.  J.  Buckley,  Sopworth  K.  Wilts. 
Rev.  W.  Callendar,  HIackmore  P.C.  Essex. 
Rev.  C.  H.  Carr,  St.  John  P.C.  Limehouse, 

Middlesex. 
Rev.R.Collis.Clontuskart  R.andV.dioClonfert. 
Rev.  J.  Coombes,   St.    Mary    Magdalene  V. 

Wiggenhall,  Norfolk. 
Rev.  W.  Craig,  Free  Church  P.C.  Derry. 
Rev.  O.  B.  Dawson,  Gilbertstown  R.  w.  Aghade 

dio.  Leighlin. 
Rev.  R.  Dugdale,  Crofis-Canonby  P.C.  Cumb. 
Rev.  W.  E.  Edwards,  Orleton  V.  llerefordNh. 
Rev.  E.  K.  Elliott,  Broadwater  R.  Sussex. 
Rev.  J.  E.  A.  Fenwick,  Christ  Churrli   P.C. 

Needwood,  Staffordshire. 
Rev.  K.  Gale,  St.  Andrew  P.C.  North  Horton, 

Yorkshire. 
Rev.  F.  Gipps,  Corbridge  V.  w.   Ilalton  C. 

Northumberland. 
Rev.  G«  Hales,  Birch  P.C.  Lancashire- 
Rev.  E.  Hanson,  Thaxted  V.  Essex. 
Rev.  L.  M.  Hogg,  Cranford  St.  Andrew  R.  w. 

St.  John  R.  Northamptonshire. 
Rev.  W.  Holdsworth,  Clifton  R.  Notts. 
Rev.  R.  C.  Hubbersty.  Helpstone  V.   North- 
amptonshire. 
Rev.  J.  Hughes,  Longcot  P.C.  Berks. 


Rev.W.G.  F.  Jenkyn,  Ingatestone  R.  w.  Butts- 
bury  P.C.  Essex. 

Rev.  J.  Jerram,  Fleet  R.  Lincolnshire. 

Rev.  P.  Jones,  Hiodlev  P.C.  Lancashire. 

Rev.  T.  Jones,  All  Hallows  R.  Lombaid  Street, 
London. 

Rev.  R.  Kent,  Burley-Dam  P.C.  Cheshire. 

Rev.  J.  Langdon,  Mudford  V.  Somerset. 

Rev.  J.  Lee,  Far- Forest  P.C.  Worcestershire. 

Rev.  3.  H  Lee- Warner,  Houghton-in-the-Hole 
V.  Norfolk. 

Rev.  J.  W.  Lester,  Ashton  Hayes  P.C.  Chesh. 

Rev.  J.  Lewes,  St.  John  P.C.  Charlton  Road. 
Blackheath. 

Rev.  R.  liOwe,  Kiltoom  U.  dio.  Elphin. 

Itev.  A.J.  Macleane, Charlcombe R. Somerset. 

Rev.; B.  A.  Marshall, St.  Cuthbert  P.C. Carlisle. 

Rev.  W.  H.  Milner,  Horncastle  V.  Lincolnsh. 

Rev.  W.  Morton.  Penkhull  P.C.  Staffordshire. 

Rev.W.  H.  Nason,  Rathcormack  R.dio.Cloyne. 

Rev.  S.  Newall,  Clifton-upon-Dunsmore  V.  w. 
Brownsover  C.  W^arwickshire. 

Rev.  P.  S.  Newell,  East  Lvdford  R.  Somerset. 

Rev.  W.  Nicol,  Denton  P.C.  Lancashire. 

Rev.  M.  O.  Norman,  Harby  R.  Leicestershire. 

Rev.  J.  Nunn,  Thomdon  R.  Suffolk. 

Rev.  E.  J.  Phipps,  SUnsfield  R.  Suffolk. 

Rev.  J.  F.  Pizey,  Bozeat  V.  w.  Strixton  R. 
Northamptonshire. 

Rev.  H.  A.  Plow,  Weild  P.C  Hants. 

Rev.  W.  S.  Prout,  Lakenheath  V.  Suffolk. 

Rev.  C.  M.  Robins,  Holy  Trinity  P.C.  Crock- 
ham  Hill,  Westerham,  Kent. 

Rev.  J.  Rowlands,  Grimstone  R.  Norfolk. 

Ucv.  J.  Serjeant,  North  Petherwin  V.  Devon. 

Ilev.  S.  H.  Sherard,  Chidevck  Chapelry,  Dorset. 

Rev.  J.  Taylor,  Crnxton-Keyrial  V.  Leicestersh. 

Rev.  H.P.  Thomas,  Nash  R.  w.  Upton  C.  Pemb. 

ilev.  F.  Thorpe,  St.  Peter's  P.C.  Charlotte 
Street,  Pimlico,  London. 

Rev.  W.  P.  Trevelyan.  Broomfield  PC.  Som. 

Rev.  A.  Watson,  Barrhead. 

Rev.  J.  W.  Wcnn,  Wickhambrook  V.  Suffolk. 

Rev.  E.  Whitehead,  Goifmanstone  R.  Dorset. 

Rev.  H.  J.  Wilkinson,  Troutbeck  P.C.  Westm. 

Rev.  P.  A.  L.  Wood.  Devizes  R.  Wilt-*. 

Rev.  J  Wynne,  Warnford  R.  Hants. 

Tff  Chaplaincie*. 

Rev.  J.  W.  L.  Baropfleld,  H.M.S.  Iroaum, 
Jamaica. 

Rev.  S.  Beal  (and  Naval  Instructor)  H.M.S, 
Sybille,  Devonport.  : 

Rev.  J.  L.  Gilborne,  Fulhara  Union,  Middx. 

Rev.  T.  James  (Examining)  to  the  Bishop 
of  Datb  and  Wells. 

Rev.  W.  F.  J.  Kaye  (R.  of  Riseholme),  to  the 
Bishop  uf  Lincoln. 

Rev.  H.  Kitton,  Walsinttham  House  of  Correc- 
tion. Norfolk. 

Rev.  (t.  yi.  Langmead,  to  H..M.  Forces. 

Rev.  J.  Sedgwick,  to  the  Earl  of  Guilford. 

Rev.  J.  W.  vVatson.  to  the  English  at  Thun, 
Switzerland. 

Rev  C   H.  Wilson,  to  the  Earl  of  Stair. 

Collegiate  and  Scholatitic  Appointmeuta, 

Rev.  P.  V.  M.  Filleul,  Warden  of  Christ's 
0)llege,  Van  Dicmen's  Land. 

Rev.  J.  Harris,  Head- Mastership  of  the  King's 
School,  Chester. 

Rev.  H.  Holden,  Head- Mastership  of  ihe  Cathe- 
dral School.  Durham. 

Rev.  R.  P.  .Smith.  Head- Mastership  of  the  Pro- 
prielaryGrammarSchool.Kensington,.MIddx. 

Ilev.  C.  W.  Underwood,  Vice-Principal  of  the 
Collegiate  .Schools,  Liverpool. 

Rev.  R.  L.  Watson,  Head- Mastership  of  the 
Grammar  School,  Kimbolton,. Hants. 


Rev.  W.  P.  Warbnrton,  to  be  one  of  H.  M. 

Iosi>ectors  of  Schools. 
Rev.  .Mr.  Weldoo,  to  the  Gaelic   Bpitcopel 

Mission,  dio.  Glasgow  and  Galloway. 


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je  L«iC^  rwitrf.  '^vn  -wAt  if  rie  Ei^.  C  t. 

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Hfpelk  A>»7.v»r<^^    a   <*« 1*  L««ade9  tq. 

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CAMia,  «^    M  O.  ^^  t^  Mdfc  B«ct.  aT  U*. 
M*^  t^  a^/Hi^  </^  /yf  flM  tot*  JateOvcm. 

■I  4m, 'Vf  f>»n(.'0>S  irsfca,44U5.  Ia£. 


•^  Barastjpie. At  SI 

tW  leT.  ~ 

W«rr. At  St.  GcOTf«H  Haww  91^  Fto- 

fMriek  Heary  rnr»—,  eia.  e^iAnt  9««  cf  tW 
iU(kt  Hm.  K.  V.  SMilk,  M.P.  ta  iW  Udy 


ajr 


of  Eirl  PtaviBaaa. At  ^inleaatn,  HaO.  tW 

Hcary  Ratecr  Lemkr^  tbirA  aaa  of  Janes 
«y.  C94}.  tol»  Ovate  of  St.  JokaX  Hail. 
^  GeffBle  of  Becianl.  Tortsk.  to  Ekxt. 


II 


1858.] 

Mb,  KCOnd  dlu.  of  tta«  lalf  V 

si.  At  South  Shiildj.Thomfti 
•mm,  cm.  to  Uary,  eldcit  diu 
l«T._ltDbeTt  Birkett,  Vl«r  of  KellM. 


Alfred  Carpeattr. 


I's,  Canbrmll 
..-rfoo.loM- — 

_   _    Janti,  uq.  1 _ 

npcton'  commona. AI   Slrood,    .__  

mWam  Dtrkc  Stanlan,  M.A.eldiat  son  of  the 
IlM  /oliD  SUPlaa.  «q.  of  HiymrdaBeld, 
wme.  to  MW7.  Ibird  dau.  of  C.  SUnlon,  nq. 

•I  UflOtld. AI  Norwood,  Edviird  Cooper 

Wi**,t«il.«nn[»n,Ciiu»co1le|i»,  Car"^-"— 
to  HtDCiolU-UirnrM.  d-"— -  •■-■■  ~ 
T*rBl(jr,  nq.  sT  (ha  UmL. 

At  Lnrlahut,  Kant,  J(. 

«it.  of  WturlDO  place.  Pall  Hill,  la  Bdwlna- 
AnWidao.  of  Majnc-Gta.  Edward  Kkall*.  late 

LIT. AI  Dnbiln  raalle,  Edward  J.  Btopford 

BMr,  eaq.  IJtli  LiRbc  DncooDB,  only  wool 
UMf^-CoT.  Stonr^  Blair,  of  l<enntaghaine, 
wiftotMh.loBllubelh-Ijciilia-Mnrnn.eldnE 
dra.  at  theVcrr  R«r.  H.  U.  Tlzhe,  Oiin  ol 
l^frhlin.  ~— At  Swpnatone,  L«ic.  Ilia  RcT. 
M.A.  Pcrp.  Cunle  el 

lly-i' — •  •*-" 

John  Hallwai 


irlch.WIIIUniLTaibr, 

e«|.  Beiiml  MeillctI  Serifcf,  lo  &lBry-Ann- 
Darolliy,  eldnt  dan.  tit  H.  Hngbn.  esq. 

97.  AtCkelUB.WilllamClurliiaMarkirnif, 
BH).  only  Bon  o(  Willlim  Kenl,  esq  and  mmd- 
■on  or  tbe  Kte  Capl.  Wlllum  Krai,  Kti.  10 
Ann,  cldcat  dau.  of  Munia  Voun;,  eaq.  pro- 
prietor of  Ihe  Sun  newapaper. 

K.  At  Rnihbarv,  Salop,  the  Bev.  H.  Gkji- 
ther.  Vicar  of  Vardify,  Warw.  to  FranECs,  eldett 

daa.  of  the  late  Mr.  VewtreU. At  Farrjalda, 

Caraiatlhenab.  the  Ker.  Diiid  ttord,  Lt.D. 

"  cipal  ofthe  PieabytpHan  collen,  Cannw- 
I,  to  Ellen,  yannK«at  dan.  pf  Iba  ble  Stephen 
\b,  e*q.  or  Swalnby,  near  Bedalp. At 


Irillr,  Leie.  to  Snilly-Jwie,  youaiTME  c 
1  Rer.  John  Hallward.  M.A.  Kecloi 

r iiid  Snareitone. AI  Marliet  I 

wotibi  E*an  Herbert  Usyd,  esq.  of  Ferae y  t 

~  '"   '"  Bmlly- Juliana,  yoaniegt  dau.  e' 


tHxle,  Bart.of  Boiirotlhparii.Lcic. 


"!«lby.  M  E 
q.  of  flrirt 


HodimtoD.  and  Vicar  of  Llanattdwell. AI 

Brifbhin.TtiaDiat,  eldest  aonuf  ThamMflnnr. 
JMto,  e«|.  of  Oenmarlt  hill,  to  Matilda,  widow 
Mine  late  AuniBluaL.  aieiukopf, enj- of  Cim- 

bcrweU  BfOTe. At  Yo«,  WtllUm-Keanr, 

ddcit  ana  of  lUeiiaTd  Wbeeler  PrtttoK,  esq. 
of  a«eeh  bill  West  Perby,  LiTerpoal,  lo  Emily, 
cideit  dau.  of  William  Hudson,  esq.  praetor  of 

Toift. At  ffooduanaleroe,  tbe  Bey.  Franeia 

ft.  BramOtr,  U.A.  Heid-Maaler  of  Ibe  IHo- 
MMn  School.  Lincoln,  to  ADna-Lonisa,yonnier 
dinhof  the  lateJoeapb  Francis  Bessy,  esq.  of 


Her  Ml 


Mq.  of  the  Oakn,  Derb.- 


if  Sir 


orStdberchOiaDia 

lo  CharlDUe,  dan.  of  Ibe  late  1.  1. 

■m,  0fO*n«ildE* At  Bt^Ehlc 

mdtlMiOWTie*C<Hi,e1dr 


crfFrederlck 


voa.eiaesiaon  oi^rede  ' 
Itle  Grove,  Uertf.  to  Ji 
a  Oau.  of  the  late  William 
ilanton,  and  ^inboe,  North- 
t  Bieler,  Stoan  Murray  Ait- 


Tnacr,  yoanfui  dan.  of  Joieph  Buckley,  esq. 

of  A^Uniton,  Devon. AlBaatwood,  Nolla, 

Jobn,  elJesI  sou  of  Francin  Wrlglil,  esq.  of 

"— ^or,    Derby,   lo  Emily-Sophia, 

be  Rer.  El.  W.  FlDuplie,  Kec- 


n.^; 


-At  All  a  '■ 

Ortfltb,  CH].  of  Newc 


Edward  TB;;ard,  of 

b'  LanRbani  pl.Hdw. 

....■UHereMoMarlba, 

e  Robert  Card.  eaq.  of 

of  Fftiroy  square. 

K.    AI  Hole,  William  Drwnap, 
ccon,  Cbesham,  Buclii.  your—  -- 
Dewinap.  eaq.   of  Mtmme 
tblrd  du.  orv.  W.  Klam  e 
Gbnt.  Haq.  Vol.  XL. 


on  0?  Murk 


-At  Wrawby,  ll 
-  of  Keelby.  M 

son,esq.af  Brin.— 

I  Fainawick,  the  Rev.  Robert  Strsi^.B. A. 
Kliubelh-Oniieinu,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Ret. 
Oeor^  Way,  Minister  of  tbe  Briilah  Chapel 
atlToura. At  Peterboronsb,  John  Chriato- 

B'ler  IfaueJ,  esq.  of  Cosgroye,  to  Katberloe- 
uviret,  dan.  irf  tbe  late  Rer.  Henry  Lonrue- 

viUe^insd. AtTemole  Balitll,  Warw.  thu 

Key.  BotelerCliernockeaKifA,  of  Bolus,  Salop, 
lu  Selina-Saiah,  youngeit  dau.  of  Ibe  late  Mr. 

Conchman. AI  St.  Qcorge's  tianoyer  sq. 

Jobn-Uorgau-EdwardBi,  TDuDfeel  son  of  the 
late  (J.  B.  Jena.  esq.  of  Ganhmyl,  Montr,  to 
Han  let,  eldeat  dau.  of  Sir  WiUiim  Clay,  San. 
M.P. 

N.    At  Little  Raveley,  John 
of  the  Inner  Temple,  to  Bmily,  i 

Ka^.  etq.'capV  Glh  UennI  N.  lur-'eMeM' son 
or  Sir  Bnnk  Kay,  Bart,  la  Kliu.  eldeat  dau. 
of  John  Perdval  Willmoll,  eaq.  of  Weslbury. 

At  Newport,  Haio,  Edward,  second  son 

of  the  Rer.V.  tl.  Uaierln,  of  Stowmarkel,  to 
Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  a.  ».  Gildea, 

Newport  rectory. AI   Ibe  Haiiie.  Robert 

Fraaer  Twins,  esq.  eldest  son  ol  Sir  Jamei 
Henry  Turinc,  Bart,  to  Calherlne.Geari^ana, 
second  dau.  ol  Waller  S.  Davidson,  esq.  oi  St. 

Marsh,  H.  P.  Anier,  esq.  to  Mary-Jane,  eldeat 
dau.  of  L.  O.  ».  Lo,  eaq.  of  Harsh  Court, 

Dorset. At    Eaal  Teinmouth,    tbe    Key, 

Janes  Samnderi,  M.A.  oF  Sidney  ijtusex  coll. 
Camb.  and  Rector  of  Week  SI.  Mary.  Cornwall, 
to  Mary,  younier  dan.  of  tbe  late  W.  B.  Sea. 
man,  eaq.  of  Vere,  Jamaica. 

30.  At  St.  Peter's  FimlicD,  Hew  Dalrympli 
Pantluait,  eaq.  Capt.  IMh  Begt.  son  of  Haiar- 
Oeu,  Finabawe.  C.B.  to  Barbaia,  yonniest 
dau.  of  Geo.  Sir  Tbomaa  BrtdfOrd,  O.C.  B.  ana 

G.C.H. At  Uanllsh,  Frederick  OuirA,  ess. 

to  IJmma,  aecond  dau.  of  the  lalt  Key.  thto- 
baid  Walih,  of  Grlnibletborpe  ball,  Lloc  and 

Bhdi|c  bouie,  Dawllab. At  St.  Mlobad-a 

Fimlico,  Ibe  Hey.  James  Batlan,  locuDbeDI  of 
St.  Fanl's,  Kilbura,  10  Lydia-Looii*.  third  din. 
of  Ibe  late  Her.  Wilham  W,  Pym,  Vicar  of 

Willian.  Herts. At  Hintlrsbam,  Ihe  Rer. 

Maurice  WiBiam  Ar^lnnd.  eldest  son  of  the 
Hon  Ferdinand  SI.  John,  to  Chartolle-Lncy- 
Hamilloii,  eldest  dau,  of  the  laie  John  DalHiJ, 

esq.  of  Ungo,  Fife. At  SI.  Qeorte'i  Uano- 

vet  «q.  Capt.  (Seorge  FToriiirfini,  R.A.  to  Ibe 


i 


306 


Marriages. 


[Sept 


Hod.  Aufpista  E.  B.  Hanbury,  sister  of  Lord 

BstemaQ. At  Christ  Cfaarch,  St.  Pancras, 

the  Rev.  6.  Cosby  White,  of  Cbislehurst,  Kent, 
to  Harriette-Curtis,  third  dau.  of  the  lateThos. 
Wyatt,  esq.  of  Willenhall,  Warw.  and  East 

Barnet,  Herts. At  Hanover,  the  Rev.  A.  C. 

Neely,  Rector  of  Ashton,  Northamptonsb.  to 
Loaisa,  dau.  of  the  late  Samuel  Renny,  esq. 

solicitor,  Dublin. At  Cranbrook,  the  Rev. 

J.  Matthews,  of  St.  David's  collere,  Lampeter, 

to  Cbirlotte,  dau.  of  the  lateC  Willis,  esq. 

At  Croydon,  James,  son  of  Daniel  Birkett,  esq. 
of  Upper  Clapton,  to  Matilda,  third  dau.  of 

John  Simm  Smith,  esq.  of  Blount  house. 

At  St.  James's  Westminster,  Sir  Henry  Mer- 
vyn  VavMour,  Bart,  of  Spaldinrton,  to  the 
Hon.  Louisa-Anne-Neville,  second  dau.  of  Lord 

Braybrooke. At  St.  Georg^e's  Hanover  sq. 

Hastings  Dentt  esq.  formerlv  of  the  Coldstream 
Guards,  son  of  the  late  John  Dent,  esq.  M.P. 
to  the  Lady  Beaujolis  Bury,  only  dau.  of  the 

late  Earl  of  Charleville. At  Peterboroug^b, 

Mr.  W.  H.  Fitzer  Burchell,  architect,  Lowes- 
toft, to  Miss  E.  West. At  Windlesham.  Snr- 

rey,  the  Rev.  W.  S.  Grignon,  Principal  of  the 
Collee iate  School.  Sheffield,  and  nephew  of  the 
late  Lord  Abinf^er.  to  Adelaide- Wilhelmina* 
Sophia,  yoonflrer  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.-Col. 
Sir  Edmund  Currey,  and  granddau.  of  the  late 
Lord  Abinger. 

Lately.  At  Milan,  D.  P.  Watts.i2iiMtf//,e8a.  of 
Islam  hall.  Staff,  to  Charlotte,  dau.  of  the  late 
Charles  Nevill,  esq.  and  Lady  Geori iana  Nevill, 
of  Nevill  Holt. 

July  2.  At  Aigburth,  the  Rev.  Edwin  Day, 
M.A.  to  Anne-Bliaabeth.  dau.  of  the  late  T. 
Kendall,  esq.  of  Liverpool. 

4.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  Lord  Edw. 
Thymne,  to  Cecilia-Anne-Mary,  only  dau.  of 
the  late  Charles  Arthur  Gore,  esq.   1st  Life 

Guards. At  St.  Peter's   Pimlico.    Henry 

William  Holmes,  esq.  only  son  of  the  late  Rev. 
William  Holmes,  Rector  of  Cripplegate,  to 
Sarah,  youngest  dau.  of  John  Key,  esq.  of 

Chester  st.  Grosvenor  pi. At  Brussels,  the 

Rev.  Charles  Shaw  Lock,  MA.  Incumbent  of 
St.  Botolph's,  Colchester,  to  Caroline,  dau-  of 
George  Harris,  esq. 

5.  At  Norwich,  the  Rev.  John  Wm.  Clarke, 
A.M.  Rector  of  Cattistock,  Dorset,  son  of  the 
late  Sir  William  Clarke,  Bart,  to  Elizabeth- 
Frances,  second  surviving  dan.  of  Edward 
Smyth,  esq.  of  Non^ich,  and  of  Hurdsfleld, 

Macclesfield. At    Bradford,    Septimus    H. 

Palairet,  esq.  late  Capt.  29th  Kegt.  of  the 
Grange,  Woolley.  to  Lydia-Mary-Charlotte- 
Keane,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  J.  II.  Rradney,  of 

Leigh  house,  North  Wilts. At  Stoke  New- 

ington,  Arthur,  thinl  son  of  George  Witherbyt 
esq.  of  Highbury  park,  to  Isabella,  second  dau. 

of  John  Young,  esq.  of  Highbury. At  Trinity 

Church  Marylebone,  George  Henry  Brooks, 
esq.  of  Doctors'  commons,  second  son  of  John 
Thomas  Brooks,  esq.  of  Flitwick  Manor  House, 
Beds,  to  Louisa,  eldest  dau.  of  Edmund  Pepys, 

•sq.of  Upper  llarley  j»t. At  Littlemore,  the 

Rev.  F.  Raymond  Barker,  MA. of  Oriel  college, 
son  of  the  late  Charles  Raymond  Barker,  esq. 
to  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  William  Hacket, 

esq.  of  Smeetoo,  Leic- At  Sparkford,  Som. 

the  Uev.  R.  W.  Chmrek,  M.A.  of  Oriel  college. 
Rector  of  Whatley,  to  Helen,  dau.  of  the  Rev. 

Henry  Bennett,  Rector  of  Sparkford. At 

Barnes,  Surrey,  the  Rev.  William  Robert 
Crotch,  M.A.  of  Stoke  court,  Somerset,  to  Eliza- 
beth, eldest  dan.  of  the  late  Robert  Bliss,  esq. 
of  Oxford. At  Kennington,  William,  young- 
eat  son  of  John  yichots,  esq.oftheSpa  gardens, 
Leicester,  to  Emily- Elizabeth-(Seorgiana,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  Edward  Cookson  Yates,  esu.  of 
Kingston,  Jamaica,  and  granddau.  of  the  Hon. 

Thomas    Legal  Yates. At  Stoodlehrb.  the 

Be?.  Edward  King  BUiotI,  Rector  oTBromA^ 


water,  Sussex,  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Edward 
B.  Elliott,  to  Mary-Anne-Elizabetb,  eldest  dan. 
of  the  Rev.  J.  Rickey. At  St.  Hilary,  Corn- 
wall, the  Rev.  Francis  Talbot  CDonoakue, 
Incumbent  of  Godolphin,  and  son  of  Lieut.- 
Col.  O'Donoghne,  of  St.  Heller's,  Jersey,  to 
Ellen-Catherine,  dau.  of  William  Paacoe,  esq. 
of  Tregembo,  Cornwall. At  Weston-super- 
Mare,  Henry  George  Tomklns,  esq.  of  Park 
lodge,  son  of  Charles  Tomkins,  esq.  M.D.  of 
Weston-super-Mare,  and  of  Abingdon,  Berks, 

to  Sophia,  dau.  of  R.  J.  Colethurst,  esd. At 

Muswell  hill,  the  Rev.  James  BrotteU,  M.A.  to 

Dora,  eldest  dau.  of  Job  Wright,  esq. At 

Tottenham,  William  L.  Searte,  esq.  of  the 
Indian  Navy,  to  Agnes-De-Hacking,  youngest 
dau.  of  George  Edmund  Shuttleworth,  esq. 

6.  At  Chetwynd.  Salop,  Wm.  Waskbowme, 
esq.  of  Chetwynd  nouse,  Newport,  to  Rosa- 
Fleming,  dau.  of  Robert  Fisher,  esq.  of  Chet- 
wynd lodge. —  At  Westerham.  the  Rev.  Ar- 
thur Garjit,  M.A.  youngest  son  of  William 
Garfit,  esq.  of  Boston.  Line,  to  Caroline,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  Henry  Spencer  Heathcote,  esq. 

At  Dariington,  John  Pri ngle  iVidko/,  LL.D. 

Professor  of  Astronomy  in  tne  University  of 
Glasgow,  to  Elizabeth,  dan.  of  the  late  Joseph 

Pease,  esq.  of  Feethams. At  St.  James's 

Westminster,  Henry  Morgan  Vane,  esa.  of 
Jermyn  street,  to  Louisa,  younger  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev.  Richard  Ftirrer,  Patron  and  Rector 
of  Ashley,  and  Vicar  of  Fawsley,  Northampt. 

At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  Charles  Edw. 

Neteeomen,  eso.  to  Mary-Rebecca,  widow  of 
Lieut.  Robert  Doran,  18th  Regt.  and  dau.  of 
the  late  lliomas  Bracken,  esq.  of  Calcutta. 

7.  At  St.  James's  Piccadilly.  Lord  Aberdour, 
eldest  son  of  the  Earl  of  Morton,  to  Ladv  Alice 
Lambton,  third  dau.  of  the  late  Earl  of  Dor- 
ham. At  W'alcot,  the  Rev.  Fred.  Soitdeu, 

A.M.  of  Dunkerton  rectory,  Somerset,  to  Mar- 
tha, only  dau.  of  Admiral  Saumarei,  K.L.  of 

Bath,  and  Fern  Down,  Dorset. At  Gleoder- 

mott,  John  Barr^  Beres/ord,  esq.  Learmoot, 
CO.  Londonderry,  to  Caroline,  dau.  and  only 
child  of  William  and  Lady  Elizabeth  Hamilton 
Ash,  Ashbrook,  Londonderry. At  Winches- 
ter, the  Kev.  Edward  Wiekham,  Vicar  of  Pres- 
ton Candover,  Hants,  to  Louisa,  widow  of  the 

Rev.  C.  H.  White. At  St.  James's  Paddinr- 

ton,  Frederick  Paget,  esq.  of  Vienna,  to  Sarah- 
Lucy,fourthdAu.uf  thelateJameAShoubridge, 

esq.  Hanover  terr.  Regent's  pk. .\t  Breage, 

Cornwall,  the  Rev.  Henry  Cielan,  to  Louisa- 
Frances,  fourth  dau.  of  tne  late  Rev.  George 
Treweeke,  Rector  of  Illoean. At  Warmin- 
ster, Pliilip  Bowden  Smith,  B.A.  eldest  son  of 
Nathaniel  Bowden  Smith,  esq.  of  Brockenhurst 
lodge.  New  Forest,  to  Emily,  oldest  surviving 
dau.  of  Robert  Robert.son,  eso.  of  Port  way 

house. At  Ballaugh,  Isle  of  Man,  ErnrMt  K. 

Raitk,  esq.  youngest  son  of  Col.  Raith,  K.C. 
to  Charlotte- Emma,  younger  dau.  uf  the  late 
Capt.  Joseph  Ellis,  80th  Regt. At  Mary- 
lebone. the  Rev.  Alfred  Codd,  Rector  of  Haw- 
ridge,  Bucks,  to  Emily,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev. 

H.  Du  Cane,  of  the  Grove,  Witham,  Essex. 

At  Ealinir,  .Middx.  John  Booth  Freer,  esq. 
M.D.  of  New  Brentford,  to  Julia,  dau.  of  the 
late  W.  I'ltt,  esq.  of  Forberry  grove,  lierks. 
and  relict  of  the  Rev.  1).  C.  Lewis,  Vicar  of 

Roislip. At  Cheltenham,  the  Rev.  William 

Wellwood  Stoddart,  Vicar  of  Cliarlbory,  eldest 
surviving  son  of  Sir  John  Stoddart.  late  Chief 
Justice  of  Malta,  to  Augusta,  youngest  dau  of 

the  late  Major  Baildelry.  7th  Hussars. At 

Wavendon,  Bocks,  Henry  Waiters,  esq.  late 
of  the  Enniskillen  DrairtMins,  to  Caroline, 
youngest  dau.  of  Frederica  Woodbridge,  esq. 

8.  At  Beliwr,  DiTby5.h  William  Williams, 
esq.  surgeon,  Tetbury,  Glouc  to  Fanny,  fourth 
dan.  of  the  late  Rev.  Charles  Fletcher,  .M.A.  of 
Soothwell,  Notu. 


307 


OBITUARY. 


The  Earl  of  Warwick,  K.T. 

Aug,  10.  At  Warwick  Castle,  in  his 
75th  rear,  the  Right  Hod.  Henry  Richard 
Greville,  third  Earl  Brooke,  of  Warwick 
CatUe  (1746),  Earl  of  Warwick  (1759), 
and  tenth  Baron  Brooke,  of  Beauchamp*8 
Court,  CO.  Warwick  (1620);  K.T.;  Lord 
Ideateaant  and  Custos  Rotulorum  of  War- 
wiokahire ;  Colonel  of  the  Warwickshire 
Militia;  a  Trustee  of  Rugby  School ;  and 
D.C.L. 

This  nobleman  was  born  on  the  29th 
March  1779.  He  was  the  eldest  child  of 
George  the  second  Earl,  by  his  second 
wife  Henrietta,  daughter  of  Richard  Ver- 
non, esq.  of  Hilton  in  Staflfordshire,  by 
BTelyn,  dowager  Countess  of  Upper  Os- 
•ory,  daughter  of  John  first  Earl  Gower. 

He  was  returned  to  parliament  for  the 
borough  of  Warwick  at  the  general  elec- 
tion of  180?,  and  again  in  1806,  1807,  and 
1812,  on  every  occasion  without  a  contest. 
He  succeeded  to  the  peerage  on  the  death 
of  his  father,  May  2, 1816  ;  and  was  nomi- 
nated a  Knight  of  the  order  of  the  Thistle 
in  1827.  In  Sept.  1841  he  was  appointed 
a  Lord  in  Waiting  to  her  Majesty. 

As  Colonel  of  the  Warwickshire  Militia, 
the  Earl  was  for  many  years  with  them 
on  actual  service  in  Ireland  and  elsewhere 
during  the  late  war.  He  took  great  inte- 
rest in  the  welfare  of  the  regiment,  even 
to  the  day  of  his  death ;  and  he  was 
extremely  punctual  in  the  discharge  of  his 
duties  during  the  many  years  he  held  the 
important  office  of  Lord  Lieutenant  of  the 
County.  These  various  duties  were  always 
performed  solely  for  the  public  good,  with- 
out favour  or  affection. 

In  politics  he  uniformly  supported  the 
Tory  or  Conservative  party,  but  rarely 
took  an  active  part  in  the  business  of  the 
Upper  House.  He  voted  with  the  mino- 
rity against  the  repeal  of  the  Corn  Laws 
in  1846,  and  continued  an  adherent  to  the 
Protectionist  policy  until  its  defeat.  He 
was  President  of  the  Warwickshire  Agri- 
cultural Society  ;  and  in  his  private  capa- 
city, a  kind,  considerate,  and  liberal  land- 
lord, courteous  and  benevolent  in  the  dis* 
charge  of  all  the  social  and  friendly  rela- 
tions of  life. 

The  Eari  of  Warwick  married  Oct.  21, 
1816,  Sarah -Elizabeth  dowager  Lady  Mon- 
son,  eldest  daughter  of  John  second  Earl  of 
Mexborough,  and  mother  of  the  present 
Lord  Mooson.  By  that  lady,  who  died 
on  the  2d  Feb.  1851,  he  had  issue  an  only 
child,  George- Guy,  now  Earl  of  Warwick, 
bom  in  1818.     The  present  Earl  has  been 


M.P.  for  South  Warwickshire  from  Nov. 
1845  ;  and  he  married  in  Feb.  1851,  Lady 
Anne  Charteris,  second  daughter  of  the 
present  Earl  of  Wemyss  and  March ;  by 
whom  he  has  issue  one  child,  now  Lord 
Brooke,  born  on  the  9th  Feb.  1853. 

The  late  Earl's  funeral  took  place  on 
the  20th  August,  when  his  body  was  depo- 
sited in  the  family  vault  in  St.  Mary's 
church,  Warwick.  The  principal  mourners 
were  the  present  Earl,  the  Earl  of  Ayles- 
ford  (nephew  to  the  deceased),  the  Earl 
of  Mexborough  (his  brother-in-law),  and 
the  Earl  of  Wemyss  ;  Lord  Guernsey  and 
his  brother-in-law  Lord  Lewisham,  the 
Hon.  Colonel  Scott,  the  Hon.  Daniel 
Greville  Finch,  the  Hon.  C.  B.  Percy, 
and  George  Repton,  esq.  M.P.  together 
with  many  of  the  clergy  of  the  town  and 
neighbourhood,  and  a  numerous  body  of 
tenantry. 

The  Earl  op  Portsmouth. 

July  14.  At  Hurstbourne  Park,  near 
Andover,  in  his  86th  year,  the  Right  Hon. 
John  Charles  Wallop,  third  Earl  of  Ports- 
mouth (1743),  Viscount  Lymington  and 
Baron  Wallop,  of  Wallop  in  Hampshire 
(1720.) 

His  Lordship  was  the  second  but  eldest 
surviving  son  of  John  the  second  Earl,  by 
Urania,  daughter  of  Coulson  Fellowes, 
esq.  of  Hampstead,  Middlesex,  and  Eggs- 
ford,  CO.  Devon.  He  was  born  at  Hurst- 
bourne Park,  Dec.  18,  1767  ;  and  suc- 
ceeded his  father  in  the  peerage  May  16, 
1797. 

From  an  early  period  of  his  life  he 
evinced  much  eccentricity. 

In  the  Biographical  Index  to  the  House 
of  Lords  published  in  1808,  it  is  remarked: 
"This  nobleman  takes  no  part  in  public 
affairs,  but  is  said  to  be  particularly  fond 
of  processions  and  public  shows.  He  gives 
an  annual  ball  on  the  anniversary  of  his 
marriage.''  His  partiality  for  funerals  was 
afterwards  proverbial;  and  he  frequently 
amused  himself  by  performing  the  most 
humble  occupations  of  a  farm-labourer. 
At  length,  in  1823,  he  was  declared,  by  an 
inquisition,  to  be  of  unsound  mind. 

His  Lordship  was  twice  married :  first, 
Nov.  12,  1799.  to  the  Hon.  Grace  Norton, 
only  daughter  of  Fletcher  first  Lord  Grant- 
ley  ;  she  died  without  issue  on  the  15th 
Nov.  1813  ;  and  secondly,  March  7, 1814, 
to  Anne,  eldest  daughter  of  Mr.  John 
Hanson,  of  Bloomsbnry  Place.  This  mar- 
riage was  annulled  by  a  decree  of  the  Lord 
Chancellor  in  the  year  1828,  after  a  long' 


808 


OBlTUART,r— JStw/  of  SeofieU.^Lord  Rnikven.        [[Sept, 


and  reiy  costly  legil  inquirj :  a  remark- 
able poiut  in  which  was  that  Lord  Byron 
had  been  present  at  the  solemnity,  and 
expressed  his  satisfaction  at  Miss  Han- 
son's preferment,  ss  is  recorded  in  the 
Life  of  the  noble  Poet. 

The  peerage  is  inherited  by  the  late  Earl^ 
brother,  the  Hon.  Newton  Fellowes,  which 
■umame  he  assumed  in  1795.  He  was 
M.P.  for  AndoTcr  from  1807  to  1820,  and 
for  North  Deron  from  1832  to  1838 ;  and 
by  his  second  wife  Lady  Catharine  Por- 
tescne,  daughter  of  Hugh  first  Eari  of  Por- 
teacae,  has  issue  one  son,  Isaac-Newton 
now  Lord  Lymington,  bom  in  1825,  and 
who  is  named  after  the  illustrious  Sir  Isaac 
Newton,  to  whom  Catharine  Viscountess 
Lymington,  his  Lordship's  great-grand- 
miother,  was  niece  and  coheir. 

Thb  Eakl  of  Sbafibld. 

/«i^30.  At  CuUen-honse,  co.  Banff, 
aged  75,  the  Right  Hon.  Francis  William 
Grant-OgilTie,  sixth  Earl  of  Seafidd, 
Viscount  of  Reidhaven,  and  Baron  Ogilvy 
of  Deskford  and  Cnllen,  co.  Banff  (1701), 
Viscount  of  Seafield  (1690),  and  a  Baronet 
of  Nova  Scotia  (1704),  a  Representatiye 
Peer  of  Scotland,  Lord-Lieutenant  of 
Inverness-shire,  a  Deputy-Lieutenant  of 
Banffshire,  and  Colonel  of  the  Inverness- 
shire  Militia. 

His  Lordship  was  bom  on  the  6th  of 
March,  1778,  the  fourth  son  of  Sir  James 
Grant,  of  Grant,  Bart,  by  Joan,  only  daugh- 
ter of  Alexander  Duff,  esq.  of  Hatton,  co. 
Aberdeen,  by  Lady  Anne  Duff,  daughter 
of  the  first  Earl  of  Fife. 

He  entered  the  army  in  1793,  attained 
the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  1799. 
and  of  Colonel  in  1809.  He  was  previ- 
ously to  the  latter  date  Colonel  of  the 
Inverness,  Banff,  and  Nairn  militia. 

At  the  general  election  of  1806  he  was 
returned  to  Psrlianient  for  the  boroughs 
of  Inverness,  Forres.  &c. ;  at  that  of  1807 
for  the  counties  of  Elgin  and  Nairn,  and 
he  continued  their  representative  during 
ten  Parliaments,  supporting  Whig  politics, 
until  April  1840,  when  he  resigned  his 

seat 

His  eldest  brother  succeeded  to  the 
Earldom  of  Seafield  in  1811,  on  the 
death  of  his  grandmother*s  nephew  James 
Ogiivy,  Earl  of  Findlater  and  Seafield  ; 
and  on  his  brother's  death,  unmarried,  on 
the  26th  Oct.  1840,  the  same  dignity  de- 
volved upon  the  nobleman  now  deceased. 
He  was  first  elected  a  Representative  Peer 
of  Scotland  in  Aoguiit  1841. 

The  Earl  was  twice  msrried ;  first,  on 
the  SOth  Msy,  1811,  to  Mary.  Anne,  only 
daughter  of  John  Charles  Dunn,  esq.  of 
Hkbam -house,  Surrey  ;  who  died  on  the 
27tA  Feb.  1840»  and  secondly,   on   the 


17di    August,    1843,    to   Loaisa-Emma, 
second   daughter   of    the     late     Robert- 
George  Maunsell,  esq.  of  Limerick  ;  who 
survives  him.      By  his  first  wife  he  had 
seven  sons  and  one  daughter:    1.  James 
who  died  in  1815,   in  his  third  year ;    2, 
Lady  Jane,   married  in   1843    to   Lieut 
Col.  Edward  Walter   Forrester  Walker 
of  the  Scots  FusiUer  Guards  ;    3.  Francis- 
William,  who  died  in  1840,  in   his  26th 
year;    4.    John-Charles,    now    Earl    of 
Seafield;    5.   the    Hon.  James   Ogilvie- 
Grant,  who  married   in   1841    Caroline- 
Looisa,   second  daughter  of  Eyre  Evans 
esq.  and  cousin  to  Lord  Carbery,  who  died 
in  1850,  leaving  one   son ;    6.  the  Hon 
Lewis  Alexander  OgilvieGrant,  who  mar- 
ried in  1849  Georgiana,   fourth    daugh- 
ter of   the  late  Robert   George    Mann- 
sell,  esq.;    7.  the   Hon.   George    Henry 
Essex  Ogilvie-Grant,  Lieutenant  in  the 
42d  Highlanders,   and  Fort-Adjutant  in 
Bermuda;  8.  the  Hon.  Edward- Alexander 
who  died  in  1844,  in  his  eleventh  year.      ' 

The  present  Earl  married  in  1850  the 
Hon.  Caroline  Stuart,  youngeat  daughter 
of  Robert-Walter  late  Lord  Blantyre,  and 
has  issue  one  child,  Ian. Charles, 'now 
Viscount  Reidhaven. 

TTie  remains  of  the  late  Earl  of  Seafield 
were  interred  in  the  family  burial-ground 
at  Duthill.  Every  person  present  on  this 
occasion  (says  The  Inverness  Conner)', 
who  remembered  the  circumstances  attend- 
ing the  funeral  of  the  father  of  the  late 
Earl,  appeared  to  be  struck  with  the  great 
change  that  has  taken  place  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  solemnities  of  this  description 
in  the  Highlands.  For  the  first  time  pro- 
bably in  the  history  of  the  very  ancient 
family  of  the  Lairds  of  Grant,  the  late 
head  of  the  clan  was  consigned  to  the  tomb 
in  the  simple  capacity  of  a  private  country 
gentleman,  without  even  the  accompani- 
ment of  a  bagpipe ;  and  those  who  attended 
the  funeral  quitted  the  churchyard  vrithout 
a  single  glass  of  ardent  spirits.  It  is  re- 
markable that,  for  the  last  three  genera- 
tions,  the  head  of  the  house  of  Seafield 
died  in  his  75th  year. 

Lord  Ruthven. 

Julp  9rj,  At  FreeUnd,  Perthshire,  in 
his  75th  year,  the  Right  Hon.  James 
Ruthven,  fifth  Lord  Ruthven  (1651),  a 
Deputy- Lieutenant  of  Perthshire. 

Lord  Ruthven  was  the  eldest  son  of 
James»  the  fourth  Baron  of  the  creation 
of  1651,  by  Lady  Mary  Elizabeth  Leilie, 
second  daughter  of  David  ninth  Earl  of 
Leven  and  Melville.  The  first  peer  of  the 
creation  of  1651  was  descended  from 
William,  the  second  Bsron  of  the  earlier 
creation  of  1487,  whose  grandson  William 
WM  the  first  Earl  of  Gowrie,  and  his  great- 


1858.]      Obituary.— i4(/in.  Sir  diaries  Byllen,  K.CJB. 


309 


John,  the  third  Earl,  was  at- 
tainted for  his  attempt  on  the  life  of 
Kin^  James  VI..  in  the  rear  1600. 

Lord  RuthTen  was  bom  at  MelTille- 
hottse,  FSfeshire,  Oct.  17.  1777.  He  sac- 
eeeded  to  the  peerage  on  the  death  of  his 
fttber,  Dec.  27,  1789 ;  but  he  nerer  sat  in 
Fluliament.  In  early  life  he  was  an  officer 
in  the  army.  He  attained  the  rank  of 
Major  in  the  90th  Foot  in  1802.  and 
quitted  the  serrioe  io  1807. 

He  was  an  exceUent  and  indulgent  land- 
lord, and  his  treatment  of  his  cottars  was 
iKMt  considerate  and  kind.  To  several  of 
his  tenants  his  lordship  was  in  the  habit 
of  saying — '"  Keep  yonr  cottages  in  order, 
and  I  shall  nerer  ask  any  rent  from  yon.'" 
The  piety  of  Lord  RuthTen  was  evinced 
by  his  nniform  attendance  upon  religious 
ordinances,  and  by  his  daily  walk  and  con- 
Yersation. 

He  married  Dec.  20,  1^13,  Mary, 
daaghter  of  Walter  Campbell,  esq.  of 
Shawfield,  which  lady  survives  him,  with- 
out issue. 

The  peerage  has  now  devolved  on  the 
sister  of  the  late  Lord,  Mary-Elizabeth- 
Thornton,  married  in  180G  to  Walter 
Hore,  esq.  the  present  representative  of 
the  very  ancient  family  seated  at  Harpers - 
town,  CO.  Wexford,  and  who  has  a  nn* 
merous  family ;  the  eldest  surviving  son, 
Walter,  being  in  the  Bengal  military  ser- 
vice. 


Adm.  Sib  Chaille>  Bullkn,  K.C.B. 

July  2.  At  Shirley,  near  Southamp- 
ton, aged  86,  Sir  Charles  BuUen,  K.C.B. 
and  K.C.U.,  Admiral  of  the  Blue. 

Sir  Charles  Bullen  was  born  on  the 
loth  Sept.  1760,  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; 
and  was  son  of  John  Bullen,  esq.  Sur- 
geon-general on  the  coast  of  North  Ame- 
rica from  1779  to  1781,  by  Ruth,  daughter 
of  Charles  Liddell,  esq.  of  Newcastle. 

He  entered  the  navy  Feb.  16,  1799,  as 
first-class  volunteer  aboard  the  Europe 
64,  the  fiag'Ship  of  Vicc-Adm.  Marriot 
Arbnthnot ;  in  which  ship,  and  in  the 
Renown  50,  the  Loyalist  sloop,  and  the 
Halifax,  he  took  part  in  various  opera- 
tions on  the  American  coast,  including 
the  reduction  of  Cbarlestown.  In  1786 
he  joined  the  Culloden  74,  employed  on 
Channel  service  ;  and  in  1 789  he  removed 
to  the  Leander,  bearing  the  flag  in  the 
Mediterranean  of  Rear-Adm.  Joseph  Pey- 
ton. On  the  9th  Jan.  1791  he  there  be- 
came Acting-Lieutenant  of  the  Mercury 
28,  and  on  the  9th  Aug.  following  was 
confirmed  into  the  Euridicc  24.  After 
twelve  months'  half-pay,  he  was  again 
appointed  to  the  Culloden  on  the  22nd 
Dec.  1793,  and  was  engaged  in  the  un- 
fortunate attack  on  Martinique  in  April, 


1793.  In  1794  he  wis  appointed  to  the 
Ramillies,  and  witnessed  Lord  Howe's 
three  actions  of  that  year ;  in  1796  to  the 
Oberyssel  64,  the  flag-ship  of  Admiral 
Peyton  ;  and  in  1797,  as  first  Lien  tenant, 
to  the  Monmouth  64,  in  which  his  life  was 
nearly  sacrificed  during  the  mutiny  at  the 
Nore.  He  was  present  at  the  battle  of 
Camperdown  in  the  same  year,  and  for 
his  spirited  conduct  on  that  occasion,  and 
afterwards,  when  he  took  possession  of 
the  Delft,  one  of  two  50-gun  ships  that 
had  struck  to  the  Monmouth,  and  re- 
mained in  her,  out  of  humanity  to  the 
wounded,  until  the  verv  moment  of  her 
going  down,  when  he  sprang  into  the  sea, 
and  was  picked  up,  he  was  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  Commander,  Jan.  2,  1798. 
On  the  !28th  June,  1801,  he  was  appointed 
to  the  Wasp  18,  in  which  he  proceed  to 
the  coast  of  Guinea,  where  his  important 
protection  of  the  colony  of  Sierra  Leone, 
then  threatened  by  a  powerful  combina- 
tion of  native  chiefs,  procured  him  a  post 
commission  dated  .\pril  5^,  1809.  After 
proceeding  to  the  West  Indies,  be  re- 
turned home  in  the  following  August. 
From  the  8th  May  to  the  3d  June,  1«03, 
he  held  the  temporary  command  of  the 
Minerve  frigate,  off  Cherbourg,  and  during 
that  short  period  he  captured  23  French 
merchantmen,  and  detained  a  frigate  of 
the  largest  class.  He  was  next  appointed 
to  the  Plymouth  district  of  Sea  Feocibles  ; 
and  in  November  following  to  the  com- 
mand of  a  flotilla  fitting  out  in  the  Thames. 
On  the  8th  May,  1804,  he  was  selected 
by  Lord  Nortbesk  to  be  his  flag-Captain 
in  the  Britannia  100,  off  Brest :  and  he 
served  at  the  battle  of  Trafalgar,  for  which 
he  received  the  gold  medal.  He  brought 
home  three  of  the  prizes,  and  was  paid  off 
in  June,  1806. 

On  the  7th  Sept.  1807,  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  Volontaire  38,  in  which  he 
conveyed  the  Duke  of  Orleans  and  his 
brother  the  Comte  Beaujolais  to  Malta ; 
and  commanded,  occasionally,  the  in-shore 
squadron  off  Toulon.  At  the  commence- 
ment of  the  war  between  France  and  Spain, 
he  undertook  an  overland  expedition  from 
Fez  to  Tangiers,  and  succeeded  in  induc- 
ing the  court  of  Morocco  to  supply  the 
Spanish  patriots  with  provisions.  In  1809 
he  effected  the  capture  of  the  island  of 
Pomegue  near  Marseilles,  and  the  destmc- 
tion  of  Fort  Rioux,  mounting  14  guns, 
near  Cape  Croisette  ;  and  on  the  23d  Oct, 
1809i  when  off  Cape  St.  Sebastian,  he 
signalled  to  Lord  Collingwood  the  inform- 
ation which  led  to  the  pursuit  by  Rear- 
Adm.  George  Martin,  of  the  two  French 
line-of-battle  ships  Robuste  and  Lion,  which 
were  destroyed,  and  the  subsequent  cap- 
ture, in  the  bay  of  Rous,  by  the  boats  of 


310    0BiTUART.^i4iCin.  John  Allen, — Rear^Adm,  Coohesley,   [Sept. 


a  sqaadron  under  Capt.  Benj.  Hallowell 
(whom  he  ably  assisted  by  his  seal  and  ex- 
perience,) of  a  convoy  of  three  armed  and 
seven  merchant  vessels.  In  1810  and 
1811,  at  the  beginning  of  which  latter  year 
he  was  removed  to  the  Cambrian  40,  he 
was  engaged,  with  a  small  squadron  under 
his  command,  in  a  series  of  active  co- 
operations with  the  Spaniards  on  the  coast 
of  Catalonia;  where  he  took,  in  the  latter 
year,  the  towns  of  St  Philon  and  Palamos, 
of  which  he  destroyed  the  batteries  and 
embarked  the  gnus.  He  also  captured, 
at  Cadaquds,  nineteen  merchant  vessels, 
and  was  severely  wounded  while  serving 
on  shore  in  a  battery  at  Selva.  He  quitted 
the  Cambrian  on  the  9th  Dec.  1811. 

On  the  5th  Nov.  1814,  Capt.  BuUen 
was  appointed  to  the  Akbar  50,  in  which 
he  superintended,  under  Sir  T.  B.  Martin, 
the  partition  of  the  fleet  and  naval  stores 
at  Antwerp,  and  was  afterwards  on  the 
Halifax  station,  until  paid  off,  Jan.  1, 1817. 

On  the  12th  Dec.  18C3,  he  hoisted  a 
broad  pendant  on  board  the  Maidstone  42, 
as  Commodore  on  the  coast  of  Africa ;  and 
between  that  period  and  the  expiration  of 
his  term  of  service  in  1827,  he  co>operated 
with  Lieut.-Colonel  Sutherland  during  the 
Ashantee  war,  and  restored  nearly  10,000 
slaves  to  liberty. 

On  the  22nd  July,  1830,  he  was  ap- 
pointed  Superintendent  of  Pembroke  dock- 
yard and  Captain  of  the  Royal  Sovereign 
yacht,  both  which  appointments  he  held 
until  advanced  to  the  rank  of  Rear- Ad- 
miral, Jan.  10,  1837.  He  became  a  Vice- 
Admiral  Nov.  9,  1846. 

Sir  Charles  Bullen  was  nominated  a 
Companion  of  the  Bath  in  June,  1815; 
a  Knight  Commander  of  the  Hanoverian 
Gnelphic  order,  Jan.  13, 1835,  and  dubbed 
a  Knight  Bachelor  on  the  25th  of  the  fol- 
lowing month :  and  he  was  advanced  to 
the  grade  of  a  Knight  Commander  of  the 
Bath,   April  18,  1839.     A   good-service 

Sension  of  300^  was  assigned  to   him, 
Qly  12,  1843. 
He  married,  in   1791,   Miss  Wood,  a 
distant  relative  of  his  own ;  and  by  that 
lady,  who  died   July   10,   1842,  he  had 
issue. 


and  Assistance,  flag-ships  at  Plymouth 
and  Newfoundland  of  Sir  Richard  Bicker- 
ton  and  Sir  Richard  King.  Having  re- 
moved to  the  Penelope  32,  he  assisted  in 
the  action  fought  oflf  St.  Domingo  by  that 
vessel  and  her  consort  the  Iphigenia,  of 
the  same  force,  with  the  French  3G-gun 
frigate  Tlnconstante,  which  was  captured 
after  a  contest  of  half  an  hour,  in  which 
the  Penelope  had  one  man  killed  and 
seven  wounded,  of  whom  one  was  Mr. 
Allen.  On  the  1 0th  Dec.  in  the  same 
year  he  was  appointed  to  a  Lieutenancy 
in  the  Convert  36,  which  was  wrecked  in 
the  West  Indies,  March  8,  1794.  After 
that  event  he  was  successively  attached  to 
the  Isis  32,  on  the  North  American  and 
African  stations ;  and  the  London  98,  the 
flag-ship  of  Sir  John  Colpoys  in  the 
Channel. 

On  (he  6th  Dec.  1796  he  was  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  Commander  ;  aad  between 
Feb.  1798  and  Nov.  1799  he  served  in  the 
Childers,  Alecto,  and  Echo  sloops ;  in  the 
last  of  which  he  captured,  on  the  Jamaica 
station,  July  3,  1799i  T Amazon,  a  French 
letter  of  marque,  of  10  guns  and  60  men. 
He  was  posted  AprU  29,  1802  ;  and  did 
not  again  go  afloat  until  Jan.  1810,  when 
he  joined  the  Franchise  36.  After  visit- 
ing Newfoundland,  he  proceeded  to  the 
Mediterranean,  and  was  there  transferred, 
Aug.  1,  1811,  to  the  Rodney  74.  He  re- 
turned to  England  in  April  1812  as  Cap- 
tain of  the  Perlen  38,  bearing  the  flag  of 
Rear-Adm.  C.  Boyles.  During  the  last 
two  years  of  the  war  Capt.  Allen  officiated 
as  Agent  for  Prisoners  of  War  at  New- 
foundland. 

He  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Rear- 
Admiral  in  1840  ;  to  that  of  Vice- Admiral 
in  1846,  and  to  Admiral  in  1852.  He  was 
in  receipt  of  a  pension  for  wounds  of  250/. 

He  was  married,  and  has  left  children. 


Admiral  John  Allbn. 

June  4.  At  Torpoint,  near  Plymouth, 
after  an  illoess  of  nearly  four  years,  John 
Allen,  esq.  Admiral  on  the  reserved  half- 
pay  list. 

He  was  the  youngest  son  of  the  late 
Admiral  John  Carter  Allen,  and  entered 
the  service  Feb.  12,  1787,  on  board  the 
Sybil,  Capt.  Richard  Bickerton,  on  the 
West  India  station.  From  1790  to  Oct. 
1793  he  served  in  the  Boyne  98,  Captain 
George    Bowyer,   and  the   Impregnable 


Rear-Admiral  Cookkslet. 

Nof),  25,  1852.  At  Rackley,  Portis- 
head,  near  Bristol,  ai^ed  78,  Rear-Admiral 
John  Cookesley. 

He  entered  the  navy  June  29,  1791,  as 
a  boy  on  board  the  Triton  32,  Capt. 
George  Murray,  employed  off  Halifax. 
In  1794  he  was  appointed  to  the  Poly- 
phemus 74,  the  flag-ship  of  Vice- Admiral 
Kingsmill,  on  the  Irish  station;  and  was 
promoted,  16  Dec.  1799,  to  a  Lieute- 
nancy  in  the  Trusty  50.  In  1801  he 
accompanied  the  expedition  to  Egypt, 
where  he  commanded  a  gun-boat  on  the 
Nile,  and  fought  some  of  the  enemy's 
batteries ;  for  which  services  he  received 
the  Turkish  gold  medal.  In  1803  he 
became  First  Lieutenant  of  the  Zebra 
bomb,  employed  in  the  bombardment  of 
Havre,  and  in  1805  of  the  Constant  24,  at 


1853.]        Capt.  Tfoisden,  R.N,—Comm.  James  Spratt,  R.N.       311 


tlie  blockade  of  the  Elbe.  In  1809  he 
wu  wnior  Lieutenant  of  the  Gibraltar  80, 
when  Lord  Gambler  made  his  attack  on 
the  French  squadron  in  the  Basque  roads. 
On  that  occasion  Mr.  Cookesley  enacted 
a  Terj  conspicuous  part  as  commander  of 
one  of  the  five  successful  fire-vessels,  and 
behaved  with  so  much  gallantry  and 
jndgment  that  he  compelled  two  of  the  ene- 
my's line-of-battle  ships,  la  Ville  de  Var- 
sovie  and  TAquilou,  to  cut  their  cables 
and  run  on  shore,  where  they  were  soon 
afterwards  destroyed.  In  acknowledg- 
ment of  this  success,  the  First  Lord  of 
the  Admiralty  gave  Mr.  Cookesley  a 
Commander^s  commission,  bearing  date 
the  day  of  the  action,  and  otherwise  pro- 
moted the  whole  of  his  crew,  seven  in 
number.  From  the  10th  May  IBIO  to 
the  16th  Dec.  1816  he  commanded  the 
Recruit  and  Hazard  sloops  on  the  New- 
foundland station.  On  the  7th  Dec. 
1818  he  was  advanced  to  post  rank  ;  and 
on  the  1st  Oct.  1846  he  accepted  the  re- 
tirement. 

Captain  Cookesley  was  the  inventor  of 
a  very  simple  and  efficacious  species  of 
raft,  which  is  fully  desicribed  and  illus- 
trated in  the  fourth  volume  of  the  Nauti- 
cal Magazine. 

He  married  in  1809  Miss  Nash,  of 
Anthony,  near  Torpoint. 


mander  on  the  retired  list,  March  27 » 
1823. 

Commander  Twisden  was  married,  and 
had  issue. 


Captain  Twisden,  R.N. 

June  ^2.  At  Brubourne  Park,  Kent, 
Commander  John  Twisden,  R.N.  the  senior 
Commander  on  the  retired  list  of  1816. 

He  entered  the  navy  in  April  1780  on 
board  the  Victory  100,  bearing  the  flag  of 
Admiral  Kempenfeldt  in  the  Channel. 
From  April  1781  to  March  17S3  he  served 
on  the  coast  of  North  America,  in  the 
West  Indies,  at  the  Nore,and  again  in  the 
Channel,  in  the  Centurion  50,  Robust  74, 
Sandvvich  90,  and  Tisiplione  sloop  ;  and 
from  AugUMt  1783  until  Oi-t.  1790  he  was 
employed  on  the  I1omt>,  West  India,  and 
Halifax  stations,  in  tiie  Pegase,  Unicorn 
32,  Latona frigate,  Kdgar  74,  Dido,  Tliisbe, 
Scout,  and  the  Queen  Charlotte  100,  bear- 
ing the  flag  of  Lord  Hood.  On  the  28th 
Oct.  1790  he  was  made  Lieutenant  in  the 
Dromedary,  lie  left  that  ship  in  Dec. 
1791  ;  and  from  Dec.  1792  to  Aug.  1794, 
he  was  employed  in  the  Sandwich  90,  the 
flag-ship  at  the  Nore.  At  the  latter  date 
he  wa:^  promoted  to  the  command  of  the 
Fearless  gun-vesstl,  from  which  he  removed 
to  the  Alfred  armed-vessel,  in  which  he 
remained  on  home  service  until  Dec.  1 796. 
He  was  afterwards,  for  two  periods,  from 
June  1798  to  May  180 J,  and  from  May 
1803  to  Dec.  1814,  in  charge  of  a  Signal 
station.     He  accepted  the  rank  of  a  Com- 


CoMMANDKR  James  Spratt,  R.N. 

Juna  15.  At  Teignmouth,  aged  82,  Re- 
tired Commander  James  Spratt,  R.N. 

Mr.  Spratt  was  born  on  the  3d  May 
1771,  at  Harrel's  Cross,  co.  Dublin  ;  he 
was  the  son  of  Mr.  Spratt,  of  Bally  beg, 
near  Mitchelstown,  co.  Cork,  and  brother- 
in-law  to  the  late  John  Abel  Ward,  esq. 
Judge  in  the  Admiralty  Court  at  Nevis. 

He  entered  the  navy  in  1796  as  first- 
class  volunteer  on  board  the  receiving-ship 
at  Cork,  and  he  was  a  midshipman  of  the 
Bellona  74  at  the  battle  of  Copenhagen, 
where  his  Captain  Sir  T.  B.  Thompson 
lost  a  leg.  In  1803  he  joined  the  Defiance 
74,  and  was  master's  mate  under  Captain 
P.  C.  Durham  in  Sir  Robert  Calder's  ac- 
tion of  the  22d  July  1805,  and  at  Trafalgar 
in  the  following  October.  In  that  memo- 
rable battle  Mr.  Spratt  distinguished  him- 
self in  a  most  extraordinary  manner.  After 
the  Defiance  and  the  Agile  74  had  been  for 
some  time  hotly  engaged,  and  the  fire  of 
the  French  ship,  within  pistol-shot  of  her 
opponent,  had  slackened,  he  volunteered, 
as  all  the  boats  had  been  disabled,  to  board 
the  enemy  by  swimming.  His  offer  being 
accepted,  he  instantly,  with  his  sword  in 
his  teeth,  and  his  battle-axe  in  his  belt, 
dasiied  into  the  sea, calling  at  thesame  time 
upon  50  others  to  follow — a  mandate,  how- 
ever, which  was  either  unheard  or  un- 
heeded. Undaunted,  though  alone,  Mr. 
Spratt,  on  reaching  the  French  ship,  con- 
trived, by  means  of  the  rudder-chains,  to 
enter  the  stern  gun-room  port,  and  thence 
to  fight  his  way  tlirough  all  the  decks,  un- 
til he  reached  the  poop.  He  was  charged 
by  three  grenadiert>,  with  fixed  bayonets, 
but,  springing  with  dexterity  over  them  by 
the  assistance  of  the  signal  halyards,  he 
got  upon  the  arm-chest,  and,  before  they 
could  repeat  the  operation,  disabled  two  of 
them.  Seizing  the  third,  he  threw  him 
from  the  poop  on  the  quarter-deck,  where 
he  fell  and  broke  his  neck,  dragging  with 
hiui  Mr.  Spratt,  who  however  escaped  in- 
jury. By  this  time  the  British  were  en- 
gai^ed  in  a  second  more  successful  attempt 
to  carry  the  enemy's  ship,  and  Mr.  Spratt, 
who  joined  in  the  desperate  hand-to-hand 
conflict  raging  on  her  quarter-deck,  saved 
the  life  (;f  a  French  officer.  Immediately 
after  he.  was  shot  through  the  right  \eg, 
hut  managed  to  defend  himself  from  further 
injury  till  relieved  by  his  friends.  Having 
refused  to  have  his  leg  amputated,  he  was 
sent  to  the  hospital  at  Gibraltar,  where  he 
endured  great  sufferings  but  finally  pre- 
served his  leg,  though  reduced  three  inchea 


I 


.  X  R.  Blou,  B.N.—€,j„„„   Fmd.  R.N. 


[Sept. 


ip  length.  Aiarewstd  for  hii  valiintcon- 
duct  (I  Tnralgir,  be  «■  promoted  Co  the 
rmpk  of  Lieatenaot  by  commiiiiaD  dated 
Dec.  24,  I80&. 

Haiing  returned  to  Englood  ia  tbs  Bri- 
tannia  100,  Capt.  Chirlei  Bullen.  and  nat 
being  able  from  Ibe  cSeCfs  at  his  wound  to 
XO  afloat,  he  obtained  tbe  charge  of  a 
Signal  alation  at  Telgntnouth,  nhere  he 
reoiDincd  from  Oct.  Ifl06  to  March  1813. 
He  WM  then  appointed  to  tbe  Albion  74, 
in  whicb  he  tarred  Tor  about  12  monlbs  on 
tbe  Gonit  of  North  America  Ue  iuTfdidcd 
borne  in  April  ISM,  in  oniequence  of 
acute  pain  whicb  the  prceedio);  severe  hid- 
ter  had  reproduced  in  hii  leg ;  and  his  lost 
emplojiaient  was  from  Dec.  lollowiog  until 
Oct.  1H15  in  cnrnmiDd  of  the  Ganges 
prisoo'shlp  at  Plymouth.  He  wai  granted 
I  pension  of  9W.  5(.  for  his  wound,  Jan. 
B,  leiT  I  and  wo*  prouioted  to  the  ranV  of 
retired  Commander  July  IT.  1838.  Sbortlj 
after  tbe  battle  ofTra&lgar  he  was  prc- 
lentrd  bf  the  Patriotic  Society  with  the 
sum  of  iOI. 

Id  IB09he  waa  presented  with  the  silTer 
medal  of  the  Sooietj  of  Arts,  for  Ms  in- 
Tcntlon  of  a  Hamograpb,  or  mode  of  com- 
municating at  a  diilsnce  b;  particular  po- 
litionsofahandkercbief.  This  con  tri  ranee 
fonned  the  groondirork  of  the  Semaphore 

■ftcrwirdi  adopted  through  England  and 

Capt.  Spratt  married  in  1809  Jane,  dau. 
orMr.Thoi.Brimage.ofEastTeignmonth; 

daughter?.  Hii  eldest  wn,  Thomas  Abel 
Brimaee,  is  a  Lieutenant  R.N.  ;  his  se- 
cond, James,  commands  a  country  ship  in 
India  ;  and  his  jonngest,  Henry,  is  a  First 
lieutenant  in  tbe  Rojal  Marines. 

COHHAKDKR  J.  R.  BlOI»,  R.N. 

Junt  19.  At  Ballycaslle,  co.  Antrim, 
aged  58,  John  Rslph  Bloii.  esq.  Com- 
mander R.N. 

Captain  Blob  nat  tbe  second  sou  of  the 
late  Sir  Charles  Blois,  the  liith  Baronet, 
nf  Grundisborgh  and  Coifield  Hall,  eo. 
Snffolk,  b;  Clara,  daughter  of  Joceljn 
Price,  e«q.  of  Camblesworih  Hall,  York- 
abire. 

He  entered  the  nsTj  Julj  1,  luOi.  t> 
fint-elatt  Kolunlecron  board  tbe  Colossus 
T<,  CtpL  Jas.  NicotI  Mortia,  attached  to 
(he  force  in  the  MeditFTcauran ;  where,  and 
ou  tbs  Home  station,  he  afterwards  serred, 
as  midihipmnn,  in  the  RotsI  Sorereign  anil 
San  Josef,  the  flag-ihipt  of  Sir  Edward 
Tbombrini|h  and  Sir  Charlei  Cotton,  the 
PnrteuiK.li;,  R<-pu1ee71.Bicchui, Berwick 
74,  and  Impregnable  1U4.  He  iS'itted, 
while  in  the  Parleuie,  at  the  capture  of 
(ha  iiUod  of  Ponia  and  of  the  torn  of  Via 
Rcfgio,  as  also  in  the  unsuecettfnl  attack 


upon  Leghorn,  in  the  year  1813 ;  and  in 
the  Berwick  he  witneaied  the  lurrenderof 
Gaeta  in  Aug.  1815.  Haring  been  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  Lieolenant  on  the 
6th  March  in  the  latter  year,  be  was  next, 
in  that  capacity,  appointed, on  the  6th  Feb. 
1816,  to  tbe  MEBUdcr  38,  and  in  July  1818 
to  the  Eoryalns  42.  stationed  in  ibe  Waat 
Indies ;  where,  on  tbe  30lh  Dec.  1830,  ha 
astnmed  the  acting-command  of  the  Nan* 
lilai  IS,  in  which  he  continued  nntil  oon- 
Grmcd  Commander  into  tbe  Bann,  March 
6,  1821.  From  June  IS33  to  the  ipring 
of  183'i  he  officiated  at  sn  InspectiiQ 
Commander  of  the  coast  guard  ;  and  since 
the  bitter  date  had  continued  on  half  pay. 
He  married,  Feb,  IS,  18S7,Elixa-Knoi. 
second  daughter  of  the  Rev.  John  Btrtntt, 
Rector  of  Enniakeel,  co.  Donegal. 


Cosii 


..  R.N. 


Lalelf  at  BaUis,  after  a  lery  short  ill- 
ness. C Ota m a oder  William  Frederick  Fead, 
of  the  E<prei9  6. 

Tliis  gallant  officer,  we  beliete,  wat  the 
son  of  Colonel  Fead,  grandson  of  General 
Fead,  and  nephew  of  the  Iste  Capt.  Fmids 
Fead,  R.N. 

He  entered  the  navy  in  18S4,  and  bad 
served  actually  aSoat  more  than  26  yean. 

He  sened  as  midshipman  on  the  Home 

ud  MedilerrineRD  ttatioos,  in  tha  Priace 
Regent  120,  Clio  la,  and  Philomel  10; 
and  ns  mate  in  the  Reren^  78,  Rattle- 
snake 28,  Spitfire  steamer,  Jupiter38,  In- 
constant 3li.  and  Herculei  74,  in  which 
ihipt  he  tened  in  etery  quarter  of  the 
globe.  He  attained  the  rank  of  Lieutenant 
June  3H,  1838  :  was  appointed  in  183910 
Ibe  Cnra^a  24  on  the  South  American 
station  :  iu  IS40  to  the  Grecian  16  at  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope ;  andin  the  years  1844 
and  1845  successively  to  the  Camperdown 
104,  Queen  110,  and  Trafalgar  120,  flag- 
ships at  Sheerness.  Being  flsK-lieul.  of 
the  Trafalgar  when  visited  by  Her  MigeKy 
at  Spitbead,  he  was  in  consequence  pro- 
moted to  Ibe  rank  of  Commander,  by  eara> 
mission  dated  31(t  Jane,  IHITi.  On  iba 
9Tlh  Sept.  1847  he  was  appoii.i.d  in  tbe 
Howe,  CapL  Sir  James  Slirltiig  ;  and  m 
the  10th  Uee.  following  Iraiisferred  (o  tli« 
Prince  Regent,  Capt.  Wm.  P.  Mailin, 

At  Bthia  the  meiebantt  have  inbicribed 
to  erect  a  luilable  tablet  to  his  memory. 

LlEUTIHAKT  MlCHAKL  FiTl'OH,    R.N- 

Oer.  31,  1*1.19.  At  Peckham,  aged  86, 
Ueuteaant  Michael  Fitton,  R.  N,  one  of 


nenl  seat  of  his  family,  but  now  It 


3ta 

ta  tlie  Commander  in  Chief,  be  «u  con- 
firmed in  Ihe  rank  of  Lieutenint,  Mirch 
!J.  1804.  On  the  Slit  Jan.  IB05  he 
attacked  odb  of  fiTe  prirateerg  which  par- 
ined  him  off  Cape  Aatonio;  aai  on  the 
26th  Oct.  leOG,  hating  rcRioved  into  the 
Pitt  of  12  guns  (Cawardi  the  purchase  of 
irhich  vesicl  into  the  service  he  himself 


the  n 


of  la  S 


t^S.]        Obitdary. — Lienl.  Pitton. — lAmit.-Col.  Hateker. 

C^t  George  Kcppel.  In  that  frigate  he 
aHuted  in  the  capture  of  the  Phceaix,  a 
bearjr  privateer,  and  alao  of  an  AmRri- 
aa  packet,  which  bad  on  hoard  Mr. 
LaaitoM,  ei-Pre>idenC  of  CoDgres9,  who 
m»  proceeding  to  Hollsnd  itich  a  secret 
Rmtj  of  alliiiQce  with  the  Dutch.  Mr. 
FItton,  who  was  emplojed  iu  furling  ihe 
fore-top-gallaat  sail,  obserred,  shortly 
befijTe  the  capture  of  the  ahip,  what  he 
(sppoaed  waa  a  man  overboard,  and  on 
bii  reporting  it  immediatelj,  the  object 
■ai  recovered,  which  proved  to  ho  ■  bag 
containing  this  (reatj.  A  declaration  of 
war  againat  lh3  Dutch,  and  the  immedi- 
ate sweeping  of  their  vessels  from  the  sea, 
were  the  momentoaa  results  of  Mr.  Pit- 
Ion's  quickneis  of  observation.  He  coo- 
tinaed  to  serve  with  Mr.  Keppel  until 
1TB4,  as  midshipman  of  the  Fairj.  .Solus, 
Fortitude,  aad  Hehe  t  and  in  consequence 
took  part  in  maaif  of  the  scenes  of  the 
American  war,  and  abo  at  the  relief  of 
Gibraltar  in  1782,  a>  aide-de-camp  to  his 
captain.  la  1793  he  rejcined  the  same 
officer,  as  master'a  mate,  oo  board  the 
Defiance  74  ;  from  which  he  removed,  in 
1 796,  lo  the  Bristol.  He  neit  became 
parser  of  the  Stork  sloop,  in  which  he 
went  to  the  West  Indies.  In  Jan.  nSO 
he  wai  appointed  acting  Lieutenant  of  (he 
A-bergavenny  54,  in  command  of  whose 
tenders  he  fought  more  than  one  gallant 
action  with  Spanish  and  French  pri- 
vateers. On  the  33d  Jan.  IBOl,  being  on 
■  cruiae  in  the  Spaniih  main,  in  command 
of  B  imall  felacca,  carry ing  only  one  long 
IS'ponnder  and  44  men,  he  fell  in  with  a 
Spanish  guardacosta  of  sii  long  (i-ponad- 


leof 


■ivels,    . 


1   60   u 


n  her  ashore 
island  of  Varus,  he  hoarded  and  carried 
with  irresistible  heroism,  plunging  inlo 
the  wa  and  awimming  to  her,  with  bii 
sword  in  his  mouth,  followed  bj  the 
gitkter  part  nf  his  crew,  similarly  nroied. 
Notwilhilanding  these  valiant  exploits, 
bowever,  the  peace  of  1802  left  him  with. 
ont  either  promotion  or  reward. 

At  (he  recommencement  of  lioatilitics 
Mr.  Pitton  was  again  appointed  as  an 
acting  tjeutenant  to  the  Gipscy  of  10 
gnus,  the  tender  to  the  Hercule  Hag. ship 
■t  Jinnica.  Dnrin;  the  operations  agninat 
Caracoa  in  1S04,  being  the  only  officer  in 
the  si|Uidron  who  had  been  at  the  island 
before,  he  was  assigned  the  duty  of  direct- 
ing its  movements.  He  joined  in  the 
attack  upon  Fort  Piacadero ;  and,  upon 
the  enemy  being  driven  out,  he  landed 
with  ■  detachment  under  Cemmodore 
Bllgb,  taking  with  him  Che  Gipsey's 
guns,  which  were  mounted  in  battery  to 
annoy  the  town  of  Amsterdam.  At 
length,  having  been  sent  with  despatches 


infested  the  trade  of  the  West  Indies.  He 
soon  after  received  Che  thanks  of  Che  Ad- 
miralty, and  a  GO/,  sword  from  Che 
Patriotic  Society ;  hnt  was  unsuccessful 
inhiaeflbrts  to  obtaia  un  appointment, 
and  remsined  on  half  pay  for  nearly  font 
years. 

In  April  ISU  he  was  appointed  to  tha 
command  of  Che  Archer  gun.brig  in  tha 
Channel,  and  in  Feb.  1H12  Co  the  Cracksr 
gun-brig,  on  the  Bailie  aUtion,  where  h^' 

remained  until    1815.     In  Feb. 

was  appointed  to  the  Ordinary  at  Plj- 
month,  to  which  he  was  attached  for  the 
usual  period  of  three  years.  He 
uitCed  into  Greenwich  Hospital  on  the 
20th  April,  I83o.  During  his  service  in 
the  West  Indies  he  had  the  good  fortune 
to  captnre  npwards  of  forty  sail  of  vcisela, 
many  of  them  privateers ;  baC  with  little 
benefit  to  himself,  from  the  circumtCance 
of  his  having  been  so  long  in  command  of 
a  tender,  and  only  sharing  in  consequenos 
with  the  officers  on  board  the  flag'ihip. 

His  eldest  son  died  in  the  Wcat  Indies, 
whilst  serving  with  his  bther  as  cterk. 
His  only  aurviving  son  holds  an  appoint- 
ment la  the  Merchant  Seamen's  Office. 
His  youngest  daughter  is  married  to  tb 
only  son  of  Sir  Richard  Dobson,  M.D, 
F.R.S.,  Inspector  of  HoepiCals  and  Fleeted 


r.-COLO 


uHli^ 


Aug.l,   In  DorseC-plsce,  DorseC-sqnar^- 


the  North  Hampshire  Militia. 

Few  men  ever  enjoyed  a  higher  reputa- 
tion in  the  sporting  world  than  this  vete- 
ran, who,  after  lerving  with  diatmction  in 
the  PeninauUr  war,  where  he  waa  severely 
wounded  at  the  battle  of  Talavera,  whsa 
a  Captain  in  Che  14th  Light  Dragoona,  on 
his  return  pabliahed  the  "Journal  of  a 
Hegimental  Officer  during  (he  recent  cam- 
pjign  in  Portugal  and  Spain."  1810.  8tO. 
Finding  himaelf  equally  apt  to  wield  the 
pen  as  the  aword,  he  shortly  after  produced 
hia  well-known  work,  "  Inatruetions  ta 
Young  Sportsmen  in  alt  that  relates  to 
Gons  and  Shooting."  Thit  book  has  been 
very  succeaifal — Che  Centh  edition  being 
nearly  ready  for  Ihe  press  at  Che  time  of 


4 


I 


■114     Oorrr: 


— r  G.  R 


£ip?-^  Jfnk  /I  5bi5rt-     [Se^yt. 


■jc  .4  n:i.  .1  Hwr'  -v-J  nr  ■nan"  -ruiubie 
nr.T.r;.  r_-  •.::  :  rr..--  ^>Ti*irs  ::  ir'-irm*. 
*pT»*r-i.    ^i;:,     .-s  ▼  :..n    ic   -r-'ic   "u  "tie 

Gr*:.-  I-:—  .:  -  r  •-". .  kn^:  wau:*-.  itf 
■!nriT*^;::r-:  -«:;^-;.r.r  uT«rs  »  iiua  iav* 
i*p:-Tx  ii.   rr."!  ■■•  ^  ••nmirnr.  »  "-r""  vere 

tht*  fajuaii'-.-TC«=::  '  lit:  laasorrs  ii'  "ae 
ieiii.  L.:i:e-i.  i.i  -rirr-mnerr  n  ".ai* 
p/'inr.  t  .a  BUM  ■tfnr?-!.  ^r-ala^^eir 
3rnitf'::   »fi  ":i.i:  .lines*  -riicii   i^u  "snu- 

V  a.iti"  u;-:  r.. -*  -ire^i  ic-Tcniisonienrj. 
In  "i;-  >.  :  .•ri.  --.rSi's  r  n'l.-:.*-  iJ  vuca 
2f  i**- •'.*■'.  r.  ;■'"     "    i.T    e.j-or^  iiiur*.    ic 

in>l  •  ■  '.a  -t'  i:.ir-.ci-  ::.injiiJi£7  iwf 
'Su?   n- *".'.! '•.   •■       1.1.11:- aciuaj  *  '^•sr  "ae 


*hi»itr*n  •-  I  v.nii-  ui.— -ir?. 


and  three 
Of  riw  !afSBr  the  second  it 
1.   rVe«ni«ire  :  l.TlMMBae  Heniy 
'Stettin  Biurxaail  Tocwrsn.  tat\.  of  Bovrden 
9rn.  Via.  M.P.  fcr  Xorth  WUtihiie, 
vTio  toMunea  ±e  aome  of  Sotfaeron  onlj 
n   I«!'J.   lar-n^  aurried  xa  1830  Locy- 
mir  nulii  if  rtc  bce  Adadral  FVank 
if    Crmangtdiu    Notts.  ;    2. 
Imgusk   Sncksail    EiC«i«rt,   c«q.    lient.- 
i:.]L  tn   -ne   iniy.  md  Lite  M.P.  for  De- 
TTxea.  -S.  rjtf  3«^  Edmvad  Hiler  Back- 
aail  Ejcr.ur:,  M.A-  Tkw  cf  Great  Wol- 
fbrL  Wu-vTiaLKurs  :  ^^  ■arricd  m  18S0 
Ijioe-EIizabcrix.   wccod  dan^fater  of  Sir 
J*jhn  Luwtaifr  Jiiuucae.  Bart,  of  Wester 
Baa.  cr'.  IMaifrus:  \.  Walter  Giimaton 
Bmrciail  Idcc-jort.  Cjnuunder  ILN.  who 
ned  n  !  Mo  voa  -^  nmaaad  of  H.  M.^ 
ler  Edair.   if  African  ferer,   which 
a  'ja  amriy  the  vhole  of  hit 
J.  WUliam  J jhn  Backnall  Esteottrt, 
W-i.  rf  Ba.jt:i  .-uOeiv.  Oxford;  and,  6. 
Eiiwvi  Ddriale  Bi&chaall  Estconrt,  esq. 
M.A.  ir  Eallxul  raQcfe.  and  a  banistcr-at- 
!av  ^  Lioculn's  Ian. 


1      .-.  r-.  i.»r::Ta.r.  r:.*^ 

in  aw  r**".  "-I*  T'.'uia  'Ir-s-ic:!  Bock- 
Mu   F^- •/.'-.>     •*•;     Hi  C.L.    i:ii  F5^^.. 

eA*»nr.>'4  -.'''',..■.  i.'i»<'<-  u:-:  ^il'j.  izd  !a:< 

H-  ▼««  ■'.'-.  -r.  v..»    >1  A-.ri»t  1:T2 

mrkf,  'ij^:  •,."."  •  7  'i*  H :c.  Jia* Grlai- 
«r/.»*,.  *  ":■■.•  'i-.j.-.vr  -f  Jii:**  t^czTiai 
V.4 ^.-.-, -. •  ^t'  ','.*■  .:.  '.J  M  1.-7 .  ii - xi :«•  : f 

f  f »  *  1 ,  4  ..-.*  -j;.  *  r  : :  <.  ■:  rf  ,*.•  C  ■.  ri*t: 
v».  *<^.  ^ >  I ' .. r -i .  f.  -  rri-i  -.  tv^i  M .  A.  17^.. 
^  *.  »*i  '*  .z* :  V,  •  .■"  --ir  tj  :£.«  H  ^n.  S:- 
f.^j  '.f  I,  '.  -.  :.  •  I-.:,  .r  .:.*  J".  l?2'>.  He 
«««  •/.',•>  •  .v.*  ]\*"V  ri  T  fJ  D*^J«.  aid 
f,..*.f.'/.  *'.   /  •'.  •   ''  ^••r.ir'^  ri*r.*ril  Qiur- 

rtt*T»*  f',r  *:.*-.  *-,■»:.  '.♦  I>iiz*»  :&  tfiC  piairc 
'/f  Oi*  J'  /;.*  H'  f..  \\*i  rv  A'i  l:rjztoii.  theo 
f:f**'*'J  \  .**/,. ',.\  *•.'. '/j'.'i'i. .  and  br  wsj 
r«/Ji//"  fi  4'  *•*  f.''**  -j^^^'^'j^nt  elections 
/,f  lif'/'i  rf'J,  |J^1^,  l»'I*f,  and  1«20.  In 
F*^b.  l**-2'/  h*"  w-n  t'tfi'*.n\  tortheuniversitT 
tA  i)t1uf\  \u  'h»:  f/U/,*:  'if  Ri<:b«rfl  Heber, 
ffl«|.  i»ho  b<ifl  f 'v/tt*'t\  bii  iirat ;  and  be 
f:orifiriij*d  to  or/ij|/j  tbat  di*tinfui«bcd 
(f'faitirfri  diiriri((  tb«t.  ;irid  tti':  MTen  fiiibse- 
fjiKht  |f  irli4irtMtU  until  tbc  difisotation 
of  IH47.  'Jbr  iihtTfrvify  conferred  upon 
birn  Uh'  bonornfy  dif^r^c  of  !>.(;.!,.  on  the 
27th  June  1H27. 

Mr  Kpitcoiirt  married,  May  12,  1800, 
EUanor,  accorid  daughter  of  J amet  Sutton, 
019.  of  New  Park  in  Wiltshire ;  and  bj 


Mas.  FLcaa^ca  Sm^ 

/a^    !>.    1-31    At  her  fcat,  Aihton 

Coart.  S:aun«caiiL-v.  aged  !».  Mrs.  Flo- 

rcBce  Soay^ 

Thot  Lbi;  WW  the  eider  danchter  of 
Thoma*  Sayth.  M4.  of  Syletoo,  by  Jane^ 
:b!t  jan.poer  of  Joaeph  Whxtcharch.  esq. 
<ii  the  txsi:*  ^Lioe.  Her  father  wms  the 
Toaafer  ico  z(  Sir  Jirrit  Smjtfa,  who  ww 
created  1  Bar.oet  in  1 763.  by  Florence, 
foorta  ij»-er  of  Sir  John'  Smyth  of 
.isatca  C\:ar:.  cce  Kcood  Baronet  of  the 
earlxr  zztxdixL  in  1661.  and  lister  and 
coheir  :f  S:r  John  Smytii.  the  third  and 
lut  Barcw>«c  of  '.hat  h^e.  who  died  amnar- 
rvdxn  1741. 

The  fubject  of  tbb  notice  was  niarried 
to  John  Upton.  <^.*  of  In^mire  Hall, 
Westmerlind.  who  left  her  hU  widow  in 
1«£3  :  ani  after  the  death  o;  her  nephew 
Sir  John  Smyth,  the  foarth  and  latt  Ba- 
ronet of  the  fecocd  creatioB.  on  the  19th 
Mar.  \<V},  Mrt.  Upton,  on  inheriting  his 
estates,  nrsumed  her  muden  name. 

Her  son.  Thomas  Upton,  esq.  (bom  in 
IHOO)  W.IS  preiionily  deceaaed,  on  the 
23d  Dec.  1843:  harin^  rairricd  in  1829 
his  oottsin  Eliza,  second  daaghtcr  of  Ben- 
jamin Way,  esq.  of  Denham  Plaee,  00. 
Buckingbam.  by  Mary,  his  mother's  only 

♦  Mr.  Upton's  first  wife  was  Dorothy, 
one  of  the  daughters  of  Dr.  Christopher 
Wilson,  Lord  Bishop  of  Bristol  ;  and 
Margaret,  another  of  the  bishop's  daogh* 
ters,  was  the  wife  of  Sir  Hugh  Smyth,  the 
third  Baronet,  nephew  of  Mrv.  Florence 
Smytii. 


la^O     J.  f[.  Smyth'Pigott,  Esq.—R.  T.  Bateman,  Esq. 

liitMr.    (Mrs.  Way  died  on  the  29th  Aug. 
1850,  as  recorded  in  our  Vol  xxziv. 

L451.)  He  had  itsue  two  sons,  Thomas- 
ijth,  who  is  deceased ;  and  John-Henry- 
Grerilte,  now  heir  to  the  large  estates  of 
ijoB  Smyth  family.  The  latter  was  bom 
on  the  Sd  Jan.  1836,  and  is  consequently 
ftiU  a  minor. 

The  body  of  Mrs.  Florence  Smyth  was 
depofited  in  the  family  vault  in  Asbton 
church  on  the  24th  July,  1852. 

We  have  been  reminded  of  the  omission 
of  Mrs.  Florence  Smyth's  decease  from 
onr  Obituary,  in  consequence  of  the  ez- 
tnordinary  claim  recently  made  to  her 
estatea  by  a  person  assuming  himself  to  be 
^he  lawful  son  and  heir  of  Sir  Hugh  Smyth 
the  third  Baronet,  by  a  marriage  pretended 
to  have  taken  place  (before  his  alliance  to 
ttie  daughter  of  Bishop  Wilson)  with  "  Jane 
daughter  of  Count  John  Samuel  Vanden- 
bei^h,  by  Jane  the  daughter  of  Major 
Gookin  and  Heather  his  wife,  of  Court 
Macksherry,  co.  Cork." 

The  claim  was  tried  by  an  action  of 
cdectment  at  the  Gloucester  Assizes,  on 
the  8th,  9tb,  and  lOth  August,  1853, 
when,  among  other  evidence  completely 
negativing  the  plaintiff's  pretensions,  it 
was  stated  by  Capt.  the  Hon.  Wm.  Smyth 
Bernard,  that  his  grandmother  Catharine- 
Henrietta  Viscountess  Bandon  was  the 
widow  of  Major  Gookin,  of  Court  Mac- 
sherry,  but  he  had  never  beard  of  Major 
Gookin  having  a  daughter,  or  of  any  con- 
nexion with  the  name  of  Vandenbergh. 
The  claimant  was  proved  to  be  the  son  of 
John  Provis  a  carpeoter  at  Warminster  ; 
and  his  only  conuection  with  Asbton 
Court  consisted  in  his  wife  having  lived  as 
housekeeper  there.  He  wets  some  time  a 
schoolmaster  at  Bath,  and  afterwards  as- 
sumed the  designation  of  ''  Dr.  Smith,'' 
and  went  about  as  a  lecturer  on  mnemo- 
nics. He  is  however  a  man  of  imperfect 
education,  and  his  want  of  scholarship  be- 
trayed in  the  documents  fabricated  to  sup- 
port his  case  has  contributed  materially  to 
detect  him.  His  character  is  bad,  and  be 
once  narrowly  escaped  capital  conviction 
for  horse- stealing.  He  now  stands  com- 
mitted for  trial  on  two  charges  of  forgery. 


815 


s^uently  assumed  to  be  his  half-brother, 
but  legitimate. 

The  connection  between  the  families  of 
Smyth  and  Pigott  is  of  very  old  standing, 
and  dates  from  the  same  period  as  the  in- 
troduction of  the  Christian  name  of  Flo- 
rence into  the  former  family,  in  the  reign 
of  Charles  the  First.  John  first  Lord 
Poulett  of  Hinton  St.  George,  the  lineal 
ancestor  of  Earl  Ponlett,  had  a  daughter 
Florence,  who  was  married  first  to  Thomas 
Smyth,  esquire,  of  Long  Asbton,  and  se- 
condly to  Colonel  Thomas  Pigott,  of  the 
kingdom  of  Ireland,  who  purchased  the 
manor  of  Brockley.  That  lady  became 
the  progenitrix  of  both  families.  By  the 
former  marriage  she  had  issue  Sir  Hugh 
Smyth,  Knight  of  the  Bath  and  the  first 
Baronet.  We  have  not  met  with  a  pedi- 
gree of  the  Pigotts  ;  but  from  the  cursory 
notices  which  are  given  of  them  in  Col- 
linson's  History  of  Somersetshire,  and 
in  Butter's  '*  Delineations"  of  the  same 
county,  we  gather  that  they  continued  in 
the  male  line  until  the  death  of  the  Rev. 
Wadham  Pigott,  B.D.  in  the  year  1823, 
who  left  his  property  to  the  gentleman 
whose  decease  we  now  record. 

Mr.  Smyth-Pigott  greatly  enlarged  and 
beautified  the  family  mansion,  of  which  a 
view  is  given  in  Butter's  ''  Delineations 
of  Somersetshire,"  together  with  a  full 
account  of  the  pictures,  &c.  He  served 
the  office  of  High  Sheriff  of  Somersetshire 
in  1828. 

He  married,  Dec.  19,  1815,  Miss  Anne 
Provis,  and  had  issue  five  sons :  John  Hugh 
Wadham  Pigott,  esq. ;  Henry-Thomas- 
Coward  ;  Edward- Frederick ;  George-Oc- 
tavius  ;  and  Alfred-Constantine-Norman  ; 
and  five  daughters :  Anne,  married  in  1839 
to  Thomas  Piatt,  esq.  barrister-at>law ; 
Florence  ;  Elizabeth-Augusta,  married  in 
1841  to  Edwin  F.  Fox,  esq.  son  of  the 
late  £.  L.  Fox,  esq.  M.D. ;  Emily- Isabella, 
who  died  in  1838  ;  and  Agnes-Clara. 


John  Hugh  Smyth-Pigott,  Esd. 

June  26.  At  his  residence,  the  Grove, 
Weston-super-Mare,  John  Hugh  Srayth- 
Pigott,  esq.  of  Brock  ley-hall,  co.  Somerset, 
a  Deputy  Lieutenant  and  magistrate  for 
the  county,  and  F.S.A. 

It  appeared  on  the  trial  mentioned  in 
the  preceding  article  that  this  gentleman 
was  the  natural  son  of  Sir  Hugh  Smyth, 
the  third  Bart.  (1763),  of  Long  Asbton, 
by  Elizabeth  Howell.   The  pretender  con- 


RicHARD  Thomas  Bateman,  Esq. 

June  18.  At  Bath,  aged  60,  Richard 
Thomas  Bateman,  esq.  of  Hartington  Hall, 
Derbyshire,  a  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  that 
county,  and  a  magistrate  for  the  county 
of  Somerset  and  city  of  Bath. 

He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Richard  Bate- 
man, esq.  Sheriff  of  Derbyshire  in  1812, 
by  Elizabeth,  only  child  and  heir  of  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Keelinge,  of  Uttoxeter.  He 
succeeded  to  the  estate  of  Hartington 
(where  his  family  was  seated  in  the  reign 
of  Elizabeth)  on  'the  death,  in  March, 
1824,  of  his  uncle  Sir  Hugh  Bateman, 
who  had  been  created  a  Baronet  in  1806, 
with  remainder  to  the  male  issue  of  his 
daughter :  in  pursuance  of  which  the  dig- 


Dity  detulved  an  bi>  potlhumous  grandson, 
tbe  ptcicnc  Sir  Francis  Ednard  Scott. 

Mr.  Batemaa  mBrried,  Maf  26,  1620. 
Madeleine,  dunghterorRobertWillougbbf, 
e>q.  of  Cliffe,  co.  Warwick,  by  Lucy,  his 
third  wife,  daughter  of  Edward  Ferren, 
eiq.  of  Budcieilej  Clioton.  He  had  issue 
foar  sons,  Hugh,  Richard,  Tbumai.  and 
Francis- Willoughhj  ;  and  two  dauglitera, 
Eliiebelh  und  MadeUiDc, 

John  Cbek,  E»a. 

Jaly  3.  At  OsminglOQ,  near  Wej- 
month,  aged  73,  John  Cree,  eeq.  of  Ower 
Moigne,  Dorselihire,  for  many  years  an 
nctire  magistrate  and  &  Deputy  Lieutenant 
of  that  GOonty. 

He  was  ibe  son  of  Ibe  Utc  Terence 
M'Mahon,  e«q.  of  CulleDmroodi  co.  Dub- 
lin, by  Rachei,  daughter  and  co-heir  of 
George  Longnorth.esq.  of  Craggao  House, 
near  Athlone.  He  entered  the  army  at  the 
age  of  aeycDteen,  and  served  the  entire 
campaign  in  Hollandi  under  the  Dultc  of 
York,  and  subaequently  in  (he  Mediterra- 
nean, under  Sir  Ralph  Abercioniby.  He 
was  placed  on  bolf-paj  in  tbe  year  IB05  ; 
and  afterwards  aerred  as  a  Captain  of  the 
West  Dorset  militia  until  its  reductiOD. 

In  IBM  he  Exchanged  his  piiternal  namo 
by  royal  licence  for  that  of  Cree,  in  com- 
pliince  with  tbe  will  of  hit  uncle  JohD 

Cnw,  esq.  ofThornhill  Houte,  Doraet. 

He  married,  in  1806.  Anne,  third  daii. 
of  Robert  Stricitland,  esq.  of  Dorchester, 
and  bad  iiiue,  besides  other  children  who 
died  young,  two  sons  and  one  daughter. 
The  former  are  both  in  the  church.— the 
K«».  John  Robart  Cree.  Rector  of  Ower 
Moigne:  and  (he  Rct.  James  Cree,  Vicar 
DfCheldon,  near  Dorchester. 

Bbanshv  Coopeb,  Esa.  P.R.S. 
Auji.  18.  Suddenly,  at  tbe  Athoncum 
Club,  aged  60.  Btanaby  Blake  Coojier, 
esq.  F.R.S.,  Senior  Surgeon  of  Goy's  Hot- 
He  wat  the  eldest  son  of  the  Rei.  Suouel 
Lovick  Cooper,  Rector  of  Ingoldeitborpe 
and  Barton.  Norfolk,  by  Sarab-Leman, 
daughter  of  Robert  Rede,  esq.  of  Leter- 
ingham  Abbey,  Suffolk,  His  younger 
brother,  tbe  present  Sir  Aslley  Paston 
Cooper,  Bart.,  eucceeded  by  a  special  re- 
mainder to  tbe  baronetcy  conferred  on  bit 
uncle  (he  illustrious  surgeou  Sir  Aslley 
P.  Cooper.  Their  grandfather  the  Ret:. 
Samuel  Cooper,  D.D..  was  for  rainy  years 
Ticar  of  Great  Yarmouth.  In  wbicb  town 
the  auhject  of  <hu  BOliea  woi  bom.  on  tbe 
Ijnd  September.  1793,  and  where  alto  be 
recdied  tbe  elementii  of  h)i  general  edu- 
cation. At  au  early  iga  he  entered  the 
M*«l  Mnieo  of  hit  country  at  a  mldiblu- 
lata  in  the  SUtaly,  a  Q4-fnii  ship,  uitder  tb* 


— Brantbif  Cooper,  Esq.     [Sept. 

especial  care  and  instruction  of  the  Ftrat 
Lieutenant,  afterwards  Admiral  Fisbo-. 
The  sea,  however,  not  agreeing  with  his 
delicate  heath,  he  contented  to  return 
again  to  school,  under  the  care  of  the  ReT. 
Mr.  Spurdens,  of  North  Walsham,  Nor* 
folk.  Having  finished  bit  education  be 
visited  his  uncle,  Mr-  (afterwards  Sir) 
Aslley  Cooper,  who  was  then  rising  rapidly 
in  public  estimation,  and  at  hia  suggettiou 
repaired  to  the  Norwich  Hospital,  where 
he  remaloed  for  two  years,  at  tbe  eipira- 
tioD  of  which  time  be  csme  to  London, 
and  entered  the  haute  of  Mr.  Hodgson. 
then  resident  in  the  city,  who  aubsequenlly 
attained  considerable  fane  as  an  operating 
surgeon  in  Birmingham  and  the  nudlsnd 
counties,  and  to  whose  high  professional 
attainments  Mr.  Cooper  was  to  a  great 
extent  indebted  for  bis  largical  acquire- 
In  1812  he  entered  the  army  as  Assist- 
ant Surgeon  in  the  Royal  Artillery,  and 
immediately  re)>aited  to  the  Peninsula, 
where  our  troops  were  then  vigorously 
engaged.  He  was  present  at  the  battle*  of 
Vittotia,  the  Pyrenees,  NitcUc,  Orthei, 
the  siege  of  St.  Sebastian,  and  tbe  battle 
ofToulouse.  Mr.  Cooper  was  admitted 
B  member  of  tbe  Royal  College  of  Sur- 
geons  of  England  on  the  fitb  Dec.  182.1, 
haying  for  three  yein  previotisly  acted  u 
Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  at  St.  Thomna's 
Hospital,  and  having  already  published  a 
valuable  treatise  on  the  ligaments.  In  IMS 
he  was  elected  an  honorary  Fellow  of  the 
college,  and  in  181^  became  a  member  of 
liie  Council.  He  msde  some  Toluable  con- 
tributions to  the  advancement  of  surgical 
knowledge,  especially  in  the  Guy'*  Hos- 
pital Reports-  He  was  also  tbe  author  of 
Surgical  Essays,  on  the  growth  and  forma- 
tion of  bone,  on  fractures  in  general,  on 
dislocoliORS,  &c.,  and  a  tepttate  volume 
on  fractures  and  dislocations  ;  and  haa 
shown  his  veneration   for  the   memory  of 


He  married, 
May  ^r,  1816.'  Mary-Anne,  daughter  of 
John  Keelioge.  eoq.  of  Broiboume,  Hert*., 
whom  he  has  left  bis  widow  with  a  nume- 
rous family. 

Prom  a  ;iuf  ■morfeni  eiami nation  of  Mr. 
Cooper's  body  it  appeared  that  the  imme- 
diate cause  of  bis  death  was  •  sodden  dht- 
tlon  of  blood  on  the  lungi,  irlnng  t>om 
maUrnanI  tort- throat. 

His  fuoenl  look  place  on  tbe  21illi  of 
August,  when  his  bixly  wat  deposited  ia 
tbe  family-raall  at  St.  M artin'i- in ■!!>«• 
Fields.  Lord  Pilinertlon  liaving  permitted 
"■  '-  -^   '■  -      ■-  tiMiilabe* 


1853.]       Obituary. — litv.  John  Olivet-  Hopkins,  M.A. 


317 


of  llie  deceucd  ■■  expresicd  in  hii  nill, 
noMitluIandlng  that  the  chuirli  it  non 
doMd  for  inlBnucnU.      The   coffin   was 


iiHi» 


.  M.A, 


Bkv.  Joh: 

Aliftat  1.  At  his  residence,  »t.  Ane- 
tin'B  Priory,  Shrewahnrj.  sged  43.  the 
Ber.  John  Oliver  Hopkine,  M.A.  Inaam- 
)MDt  of  St,  Mary's,  Slirevsbury,  and  Rural 
Dmd. 

Be  wai  bom  at  Fitz,  «o.  Sulop,  of 
wbicli  place  liii  grandfutliBr  and  rather 
irere  succesei*ely  Rectors :  and  nai  the 
eldest  son  of  (he  Rev.  William  Hopkini, 
H.A.  (who  died  April  Tth,  1846),  by 
Jemin]ii,rouiigeiit  daughter  of  Bald  Oliter, 
eiq.  of  Shrewibury.  He  received  the  rn- 
dfnents  of  his  education  at  n  respectable 
priMteiGsdemfin  Shrewsbury,  from  wLicIi 
be  was  sent  to  the  Hoyal  Free  Grsmmir 
School  ID  the  aame  town,  and  afterwards 
Ontered  at  Magdalen  College.  Cambridge, 
■here  he  proceeded  B.A.  in  1833. 

In  1833,  on  the  nomitution  of  Mrs. 
Corbet,  of  Sundome.  lie  was  presented 
to  the  perpetual  curacies  of  Uffington  and 
Battlefield,  near  Shrewibury.  in  which  he 
had  oatj  two  yeara  before  been  preceded  by 
the  pions  and  amiable  Re*.  Edward  Wil- 
lism*.*  On  the  elevation  of  Dr.  Butter  to 
the  Episcopate,  he  appointed  Mr.  Hop* 
kioa  to  the  office  of  Rural  Dean  of  tlie 
Deanery  of  Shrewsbury,  a  situation  for 
which  his  habits  of  business  well  tjualified 
him,  and  in  the  exercise  of  the  variouE  ilu- 
tiea  thereor  bis  *eri  ices  were  duly  recog- 
niaad  and  appreciated  by  the  clergy  ge- 

On  the  death  of  the  Rev.  W.  G.  Row- 
Und  (of  whom  a  memoir  was  given  in  vol. 
iMvU.  p.  99),  Mr.  HopWi 
eameat  invitation  to  becom 
in  the  ineumbency  of  St.  Mary's,  Shrews- 
bury, and,  although  nothing  could  exceed 
the  cordiality  and  uniform  attachment 
which  subsiited  between  himgeir  and  hia 
pariahiooers  at  Uffington  and  Battlefield, 
yet  from  a  deiire  to  be  usefnl  in  a  more 
extended  aphere  of  service,  he  decideil  to 
accede  to  the  requeit,  and  was  accordingly 
nnanimooBly  elected  to  St.  Mary's,  Dec, 
IGth,  18M,  by  the  five  Irustees  in  whom 
the  right  of  preientatiou  to  that  benefiee 

Poasesiing  a  thorough  knowledge  of 
parochial  duties,  and  a  disposition  dd- 
tnraUy  active,  he  entered  with  more  than 


ordinary  zeal  (yet  vrithont  any  forced  o 
traiiveneis]  upon  thedutiea  of  the  new  ai 
enlarged  situation  thns  asiiigoed  to  him. 
The  beoevolence  of  hii  heart  was  evinced, 
not  only  by  the  earncitneaB  with  which  he 
promoted  every  [neastire  calculated  to 
aasist  the  present  caaifort  and  future  hap. 
nets  of  those  entruited  to  bis  charge,  hut 
also  in  the  exercise  of  good  will  In  those 
minute  acl»  of  kindness  which  exhibit  the 
unstudied  suggestions  of  Christian  cour- 
tesy and  genuine  amenity  of  manners.  He 
soon  gained  an  ascendancy  among  the 
people  ofliis  pariah,  which  added  weight 
to  hia  pastoral  character ;  and,  having 
thus  secured  their  esteem  and  confidence, 
he  was  the  better  enabled  to  discharge  his 
miniiterisl  functions  with  efficacy  and  ac- 

His  beneficence,  like  that  of  hit  revered 
predecessor,  waa  without  ostentation  in  the 
assistance  he  afforded  to  hia  poor  parlih- 
"     cordially  patronised   the  v 


institc 


with    the 


Established  Church,  whether  in  reference 
to  the  extension  of  its  lervices  in  popu- 
lous districts  at  home,  or  in  foreign  parts  ; 
the  support  of  schools,  or  the  relief  of  the 
widows  or  orphan*  of  clergymen ;  and 
also  furthered  such  other  usefnl  uistitu- 
tions  as  were  more  immediately  coo  nee  led 
with  the  town. 

During  several  years  he  acted  as  an 
upright  and  indefHtigBble  magistrate  of  the 
county  of  Salop  and  a  visiting  justice  of  the 
prison,  the  onerous  duties  of  which,  how- 
ever, he  declined  on  hi*  apjiointment  to  the 
cure  of  St.  Mary's. 

As  a  preacher  he  was  highly  acceptable; 
his  discourses  exemphfied  the  graces  of  the 
spirit  in  the  great  matters  of  faith  and 
practice,  and  were  so  impressive  as  to 
touch  the  conscience,  and  animate  the 
affections ;  whilst  the  devotional  spirit 
which  pervaded  his  exercise  of  the  offices 
of  the  church  showed  that  he  felt  the 
dignity  and  responsibility  of  the  solemnity 
in  whiah  he  was  engaged 

It  may  here  he  noticed,  that  at  this 
time  there  is  in  course  of  completion  in 
St.  Mary's  church  an  elegant  stone  pulpit, 

to  the  late  Rev.  W.  G,  Rowland.  From 
this  it  was  only  permitted  Mr.  Hopkins  to 
address  his  congregation  on  one  Sabbath. 
The  death  of  Mr.  Hopkins  was  a 
striking  instance  of  the  nncertainty  of  Vila, 
Wednesday,  July  27,  being  fixed  ai  the 
Tiaitatioo  of  the:  Lord  Bishop,  of  Uch- 
lield,  he  preached  an  eameat  and  forcible 
sermon  at  St.  Chad's  church,  Shrewsbury, 
from  the  words  "  Ye  are  the  *    ' 

earth."     He   then  appeared   i: 
health  snJ  spirits,  as  also  on  the  P 

when  be  olBoiaieil  at  the  moriiiiif  s 


318     Obituary. — Dr.  James  Mtkin. — Mr.  John  Struthers.     [Sept. 


•t  St.  Mary^s  church.  On  the  Saturday 
he  fuffered  from  an  attack  of  eryiipelaa  in 
the  face,  which,  although  somewhat  mode- 
fied  by  medical  treatment,  increased  so 
rapidly  on  the  Monday  erening,  that  be- 
fore midnight  his  sun  had  set  in  its  meri- 
diaiii  causing,  when  his  decease  became 
known,  a  general  feeling  of  regret  among 
aU  classes  of  his  fellow-townsmen  at  his 
premature  removal  from  among  them. 

In  1840  Mr.  Hopkins  published  a  ser- 
mon preached  at  St  Chad's  church, 
Shrewsbury,  in  behalf  of  the  Societies  for 

fromoting  Christian  Knowledge  and  the 
ropagation  of  the  Gospel ;  and  in  1841 
another  preached  in  the  same  church  at 
ihe  Primary  Visitation  of  the  Right  ReT. 
James  Lord  Bishop  of  Lichfield.  A  Me- 
morial has  been  respectably  signed,  re- 
questing the  publication  of  that  preached 
only  a  few  days  before  his  lamented  demise. 
Mr.  Hopkins  married  Beatrice-Julia, 
second  daughter  of  Egerton  Leigh,  esq. 
of  Highleigb,  co.  Chester,  by  whom  he  had 
no  issue. 

On  the  day  of  his  funeral  the  Mayor 
■nd  body  corporate,  thirty  clergymen, 
and  nearly  two  hundred  inhabitants  and 
friends,  attended  his  remains  from  his  resi- 
dence to  St.  Mary's  church.  The  burial 
MTvice  was  read  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Kennedy, 
Head  Master  of  Shrewsbury  School,  and 
the  body  deposited  in  a  brick  grave  in  the 
north-east  angle  of  the  churchyard.  On 
the  following  Sunday  the  Yen.  John 
AHen,  Archdeacon  of  Salop,  preached  an 
a|>propriate  sermon  at  St.  Mary's  church, 
from  Psalm  zxxvi.  v.  7,  8,  9,  in  reference 
to  the  melancholy  event. 

Dr.  Jambs  Melvin. 

Lately,  Aged  58,  Dr.  James  Melvin, 
Rector  of  the  Grammar  School  of  Aber- 
deen, which  office  he  had  held  for  nearly 
30  years. 

Dr.  Melvin's  life  was  passed  unobtra* 
slyely  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties  as 
principal  of  the  classical  seminary  of  his 
native  city.  As  a  profound  and  accurate 
Latin  scholar,  however,  and  as  an  earnest, 
indefatigable,  and  successful  teaclier,  he 
has,  probably,  left  few  equals  either  in 
Scotland  or  in  England.  The  study  of 
Latinity  was  with  him  a  passion  ;  and  he 
wrote  Latin  with  a  purity  and  elegance 
rarely  attained  by  modem  scholars.  In  his 
capacity  as  a  teaclier,  instruction  in  the 
Latin  language  became,  with  him,  more 
than  that  mere  dabbling  in  a  dead  tongue 
which  our  educational  reformers  have  in 
Tiew  when  they  attack  classical  studies. 
He  taught  it  so  thoroughly,  made  his  pu- 
pils interpret  out  every  particle  of  the 
meaning  of  the  authors  whom  they  read  so 
ponctiliously,  was  so  severe  on  a  bad  con- 


struction or  a  false  quantity,  that  to  learn 
Latin  from  him,  though  it  was  only  Latin, 
was  to  be  disciplined  in  accuracy  and  re- 
search on  all  subjects  for  the  whole  of  one^s 
life.  lie  was  among  the  last  of  those 
teachers  of  the  fine  old  school,  now  wear- 
ing out  of  fashion,  who  regarded  method 
and  intellectual  training  as  the  great  end 
of  teaching,  rather  than  the  supply  of  a 
large  quantity  of  interesting  miscellaneous 
information.  In  carrying  out  this  view ' 
he  was  greatly  assisted  by  the  impressive - 
ness  of  his  character.  Strict,  conscien- 
tious, candid,'  and  kindly,  he  was  regarded 
by  his  pupils  with  a  species  of  affectionate 
awe,  and  by  the  city  where  he  lived  with 
pride  and  respect.  Altogether,  morally, 
ne  was  a  man  after  the  stamp  of  Dr.  Ar- 
nold. Of  his  learning  and  rare  Latin 
scholarship  the  only  literary  relic  is  a 
Latin  Grammar; — the  laboriousness  of 
his  professional  duties  having  prevented 
him  from  going  far  with  an  undertaking  on 
which  he  at  one  time  set  his  heart — the 
compilation  of  a  thoroughly  good  Latin 
Dictionary. 

His  body  was  followed  to  the  grave  by 
the  magistrates  and  a  large  concourse  of 
the  citizens  of  Aberdeen — and  he  will  be 
long  remembered  by  hundreds  of  his  old 
pupils,  now  scattered  over  the  world. 


Mr.  John  Struthers. 

Aug.  7.  At  Gorbals,  Glasgow,  in  his 
7Bth  year,  Mr.  John  Struthers,  author  of 
"The  Poor  Man's  Sabbath,''  and  other 
poems. 

The  works  of  this  humble  follower  of 
the  muees  were  recently  collected  by  him- 
self in  two  tasteful  volumes :  *  and  pre- 
fixed is  an  autobiography  of  rare  interest 
to  all  who  value  an  authentic  contribution 
towards  the  still  unwritten  history  of  the 
lowly  firesides  of  Scotland  at  the  close  of 
the  last  and  the  early  part  of  the  present 
century.  From  that  source  we  find  that 
this  estimable  and  pious  man  was  born  at 
Forefaulds,  a  cottage  built  upon  the  estate 
of  Longcalderwood,  in  the  parish  of  East 
Kilbride,  Lanarkshire,  on  the  18  th  of  July, 
1776.  Hit}  father  was  a  shoemaker :  and, 
like  Bloomfield,  our  poet  was  for  many 
years  a  craftsman  of  St.  Crispin.  In  the 
earlier  sections  of  his  memoir  there  are 
many  vivid  sketches  of  the  scenes  of  his 
iiifancy  :  and  his  reminiscences  as  a  "  herd  ** 
(Anglice  shepherd)  are  dewy  and  odorous 
as**Castlemilk  and  Cathkins  bonnie  braes  *' 
themselves.  Throughout  the  autobiography 
there  are  scattered  and  very  pleasing  me- 
morials of  many  saintly  individuals  in 
humble  life ;  and  also  playfully  sarcastic, 

*  2  vols.  12mo.  1850.  London  and 
Edinburgh.    A.  Pullarton  and  Co. 


1858.] 


Obituary. — Salts  Schwabe,  Esq, 


319 


or  perhaps  we  should  say  humorous  no- 
tices of  bis  various  masters  and  mistresses 
and  eke  of  his  fellow  servants.  Altogether 
it  is  a  plain,  unpretending,  delightfully 
simple,  chatty,  and  thoughtful  production. 
The  "  Poor  Man's  Sabbath,'^hl8  earliest 
and  by  much  his  best  poem,  was  first 

Sblished  in  1804,  previously  to  "The 
bbath  *'  of  James  Grahame,  a  fact  which 
It  Is  the  more  necessary  to  state  from  an 
incidental  inadvertency  of  Lockhart  in  his 
life  of  Scott  in  noticing  the  **  third  edition" 
which  was  printed  by  Ballantine  for  Con- 
stable, and  published  under  the  auspices 
of  Sir  Walter  and  Joanna  Baillie.  The 
poet  modestly  and  affectionately  acknow* 
ledges  the  kindly  attentions  of  Scott  and 
Mii»  Baillie.  He  was  a  welcome  visitor 
at  Castle  Street  when  he  happened  to  be  in 
Edinburgh ;  and  the  distinguished  poetess 
sought  him  out  in  the  Gorbals  when  on  a 
tour  to  her  native  Scotland.*  The  '*  Poor 
Man's  Sabbath  *'  met  with  immediate 
success  and  passed  through  various  editions 
in  rapid  succession;  and  now  for  nearly 
half  a  century  it  has  been  regarded  as  a 
Scotish  lowly  classic.  The  entire  poem 
has  an  autumnal  pensiveness  flung  around 
it.  There  is  a  vein  of  tender  reflection, 
scintillations  of  fine  fancies,  single  felicitous 
images  (such  as  the  exquisite  one  of  the 
Robin  Red  Breast,  that  like  a  "  falling 
leaf"  comes  "  wavering  bye,"),  a  pervading 
pathos,  and,  above  all,  a  sweet  unction  in 
this  poem  that  must  long  preserve  for  it 
(if  we  may  be  allowed  to  quote  from  Fer- 
guson) a  **  far-ben  corner  ''  in  the  Scotish 
heart.  When  the  *'  Poor  Man's  Sabbath  " 
was  published,  Struthers  was  employed  as 
a  working  shoemaker.  In  1806  appeared 
"The  Peasant's  Death,"  intended  to  be  a 
sequel  to  the  **  Sabbath."  It  met  vrith 
the  same  success  as  the  former.  In  1811 
appeared  **  The  Winter's  Day,"  and  in 
1816  ••  The  Plough."  Excepting  "  Dych- 
mont,*^  which  was  originally  published  in 
1836,  this  embraces  all  his  longer  poems. 
Tliey  have  been  again  and  again  reprinted, 
single  and  collected.  In  1817-18  Struthers 
edited  "  The  Harp  of  Caledonia,"  in  three 
volumes,  a  collection  of  the  songs  of 
Scotland.  To  this  collection,  Scott,  Joanna 
Baillie,  Mr.  William  Smyth  of  Cambridge, 
Mrs.  John  Hunter,  and  other  famous 
writers  sent  various  voluntary  contril^u- 
tions.  The  work,  now  somewhat  scarce 
complete,  was  undertaken  at  the  request  of 
Mr.  Fullarton  of  the  publishing  firm  of 
Khull,  Blackie,  and  Co.  Glasgow,  in 
whose  establishment,  by  this  time,  the  poet 

*  A  mis-print  1818  for  1808  in  p.  xcix 
perplexes  the  chronology  and  makes  errant 
the  statement  as  to  the  priority  in  publica- 
tion of  the  "  Poor  Man's  Sabbath." 


had  gotten  himself  ensconced  as  a  proof 
corrector,  &c. 

Besides  his  poems,  Struthers  was  the 
author  of  "  The  History  of  Scotland  from 
the  Union  in  1707  to  1827,"  a  work  of 
research  and  valuable  for  its  materials. 
He  likewise  furnished  to  his  employers  a 
great  number  of  biographies  which  have 
since  been  incorporated  in  ChamberaVi 
Lives  of  Eminent  Scotsmen. 

In  1832-3  he  was  appointed  to  the  office 
of  librarian  in  Stirling's  Library,  Glasgow, 
an  office  held  by  him  till  within  a  few 
years  ago,  and  which  only  a  change  in  the 
constitution  of  the  library,  involving  more 
arduous  duties  than  the  venerable  poet  was 
either  able  or  willing  to  undertake,  caused 
him  to  resign.  The  present  writer  is  not 
aware  how  he  spent  his  closing  years.  It 
is  to  be  hoped  that  they  did  not  illustrate 
the  poet's  fate ;  and  indeed  we  have  reason 
to  conclude  they  did  not,  though  the 
death  of  his  first  wife,  a  fitting  "help- 
meet," was  a  bitter  sorrow  to  him ;  and 
he  was  again  left  a  widower  in  1847. 
Lightly  lie  the  turf  upon  the  grave  of  this 
not  the  least  of  the  sacred  poets  of  Scot- 
land. 


Salis  Schwabe,  Esq. 

Juli/  23.  In  Anglesea,  from  a  sudden 
attack  of  scarlet  fever,  Salis  Schwabe,  esq. 
of  Manchester,  merchant. 

Mr.  Schwabe  was  a  native  of  Oldenburg, 
where  he  was  born  at  the  commencement 
of  the  century,  but  removed  to  Glasgow 
soon  after  the  close  of  the  war,  and  in  1832 
became  a  resident  of  Manchester.  As  a 
manufacturer  and  merchant  he  was  emi- 
nently successful,  and  acquired  consider- 
able wealth,  a  liberal  portion  of  which  he 
devoted  to  aiding  the  cliarities  and  other 
institutions  of  the  city.  He  was,  amongst 
other  great  movements,  a  liberal  contri- 
butor to  the  funds  of  the  Anti- Corn-law 
League,  and  subsequently  to  the  Great 
Exhibition  in  London.  After  the  free- 
trade  movement  had  been  crowned  with 
success  he  accompanied  Mr.  Cobden,  M.P. 
on  his  continental  tour.  His  loss  will  be 
deeply  felt  at  Manchester,  where  his  many 
social  qualities,  in  addition  to  his  great 
hospitality  and  charitable  liberality,  had 
endeared  him  to  a  large  circle  of  its  high- 
est and  worthiest  citizens. 

He  has  received  the  honours  of  a  funeral 
of  almost  public  character.  The  mayors 
of  Manchester  and  Salford,  and  depute* 
tions  from  the  Manchester  School  of  De- 
sign, Royal  Institution,  Athenieum,  and 
other  public  institutions,  were  present, 
and  a  line  of  more  than  forty  private  car« 
riages  formed  part  of  the  cortege. 

He  has  bequeathed  a  legacy  of  3000/. 
to  the  Manchester  Infirmary,  and  the  like 


320 


Obituary.^/?.  HarrUd,  Esq. — Clergy  Deceased.     [Sept 


amount  to  the  Mandiater  Rojal  lunatic 

Hospital. 

RoBEKT  UA&miLO,  Eso. 

July  28.  At  his  residence,  Roond  Hill 
Villa,  Sydenham,  after  maoj  months*  ill- 
ness, Robert  Harrild,  esq. 

Mr.  Harrild  was  weU-known  as  one  of 
the  largest  dealers  in  the  materiab  neces- 
sary  for  the  art  of  printinf ,  to  the  im- 
prorement  of  which  he  materially  contri- 
buted. He  practically  introduced  the  use 
of  '*  the  roller,"  as  a  substitute  for  the  old 
"  balls**  of  Caxton,and  its  adoption  soon 
led  to  the  fabrication  of  machines.  With 
the  balls,  about  150  to  200  copies  of  a 
newspaper  was  the  greatest  speed  that 
could  be  attained  in  an  hour.  With  the 
cylindrical  movement,  dependent  upon  the 
rollers,  however,  newspapers  are  now 
printed  at  the  rate  of  10,000  and  even 
15,000  per  hour.  These  changes  in  an  art 
to  which  he  was  warmly  attached  were 
watched  by  Mr.  Harrild  with  the  greatest 
interest,  and  were  aided  by  every  means 
in  bis  power.  His  factories  in  Friday- 
street,  and  afterwards  in  Distaff-lane,  ob- 
tained a  wide  reputation,  and  were  the  re- 
sort of  printers  from  all  parts  of  this  king- 
dom  and  its  colonies.  Latterly  he  occu- 
pied also  extensive  warehouses  in  Farring- 
don-street.  In  the  course  of  his  mer- 
chandise he  discovered  the  original  press 
at  which  Franklin  worked,  in  London,  in 
the  years  1735-6,  and  preserved  it,  and  a 
few  years  ago  he  presented  it  to  the  Ame- 
rican government,  which  is  now  exhibiting 
it  at  the  New  York  Exhibition.  It  was 
previously  (in  1841)  exhibited  at  the 
Medi&il  Institution  at  Liverpool,  and  a 
lecture  on  the  Life  of  Dr.  Franklin  was 
delivered  there  by  the  Rev.  Hugh  M*Neilc, 
from  the  united  profits  of  which  exhibition 
and  lecture  (the  latter  was  subsequently 
published)  150/.  were  transmitted  through 
Messrs.  Harrild,  towards  the  support  of 
«  The  Franklin  Pensioner  "  of  the  London 
Printers'  Pension  Society. 

Active  and  energetic  in  his  business, 
Mr.  Harrild  was  not  less  so  in  his  support 
of  the  charities  of  the  city  of  London  ; 
many  of  which  are  indebted  to  his  zeal  for 
reforms  made  at  his  suggestion.  His  phi- 
lanthropy was  eminently  distinguished  at 
the  time  of  the  New  Poor  Law,  when  he 
became  a  guardian.  Even  after  his  retire- 
ment from  London,  he  retained  this  office, 
and  for  the  performance  of  its  duties  he 
not   only  received  a  splendid   service  of 

Elate  from  the  inhabitants  of  his  parish  and 
is  brothers  in  office,  but  what  was  still 
more  valued  by  him,  the  thanks  of  the  poor 
themselves. 

About  thirty  years  ago  he  fixed  upon 
Sydenhtm  as  his  future  residence.    It  was 
18 


then  nerriy  a  wild  oommon ;  gypaiea  were 
to  be  seen,  with  tfaeir  teats  on  die  hiQ 
side.  Tliere  were  but  very  fev  pi^ilie 
eonveyanees,  and  altogether  it  appeared  as 
thoo^  in  thebeartoftheooontry.  Toils 
change  of  chsncter  Mr.  Harrild  has  eon- 
tribi^ted  largdy;  Tilla  after  villa  has  spniDg 
op  upon  his  property,  and  his  example  has 
been  followed  rapidly  by  othera.  Theaob- 
stitution  of  the  Croydon  railroad  §or  the 
okl  canal  greatly  accelerated  this  proeeas. 

Partial  to  borticnltare,  he  devoted  his 
leisure  to  the  production  of  the  finest 
fruits  and  flowers  ;  and  at  the  local  shows 
the  produce  of  his  forcing  honses  was  ge- 
nerally selected  for  prises.  As  a  friend, 
he  was  warm  and  generous  ;  as  a  parent, 
kind  and  devoted.  In  fiut,  in  all  the  rela- 
tioDs  of  life,  he  secured  the  esteem  and 
attachment  of  his  friends,  and  his  loss  will 
he  truly  felL  In  his  last  hours  he  ordered 
that  all  his  dependents  should  reoeire  some 
gift  as  a  testimony  to  his  memory,  accom- 
panied vrith  his  best  wishes  for  their 
future  welfare.  Between  the  paroxysms 
of  pain,  he  expressed  a  complete  resigna- 
tion to  the  will  of  Providence,  and  a  per- 
fect reliance  upon  the  intercession  of  his 
Redeemer. 

Mr.  Harrild  has  left  by  his  wiU  1000^ 
subject  to  two  lives,  the  interest  of  which, 
in  connection  with  the  sum  already  col- 
lected by  the  old  Press  of  Franklin,  b  to 
be  invested  until  it  reaches  the  amount  of 
40/.  per  annum,  when  two  Pensioners  are 
to  be  elected,  being  decayed  overseers  of 
more  than  seven  years*  standing  in  one 
office,  to  receive  20/.  each. 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 

Jmm  12.  At  Kingston,  Jamaica,  the  Rev.  C.  A. 
C<H>pfr,  of  St.  Tliomas  in  the  East,  Manchevneal, 
youngevt  son  of  Mrs.  Cooper,  of  Aston  Old  Hall, 
Newport,  Shropt^ire. 

Jun<  1 8 .  Aged  &0,  the  Rev.  Jante*  CuUkaw  Pasrr^ 
Rector  of  Stanton  WyriUe,  Leic.  (1852).  He  was 
the  youngest  son  of  the  Ute  Thomas  FajT,  esq.  of 
Poole ;  and  was  of  Trinity  college,  Cambridge, 
BA.  1825,  M.A.  1828. 

Jnnt  20.  At  \^ltney,  Oxfbrdnhire,  aged  83,  the 
Rev.  Charles  Jerram,  Rector  of  that  place,  and  lato 
Vicar  of  Chobluun,  Surrey.  He  was  of  liagdalene 
college,  Cambridge,  where  he  obtained  the  Norri- 
sian  prize  for  the  best  casay  on  a  sacred  sut^ect  in 
17%,  and  graduated  D.A.  1797,  the  last  on  the 
list  of  Wranglers,  M.A.  1800.  He  was  for  some 
time  Minister  of  St.  John's  chapel  in  London  ;  was 
presented  to  Chobham  in  1810,  by  S.  Thornton, 
es^.  and  to  Witney  in  1834  by  the  Bishop  of  Win- 
chester. On  entoing  upon  that  extensive  parish 
he  immeiUately  promoted  the  erection  of  two  cha- 
pels, at  the  hamlets  of  Curbridge  and  Crawley : 
they  were  opened  for  divine  service  in  1896, 
and  conseiTated  in  1847.  In  1849,  a  third  was 
erected  at  Wood  (.ireen  for  the  use  of  Uie  poor 
redding  in  the  nortlicrn  district  of  the  town  :  to 
this  he  contributed  tlie  sum  of  500/.  He  printed 
in  1829  "The  Commission,  Qualiflcations,  and 
Duty  of  the  Christian  Minister.  A  Sermon 
preached  at  Guildford,  at  the  Primar>'  Visitation 
of  the  Bishop  of  Winchester." 


Clergy  Defeaned. 


AhcVI.  AI  Hlotnn  Waldilit,  BuIu,  igsd  UI, 
Iha  Rav.  Otery  Slirmod  Bvmi,  Rector  of  Ihut 

Kdi.  Bfl  wu  or  Pvmbnilii  collsn,  Oiibiil, 
.IMB.ILA,  1811. 
fflJ^|||^  3Z.  At  CMlenlock.  NoHliimptnnihiro, 
it,  as  Ret,  Alumltr  JtacJomilil,  Vku  or 
puiita.  Us  iru  af  QDKm'g  colloge,  Cua- 
Wte,  D-D.  ISU !  una  »«  prcHntnl  lo  Congr- 
•toek  In  IMl  tv  Uw  EuL  of  Wtwnanland. 

Al  KM  Loau.  IiIe  ot  Hu.  tgta  11,  lbs  Rut. 
A19A  ^HllmivK.  Vlc«  oT  thm  jwiiii,  u  whlrh 
bampiMnudbr  EheKlng.ln  IH14. 

AhM.  Al  hJJow,  Wore,  the  toi.  ffmtTi 
Ai9*  Sanmi.  Vlur  ur  Uut  puliti,  1  PnMn- 
ObT  dI  WoKHMr,  and  EumlDiniF  ClimUin  to 
Oa  HdMp  or  Woreutor.  He  iru  or  J»ii>  cal- 
MSSi  Cunbndge,  D.A.  ISW,  lt.A,  Liad.  Ha  luid 
bMB  far  mutj  3ttit  EumlnlDe  ChiqiWn  to  Uu 
BWiop  ol  VromtCT  i  bjr  wbomliB  wu  wlliilrt  lo 
BM  nelDir  of  St.  Nkholu,  WnmnH-,  Id  1«43, 
ladtD  Uw  TtaniNo'  lUlow  In  l«U,  Hsring 
ittftnd  ftff  loiiH  tjmfl  from  tHrvoua  BKdCemont, 
ia  lud  wlthdnwn  from  nil  ulln  datv  li«  (be  iti. 
TiM  of  nil  madlcal  idTlKri  bnl,  rUIng  fmm  bed 
■I  1  •.B.  far  tba  purpDH  of  Uklna  ■  compnilng 
OnHcht,  k«  Gut  hit  ttaroit  wllli  *  ruor,  ielan  hli 
vtito  ma  otde  to  pnrent  Urn. 

JumU.  Al  Hunpsteid,  Hlddleiioi,  aged  88. 
tho  Hit.  CHarla  Hcitwitif,  Vfcar  ot  Bourn,  C«m- 
MdgHUra.  Bo  wu  or  Dnivanlty  roUtgt.  Oi- 
tifd,  D.A.  IIM.  and  mu  prttmied  lo  Iboricangs 
of  Baarn  la  1795  br  Cliriif  >  coUega,  CiiinbHd«e. 

At  Wamford.  Hunpilim,  ig?^  i^D.  tho  Rer. 
JUrtonl  AOfHi  fannuRr,  RHtor  ot  Ihnt  uuUh 
(IMI).    Ho  na  or  HulDD  coUcge.  Oilbrd.  BJk. 


nw.  tiKoi,  Vlcu-  ul  Uiai  place  juid  Beclor  ol 
Sm\  [[otler.  He  wu  or  l>airDlng  tollege,  B.A. 
law.  H.A.  18111  ud  wpmenitd  to  tnth  lili 
cliiiKlietbi'tlutiocMlrin  Jan.  IBtD, 

JtUM  4.  AE  Hiirm.  tin  Hn.  WaUrr  nuUnxHui 
PamR,  D.C.L.  Ohajiliiin  la  Iho  OaiTtson,  Fort  St. 
Qeoret.     Ho  *ai  ot  Worccner  wHtgc.  O  " 


0,  DlTeOon,  b 


te  knowledie  ot  Bcrlp- 
•'d  llwt  IhoBlblowr- 


Wriiingi  enabis  

laavatay  tmcher.  He  wh  >  man  c 
ilinpllcllr  and  nurllr  of  life,  and  a  1 
parbli  prisM.  Ttie  UtIiib  ie  In  Hid  u 
Ibe  Biddnlph  ftmnj  ot  Bnrlon  Part:. 


Jm.  a.    Al  NoluD.  New  Zaali 
lental  dlncharfe  ot  ^l^^  Bim.  Heni 

aeaq.  ot  Lambonrne,  Euei. 
.Vi.    At  rami  Creek,  Aai 

M.  imba  LeItJ 


Aunnlla.  aged   V. 


:.  Vincent,  on  Ills  luuuc 
Bcorerr  of  blfl  heiltb,  and 
:iirt«Mll,  Colonial  Chaplab 


And  ;  and  sradiMted  B.A.  18*11,  H.A-  18U. 

PdbtUitd  Id  IMl  ■'  FamUf  Kiadlngi  trom 

OonelofSLLiilie." 

Ah».    At  Sandy  Goto,  DnbHp, 

SnAvdalilre. 


Tba  Be*.  Wetord  IMi.  Redor  ot  Fleet,  nnr 

HDlbcaDli.Uno.  (1807).  UeinaDt  CorpuChrfni 
colhn.  Oamtrrtdn.  Incorponied  H.A.  I«D7. 

AtTarmonlh.lileor  Wlibt.  and  fli.  ttae  Rev. 
lUtwt  UIOi.  Keetor  of  chat  p«^.  He  waa  ot 
fktani  Buaei  nrileoa.  CamlirldEa.  B J),  tsa.  and 
THpnaenlcil  lo  hb  liilng  In  1841  liy  Uie  Lord 


q.andrDmwrljrotlhe  IMh  Regl. 
UP  noara  II.M.3.  Sphinx,  between  Trlncumalee 

Capl.  Liiqli.  al  the  ttonnbig  of  DooatKV.  In  Bar- 
inah,  ued  IS,  Lleot.  Bngb  Alan  BInde.  lata  mat* 

Rn-.  TboiDai  Hinde.  ot  Wlnwlck,  co.  Lanculer. 

ABTtllS.  Onblimylo  lUdiutoimbarkfDr 
England.  u«d  19.  Edward-Char1«.  oecond  ton  of 

Bombay  Cliil  Stnxw,  and  graodaoD  at  tbe  lata 
Col.  D.  Pratber.CB. 

Apra  18.  Al  Toong  D»n,  near  Sliewghecn, 
Bon»ali.aK»l»l,Capt.BdniDnd  Dtaner  Brno,  IK 
Enropean  Bengal  FiulUen.  and  late  AJl.C.  10 
Oen.  8I1  Cbarlo  Kapltr  1  Mcond  wn  at  Rear-Ada. 
Uie  Hon,  Henrr  Bjmg  (unda  to  Lord  Ttaomat 
TmrlnitDn)  by  Harla-Jaaa,  dan.  ot  lit*  Ban.  J. 
B-  Clania.  eiq.  TDemberof  eonndlalCapeBntoB. 
He  uBirled  In  Apiil  IBM  EUiabeth  Egbenha. 
dal.  of  the  lale  John  UonKf,  aiq.  Madrai  CMI 

Apn/'lB.    On 


On  hU  paHageto  AwKnUa.Th 
inngeit  ion  of  Hni.  Wylde,  ol 
jw  of  the  Rot.  Boberl  Wjlda.  V 


Bnnnah.  aged  13.  Capt.  E 


Mf  ).     Al  CoaiBlr  Bitili,  Fiith.  the   Rct. 

pBler-(  eplwo^  cbiiirh,  HDnBoK. 

At  hlsfatlu^r'i  licnn,  Llanerftl.  and  33,  lbs 
R«t.  iWmiMrf.'.-AnMiyJ.lnleCnrmteofTmni'lr- 
chlon.  llu  HELiirrunri^l'ataHege.Camb.  B.A.,1844. 

AlCalanii,  hi  Sicilf,  bOalTT.Of  areup-do-nlell, 
Ibe  BoT.  tKitia  >V.  odIt  son  ot  Ibe  K07.  DaTtd 
Jwca,  of  Manlo]'  SI.  LoooirdV.  mono. 

The  Bet,  /«>ia  jITgr^  WiAtjUki,  »Ji.  late  Ah 


™7tfss 


Into  KeT,  OodfTer  WoUer,  Rector  c 
Vicar  of  HulKm  Diulwl!,  Vorkdili' 

Aprff  3G.  Ac  Donabew  on  the 
19,  Wm.  Haynu.  exi.  tale  of  E' 
Aaaietant  Suveiw.  Mnd  Regl.  U.E.t.x^.a. 

AvrtiiO.  At  Hoolmeln,  aged  M.  Marlon,  wife 
ot  Capt.  T.  F.  Bparki.  ITtb  Madnu  Kal.  Inf.  laA 
DepniX-CanuD.  atltuniraon. 

AinL  AlCieeloDg,  N.S.W..Chalf*.HCond  UD 

and  Upper  Bedfcrd-pbFe.' 
Afort.    At  Calcutta,  aged  U,  Thotnaa  Tred. 
.  eu.  am  Ens.  of  the  fitama  DAM,  son  ot 
i.r..  tk™.,  TredgoW,  saq.  C.K. 

' —  "-ha,  aged  ».  Fraderlck-Wtl- 


Hat  !■'    KUlad  by  Ihe  bll  ctf  m _. 

Ita  raller  at  WantouD,  <a  U*  imrtll  of  Cuti-  .    .      . 

men.  u«l  "«.  ChriMoplis  Vrrtolil  Wn]r.  Anlil-  Minlu.  tali  wMov. 

wit Surcemi  HJ<. STUi  But  iiuTtlilcd  HO  of  Ihc  Myl.    At  EdJnbnnli.igul  69 

Utg  QM[(«  Wny.eiq.  ot  Clauby,  C»iil.  B«BgiiJ  '^   "  " —  ■■-—■-——  ■"■ 

&lGiuli,'*a4  SB,  Lk_ 
dlilait  wo  rfttit  lita  Tbeodnre  Hwlc.  nq. 
Al  NoMMnbHt.  M*!  **■  Adun  Gonlon  S .    .. . , 

a,    BomtMQ   Art,  Ihirt  Mw  of    C«|>1.  Ntwill. 
CJf.9. 
tfoiiti.    A[    Itingson,  igsil   is,    LL«l.-c 
Ohvlea  JiiM>  Cooii.  LJUi  It««i.  iliUi  Bti  id  i 

LiU  OWdlKT  C«»,  OH).  u(  Mennl  Ceoti.  UmrrteJL         Al  TlisftoB.  M  in  un 
At  KIdupon.  Bcagnl.  iut»l  ft.  Wm,  Chirlu      IM  Kn.  RaUrtToUar. 


UniwnM  St  Fmwndfl  Pn,  Mr.  G»r«( 
IcHuinn  DTttwUn  Bo.  T.  Bumitif, 


_      -     -.1  ibdrv.  igid  w,  iUrti-l(uv<u.  Fnnat-UuTlet.  fIiIhI  r 

wUBotCapI.  Balmii  Bauon.HN.I.  Uiuutl  EihniM  KUrftnti^.  «til. 

AmS.    Al  OtulIlBliiM,  0«r«  Df  0«i>]Hoi»,  AliiTHoiiH.SIninrHr.*Hm 

mid  tl.  Hudalliw-MnM,  irlh  of  tAs  Rn,  Wm.  of  Llral.-Oen.  JiAn  H-MM',  O.B. 

Long.  ChlpUlB  B(  Iba  EII0IA  EMKDIsI  CUbrIi.  At  St.  Loairt^.  (fad   IS.  Rn           _.. 

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or   Fmndi   Jukfoii,   aq.    Proroil   lUnlwl  oT  ths  Rn.  WIIUoi  Pi  _ 

-   iwu.  of  Wolli  and  Vlciir  ^ 

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.,      __  _.  ^ n    I     u — ....  „  ^  Allej™*.  MJI.  OlowMlBT -pi  Hyrtf  Pirt 

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.  .rinum  TriM.  Hq.  PtgrnuD 

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dnle-WIIUu.  Inlul  m  of  ttaa  Rlcbt  Bx.  t 

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M  BBMUn*  t>(  a  IHU  tn  rrvwnc  ttxi  hai  o*  Ibc  amint- 

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■fini  dlitHUkt*  frm  H.H.a.  Danu.  Ii«rlkat  Fcrklnt.  rv(.  M.D.  ktnlln  of  Bamr  iui4  rn4e- 

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....     _     _       — nbinj-  l^rleBa.u«Ca,df  Ua4M, 

ileST 


ia68.] 


Obituary. 


823 


Aged  77,  Ceeilia-SoMnna,  wills  of  R.  D.  Mack- 
tntiMli,  esq.  1C.D.  of  Exeter,  formeriy  of  Colchester. 

At  Iptwieh,  aged  63,  Ann,  relict  of  the  Rer.  W. 
Ptm^.  Ute  of  Hadleigh,  Suffolk. 

Jvijf  \h.  At  Soathsea,  Helena,  youngest  dau.  of 
tlw  late  Col.  Aslett,  Ck>mmandant  R.M. 

At  Newmarket,  aged  74,  Mr/ John  Clark,  sen. 
the  race-Judge  for  thirty  years  at  Newmarket, 
Doncaster,  Ascot,  Epsom,  and  many  other  places ; 
which  offlce  he  resigned  in  I8&2  to  his  son. 

At  Hastings,  aged  73,  Benjamin  Dutton,  esq. 
Commander  R.N.  He  entered  tlie  service  in  1799, 
was  employed  daring  tiie  whole  of  the  war,  until 
inralided  in  1814,  and  took  part  in  several  actions 
with  the  French  and  Danes.  He  was  made  Lieut. 
1811,  and  Commander  185  .  . 

At  Antigua,  In  the  house  of  her  brother.  Dr. 
W.  H.  Edwards,  aged  32,  Ellen,  sixth  dau.  of  Dr. 
Edwards,  of  Bloomsbury-sq.  and  formerly  of  Wil- 
ton, Devon. 

At  Bayswater,  aged  84,  Harding  Grant,  esq. 

At  HaTorstock-park,  Miss  Myatt,  late  of  Houn- 
slow. 

J^  16.  In  Wobum-iq.  aged  ao.  Catherine- 
Emma,  only  dau.  of  John  Cutler,  esq.  of  Sidmouth. 

In  the  Old  Kent-road,  aged  65,  Abraham  Cutto, 
esq.  solicitor,  many  years  in  the  Receiver-General's 
Offlce,  General  Post  Offlce. 

At  Notting-hill,  aged  77,  Frederick  Grigg,  esq. 
for  sixteen  years  Commissioner  of  Arbitration  at 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  under  the  Slave  Trade  Restriction 
Treaties. 

At  Sudbury,  Suff.  aged  80,  Mrs.  Sarah  Holman. 

Aged  61,  Mr.  James  Ions,  many  years  managing 
agent  of  the  plate-glass  works  in  Newcostle-upon- 
T^e. 

At  Honfleur,  Barr^  Phipps,  esq.  son-in-law  of 
Mr.  Pearson,  of  Sheffield. 

At  Tirrell  House,  near  Penrith,  Cumberland, 
ag«d  33,  John  Sykes,  esq.  only  son  of  Mrs.  Sykea, 
and  brother-in-law  of  the  late  Henry  Winch,  esq. 
of  Seacombe,  Cheshire. 

Jvfy  17.  Aged  34,  William  Bateman,  late  caohier 
of  the  Sailors'  Home,  Well-st.  Wellclose-sq. 

At  Stokesley,  aged  74,  Joseph  Buckle,  esq.  al- 
dennan  and  magistrate  and  twice  Lord  Mayor  of 
York. 

At  Crowcombe,  Som.  George  Bucknell,  esq. 

At  Scarborough,  aged  67,  John  Hill  Coulson, 
esq.  shipowner. 

Aged  61,  Mary,  wife  of  George  Eld,  esq.  of  Co- 
ventry. 

At  Paris,  aged  75,  Louisa,  widow  of  James  Ken- 
ney,  dramatic  author. 

JtOy  18.  At  Kingsland,  Middx.  aged  70,  .John 
Arthur,  esq.  M.D.  Deputy  Inspector  Gen.  of  Army 
Hospitals. 

At  Dawllsh,  age«l  76,  Francis  Berry,  esq. 

At  Great  Baddow,  Essex,  aged  61,  George  Clap- 
ham,  esq. 

At  Wiesbaden,  aged  43,  John  Craig  Freebaim, 
esq.  of  Cantray,  co.  InverncsM. 

In  the  Isle  of  Wight,  aued  25.  Ibberson,  young- 
est son  of  J.  W.  Izod,  fs>q.  of  Esher. 

At  Cheltenliara,  Major  Justinian  Nutt,  late  of 
Bombay  Eng. 

At  Blackheath,  Anna-Maria,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  Osborne  Tylden,  e«i.  of  Torre-hill,  Kent. 

At  Wolston  Manor,  near  Coventry,  aged  81, 
Wm.  Wilcox,  esq.  and  ^j/(7.  3,  aged  81,  Francos- 
Eliia,  his  widow. 

July  19.  At  Buutry  Houho,  tlic  Right  Hon. 
Mary  Countess  of  Bantry,  neice  to  the  Marquess  of 
Thomond.  She  wtw  tiie  third  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam the  second  Marquess,  K.P.  by  Elizabeth- 
Rebecca,  only  dau.  and  heir  of  Thomas  Trotter, 
esq.  of  Duleck  ;  was  married  on  the  1 1th  Oct. 
1836,  but  had  no  issue. 

At  Bruntingthorpe,  I^ic.  aged  62,  Elisabeth- 
Sarah,  wife  of  John  Clarke,  esq.  late  of  Peat- 
ling  Hall. 

At  Margate,  Catherine,  wife  of  Capt.  Gape,  R.N. 

At  Kingshind,   aged    32,    Mary-Ann,  wife   of 


Richard  Coleman  Henry  Groombridge,  of  Piter- 
noster-row,  bookseller. 

At  Ramsgate,  Henry,  eldest  son  of  Henry  £. 
Kendall,  jun.  esq.  of  Brunswick-sq. 

At  the  Lawn,  Kempsey,  Wore,  aged  82,  Harriet, 
relict  of  Samuel  Salisbury,  esq. 

At  the  Grange,  Great  Bowden,  aged  79,  George 
Seabroke,  esq. 

At  Hereford,  aged  92,  Jane-Catherine,  dau.  of 
the  late  Rev.  Henry  Venn,  successively  Vicar  of 
Huddersflcld  and  Rector  of  Yelling,  Hunts. 

At  Beverley,  aged  44,  George  Hanison  West,  esq. 

July  20.  At  Brinton,  Norfolk,  aged  72,  Mary, 
relict  of  the  Rev.  Theophilus  Ginilestone,  Rector 
of  Baconsthorpe  and  Bodham 

At  Sydenham,  Martha,  wife  of  Professor  Hoppnt, 
of  University  College,  London,  and  dan.  of  the 
late  Matthew  Devenlsh,  esq.  of  Bulford,  Wilts. 

At  Camberwell,  aged  76.  Charlotte,  relict  of 
Joseph  Lightfoot,  esq.  of  Walworth,  and  of  the 
Stock  Exchange. 

At  Exmonth,  Eliza- Ann,  eldest  dau.  of  J.  Tesche- 
maker,  esq.  D.C.L. 

July  21 .  At  Brighton,  aged  77,  George  Wllbra- 
ham  Browne,  esq.  late  of  the  E.I.C.'s  service. 

At  Chislett,  Kent,  aged  86,  John  Collard,  esq. 
lato  of  Broomfield. 

In  London,  Col.  Charles  Comwallis  Dansey, 
C.B.  R.  Art.  He  entered  the  service  in  1803,  Mrved 
in  the  Peninsula,  was  slightly  wounded  at  Burgot, 
and  severely  at  Waterloo.  ^ 

At  Bellevue,  Clifton,  James  Howard,  esq. 

At  the  residence  of  her  son-in-law,  Charles  P. 
Millard,  esq.  Tottenham,  aged  67,  Sarah,  widow  of 
Antliony  Hunt,  R.N.  of  Maidstone. 

At  Nervi,  near  Genoa,  aged  67,  tlie  Right  Hon. 
Mary  Countess  of  Minto.  She  was  the  eldest  dau. 
of  Patrick  Brydone,  esq.  was  married  to  Lord 
Minto  in  1806,  and  had  issue  fourteen  children,  of 
whom  the  second  daughter  is  Lady  John  Russell. 
Her  remains  were  interred  in  the  family  vault  at 
Minto  Castle,  N.B. 

In  consequence  of  being  thrown  from  his  chaise 
near  Croydon,  Mr.  Jesse  Oldfleld.  He  formerly 
resided  in  Leicester,  and  married  the  daughter  of 
Mrs.  Dewell  (who  kept  the  Bull  and  Butcher 
pablichouse,  Gallowtree-gate,  now  the  Castle  Ta- 
vern), ])y  whom  he  had  two  children.  After  the 
birth  of  his  second  child  he  left  the  town  under 
mysterious  circumstances,  and  was  not  heard  <wr 
by  his  wife  for  many  years,  until  the  publication 
of  his  name  in  various  Chancery  proceedings  with 
the  celebrated  Mr.  Cobbett  induced  her  to  visit 
London,  when  she  discovered  "  Jesse  Oldfleld  "  to 
be  her  long-lost  husband.  She  died  several  years 
after,  and  deceased  has  left  a  wife  and  family  to 
deplore  his  loss. 

At  Glanrhydw,  aged  74,  John  E.  P.  Saunders, 
e.sq.  one  of  the  oldest  magistrates  of  Carmarthensh. 

At  Birmingham,  aged  48,  Clement-Cotterill 
Scholetield,  esq.  eldest  son  of  the  late  Joshua 
Scholefleld,  esq.  M.P. 

At  Pimlico.  Lydia,  relict  of  William  Stebblng, 
esq.  late  of  Clapham. 

In  Camden  Town,  aged  78,  Edward  Tredway,e.«q. 

July  22.  At  Abthorpe  Vicarage,  aged  44,  Har- 
riet, wife  of  the  Rev.  Thos.  Coldwell. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  82,  John  Dowding,  esq. 
of  Martley,  Worcestersh. 

At  Hampstead,  aged  77,  John  James  Halls,  esq. 
eldest  son  of  the  late  James  Halls,  esq.  of  Col- 
chester. 

At  Brecon,  age<i  88,  Arabella,  relict  of  Edward 
Otto  Ives,  esq.  of  Colards,  near  Tichfleld,  Hants, 
and  formerly  Resident  at  Lucknow. 

At  Bordeaux,  aged  77,  Susan,  relict  of  William 
Johnston,  esq.  of  that  city. 

At  Kensington,  aged  42,  Letitia,  wife  of  Mi^or 
L,  Murray  Prior,  D.L. 

Miss  Elixa  Morrill,  of  Park-oroad.  Twickenham. 

H.  C.  Reily,esq.  Oatlands-park,  architect. 

Aged  37,  J.  Stanley  Rellly,  esq.  architect. 

At  Alceeter,  aged  47,  Sarah-Blsbop,  fourth  dav. 


a,  CuiJu. 

AI  Arnndd,  iWEd  M.  Jine.  relict 
[JptmrlHii  nq.  of  SmDptlDr. 

Jrlfa.    MNa>niigt(iD-g7eeD,igfil7«,Jali»h 
iltel  AjdId.  eH|. 

At  TBimrVhUl.  Clietbnnl.  used  90.  Hit.  Oat 


OXITUAHT. 

'oDd  End, 
i[  Edmrd 


a-oft.  eaq,  at  Honhini,  tif  Sanli.  < 

StBAlfl,  tta.  ot  BHiapbiettt  Sua — 

la  lUa  lo  tier  coutn  Ur.  King. 

King.  Iiy  CbulutU  Tredcren ;  i 


[Sept. 

](  HoUiaiiJd  Tml- 


Bmnd,  Etnul,  rDuoBHl  u 

ued  IT.  Henry,  ton  i 

MTC»=Mr, 
hbrwHt,  wlA  jtf  George  Hurlt 

le  wu  the  diuffhter  of  Ilio  1«i 
wu  mvTlnl  ID  laoi .  and  bi 
he  lue  Oeorire  DrnnuBond.  w 


At  Bin,  ic«l  3S.  Georgu  Clinloii  Bunbnt)' 
Wynyanl,  lag-  U.H.  Coniul  nl  tliUpan.lNnfuMI 
ma  o(  tlw  Bar.  If.  J.  Wynxju^k  Ifector  of  We4 

.fa^  >£.     Al  Huulluui-tm.  SI.  JotanVwood, 
u»d  AG,  WUltani  Bin.  e«. 
Agtd  n.  Mrx.  AraMli  filcldnion.  of  Selbr. 
AI  OiAicd.  aged  tS.  Jew  EUUtoD,  nq.  UM  of 

Aged  to,  Ilu7-Anii.  wifi  of  Aleuniler  trtmt. 
of  Oslvtcli,  Cliwlwiisd,  Sumjr.  «<1-  «I4*^  i<u> 
oflht  IiMJobu  HlMgo.  ot  BrtitaD.  oq. 

EllubMh-Tdtt,  irTik  of  WiUluo  GUIud,  cq. 


n  ITpUm,  S 


k,  esq.  otBiWi  CtntrehJ«M. 

It  IIewnuUs-OD-T]rne.  George,  third  ion  of  ttit 

3  AtidrewHolibi,  wi.of  Lfoilngtdn, 

LI  Parii,  iged  tl.  Bvtha,  jreiiDgeit  dio.  ot  Iha 

-  -   ird  HawkB  Lodur.  Mq.    Her  d*Uli  vaa 


Al  LBMnw,  (fed  ID,  OUurlne-Anne-Lncjr-      oiiuad  Iqr  li|)urte>  rwdrWI  ■  tortnlatil  totonk  lo 
Spring,  wIIb  «  Uenry  Cowper  Xin^l,  «Bq,of     conHQUBUce  df  ber  drei*  CAtdilns  me. 
tecbi  and  OKOtid  dw.  of  I»rd  HmleiglB.    Sba         Al  Cttelna.  egad  16.  yidia,  anlT  lurrlTtaig  dn. 


[jdia,ai 


Kuben  C.  MuDd^.  mi.  of 
At  SoDthvopIon.  ogvd  flA.  V 
Al  Biitb.  iged  M.  Jobu  F, 


u  Minn  KorMi. 
[■rlhonugli-nHd. 

1.  ■lure]'  pHr7, 


ma  niuricd  In  IMT.  of  theUU  CbrMiiFher  fliampion  Hull 

Aged  n.  John  lleMll«T,ei«.«ISooUiHaekiie)'.  Uerrlnglnn  HiH  and  Kaidni  Lodge,  D 

Al  Ghent,  aged  11,  Mary-Jane,  wlfc  ot  Joh-  ■ -■  "■  "' -  •---  "- 

Ban  OUrer,  cmi-  nlietMr.  of  St.  SwUhliiVlane  an 

Bnuulle*.  Ibnnerly  of  LoDghhoroaxh.  L«k~ 
At  London,  aged  U,  Jofan  Bielwrda,  eai|.  < 

Oaleahead,  ud  RareBJow.  SiAalfleldi. 
Aged  84,  Hr.  Oeotgi  UaUMtu  Weleb,  of  Sallt- 

tuWulotUHpartiOiDt  SI.  Bride.  , , 

MfU.  AIDiutiagi,iiiH]«6.Eliig[clJi,eldBit  Uarli-Sanli.wiftDt  WlllUn  Snurl.mq,  aiidlM 

dan.  ot  Ibo  lato  Be«.  Thatnu  Bovlhy.  lurrirtng  dan,  of  AJm,  Sir  Cbarin  Morice  Pole. 

Al  LTmlngUm.  Sarah.wKeofLIeHI.'Col.  tlarer.  Bart.  O.C.B.    Sbawai  marrted  In  Inil,  and  had 

In  iba  Altnuiy-road,  Oanbentell,  aged  M,  Hn.  inne  three  •oni  and  tbm  dangbtcri. 

Ann  Cnrlli.  At  Dnley-dale.  near  Matlndi,  ngol  lu,  AbbW. 

Al  Stalrebaupion.    near    BitMol.  WDttambia,  eldeM  and  only  HirTlrUig  dao.  of  Adam  Wutalsg- 

vlftotOUberl Elliot. DJX  DmnotBritM.  lan.ou.banMer-atJaK. 

B*  blllng  Into  a  chaim,  IP  deKendlng  a  mouB-  Al  CautaBllBaplc.  Oeorgo  Hhule*  Wolrtdg*. 

'-- ■^—,n.  lir.  Gsldamllb,  tanlor  partner  eiq.  OoDunaDiKr  of  U.  If.  neam  aoop  InflrUMa. 

OaMualib  HrallKn.  bi  Onwi-d ,  H>  n>  a  nopbeir  of  the  late  Capt  Tliumaa  Wel- 

.,a  of  Ur,  W.  rtdge.B.K.    HeenleredlbeiwTkelii  lav.tiHied 

Dtlbe  Society  of  hliaaaminatlon  IBM,  *M  nadeUHil.  l«U,aM 

nd  Danoair  ».  appoinlal  to  (tuDabUnMMag-ilUpUi  IhtFkdfci 

from  irbenM  be  rvtomod  to  EaglaDd  Id  IHt. 

, _ _ ..-_...  Al  nioma,  lOnMer.  tela  al  nanel,  itnA  91, 

OrtOUha.  eaq,  at  Lower  Berkeley-Miaet.  Xary,  nllct  nt  Baniy  Woolton,  nq. 

In  SUBbD[ie-M,  K4n»m,'>ldo>orLl*al.-CDl.  '-■  "      ■■"■ '* '■ -■—.•.- 

Lm  Harvry.  at  OaatleHun|>l(  and  lloBiawBU,8.B. 

BSlhan-Un,  aged  .19,  Kn.m«KK,  only  nrHv^ 


,  EelsBlJidgi,  WrltUc.  wedM.Hvy. 
in  BriaDl.nq.  laMof  Oi-ldiUlll  Moue. 


■Oflllir  ■/■I.Liii  ,,n'ri.-rn.r>llaaK«.«aq.of  Brod»-  Nkhaliaa,  e 

TliBBiat  L-bantpiaB  De  Creiplgiiy,  oh!  wbo  dted  In         Al  Lee,  Iml,  (Bcd  10.  Antinr  PblBolt,  mt.  of 

tT»i  and  vcoDdlt.  Hi  lim,  lo  Sir  Joieph  What-  Wlnpo»e-iI. 

l<T,  nbe  died  la  IBM.  Al  KlUymcal.  DBUgauun,  Jaow  SMI.  a>a. 

/■<•  I».    Frvm  Mu  UtHB  eUdtili  tttlmt.  (ttin-t  CdbucI. 
•gMMilIr.  RMHrdDlUtag.aBrTeyer.afRaidlBg.  In  Uotoiialon-id.  rorllaid-pl.  agrd  ».  KBal. 

Al  Bttatel.  Lydta,  wm  Jnai^  )l.  Hack.  uiq.  Mb.  aldeo  of  Ednard  Charloi  Uovtll  Sm- 

fcn>Myii<SDUbain|ito>i.  Iwd.  caq. 

AtBibhiaB.wadla,AgB«Jint.oUbofUeai.         Ih  Lbq^-iii,  aged  Ca,  Vantaa.rallrl  e(  Goorn 

WUttamllottoOurTluihMicadU.    Sb.  wa>  llndall.  Hg.      ~'         ■  ■  "T 

tbalddaB.  or  the  taiaJ.  Jiddin  ttabar.  Bq,  o<         Al  Vulm4nT,BraI.iHuSf«enoaki,  lial.eflrt 

Tunbndge-nlli,  and  >aa  married  in  lii««.  M,  llary.  Bift  o/  liaiKli  Woudgala,  sq. 

bbn-  «ih  year.  Charlain.  Bifa  ot  Ike  Hon.  Alrl*.  IB  f Uiroyiq.  AnlhoDT  E^-—'  »— — - 

Gatrn  King,  of  trjm,   unrle  to  Uw  Eart  of  ■■(.tale  Jodge  at  (Jinieet.KI'-    ■ 


1853.)  I 

At  SI.  OttOi,  E«Bi,  *g*<l  tB,  Wlllliim.  « 
fiM  itt  tbfl  U]«  Smith  BawtKe,  fiA|- 

At  ToODibiiD.  Msrtlu,  jniDgat  daa,  i 
,...™. n afWelchpeol. 


,t  TcDb;,  Eitn 


"a-K 


U,  •cad  (G.  Emmi.  wife  of  Wm. 

, — -, aq.  Dt  tliE  Uink  or  EngUod,  and 

Ai  nan,  numiiii,  iind  H,  HargaiEt-Ellen,  wIfE  tliia.  ot  lbs  lata  Capt,  H.  S.  GKhrd,  R.N. 

at  Oeatgt  FTsOBrtek  IbDwna,  nn.  roangiHt  dau.  JMfi  31.    At  Dom,  atied  H4.  Ellubelli,  irMoir 

of  ths  lata  Thoma*  Ami'iit,  w],  IVeu.  S.A.  of  Capl.  G«or|«  Ctmala.  BH. 

WMlo  bulblaii.  at  Inggldmells.  on  the  Eaal  Lin-  ttlclurd  Savny  Ou,  ch|.  of  UppM  Wnbitn-pl. 

calBiIiln  coaat.  Jolia  BsrlaHind  Jolion-Talllgfer.  Ha  wa*  ■  uti>D  ot  OovbdRt,  aodliaa  lafl  tha  M- 

'D*ofGeor«  Borlua  CtiUAa,  «d.  oT  FI]LA^1H7-  lawkng aiunfl to tho NEaenrianC InalUatloiu oruut 

._  ^_......  ...  „-..  M.  ^ — -«..,...  ,(  i^  dlriCOTonlrTaiidWanHckihlrtHii>«iiUal,l,M>IB. 


Rav.  T.  Cava  Gbllds,  < 
In  CamaDRlit-tfiT.  HrdB-park.  atisd  GA,  Ltanl.- 


In  Connaoitht-taET.  Hyda- park,  n 
Ool.  OonUioiiie,  lata  of  Ilia  uniudli 


BaOar-lane  School.  I JMU. ;  Bablake  Sebul.  MML  i 


'  AfOit 'court  Lodge.  Weal  FarlilBh.  agadSS.     Kearbeck.  (on 
— ilh,  raBcI  otJoaapb  ■ -■— -■ 


At  EMt  Vtm,  iCHl  »,  Jobn  Kendall,  aw(. 
At  Bodmarila  Hodk.  aged  M.  MlMHeyrlc 
dan.  b(  Un  lala  Rev.  Owen  Lewis  Majrlck.  BccI 


'rtck.      Peart,  M.A.  ( 


Mallon,  aged  U,  1 

'  Uovlnitham.  Yocki 
WlUdHH-,  IvUntlB.  w 


Botart  Franod.  eai. 


Wing,  ewi- 

Al  Baabory,  iig«l 
SlanCoa  WiB.eiq.  I 


inmng  <islci  of  tbB  Rer. 
-'-"  of  Bopdwell. 

ubotbTnll'ct  af  Jotin 
iii-Harla,  •rUB  of  Robert 


tamponrtea  and  pcruoal  friandi  al  Robert  Bunu. 
IIT'  TvnnaBt  waa  bom  Bllhor  a  j«r  bafiira  or 
abool  ■  rsar  ttUtr  cbc  iioat  fboni  Jan.  35.  I7A9}, 
aod  bad.  thareftm,  attalacd  the  patrlarcbal  age  of 
»«rH. 

Al  Aooton.  a^ed  Tfi.  tfarr-Raddymr.  vita  of 
Qtotia  Mealo  Trcmlell.  esu.  Comin.  B.K.  bnUicr 
gf  AdBL  Tmnletl,  and  yonagnt  dau,  of  tba  Ula 
Babat  Badcl}«a.  oaq.  or  floidentoD  mill,  and 
inftall  Ifanor.  LancBMi, 

At  the  atmtmt  ftaUon.  Ur.  WhJlcomb.  a  » 
dMr,»Mli«atChDani.  Ho •» nlamlng hoi 
1m  loBllod  Bridge :  and  wUlilog  to  cbange  1 

AVL  lie  waa  IhiowD  down  betweui  lite  cairlag 
and  flw  plallbnn,  rectivlng  ini:h  Muhtfel  Iqjurl 
nut  iH!  eiplled  in  4  tew  Iwnri.    Ho  Uat  left  a 
■Idov  and  ^  young  cbltdna. 
A4ll9.    Al  Theobald's,  Herti,  sgcd  DS,  John 

At  njnuutb.  aged  39.  Capt.  George  Kellb  Ball, 


__. ,  aged  la,  Daniel  A 

fbnnerlj  of  ItamUogton,  Northnmb. 
Aberdeen. agadlD],Hn.Esa« 


ifl  bad  reidded 


OaL  I.  T.  liDwn,  Adjuti 
Juw-MaiT,  wile  of  ¥.. 


ItetdMalgi 


gad  ^.Charles  Browne, aiq. aoUc 
a  Pouiitnej-hlU.  roDDgHt  ton 
'.  an.  fteoior  UMnbH  of  Iba  dly 

And  U,  TluHnu  Daniel  Dunn.  oq.  of  II 
MBtdaDO,  Slolir  — ~— — 
At  VBtri  Hill 


ain.  a(  Fstioii, 

And  ».U 

BaaBotortW 


At  Brighton,  ggsd  51.  Webiter  Fl nekton,  evi.  or 
tba  Ml^twl,  andHoTKlrdowu.  Soulhwarli,  and  of 
StaoBon  Book.  WeybrUge. 

Binbi  win)  ot-lMUM  PWkeiann,  eiii.  of  FeNeil. 


Al  bit  wat  m  tbo  tooth  of  InlaoMfr.  Wflllu) 
EliMHiubon.  He  waaaneuthndait  abent  Iriib 
antlqalUei,  and  well  known  in  IrMi  Ulerarr  drelM. 

At  Saodgate,  at  the  honie  oC  bar  lon-bi-law 
a.  Flockton,  esq.  aged  t&,  Jana,  widow  of  Jobn 
Main,  etq.  of  Alben-road.  RagBntV.paik. 

At  Rlpon.  agad  Tl,  JidiD  Pniigm,  w. 

Un.  Sadler,  an  aldolT  ladj  re^dlnsta  PIsillaD. 
She  wu  vldting  Iha  New  ^UHa  of  Fadtannt 
wiUi  herduiigtitef  and  another  Taungtadj'.  when 
the  heac}'  doon  of  Si.  SlapbBa'i  Hall  awirag  back, 

lenfV,  her  baail  tlriklpg  tliB  marble  paTsmenl, 
wbicb  prated  fatal. 
At/g.  1 .    In  Jennyn-it.  aged  t 

Vail  SleaiD.pocket  Gompohy.  i 

He  entered  the  terrice  In  1799.  auu  Kr'iu  jm 

Ihlrty'twu  yean  an  fnll  pari  wM  mada  Llanl.  In 

to  Baar-Adm.  S.  E,  Douglai,  in  tbaVeat  tndlei. 
la  1810,  CotumandBT  IBIT.  and  wad  Inapectlng 
Conrauuider  of  the  Coatt  Guard  from  1S3I  to  lUG; 
pMt-Cairtalu  11117. 

Al  Malta,  aged  U.  Lleot.  William  Roberta  Best. 
Ula  of  E.mX  Vcngeanea.    H 

At  tIa1reni.'Snphui,'rell<Tt 
Cbamben.  eatj.  of  the  H.E.l.Co.  a  i^ivu  avrvna. 
At  BotrlngfOrd,  I.W.  aged  »b,  Jane,  widow  oT 

Aliiltnrkmiw.near' Edinburgh,  laabella,  via 

Aged  TS,  Daalrlce,  widow  of  Joieph  Raw,  of 

Al  Ballow,  CO.  Down,  aged  15.  Ellen,  dan.  of  Iba 
lati  William  Tuole.  ew).  3  Kllcock.  eo.  KUdam. 

Al  Fenriide,  aged  ID.  Cbarlelle-Ellia,  eldest 
dan.  of  Ibe  late  Ray.  H.  SIcnhonie  VIgm,  M.A. 
of  Ibe  Upper  Hall.  Ltdbnrr.  Freb.  of  Ledbury,  and 


ulbe  IbiiDder  of  Ibe  [ 


In  an  aetlon  with 
BrldgewBisr,  etq. 


ooth.  agedSO.  Wni.  Broad,  o 


826 


Obituary. 


[Sept 


tiie  Mercantile  Marine,  and  a  member  of  the  old 
Lerant  or  Turkey  Company.  He  quitted  the  sea 
with  the  hii^est  te^itlmonials  in  1806,  tiis  vesselii 
(Pelican  and  Phoenix)  for  many  previous  vears 
being  invarlalily  selected  as  the  repeating  ships  in 
all  convoys,  entitled  to  u  penant  as  such,  and  his 
crev  alwavb  protected  from  impressment^-a  great 
privilege  in  those  davK  He  was  remarkable  for 
extreme  kindneitA  of  heart  and  great  physical 
energy,  which  prompted  him  on  an  occaidons  to 
acts  of  daring  humanity ;  and  among  numerous 
testimonials  he  received  the  gold  medal  of  the 
Royal  National  Institution,  for  rescuing  by  his 
personal  exertions  the  passengers  and  crew  of  the 
brig  Larch,  which  was  wrecked  at  Falmouth  on 
the  7th  Jon.  1828. 

At  Leamington,  aged  45,  Georgina-CJatherinc- 
Theresa,  wife  of  Edwiurd  Hyde  Clarke,  esq.  of  Hyde 
Hall,  Che.Hhiro,  and  of  Swaiuwick,  Jamaica. 

At  Canterbury,  John  Furley,Jnn.  esq.  banker, 
formerly  Comra.  U.E.I.C.S. 

At  Highgate,  Joseph  Gardiner, esq.  of  Newgate- 
st.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Court  of  AssLstants 
of  the  Wor-ihipful  Company  of  Stationers. 

At  Slouch,  a^^od  83,  Anna-Maria,  relict  of  the 
Rev.  John  ( jlasne,  late  Rector  of  Burnham,  Norf. 

At  Liverpool,  Jane-Elizabeth,  widow  of  the  licv. 
F.  Homblower,  and  dau.  of  the  late  WillLim  Koh- 
coe,  esq. 

At  Brize-Norton,  Oxf.  Thomas  Shaw  Mfddleton, 
esq.  He  shot  himself  with  a  gun,  in  bin  bedroom, 
having  been  for  stonie  time  previously  in  a 
despondini;  state  of  mind ;  verdict  "  Temporary 
Insanity.** 

At  Potsgrove,  aged  23,  Thomas,  son  of  Tliomas 
Paxton,  esq.  and  nephew  of  Sir  Joseph  Paxton. 

At  Islington,  aged  22,  Mary-Da%is,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Richard  Poole,  esq.  of  OrayVinn, 
and  Great  Ealing. 

At  Richmond,  Surrey,  Ann  Martr<iret,  widow  of 
Poyntz  Stewart,  M.D.  Bengal  Med.  FMah. 

At  Hythc  Villa,  Finchlcy-road,aged  41,  Alexina, 
wife  of  Oipt.  James  Vetch,  R.E. 

At  CastlcliellinKham.  John  Wool'cy,  e«q. 

Aug.  3.  In  Addi!K>u-road  North.  Xottinr^-hill, 
aged  48,  James  Daniell,  ciiq. 

In  Great  Ciimbcrland-pl.  Hyde-jKirk,  atjcil  H7, 
W.  H.  C.  Floyer,  esq.  of  Hints,  Stuff. 

Aged  ri6,  I>)rottiea-Maria,  wife  of  llobert  Hud- 
son, esq.  of  Bootham,  near  York. 

At  Qaeen's  College,  Harley-»t.  Cavcndi»h-««q. 
ged  4U,  MrH.  Mattam. 

At  Kirby  Hall,  VorkiOi.  age<l  ^3.  Richard  John 
Ttaompiion,  esq. 

At  his  residence,  Athelstane  Villa.  Ad(ile>tone, 
Surrey,  In  his  Wth  year,  Mr.  Daniel  Thorn,  anti- 
quarian and  collector  of  curiositio'*. 

At  Ihiddington, aged  68, George  rndcntnod.eAq. 

Auff.  4.  Aged  60,  Edwood  Chorlcy,  e^q.  of  Hare- 
gate,  near  Leek,  Staff. 

At  Genoa.  Augustus  <irnn»»t,  e»q.  Comnni'<ary- 
Gen.  to  the  Forces. 

At  Guild  Pitt-,  Stratford-on-Avon,  at'cd  36, 
Cbarlen  LemonGreave;*,  esq.  formerly  rif  Iliuington. 

At  Hungerford,  aged  71,  Mr*.  IJ'ldcrd.ih-,  wlil^w 
of  Capt.  Lidderdale. 

At  St.  Andrew's,  Fifesh.  Charlotte,  wife  of  Major 
John  Piatt,  23rd  Bengal  N.  Inf. 

At  the  rectory.  Paul'*  Cray, aged  7."i,  Catharinc- 
Uodvin.  relirt  of  Sir  Walter  Roberts.  Bart,  of 
CourtUnli^,  I>«'von,  an«l  Itretfleldstow,  co.  Cork. 
She  wa."  d.iu  of  the  Rev.  Etlm.  Gilbert  of  Bodmin, 
wa<«  niurried  ii>  1^01,  and  left  a  widow  in  1h2«.», 
bavin;;  hml  i^^nc  thv  present  SirTlioma*  IlowUnd 
Robert««.  iinothcr  'im,  and  four  dauchter*. 

At  Hi'Ivtilcrt,  Tunbridge-welH,  age<l  77,Tlioma!> 
Thomwin,  esq.  M  I).  ln«i»ectur-Gen.  of  HwirtUl*. 

At  Ry>le,  I.W..  Rosa,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Bobert  Whitcr(>ft.  ew^ 

At  Bromley  College,  Kent,  aged  75,  the  widow 
of  the  Rev.  John  Williams.  Curate  of  I..eominiter, 
Hcraf 

Amg.  b.  At  KnlghtVhill,  Dnlwlch,  aged  99. 
Jhm,  wife  of  Zaebary  Brooke,  eaq. 


At  Ashford  Home,  netr  Brecon,  aged  15,  Cbiito 
Dixon,  esq.  solicitor,  eldest  ton  of  Hoptr  Dixon, 
esq. 

At  Chatham,  aged  29.  Charles  Eastaoe  Mae- 
Donnell,  Capt.  and  brevet  Major.  29th  iDfaotrr. 

At  F^winstowe.  aged  4G,  Ann,  wife  of  the  Ber. 
J.  Peatfleld,  of  Bridgeford,  near  Nottingham. 

In  Montagn-sq.  Elizabeth-Mary,  wife  of  DenxU 
Ibbetson  Thomson,  esq. 

Aug.  6.  At  Crosbum  House,  Douglas.  WUllaai 
Gillespie,  esq. 

At  Scarborou^'h,  aged  22,  Percival  Chas.  Sfanms. 
artist,  only  son  of  C.  H.  Simms,  esq. 

Auff.  7.  At  Soutliampton,  aged  74,  Mary-New- 
ton, widow  of  Jaseph  Bushuan,  esq.  of  Guildhall, 
London,  and  dau.  of  the  late  Humphrey  Osbom, 
esq.  of  the  island  of  St.  Christopher. 

At  Uomchurch,  Essex,  aged  52,  Jane-Fnltoo, 
wifiB  of  Charles  Butler,  esq.  surgeon. 

At  West  Brixton,  agisd  66,  William  Carlile,  esq. 
of  Bow-lane. 

In  Cambridge-sq.  aged  17  months,  Mary,  only 
(hiu.  of  StMncer  FoIIett,  esq.  Q.C.  M.P. 

At  Willcaborough  vicarage,  Kent,  aged  65,  Jane- 
Ann,  relict  of  Vickri.H  Pryor,  esq.  of  Baldock. 

Mary,  wife  of  William  Rhodes,  esq.  of  Thlrsk. 

AtHedon,  aged  71,  Joseph  Robin.4on,  esq.  an 
Alderman  of  the  corporation,  and  at  the  time  of 
his  death  •tcrving  as  Mayor  for  the  sixth  time. 

At  Brighton,  aged  56,  Mary,  the  wiib  of  Thomas 
Bradbury  Winter,  esq.  surgeon. 

Aug.  H.  At  Scacombc,  Che&liire,  aged  72,  W. 
G.  Colchester,  esq.  formerly  of  Ipswich. 

At  Southport,  Lane,  William  Docker,  esq. 
M.R.C.S.  eldest  son  of  the  late  Itev.  W.  Docker, 
Incumbent  and  founder  of  Christ's  church  in  that 
town. 

At  Wakefleld,  aged  32,  Jane,  wif^  of  the  Rev. 
John  Dreapcr,  assistant  chaplain  to  the  Convict 
Prison,  WakeAeld,  and  formerly  Curate  of  Sad- 
dington,  Leic. 

In  ENwick -villas,  aged  61.  William  Hutchinson, 
e<Mi.  engineer,  one  ot  the  partners  in  the  firm  of 
Mewtrn.  Stephenson  and  Co.  and  for  many  years 
the  active  manager  of  that  establivtiment. 

At  Aldeburgli,  in  her  3d  year,  Klinor-Caroline. 
dau.  of  C.  R.  Rowley,  CAq.  and  niece  to  Lord 
Huntingfleld. 

Awj.  9.  At  Spondon  Hall,  Derbyshire,  aged  81 , 
France)*,  relict  of  Rulwrt  Cox,  esq. 

At  Ilambrook  villa,  near  Bristol,  aged  37,  Jane, 
wife  of  Richard  Eld,  cm). 

At  Putney-hill,  aged  30,  Cluu-lotte.  wife  of  Cha*. 
Warner  lA'wim,  ea<[. 

In  Bcrkeley-Mj.  Humphrey  St.  John  Mildmay. 
esq.  fifth  son  of  ttic  late  Sir  Henry  Paulet  St.  John 
Mildmay,  liurt.  of  D(i;fnier«tield-park,  Hampshire. 
He  married  tir>t  in  Im23  the  Hon.  Anne  Eugenia 
Baring,  the  elde^<t  dnu.  of  the  late  Loni  Anhbor- 
ton;  un<l  secondly,  in  Ih43,  M.-inanne  Frances, 
daughter  of  Granville  Vernon  Harcourt,  e^i.  M.P. 

Aug.  10.  At  the  re.«iidenco  of  her  ixin,  Moming- 
ton-pl.  Aicvd  H4.  Mary  Cruik.shank,  relict  of  Isaac 
Cruikfttmnk,  arti.it,  an<l  mother  of  Roliert  and 
<feorue  Cruik.«hAnk. 

At  thr  Reitory.  Cliit  St.  <Jeorge,  aged  22, 
Walter-Brill ne>  KILKroniU'.  of  Oriel  collejie,  Ox- 
fonl,  yonnis'e^t  "-"U  of  thi*  Rev.  Henry  Thonia.H 
EII«eoml>e. 

In  I.iN-hiiuI.vil,  iH'tween  Bowniore  and  Port 
Oiarlutte.  in  the  iNl/tn<I  nt  I^luy,  l>y  tht-  upsetting 
of  a  »>«»;it,  «i«'tiri:i'  I.yon,  e«K|.  of  *M><unt.iint»lue. 
< iUii^uw .  < teorge  liuiiil.eNi.  HnMtiuhill,  Stirlln*- 
■«hire,  and  iwo  otlu-i  i--r"ii;s  (t.ith  r  ar.-l  -Min). 
native^  of  I  slay. 

At  Topiuai,  Mariiinne,  wife  ot  John  M.  .Sci>- 
pinga,  evj.  Utt-  <■!  Ciliutt.-i,  anl  Mirxrvnr  of  the 
Indlkn  naw.  She  ».n  oi.<«ter-in-Uw  to  the  Rev. 
W.  Miller,  of  Chi<he«ti'r  Citlu-lral. 

-At  hi*  residence.  Mnrei  liff  Hall,  .^heffielil,  aged 
79,  John  WatMjn,  eiq. 

Aug.  11.  At  Yeovil,  agetl  au.  Sarah,  tmly  dan. 
of  the  late  William  Donne,  f^\.  of  f»cumbc. 
Sonereet. 


1858.] 


Obituary. 


327 


Aged  &7,  Joaeph  Ashtnr  CHUett.  banker,  of  B«n- 
bury,  a  member  of  the  Society  of  FriendB. 

At  Newbigfdn,  near  Lancbester,  aged  77,  Wm. 
Wray,  ^q.  chief  constable  for  the  west  division  of 
Chester  tnurd  during  the  last  32  years. 

Aug.  13.  At  Great  Baddow,  Essex,  aged  15, 
Henrietta-Frances,  dan.  of  the  late  Lleut.-Col. 
Edward  Care  Brown,  H.E.l.C.S. 

At  the  residence  of  her  daoghter,  Woodstock, 
Anne,  relict  of  Sir  Henry  Joseph  Tichbome,  Bart, 
of  Tichbome,  Hants.  She  was  the  fourth  dan.  of 
Sir  Thomas  Burke,  Bart,  of  Marblehill,  ro.  Gal- 
way,  and  sister  to  Eliza  Countess  of  Clanricarde. 
She  was  married  in  1606  and  left  a  widow  in  1845 ; 
haring  had  issue  seven  daughters,  of  whom  the 
eldest  is  the  present  Lady  Dormer,  the  second  was 
the  late  Lady  Arundell  of  Wardour,  and  the  third 
is  Mrs.  HIbbert,  mother  of  the  present  Earl  of 
Shrewsbury. 

Aug.  13.  Aged  78,  Mary,  relict  of  the  Rct.  Wil- 
liam  Bridgnell,  and  mother  of  the  Rer.  W.  Bridg- 
nell,  Wesieyan  minister,  of  Bridlington  Quay. 

At  Ripon,  aged  78,  John  Douce  Oarthwaite,  esq. 
formerly  of  Shackleford,  Surrey. 

At  Clapham-rlse,  Surrey,  aged  33,  Henry  Hall, 
esq.  late  of  Egham. 

At  the  house  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Hutton,  of  Derby, 
aged  33,  M«ry-EmOy,  eldest  dau.  of  C.  E.  Lang- 
don,  esq.  and  grandau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Thos. 
Lajigdon,  of  Leeds. 

At  Oxton  House,  Mary,  wife  of  Col.  Studd. 

Aug.  14.  At  the  Lodge,  Malton,  aged  72,  Wm. 
Allen,  esq.  steward  to  Earl  Fitz William. 

Ag<^  89,  at  Norton,  LW.  Mrs.  Cotton,  relict  of 
Benjamin  Cotton,  esq.  of  Freshwater. 

At  Woodford,  William -John,  eldest  survivhig 
son  of  the  late  Peter  Mallard,  esq. 


At  Newbam-gnoge,  itttf  DttrUntton,  the  resi- 
dence of  her  son,  aged  66,  Elizabeth-Jane,  widow 
of  William  Potts,  esq.  of  Sunderland. 

At  Bam  Park  House,  East  Teignmouth,aged  T§, 
Samuel  Walker,  esq. 

At  Spring  Vale,  St.  Helen's,  I.W.  aged  57,  Ro- 
bert Woodhouse,  esq.  a  merchant  from  Oporto. 

Aug.  15.  At  Woolwich,  Ann-Crawford,  wile  of 
R.  T.  Barry,  esq.  West  Thurrock,  Essex. 

At  St.  Columb,  Cornwall,  Caroline,  wife  of 
Thurston  Collins,  esq. 

Aged  iii,  Elizabeth-Margaret,  wife  of  the  Rer. 
Charles  Henry  Hodgson,  of  the  Close,  Salisbury, 
Vicar  of  Kingston  St.  Michael. 

At  Kirklington,  aged  79,  Margaret,  relict  of 
James  Loman,  esq. 

Aug.  16.  At  Plymouth,  Elizabeth-Fortescno, 
wife  of  Rear-Adm.  Arthur,  C.B.  She  was  dao.  of 
the  Rev.  Wm.  Wells,  Rector  of  East  Allingtoa, 
Devon  ;  was  married  in  1809,  and  had  issue  three 
8on9  and  one  daughter. 

At  Honlton,  aged  67,  Frances,  relict  of  Lewis 
Gidley.  Esq.  solicitor. 

Aged  59,  Isabella-EUlson,  wife  of  Mr.  William 
Lilley,  of  Colchester,  and  dau.  of  the  late  Benja- 
min Firmln,  esq.  of  Wyvenhoe  Lodge. 

Aug.  17.  At  Brighton,  Muianne-Bames,  fifth 
dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Massa  Alsager,  eaq. 

At  Folkstone,  on  her  return  from  the  Continent, 
aged  76,  Dame  Elizabeth  Harvey,  relict  of  the  late 
Admiral  Sir  John  Harvey,  K.C.B.  She  was  the 
only  daughter  of  William  Wybom  Bradley,  eaq. 
of  Sandwich  ;  was  married  in  1797,  and  left  a 
widow  in  1837. 

At  Bath,  Judith,  relict  of  Col.  T.  W.  Forster,  of 
Holt,  Wilts. 


TABLE  OF  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OF  LONDON. 
(fVom  the  Retumt  ittned  by  the  RegUirar'GeneraL) 


Deaths  Registered                                      , 

-a 

Week 

eDdiug  1 

Saturday, 

Under    15  to 

60  and     Age  not     Total.'    Males. 

Females. 

15.     ;     60. 

upwards,  sp 

»ecified. 
24        '     9 

1 

1 

& 

July 

23  . 

468  '     324 

156 

72          505 

467 

1553 

II 

30  .    '     474        342          186             2        ,   1004         520     \      484     1 

1521 

Aug. 

6  .        511        289          181            11        i     992         519     !       472     | 

1548 

»» 

13  .        518        283          172            11        :     984          534 

450     ' 

1461 

II 

20  .        530       319          204            —           10 
AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN, 

53          533 

'       520 

1518 

,  Aug.  26. 

Wheat. 

Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

Beans. 

Peas. 

s,    d. 

9.    d. 

*.    d. 

t.    d. 

9,    d. 

8.    d. 

51 

1 

29     7 

22    0 

34  10 

40  11 

34     9 

PRICE  OF  HOPS,  Aug.  29. 
Sussen  Pockets,  5/.  5».  to  6/.  0«. — Kent  Pockets,  5/.  5».  to  8/.  0». 


PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  Aug.  29. 

Hay,  4/.  5».  to  5/.  7».— Straw,  1/.  8«.  to  \l.  16«.~Clover,  4/.  15».  to  6/.  0». 

SMITHFIELD,  Aug.  29.    To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  81b8. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Aug.  29. 


Beef 3*.    dd.toU.  Ad. 

Mutton Zs.    &d.  to  bf,  2d. 

Veal 3f .  lOd.  to  bs.  Orf. 

Pork 3f.    Of/,  to  4*.  2d. 


Beasts 4,800    CaWes  350 

Sheep  and  Lambs   22,150    Pigs      368 


COAL  MARKET,  Aug.  26. 

Walls  Ends,  &o.  19ff.  Od.  to  26t.  6d.  per  ton.     Other  sorts,  17t.  3d.  to  21«.  6d, 
TALLOW,  per  owt.~TowB  TiUow,  52f .  94.     Yellow  Rnsda,  62«.  6d, 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  »t  W.  CARY,  Strand- 

Ami  A/y  86,  (0  ^afMf  Zj^  1833,  Mft 


FU>r 

tnheifi  Tbem 

■Si 

u 

s  'Is 

i 

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g 

t-i 

1 

II 

II 

im 

1            Wexber. 

sm 

1 

"5  a 
3z 

S           W«tber. 

Jdj 

• 

•       •    in.pt.. 

kmt.     ■ 

n.  pli. ' 

26 

61 

67     «  89,83   ddi.™B,fcir 

iT    61 

79 

50 

30,  81    doadj,  fiM 

Zl 

«E 

60  .  6S 

,05    d,,.do.lhdr. 

12     61 

68 

50 

,24    do-di. 

SB 

Oi 

70     61 

,  71    b«ij  run 

13     61 

69 

59 

,15   do.  d«. 

W 

63 

70     62 

,81    eDe,cld;.  m. 

14     61 

66 

57 

,07    do,IUr 

30 

63 

68     do 

,78   do.  do.  do. 

Ij     58 

63 

60 

.M   do.  do. 

31 

63 

71     61 

.90    do.  da. 

16  1  60 

6t 

59 

20,72   do.  run 

A.I 

6i 

75     61 

,  9i    do.  nin 

17     62 

60 

56 

,S2'r«in,f»ir,T»in 

63 

69;C2 

,  n    do.  cioodT 

18     61 

68 

56 

.92   cldj.fr.  m.  ft. 

63 

72  1  59  JO,  01    do.  do. 

19     «l 

7* 

64 

,  91     rmia,  bir 

61 

70  1  60 

,  02    do.  do. 

20     65 

78 

63 

,84   do.  do. 

63 

68     61 

,0B    {loomr 

81     63 

74 

03 

,  09   do.  dcmdr 

50 

70     « 

,21    do. 

82     63 

71 

69 

,80   do. 

61 

68!  50 

,81    fincckradr 

83     56 

63 

58 

,  79  'edT.ftjB.odT. 

63 

TOJoO 

,81  ,'claadT,  riir 

84     60 

67 

59 

.  77  'do.  m.  ddj. 

^ 

60  '  50 

,  25  ;  da.  do. 

1^     63 

M 

60 

,  74  ijdo.  dondj 

10 

62 

W     57 

,31    da.  do. 

1 

In 

DAILY  PRICE 

OF  SI 

OCKS. 
1 

JIM 

ii 

Bi.Blll., 
^lOOO. 

Sf 


102     Sf 2571    26  pm.    2  dii.    1pm. 

lOH   si 21  pm.    1  pm.   2  dii. 

lOlf lIS|2a8    2  dii.    I  pm. 

■—       "  ■■"  .22  27  pm.  par.      1  pra. 


-115    ■ 


.    1  pm.  3  d 


fl  22fl  9H] 

9;228  98( 

1022)))  98)  . 

U,228t  99 

12228  '  99    ' 

13  2271  991 

15  228|  98( 

161228  99 

172281  SXf 

182291  99f 

19|22BJ,  991, 

20  229  09 

22i22ei  093  ' 

23;229  I  991  , 

24 1229  99i 

251 '  99I 

26228)  99     I 

2712271  98J  ' 


I   100*  5*  - 

[lOOf  6 259    24  25  pm.  3 

,100  6 258 1 

,    100|  5|  1151 258)    25  pm.     par.     3  du. 

t    1011 259    2  dU.    1pm. 

101*  6 257f   21pm.   2  dii.   I  pm. 

101  5{  .115   2571  20  18  pm.  1  psi.  2  dii. 

■   101  6  1001 18  pm.  .3  dk      — 

:    101  6 18  pm. 


3dis. 


1  du. 


-259    ■ 


3  dii. 


2571  IS  17  pm.  3  dii.      !•«■ 
259   12  2Dpm.  pu-.    2  di*. 
IIS   259      18  pm.     pir.    3  dii. 
13  IB  pm.  1  pm.  2  dii. 


;i:j    lOJ 


-  pir. 


1  dii. 
Spm.' 


lO:     6 257    

101      6 20  pro.    .  ui..     p-i. 

„.      101      C     ' 2  pm. 

981    101 ■' 2S7   2015pm.        I  dii. 

SS^   101 ISlSpm.ldi).    1pm. 

J.  J.  ARNULL,  Stock  lad  Share  Broker, 

3,  Copthill  Cbunben,  Angel  Coqrt, 

Tbrogmorton  Street,  London. 

/.  ».  mcioLa  Attn  •om,  raiimu,  SB,  rAKLiAiiKMT  mHT. 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 

AND 

HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 

OCTOBER  1853. 


CONTENTS. 

9AQm 

MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE.— Roman  Roadi  near  Londesborongh— Sir  John  and  Sir  Hugh 
Smytli— Demolition  of  English  TomlM  at  Boologue— Meeting  of  Yorkshire  Architectural 
Society— Meeting  at  Banbury  to  form  an  Archeological  Society  for  North  Oxfordihlre ....        830 

Some  Account  of  Relics :  by  J.  G.  Waller 331 

iDBcription  on  the  Church  Tower  at  Wett  Bridgford,  Notts  (with  Engratingt) . ,     337 

Wanderings  of  an  Antiquary:  by  Thomas  Wright,  F.S.A.     No.  XIV. — Stone- 

henge  {with  Bngravingt) 338 

The  Tour  of  James  Augustus  St.  John  in  Search  of  Beauty 345 

Cotele;  and  the  Edgcumbes  of  the  Olden  Time:    by  Mrs.   Bray  (with  an 

Engraving) 351 

Sir  John  Bankes^s  Correspondence — ^The  Story  of  Corfe  Castle  . . . .  • 358 

Memorials  of  the  Author  of  <<The  Seasons"  and  Riccaltoun  of  Hobkirk  (with 

an  Bngraving)   364 

The  Original  Ancient  Mariner ., « 371 

Malchus  the  Captive  Monk 374 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  STLVANUS  URBAN.— Descent  of  the  Duke  of  WeUington  from 
the  Blood  Royal,  through  the  Family  of  Stafford— The  I-lnit  Covent  Garden  Market- 
Bishop  Latimer's  Letter  m  Favour  of  Malvern  Priory— The  Family  of  Clapham  at  Stam- 
ford—The Proposed  "  Crania  Britannica  *'— Ancient  Cmciform  Mound,  and  Excavations 
or  Cavities,  recently  discovered  in  St.  Margaret's  Park,  Herefordshire 379—889 

NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH.— Meeting  of  the  British  AssociaUon  at  HuU-The  Ray  Society— 
The  Clergy  Orphan  School— Warren  Hastings's  estate  and  property  at  Daylesford— Statue 
of  Sir  Robert  Peel  by  Gibson— Royal  Statues  at  the  New  Palace  at  Westminster- 
Carlisle  Cathedral— St.  George's  Hall  at  Bradford— Discoveries  on  the  Roman  Wall— 
— Roman  Circus  at  Tours— Tower  of  St.  Jaques  de  Boucherie  at  Paris— Mr.  Ttunrpe's  new 
edition  of  Beowulf— Literary  Pensions    889 

HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS.— Ruskin's  Stones  of  Venice,  392 ;  Buck- 
ley's  Great  Cities  of  the  Middle  Ages,  394;  UumphreyH's  Coin  Collector*:)  Manual 
— Archbp.  Whateley's  Address  on  tlie  recent  Changes  in  the  System  of  Irish  National 
Education,  895 ;  The  Jesuits:  an  historical  Sketch,  by  E.  W.  Grinfleld,  M.A.— Homoeo- 
pathy fiiirly  represented,  by  Dr.  Hendenon,  396 ;  The  Most  Holy  Trini^,  by  £.  Soper— 
Rev.  C.  B.  Pearson  on  Church  Expansion— Pamphlets  on  various  Subjects 897 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.— Foreign  News,  897 ;  Domestic  Occurrences    899 

Promotions  and  Preferments,  401 ;  Births  and  Marriages 409 

OBITUART;  with  Memoirs  of  The  Duke  of  Saxe-Altenburg ;  Majwr-Gen.  Lord  Saltoun; 
Adm.  Sir  George  Cockbum,  G.C.B. ;  Lieut.-Gen.  Sfar  C.  J.  Napier,  G.C.B. ;  Lieut.-Gen. 
Sir  Neil  Douglas,  K.C.B. ;  Lady  Sale;  G.  W.  W.  Pendarves,  Esq. ;  George  Lyall,  Esq.; 
John  Mortlock  Lacon,  Esq. ;  Rev.  F.  W.  Robertson ;  Dr.  Hunter  Lane ;  Hugh  Edwin 
Strickland,  Esq. ;  W.  Shaw,  Esq. ;  Mr.  S.  Bennett ;  Mr.  Bidwlll ;  Mr.  John  Moore ; 
Hoene  Wronaki ;  Mr.  Jefferys  Taylor ;  Mr.  Rogers  405—485 

ClIBOT  DiCKASED 4M 

DEATBt,  arranged  in  Chronological  Order  495 

Registrar-General's  Returns  of  Mortality  in  the  Metropolis— Markets,  431 ;  Meteorological 

Diary— Daily  Price  of  Stocks    482 


Bt   SYLVANUS  urban,   Gbht. 


330 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


Mk.  Urban, — I  am  obliged  to  your 
correspondent,  Mr.  Still,  for  correcting  a 
■lip  of  my  pen,  in  his  interesting  com- 
munication on  the  "  Roman  Roads  near 
Londesboroagb,"  p.  269  of  yoar  September 
nnmber.  Warier ^  and  not  Huggate,  cer- 
tainly ought  to  have  been  the  name  of  the 
Tillage  specified  in  my  communication, 
which  you  were  so  good  as  to  admit  into 
yonr  August  number. 

Bat  I  can  scarcely  regret  this  inadver- 
tence, since  it  has  led  Mr.  Still  to  place 
on  record,  in  the  pages  of  your  valuable 
Magazine,  an  accurate  account  of  his 
painstaking  research  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Warter.  Had  he  named  nothing  else, 
"  the  great  packhorse  way  *'  may  be  of 
■one  importance  in  any  future  investi- 
fpddoHm  E.  W.  S# 

In  our  memoir  of  Mrs.  Florence  Smyth 
in  onr  last  Magasine,  we  inadvertently 
termed  Sir  John  Smyth  her  nephew,  and 
tlto  in  the  foot-note  Sir  Hugh  Smyth. 
lliey  were  her  brothers :  as  we  think  would 
be  sufficiently  clear  from  the  context,  which 
we  believe  to  be  otherwise  correct. 

Demolition  of  English  Tombi  at  Bou- 
logne.— The  British  Consul  at  Boulogne 
hM  received  formal  notice  from  the  Maire 
of  that  town  of  the  intention  of  the  autho- 
rities to  demolish  the  tombs  of  British  sub- 
jects buried  in  the  cemetery  of  Boulogne, 
unless  the  ground  be  purchased  according 
to  the  rulei  of  the  cemetery,  ^  perpOuitif 
in  such  cases.  Pour  months  are  allowed 
from  the  S5th  of  September  before  any- 
thing  is  done.  In  respect  to  one  particular 
grave  the  French  authorities  have  displayed 
e  kindly  feeling.  The  Amphitrite  monu- 
ment the  mnnicipality  will  allow  to  remain 
without  purchase,  and  will  present  it,  and 
e  certain  portion  of  ground  round  it,  on 
the  simple  condition  that  four  pillars  and 
an  iron  railing  or  chain  be  placed  round  it 
to  protect  the  spot.  With  regard  to  the 
other  tombs,  the  period  of  concession,  in 
some  instances,  expired  some  thirteen  or 
fourteen  years  ago. — This  suggests  the  ad- 
Tantage,  for  the  purposes  of  genealogical 
evidence,  of  preserving  copies  of  the  Eng- 
lish epitaphs  erected  in  foreign  cemeteries. 
Many  such  have  been  registered,  d  perpf- 
tuiiit  in  the  pages  of  the  Collectanea  To- 
pographica  et  Genealogica  and  the  Topo- 
grapher aod  Genealogi&t,  particularly  those 
at  Bruges,  Brussels,  &c.  and  we  are  sure 
that  the  Editor  of  the  latter  work  would 
etill  be  glad  to  give  preservation  to  such 
ae  have  not  hitherto  been  printed. 

The  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Cambrian 
ArchKological  AMOGiAtion  haa  been  held, 


but  we  defer  our  report  for  more  full  par- 
ticulars than  we  have  hitherto  received. 
In  our  next  number  we  ehall  also  notice 
the  proceedings  of  the  last  Quarterly 
Meeting  of  that  energetic  body,  the  Kil- 
kenny Archaeological  Society.  The  Sussex 
Archaeological  Society  is  about  to  hold  its 
Autumnal  Meeting  at  the  ancient  town  of 
Seaford,  and  the  churches  of  Bishopstow 
and  East  Blatchington  will  be  visited  en 
route.  We  find  it  also  announced  in  a 
Sussex  paper  that  the  Etoman  antiqaitiea 
which  were  found  in  a  stone  chest  at  Avia- 
ford,  near  Chichester,  in  the  year  1817, 
and  which  were  recently  exhibited  in  tbe 
temporary  museum  of  the  Archasological 
Institute  at  Chichester,  have  been  pre- 
sented by  their  owner,  Lady  Elisaoeth 
Reynell,  to  the  museum  of  the  Literary 
Society  and  Mechanics*  Institute  ui  Chi- 
Chester,  in  preference  to  an  offer  to  receive 
them  at  the  British  Museum. 

The  Vorkthire  ArehUeciural  Society 
has  held  a  meeting  at  Richmond  on  the 
1 3th  Sept.  The  Parish  Church ,  the  ruins 
of  the  Priory,  the  Castle  and  Holy  Trinity 
Chapel,  were  successively  visited.  A 
tiance  was  held  in  the  Town-hall,  Sir 
William  Lawson,  Bart,  in  the  chair,  whm 
Mr.  James  Raine  read  a  paper  on  Easby 
Abbey,  and  the  Rev.  James  Turner  one 
by  the  Rev.  A.  W.  HeadUm,  on  Wycliffe 
Church.  The  party  afterwards  proceeded 
to  view  the  ruins  of  Easby  Aboey ;  and 
on  the  following  day  an  excursion  was 
made  to  the  churches  of  Melsonby,  Wycliffe, 
and  Staindrop  ;  Raby  Castle  and  jBamard 
Castle;  Egglestone  Abbey,  Stainforth, 
and  Kirby  Ravensworth. 

A  public  meeting  was  held  in  the  Town- 
hall  at  Banbury,  on  the  5th  Sept  to  give 
effect  to  certain  resolutions  passed  at  a 
meeting  at  Calthorpe  House,  relative  to 
the  formation  of  an  Archaeological  Society 
for  the  north  of  Oxfordshire.  Lord  Al- 
wyne  Compton  presided.  Mr.  Miller,  as 
one  of  the  secretaries,  ststcd  that  tbe 
Bishop  of  Oxford  had  consented  to  be- 
come a  subscribing  member  and  patron. 
Lord  Alwyne  Compton  had  accepted  the 
office  of  President  for  the  year.  Those 
who  had  consented  to  be  Vice-Presidents 
were  Colonel  North,  M.P.  Mr.  A.  Cart- 
wright,  and  Mr.  Guest,  of  Sandford.  A 
discussion  as  to  the  name  of  the  Society 
resulted  in  its  being  designated  **  The 
Archcological  Society  for  North  Oxford- 
shire." The  Rev.  J.  W.  Hewitt  con- 
sented to  act  as  Editor  of  tbe  Society*s 
publications. 


THE 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


AHD 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 


SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  RELICS. 


BUT  a  short  time  since,  Aix-la- 
Chapelle  received,  in  one  day,  nearly 
70,000  pilgrims  to  view  a  famous  collec- 
tion of  relics  there  ejihibited — famous 
alike  for  their  sanctity  and  Venerable 
antiquity.  Some  account,  therefore, 
of  relics  in  general  may  be  not  unin- 
teresting, seeing,  that  after  so  many 
ages,  and  so  many  changes,  they  retain 
a  scarcely  diminished  respect  in  the 
minds  of  the  great  mass  of  our  European 
population.  The  attraction  which  the 
world's  accumulation  of  industry  pre- 
sented in  the  most  populous  metropolis 
in  the  world,  making  a  combination 
of  wonders  never  before  seen,  was 
scarcely,  except  at  particular  times,  so 
well  attended  as  the  few  fragments  of 
garments,  &c.  which  constitute  the 
treasures  of  the  cathedral  of  Aix-la- 
Chapelle. 

The  feeling  that  operates  in  the 
mind  towards  relic-honour  is  not  diffi- 
cult of  explanation,  as  the  desire  to 
retain  a  memento  of  the  departed  is 
one  of  the  most  universal  of  weaknesses, 
if  indeed  such  a  term  should  be  applied 
to  it.  Still  there  is  something  different 
in  the  reverence  of  a  religious  relic ; 
for  we  value  a  relic  of  a  departed 
friend  in  proportion  as  we  are  certain 
of  its  autfienticity.  Our  love  or  re- 
spect for  the  individual  is  not  increased 
by  it,  but  as  we  valued  the  friend  so 
18  the  memento  respected.  But  reli- 
gious relics  arc  said  to  be  useful  in 
promoting  religion,  and  our  love  to- 
wards a  hero  of  the  faith  is  said  to  be 
increased,  or  likely  to  be  increased,  by 
the  enjoined  veneration  of  fragments 
of  their  clothing,  bones,  hair,  and  other 
trifles,  not  always  conveying  the  most 
delicate  ideas.  But  in  the  history  of 
relic-honour,  supposing  we  struck  the 


balance  between  the  superstition  and 
real  devotion  created  thereby,  how 
much  merit  would  belong  to  the  relic  P 
The  fact  is,  that,  however  narmless  in  its 
origin,  it  very  soon  degenerated  into  a 
regular  system  of  gainful  traffic.  They 
were  not  suffered  long  to  remain  pas- 
sive mementos  of  mortality,  but  were 
called  upon  to  prove  their  authenticity 
by  a  series  of  wonders,  exceeding  fiir 
in  effect  and  quantity  those  performed 
by  the  saints  themselves  during  life; 
and  it  was  their  reputed  miraculous 
power  which  constituted  the  true  secret 
of  their  value.  They  were  advertise- 
ments to  monasteries  and  churches, 
and  the  source  of  ample  revenues  from 
the  concourse  of  pilgrims  who  thronged 
to  the  sacred  shnnes.  Not  many  years 
ago  the  exhibition  of  the  Holy  Coat  at 
■fi-bves  drew  a  concourse  which  asto* 
nished  this  age  of  scientific  inquiry; 
and  now,  but  a  few  weeks  since,  a 
septennial  festival  at  Aix-la-Chapelle 
has  proved  itself  not  behindhand  in 
its  display  of  zeal  or  credulity. 

Active  rivalry  between  monastic 
bodies,  each  greedy  of  the  honour  of 
their  relics,  was  the  common  and  or« 
dinary  result  of  the  system ;  and  if  by 
chance  one  obtained  a  relic  of  unusual 
power,  a  rival  was  sure  to  appear  in 
the  neighbourhood.  Even  this  was  not 
enough;  for,  setting  all  decency  and 
probability  at  defiance,  it  oflen  him* 
pened  that  when  a  head  worked  mi« 
racles  in  Rome  or  some  other  city,  the 
same  head  was  asserted  to  be  in  the 
possession  of  another  place,  and  some- 
times multiplied  to  three,  or  fonr,  all 
equally  authentic,  and  equally  proTing 
their  authenticity  by  miraculous  power* 
But  they  were  not  all  kept  stationary  ia 
their  honoured  receptacles  beneath  the 


3S2 


Some  Accoumi  «jf' Relies. 


[Oct 


altar«.  or  inclodd  in  gold  aod  silrer  cof- 
fers incruste<l  with  gems  and  precious 
stones ;  for  some  were  committed  to 
itiDerantJS  who  wandered  about  the 
country,  ^athurini^  nioner  bj  means 
somewhat  less  honourable  than  that  of 
the  common  mountebank.  These  were 
the  Pardoners,  whose  immoralities  and 
audacitj  aroused  the  indignation  of  the 
satirist.  Chaucer  has  drawn  an  ad- 
mirable picture  of  them;  and  Her* 
wood  the  dramatist,  though  a  Cathola*, 
attacked  them  with  wit,  coarse  and 
homelj,  but  effectiTe.  So  singularly 
contorted  were  people's  minds  on  this 
tubject  that  the  theft  of  a  relic,  if  with 
the  pious  intent  of  enriching  some 
other  church  or  shrine,  was  by  no 
means  so  serious  an  offence  as  one 
would  suppose :  indeed  even  sacrilege 
mi^ht  be  pious,  if  it  supported  super- 
stition. This  is  borne  out  by  the  nis- 
tory  of  the  nuptial  ring  of  St.  Joseph, 
said  to  be  preserved  at  Pemsia. 

It  had  been  kept  for  some  time 
at  a  rclicious  community  of  Francis- 
cans at  Chiusi,  where  one  of  the  bre- 
thren, Winther  by  name,  a  German, 
secreted  it,  with  the  intention  of  carry- 
ing his  prize  to  his  native  country. 
But,  wlien  on  his  road  thither,  he 
was  iVustratcd  by  a  sudden  dark- 
ness, which  struck  him  with  penitence, 
so  he  hung  the  ring  upon  a  tree 
and  confessed  his  sins  before  it,  and 
promised  to  go  back  again  to  Chiusi  if 
it  dispelled  the  darkness.  He  then 
discovered  that  it  emitted  a  great  light ; 
but  somehow  or  other  he  went  to  Peru- 
bia,  and  abo<le  with  the  Augustine 
friars,  so  far  forgetful  of  his  promise 
that  he  made  a  second  attempt  to  bear 
away  the  ring,  but  the  darkness  once 
more  prevented  him.  He  then  took 
counsel  with  his  landlord,  who,  repre- 
senting his  danger  from  the  people  of 
Chiusi,  and  the  benefit  he  would  gain 
from  the  inhabitants  of  Perusia,  per- 
suaded him  to  bestow  it  upon  that  city, 
lie  followed  this  advice  ;  but  soon  the 
bishop  of  Chiusi  came  to  get  back  the 
ring ;  but  the  Pcrusians,  although  fully 
awnre  of  it  being  stolen,  declared  that 
they  respected  it  too  much  to  part  with 
it,  and  would  even  defend  their  prize 
by  arms.  None  but  a  pope  could  de- 
cide so  grave  a  controversy,  and  the 
JBaie  was  laid  before  Sixtus  IV.,  but 


the  bonour  of  deciding  it  was  left  tat 
Innocent  HI.  who  confided  the  tadt 
to  Cardinal  Ficcolomini,  and  in  1486 
it  was  adiudged  to  the  Penuiaiis.  As 
for  Winther,  when  he  died,  two  religiovs 
coomionities  disputed  for  his  bod^; 
the  canons  of  St.  jLawrence  obtained  it, 
and  reTerentially  interred  it  before  an 
altar  of  St.  Joseph  and  liary;  a  ■Muni- 
ment was  erected  to  him,  on  which  his 
theft  had  honourable  mention,  as  pro- 
doctire  of  so  raluable  a  treasure  to 
the  city. 

In  the  zeal  for  relie-hononr,  the 
Totaries  of  the  Virgin  carried  them- 
selves to  an  extraragance  that  fell  no- 
thing short  of  indecency.  Sorely  none 
bot  the  most  irreverent  ideas  ocrald  be 
suggested  hj  the  display  of  the  milk 
of  the  Virgin  Mary;  yet  was  thia  a 
highly  honoured  relic  at  so  many  places, 
that  wits,  more  coarse  than  ptons, 
cracked  their  pokes  most  liberally,  and 
Erasmus  has,  m  his  amosing  CoUoqaio, 
ridiculed  with  great  force  the  exlubt- 
tion  made  of  it  at  the  celebrated  shrine 
of  our  Lady  at  Walsin^ham.*  At 
l^me  there  was  a  vial  of  it  at  each  of 
the  following  churches : — Santa  Maria 
del  Popolo,  Santa  Maria  in  Camnitelli, 
San  Nicholas  inCarcere,andSt.  Alexb; 
one  at  Venice  in  the  church  of  St. 
Mark;  another  at  Avignon,  with  the 
Celestines;  at  Padua,  Genoa,  and  in 
Provence,  in  the  cathedral  of  Toulon; 
and  at  Chartres  one  of  peculiar  sanc- 
tity, which  was  given  by  the  Virgin 
herself  to  Fulbert,  forty-fourth  bishop, 
on  occasion  of  a  bum  on  his  tonsne 
which  could  not  be  healed.  At  Naples, 
there  is  also  some  which  becomes  liquid 
every  feast  of  the  Virgin,  but  is  dried 
up  at  any  other  time ;  this  is  evidently 
a  rival  to  the  blood  of  St.  Januarius. 
Contrariwise,  at  Royaument,  is  some 
which  thickens  on  the  fete  days,  and  is 
Huid  at  all  other  times.  This  list  is 
but  a  few  of  the  most  noted,  and  many 
of  these  were  very  remarkable  for 
divers  miraculous  powers,  particularly 
the  cure  of  cancer  and  other  ills  of  the 
breast. 

Nicephorus.  a  writer  of  the  14th 
century,  narrates  with  much  circum- 
stance, the  bequest  that  the  Virgin  made 
at  her  death  of  two  chemises  to  two 
widows.  In  the  year  810  these  were 
at  Constantinople,  and  were  presented 


*  Vid.  Pilgrimages  to  Canterbury  and  Walsingham,  bj  J.  G.  Nichols,  p.  31. 


1833.] 


Some  Arc 


u  moat  precious  ginn  to  Cfaarlemagnc, 
who  gave  them  to  the  church  of  our 
Ladj  at  Aix-la-Ciinpelle.  Al'tcrwHrils, 
Chnrlee  the  Bald  gave  one  to  the  catlie- 
tlral  of  Chartres,  where  it  attracted 
croirdjof  pilgrims;  and  when  the  Nor- 
msDS  rar^d  France,  in  908,  and  laid 
si^e  to  Chartres,  the  pioua  bishop, 
Gouaseaume,  made  a  ulAiidurd  of  it, 
and,  ranrubing  at  the  head  of  his  Hock, 
theNormaDB  were  put  to  dif^ht,  which 
was  attributed  to  the  divine  favour  of 
our  Lady.  AMirrfchemiBe  was  brought 
from  Couatantinople  la  \205,  bjhiahup 
Nivelon,  and  given  to  the  church  of 
SoJMona;  a/ottrtA  wasshownat  Utrecht, 
and,  doubtlesB,  there  were  many  others 
either  entire  or  in  fragmenta  for  the 
pious  Teneratiou  of  the  faithful.  The 
same  writer  also  irives  an  account  of 
the  girdle  of  the  Virgin  Mnr^,  which, 
it  is  said,  she  let  fall  when  bein^  home 
br  angels  lo  Heaven,  and  which  St. 
Thomai  picked  u^.*  It  was  brought 
to  Conatantinople  in  the  fourth  centurjr, 
and  the  Greek  church  keeps  a  fete  of 
the  girdle  of  the  Mother  of  Gud,  on  the 
SIstof  AuauBt.  This  was  also  brought 
inlSOSloSoi^sonsi  but, notwithstand- 
ing, that  did  not  prevents  girdle  being 
shown  also  at  our  Ladj  of  Montserrat, 
in  Spain,  or  at  Notre  Dunie  at  Paris. 
One  was  also  to  be  seen  at  Chartres  in 
a  crystal  reliquary,  and  honoured  at 
Assisi  on  the  other  side  the  Alps,  as 
well  as  at  Frato  in  Tuscatij.  Before 
the  Reformation,  this  countrj  was  not 
behindhand  in  her  claims,  for  in  West- 
minster Abbcv,  a  girdle,  worked  liv 
her  own  linnds,  was  preserved  with 
due  veneration  and  faith.  Man/,  or 
all  of  theui,  performed  miracles  ;  that 
at  Prato  gave  safe  deliver;  to  pregnant 
women,  and  was  so  attached  to  it* 
church  that  all  attempts  to  take  it  away 
were  rendered  abortive.  It  escaped 
from  the  handsof  the  thieves,  and  went 
back  of  itself  to  its  relit^uary. 

To  ibe  relic- mongers,  the  wardrobe 
of  the  Virgin  Mar;  was  a  most  pro- 
Stable  investment ;  but  it  is  suggestive 
of  whtmsicnl  ideas  to  lind  Jews  trading 
with  tbe  Christians  in  such  coinmo* 
ilitiei. 

Id  the  litlh  century  an  old  Jewess 
boasted  of  the  possession  of  the  Virgin's 
gown;  Constantinoplewas  thefavDurite 
aeposttory  of  such   treasures,  and  to 


Constantinople  it  went,  and  was 
noured  with  special  veneration,  the 
2nd  of  July  bein^sct  apart  for  its  liSte 
day.  At  Kome  they  preserve  another 
in  the  church  of  St.  John  Lateran,  a 
third  in  the  church  of  Santa  Maria 
supra  Minerva,  a  fourth  in  Santa  Maria 
del  Popolo,  a  fi^h  in  the  church  nf  St. 
Uarbe.asixthinthechurcbnfSt.Blaixe, 
another  in  San  Thomas  in  Parione,  and 
one  in  that  of  Sanla  Susanna;  making 
eight  in  that  city  alone.  But  the  cata- 
logue does  not  stop  here,  lor  thcTP  is  one 
at  Sau  Salvador  in  Spain,  and  one  in  tbe 
Escurial ;  one  is  at  Avignon,  and  ana- 
tlier  at  Itlarseitles ;  one  at  Toulon,  at 
Aries,  at  Berre  in  Provence,  at  tbe 
Abbey  of  Mon tier-la- Celle  in  Cham- 

Efigne,  and  at  the  Chartreuse  <le  Mont 
)ieu.  At  Assisi  is  another,  at  Nnvo- 
2orod,  at  Brussels,  besides  many  others 
less  known,  but  perhaps  ijuite  as  au- 
thentic. That  so  precious  a  garment 
as  the  relic  of  Constantinople  should 
be  iIOO  years  and  more  in  the  poaession 
of  one  of  an  opposite  faitli,  would 
argue  that  the  early  Christian  s  were 
not  quite  so  careful  of  such  treasures 
OS  their  descendants  j  but  these  ore 
questions  that  the  faithful  never  ask. 

The  veil  of  the  Virgin  ^ry  is  ano- 
ther famousrolic  ^fted  like  the  rest 
with  almost  ubiquitous  presence.  It 
came  from  Jerusalem  to  Constanti- 
nople, and  was  oftentimes  used  by  the 
emperor  as  a  standard,  giving  assur- 
ance of  victorv.  Treves  boasts  the 
possession  of  this  treasure,  oud  it  is 
asserted  that  it  was  brought  Irom  Con* 
slantinople  in  1207.  Chartres,  Mont- 
serrat,  Itome,  Moscow,  and  tbe  Escu- 
rial, dispute  the  honour  of  possession 
of  the  true  veil;  and  there  is  one  at 
Marseilles,  and  others  elsewhere. 

The  hair  of  our  Lady  is  exhibited 
in  agreat  number  of  places,  and  would 
nt  least  be  less  improbable,  but  for  the 
great  variety  of  colours,  when,  if  tra- 
dition bo  true,  it  should  he  golden. 
Ktes  in  honour  of  the  Virgin  Mary's 
hair  are  held  at  Oviedo,  Bruges,  and 
St.  Omcr,  Sec;  and  there  is  a  current 
witticism  of  a  hair  so  fine  as  to  be  in- 
viti&ie.  A  monk  fhoicins:  this,  among 
other  relics,  a  peasant  with  open  eyes, 
said,  "My  reverend  father,  I  do  not  see 
the  holy  hair;"  "Parbleu,  I  well  be- 
lieve it,"  replied  the  monk,  "I  have 


334 


Souie  Account  of  Relict. 


[Oct 


jAoirn  it  for  twenty  years,  and  hare 
never  teen  it  mjself. 

The  relics  of  the  Yirffin  alone  would 
require  a  volume  to  iUuBtrate  them ; 
but  I  shall  now  give  a  few  notices  of 
those  of  St.  John  the  Baptist,  whose 
decapitated  head  of  course  was  the 
most  famous,  and  it  was  one  of  those 
which  favoured  the  faithful  by  show- 
ing itself  in  more  places  than  one  at 
the  same  time.  According  to  Theo- 
doret  the  tomb  of  St  John  the  Bap- 
tist was  at  Sebaste  in  Syria,  and  was 
desecrated  by  the  heathens  at  the  time 
of  Julian  the  Apostate,  who  burnt  the 
bones  and  cast  the  ashes  to  the  winds : 
but  Eusebius  states,  that  some  few 
were  preserved,  taken  to  Antioch,  and 
walled  up  bv  Athanasius.  Sozamen 
asserts  that  the  head  was  taken  by  the 
Emperor  Theodosius  to  Constantino- 
ple. Not  to  enter  into  too  many  par- 
ticulars, to  complicate  the  story,  it 
appears  that  in  the  (lAh  century  there 
were  two  acknowledged  heads  of  the 
Baptist  at  Emcsa  in  Phcenicia,  and  in 
consequence  the  Greeks  instituted  a 
fgte  to  the  two  heads  on  the  4th  of 
February — a  proof  of  their  faith,  if 
not  of  the  truth.  Another  head  is  pre- 
served by  the  Maronitcs  of  Libanus ; 
but  Ducange  proves,  that  that  at 
Amiens  was  the  real  true  head,  and 
that  it  was  brought  from  Constanti- 
nople—a fact  the  Greeks  do  not  admit. 
One  of  the  proofs  in  favour  of  the  head 
at  Amiens  is,  that  it  shows  the  mark 
of  a  wound  under  the  eve  given  by 
Ilerodias  with  a  knife,  l^he  celebrity 
of  this  relic  was  very  great  in  the 
western  world ;  it  drew  multitudes  of 
pilgrims,  and  the  tokens  of  their  pious 
journey  have  recently  receive<l  illustra- 
tion by  Mr.  Roach  Smith,  from  various 
examples  found  here,  as  well  as  in 
France.*  Another  head  was  preserved 
at  St.  Jean  d*Angely,  in  Sainton^e, 
brought  from  Alexandria  in  the  reign 
of  Pepin 'le-Bref;  and  Home  had  one 
in  the  church  of  St.  Sylvester,  which 
they  say  was  brought  to  them  by  some 
Greek  monks.  Pope  John  XXIII. 
sold  this  to  the  Florentines  for  60,000 
ducatti,  but  a  revolt  of  the  Romans 
compelled  him  to  break  the  bargain, 
which  was  stigmatised  at  the  council 
of  Constance  as  a  simoniacal  contract. 
This  relic  was  destroyed  in  the  taking 


of  Borne  by  Chiriea  V.  in  1527.  Ba- 
ronins,  however,  gives  to  the  nuni  of 
St.  Clair  the  honour  of  saving  the  relic 
from  the  hands  of  an  impious  soldier ; 
a  valiant,  but  dangerous  attempt  for 
ladies  under  such  circumstances. 

France  was  not  content  with  having 
more  than  one  true  head  already,  bat 
the  pious  King  St.  Louis  brought  one 
to  Faris,  a  present  from  Balchrin  IL 
Emperor  of  Constantinople;  but  this 
does  not  appear  to  have  been  a  very 
attractive  one.  There  was  another  at 
Soissons,  also  brought  from  Constan- 
tinople, so  that  France  was  foremost 
in  tnis  race  of  fraud.  The  Escurial 
had  one  with  similar  pretensions  to 
authenticity,  and  Moscow  claimed  ano- 
ther, doubtless  as  true  as  anv.  But, 
notwithstanding  that  twelve  heads  in 
a  tolerably  perfect  condition  can  be 
counted,  there  were  numerous  large 
and  important  fragments  of  the  skull 
in  all  sorts  of  places,  especially  at 
Malta,  which  contained  the  best  part 
of  another  head.  There  were  no  less 
than  seven  extra  jaws  of  great  note  in 
different  parts  of  Christendom,  as  well 
as  other  important  and  necessary  por- 
tions of  the  cranium. 

We  are  told  that  some  of  the  ashes 
were  saved  from  dispersion  by  the 
winds  of  heaven :  these,  therefore,  pos- 
sesse<l  wonderful  powers  of  multiplica- 
tion, and  churches  without  number 
claimed  to  possess  the  ashes  of  St.  John 
the  Baptist,  notwithstanding  the  dis- 
persion in  the  air.  But  even  this  was 
not  so  miirvellous  as  the  perfect  bones 
in  great  numbers,  whose  miraculous 

r)wer  attested  their  authenticity.  But 
will  pass  over  these  to  give  the  story 
of  the  finger  of  St.  John  the  Baptist, 
venerated  in  Britany  at  a  place  which 
derives  its  name  from  the  fact,  and  is 
called  St.  Jean-du-DoigU  This  small 
town  is  on  the  borders  of  the  sea,  and 
was  previous  to  the  Revolution  famous 
for  its  pilgrimages,  and  supported  by 
the  oiferiugs  of  these  pious  travellers. 
This  finger,  saved  from  the  cinders 
of  the  burnt  Ixxly,  was  sent  to  Philip 
Uie  Just  by  the  Patriarch  of  Jeru- 
salem. A  virgin  lady  of  Normandy 
found  means  to  possess  herself  of  it, 
and  brought  it  to  her  own  country. 
In  1437  a  youn^  man  of  Lower  Bn- 
tany  formed  a  plan  to  carry  it  off;  but 


•  Collectanea  Ant 


p.  88. 


1858.] 


Some  Account  ofRelici* 


385 


the  finger  did  not  wait  for  thig  act  of 
violent  rapine ;  of  its  own  free  will  it 
put  itself  in  the  sleeve  of  its  adorer, 
who  was,  however,  quite  ignorant  of 
his  good  luck.  He  is  drawn  towards 
his  native  country  by  a  supernatural 
power ;  he  passes  through  a  town ;  the 
bells  ring  out  joyfully  of  their  own  ac- 
cord, and  the  very  trees  bow  them- 
selves in  homage  and  delight.  He  is 
seized  as  a  sorcerer,  and  put  in  prison, 
but  next  day  he  awakes  miraculously 
in  his  native  village,  near  a  fountain, 
since  called  'Hhe  Fountain  of  the 
Finder.**  He  enters  the  chapel  of  Saint 
Menadec,  but  he  is  hardly  upon  his 
knees,  before  the  finger  goes  and  places 
itself  upon  the  altar.  Ue  remembers 
the  object  of  his  adoration ;  the  tapers 
light  of  themselves,  the  people  all 
prostrate  in  prayer ;  at  length  it 
reaches  the  ear  of  the  Duke  John, 
who  hurries  to  the  spot,  and  ends  by 
erecting  a  church  to  his  patron  saint. 
This  relic  had  great  affection  for  its 
church  in  Britany,  for  when  Henry 
YIL  of  England  sent  aid  to  Anne  the 
Duchess  against  Charles  VH.  King  of 
France,  under  the  orders  of  Richard 
Eggesmil,  his  vassals  carried  off  the 
finger ;  but  when  they  had  arrived  at 
Southampton,  the  coffin  was  empty, 
and  the  relic  gone  home.  But  this 
relic,  if  not  destroyed,  no  longer  pro- 
duces its  miracles,  and  pilgrims  no 
longer  think  it  worthy  of  their  honour. 
The  singular  history  of  the  true 
cross  has  found  an  historian  in  Lord 
Mahon,  but  that  of  the  nails  is  not 
less  marvellous.  These  were,  of  course, 
discovered  at  the  same  time  as  the  cross 
by  St.  Helena,  who,  however,  disposed 
of  one  by  casting  it  into  the  sea  during 
a  tempest  to  appease  the  waves.  Con- 
stantine,  her  son,  made  use  of  another 
in  the  bit  of  his  horse^s  bridle,  and  it  is 
asserted  that  the  iron  crown  of  Lom- 
bardy  is  made  out  of  another ;  but  the 
same  thing  is  said  to  have  been  done 
at  the  command  of  St.  Helena  for  her 
son,  so  that  hvo  crowns  were  made  out 
of  them.  Milan  cathedral  has  another 
nail,  which  is  said  to  be  one  that  was 
attached  to  the  bridle  of  Constantino, 
a  variation  from  the  story  which  made 
it  a  component  part.  This  is  elevated 
above  the  high  altar,  between    five 


lights,  which  burn  day  and  night.  There 
were  three  nails  preserved  at  Rome; 
the  same  number  in  Paris.  One  of 
great  sanctity  is  preserved  at  Nurem- 
berg ;  two  at  Naples  ;  one  nt  each  of 
the  following  towns  :—A8sisi,  An- 
cona.  Sienna,  Venice,  Cologne,  Treves, 
Bruges,  Draguignan,  &c.  The  ori- 
ginal number  of  three  has  been  mul- 
tiplied into  twenty-seven  notorious  in- 
stances, besides  others  less  known, 
which  would  swell  the  list  to  a  much 
larger  amount. 

The  great  number  of  this  relic  claim- 
ing authenticity  seem  to  have  puzzled 
even  those  disposed  to  credence;  for 
Godescard  tries  to  explain  the  fact  in 
a  way  that  can  scarcely  mend  the 
matter.  He  says,  **  The  true  nail,  which 
is  at  Rome,  in  the  church  of  the  Holy 
Cross,  has  been  filed  and  has  no  longer 
a  point.  These  filings  have  been  m- 
closed  in  other  nails,  made  like  the 
true  one,  and  by  this  means  they  have 
in  some  sort  been  multiplied.  A  yet 
other  mode  of  multiplying  it  has  been 
found.  That  was,  to  touch  similar 
nails  with  it,  which  were  immediately 
distributed.  Saint  Charles  Borromeo, 
a  very  enlightened  prelate,  and  of  the 
most  scrupulous  exactness  in  the  fact  qf 
relics^  had  many  nails  made  like  that 
which  is  kept  at  Milan,  and  distributed 
them  after  they  had  touched  it.  He 
gave  one  of  them  to  Philip  U.  as  a 
precious  relic."  * 

This  ingenious  and  ingenuous  ex- 
planation tells  it^  own  story,  and  ffives 
a  tolerable  hint  at  the  mode  of  mfu^inff 
relics;  and,  if  the  imitations  had  as  much 
virtue  in  them  as  the  ori^nal,  which 
cannot  be  doubted,  there  is  no  reason 
to  complain;  and  one  must  acknow- 
ledge that  Saint  Charles  was  worthy 
of  being  himself  enshrined  as  a  relic, 
as  he  is,  in  the  costly  chapel  at  Milan. 
His  body  is  as  yet  too  recent,  or  mo- 
dern faith  less  easy,  for  any  rival;  but 
his  wardrobe  enriches  many  a  treasury, 
while  the  miracles  performed  at  his 
tomb  may  be  estimated  by  the  ex  voto 
offerings,  which  Ribadeneira  states  to 
have  amounted  in  1610  to  as  many  as 
10,350. 

It  is  perhaps  unneceasarv  to  inquire 
into  the  authenticity  of  the  horns  of 
Moses,  which  Misson  tells  usf  were  pre- 


♦  Vie  des  P^res,  &c.  3  Mai. 

t  MissoDi  Voyage  en  Italie;  &c.  vol.  ii.  p.  148. 


336 


Some  Account  of  Belies. 


[Oct. 


senred  at  (jenoa,  having  been  brouffht 
in  a  botUe  by  a  pilgrim  from  the  II0I7 
Land ;  or  wneiher  feathers  from  the 
wings  of  Saint  Michael,  were  edifying 
to  the  faithful  who  visited  Mont  St. 
Michel  in  1784,  but  the/  are  doubtless 
as  veracious  stories  as  many  others  of 
more  received  credibility.* 

It  is  not  by  examining  the  acts  of 
councils,  that  we  can  understand  the 
actual  feeling  prevalent  in  the  Church 
durinff  the  middle  ages  on  the  question 
of  relic-worship,  but  the  contemporary 
writers  afibrd  us  all  we  can  desire, 
and  of  these  Csesarius  of  Heisterbach 
is  replete  with  information  in  his  plea- 
sant but  wondrous  stories.  These  are 
indeed  especially  interesting,  from  the 
hct  that  this  worthy  monk  speaks  of 
events  and  things  in  bis  own  immediate 
neighbourhood,  and  nearly  always  per- 
taining to  his  own  order.  The  follow - 
ing  is  remarkable  in  more  than  one 
pomtf  "A  certain  convert  of  our 
order  (Cistercian),  when  from  that 
Bociety  of  virgins  (the  11,000  virgins) 
he  brought  a  certain  head  to  our  mo- 
nastery, out  of  devotion  he  washed  it 
with  wine,  kissing  it  The  same  night 
a  most  beautiful  damsel  appeared  to 
the  convert  in  his  sleep,  and  embracing 
him  said,  *  To-day  wnen  you  washed 
my  head  you  kissed  me  so  amiably,  I 
will  repay  you  in  the  same  way.'  He, 
considering  his  profession,  that  the 
kiss  of  the  girl  would  corrupt,  with- 
drew his  head,  and  thus  by  this  motion 
awoke.*'  The  novice  to  whom  this 
story  is  told  then  says,  "When  in  the 
streets  and  gardens  of  the  city  of 
Cologne  bones  of  the  eleven  thousand 
virgins  are  found,  it  seems  to  me  to  be 
scarcely  possible  but  that  oftentimes 
other  Dones  are  mixed  with  them." 
The  monk  answers  that  relics  will  not 
suffer  any  false  ones  among  them,  and 
relates  a  wonderful  story  to  confirm  it, 
how  the  bone  of  a  horse  was  thrust  out 
of  sacred  company.  A  number  of  relics 
were  laid  out  on  the  seats  in  St.  Mary's 
church  in  the  Capitol  at  Cologne,  co- 


vered with  clean  cloths,  and  as  they 
dried  a  great  smell  arose  from  them. 
Goswin  the  Abbot  immediately  knew 
this  was  the  work  of  the  devil,  and, 
having  clothed  himself  with  his  sacer* 
dotal  garments,  proceeded  to  exorcism, 
and  a  great  horse's  bone  jumped  out 
of  the  midst  as  if  projected  in  a  whirl- 
wind, and  the  stink  was  succeeded  by 
the  usual  sweet  odour  of  relics.]: 

This  narrative  derives  some  interest 
from  its  locality ;  the  great  number  of 
bones  that  fill  almost  every  church  of 
Cologne  with  relics  cannot  fail  to  arrest 
the  attention  of  all  who  visit  that  in- 
teresting city,  and  the  above  stories 
tend  to  shew  how  they  wei'e  accumu« 
lated,  by  the  evidence  of  one  who  was  a 
contemporary  witness.  Great  numbers 
of  bones  have  always  been  dug  up  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Cologne,  not  a 
great  thing  to  marvel  at  considering 
uiat  it  was  an  important  Roman  co- 
lony :  is  it  not  exceeding  probable  that 
these  remains  belong  to  a  lar^e  inter- 
ment of  the  colonists,  thus  disturbed 
to  become  sanctified  and  paraded,  for 
an  honour  the  living  possessors  little 
anticipated? 

The  wide-spread  devotion  to  relics 
is  certainly  a  singular  fact.  It  was 
universal  in  pagan  antimiity ;  it  is  rife 
among  the  followers  of  Mahomet  and 
in  the  more  ancient  religions  of  India ; 
it  forms  a  not  inconsiderable  means  of 
acquiring  power  over  the  minds  of 
the  people;  and  it  seems  to  be  so 
gradual  a  step  to  pass  from  an  innocent 
weakness  to  a  gross  superstition,  that 
minds  of  high  intelligence  are  carried 
by  the  force  of  habit-,  or  of  the  system, 
to  admit  things  contrary  to  the  plainest 
dictates  of  common  sense;  and  we 
have  seen  from  the  events  of  the 
month  of  July  last,  that  thousands 
upon  thousands  still  crowd  to  see  a  few 
vestments,  whose  history,  if  examined, 
would  present  the  most  positive  evi- 
dence of  fraud. 

J.  G.  WAXiLBB. 


*  The  author  of  Vathek,  in  his  Travels  in  Spain,  speaks  of  a  feather  he  saw  at  the 
Escarial  Uken  from  the  wings  of  Gabriel, 
t  Csesarius,  Dialog.  Miraculomm,  distinct,  oct  cap.  88. 
%  Idem,  cap.  89. 


IN  the  tower  of  tbe  uhurch  at  West 
Briilglbri]  near  Nottingham,  on  ita 
south  side,  Is  inserted  nn  inscribed 
stone  which  has  hitherto  been  unno- 
ticed, or  at  least  un deciphered  ;  but  it 


is  elearlj  to  be  read,  Chriitia  hipis 
adjtttorii.  There  are  so  iaanj>  paesages 
in  Hoi;  Scripture  in  which  God  and 
tbe  Saviour  are  figured  as  a  stone  or 
It  rock  (in  tbe  Latin  lapis  and  pttra), 
tliftt  it  IS  difficult  to  i&j  whether  any 
one  in  pnrticulor  is  here  alluded  to. 
The  18th  pHolm,  which  is  also  given 
in  the  2nd  book  oi  Samuel,  uhnpter 
GxHT.  J^l&Q.  Vol.  XL. 


xxii.(and  is  there  described  as  tbe  soogfl 
which  David  composed  when  he  '   ~ 
delivered  (rom  the  band  of  Saul),  c 
tains  the  following  cxpreasions : — 

The  Lord  is  mj  rock,  and  my  rortrei^~] 
and  m;  deliverer;  tbe  God  of  mj  rock  ; 

(lie  bum  of  mj  ■■IvatioD  ;  taj  high  tower, 
and  mj  reraga.  m;  suviour.      FertH  S,  3. 

Tbe  Lard  liveth  i    sad  bleascd  hr   UT 
roek,  and  eulted  be  tbe  God  of  tlit 
of  mj  lalTalion.     Vent  47. 

In  Isaiah,  xxvili.  16,  the  Lord  C 
promises  to  place  in  tbe  foitnJatiaa 
of  Sion  a  tried  stone,  a  sure  fi 
tion  :    and   in   Psalm  cxvlii.  2S 
said  that  "  the  [tone  which  the  hi 
refused  is  become   the  bead-sb 
the  corner,"  both  which  passages  ■ 
applied  to  Christ  b^  St.  Peter  in  t 
second  chapter  of  his  first  epistle. 
also  of  tbe  rock,    St.  Paul  says,  1  C 
jt.  10,  "They  drank  of  tlie  rock  t 
followed    them,   and    that    rock    i 
Christ."     There  arc  many  other  c 
2X 


838 


Wanderingi  of  an  Antiquary. 


COct. 


respondent  passages,  particularlj  in 
the  Psalms,  but  still  we  bare  not  suc- 
ceeded in  finding  any  of  tbem  repre- 
sented in  the  Latin  rersions  bj  the 
words  lapU  adjutoriu 

The  position  of  the  stone,  which  is 
shown  in  the  sketch  of  the  tower  abore 
giren,  is  extraordinary  and  unaccount- 
able. It  is  neither  a  foundation  stone 
nor  a  comer  stone,  but  at  the  height 
of  about  twenty  feet  from  the  ground, 
It  is  not  of  cognate  nature  with  the 
rest  of  the  fabric;  and  it  measures 
about  28  inches  across. 


The  dedication  of  the  church  is  to 
Saint  Giles. 

If  any  of  our  readers  can  throw  any 
further  light  upon  this  stone,  or  the 
use  of  the  text ;  or  can  point  oat  aoj 
correspondent  inscription  in  othcar 
plaoea,  we  shall  be  glad  to  receiYe 
their  information.  For  the  fac-simile 
rubbing  from  which  the  inacrqitioQ 
has  been  reduced  we  are  indebted  to 
Mr.  Potter  of  Wymeswold,  the  author 
of  an  intended  History  of  Leicester- 
shire. 


WANDERINGS  OP  AN  ANTIQUARY. 

Bt  Thomas  WaioHT,  F.S.A. 

XIII. — Stonbbbngb. 


WHEN  the  great  railway  lines  first 
began  to  be  laid  down  there  was  a 
general  complaint  among  the  lovers  of 
picturesque  scenery  that  trarelling 
m  future  would  be  carried  on  between 
dull  embankments  and  through  dark 
tunnels,  and  that  we  should  lose  for 
erer  the  fine  views  which  we  used 
to  enjoy  from  the  top  of  a  stage-coach. 
The  complaint  has  proved  to  be  in  a 
great  measure  without  foundation,  for 
many  lines  might  be  pointed  out  which 
present  a  long  succession  of  views  that 
could  hardly  be  surpassed.  Among 
these  we  may  class  the  South-western 
line,  which,  generally  running  on  an 
embankment,  in  its  course  through  the 
fine  airricultural  counties  of  Surrey 
and  Hampshire,  indulges  us  with 
various  and  extensive  prospects  with 
scarcely  any  intermission.  The  beau- 
tifully rural  scenery  around  Winchester 
is  especially  striking.  Through  this 
scenery  we  pursue  our  course  to  Bishop- 
stoke,  the  station  from  which  a  branch 
line  will  carry  us  forward  to  Salisbury. 
This  new  line  presents  the  same  general 
character  as  the  one  we  have  left.  The 
rural  beauties  of  the  neighbourhood  of 
Winchester  continue,  and  are  strongly 
marked  as  we  approach  the  picturesque 
town  of  Romsey,  with  its  fine  old 
abbey  churcb,  which  is  seen  to  ad- 
vantage from  the  line.  Beyond  Romsey 
the  country  for  awhile  is  somewhat  less 
interesting,  but  it  soon  changes  again, 
and  the  scenery  becomes  bolder  and 


more  hilly,  until  at  length  we  descry 
before  us  the  tall  slender  spire  of 
Salisbury  Cathedral. 

Salisbury,  situated  in  a  bottom  into 
which  several  fine  valleys  open,  each 
bringing  its  tributary  waters,  is  a 
stra^ling  old  city,  divided  and  sur- 
rounded by  streams.  The  principal  of 
these  is  the  Avon,  which  is  joined  bj 
the  united  streams  of  the  Madder  and 
Willy  on  one  side  of  the  town,  and  bj 
the  Bourne  on  the  other.  As  a  por- 
tion of  the  water  from  these  rivers  is 
turned  into  narrow  channels  which  run 
along  almost  every  street  in  Salisbury, 
the  town  has  a  peculiar  appearance  of 
clcHEmness,  but  it  presents  few  other 
objects  of  much  interest  except  its  ca- 
thedral. From  the  circumstance  of 
the  late  period  of  its  settlement,  it 
contains  few  objects  of  remote  an- 
tiquity. There  are  a  few  rather  early 
houses,  several  of  which  are  of  the 
fifteenth  century,  if  not  older.  Chie  of 
the  finest  of  these,  as  a  whole,  is  the 
pile  of  building  formeriy  known  as  the 
George  Inn.  oome  of  the  others  have 
interesting  carved  work  in  the  interior, 
both  in  wood  and  stone.  One  of  these, 
a  stone-fronted  house  in  New  Street, 
has  a  stone  fire-place  in  the  upper 
room,  over  which  is  a  very  curious 
painting  in  distemper  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  representing  the  Adoration  of 
the  Three  Kinffs.  Sidisbury  Cathedral, 
which  was  buut  by  Bishop  Poor  and 
his  two  successors,  between  1220,  when 


1858.] 


Sionthenge. 


the  foiindatiou- atone  was  laid,  anil  1238, 
nhen  the  edifine  wns  ileilicnteil.  In  a 

yery   perfect   Bpeeimen   of    Ihe   later 

Gnad  of  the  Earlj-EnglJah  et^le.     It 
a   a  peculiarity   not    usual   among 
buildings  of  thj«   descriplion,  that  it 
«  begun  and  completeu  i 


little  off  the  road  to  the  left  a  publra! 
house  surrounded  by  a  lew  treea.  Tbil 
is  the  Druid's  Head.  It  is  a  place  of 
small  Bccommodation  in  proportion  to 
ita  appearance,  and  the  visitor  muit 
not  reckon  on  obtaining  here  more 
than  bread  and  cbeeae  and  ale  (or 


itjie  of   architecture,   and   probublj  they  call   the   stron|{   malt   liquor  in 

wi^  bat  little  alteration  io  the  original  Wiltshire,  beer),  anythiDC  like  a  night's 

plan.    It  is  remarkable  for  the  general  lodging  being  quite  out  of  the  question. 

B;mineU7  of  its  form,  and  for  its  noble  From  the  Druid's  Head  the  vnndersr 

spire,  which  served  and  probabljr  was  must  strike  across  the  downs  in  rather 

inteuded  ns  a  landmark  to  travellers  a  westernly  direction.  A  large  barrow 

over     the     almost    trackless    downs,  scattered  nere  and  there  within  sight 

Fepys,  travelling  over  Salisbury  Plain  of  the  road  will  already  have  attracted 

from  Hungerford  to  Salisbury  in  the  hisatteDtion.audnowtlieseraonaments 

year  1668,  tells  us  that  in  the  latter  become  more  n 
part  of  the  journey  he  went  "  all  over 
the  plan  by  the  sight  of  the  steeple  to 
Sftlisburj.-^ 

No  coanty  in  Englond  is  so  remark- 
Able  for  ita  numerous  antiquides  of  an  and  their  contents  ore  described  in  his 
early  dale  as  Wiltshire,  and  one  of  the  work  on  Ancient  Wiltshire.  Near  the 
most  celebrated  monuments  in  the  end  of  the  fir  plantation  are  two  sin- 
isluttd  stands  within  a  short  distance  of  gular  rings,  one  on  each  side  of  our 
Salisbury.  Leaving  the  cily  by  its  path,  which  are  no  doubt  the  remains 
northern  suburb,  we  proceeil  alons  tbe  of  sepulchral  monuments  of  a  some- 
high  road  to  Devizes,  which  leads  us  what  peculiar  form,  which  were  named 
by  a  gradual  ascent  along  the  edge  of  fancifully  by  Sir  Richard  Colt  Uoare 
a  hill  which  overlooks  the  valley  of  the  Druid's  Barrows.  Just  aswe  turn  the 
Ayon.  Rich  cornfields  border  the  plantation,  Stonehenge,  at  the  distance 
road  oD  each  side,  and  as  we  advance  of  somewhat  more  than  half  a  mile, 
we  leave  to  the  right  beautiful  and  bursts  full  upon  our  view, 
constantlv-changingviewaof  the  valley  Onme  the  effect  of  Stonefaenge,whesj 
below,  with  the  bold  fortifications  of  Ifirst  saw  ll,  was  disappointment.  Xhii' 
Old  Sarum  forming  a  very  prominent  feeling  was  perhaps  m^nly  produced 
object  in  the  landscape.  If  we  look  by  the  vastncss  of  the  scene  around, 
bock  the  spire  of  Salisbury  Cathedral  which  causes  the  work  of  men's  hands 
rises  from  among  the  tree«  in  which  to  dwindle  into  insignificance  when 
the  city  is  embosomed.  At  n  diaiunce  ploeed  In  contrast  with  the  crander 
of  about  three  miles  the  hedgerows  features  of  Nature's  workmanship.  It 
and  cornfields  cease,  and  wc  find  our-  is  only  when  we  have  examined  it  more 
selves  upon  an  open  and  rather  elevated  closely,  and  walked  round  and  through 
down,  covered  with  fine  aofl  grass,  it,  that  we  gradually  become  aware  of 
which  stretches  out  in  tbe  distance  the  real  magnitude  of  this  great  jiile 
before  us.  To  the  right  we  have  still  of  rude  stonework.  Stonehengc  stands 
the  fertile  valley  below,  bounded  north-  on  a  slight  swell  upon  elevated  ground 
wardly  by  tbe  outlines  of  distant  hills,  which  stretches  out  towards  the  south. 


n 


and  having  now  behind  us  Old  Sanii 
and  still  further  south  a  distant  gtimpae 
of  new  Salisbury.  We  ore  now  on 
Salisbury  Plain,  which  stretches  for 
miles  before  us  in  its  solitary  dreari- 
nes^  a  plain  only  In  name,  for  it  is  in 
reality  a   series   of  undulating  chalk 


but  sinks  gently  towards  the  north  ai 
east  into  a  combe  or  valley.  It  occu- 
pies the  centre  of  a  circular  area,  sur- 
rounded by  a  slight  bank  and  ditch, 
about  three  hundred  and  sixty  feet  In 
diameter.  The  outer  circle  of  the 
building  itself  was  about  a  hundred 


downs,   well   described   \n   Pepys   as     feet  in  diameter.     This  circle  consisted 
n  "plain  high   and  low.      Wc   keep     originally  of  thirty  upright  stones,  sup- 


"  plain  high   and 
for  tbe  present  to  the  Devixes 
until,  at  the  distance  of  about 
and  a  half  from  Salisbury,  i 


originally  of  thirty  upright  st  ^ 

porting  ns  many  others  placed  horizon- 
tally, BO  as  to  form  a  continuous  im- 
post.    Tbe  upright  stones  are  about 


fVaHiieringt  of  an  Aniiqttary, 


^ 


above  ^unil.  uid 
tiji  three  in  thickneM. 
■lis  circle  WIS  KiioUier,  e\j^\y- 
rt  in  diameter,  wUch  ijifiean 
coDiisted  of  about  the  uine 
number  uf  upriffbt  stooee,  but  mach 
Mnaller,  ani)  with  no  impoBla.     Within 
tbi*  circle  were  two  elliptical  «ma^- 
nents  of  Inrge  and  iiinall  stones,  tbe 
"*     ler  ami^^  in  what  the  Freath 
'  igisli  l«rcn  triliths,  or  groups 
tlouM,  two  ufiright  ones,  and 
Tbese  Inlitha  were  from 
twcnn-DOB  feet  in  height, 
— the  higbeat  bema  that  to  the  louth, 
the  next  in  deration  those  adjoining 
to  it,  anil  ibe  Inweal  ibose  towards  the 
north.     The  other  or  inner  ellipse  was 
fornufii  of  a  Moica  of  amall  upright 
•tonet,  lliree  uf  which  stood  before  each 
trilith.    These  ellipw*  ftand  north  and 
•onth  1  the  triliths,  as  far  u  we  can 
Judge  by  what  remaina,  were  fire  iu 
jiumbcr,  one,  which  ia  the  largest,  oc- 
cupying the  southern  end,  and  two  on 
each  aide.     There  ore  no  tracer  of  a 
trilith  at  the  northern  end,  but  tlicr« 
are  remains  of  sutaJl  stones,  which  are 


sapfKMcd  to  have  * 
hivn  cotuiilered  to  be  tltc  entnUHK, 
although  tlie  onler  circle  wcms  to  have 
been  iierfectly  uoifonn  all  round,  with- 
out any  indication*  of  one  place  being 
intetiJod  for  an  entrance  rather  than 
another.  Within  (he  central  ellipse, 
in  front  of  the  principal  trilith,  is  a 
Urge  tlat  stonn.  which  those  who  con- 
sider the  building  to  be  a  temple  nil 
the  altar.  Of  iheae  duidctous  stones, 
many  have  been  broken  up  and  earned 
away  for  materiaU,  and  oihera  hare 
fallen  and  now  lay  prostrate  on  the 
ground,  M  that  at  a  first  glanoe  of  the 
interior  the  whole  presents  a  ■fvrj  000' 
tiiseil  appearance.  As  tnight  be  ex- 
pected, the  smaller  stones  have  Buffered 
most,  and  of  the  inner  circle  avcry  stnaU 
number  remain  in  their  position,  while 
of  the  outer  circle  seventeen  of  the 


main  in   their   place.     Of  the  larger 
ellipses,  the  two  eatlem   triliths  are 


I  its  present .  condition,  as  seen  from 

'  a  eastern  side  uf  the  outer  circle. 

le  of  the  uprights  of  the  great  south- 

n  trilith  is  alao  itanding,  and  one  of 

n»e  on  the  western  side.     The  other 

irights  and  ihcir  imposts  arc  icatlered 

'k  gniund  in  a  confuted  heiip.   One 

e  triliths  fell  »o  Ute  as  the  year 

Hloues.  which  are  rery 

•lonea   remnining  at  irregular 

»  wmiia  lea.1  iis  to  suapeut  thnt 

t  had  been  originally  n  circle  of 

II  atones  just  within  the  bank  hiuI 

mliog  the  arcn  of  which 


St»nehen)>e  occupies  the  centre.     On 
the  east  «iul  wcat  »ide^  also  just,  within     ' 
tlie  area,  there  are  Iwu  singular  round 
caviiie*  in  the  ground,   the  object  of 
which  is  b»  no  means  apparent.     The 
entrance  itilo  this  area  was  evidently 
on  the  north,  where  it   19  approached 
by  a  wide  and  slightly  embanked  road 
from  the  norlh-east,  which,  at  the  dis-    : 
tanoe  of  a  lew  hundred  feet,  branched    , 
oiy  in   two  ways,  running  north  and 
eaal.     At  the  spot  where  this  road  en- 
tered the  area,  a  lar^  stone  hai  fallen 
upright  position,  and  lies  flat 
though  its  fiill  had  been    , 


Thiartwte  j 


1853.] 


Slonehengg. 


in  in  its  rough  original  condition ;  but,  sn<l  it  is 
singularlj  enough,  at  tbe  bottom  of  it  il  less  holU 
■here  arc  eridont  and  strong  marks  of 
the  process  or  chJaseling  nitb  the  appa- 
rent object  of  cutting  oflf  a  long  pro- 
jeutin^  point  to  give  il  a  better  form 
for  fixing  in  the  ground.     Thit  point 


robable  that,  bj  giving 


At  about  a  hun- 
dred jards  further  along  the  ancient 
road  we  found  another  atone,  reeem- 
bling  it  incharacter,  but  stilt  preserving 
ipright  poiition.    The  next  aketcb. 


was,  however,  ev eatuall;  left  aa  it  wao,     whicn  represents  the  general  appear- 


ance of  Sumehenge  on  ita  northern  or 
'  more  perfect  side,  is  taken  from  near 

thii  upright  stone,  which  is  shown  in 
tlie  foreground,  with  the  fallen  atouu 
beyond  lU  A  little  further  bock  is  a 
Inrge  bnrrow,aDd  similar  borrows  cover 
nil  the  elevated  spots  around. 

Such  is  Stonehenge  in  its  present 
appearance,  and  such  is  all  the  idea  we 
can  form  of  the  appearaiice  it  presented 
when  in  a  perfect  condition.  There  is 
nothing  about  it  to  give  us  the  slightest 
grounds  for  fixing  the  period  at  which 
it  was  built,  or  the  object  which  it 
was  intended  to  serve,  or  the  events 

however,  one  circuraslance  to  bu  espe- 
cially observed.  The  smaller  stones 
are  rough  and  unhewn,  as  in  I  he  gene- 
rality of  what  are  usually  ciilleil  dru- 
idicol  moDuuients,  and  which  are  as- 
signed to  the  British  period,  but  the 
Ktonw  of  the  outer  circle  and  of 
the  triliths  have  been  3quare<l  with 
tools,  and  they  have  therefore  be*n 
BUjipoaed  to  belong  to  a  later  and  more 
civilised  period  than  the  others.  Moru- 
over,  the  upright  stones  have  Urge 
tenons  or  pri>jections  on  the  top,  which 
fitted  into  mortices  ur  hollows  in  the 


superincumbent  slabs.  These  tenons 
and  mortices  are  seen  in  the  stones  that 
have  fallen,  and  a  tenon  is  shewn  on 
the  top  of  the  leaning  stone  (one  side 
of  a  great  Irillth)  in  our  sketch  of  the 
interior.  Some,  however, adopting  the 
theory  of  two  periods  of  erection,  re- 
verse tbe  order,  and  think  that  the 
hewn  stones  belonged  to  the  original 
buildiug,  and  that  tbe  other  are  later 
and  hasty  additions,  when  the  building 
was  turned  to  some  other  purpose. 
Doth  of  these  suppositions,  however, 
seem  to  be  inBuenced  by  a  pretended 
historical  event,  which  is  probably  a 
mere  table.  The  various  theories  upon 
this  suiijeot  ore  so  many,  and  most  of 
them  so  absurd,  that  they  are  really 
not  worth  enumerating.  Unfortu- 
nal«ly  history  has  led  us  nothing  to- 
wards clearing  up  the  mystery. 

The  first  direct  allusion  to  Stone- 
henge  is  found  in  a  Latin  list  of  the 
"Wonders  of  Britain"  (,De  Mirabiti- 
hut  BribtHida),  publish^  by  the  his- 
torian Henry  of  Huntingdon,  in  the 
(irat  half  of  the  twelfth  century.  He 
tells  us  that,  »  At  Stanhcnge*  stones  of 
wonderful  magnitude  are  raised  in  the 
manner  of  doors,  so  that  tbcy  seem 


34S 

like  doors  placed  npon  door*,  nor  cnn 
any  one  imagine  bjr  what  art  thej  vere 
raineili  or  bow  construcinl."'  Henrj 
of  Huntingdon  was  a  girat  searcher 
into  popular  stories  and  traditions,  and 
it  tenmt  to  me  8nflici«ntl7  evident 
from  this  account  that  there  was  no 
ekiiting  notion  at  that  time  on  the 
builders  of  Stonehenge,  or  on  its  object. 
The  whole  bailding  was  then  probably 
in  a  perfect  state,  antl  there  is  one  part 
of  thiB  early  description  which  is  suf- 
GcJenll 7  curious  to  deserve  our  atten- 
tion. We  are  told  that  the  stones 
were  so  pUocd  u  to  resemble  iluori 
ptaced  upon  doori.  It  is  reujarkable 
that  juHt  wiihin  the  outer  circle,  on  the 
north  side,  there  is  on  the  ground  n 
com  para  tively  small  stone,  which  has 
niuili  puzzled  antiquaries  in  their  con- 
jeclures.  It  is  a  small  impost  atone, 
with  its  two  inortioea,  which  appears 
to  belong  to  no  arrangement  of  stones 
that  is  nowvbible.  Is  it  possible  that 
there  was  originally  *  smaller  rangre  of 
Ujirighls  and  imposts  running  along 
the  summit  of  the  outer  circle?  This 
would  answer  exBctl}r  to  Henry  of 
Huntingdon's  description,  and  would 
at  onue  account  for  this  single  puzitlioc 
stone.  The  others,  being  small  and 
easily  broken  up,  tmiT  linve  been  all 
carried  away,  and  this  small  upper 
circle  would,  from  its  character  and 
position,  be  naturally  the  first  to  fall. 

The  Saxon  name  Stin-henge  has  a 
Tery  simple  meaning,  the  hanging 
stones,  ana  would  be  just  the  sort  of 
term  applied  by  people  to  a  monument 
of  this  construction  of  the  history  of 
which  they  were  ignorant.  It  appears, 
however,  not  to  have  been  undersloud 
by  the  Nonuon  scribes,  who  held  the 
!>axoQ  language  in  contempt,  and  we 
find  it  Tariously  written  in  the  manu- 
scripts Htonhenge,  Slanhenges,  and 
not  unfrequently  Stanheogiflt.  I  have 
no  doubt  that  this  latter  forni  of  the 
word  arose  from  a  mistaken  deri- 
vation from  the  sound  of  the  word, 
and  lliat  on  this  mistaken  derivation 
alone  wus  built  the  story  publishod  by 


WnnJeringi  of  an  Anli^uart/. 


COet. 


Geoffrey  of  Monmouth.  It  was  er- 
roneously supposed  that  the  name 
meant  the  stones  of  Hcngist.  The  de- 
rivation of  the  names  of  things  from 
those  of  historical  personages  was  not 
only  common,  but  was  absolutely  car- 
ried to  an  absurd  extent,  in  ""  '**"  ' 
and  thirteenth  centuries. 

Soon  aiW  Henry  of  Hunting 
wrote,  Geoffrey  of  Klonmouth  | 
lished  the  singular  work  called  I 
"  British  History."  It  is  not  my  bu- 
siness here  to  investigate  the  materials 
of  which  this  romance  was  built,  in 
which,  for  the  first  time,  a  history  of 
the  formation  of  Slonehenge  was  at- 
tempted. GeoSrey  pretends  that  when 
Hengist  was  invited  a  second  lime  into 
Britain,  the  treacherous  Saxon  de- 
manded a  meeting  with  the  British 
chieftains,  and,  king  Vortigern  having 
acceded  to  his  request,  a  grand  feast 
was  held  on  the  first  of  Mav  at  the 
monastery  of  Ambrius  (i.e.  Ambres- 
bury).  There  llengist  and  his  fol- 
lowers treacherously  massacred  all  the 
British  nobles  and  princes,  except  the 
king  Vortigern,  who  was  taken  pri- 
soner and  held  as  a  hostage.  Subse- 
quently Vortigern  obtained  his  liberty, 
was  slain,  and  succeeded  by  Aurelius 
Ambrosius.  Under  this  prince,  the 
SaJtons  were  overcome,  Ilengiat  token 
prisooer,  and  put  to  death,  and  peace 
restored  throughout  Britain.  The 
British  chiefs  slain  by  Hengist  had  re- 
ceived Christian  bunol  from  St  Eldad, 
"  not  far  from  Kaercaradauc,  now 
Salisbury  (■'.  e.  Old  Sarum),  in  a  burial 

Elncu  near  the  monastery  of  abbot  Am- 
rius."!  When  A urelius had  triumphed 
over  the  Saxousihedcterroined  to  raise 
over  the  burial  plnce  of  these  British 
chiefs  some  monument  which  should 
last  for  ages,  and,  bj  the  advice  of  his 
counsellors,  he  called  in  the  assistance 
of  the  aoothsnyer  Merlin.  Merlin  told 
him  that  on  a  mountain  in  Ireland, 
called  Killaraus  (supposed  to 
Curragh  of  Kildare),  There  w 
derful    Htruclure   called    the   I 


Dan 


;  (chorea  gigantiimj,  i 


enges 


*  Kyad  Stanl 
ports  fxirtit  sapcrponctE  Tiariniiu.  i 

■  Qunnim  corpora  beatiu  Eldsdn 
hnmavit,  hand  longe  ■  KaerCBradsac, 
«ft  juita  Goenobium  Ambrii  abbstrs,  q 
HUC.  Urg.  Brlt-vi.  IS. 


isgnjtaijiiiia  in  modum  portsrum  elvrutl  funl 
Bc  potest  eicogilare  qua  urte  etevati  sunt, 

posiniodnm  lepilitit,  atque  Cbriatiino  n 
QK  nanc  Salpsbcria  dicitor.  in  ecmctrio  i 
li  oUm  fundstor  jpsins  eiUterel.    Gslfr.  I 


185S.] 


Slonehengt. 


343 


of  atones  of  gruut  inagniluile,  whicb,  if  that  part  of  Gttimnr'ii  metrical  history 

broueht  awity  and  raised  round   the  irhicti  represeoted  GeoRVcy  of  Mon- 

burii3-pUoeof  the  Urititibchiefti,would  mouth  is  lost.     The  next  translator, 

remain  there  for  cTer,     "Thay  are,"  another   Anglo-Norman   poul,  Wace, 

said  Merlin,  "  mystical  stones,  and  of  who  wrote  a  few  years  later,  has  given 

medicinal  virtue.     The  giants  of  old  little  more  than  a  paraphrase  of  Geof- 

bruught  tliem  from  the  furthest  coast  frey's  text.      He  relates  the  same  ac- 

of  Africa,  and  niaced  them  in  Ireland,  count  of  the  massacre  of  the  British 

■  "  :   they   inhabited    that    country.  cbiefE,  except  that  he  says  the ; 


Their  design  in  this  was  to  make  baths 
in  thero  when  they  should  be  taken 
with  any  illness ;  for  their  method  was 
to  wash  the  stones,  and  with  the  water 
bathe  their  sick,  by  which  they  were 
infallibly  cured.  With  the  like  suc- 
cess they  cured  wounds  also,  adding 
only  the  application  of  some  herbs. 
There  is  not  a  stone  there  which  bos 
not  some  healing  virtue. 


the  festival   i 
near  the  abbey  ul 
not  at  the  abbey. 

Eb  grans  plainei  de  Suleeberc, 

Lei  Tdbeie  d'AmhrcBbcre. 

Wace  gives  almost  a  literal  transla- 
tion of  Geoffrey's  account  of  the  expe- 
''"'      "    Ireland,  and  of  the  bringing 


The  Britons  '>^^^^  Giants'  Dance  to  England,  add- 

.«>..„.=«  «  hare  the   stonea ;  ing,  however,  that  this  monument  wm 

pedition   was   sent    out   under  '^^'^^    "■   English    Stonehenge,    and 

Ulher'Tendragon;    there   was   hard  rightly  inte™reting  the  English  word 

^  ,  .■        ,    .  .7=  I  -  I       ,  .    .  HB  meaning  the  "hanging  atones. 


Bntaa 

Apeler  Karole  as  gi 

SlanhflQffDes  ODt  nc 


n  Eoglois, 


fighting,  but  the  Irish,  who  attempted 
to  defend  the  stones,  were  utterly  de- 
feated, and,  by  the  agency  of  Merlin, 
the  stones  were  transported  into  Wilt- 
shire, and  raised  in  their  original  ar- 
rangement over  the  graves  of  the  The  first  English  translator  of  Geof- 
British  chiefs.  We  can  trace  in  this  Irej's  history  was  Layamon,  nn  eccle- 
story  the  existence  of  superstitions  aiastic  who  resided  on  the  banks  of  the 
connected  with  the  stones  which  had  Severn, whoappearstohavebeenportly 
nothing  to  do  with  their  real  history.  contemporary  with  Wai:e,andwhom  we 
GeolTrey  of  Monmouth  has  not  told  may  suppose  to  have  known  of  an;  tra- 
us  directly  thai  this  moDumental  edi-  ditioru  connected  with  Stonehenge  had 
they  existed.  But  Layamon  again  docs 
little  more  than  paraphrase  hie  original. 
He  tells  us,  however,  tbat  the  former 
name  of  the  place  on  which  Stone- 
henge stands  was  ^lenge,  which  is 
somewhat  curious,  as  meaoins  the 
Norman  trouvere  or  poet  Gaimar,  who     place  of  the  siek  or  ailing,  and  mav 


^ 


Stonehenge,  but  the  < 
has  been  supplied  by  his  translators 
and  parnphroaers,  of  whom  there  were 
many  in  the  same  century  in  which  he 
liveif.  The  first  of  these  was  Geof- 
frey's own  contemporary,  the  Anglo- 


wai  pHrticularlT  well  acquainted 
English   legends   and  traditions, 
from  whom   we  tnight  possibly  have 
received  new  light;  but  unfortunately 

aa  me  uclde  tv  »ks  muri 

)«  BCuJewes  ^Icnge, 
nu  batte  hit  Slao-henge. 


ring,"  or  Giants'  Ring,  and  he  relates 
in  lull  the  rehnilding  and  consecration 
of  the  monument  on  Salisbury  Plain, 
when  it  was  named  Stonehenge. 


perhaps  have  reference  t 
tion  then  existing  that  the  uck 
cured  by  these  stones.      He  tel 
that  the  fatal  meeting  was  held 

in  1  plain  that  vu  pleuant 
heaide  Anibreibiiry ; 
the  plice  was  Jilenge, 
it  ii  now  ctUcd  Stonehenge. 

mediately  adopted  by  the  Welsh  bards, 
and  soon  found  a  place  in  their  pseudo- 
ancient  poetry.  It  has  been  received 
even  by  some  modern  writers,  and  it 
is  evidently  from  a  lingering  belief  in 
this  story  that  has  partly  arisen  the 
This  became  the  current  history  of  theory  of  the  election  of  Stonehenge 
Stonehenge  during  the  middle  ages,  at  two  diflerent  periods — an  attempt 
and  was  repeated  over  and  over  again  to  reconcile  the  supposed  citreini 
1  hbtory  and  romance.    It  waa  im-     tiquity  of  tlie  original  monument 


n 


U4 


Wttrs^Rsa^flC  ^  v-dua  siit  v^ari  a.  a^ 
«»  tiul  ^mi.  ^x  sj  4«a  ?«r^  I  vul 
'WU7  vvi^rT-!;  :iuM:  «<&  »?ter^  tcy»n 

^  mr^a  jr&tan  <;/  smcatj  v.  aucw  ^  :a 

</  SinuUft^^ — h  wm  %  ujitmiM* 
MMfto/MTKri.  *:fMi0:0swiM  vLIdsi  n</  one 
fciMnr  wb//  ^AiJt  it  fM  hfim  it  vm  baih. 

ki^^t,  vbi^  Kiftd  niMii  oat  of  tike 
iJiXt^  'A  ^'»*^MrKj  fA  M/>nflbOBtJk.    It 

is  f«rf//rt^l,  iri  tl^i^  r<n;pk  'Alitstirj  VIIL 
'^«r«  ifivrri^^  UM'^  of  t4b  vithia  iu 
fffttfAWii*.  '\  hu  wa«  |^erf<Aff«  Another 
f*)fl«;  '/^  ^U^%t'\t^»y>tz ',  \fUX.  it  t^0[^AT% 
tit/ff".  f'Mri^'iu  th;fct  w.thin  a  ^jsentory  of 
tl»f«   \fr«d^At^\  'J'V://ir<rrjr  «rttU'rrjauioAl 

hUh**'M  «  hktirt;  0,i  Wiltshire,  a*<"jr<s<i 
ti4  th«t  in  M;20  thf;  i>iU:\/r7kUsf\  l>uke 
«4  lUirkUtighsim^  Kiu*/  Atktu*^\  faTOur- 
h*i  "'Ji'l  oaij«^  th';  rni'J'Jl«;  of  St/^ne- 
l*«fif(«!  to  U;  tUffiit'Af  And  tkii  und'.'r- 
*lif(*/tttf(  WDM  Ui<;  rAij<K:  of  the  falling 
Wown  or  ntf.uui^fHut'.U:  of  the  ^freat 
«t/>n<r  th<;r<?.**  He  i/ro(>ahlT  rneanit  the 
fipriKht  of  out',  iif  the  tnlitti<t,  which  Ls 
«till  iiiiii(ain<:'l  in  &  leaning  [K/Mition, 
anfj  n|»fKrar*i  with  it*  tenon  on  the  Ujp 
in  our  Mk<?U:h  of  the  interior.  Auhrcj 
iitfnnun  un  that  in  the  amr^i  of  thete 
ifxruvution*  there  waM  found  **  a  great 
inan^r  horn«  of  KtagH  and  oxen,  char- 
noal,  hutUrr'^laiihf.'M,  bea^lfl  of  arrows, 
iwiifie  pier-e^  of  armour  <*at4;n  out  with 
ru«t,  and  rott«'n  Ixineii.''  What  Au- 
hr*'y  nif'ant  hy  the  niy^terious  name  of 
**  hatU'r-du^hi'^  *'  Hp[M'ar9  very  doubt* 
ful,  and  the  oth<*r  urtich;fl  an  he  dc- 
Hcrilnrn  thfni  throw  very  little  light  on 
tliu  matter.  We  cannot  gucMH  much 
liiuri)  from  thea**n4:rtiun  uf  inigu  Junes, 
2 


'if  W^  jflii  'jtdlFt  lit 

Je  jfWibfiH  3ac  "sent  x  w  iuul 

?r«v«  'mk  ae  fOBisBiuig  v>97  riifiiiiiiir 

tritrrmtnri  {£  air  JTViiT't  I^ol^ 


c< 


rjt   ^ttts  aoii  c< 

Wr    baned 
JIu  bcsn  CM 

c/  tbe 
Dr. 

«  b..  sbe  altjET. 
c*e  if^A  tuub  to  jciiiii 
Aoi^ib  aido  da;  aVios  sa^ 
lA  the  depth  Of  BeAri J  «b 
fuaxA  thit  chalk  kjd 
that  de|>th :  aai.  at  the  depck  ^ 
ieet,  be  foaikd  loi&e  B«jaaa  pc 
and  at  the  depth  ot  sx  £e£t 
of  Sanen  •tr.Aeii,  three  &:a^ 
eoane  half-baked  pottery,  aai 
eharred  wt^AT  "  in  liijigiB^  into  sa« 
ditch  that  tarround*  the  area.  3ir.  C 
nin^ujo  found  ftimilar  ncmnasu  ot 
ti^joitj :  and  io  the  wag,ioa-trkck&  ncar 
Stonebenge,  von  frequeotlj  meet  with 
chippings  of  the  ^tooes  ot'  which  the 
temple  (i.e.  Stooehenge)  was  coo- 
stroct^L  iiffon  after  the  tall  vf  the 
great  tnliihoo  io  1797,  Mr.  Conning- 
iitn  dug  out  some  of  the  earth  thai  h^i 
fallen  mto  the  excavation,  and  found  a 
fragment  of  fine  black  Roman  potterr* 
ao^l  hi  nee  that  another  piece  in  the  ^ame 
spot ;  but  I  have  no  idea  that  this  pot- 
tery ever  lay  Ijeoeath  the  ^tooes,  but 
probably  in  the  earth  adjoining  the 
trilithon,  and,  aAer  the  downfall  of  the 
latter,  it  fell  with  the  mouldering  earth 
into  the  excavation."  If  the  circum- 
stance of  the»e  diik^veries  has  any 
weight,  it  would  incline  m  to  ascribe 
the  erection  of  Stouebenge  to  the  ear- 
lier part  of  the  Uoman  [>eriod,  perhaps 
to  Uiat  r>eriod  while  the  British  princes 
were  allowed  a  nominal  inde|>endence. 
It  is  worthy  of  remark,  that  iu  the  val- 
ley below  Stonehcngc,  al>out  half  a  mile 
to  the  north-east,  is  a  trarrt  of  ground 
about  three  hundred  and  thirty  feet 
broad,  aud  a  mile  aud  a  half  long,  run- 


IB53] 


Mr.  St.  John's  Tour  in  Search  of  Beauty. 


34S1 


'  ning  rrom  eut  to  west,  bounded  od 
eai;h  side  b;  pnrallel  banks  and  ditches, 
with  &  mound  strelching  noross  its 
Oistern  cxtremitj.  This  bos  been  called 
a  evrtiu,  and  supposed  lo  hare  been 
a  course  for  chariot  or  horse  raceB, 
formed  b;  the  Romans,  or  b;  some 

I  ^>eopIe  who  imitated  their  manners. 
At  the  time  of  the  Ditke  of  Buck- 
ingham's excaTationa,  circumstances 
appear  to  have  called  more  than  usual 
attention  to  Stonebenge.  Inigo  Jones, 
the  celebrated  architect,  first  made  it 
the  subject  of  a  book ;  his  notion  was 
that  it  was  a  Homan  temple  of  the 
Tuscan  order,  dedicated  to  Cslus. 
Other  writers  followed,wh(iattributedit 
U>  different  peoples,  Phicnicians,  Bri- 
tons, Saxons,  or  Danes.  One  of  these 
writers,  in  compnralifelj  recent  tames, 
fancied  that  it  was  built  before  the 
delu^.  The  sanguine  but  not  alwnvs 
judicious  antiquary  Stukeley  publish- 
ed a  lart;e  dissertation  in  folio  on  Stoiie- 
henxein  1740,  full  ofrague  and  rather 
wild  speculations;  he  set  it  down  for 
a  temple  of  the  British  Druids.  Some 
subsequent  writers  have  gone  still  more 
wild  on  the  subject,  ami  have  broached 
strange  notions  of  its  having  been 
erected  by  the  Druids  ss  an  astruno- 
niical  obserratorj.  All  this  only  shews 
us  the  dan^r  of  speculating  too  far 
on  such  subjects  when  we  hare  nothing 
but  ima^nation  for  our  guide.  The 
two  opinions  irhich  really  rest  on  any 
thing  like  sober  judgment  are,  that  it 
was  a  sepulchral  monument  or  a  temple 
for  worship,  and  ixith  are  in  some  mea- 
sure supported  by  preconceived  biases. 
The  oldest  traditions,  as  we  have  seen, 
make  it  amonument  for  the  dead ;  but 
this  notion  arose  probably  from  the 
numerous  tumuli  which  surround  it, 


for  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  it  standr 
in  the  midst  of  a  vast  cemetery.     On 

the  other  band,  those  who  take  it  for  a  - 
temple  seem  to  be  led  a  little  by  the 
pre-existing  notions  of  a  church  iu  the 
middle  of  a  burial  ground.  I  am  not 
aware  that  ne  have  any  reason  for  be- 
lieving  that  any  of  the  ancient  races  in 
our  i^and  were  accustomed  to  bury 
their  dead  round  their  temples ;  or  to 
choose  for  the  site  of  their  temples  so 
wild  a  situation  as  this.  There  are 
difficulties  in  both  suppositions,  which 
we  cannot  satisfactorily  overcome  for 
want  of  knowledge,  and  for  that  reason 
it  must  always  remain  a  doubtful  ques- 
tion. Let  us  not  waste  in  the  pursuit 
of  a  shadow  that  time  and  learning 
which  might  be  employed  on  more 
promising  labours. 

We  must  indeed,  we  fear,  leave  this 
monument  involved  in  the  mystery 
which  perhaps  constitutes,  in  the  eyes 
of  most  visitors,  its  peculiar  cliann. 
An  hour  or  two  may  be  pleasantly 
spent  in  contemplating  the  grey  moul- 
dering relics  of  the  labours  of  people 
whose  history  is  lost  in  the  obscurity 
of  ages.  The  fine  bracing  a^r  of  these 
downs  on  a  day  of  summer  or  autumn 
proiluces  an  exhilirating  effect  on  the 
spirits  which  none  cnn  understand  who 
have  not  experienced  It;  and,  independ- 
ently of  the  interest  of  the  scene,  this 
will  fully  repay  the  drive,  or  ride,  or 
even  walk,  from  Salisbury,  from  whence 
it  is  distant  somewhat  less  than  eight 
miles.  When  the  wanderer  leaves  the 
wild  downs,  he  will  be  pleased  to  con- 
lcmpla(£  once  more  the  picturesque 
valley  of  the  Avon,  the  deserted  forti- 
fications of  Old  Sarum,  and  to  reach 
again  his  temporary  home  in  its  modern 
representative. 


4 


THE  TOUR  OF  JAMES  AUGUSTUS  ST.  JOHN  IN  SEARCH  OF  BEAUTY. 

returned, — all  these  things  were  meiri- 
cally  told  In  a  book  of  deliciously  simple 
doggrel,  n  domestic  Odyssey  right 
worthy  of  its  bright  immortality. 

Syntax  took  the  "  Rcturesque ;" 
Burke  addressed  himself  to  the  "Hub- 
lime  and  Beautiful ;"  Mr.  Augustus  St. 
John,  whose  name  is  pleasantly  familiar 
to  a  portion  of  the  reading  world,  has, 
for  want  of  other  occupation,  under- 
taken a  journey  "There  and  Bock  Again 


ind  venerabk 
friend,  the  Reverend  Doctor  Syntax, 
undertook  his  never-to-be-forgotten 
Tour  in  Search  of  the  Fiehiresque.  How 
be  achieved  that  at  which  he  aimed, — 
the  perils  he  ran,  the  temptations  he 
surmounted,  the  costume  in  which  he 
did  it,  the  steed  which  he  bestrode, 
and,  above  all,  the  wife  to  whom  the 


346 


Mr.  St.  John*9  Tour  in  Search  of  Beauty, 


[Oct. 


in  Search  of  Beauty  ;**  and  it  is  our 
mission  to  show  whither  he  went,  how 
he  looked,  his  method  of  research,  and 
the  amount  of  his  success. 

The  author  first  appears  before  his 
readers  moustachioed  like  a  "mous- 
qnetaire,**  and  bearded  like  the  pard. 
He  enters  on  the  stage  attircKl  as 
theatricallj  as  ^  Addrich  im  Moos*^  in 
2«schokke*8  stirring  romance, "  Knebel- 
und  Zwickelbart  an  Kinn  und  Ober- 
lippe — ^alles  gab  ihm  ein  heldenartiges 
und  doch  gefalliges  Ansehen.**  Ae 
seeker  afler  beauty  is  somewhat  proud 
of  his  looks,  and  often  alludes  to  his 
being  bearded  to  his  heart's  content. 
On  one  occasion,  however,  he  intimates 
a  suspicion  that  he  maj  have  had  the 
air  of  a  bandit ;  on  another  he  pro- 
nounces that  he  must  have  looked  like 
"  a  Guy.**  He,  of  course,  knows  best, 
and  it  is  not  for  us  to  dispute  a  judg- 
ment so  deliberately  formed. 

Mr.  St.  John,  bidding  farewell  to 
his  household  gods  in  Switzerland, 
commences  his  voyage  of  discovery 
with  an  '*  afler  all.  He  has  had  no 
incident  to  tell,  no  difficulty  of  choice 
in  any  way  to  perplex  him,  and  yet,  in 
his  fourth  page,  he  says :  **  afler  all, 
there  is  no  combination  of  earth,  wood, 
and  water,  which  can  claim  to  be  re- 
garded half  so  beautiful  as  a  beautiful 
woman."  The  maxim  would  have 
horrified  Ximenes,  who,  as  Quincagenas 
tells  us,  **  looked  on  every  woman  as  a 
devil,  let  her  be  never  so  holy  I"  But 
we  will  not  dispute  our  English 
author*s  conclusion,  though  we  may 
intimate  that  his  dictum  is  not  the 
only  one  authoritatively  ushered  in 
with  an  "  afler  all."  The  nilgjim  tra- 
vels on  towards  Italy,  and  having  duly 
reconled  that  "  the  most  glorious  of  all 
visible  created  things"  is  lightning, 
and  that  all  the  world  over  the  dawn 
of  morning  is  beautiful,  he  turns  his 
fkce  against  nature  and  towards  an  inn, 
with  the  assurance  that  there  is  **  after 
ally  nothing  like  a  breakfast-table  be- 
fore a  iourney."  The  stomach  ap- 
peased, however,  leaves  the  mind  to 
receive  more  freely  impressions  from 
without,  and  our  author  admits  the 
pitiful  smallness  of  human  dealings  in 
presence  of  the  mountains  and  their 
everlasting  grandeur.  He  now  pursues 
his  way,  rant  and  inspired  with  the 
brilliancy  of  earth  and  sky,  and  now 
and  then  indulging  in  ultra-republican 


comments  which  seem  singularly  out 
of  tune  with  the  harmonies  which 
nature  is  playing  in  full  orchestra 
about  him.  These  contrasts  are  con- 
tinually recurring  in  this  record  of  the 
palmer  travelling  to  the  shrine  of 
Beauty.  **  At  length,"  he  says,  "  we 
reached  the  top  of  the  Pass,  and  saw* 
the  streams  tnm  their  back  upon 
Switzerland,  and  roll  their  sparkling 
waters  against  the  morning  sun  to- 
wards Italy."  Here  is  the  first  dash- 
ing in  of  a  glorious  picture ;  but  the 
artist  is  as  uncertain  as  Lantara,  who 
would  leave  the  counterfeit  present- 
ment of  the  Queen  of  Beauty  herself 
for  the  wine  and  the  pleasures  of  Ram- 
ponneau.  So  Mr.  St.  John,  immedi- 
ately afler  afibrdin^  us  a  glimpse  of 
the  morning  sun  of  Italy,  chdis  all  our 
expectant  enthusiasm  by  adding  that 
he  and  his  chance  fellow-travellers 
^  stopped  awhile  at  the  village  of  the 
Simplon  to  change  horses,  </rtiiA  brandy" 
and'Waier^  and  imnke  a  cigar ^^  Oh,  son 
of  Anadyomene,  what  a  worshipper 
was  this  of  thy  incomparable  mother  ! 
The  result  of  the  Simplon  proceedings 
may  perhaps  be  traced  in  the  way- 
farer's subsequent  declaration  that 
**  nothing  so  speedily  palls  upon  the 
appetite  as  magnificent  scenery." 
**Lrong  before  we  reached  Duomo 
d*Ossola,  I  was  sick,"  he  says,  not  of 
aqua  vitte  and  cigars,  but  "^  of  the  Alps. 
— I  have  a  powerful  sympathy,"  he 
adds,  **  with  the  grand  m  nature,  but 
have  still  greater  love  of  variety."  He 
accordincly  hails,  with  satisfaction,  the 
first  view  of  Lago  Mag^iore,  on  whose 
bosom  he  detects  reclinmg  "  beauty  of 
the  soflest  kind,"  worth  all  the  savage 
grandeur  with  which  he  had  previously 
been  rapt  and  inspired.  It  is  to 
"beauty  of  the  soflest  kind"  that  he 
now  pays  most  undivided  worship,  and 
he  is  captivated  by  the  sofl  looks  of  an 
Italian  donzella,  whose  "  eyes  were  of 
that  amethystine  blue,  which  is  of  all 
colours  the  most  beautiful.*'  By  the 
side  of  Carlotta  he  kneels  at  a  choral 
mass,  describes  the  incident  as  "  a  mo- 
ment of  more  than  earthly  pleasure," 
and  soon  afler  we  find  him  setting 
down  in  his  diary  that  **  few  things  arc 
more  melancholy  than  music,  none  so 
melancholy  as  love,  which  is  in  fact 
nothing  but  the  consciousness  of  a  de- 
sire never  to  be  wholly  gratified  here 
below.    Love  is  the  -vMaMMnqr  of  the 


1853.] 


Mr.  St.  Jvhns  Tour  in  Search  o/B»auty. 


will  Bfter  the  biututiful,  nlijch  ia  but 
aoottier  exprewion  liir  the  iufinite." 
Wlut  iiifinite  Qur  nmiable  tuurist  does 
not  inform  ue,  but  he  suan  aller  speaks 
more  di^tinctlj  upon  this  particular 
subject  by  stating  that  he  experiences 
"no  smuU  (legruc  of  eujnjntcnt  from 
Iravelliog  in  sn  express  trail)  through 
a  lone  dark  luniiul,  which  Buggi^t«  to 
una  the  idea  of  rushing  wilill/  through 
the  infinite  void."  In  contrast  with 
this  we  tuny  pliice  the  account  of  the 
■uthor'a  entry  into  Nove.  The  only 
incident  connected  with  the  beautiful 
wliiuh  there  struck  him  wru  that  lie 
"could  hear  through  the  open  win- 
dows the  rocking  of  cradles,  and  the 
sweetest  lullabies  sung  over  bitlf-sleep- 
ing  iiiliiDts."  That  these  were  onig 
hulf-sleeping  was  but  natural;  a  whole 
town  rocking  its  cradles  inust  have 
beeti  H  sight  vorth  tratelllng  to  see; 
but  the  lact  itself  must  have  been  as 
anIsgonisUc  to  sleep  as  auything  ever 
done  or  thought  of  by  the  truculent 
Ikane  of  Glauiis  and  of  Cawdor. 

Mr.  St.  John  DOW  gets  umid  the 
scenery  of  the  Apennines,  admires  the 
beauty  of  the  dawn  of  morniiig  which 
he  there  beheld,  and  regrets  that  he 
has  not  the  pen  of  Spenser,  whose 

beautiful,  fresh,and  cool,  like  the  lovely 
hour  they  describe."  Corlotta  is  en- 
tth«nt«d  al  the  sight,  and  hn  with  Car- 
lotta.  "  What  infinite  beauty  I"  she 
exclaims.  *'  Tell  me,  tell  mc,  is  earth 
not  a  paratlise?"  "  Your  sex  would 
make  it  so,"  says  the  worahipper  of 
Venus,  "  if  it  bad  nothing  but  one  bnr- 
reu  itioor  stretching  interminablyround 
its  whole  circumference  1"  This  is 
gallant  talk,  but  perilous  withal.  We 
shuuld  tremble,  did  we  not  remember 
that  Syntax  was  as  daring,  and  yet 
returned  to  his  Penelope  at  the  vicar- 
age, mu  peur  el  aaia  reprocha.  Su, 
had  Dii^DCS  been  looking  through 
i\ic  Apcnniriifs  for  nn  honest  man,  the 

tihiloBopher  might  have  blown  out  his 
amp  ullcr  taking  the  arm  of  Iklr.  St. 
John.  The  mountains  were  beautiful, 
and  Corlutta  was  more  beautiful  still; 
but  there  was  siimelhing  more  potent 
than  either  which  powerfully  inllu- 
enced  both,  anil  that  was  the  mountain 
air,  which  struck  them  with  vulgar 
bunger,  and  lent  a  beauty,  which  the 
*  or  is  never  sluw  to  ni.'kiluw ledge, 
•Wla,  batter,  nJorifuruus  oollue, 
*l  cigar. 


These  despatched,  thei 
more  ceases  to  bo  epici 
voyager  having,  in  the 
pleasant  process  of  digest!  ,  _ 
his  conviction  that  "  wherever  tho 
empire  of  Christianity  extends  there  is 
a  peculiar  beauty  about  the  Sunday, ' 
he  proceeds  "  with  the  Dalmatian  am] 
Milanese  to  see  the  village."  In  the 
course  of  this  appropriately  religious 
pursuit,  the  trio  met  a  lady  "  who 
moved  like  a  celestial  vision  up  the 
hill."  Mr.  St.  John  asserts  that  never 
since,  or  before,  has  he  seen  beauty  so 
jjerfect.  He  quilted  his  companions, 
and  followed  the  celestial  vision,  at  a 
<listance,  to  the  churuh.  And  thereon 
ensues  a  confussiun,  of  which  wi 
say  nothing  uiure,  than  that,  wi 
was  the  lot  of  that  nicked  Mr.  I'epys 
to  moke  the  like,  he  invariably  re- 
corded the  some  in  a  short-band  which 
at  once  rendered  harmless  and  defied 
the  jealousy  of  Mr.  Pepjs's  consort. 
"  I  paid  no  attention  to  the  words  «f(' 
the  mass — my  eyes  were  fixed  on  hef  Ij ' 
and  this  1  trust  was  pardonable,  ai 
could  never  again  hope  to  see  anything 
so  beautiful  among  God's  creatures.  I 
lelt  that  it  was  good  for  me  to  be 
there ;  and  ever  since,  sleeping  or 
wahing-y  the  image  of  tliat  face  beams 
at  times  upon  my  fancy,  refreshing 
and  invigorating  tt." 

Now,  then,  one  would  Lave  supposed 
that  tlie  tnission  of  the  seeker  after 
beauty  would  have  terminated.  Not 
BO.  The  object  of  the  pilgrim  was  of 
wider  range.  He  loft  the  firm-set 
earth  and  tempted  the  stormy  waves 
in  further  search  of  other  illualrations 
of  that  which  to  seek  was  to  worship. 
He  discusses  metaphysics  with  a  fair 
sentimentalist  who  has  seen  a  ghost, 
has  a  rooted  conviction  of  her  ap- 
proaching death,  and  who,  in  the  mean 
time,  "plays  her  part  well"  with  her 
fellow- voyager  at  the  very  lively  game 
of  cold  fowls  and  bottled  stout! 

The  author  of  one  of  the  many  trea- 
tises on  French  cookery  affirms  th.it 
there  is  no  comjiound  in  the  world  so 
unutterably  odious  as  brown  sugar  and 
oysters.  Ur.  St.  Juhn,  at  Pisa,  spealf^ 
innocently  of  another,  which,  in  imp 
judgment,  can  only  be  next  in  odious  | 
iiess.  "Before  going  to  the  Campa 
Snnto,  we  judged  it  prudent  to  fortify 
ourselves  with  rolls,  butter,  eggs,  fowls, 
liuiugiux  tnuMget,  and  cigar*  I "  Allcr 
Musagea  ind  cigaiSt  the  pilgrim  wid 


4 


Mr.  St.  John'M  Tour  m  Starch  of  Beauty. 


346 

lu'«  party  proceeded  to  visit  the  ancient 
cemeterr,  and,  though  thejr  went  on 
their  waj  "  chatting  and  laughing,"  it 
is  cteftr  that  the  nuture  or  chopped 
meat  and  tobacco  rendered  the  pilgrii 


than  his  voice,  penotratiug  through 
rolls,  butter,  eaga,  sauaagcs,  and  cigar- 
smoke,  majeslicali J  proDounceB  the  in- 
oontroverlibic  [ruth  thnt,  "  there  Is 
DOtliing  BO  sublime,  there  arc  few  things 
so  beautiful,  as  death!"  Showers,  in- 
deed, as  he  remarks  in  aoolher  place, 
M«  beautiful  and  poetical  evervwhere, 
but  "  there  is  nothing  so  sumime  as 
death."  The  author  accordingi J  placed 
himself  soon  after  in  close  connection 
with  the  sublime  deatrojer,  and  had 
well  nigh  illustrated  the  beautiful  ef- 
fects of  what  that  spirit  can  do,  by 
crossing  the  Mediterranean  in  a  storm, 
which  IS  woTd-puIntod  with  much  pic- 
torial power.  He  landed  lafel;  in 
Greece,  with  whose  literature,  poetrj, 
popular  eloquence,  matchless  hislorj, 
philosophy,  and  arts,  he  describes  him- 
selr,  with  more  cmphnsis  than  elegance, 
OS  being  "  drenched  1"  The  sky,  he 
admits,  was  beautiful,  but  not  ho  beau- 
tiful as  he  "could  have  wished!"  This 
was  unfortunate  t  But  then  "  the  first 
syren-look  of  the  half-liibulous  land  of 
nellns  literally  intoxicated"  him  with 
its  beauty,  llius  he  is  onc^  again  on 
the  track  of  the  great  object  of  his 
search :  we  have  our  misgivings,  how- 
ever, for,  says  the  piljjrim,  "  I  am  short- 
sighted, to  which  circumstance,  per- 
haps, 1  owe  half  the  ideal  beauty  and 
^ndeur  which  the  earth  ofWn  assumes 
m  my  eyes."  This  little  "hitch"  in 
the  evidence  is,  however,  set  right  by 
a  strong- visioned  and  far-sigh  tedTurk : 
"  If  Paradise,"  says  the  infidel,  "  be 
more  beautiful  than  this,  we  shall  be 
loo — too  happy."  Our  countryman 
thereupon  was  satisfied,  and,  lurnins 
uway  Irom  the  picturesque,  aildressed 
himself  to  the  acknowledged  bunineas 
of  the  day— dinner.  Thialie  does  with 
such  alacrity  that  bcr«iniuds  us  of  the 
sentimental  lady  who  charmed  Words- 
north's  daughter  with  the  assurance 
that  she  heed  wood-pigeons — in  a  pie, 
baked!  So,  in  eunny  Hell&!i,  the  ser- 
vant of  Beauty  snt  down  dcltehi«dly 
to  scalding  hot  «>up,  roast  pork,  ditto 
fowls,  and  "excellent  potatoes."  "Our 
nc,"  Buys  be,  "was  from  Crete,  and 
-" »  to  it  libWitll?  ( " 


[Oct, 


tlood'a  celebrated  poem,  detailing  the 
rcminiscenceB  of  an  epicurean  lover, 
has  no  more  startling  mixture  of  sen- 
timent and  suppers,  feelings  and  fri- 
cassees, touched  hearts  and  huogry 
stomachs,  than  is  to  be  found  Kttnin 
the  volumes  recording  the  journey  of 
bim  who  went  in  search  ol' Beauty,  and 
who  often  found  it  in  dumpling.  We 
have  an  exemplification  of  this  wb«n 
he  is  again  afloat.  He  ascends  to  the 
deck  to  contemplate  "  one  of  the  moat 
beautiful  sights  in  the  world,"  —  the 
sun  rising  behind  the  island  of  Creto> 
We  may  quote  the  author's  description 
of  this  spectacle,  as  a  &vourable  ex- 
SDipIc  i>f  his  powers.  The  latter  are 
greater  in  narrative  than  in  sentiment 
or  Bjieculation.  We  have  heard  of 
"pibng  the  agony"  to  make  it  tell,  but 
Mr-  St.  John  piles  fine  feelings  in  ar- 
tificial phrases,  till  we  no  more  believe 
in  their  reality  than  we  do  in  the  odour 
of  Monsieur  Constantine's  simulative 
wreaths.  They  are  not  unlike  nature, 
are  in  themselves  prettily  put  together, 
but  they  lack  vitality, — a  natural  rose 
with  its  rich  perfume  were  worth  n 
wilderness  of  such  gorgeous  phantoms. 
Bat   to  "  one  of  the   most   beautiful 


A  large  portion  cr  the  wratern  eitremily 
ot  the  iiland  Uf  before  ub  enielopeJ  in 
■hadoir.  The  Bummtts  oF  the  white  moun- 
lains  were  bordered  from  end  to  end  with 
■  frings  of  light,  anything  lilie  which  I 
ha>e  noTcr  (em  in  my  life  but  once,  and 
that  wu  afternaraa  at  Thrbcs,  nhen  the 
■an  at  iti  riic  gave  the  Arabian  mountun*, 
behind  Caraac,  a  similar  luminous  Bpp«r- 
snce.  Id  the  case  of  the  Cretan  Alps 
there  was  infinitely  mare  of  T«al  grandeur, 
for  their  apiaea  were  lofty,  and  appeared 
to  cleaie  the  firmament.  Every  instant 
the  oolour  of  the  bright  sky  was  changed 
from  whitB  to  saffron  :  from  saffron  to 
gold  ;  from  gold  to  purple  sod  amethyit, 
whicti  played  and  glitlereJ  along  the  roeka 
like  a  magical  deluifon.  The  pieciplen 
came  sheer  down  many  thouiand  feet  to- 
wards  the  Bea.  where  tbey  termioiled  in 
deaiie  foruls,  citending  to  the  water's 
edge.  Uero  and  there  we  L-ould  diafern 
breatiB  and  gajii,  sliowlng  the  cerulean  sky 
beyond,  while  no  iign  of  town  or  city,  or 
human  habitation  of  any  kind,  occurred  to 
dissipate  the  idea  that  we  w«re  now  look- 
ing Qpoo  the  fsbnloui  credle  of  Zeus,  in- 
habited only  by  gods,  or  the  recollection 
of  gods.  Presenlly,  the  ton  shot  a*  it 
were  with  a  biiui  "      '  ""' 

•nd  ill  in  ai 


1853.] 


Mr.  St.  John- 


dlispBled  every  illuiion,  ind  reduced  Crete 
to  the  coDdition  of  >  common  iiUnd,  made 
of  atone  and  eulli ,  ia  thu  Muditerrancnn. 
Our  dream  bEing  aier,  we  deaceniled  to 
breakfut. 

Shortly  after  this  n^ctacle  anil  tlie 
Rieal  which  foUuwral  it,  our  tniTeller 
laadetl  in  Egjpt,  where  he  Bujourneil 
some  three-quarters  of  a  year,  the  in- 
cidents of  which  be  tells  in  less  thna 
ai  nuuij  pngei,  in  trhiub  there  is  as 
little  mentinn  of  the  aoughc-njler  ab- 
atractioDof  Benuljas  if  thu  seeker  had 
fallen  among  the  priests  of  Elcusis,  and 
had  been  sworn  to  secrecy  toucbin);  all 
he  had  seen.  Eppt  forma  the  There 
nf  the  author's  book.  Alt  that  ano- 
ceeda  has  reference  to  his  chase  ader 
Beautj,  in  the  Sack  Again ! 

The  author  avoirs,  indeed,  that  had 
he  but  had  his  fuinily  with  him  he  could 
hnve  lived  in  Egypt  for  ever.  The 
spot  there  which  be  reioenibers  with 
most  pleasure  is  a  little  sandj  island 
in  the  Nile,  "where  he  used  to  cline, 
amoke,  and  recline  at  full  length  on 
the  warm,  yellow  sand."  Air.  St.  John 
does  not  say  a  word  more  touching  the 
end  and  aim  of  his  visit ;  we  only  know 
that  be  lefl  the  ancient  land  with  five 
heavy  trunks,  and  a  bald  head,  which 
he  describes,  without  much  regard  to 
the  beautiful,  as  looking  like  a  "  but- 
tered turnip."  Oo  bis  homeward  jour- 
ney the  voyager  seems  to  care  much 
less  lor  beauty  than  on  his  way  out. 
Ue  does,  indeed,  passingly  allude  to 
^e  inedablo  beauty  of  sea  and  sky  : 
discerns  struggles  between  all  the  ele- 
ments of  that  some  beauty  going  on  in 
the  air;  and  is  warmed  into  enthusiasm 
at  sieht  of  the  British  man-of-war,  the 
St.  Vincent,  proudly  rolling  before  the 
breeze  into  the  harbour  of  Valetta, 
firing  the  while  a  funeral  salute  in  ho- 
nour of  the  dead  body  of  the  governor, 
then  lying  ashore.  "  It  is  }K.-rmitted 
to  every  man,"  says  the  author,  "to 
be  pruud  of  hie  country,  aud  1  never 
was  prouder  of  mine  tbiin  at  that  mo- 
ment, meeting,  as  I  then  did,  one  of 
the  mighty  symbols  of  her  power,  car- 
rying laws  to  the  aouthernmost  point 
of  Europe."  This  sort  of  pride  is  in- 
deed legitimate  enough ;  but  we  can- 
not forget  thut  the  author  gave  utter- 
ance to  expreuions  quite  us  warm  on 
mee^ng  a  French  force  in  Greece,  and 
heanng  one  of  the  men  humming  that 
" HarseDlaiae,"  to  the  lune  of  which 
'^republicans  of  France  (whom  Mr. 


There  is  a  good  deal  of  book-making 
in  the  spasmodic  uOurls  which  are  met 
with  after  this  to  describe  four  things, 
of  which  BO  to  write  the  author  pro- 
fesses himself  never  to  be  weary.  Inese 
are  "  the  Beauty  of  infancy,  the  Beauty 
of  womanhood,  the  Beauty  of  lightning, 
and  the  Beauty  of  the  dawn."  We  are 
inclined,  moreover,  to  believe  that  he 
holds  all  moons  save  those  he  has  gazed 
at  abroad  as  a  sort  of  imposture.  We 
cannot  admit  of  this.  We  do  not  ima- 
gine that  there  is  anything  in  that  line 
which  can  exceed  in  "beauty  an  Knglish 
night,withArteroiBrulintt,in  themunlhl 
of  September.  With  wlut  a  burst  oT 
fiery  beauty  does  she  rise  from  out  the 
ocean  I  How  splendid  is  the  brief 
momentwherein  she  seems  to  pause,  OS  if 
uncertslnwbethcr  to  take  her  way  along 
the  surface  of  the  deep,  or  ascend  in 
silvery  glorjabove  the  world  of  waters! 
Is  she  not  a  thing  of  especial  beauty 
as  she  floats  calmly  on,  now  full  and 
bright,  now  thinly  veiled  like  a  bride, 
and  now  distinguishable  through  deep 
opcninns  in  the  clouds,  enthroned  like 
some  fairy  in  a  lustrous  cave  ?  Even 
when  obscured  to  u,  a  distant  gleam 
upon  the  waters  tells  of  the  glory  thai 
is  beyond ;  and,  as  she  approaches  the 
skirts  of  the  bank  nf  clouils,  the  gra- 
dually increasing  lloodof  light  harbin- 
gers the  more  brilliant  presence  that 
IS  at  hand.  Before  her  face  gloom 
dissolves,  and  the  very  clouds  melt  into 
transparent  figures  that  seem  winging 
their  way  to  every  quarter  of  the  hea- 
vens,— couriers  of  the  air,  speeding  on 
their  pathless  course  to  do  the  gentle 
bidding  of  their  sovereign  lady.  Our 
native  moon,say  we,  against  any  foreign 
lady  of  that  same  family. 

On  his  way  homewanl  our  travelled 
pilgrim  instructs  u  naval  captain  in  the 
science  of  sailing,  corrects  tlie  transla- 
tors of  St.  Paul,  admonishes  society 
and  individuals,  flings  mud  at  kings, 
deifies  republics  (particuliirt^  those 
medieval  commonwealths  which  self- 
ishly immolated  liberty),  submits  a 
confession  of  faith  for  the  ncceptstiov 
of  the  world,  stumbles  over  a  leash  d 
most  awkward  and  obstinate  aimile^^ 
and  finally  discovers  himself  seated  in 
ecstacy  before  a  picture  of  the  chaste 
Susanna,  in  which  he  sees  a  portrait  of 
the  ilidcis  uxor  at  home. 

At  that  home  he  finally  arrives,  with- 


t 


850 


Mr.  St.  Johns  Tow  in  Search  of  Beauty, 


[Oct. 


** 


t» 


out  obstruction ;  but  the  returned  tra- 
veller as  he  crosses  his  own  threshold 
in  happy  confidence  shuts  the  door  in 
our  face,  and  leaves  us  on  the  highway 
wondering  what  is  meant  after  all  by 
the  Search  alU'r  Heauty,  what  were  its 
uses,  and  whether  he  found  it  "There  ' 
and  brought  it  with  him  "Back  Again 
or  not.  In  the  absence  of  such  en- 
lightenment we  turn  carefully  over 
the  narrative  of  the  voyage  to  discover 
if  possible  why  the  modern  man  of  sen- 
timent lefY  the  domestic  circle  in  which 
he  was  at  once  revered  high-priest  and 
divinity  belovcii,  to  go  cantenng  about 
Europe  and  into  Africa  in  search  of 
beauty  above  all  other  things.  While 
thus  engaged,  we  confess  to  having 
been  struck  with  the  following  passage : 

The  raost  terrible  of  Asiatic  plagues  was 
threatening  Switxerland  at  my  drparture. 
Had  it  been  in  my  house  ?  had  it  rendered 
my  hearth  desolate  ?  These  were  the  ter- 
rible questions  I  put  to  myself  iucessantly, 
as  with  straininf^  eyes  I  looked  during  a 
calm  over  the  »hip*s  bows,  towards  Malta, 
which  then  seemed  in  my  mind  fully  to 
merit  the  epithets,  Khanina^  and  fior  del 
momdo. 

The  accomplished  writer  of  this  pas- 
sage almost  reproaches  his  parents  that 
they  had  not,  if  unendowed  by  nature, 
at  least  educated  him  into  Stoicism. 
He  shows,  we  think,  some  unfilial  in- 
gratitude therein.  He  who  has  the 
courage  to  go  looking  abroad  after 
beauty,  while  all  those  whom  he  loves 
at  home  are  left  sitting  in  a  circle  over 
which  cholera  is  menacingly  staring  at 
thorn,  certainly  does  not  lack  the  very 
essence  of  the  philosophy  of  the  Porch. 
We  may  look  with  something  of  sus- 
picion at  his  seiitinwntalityy  too  of\en 
asserted,  but  we  are  not  authorised  to 
throw  a  shadow  of  doubt  u[K)u  his  un- 
f|uestional>le  Stoicism. 

The  truth  is,  that  if  Mr.  St  John's 
book  were  nothing  more  than  the  diary 
of  a  hunt-the-slip|>cr  voyage  after  the 
thing  or  essence  from  which  it  derives 
a  portion  of  its  title,  there  would  be 
little  to  say  for  it.  Its  attraction  will 
be  found  to  lie  in  its  sketches  of  cha- 
racter, and  in  its  interwoven  stories. 
How  far  the  author  demands  credence 
for  what  he  advances,  we  arc  at  a  loss 
to  state.  We  suppose  that  many  of 
his  incidents,  like  IIeyne*s  "  Keise- 
**  are  only  painted  for  effect, 
idude  that  we  are  not  called 


upon  to  believe  that  ladies  were  ac- 
costed in  the  streets  by  our  traveller 
to  listen  to  his  assurances  that  they 
were  as  beautiful  as  the  angels.  The 
description  is  picturestjue  on  paper, 
but,  if  real,  the  reality  must  have  been 
perilous.  Whenever  we  stand  at  the 
side  of  our  voyager  thus  cap  in  hand 
discoursing  gallantly,  an  unintroduced 
stranger,  with  the  ever-delighted  fair, 
we  cannot  but  remember  how  it  fared 
with  young  Mirabel  in  the  old  come<ly, 
who  was  rather  given  to  this  promis- 
cuous indulgence  in  collocjuies,  and 
whose  "Tompion,  I  presume  f^  passe<l 
from  his  own  fob  into  the  pocket  of 
the  seductive  donna.  The  governor  of 
the  Philippine  Islands  has  more  nieces 
than  the  clever  lady  who  exchanged 
rings  with  the  enraptured  Gil  lilas. 
But,  doubtless,  the  bearded  pilgrim 
who  left  Switzerland  and  the  cholera 
to  look  for  beauty  while  he  smoked  his 

febel  latakia  on  a  sandy  island  in  the 
Tile,  had  more  ex|)erience  and  greater 
honesty  of  intention  than  the  nephew 
of  Gil  Perez.  "  Afler  all,"  as  he  is 
wont  to  say  when  gastronomy  makes 
him  as  blind  to  Beauty  as  the  younger 
Mr.  Fudge  was  to  Venus  herself  when 
a  favourite  French  dish  was  before 
him  ;  "  after  all,"  Mr.  St.  John's  path- 
way towards  the  home  of  this  much- 
talked  of  "  Bcllezza,''  is  a  road  indeed 
which  he  has  reverently  trodden,  but 
of  which  he  makes  subsequent  use 
merely  to  erect  there<m  pretty  edifices 
of  striking  exteriors,  peopled  with 
choice  company  of  story-tellers  within. 
Along  such  a  pathway,  all  who  do  not 
care  to  incjuire  too  curiously  as  to  the 
authenticity  of  what  is  pleasantly  told 
them  by  their  amiable  entertainer,  may 
travel  without  wearying,  when  the 
"conteur"  only  indulges  in  narrative, 
and  without  doubting,  save,  perhaps, 
when  their  host  plunges  headlong  into 
sentiment — the  two  poles  of  which  are, 
a  love  for  babies  and  a  hatred  for  kings. 
lie  certainly  never  utters  a  particularly 
magnificent  moral  maxim  without  our 
mind  reverting,  in  spite  of  ourselves, 
to  the  sententious  brother  of  Charles 
Surface;  and  we  cannot  help  imagin- 
ing that  many  an  elaborately  polished 
sentiment,  in  these  pages,  has  been 
mentally  accompanied  by  the  comment 
of  Peter  Martyr : 

Sit,  yel  oe,  nil  mihi  curs. 


COTELEi  AND  THE  EDGCUMBES  OF  THE  OLDEN  TIME. 
Bv  Mr».  Bbat. 


ON  ihe  borders  of  Ibc  countj  of 
Cornwall,  where  it  in  sepnrated  I'roni 
tbst  of  Devon  bj  the  ICivcr  Tsmar, 
■Unils,  in  the  parish  of  Calstock,  an 
ancient  mansion,  known  by  the  name 
oTCorele.  Jt  is  an  object  of  interest 
with  the  antiijuar;  and  the  lover  of  the 

Eicturesque,  as  an  eiiample  of  n  fair 
bfctnial  dwelling  of  the  ulilen  time ; 
■nd  the  cnre  which  has  been  observed 
to  prevent  modern  innovation  from 
doing  miauhief,  and  to  preaervc  the 
Tariou*  decorations  in  tapestry,  furni- 
ture, &c.  reflects  great  credit  on  the 
good  taste  and  feeling  «f  the  noble 
proprietors — the  Karla  of  Mount  £dg- 
ouinije. 

The  house  is  built  of  stone,  and, 
though  the  walls  by  which  the  court 
yard  was  once  aurroundcd,  and  the 
principal  gateway,  are  much  ilecnyeil, 
yet  the  mansioD  itself  is  very  nearly 
entire;  so  (hat  on  entering  the  qua- 
drangle, or  Interior  court,  the  eye  is  at 
once  arrested  by  s  striking  combina- 


tion of  that  strength  and  iiiagniG 
so  uharncteristic  of  the  haliiti 
homes  of  our  forefathers.  Trtulitl 
avers  that  nine  hundred  jeara  have 
elapsed  since  die  building  of  Colele ; 
this,  bowever,  is  not  the  fact,  for, 
though  there  might  hate  been  eoroe 
former  dwelling  of  that  date,  the  pre- 
sent ia  not  older  ttian  the  latter  part 
of  the  thirteenth,  or  the  bi^inning  of 
the  fourteen  til,  century.  Man^portions 
are  evidently  not  more  ancient  than 


mains  in  this  neighbourhood.  The 
fearful  contests  of  the  Red  and  White 
Itoses  having  then  ceased,  by  (he  union 
of  the  houses  of  York  and  Lancaster, 
the  nobility  and  gentry  had  leisure  to 
employ  their  days  of  peace  in  the  re- 
pairs or  re -erect]  on  of  their  country  re- 
sidences; and  monasterie»  and  churches 


provement  throughout  the  West. 
'"  during  UK  ■" 


352 


Colele;  and  tht  Edgcumbe*  of  ih«  OUien  Tone. 


[Oct 


ihaji  twentj  jean  ago  when  I  tirsi 
visited  Catele,  in  company  with  some 
frienib  near  and  mott  ileftr  to  me, 
amongit  whom  wag  a  bclurcd  anil  now 
lamented  brt>Uier,  whoae  antiquariui 
knowledge  rendered  him  a  most  de- 
sinble  usociale  in  such  an  c 


injurea  the  scene),  bj  giving  it  tlie  tit 
o/a  Venetian  building,  vilh  the  addi- 
tion of  Teranda,  blindi,  &c. 

The  bridge  that  givp  iu  name  lo 
this  spot  no  lonser  merit*  iu  lirst  ap- 
pellation, since  it  is  too  venerable  Trom 
antifjnitj  to   be   with   propriety   taj 
Hie  dar  wait  delightful,  and  br  the     longer  called  new.     It  exhibits  on  iu 


reljr  and  brilliant  Hspect  which 
aflbnletl  to  every  object  in  the  sur- 
rounding scenery,  added  to  the  plea- 
sure of  the  drive  from  Tavistock  to 
tlie  borders  of  Cornwall.  That  ani- 
maliug  influence  of  the  great  luminarj, 
when  the  beat  is  not  opprostive,  and 
the  clouds  are  just  sufScicnt  to  relieve 
by  their  passing  shadows  the  monotony 
of  uninterrupted  sunahine,  renders 


;j,  aged,  and  well-tunicd  nrcbet  ■ 
Beautiful  robe  of  ivy.  Although  the 
Taniar  i»  here  navigable,  it  ceucs  la 
be  BO  at  a  very  short  distance  ahoet 
the  bridge,  towanls  the  interior  of  the 
counties.  But  belote  it,  it  llovrs  on  ita 
stately  course  to  tlie  harbour  of  P\j- 
inouth,  passing  at  the  foot  of  Uorwel 
rocks,  in  the  most  enchanting  manner. 
These  are  here  seen  bare,  alirupt,  or 


ly   in   England   superior,     jutting;   there  partially  hidden   with 
:limate.  as  well  ta  in  iu     copsewood  and  purple  heath,  tlie  whole 


pictnresijue    efTecta,   to    every   other  line  of  their  towering  beighl 

country  in  Europe.     In  Spain  or  Por-  lied  with  the  richest  and  most  varied 

tugul,  such  a  day  nearly  kills  the  ira-  tints  that  colour  can  supply  to  give 

veller  with  beat ;  in  France  it  is  but  them  life  and  beauty.     The  surround- 


ing bills  are  also  striking.  Some  ri.. 
from  the  banks  of  the  river,  and  are 
clotlie'l  with  wood,  whilst  the  patches 
of  scattered  meadow-land  on  tbdr 
sides,  or  in  tlie  vallies,  studded  wil^ 
many  a  while  cottage,  like  fpecks  in 
the  landscape,  produce  that  plea«iig 
effect  which  is  always  derived  from  a 
sense  of  inhabiution  in  every  country. 
Ascending  the  steep  line  of  road 
i._  _.  \-g„brid^e,  on  the  Cornish 
" itinuea  to  enlarge  and 


side,  tbc  vi 


little  less  oppressive ;  whilst  In  Ital^, 
with  all  its  Iwasled  cbornis,  there  is 
truly  a  sad  want  of  clouds  even  in 
the  most  glorious  scenes.     Landscape 

Klnters  and  nice  observers  of  tmture 
ow  well  that,  whatever  may  be  the 
forms  of  mountain,  hill,  or  valley,  or 
the  variety  and  richness  of  their  ac- 
companiments, it  is  from  the  sky  they 
derive  all  their  finest  and  most  im- 
posing effects ;  tbuii  proving  that  the 
physical,  like  the  moral  world,  must 

receive  its  principal  characteristics  of  expand  before  the  traveller  with  great 
beauty  from  the  higher  and  nobler  magnificence,  and  is  fur  superior  to  all 
world  of  Heaven.  the  celebrated  views   of  a  somewhat 

We  passed  in  our  drive  the  lofty  similar  character  on  the  banks  of  the 
bills  and  romantic  scenery  of  New-  Loire.  For  now,  looking  down  on  the 
bridge,  where  the  Tamar  forms  the  Tamar,  the  vast  range  of  Morwel 
line  of  demarcation  between  the  sister  rocks  is  seen  in  all  its  grandeur — wild, 
counties,  and  glides  along  the  valley  lofly,  broken;  whilst  beyond  and  far 
with  a  repose  so  profound  tliat  its  un-  above  these,  arise,  from  distance  and 
broken  surface  presents  the  bright  and  the  effects  of  the  passing  clouds  often 
luminous  appearance  of  the  clearest  of  an  aerial  hue,  tor  above  tor,  the 
The   genius   of  our  English     heights  and  abrupt  acclivities  of  Dart- 

"■-- ""^  ■      I  have  aeen  the  view  from  this 

t  the  evening  hour,  when  the 


Claude  here  Ibund  a  subject  for  that 
pictorial  poetry  which  renders  the 
early  paintings  of  this  great  artist  so 
replete  with  grace  and  fedina.  Turner, 
many  years  ago,  painted  rte  view  of 
Newbridge  from  the  hill  above  it,  on 
the  Devonshire  side  of  the 


flow  of  sunset  and  its  accompanying 
Uiis  of  the  deepest  and  richest  purploa 
have  altogether  presented  such  combi- 
nations of  surpassing  loveliness,  that, 
whilst  the  eye  drank  them  in,  the  heart 
"    ;  elevi 


dignifiedthemanufoctory (whichstands     felt   that   elevation  which   is  derived 
~  n  the  opposite  height,  and  somewhat     from  contemplating  the  most  gorgeous 


!8.i3.J         Colelvs   and  the  Ht/gcutnbef,  if  the  Olden  Time. 


earlh  and  heaven.  In  such  moments, 
the  minLt  acknowledges  its  otrii  id' 
BUfficiencj  to  express  Its  eniotions; 
then  is  it  found  how  much  there  is  of 
eloquence  in  silence ;  the  eye  speaks, 
the  tongue  is  mute. 

Quae  thm  vipmtive  ulcnu,  mnu  Hit  prtlw  I 

Nor  does  our  admiration  cense  here  j 
for  the  Tamar  winds  its  circuitous 
course  through  acountr;  which  nature 
and  art  have  combined  to  render  de- 
lightful, till  it  enlarges  and  spreads 
iteelf  into  the  brood  and  deep  waters 
of  the  Hamonzo ;  where,  to  use  the 
poetical  figure  of  Canning,  are  seen 
"  sleeping  on  their  shadows  "  thoao 
floAtiog  bu  1  warks  of  Englan  d's  strength, 
her  men  of  war,  that  linTe  maintamed 
her  power  and  her  c'orj  throughout 
the  wide  empire  of  the  seas.  Beyond 
the  Hamoaze  appear  the  towns  of 
Plymouth,  Stonohouso,  and  Devonjiort. 
There,  loo,  rising  as  it  were  from  the 
midst  of  the  waters,  is  seen  the  klaiut- 
lUte  domain  ofMount  Edgcumbe. 

The  horizon  beyond  igaTonc  bounded 
bvtheocenn;  that fearfuland wondrous 
cleuieot,  on  which  man  feels  at  once, 
in  the  most  opposite  extremes,  his 
weokneas  and  his  strength.  He  is  as 
nothing  in  comparison  with  its  power 
for  his  destruction ;  be  is  as  a  spark 
of  tbe  Almighty  mind,  when,  by  the 
force  of  hisgeaius,  he  triumphs  over  its 
illimitable  space ;  and  by  his  courage 
and  hia  cnterprize  makes,  as  it  were, 
thu  rcmolcst  corners  of  the  globe  sub- 
servient to  him,  mingling  with  other 
nations,  even  as  do  the  clouds  and 
vapours  of  this  far-stretched  horizon 
with  the  waters  of  the  Atlantic,  till 
ther  seem  to  unite  as  one. 

Cotele  is  sequestered ;  but,  although 
the  ground  on  wliich  it  stands  is  con- 
siderably elevated  above  the  river,  it 
commands  no  view  except  that  of  some 
venerable  trees  by  whicli  it  is  in  part 
surrounded,  and  a  peep  at  Calstock 
church  tower  at  no  great  distance. 
Passing  through  the  quadrangle  (or  as 
it  ia  called  in  the  West  of  England  the 
cortelage)  the  stronger  enters  a  majestic 
hall  whose  carved  oalc  ceiling,  though 
on  a  smaller  scale,  somewhat  reserablua 
that  of  the  ancient  palace  of  Eltham  in 
Kent.  In  the  windows  may  still  be 
seen  some  portions  of  stained  glass, 
anting  the  arms  and  alliances  of 
•■^     Vol.  XL. 


d  belmeti 


the  family,  who,  for  so  miuiy  geuera- 
tions,  have  been  the  lords  of  Cotelb ' 
On  the  walk  hang  various  suits  of' 
armour  of  difierent  ems;  some  thai 
were  in  use  before  the  introduction  of  | 
fire-arms  induced 
dually  to  lessen  and  finally 
aside  their  iron  casings  of 
others  when  about  the  limeofCharU 
the  morion  or  steel  cap  supplied 
place  of  the  bacinet,  vizor,and  bel: 
and  the  matchlock  usurped  that  of 
more  chivalrous  lance. 

These  relics  of  distant   times  i 
give  an  appropriate  character  .. 
fofty  ball  of  Cotolo;  and  the  syh 
.iports  of  its  once  hardy  masters 
called  to  mind  by  many  a  noble 
of  antlers  (thickly  set  with  tines 
thorns  upon  a  branch)  thathnngabi 
the  coats  of  steel  as  if  to  show  that  thi 
who  in  periods  of  danger 
from  the  warlike  accout 
hardihood  of  their  fiithers,  in  days  of' 

Kace  sought  their  pastime  in  wh~* 
s  so  tru^  been  called  "an  image 
war,"  in  the  high  escitement  and  l" 
of  the  chase.  Whilst  viewing  the 
bail,  many  a  thought  of  past  ages  \ 
sented  itself  to  my  mind ;  and  I  co 
wellimaKiaewhatanimposingspectac 
it  must  liave  presented  in  those  el 
valrous  days  when  the  lords  of  Cotcl 
there  held  hi^h  feGtival  and  fcaete 
their  brothers  in  honour  nnd  in 
their  tenantry,  followers,  and  friendi 
or  led  forth  to  the  dance  the  voung  ai 
the  beautiful,  now  long,  long  sin. 
numbered  with  the  forgotten  dead  I  . 
little  circumstance  also  here  arrcsie 
We  observed  a  small 


I  Tem^icn 


a   the 
very 

much  below  the  carved  oak  ceiling 
We  found  that  this  aperture  en 
any   person   standing    in    the 
(wbico  was  contiguous  to  one  i 

Srincipal  sleeping  chambers)  to 
own  into  the  haU,  and  both  to  si 
hear  what  might  there  be  goiog  41 
without  being  himself  aeen.  Theil 
conld  be  no  doubt  that  a  peep-hole  ^ 
conveniently  placed,  had  been  for  tf" 
service  of  the  lord  and  lady  of  (I 
mansion  in  feudal  time«. 

Whilst  we  were  examining  the  ■ 
mour,  ke.  in  the  hall,  and  my  broth 
making,  as   he   did,  a   very   striking 
drawing  of  the  interior,   the   house- 
keeper (a  most   r«peetable   ("^rsou) 


or)4 


Cotele;  and  the  Edgcumhei  of  the  Olden  Time.  [Oct. 


cainc  in,  accompjinied  by  a  little  girl 
about  six  years  oUl,  wliose  name  was 
Mary.     She  was  lier  niooe,  and  I  be- 
lieve an  orphan.     1  shall  never  forget 
the  child.     I  have  always  remembered 
her  by  the  name  of  Mary  of  Cotele. 
She  was  very  pretty  ;  but  her  beauty 
did  not  80  mucn  arise  from  feature  and 
complexion  (though  she  looked  fair  and 
delicate)  as  it  did  from  an  indescribable 
expression   of  sweetness   and  intelli- 
gence.    She  had  the  gentlest  voice  too 
that  could  be  imagined,  and  the  pret- 
tiest and  most  apt  way  of  expressing 
herself,   far  beyond  her   years;    au(l 
there  was  an  affectionate  look  in  her 
blue  eyes  when  she  was  kindly  noticed, 
and  a  liveliness  of  manner  that  alto- 
gether made  her  a  most  eng<iping  little 
creature.    We  were  much  mteresteil 
about  her,  so  that  to  this  day  Cotele  is 
never  remcmberetl  by  us  without  some 
reference  to  her.    There   have  been 
persons  who  have  taken  such  a  fancy 
to  children  as  to    be   led   to  adopt 
them.    Little  ]Mary  was  exactly  the 
beinff  to  inspire  such  a  fancy.    I  con- 
fess I  never  before  felt  so  strong  a 
desire  to  steal  a  child  in  all  my  life. 
Her  aunt  seemed  very  fond  of  her,  and 
Mary  appeared  to  delight  in  being  with 
her  and  m  playing  about  the  old  hall, 
naming  all  thcDieces  of  armour  (which 
she  did  correctly),  and  in  hiding  her- 
self behind  the   old   tapestnr,   m   an 
adjoining  room,  in  sport.    1  know  it 
will  be  digressing,  but  I  cannot  for- 
bear stating  that  three  years  after  the 
time  of  which  I  am  now  speaking,  I 
once  more  saw  Mary  of  Cotele.    But 
it  was  a  melancholy  pleasure,  for  the 
poor  child  had  but  iust  recovered  from 
a  dangerous  attack  of  scarlet  fever. 
Being  too  weak   to  walk,   her   aunt 
carried  her.     She  was  pale,  thin,  and 
80  wasted  that  her  little  arms,  which 
hung  listlessly   down,  were   literally 
reduced  to  skin  and  bone.     She  had 
the  appearance  of  one  in  a  decline,  yet 
there  was  the  same  indescribable  ex- 
pression of  gentleness  and  sweetness 
in  her  countenance.      She  knew   me 
directly.    I  never  saw  an  eye  that 
spoke  more  than  did  hers  in  return  to 
an   affectionate   greeting,  though  she 
was  too  weak  to  do  more  than  utter  a 
few  words. 

On  our  first  visit  to  Cotele,  accom- 
panied by  the  housekeeper  and  this 
engaging   little   creature,    we    went 


through  the  apartments.  The  child 
knew  everything  and  the  frames  of 
most  of  the  people  in  the  old  pictur^. 
She  knew  "  the  pretty  lady,  ^iarj 
Queen  of  Scots."  Surely  no  prettj 
lady  ever  ha<l  so  many  portraits  painted 
of  her  as  the  Queen  of  Scotland,  ifor 
all  the  female  heads  tolerably  good 
looking  (with  a  cap  of  her  day  haTUig 
the  border  brought  down  close  tq  the 
forehead  iu  front  and  rising  with  a 
curve  on  either  side),  are  invariably 
ascribed  to  her. 

Having  seen  in  my  travels  at  home 
and  abroad,  in  various  ancient  houses 
and  collections,  above  twenty  portraits 
so  called,  I  w^jus  grown  niuch  too  scep- 
tical about  the  identity  of  most,  if  not 
a\\  of  them,  to  expect  anything  auUien- 
tic  from  this  at  Cotele.  put  1  m%y  be 
mistaken,  as  it  bore  some  resemblance 
to  the  efkgy  of  Mary  Quee^  of  Scots 
on  her  tomb  in  Westminster  Abbey. 
Yet,  if  this  portrait  be  genuine,  it  de- 

f>icts  her  at  an  earlier  period  of  her 
ife   than   she  is  represented  in   the 
efBgy ;  in  the  last  sue  is  also  stouter, 
more  enbonpoint,  and  far  less  delicate 
in  beauty;  this,  however,  she  would 
naturallv  be  from  her  age  alone  at  the 
time  of  her  death.  The  features  of  the 
marble  figure  form  a  noble  contour  of 
countenance,  particularly   in   profile; 
and,   as   well    as  the  portrait,   fully 
justify  the  many   eulogiums  of  that 
Queen,  of  whom  Robertson  said,  "  no 
man  could  see  her  without  loving  her." 
This  may  be  a  little  extravagant,  yet 
there  have  been  such  women ;  but  not 
all  have  used  the  power  of  their  charms 
either  discreetly  or  honestly.     I  have 
seen  the  portrait  of  Ninon  de  L*£ncIos 
(who  won  hearts  till  she  was  seventy), 
and  that  of  Diana  of  Poitiers,  who  cap- 
tivated the  youthful  King  Henry  of 
France,  when  she  attended  at  his  court 
to  celebrate  the  marriage  of  her  grand- 
daughter.   These  ladies  assured!^  pos- 
sessed beauty  of  no  common  oraer; 
but  in  all  the  good  portraits  of  them 
which  exist  it  is  apparent  that  it  was 
not  alone  their  personal  charms  that 
had   thus    the  power  to  change  the 
natural  course  of  things.    In  each  the 
chief  attraction  seemed  to  be  in  tho 
expression  of  the  countenance — an  ex- 
pression which    evinced    strong  and 
superipr  sense,  united  to  an  affection- 
ate disposition,  the  last  being  of  alt 
things  perhaps  the  most  powerful  to 


I8d3.] 


ColeU;  aiidtheBdgvumbeiofthe  Olden  T\me 

I  lower  cliftmbcr  a 


keep  aliTe,  If  not  to  inspire,  a  ptusiooate 
attBclmicDt. 

In  one  of  the  sleeping- rooms  of  tbia 
atcicut  dwelling  there  is  a  scene  re- 
presented in  iujiestrj  in  whicb  soiue 
ilogi.  tlie  size  of  life,  are  inlroiluued. 
These  ore  so  adoiirablj  executed  that, 
when  fresh  in  culnur,  the;  must  hrtve 
been  little  inierior  In  the  most  tuaslerly 
eSt>rts  of  the  pencilj  bat  every  year 
now  sadly  fades  and  injures  \m 
One  chiuuber,  likewise  hung  with 
peittj,  represents,  if  I  rcmeiiiber  ci 
redly,  some  of  the  dUiries  Ihin)  the 
wars  of  Troy ;  and  the  irtles  of  Hero 
and  licnnder,  and  Itoraulua  and  Remus. 
In  this  apartment  are  also  placed  a 
splendidlycarvcd  ebony  cabinet,  chairs, 
and  ft  letUc  corresTKiOdiDg,  of  the  reif 
of  Charles  the  First;  much  of  t 
nirniture  of  the  house  being  of  that 
period.  Here  is  likewise  seen  the 
chauibei'  and  bed  in  which  that  un-  - 
ha[i|iy  king  nlept  I'or  two  or  three 
niguU  during  the  anxious  time  of  liis 
iojourn  in  the  Vfeat,  after  one  uf  his 
most  disastrous  defeats. 

I  looked  at  the  old  and  onee  richly- 
tapestried  rootn  with  omeh  interest, 

froni  iny  recollection  of  the  noble  ton-  „     , 

duct  and  zeal  of  the  former  masters  of  Inost  striking  olijects  at  Cotele. 
the  manBion.  All  the  £dgcambes  the  roof  of  a  tower  in  the  quadra 
were  true  ae  steel  in  the  cause  of  lojr-  may  be  teen  the  whole  range  of  builit 
alty  and  hooonr.  Many  a  council,  in  inga,  and  n  pleasing  though  somewbi' 
Favour  of  the  king,  I  will  warrant,  was  confined  view  oftbc  domain.  Descen' 
here  held  in  the  stormy  and  latter  part  ingfrora  this  tower,Bnd  passing bcnea 
of  his  unfortunate  reign;  when  the  its  gateway,  we  proceeded  to  exploM 
fierce  Strouds  of  Newnham  (and  the  deep  intricacies  of  the  woods,  whji' 
Stroud  the  republican  was  at  that  are  now,  and  have  been  for  ages,  fkm 
time,  according  to  Clarendon,  one  of  for  the  beauty  and  grandeur  of  man;  ' 
tlie  most  Tinlent  members  of  the  rebel  of  their  treoe.  The  inequalities  of  the 
parliament,)  were  very  differently  era-  ground  on  which  they  stand,  its  deep 
ployed,  not  many  miles  olT,  in  lending  dells  and  abrupt  declivities,  afford  th^ 
a  helping  hand  to  hig  destruction,  varied  effect  so  pecnliarly  charming  in 
With  wbot  opposite  feelings  did  1  some  forest  scenery ;  bough  erosies  bough, 
lime  nAer  see  Newnham  to  those  tree  rises  above  tree  (with  the  rirer 
elicited  by  tliia  vi^it  to  Cotele!  So  Tnmar  seen  glittering  through  every 
much  do  the  principles  and  actions  of  little  opening},  sometimes  forming  ft 
men  invest  with  an  interest,  to  aiTord  verdant  arcade,  at  others  shewina  tl" 
pleasure  or  to  give  pain,  the  scenes  entrance  to  many  a  labyrinth  of  ni 
wtd  dwellings  where  they  have  been  tare's  own  construction,  tumpttnf;  a" 
called  forth  for  good  or  evil.     I  can     to  explore  their  recesses. 

niber  the  time,  when  very  young,         In  several  places  we  observed  t 


venerated  Sovereign  George  the  T 
ind  his  Iruly  exemplary  Queen  C 
otte,  on  the  day  they  were  entertj 
IV  Lord  Mount  E%cuiiibu  at  Ct  .  . 
'liie  nportuient  is  hung  with  tapestrr 
and,  passing  through  a  door,  1 
we  entered  bv  a  narroi 
t  chajie!.  This  is  a  vi 
but  interesting  building,  in  which  (i 
long  since)  might  be  seen  soi 
ins  of  stained  glos 
portion,  representing  St.  KatbariiM 
and  her  wheel,  was  very  rich  t 
good.  All  the  adornments  of  Rom 
worship  have  long  since  been  remove 
from  the  altar;  yet  1  could  noi 
this  small  and  sacred  edifice  n 
colling  up  in  imneination  the  ii 
live  ceremonial  ol  high  moss,  a 
resper  hyrnn  seemeil  also  to  chime  on 
;he  ear,  aa  the  lord  aud  lady  of  the 
mansion,  and  a  goodly  train  of  knighta, 
irith  alt  the  retinue  of  chivalry,  ap- 
peared to  puss  before  the  mind,  andu^ 
quickly  to  fade  away. 

The  hall,  the  chapel,  and  the  apatH 
ments   thus   slightly  noticed,  i 


that  1  could  never  endure  t^i*  stop  for 
a  moment  and  look  up,  without  the 

rst  painful  feelings,  at  the  window 
ough  which  (us  it  was  then  gene- 
rally though  erroneously  believed) 
King  Charles  had  passed  forth  to  his 
ttu^nlomon  the  scaffold  at  Whitehall. 


open  spare  enough  to  admit  il . 
a  full  flood;  and  so  strong  and  bro 
were  the  shadows  upposeil  to  ''   '* 
by  forue  of  contrast,  there  si 
brightness,  an  illumination,  mi 
natiwal;  it  resembled  ilia  eUott  | 


JL  lefts 


if  ja 


sail  J  ui  1091. 


4i.£ 


T'mmi  lira  :b9.  nU  vsti  try 

dt*  -iej!**   if  7-ian.  ji  •  -sinoet.'*  -ir 
^■riumi.  <n«iCAiefi  ^if  aula  inii  ttt. 

ft  <ymcra«c  m  '-.^aach^  n 

iNjriii  M  M  *JuIiiiifl3fl«l  ua  :ae  v^jd  af 

tiK  fwliii  •'<f  r»:Y<ir»zui  laii 

hi  iriA  her*  iLio  iaarA  m 
feesM  :  ir^.*!  X  eaesCftnt.  o^ 

tmiMty'%tw*A  fees  bi  tke  gink  oc  isi 
tnuk.  ioirmuBij[  aae  fji  the  gratesc 
emrirmzte*  la  inm:»t'irtei  new  exsias. 
Frooft  tike  maua  hcAj  spring  tkr«e 
flt^€r»I  bnadiej,  eacb  bemg  ei^ittl  in 
Wlk  t/^  ft  Doble-«zed  tree  of  aore 
thftA  Civlflttrf  dimeiMiobJ.  I  thoogfct 
c/  Jobft  Evdrn,  awl  of  vhat  an  ae- 
eooot  he  vooM  hare  ^ca  id  one  of 
kii  chA^4en  in  bis  *"  Silrar  had  he 
rmttfX  thU  ffCrC  Xear  the  bouse 
(^m:^  %\ure  %aA\j  injured  \>j  a  tio- 
leikt  itorm^  there  vai,  vben  we  first 
•aw  it,  the  largest  ai«d  finest  jew-tree 
perfaapif  in  Eojzland.  The  late  Lord 
Vf^>abt  yA'^cmaife  uAd  ine  that  be  bad 
nerer  bfrard  of  an j  jew  to  be  com- 
porerl  t/i  it  in  iize :  and  such  was  its 
renKite  auti^juitj  that  no  conjcctare 
eouM  fie  ma/le  as  to  its  date. 

Hic  s'.'quettered  character  of  the 
woorU  at  Cotele  is  very  imposing.  Their 
silent';,  Uio,  waji  unbroken,  sarc  bj  the 
crj  of  A//me  bird  tbat  on  oar  approach 
t^cry  now  and  then  would  start  from 
its  c/>vcrt,  flap  iIj*  wings,  and  flj  awaj, 
as  if  little  ac/;ustr>med  to  such  intrusion 
in  itM  woodj  domain.  Here  indeed  a 
hermit  might  fix  bis  dwelling,  ftnd  set 
up  M  an  appropriate  motto  oyer  bb 
#loor — 

'I  h*:  w(fT\4  fr/rtceUinn;,  Uy  the  world  forgot. 

A  place  for  bis  devotions  would  be 
found  at  hand ;  for  here,  after  pro- 
celling  name  little  distance  amidst  the 


:  ^ie^  ire  Bretrr  aai 

ens  ^  ^^  €j^  a(  der^^an^ 
^marj  yiLi  Ser  beads,  soc^ 
BUBfC  ham  aade 


b£e;   to  it  mxw  be 
those  Imea  of  Wt 


fct 


1!  astorr 


itrTKtuTc.  wbU  win  ftccouft  fer  at 


m  It.  ine  cftapel  wfts  erceied  at 
ttc  commexicemeiic  of  the  reign  of 
Henrj  the  Seventh  bv  a  gaDantmnt 
of  the  Edgeumbe  fkauir^  in  mmmr 
mention  of  an  event  (now  the  ikjuf^g 
both  of  bistorj  and  tzftditioo)  which 
called  for  an  especial  thanksgivin|r  on 
Ins  part— presenratioo  from  the  moat 
muninent  danger  on  this  spot.  In  the 
earij  part  of  the  last  century  the  cir- 
cumstance, as  connected  with  the  trulj 
pious  motive  which  caused  the  founda- 
tion of  the  chapel,  was  recorded  in  gilt 
letters  on  a  board  suspended  within 
the  wall«.  The  gilding  of  the  letters 
has  since  been  renewal,  and  the  in- 
scripUon  still  gives,  though  verrbrieflj, 
a  relation  of  the  peculiar  and  mterest- 
ing  particukrs  of  Sir  Richard  Edg- 
cumbe*s  escape  and  preservation.  It 
is  of  this  gentleman  I  am  now  about 
to  speak.  His  familv  were  originallj 
of  Devon ;  but,  savs  Prince,  tbat  most 
worthy  author  of  The  Worthies  of 
Devon,  "  in  protract  of  time  this  family 
removed  over  the  Tamar,  where  it 
8ettle<l  at  CuOail^  in  the  parish  of  Cal- 
stock,  Cornwall.*'    The  same  historian 


1853.]        Coteh;  andths  Edgcmibe-^ofthe  Olden  Tin 


states  tb&t  Sir  Richniil  Edgcuinbe, 
knight,  woa  "probablj  born  at  Stono- 
house,  B^oinicig  Plymouth,"  nnd  uear 
Mount  BdgL-umbc,  but  "  bi^foro  that 
uoble  houae  wits  buildeil."  Thu  lima 
of  his  birth  is  also  untertnin ;  but,  as 
he  toot  an  sutire  part  in  the  nnrs  of 
York  atul  Lanco^tur,  and  more  eapu- 
ciolly  in  those  events  which  led  to 
Ilenrf  EnrI  of  Richmond  gniaiug  ihc 
crown  of  England  in  1484,  and  was 
ftfl^rwards  employed  by  him  in  many 
foreign  embassies,  wo  may  conclude 
that  hia  birth  could  not  have  been 
later  than  I4S8  or  1460.  As  little 
is  known  of  his  early  years  as  of  the 
precise  date  of  his  birth,  since  the  pro- 
minent actions  of  bia  life  that  connect 
his  name  with  lustorri  and  the  daring 
spirit  which  inspired  them,  were  not 
called  forth  till  tbose  times  of  both 
public  and  private  calamity  that  will 
be  for  ever  memorable. 

The  Ion-;  and  fearful  contests  of  the 
Ked  and  White  Roset,  by  which  this 
kingdom  was  dolaged  in  blood,  the 
flower  of  its  ancient  nobility  slain  on 
the  field,  or  condemned  lo  perish  on 
the  scafibid, — families  ruined  by  fines, 
confiacations,  and  imprisonments,  suf- 
fering sometimes  under  one  govern- 
ment and  ^ain  under  anothei',  as  the 
fortunes  ot  York  or  Lancaster  ^ire- 
vaited, — had  bo  th  drai  ned  an  d  dispirited 
the  people  at  large.  Fear,  for  awhile, 
became  predominent  in  the  minds  of 
men ;  and  to  this  feeling  must  mainly 
bs  attributed  the  comparative  ease 
with  which  Richard  Duke  of  Glouces- 
ter waded  tlirough  blood  to  scat  hiin- 
KJf  upon  a  throne,  that  owed  its  chief 
support  to  fraud,  cunning,  and  brute 
force.  A  universal  panic  seemed,  in- 
deed,  like  n  pestilential  air,  to  iufoct 
the  very  heart,  and  to  paralyse  the 
energies,  of  the  whole  body  politic. 

Althoush  received  with  outward  ho- 
mue  by  uis  gubjeoti,  though  ca^  were 
ilofled  and  knees  bent  before  hnn,  yet 
if  ever  prince,  even  at  the  outset  of 
his  reign,  was  hailed  "  with  curses  not 
loud  but  deep,"  Richanl  bod  them 
poured  upon  him  from  the  lips  of  thou- 
sands. Amongst  his  most  zealous  sup- 
porters there  was  scarcely  one  to  bo 
found  who  served  him  from  other  than 


motives  of  self-interest — to  aid  amM- 
tiun,  satisfy  avarice,  or  to  wreak  upon 
some  adversurv  a  passion  of  malice  and 
revenge.  The  Dase  and  the  brutal  were 
perhaps  sincere  in  their  support,  since 
lliey  joined  him  from  that  sort  of  aym- 
pnthy  which  may  be  supposed  to  con- 
stitute a  fellowship  between  bears  and 
wolves,  both  bcin^  beasts  of  prey  and 
sworn  foes  lo  the  human  race.  But  If 
we  look  for  personal  attachment,  ga-  J 
neroua  devotion,  or  aOectionate  "  ^- '  ^ 
to  the  "  crook-backed  king,"  w 
find  nothing!;  but  what  was  Tike  his  owS  I 
person — a  distorted  image  ofthatwhicli  I 
in  most  men  is  comely  and  honest.       '  I 

In  God's  mornl  providence,  thouA  J 
for  a  time  it  may  seem  dark,  there  »  I 
a  sure  and  unerring  course.     The  err  fl 
of  innocent  blood  had  ascended  tA  f 
Heaven;  the  spirits  of  the  dead  (U.l 
Shakspere  has  so  faithfully  depicted  ■ 
in  the  tcrrorsof  hisnightlydreams)still  1 
haunted  his  pillow;  the  fears  of  what   I 
would  in  all  probability  arise  to  shake    | 
the  stability  of  his  throne  were  for  ever 
present  to  his  ahuTned  fancy.     Uollov    ' 
triends,   treasons    in   eml>ryo,   claiHB 
armed  in  might  as  well  as  right,  all 
presented  themselves  in  that  visionary 
mirror  which  conscious  guilt  held  be- 
fore the  eye  of  Richard  ;  and,  like  the 
lung  line  of  Bamiuo'a  heirs  to  the  view 
of  the  alTrighted  Uaobeth,  another  and 
another  seemed  to  start  up  armed  with 
prophetic  dread.  Such  was  his  distrust 
of  tnose  around  him  that,  even  whilst    i 
bestowing  marks  of  fovour  on  his  ad- 
herents,  he  appeared  to  watch  them    ' 
with  suspicion,  so  as  to  seize  upon  the 
least  circumstance  to  devote  them  to 
ruin  or  to  death. 

When  this  state  of  things  is  consi- 
dered, it  will  not  be  found  surprising 
that  some  ancient  families,  who  stiU 
survived  the  wreck  around  them, 
shunned  the  court ;  or  that  many  noble 
knights  nod  gentlemen,  who,  under  ft 
better  sovereign,  and  in  more  auspi- 
cious times,  would  have  been  eager  to 
enter  the  lists  to  run  a  career  of  honour 
and  i-enown,  should  have  shrunk  front 
the  pursuit  and  have  sought  in  privacy 
the  only  hope  of  comfort  and  safetj 
that  seemeil  available  for  honest  men. 
(To  be  eoutinved.J 


358 


Sm  JOHN  BANKES'S  CORRESPONDENCE. 

Tile  Storj  of  Corfe  Castle  and  of  manj  who  have  lived  there,  collected  from  ancient 
Chronicles  and  Records,  and  also  from  the  private  memoirs  of  a  family  resident 
there  in  the  time  of  the  Civil  Wars :  which  include  yarioos  particulars  of  the 
Court  of  Charles  the  Firit  when  held  at  York  and  afterwards  at  Oxford.  By  the 
Rt.  Hon.  George  Bankes,  M.P.  for  the  county  of  Dorset.    8to.     1853. 


THIS  18  a  valuable,  but  an  extremely 
imperfect  book.  It  is  valuable,  because 
it  contains  several  important  letters, 
hitherto  unpublished,  from  Straiford, 
Northumberland,  Dcnzil  Holies,  and 
other  prominent  historical  persons  of 
the  reign  of  Charles  I. ;  and  its  imper- 
fection lies  in  this,  that  these  lettei's 
could  not  by  any  contrivance  of  un- 
skilled editorship  have  been  more  ab- 
solutely buried,  or  rendered  less  ef- 
fective, than  they  are  in  the  present 
work.  As  a  "  Story  of  Corfe  Castle," 
the  volume  deserves  little  notice.  All 
that  can  be  said  of  it  in  that  character 
is  that  a  picturesciue  and  impoi*tant 
history  has  ocen  told  very  ineflcctively. 
The  right  honourable  author  has  al- 
readv,  we  doubt  not^  many  claims  to 
public  respect,  and  can  therefore  bear 
to  be  told  that  we  pannot  congratulate 
him  on  having  added  those  of  suc- 
cessful authorahip  to  their  number. 

The  letters  to  which  we  have  alluded 
were  addressed  to  Sir  John  Bankes,  a 
lawyer  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I.  who 
passed  through  the  gradations  of  So- 
licitor and  Attorney -General  and  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Common  Fleas.  This 
gentleman  invested  the  ))rofits  of  his 
professional  practice  in  the  purchase  of 
tk>rfe  Castle.  In  his  office  of  Attorney- 
Greneral,  Sir  John  was  employed  in 
the  defence  of  some  of  the  unpopular 
measures  of  that  difficult  period,  but 
ne  stood  almost   alone  amongst  the 

iudges  of  the  time  without  reproach, 
le  adhered  to  his  royal  master  with- 
out hesitation,  although  not  at  first 
with  that  open  partizanship  which  was 
most  agreeable  to  the  King.     Sir  John 


Bankes  followed  the  court  to  York  and 
to  Oxford,  at  which  latter  plmce  be 
died,  at  the  age  of  65,  on  the  28th 
December,  1644.  He  was  buried  with 
great  solemnity  in  the  cathedral  of 
Christ  Church,  where  a  monument 
erected  to  his  memory  still  remains. 

Amongst  his  clients  whilst  at  the  bar 
he  numbered  the  first  and  great  Lord 
Strafford,  and  four  letters  from  the 
imperious  Lord  Lieutetiant,  then  Lord 
Wentworth,  are  here  published  for  the 
first  time.  They  relate  principally  to 
Star  Chamber  business  of  Wentworth*s 
in  which  Sir  John  Bankes  was  his 
counsel,  and  are  not  so  valuable  as 
persons  acquainted  with  the  Strafford 
Papers  (2  vols.  foL  1739)  mieht  sup- 
pose. Ihe  following,  which  is  full  of 
character,  is  an  exception. 

S', — My  present  indisposition  will  ex* 
cuse  the  biBidnesde  of  the  caracter ;  in  cha- 
rity you  must  afforde  it  me,  lying  all  along 
lame  of  the  gout. 

I  doe  indeed  acknowledge  your  greate 
favoure  and  regarde  yon  are  pleased  to 
look  upon  all  my  troublesome  business 
with,  thorrow  w«^,  by  God's  blessing  and 
yoar  assistance,  I  trust  my  iunocense  shall 
at  last  cary  me,  how  great  a  weight  of  ca- 
lumny and  malice  soever  presse  upon  me 
for  the  present. 

It  must  be  still  my  desire  the  E.  of 
Holland  and  the  Lo.  Wilmot  may  be 
examined,  and  that  the  judges  may  report 
and  rule  the  matter :  for  my  parte  1  desire 
only  this  singular  question  may  be  ilsked 
him,*  whether  S'  Perse  Crosbye  had  toU 
him  either  that  I  had,  or  that  the  neport 
was  I  had,  beate  to  death  with  a  cudgell  or 
otherwise  killed  a  man  in  Ireland,  and  who 
tooke  it  upon  his  death  the  blowes  I  had 


*  There  must  be  some  mistake  here.  No  one  who  is  in  any  degree  acquainted 
with  Lord  Strafford's  clear  self-possessed  style  of  writing,  will  believe  that  having 
mentioned  two  lords  whom  he  desired  to  have  examined,  he  afterwards  wrote  of  them 
throughout  the  same  letter  in  the  singular  number.  We  are  as  positive  as  we  can  be 
that  the  letter  is  in  that  respect  imperfectly  repi  esented.  This  is  just  one  of  these 
oases  in  which  the  labours  of  an  editor  are  necessary  and  useful.  Mr.  Bankes  ought 
to  explain  the  circumstance,  especially  if — as  we  are  positive  must,  be  the  case— the 
letter  itself  offers  an  explanation. 


1853.] 


Sir  John  Bunkes*it  Correspontlence. 


359 


giren  him  were  the  cause  of  his  deathe, 
and  what  the  name  of  the  man  soe  re- 
ported to  be  killed  was  ? 

How  this  should  trenche  upon  the  pri- 
▼iledge  of  a  counsellour  I  confesse  my 
ignorance  cannot  shew  me :  nay,  how  in 
honour  or  conscience  his  Lqp  can  doe  lesse 
then  to  bring  such  a  damnable  scandall  to 
be  punished  in  the  person  of  him  that  soe 
impudently  reported  it :  and  not  barely 
soe,  but  soe  shamefully  to  inform  his  Lo' 
and  make  him  the  instrumente  to  preju- 
dice so  deeply  in  the  graciouse  opinion  of 
his  Ma*^  his  fellow  servant  and  counsel- 
lour,  and  (howbeit  unworthy)  soe  great  a 
minister  in  all  the  mighty  affaires  of  this 
kingdomc.  I  knowe  not  how  his  Lo?  will 
take  to  be  so  delt  withall,  being  thus  made 
the  cundit  pipe  of  soe  foull  and  grosse  an 
untruth,  and  that  to  his  Mu'3^ ;  but  in  such 
a  case  I  should  disdainc  cxfreamly  to  be 
soe  made  use  of,  and  holde  myself  bounde 
to  discover  the  truth,  to  expiate  for  the 
wronge  I  had  dun  in  giving  credit  to  the 
reporter.  And  sure  I  cannot  conceave 
how  any  counsellor  can  priviledge  himself 
from  declaring  the  truthe  in  a  business 
thus  conditioned,  for  God  forbid  we  should 
render  ourselves  patrons  of  such  villanies 
as  these  be,  or  becum  cisternes  wher  such 
foull  odours  as  these  were  to  empty  them- 
selves under  our  saveguards.  It  may  be 
for  the  king's  service  for  us  to  conceale 
the  persons  of  such  as  tell  us  truthes 
which  may  advantage  his  Ma*^<^,  but  it 
would  be  for  his  Ma*''***  disservice  and  our 
owne  dishonour  to  preserve  for  ever  such 
abominable  lies  (?)  as  this  from  justice 
and  condigne  punishment.  As  for  the 
businesse  of  Londonderry,  it  hath  stucke 
long  on  that  side  by  reason  of  sum  great 
pretences  thcr  to  advantage  his  Mi*'**  ser- 
vice and  profitt,  w*^  I  am  affraide  will  iu 
conclusion  loose  the  king  many  thousandes. 
If  any  of  those  persons  understande  more 
of  the  valew  then  myself  It  were  a  great 
shame  for  me ;  and  if  any  be  more  zea- 
louse  to  advance  the  service,  in  good  faith 
I  deserve  to  loose  my  heade;  but  I  am 
extreamly  well  content  his  Ma*-^*  sends  his 
commissioners,  who  on  the  place  will  be 
able  the  best  of  all  to  understande  and 
reporte  it. 

Sure  I  am  they  shall  have  the  uttermost 
I  can  assiste  them  w***,  as  often  as  they 
shall  let  me  see  where  or  how  I  may  be 
of  use  unto  them,  and  soe  it  must  rest  ex- 
pecting ther  cumming  ;  the  sooner  it  is, 
the  better  for  the  king. 

It  would  be  of  much  contentment  unto 
me  if  it  lay  in  my  power  to  doe  you  any 
service  by  my  pen  or  otherwise  to  his 
Ma*^  Believe  me,  S^  I  shall  not  only 
performe  it  with  all  possible  advantadge 
to  yourself,  but  on  all  occasions  industri- 


ously seeke  and  procure  myself  the  meanes 
to  doe  it,  soe  as  might  in  sum  little  shew 
you  the  greate  measure  of  respect  and  good 
intentions  w<^^  I  shall  allwayes  preserve  for 
you,  and  w*^^  shall  allwayes  express  me 
to  be 

Your  most  faithfiill  humble  servant, 

Wentworth. 
Dublin,  24  Decemb.  1638. 

I  wishe  you  may  be  able  to  reade  these 
scribles,  w*^''  I  am  ashamed  of,  but  in  pre- 
sent cannot  better  them. 

When,  two  years  later,  Strafibfd  waa 
called  upon  to  face  tlie  indignation  of 
the  people,  and  answer  for  his  tyran- 
nous niisgovernment  at  the  bar  of  the 
House  of  Lords,  he  was  unable  to  ob- 
tain the  assistance  of  his  friend  Sir 
John  Bankes,  who  had  been  raised  to 
the  Chief  Justiceship  early  in  1640.  In 
that  capacity  Bankes  was  probably  one 
of  the  judges  who  certified  to  the  House 
of  Lords  that  the  acts  laid  to  the  charge 
of  his  friend  the  Lord  Lieutenant 
amounted  in  law  to  the  crime  of  high 
treason. 

When  the  King  withdrew  from 
Westminster  to  York,  and  began  to 
rally  his  friends  around  him  in  martial 
manner,  Bankes  remained  behind,  at 
Westminster,  administering  justice  in 
his  court.  lie  stayed  so  long  that  the 
King*s  friends  began  to  suspect  the 
Chidf  Justice  of  bein^;  a  parliamenta- 
rian. To  clear  himsclt  of  tne  suspicion. 
Sir  John  betook  himself  to  York  the 
moment  the  rumour  reached  him,  and 
thither  most  of  the  new  letters  jmb- 
lished  in  this  book  were  addressed  to 
him.  In  the  same  custody  with  the 
rest  of  these  letters — we  presume  that 
of  Mr.  Bankes  himself — ^are  also,  we 
are  told,  ^^  niany  autoCTaph  copies  of 
letters  of  the  Chief  Justice."  These 
copies  of  letters,  containing  the  an- 
swers to  the  letters  now  published,  the 
other  side  that  is  of  the  question,  could 
scarcely  have  failed  to  be  of  high  his- 
torical value.  Indeed,  the  one  of  them 
which  is  here  published  is  so  valuable 
as  to  make  us  much  regret  that  it 
stands  alone,  especially  when  we  learn 
the  reason  for  the  non-publication  of 
the  remainder.  "Large  portions  of 
these  copies,"  says  Mr.  Bankes,  **  are 
written  in  short-hand,  and  this  of  aa 
ancient  character,  which  is  not  used 
and  little  known  in  the  present  day. 
One  of  these,  being  more  easily  de- 
ciphered than  the  others,  is  here  in« 


BCrteJ."  Wf  can  waure  Mr.  Bankts 
iKnt  if  he  ImJ  coiisulied  proper  per- 
Eons  about  this  "shart-haad  or  an 
nncieiit  cbtirncter,"  one  letter  writtcit 
ia  wliicli  bu  been  olreodj  deciphered, 
wc  on  vexj  oonfi'lciit  there  wouid  not 
have  beeu  found  anj  insuperable  difli- 
culty  either  in  ita  perusal  or  publication. 
The  one  letter  which  it  here  printed 
isbiituricnlly  ver;  important.  It  gives 
a  favourable  impression  of  tbefinuDess 
and  risht-mindedneM  of  the  Chief 
Justice,  Bad  a  dear  insight  into  tita 
stale  of  things  at  York.  Moderate 
counsels,  such  as  those  of  Sir  John 
Bankes,  were  not  in  favour  with  the 
King,  or  witli  the  bot  partisans  of  in- 
dignant rojaltj  by  nbom  his  Mujestj 
was  aurroundcd.  Tbej  lon-^I  for 
another  Slraflbrd  ;  and  it  needed  no 
little  Grmueis  and  patriotism  to  adhere 
[u  the  monureh  in  spite  of  the  dis- 
couragement nud  offence  with  wliioU 
he  hiinaelf  visited  ibe  friends  to  mode- 
ration and  measures  of  conciliation. 
But  the  letter  will  speak  fur  itself: 
G,  Gbrek,  Eaaa. 
Good  Mr.  Green,— Vour  letter  dsted 
i;th  Ma/,  1  rccnfcl  xid  Hoc  spprove 
jour  idtii^e,  if  it  could  be  effected,  but  ho 
JoDg  SI  llicre  be  these  minj  differences, 
bctwccD  the  King  and  tbe  Houses  of  Par- 
liament, I  doe  not  SDc  it  possibte  to  draw 
him  neerer,  and  the  ramonsCranee*  whereof 
fan  writ  aod  the  aeverall  declaritioiii, 
■iiiwercs,  and  rei<lies  between  the  Kin; 
anil  the  housaei  heretofori'  mnilr,  hms 
laVen  u|i  oiucb  time,  (lublith  oar  rfiHer- 
Biices  to  (orripi  stain,  occuion' eiasjierj. 
tioas  sad  Diisundenlaadinga.  anil  instead 
of  cariug  tbe  malliliei  ef  the  Cummon- 
wcaltb  make  the  wounds  deeper  and  wider : 
and  the  puting  in  of  the  mitilia  in  execu- 
tion in  the  Suutli  ninkes  the  King  Ihiake 
of  laidi  for  his  person,  and  of  having  of 
horse  and  loot  in  readiness,  as  four  Com- 
mitiees  hsTe  informed  you  ;  it  grietes  mjr 
hitt  to  see  tbeae  distractions  ;  I  have  ad- 
wnlured  far  to  speak  mjr  mind  frsclji  ae- 
cordiog  to  mjr  caDseieace,  and  what  baaard* 
I  hava  runne  of  tbe  King's  iiidignsiion  ia 
a  high  meainre,  jou  will  brare  by  others  i 
all  men  givr  not  the  saioe  sdiice,  and 
tthm  former  eauntells  are  rooted,  others 
eonnielU  vaoiu  lou  lali: :  beeie  <■  xi^'er' 
^slrpnt^sbedincwdeclBnlioD  in  annware 
ta  tlw  llonsea'  declaralion,  toiirhing  Ihe 
nlHtiai  beers  be  warrant*  sent  forlb  oom- 
msndbig  fenllEDitn  and  olben  to  sppeai 
In  eqnipagr,  which  I  protest  I  did  never 
sen  nor  hear  of  nntill  tbe;  were  printed, 
and  tbe  rnolaliot)  touching  tbe  sdjoarning 


of  the  Trinity  (enne  was  past  before  my 
coming  (o  York,  and  when  I  heard  of  it 
I  gave  divers  renoiis  sgsinst  it,  but  they 
prevailed  not.  I  sm  h«re  in  a  very  bird 
coadilion,  where  1  may  be  mined  both 
wsya. 

The  King  is  eitremely  offended  with 
me  touching  the  militia;  saith  that  I  ihunld 
lime  performed  the  part  of  an  boneat  niao 
in  protesting  against  the  illegjUly  of  tbe 
ordinsnce;  eommindi  me  upon  myatlegi- 
■nec,  yet  to  do  it.  1  have  giien  him  my 
opinion  on  il.  1  have  told  him  it  is  not 
safe  for  me  to  deliier  enie  opinion  En 
things  which  are  voted  in  llie  Iioiusea. 
YoD  icaow  liow  eeuitoua  I  bate  been  h) 
this  psrticnlsr  ;  I  have  studied  nil  mesncs 
which  way  matters  may  be  breoght  to  a 
good  conduaion  between  the  King  and  tbe 
hoDsses,  all  bigb  wsyes  and  wayes  of  toree 
will  be  diiCrnclive ;  and  If  ae  should  have 
civill  warre,  it  would  make  us  a  miaerable 
people,  and  might  introduce  foreign  povreis ; 
therefore,  there  is  no  other  ws;  left  hut 
tbe  way  oracoomiDodstiun,  that  the  bousaci 
would  set  down  their  desires  timl  they 
would  fla  upon,  and  what  tbry  will  doe 
for  tbe  King  in  big  revenoe  ;  sod  the  Kin| 
to  eipresse  what  be  desires  to  be  done  for 
hint ;  and  these  things  being  in  treaty  may 
be  a  good  motive  for  the  Kiog  lo  return 
»itb  more  boour  to  his  Parliaiuent,  wberis 

all  thing)  may  be  enacted  without  distrast 
of  cither  side  ;  and  though  tbe  time  nay 
seem  uofavonrable  now  during  these  dis- 
tractions, yet  aoe  time  is  nnseasJnabte  to 
prevent  great  mifebieriandincanveniencea, 
and  the  Parlism^nt  being  the  King's  great 
counsell  Is  moat  proper  to  do  it  i  and  it 
batii  been  my  daily  endeavour  and  earnest 
solicilatioB  with  hi)  Msjoilie  to  Induce 
busineas  Into  Ibis  way,  and  some  of  yonr 
Commillee  have  told  me  that  it  was  tho 
parpoae  of  yonr  house  to  send  down  pro- 
positians  to  this  porposo,  whJeh  1  wish  ■ 
may  be  speedily  done  whilst  I  am  beere, 
and  that  tbey  might  be  so  reasonable  aa 
that  there  might  be  no  jnst  cause  of  et- 
cepCion  against  them  ;    it  eanoot  be  U- 

Cted  thit  they  csn  be  beere  delenslaed, 
tbey  may  be  put  Into  a  wsy. 

1  have  htere  dealt  cleefly  and  plain)* 
with  you,  and  I  dout  uet  but  yau  wtU 
make  a  good  use  oFit;  llie  King  Is  plensed 
still  to  bate  me,  but  bow  be  will  barken 
nnto  me  nnd  be  persusdrd  by  me  t  leave 
that  to  God ;  the  hart  of  tbe  King  is  In 
the  bands  of  the  Lord,  whom  I  beaccdi 
to  direct  us  all,  and  so  with  ay  bartle 
affcelions  to  youcaalfe,  I  rest 

Yonr  sssarod  fsitfalVil  Criend   to  sen* 

Jo.  U. 
Yufk,  21  Msy,  IStS.  st  night. 
This  day  ISS  gentlemen  of  Yorkshire 


1853.] 


Sir  John  Banker's  Correnpnndence. 


61 


■p]xiri]  with  their  hotsei,  and  about  flO 

gitter'd  ;  the  Prince  in  csptaine,  and   Sir 
J  DO.  BfroD  ii  lieulcnant. 

Sir  John  Bunkes's  Iplter  abowa  the 
uncertainties  and  diviaions  amongst 
those  wbo  were  with  the  King.  He 
writes  with  the  caudon  of  experience, 
but  it  ia  evitleut  that  the  Kin^  wiu  in 
no  humour  to  beur  hoaeat  advice ;  naj, 
that  be  was  "  extremely  offended"  with 
even  the  beat  of  his  friends  who  ac- 
knowledged the  constitutional  autho- 
rity of  the  parliament.  It  is  aUo  evi- 
dent that  he  was  aurruunded  bycoun- 
Bollors  who  verified  to  the  full  the 
adase  of  "  many  men,  many  minds." 
At  this  very  time,  unknown  to  Bankes, 
unknown  to  all  the  world,  bis  Alnjcdty 
WHS  «ctinff  under  the  secret  adviue  of 
Ilyde,  who  held  neither  office  nor 
authority  which  entitled  him  to  counsel 
his  sovereign,  or  which  made  him  re- 
■ponaible  for  the  rcaults  of  his  advice. 
Turn  we  now  from  the  one  party  to 
the  other,  from  Yoi'k  to  Weatmioster. 
The  following  ore  letters  all  written 
in  that  very  same  month  of  May  1 642, 
by  men  of  the  highest  station  amongst 
those  opposed  to  the  King.  The  first 
ii  from  the  Earl  of  Northumberland, 
the  head  of  the  Fercies,  the  Lord  High 
Admiral,  a  man  whose  feelings  were 
U  essentially  aristocratical  as  his  pu- 
■ition.     Thus  he  writes: 


tbu 


Baslo 


Noai 


Mt  Lord. — You  being  in  a  place  Khere 
I  hope  yoar  wise  and  modents  counuells 
maj  contribote  towards  the  eompoaure  of 
our  unhappie  diHcrences.  mikci  me  dc- 
ciniui  a  little  to  eiprease  my  lease  unto 
yoor  La'.  It  is  too  ipparent  that  Deicher 
King  Dor  Pailament  are  without  rears  and 
jealaasim;  Ibeone  oDiaiing  his  autboritie 
■ad  just  rights  invaded,  the  other  of  laoie- 
ing  IhaC  libertie  which  free  borne  sobjecls 
ought  to  eajoj,  and  the  laws  of  the  land 
do  allow  us.  The  alteration  of  govern- 
ment is  apprehended  on  both  sides ;  we 
believe  that  IhoHt  persoas  wbo  are  most 
powerful  with  the  King  do  entlrvor  to 
bring  Parlaments  to  inch  a  condition  that 
thejr  ihill  only  be  made  iDStrumenU  to 
execute  (he  comnnnda  of  the  King,  who 
were  established  for  his  greateal  and  muat 
lupreime  council.  1  dare  aiy  it  la  farre 
from  our  (lioughta  to  change  the  Torins  of 
goTerniueDt.  Co  invade  upon  the  King's 
Juft  prerogaCiTe,  or  to  leave  him  unpro- 
vided of  as  plentifuU  a  revenoe  as  either 
be  or  anj  of  his  nredece 

GWT.  MiO-Vor    "^^ 


injojed.  This,  I  am  confident,  will  be 
niBde  miinifesC  if  the  Kiug  please  but  to 
grant  some  few  humble  desires  of  ours, 

him.  hsd  we  not  rEceaved  so  many  inter- 
ruptions by  the  birshe  meassges  sent  froin 
bis  Ma'r  to  liis  Parlament ;  God  forbid 
that  either  King  or  Parlament  should  by 
power  and  force  goe  aboQt  to  cure  the 
present  distecnpers,  for  that  course  can 
prodoce  nothing  but  miaerie,  if  not  niine, 
both  to  King  and  people.  We  are  very 
sensible  of  that  high  breacbe  of  priviledge  I 
in  reFusingthe  memben  of  oaronuehouse  | 
to  cODie  when  wa  send  for  Ihem,  which  !• 
an  indigniiie  not  suffered  by  any  inferiot 
Coorl,  and  for  this  contempt  we  have  or- 
derd  that  the  Lord  Savill  shall  be  excluded 
r  sitting  in  our  bouse  dureing 

long  troubled  your  Lo'.  and 
shall  therefore  end  this  letter  w""  auor. 
ance  of  my  being 

Yoor  Loi"  faithful!  freind  and  servant, 

A.  NoBTUDMBSRI-aND. 

London,  May  19,1642. 

It  would  be  difficult  to  state  the  po- 
sition of  the  two  opposing  parties  more 
accurately  or  more  clearly  than  is  here 
done  by  Lord  Northumberland.  Each 
is  full  of  jealousy.  The  king  feara  that 
if  he  submits  to  the  parliament,  his 
authority  and  iuat  prerogalivea  will  be 
diminished ;  the  parliament,  reading 
the  future  in  the  history  of  the  paat,  is 
apprehensive  that,  without  gooJ  secu- 
rities from  the  king,  they  will  lose  "that 
liberty  which  free-born  subjects  ought 
to  enjoy,  and  the  laws  of  the  land 
allow?'  Never  was  the  solenm  point 
in  dispute  more  pluinly  stated,  fur- 
thermore, the  parliament,  observing  the 
conduct  of  the  king  and  the  character 
of  his  advisers,  infers  that  those  per- 
sons who  are  moat  ponerliil  with  nim 
seek  to  make  parhaments,  not  what 
the  constitution  prescribes,  the  kinu'i 
"  greatest  and  most  supreme  council," 
but  what  Cbarlea  hod  throughout  hia 
reign  evidently  wished  them  to  be,  and 
dtsHolvcd  them  as  soon  as  they  took 
upon  them  to  be  anything  else — "  in- 
struments to  execute  the  commands  of 
the  king."  Such  is  the  Earl  of  Nor- 
thumberland'h  opinion  of  the  state  of 
things  which  bad  brought  the  machi- 
nery of  government  almost  to  a  dead* 
lock. 

The  next  person  who  writes  is  Den- 
tit  Holies,  Strafford's  brother- in -law, 
unquestionably  a  moderate  man,  but  a 
lover  of  liberty ;  what  says  he  ? 


362 


Sir  John  Bankea't  Corretpondfttet 


To  my   banonreUe  frend  S'  JonH 

Dankks,  K»*.,  Lord  Chief  Jiutico 

of  the  Common  Plni. 

Tbia  letter  wu  ttrittm  on  the  tibia  of 

the  House  of  CommuDB  wbiUt  *  debate 

wu  in  progreu  there-* 

Mjr  Lord,— Though  the  measenger  ba 
»ei7  htsty,  I  muil  mnWc  liim  ttaj  to  curry 
along  my  most  iilTectiannte  thsncks  for 
yoUT  noble  Rare  ot  me,  Istting  me  know 
irh«t  interprelQtii 


I  ahull  gira  yonr  Lo^  r  utiibclor;  ac- 
count, letting  TO"  know  in  what  tmus  and 
upon  what  oecuion  fuch  an  eiprcmion 
fell  from  me,  which  wa«  Ibii  i — When  we 
were  to  aead  y<  Committcei  into  York- 
ihire,  I  movEd  they  might  lirn  addresie 
themselies  to  the  K',  w°'  was  ilroagly 
op|io)Bd  by  loniF,  and  with  Tloleace,  who 
■  Ditle  too  bitterly  glanced  at  me,  am  ir  I 
JntendFil  eome  onderhand  aecomodntion ; 
whereupon  1  stood  up  end  raid  that  I 
knew  not  what  they  meant  by  tuch  an 
acooitiodation,  if  it  wna  a  complying  and  a 
gMing  lelK.  and  a  departlni;  from  onr 
poaoda.  ai  if  wee  bad  done  aonivthing 
that  wee  could  not  justify,  I  abhorred  the 
thought  ofit;  but  if  it  waaagood  under- 
flandiug  belweene  the  K.'  and  the  Parla- 
meut,  it  waf  that  which  tnyaelf  and  ever; 
gond  man  did  drsire  more  than  bii  own 
life  ;  and  Ihit  I  dor  a§aureyo'  Lnv  was  the 
anbstanoe  of  whnt  1  laid,  and  I  thincli  the 
Terj  word*,  of  w°'  I  give  yon  thii  awonnt 
beeaoee  I  will  aalisfj  you  as  niy  noble 
frend,  otbenrig«  it  Is  ordinary  to  me,  nor 
duth  it  at  all  trouhle  me  to  bo  miareported. 
By  what  1  send  here  enclosed  yo*  Lo' 
Mwa  upon  what  termes  wee  stand,  how  far 
from  what  yon  with  in  your  letter,  yet  am 
1  oonGdcnt  the  Parlameut  will  moat  readily 
Met  iUelfat  the  K''  feet  with  all  fsilbfull 
and  loyall  aobmisBion.  upon  the  first  ap. 
pearance  of  change  in  his  MaT,  tliat  lie 
will  forsake  those  eounselU  which  carry 
him  on  to  BO  high  a  dislike  and  opposition 
to  their  prooeedings  by  miapoasming  him- 
>Blf  of  them.  Beliere  it,  my  Lord,  wm 
■hall  erer  be  (kithfutl  and  affeotionale  to 
bia  royal  penon,  though  wm  follow  that 
dictate  ot  natore  whioh  makea  ui  proride 
tof  our  safety,  and  of  oar  duty  to  take 
oare  of  the  common  wealth,  w<^  hath  en- 
trusted an,  and  this  but  o^insl  the  coin- 
mun  enemies  ot  K*  and  Parlament  and 
people,  wha,  by  insinuating  into  hi*  Ma'T, 
would  diride  him  from  his  ParUment  and 
people,  and  make  them  dmtroy  one  ano- 
ther, I  beaeoh  yuDr  Lo>  j-ardon  this  baslj 
aoilbbla,  written  upon  y*  clerck*  deik,  not 


to  loae  thia  opportunity,  which  ahatl  mM^ 
tell  you  one  tnilb  i  -.-■---  ' 
met  will  be, 

Yonr  L"  faitbfnll  and  moit  afeol 


Westminster,  Zlst  May,  1043. 

The  tone  of  Holies  ia  entirphr  in  h»r- 

mony  with  that  of  Lord  NorthumbeT- 
Innd.  All  notion  of  "  accommodation" 
fuuiided  upon  submiaaion  Ja  scouted. 
The  poriiament  hss  done  notliing  but 
wbst  it  can  iuitify.  If  the  king  wiH 
not  discard  bia  false  advieers.  nntare 
dictates  lliat  the  parlisinent  ahould 
provide  for  their  own  aalely,  «nd  datj 
that  they  Khould  take  care  of  the  cum- 
monwealth. 

The  third  letter  is  from  the  Earl  of 

Essex,  the  siibKiiueitt  parliiimBntarT 

'    "  '  diet-  " 


general.  Essex  w 


a  hail  letter-writer. 


fit  to  arbilmte  between  king  and  pw- 
lianient  at  nuch  a  juncture,  but  hewM 
"the  darling  of  the  swordmen,"  Hid 
the  only  man  of  rank  in  the  imrtj  who 
had  had  any  eiticrieDCe  in  warlike 
aShirg.  His  oiiinion  wa«  therefore  of 
weight,  anil  thus  he  states  it  in  his 
rude  blunt  way : — 
Far  my  honoruhle  Trend  S'  Joan  Bakcei 

I«Ho  CitBif  JuBTis  of  the  Commoa 

Pleas,  and  one  of  hil  Maj"'  most  honr. 

able  prive  ConceL 

My  Lo,— What  eipTesrionsatanytynw 
1  ahijl  mack,  I  hope  I  aball  never  want 
an  honnnt  harttomackgoud.espotiallf  to 
you,  who*  I  am  conhdeat  is  toe  fall  of 
honor  and  juitis.  The  great  misfortuaca 
'    threaten   this   kiugdoe  '     ' 


upon  I 


1  I;  foi 


my 


perdculermy  conacienneaaHin  mce  I  haTC 
Doe  ends  of  mj  owne,  but  what  may  tend 
to  the  pohliok  good  of  the  King  and  king- 
dom, which  shall  bee  my  dayly  praysra. 
ami  whenaoeieT  that  hi^rpj  day  shall  tp- 
pssrc,  the  world  may  juilg  of  mee  by  my 
actions,  for  the  height  of  ii>y  ambj^on  and 
desires  ia.  to  lead  a  quiM  and  retired  Iftt 
I  know  non«  but  must  abhor  thii  diCoi^ 
ence  betwcwn  bit  Ma"'  and  the  Parlemnit. 
but  delinijuents,  papiits,  and  men  that  de- 
liar  to  nuuk  their  (ortuoa  by  the  trouble* 
of  Che  land.  My  lo.  ray  dealer  ia  that  yoa 
will  judge  him  by  hia  actions,  that  is. 
Your  Lo""  faytbfull  frend  to  be  oom- 


B,thii31"'0f  May.  IC42. 


1853.] 


iSiV  John  BankeiU  Correspondence, 


Sir  John  Dnnkes  answered  the  letter 
of  Lord  Northumberland  which  we 
have  quoted,  but  the  answer  is  not 
pabltsttcdt  It  is  nmonoBt  the  letlci-s 
written  in  the  ancient  Bhort-hnnd  be- 
fore alluded  to.  Wichout  thul  answer 
bow  is  it  possible  to  form  a  judgmeot 
upon  hord  Northumberltuid's  rejoin- 
derF  it  i«hereprinIed,but,ot' course, 
without  seeing  the  letter  to  which  it 
distinctly  alludes,  and  on  which  it  is 
founded,  all  judgment  upon  it  is  use- 
less and  would  be  unfitir.  One  passage 
in  it  was  evidenttj  written  with  aa  ac- 
curate prescience  of  what  would  be  the 
results  of  a  citII  war :— "  If  our  for- 
tunes be  to  fall  to  troubles,  I  am  sure 
few — ExcBrmta  thh  KmQ  uiusslt — 
will  suffer  mare  than  I  shall  do." 

AiiDlbcr  letter  of  Sir  John  Bankes, 
which  is  not  printed,  woa  followed  hy 
a  third  letter  from  tlie  Earl  of  Nor- 
thumberland, which  deserves  notice  on 
nianj  grounds,  but  cannot  be  fully  un- 
derstood without  seeing  the  letter  to 

There  is  also  a  letter  from  Lord 
Wharton,plaInandsen»ib]e,and9trong- 
ly  negativing  any  private  ends  in  the 
course  taken  by  the  parliament.  But 
the  letter  which,  most  of  all,  one  would 
have  liked  to  have  seen  properly  pub- 
lijtbed,  ifl  from  Lord  Say  and  Sele. 
Many  are  the  charges  levelled  against 
him,  what  has  he  to  say  in  his  deliince? 
The  letter  is  in  Mr.  nankes's  possea- 
nion,  and  is  professedly  printed  in  the 
bookbt'foreus,  but  with  so  many  blanks 
for  words  and  Ihies  omitted,  on  the 
score  of  their  being  illegible,  that  the 
letter  ia  altogether  worthless.  Sense 
cannot  be  made  of  it.  That  the  pas- 
sages otnitled  are  really  illegible,  we 
uuist  say  we  cannot  moulude  upon  the 
mere  authority  of  Mr.  Bankes.  Ue 
should  lose  no  tame  in  banding  over 
the  papers  to  some  competent  person 
aocustomcd  to  the  work  of  publishing 
old  douoments.  Aa  a  modem  lawyer 
such  publication  is  not  nt  all  in  his  way, 
and  he  may  be  excused  for  not  being 
up  to  work  of  the  kind.  But  let  him 
rt-'meniber  that  these  papers  arc  a  pub- 
liu  trust.  The  characters  of  historical 
men,  and  the  history  of  the  nation, 
dcpoud  ujion  the  accuracy  with  which 
they  are  published.  Having  put  them 
forth  be  IS  bound  to  see  them  printeij 


363 

accurately,  not  didR^ured  and  rendered 
valueless  by  long  biaiuses,  which  we 
will  venture  to  say  persons  practised 
in  the  perusal  of  ofd  writiugs  would 
find  little  difficulty  in  filling  up.  At 
any  event  Lord  Say  and  Selc  did  not 
write  in    an   ancient   unknown   short 

Mr.  Bankes  docs  not  attempt  to  give 
us  any  character  of  his  ancestor  Sir 
John ;  nnil  all  tbnt  he  can  tell  us  about 
the  Rrst  Siege  of  Corfo  is  comprised  in 
an  extract  trom  what  he  terms  "the 
welt-known  diurnal  of  the  day,  >Th« 
McrcuriuB  RusLicus,' "  which  we  beg 
to  assure  him  was  no  "diurnal  af  the 
day  "  or  of  any  davj  but  a  violonl  sulj- 
aequcntparty  publication  of  littie  credit 
when  unsupported  by  other  testimony. 
Of  the  second  siege  we  learn  still  less. 
Sumo  few  curious  particulars  occur 
of  the  proper^  lost  on  the  plunder  of 
the  castle  and  the  endeavours  made 
alter  the  restoration  for  its  recovery, 
but  the  Touts  are  all  huddled  tugethei' 
in  a  way  which  is  far  from  being  satis- 
factory. 

We  regret  to  Iw  obliged  to  speak  so 
disparagingly  of  a  book  of  this  kind. 
But  in  proportion  to  our  acute  sense 
of  the  value  of  die  pa^rs  of  Sir  John 
Bankes  is  our  diaappointment  in  find- 
ing them  thrown  away  by  such  im- 
perfect editorship.  It  is  said  of  Sir 
John  Bankes  that,  though  ready  with- 
out his  books  on  the  bcncli,  vet  he 
always  resolved  cases  out  of  tbetn  in 
his  chamber.  His  descendant  should 
bear  the  ol»ervation  in  mind.  He  may 
be  OS  ready  and  otThand  as  he  pleases 
on  the  hustings,  at  county  meetings,  or 
in  the  House  of  Commons  ;  but  wlien 
he  takes  upon  bim  to  doal  with  a 
matter  which  depends  upou  research 
and  knowledge  of  authonues,  he  must 
turn  to  his  books  and  "resolve  the 
case  out  of  them."  If  he  shews  him- 
self to  be  imperfectly  aci{usinted  with 
the  use  of  the  necessary  materials ;  if 
he  throws  together  extracts  from  mere 
common-place  'writers  without  cri- 
ticism and  without  research ;  ifhedenls 
improperly  with  valuable  documenia 
which  tlie  accideat  of  his  position  has 
thrown  into  his  handa,  he  can  never 
pro<luce  a  satisfactory  book.  Ill  any 
case,  it  Is  our  business  to  let  the  public 
know  the  truth. 


THE  engrsvJDB  now  submitted  to 
our  renders,  m  »  fitting  illustntinn  of 
the  following  Memoriali!,  prcscnta  a, 
view,  it  is  beliered  fur  llie  first  time, 
of  the  "  stormy  Rubcrslaw,"  famous  in 
Scotish  song  and  Scotish  story ;  and 
for  ever  classic,  as  the  source  nbenee 
the  nuthnr  of  "The  Seasons"  drew  his 
earliest  inspiration.  This  swarthy  hill, 
which  reacbes  an  elevation  of  1430  feet, 
in  liluated  partly  in  the  parish  of  Hob- 
kirk  and  partly  m  Cavers  and  Kirklon. 
IlMlf  remarkable,  it  is  all  the  more  so, 
f^om  being  the  centre  of  many  lustrous 
aceocs.  On  its  right  in  Duiiholm  deau, 
celebrnted  by  Leyden  (who  was  bom 
at  its  base) ;  and  on  its  left  is  the  vale 
of  tlie  winding  Hule.  Behiixl  it  to  the 
north  are  seen  the  Kildoo  hills,  the 
Blackhill,  and  the  "Cowdenknnwcs:" 
and  more  remotely  Smailholm  Tower, 
Hume  Castle,  and  the  low  dark  sky- 
line of  the  Lammermbora.  From  a 
peculiarity  of  climate,  Ruberslaw  olYcn 
nssumcs  a  very  grand  and  even  start- 
lin);  Btipenrance.  Viewcil  in  autumn 
I'rom  the  south  side  of  the  Eildons,  the 
whnle  surface  of  Teriotdule  seems  one 
continuous  sheet  of  fog,  above  which 
rises  the  gleaming  top  of  the  hill,  the 
blinding  sunlJ^'ht  of  the  tky  mean- 
while aimting  through  and  rullingnway. 


many  a  fantastic  diape,  the  gathered 


We  have  anid  that  liubersUw  is 
memorable  iu  ^c<itish  story.  It  is  ao 
in  oneof  ila  bloodiest  and  saddest  pages- 
Its  hollow  dells  nnd  rocky  recesses  were 
the  "  hiding- plaees  "  of  the  persecuted 
Covenanters ;  and  upon  its  weird  sam- 
mit  tradition  still  points  out  the  stotie 
upon  which  the  martyr-preacher,  Alex- 
ander Peden,  laid  hia  Bible  when  he 
poured  forth  his  Haiuitless  and  Bery 
"message"  to  our  enger -listening  and 
neht-hearted  forefathers.  We  find  tbe 
following  incident  of  the  dread  "kill- 
ing-time" in  connection  with  Uubers- 
law  in  the  nuaint  Memoirs  of  George. 
Brysson,  puolisbed  bv  the  lal«  Dr. 
M'Crie  :— 

On  ■  time  (aays  the  pious  antobfo- 
grspher)  Mr.  Joha  Welsh  wis  ptearhios 
in  nor  country  on  a  treek-dsy.  There 
were  ■rieral  of  us  cnnicyeil  him  into  Te- 
tioldsle,  where  we  werr  lo  hrat  sermon 
on  Sabbath  after,  at  a  hill  catltd  Htiiiitrt- 
laie,  where  we  were  beset  by  the  enemy, 
in  time  nf  sermon,  there  cnming  a  com- 
piny  ef  horse  and  a  company  of  foot, 
conimsBded  by  the  KarlsoF  Dallioasia  and 
Airly,  who  surroanded  the  mannt,  aod 
sent  in  word  to  digmiai  or  they  wonid  fait 
upon  us.  We  told  them  we  were  met  for 
the  worshigi  of  God  in  the  fields,  bung 


1853.]  The  AhAov  of"  The  Seiuoju: 

deprived  of  the  kirki,  and  «e  would  dis- 


I^BllD  t( 


and  alio  weU-Brmed,  Ibey  left  Q9.* 

But  we  bnve  at  present  to  do  vith 
Ruberslawas  Associated  wi  tli  the  author 


The  first  of  our  Memorials  is  a 
liitherlo  ineitited  and  onlj  famtifvlf 
known  letter,  addreiaed  hy  Tniimson 
to  his  frieod  Cmtiatoun.  In  this  letter 
tliere  ia  an  interesting  reference  to 
Kiccalloun,  and  to  tlic  puciii  of  "  A 
Winter's  Day,"  recently  ri'printed, 
with  annotations,  in  this  Alagnzine.t 

The  annofatioDs  of  Mr.  Cunning- 
hum,  a  wunhy  son  of  bis  distin'fuiahvd 
father,  are  unfortunately  wholly  erro- 
neous. This  we  bIiuII  show,  in  llm 
most  fricnilly  spirit,  immediately. 

The  letter  whii:h  is  now  subuiitled 
lo  our  readers  is  taken  froru  "  Tlia 
Kelso  Mail"  of  April  13th,  17!)7.;  The 
original  ia  lost.  Some  years  allor  its 
appearance  in  the  "  Mail,"  the  son  of 
its  poeessor  went  to  London  and  took 
it  with  him,  where  ho  lucklessly  letl  it 
at  atavero, and  itnerer  was  recovered, 
nor  could  it  be  learned  what  became 
of  it.  The  copy  appears  to  have  been 
made  with  scrupnlous  fidelity,  so  that 
the  loss  of  the  nnlogra|ih  is  the  less  to 
be  regretted.  From  an  intrmluctory 
notice,  written  by  Mr.  James  Ballnn- 
trne,  in  presenting  it  lo  the  readers  of 
the  Kelso  Midi,  wc  are  supplied  with 
the   following  particulars  of  its  dis- 


DOCTO 


Craj 


I  this 


la  adiiresfted,  appv 
the  compaoion  of  the  early  youth,  and  the 
confidant  of  the  mature  life,  of  Thomson. 
He  was  son  of  the  gentlemaa  who  was 
then  DiiDUler  of  Anorom,  on  whou;  death 
Mr.  John  Cranstoun.  another  of  his  sods, 
incceedcd  to  that  office.  Dr.  Cranstoun 
hniag  died  soon  after  his  father,  all  hii 
pa{>en  fell  into  the  bandi  o(  his  brother. 
who  liied  to  an  adianced  tge 


of  Aoc 


i  froi 


the 


period  of  hi>  death  the  pteseot  letter  lay 
nn  noli  ceil  aDiongal  lumber  tdl  lately,  when 


deioted  by  her  to  the  porpose  of  packing 
caadleslicks,  which  w 
be  dcbanged.     The  per 
and*  it    thus    Fell    (Mr.  Willian 
Muir,  junior,  copperamUb,  KbIio)  fortun- 
ately discovered  its  value,  and  has  oblig- 
ingly fuminhed  ns  with  it  on  tbe  jiresont 
oceasion.    The  cony  we  have  tgkeu,  and 
which   is   now  sabjoined.  is    exact    and 
literal  j    the  spelling,    punctuation,   and 
even  tbe  errors  of  tbe  ori^iOBl,  being  scra- 
palonsly  preserved.      It  Is  wilhoul  date, 
but  from  the  uost-UMrk  It  tetna  to  have 
been  writicn  from  Bainct. 

D.  Sr,— I  would  chide  yon  for  the  slack- 
aeii  of  yuur  correspondenee  i  but,  having 
blamed  you  wroDgeouely  last  time,  1  shall 
say  nothing,  'till  I  hear  from  yon,  whieb 
t  hope  will  be  soon. 

Ther's  a  little  bosiness  I  would  commu- 
nicate to  joo,  befor  I  come  to  tbe  more 
enteitaining  part  of  our  correspondence. 

I'm  going  (hard  tstk  !)  to  compliin.  and 
beg  your  asaiitance. — WLen  I  came  up 
here.  1  brought  tery  little  money  along 
w'  me ;  expecting  some  more,  upon  the 
selling  of  Widehopc,  which  was  lo  have 
been  sold  that  day  my  oiotber  was  buried. 
Now  'tis  unsold  yet  i  but  will  be  disposed 
of,  as  loon,  as  it  can  be  conveniently  done; 
tho  indeed,  'tis  perplexed  w'  some  diffi- 
catties.  I  was  a  loag  time  here  living 
Bit  my  own  chains,  and  you  know  how 
eipensive  that  is  ;  this,  together  with  the 
furnishing  of  myself  w'  cloaths,  liunens, 
one  thing  and  another,  fc  JItl  mr  for  any 
buhnni,  of  Ihii  nalnre  Atre,  necetsarly 
obiidg'd  me  lo  contract  lomc  debt,  being 
a  stranger  here,  'tis  a  wonder  how  I  got 
any  credit ;  but  1  cant  expect  twill  be 
long  sustain'd,  unless  I  immediately  clear 

My  freinds  have  no  money  lo  send  me, 
till  the  land  is  sold :  and  my  creditors  will 
not  wait  till  then — you  know  whai  the 
coasequeDces  would  be— now  tbe  oseisl- 
auce  I  would  beg  of  you,  and  which  I 
know,  if  in  your  power,  you  won't  rEfnse 

cbani,  banker,  or  such  like  person  in 
London,  for  the  matter  of  twelve  pound  ; 
till  I  get  money,  upon  the  selling  of  tbe 
land,  which  I'm,  att  last,  certain  off.  it 
you  could  either  give  it  me  yourself,  or 
procure  it ;  tho  you  dont  owe  it  to  my 
merit,  yet,  you  owe  it  to  your  own  natore, 
which  I  know  so  well  as  to  asy  no  mote 
on  the  rohject ;  onty  allow  me  to  add, 
that,  when  1  first  fell  upon  such  a  project 

with  other  NarratiTes,  \f.     By  Dr.  McCtic 


L 


*  Memoirs  of  Vcitch  and  Brysson 
1  «ol.Svo.  less,  pp.  ^1-82. 

t  April  1853,  p.  368. 

t  Wo  beg  to  return  oor  best  thanks  to  the  present  eiUtor  of  this  able  journal  for  his 
courteous  attention  in  favouring  US  with  a  transoripl  of  the  letter,  on  application. 


366 


Tkt  Author  of"  The  Sensoiu." 


[Oct 


(tbfl  001;  thing  t  hare  For  ft  tn  my 
drmmBtance*}  knoving  the  lelHsl 
muiF  torapor  of  the  genvmlilj, 
world  :  JOD  were  the  finC  pen* 
DfTered  lo  mj  thoughta.  M  one,  10  < 
had  the  conGdeoce  lo  moke  euch  an  ad- 


fuling  of  the  year,     now  I  Hgur 
dertD^^  philcnophicnl,  and  peiui 

leivea  ru«tle  uuder  yonr  (eet 
giTcs  ■  EarsHGll  parting  glmi 


■hen  again,  when  thi  h^arDi  wear  ■  more 
gloomr  aipect,  the  wind*  whiitir,  and  the 
•lalen  apout.  1  see  ;oii  in  the  well-iiDOiTD 
Cleugh,  beneith  Ilie  eoleinn  arch  of  tall, 
thiek.  embowriag  trees,  liatning  lo  the 
amnaing  lull  of  the  many  itecp,  man- 
gTuwn  cucadcB  ;  while  deep,  divine,  coa- 
lemplation,  the  genini  oF  the  |>lace, 
prompt!  each  sneliing  awFoll  thouiiht. 
I'm  anre.  yon  would  not  reaign  your  part 
in  diat  acene  att  an  caay  rate,  none  ere 
enjoy'd  it  to  the  height  you  do,  and  yoo're 
worthy  of  it.  Iher  I  walk  in  spiril  and 
diaport  in  ita  hclofcd  gloom,  this  country, 
I  am  in,  is  not  very  entertAining.  no  va- 
riety but  that  of  wooda.  and  them  we  hare 
jD  abundance,  but  where  U  the  living 
itream  ?  the  airy  mountiiiD  ?  and  the  hang- 
ing rock  ?  with  twenty  other  thing*  that 
eleganlly  pleaae  the  lover  of  uolure  ?  Ne- 
tare  delighti  me  in  every  form,  I  am  jual 
now  painting  her  In  her  moil  lumbrioBa 


>hu-     but  1  drop  it  in  when  e'er  ■aoltaer  ftney 
the      cornea  croaa. 
it  1  beliie  it  had  been  much  more  for  yonr 

I  entertainment,  if  in  thia  letter  I  h&d  ot«d 
other  people  irutcad  of  myself:  bat  I  miW 
refer  that  'till  another  time.  If  yon  hare 
not  Keen  i(  already,  I  have  jnat  now  in  my 
hands  an  otiginal  of  S*  Alexander  Braod'a 
(Ihe  crai'd  Seoti  Knight  w'  the  woAll 
connlenaDfe]  yon  would  reliah.  1  betlTe  it 
might  make  Mia  John  catdi  hold  oF  his 
knees,  which  1  take  in  him  lo  be  a  degne 
of  mirth,  only  inferiour.  lo  Falliog  back 
again  with  an  elastic  apring.  'I»  lery 
{here  a  iBord  u  obliltrated)  printed  in  the 
cieningpoat;  ao,  perhapi  yon  have  ma 
tlieie  panenrica  of  our  declining  Ban)  i 
one  on  tbe  Princeases  birthday  :  the  Mher 
on  hia  Mojeaty'a  In  {otiileraled)  cantoa: 
they're  written  in  the  spirit  oF  a  complJ> 
CBted  craiiineas, 

I  waa  in  London  lately  a  night ;  and  in 
the  old  playhouae  aaw  a  comedy  aotcd. 
Lone  matet  a  Man,  or  Ihe  FOp't  Poriunr, 
where  I  beheld  Miller  and  Gibber  abine  to 
my  intinite  enUrtiinment.  in  and  abnat 
London  this  monlh  oF  Sept.  near  a  hun- 
dred people  have  dy'd  by  accident  and 
suicide.  Iher  was  one  blackamith,  tyr'd 
oF  the  hammer,  who  hdng'd  htmielf,  and 
left  written  behind  bim  thia  concise  epi- 
taph 

I,  Joe  Pope 
lived  w'out  hope 
And  dy'd  hy  a  rope, 
or  ei«e  eome  epigrammatic  Mn»e  has  b«- 


Dnu  awftill  wlBtiy,  hnTon,  wel«n»  nit  I  he. 

After  the  introduclion,  I  any,  which  in- 
iiita  Air  a  few  lioea  Fiirlher,  I  proaeente  the 
purturl  of  the  following  ones 


Then  terrible  flooda,  and  high  winda,  that 
Diuslly  happen  about  thia  time  of  year, 
and  have  already  happen'd  here,  (I  wiah 
you  bate  not  felt  them  too  dreidFully)  the 
flrat  produced  the  eooloaed  linea  i  the  latt 
are  not  completed.  Mr.  RirkMe*,' i  pottit 
on  Winttr,  ahich  1  tlill  haw.  firtt  (mI 
Me  iJoijni  tola  my  htai.  in  ll  are  tome 
maaterly  airukea  thntawakon'd  mc— being 


Mr.  Muir  ha*  ample  fund  for  poliUoka, 
in  the  preaeni  poature  of  affain,  a*  you'll 
find  by  the  public  newa.  t  ihould  be  gUd 
to  know  ibiit  great  minister's  Frame  juat 
now.— Keep  it  to  yourielf. — you  ma; 
wbiaper  it  tuu  Mu  Jobn'a  ear. — far  olber- 
wiae  ia  hia  lately  myiteriooa  Br  Mr  Tait 
employed. — Started  a  auperannnsted  foN 
tune,  and  just  now  upon  the  full  seeat — 
'tit  comiol  enongb  to  see  him  (nus 
amongal  the  tubbiah  of  his  controversial 
divinity  and  polilici  Furbishing  up  his 
BDtieot  rusty  gallantry. 

Your'a  sincerely 

J.  T. 

Remember  me  to  all  friends.  Mr  fUckle 
[ton],  Mia  John,  Br  Joiln  Sto. 

Ill  thia  peculiarlj  characl eristic  and 
important  luttcr  it  will  Ue  observed 
tbitt  Ttiimiauii  aacribca  to  ibu  poem 
of  "  A  Winter's  Day"  llie  "awakoo- 
in^"  of  his  *■  design"  to  "pftJuC  [iBt«r« 
iu  litir  most  lugubrious  dress;"  nnil,ui) 
oouinaring  the  lines  inUwluced  inta 
tbu  letter,  it  will  be  fioreeived  tttat 
tliy  "maslurly  strokes"  of  Uiccultoua, 


1868.] 


The  Author  of"  Tlie  Seiuoni." 


aoail 


were  It  not  vain  and  ligtit  I  •ronid  a 
yoD  iams  of  her  tetters,  and  lene  yan  to 
jiidgd  whether  the  does  not  deserve  them 
all.  The  poem  on  ber  that  you  liked  HU 
got  out  of  ber  haads  and  published  here 
in  a  new  "  Miacellany,"  withont  mj  know- 
ledge. Bl  which  I  am  heartily  v«»ed ;  oi 
alio  anolAer  of  a  Hffemt  Und,  tcAieA 
msiM  a  perftcl  cmirait  to  it. 

The  letter  from  which  this  extract 
is  made  is  without  dati> ;  but  that  it 
was  t'l  Savage'H  Miscellanf  he  referred 
ia  EiifEcientlj  evident. 

2nd.  Stir. Cunnin^hikiii  "places littla 
relittuce  on  the  tcsUniony  of  Savage's 
Miscellany,"  on  the  ^ound  that  it  Is 


ePrfuy- 
's  Day" 


to  wliicb  allDsion  ia  made,  give  tlieir 
ooloitr  to  them.  But,  passing  from  the 
letter  to  (he  poem  ilsell',  we  and  Mr- 
Cunningham  are  at  issue  as  to  the 
"Eminent  Hand"  who  "  corret^teil "  it. 
Mr.  Cunningham  assigua  it  to  Tliom- 

Berond  iti  undoubted  merit,  and  its 
intny  line  atrolies  of  careful  obsenscion, 
this  Winter'a  Do;  possesses  aa  interest  of 
an  unnsaal  kind.  It  was  the  origiDal,  1 
coDCeiie,  of  ThomsOD'a  "  Winter ;"  though 
actiiallj  printed  in  Savage's  Miacellany, 
ITSli,  aa  Che  production  of  the  author  of 
"William  and  Margaret,"  meau)ng  David 
Mallet.  .  .  .  Thi  fimiiimf  Hamd  vna, 
ai  I  ttaptet,  not  Malltl,  bul  nat  lei>  a 
ptTton  Ikati  Thomtim  hiauel/.  .  .  ,  , 
ThoiDBoa  was  a  friend  of  Cave's,  and  from 
the  aatbor  of  ■'  The  SeDsaua"  Care  moat 
likely  received  this  poem.  I  place  little 
reliance  an  the  teatimony  of  Savage's  MIs- 
ctlbny  when  it  apjiears  against  ibe  eri- 
denco  of  the  (rcntleiDBn'a  Magaiioe,  which 
in  ITIO  might  in  some  reipecU  be  called  a 
■tcond  Savage's  MisixIUnj. 

Notwithatanding  the  nbovc  rAnarks 
ma  believe  that  David  Mnllet  inu  the 
"  Eminc'iit  Hand."  Let  as  attend  to 
Uie  ewdenoe.  lat-  As  Mr.  Cuniiina- 
ham  stales,  it  appeared  in  the  "  Miscei- 
oenis '  jiublii 
172fl.  ,\lon„ 
was  another  jioem  undisputedly  bj 
Hailei;  and  thus  is  the  authursliip 
given  of  each: 

V.  3OT.  To  Mira  from  the  Country.  By 
Ike  author  of  the  celebrated  ballad  of 
William  and  Margaret. 

P.S09.  A  Winter's  Day.  Wrillenhy  the 
same  gentleman  in  a  state  of  melancholy. 

Mr.  Cimningham  impugns  this  au- 
thority; but  in  the  "Life"  of  Mttllet 
prefiKcd  to  his  "  Piiems,"  in  Dr,  Ro- 
bert AiLilerson's  "British  Poets"  [vol. 
ix.  p.  6T2j  we  have  conclusive  "tes- 
dmony"— ttiat  of  Mallet  liimself— na 
to  the  "  reliance"  to  be  i^laced  on 
Savage's  Miscellany.  Writintfto  Pro- 
fouor  Eer,  of  Aberdeen,  he  says: 

Ulra.  yon  think,  takes  ap  my  thoughti : 


•  It  is  only  proi«r  lo  stale  that  '■  The  Winter's  Day"  was  not  incloded  in  Mallet's 
«>wn  collected  edition  of  his  poems.  We  refer  our  readers  to  the  "  Life  "  for  the  re- 
mainder of  Ibe  above  quotation,  which  contains  a  carious  personal  notioe  of  Thomson, 
curiooB  in  respect  of  the  reluliDU  of  "  Patron,"  which  Mallet  then  held  towards  the 
anlhor  of  "  l^ie  Seasons."  Mr.  Cunningliam  will  lind  new  materials  for  hia  Johnson's 
Lives  under  Mallet,  in  Dr.  Anderson's  "  Biography  :"  and  the  larger  portion  of  the 
Mallet  CoiTupoadenM  lathe  "i£dinbuvh  Magaiiaa  "  or  Litorarj  Miscellany  for  1T!>3. 


tliere  is  no  such  counter  "testimony" 
Mr.  Cunningham's  remark  sppears 
In  the  Gentleman's  Mnga- 
ly  1740]  the  poem  of  "A  Wn- 
'ay"  is  reprinted  from  the  Mia- 
cellany, and  stated  to  have  been 
"  Written  by  a  Scotch  clergyman;  cor- 
rected by  an  Eminent  ilu>d."  And 
in  the  same  volume  of  the  Magaxina 
the  other  piece  by  Alallet,  '■  To  Mira 
from  the  Country,"  is  also  reprinted, 
and  ie  in  like  manner  alate<l  to  be  T<j 
"An  Kminent  Hand."  The  "teati- 
mony of  Snvage'ii  Miscellany,"  then, 
does  not  "  appear  againat  the  evidence 
of  Mr.  Urban." 

BMf  Snl.  IT  any  doubt  remained  aa 
lo  the  "Eminent  Hand,"  it  would  be 
dispelled  by  the  fact  that,  from  the  cor- 
respondence with  Professor  Ker,  it  ap- 
pearsthaton  the  ground  of  these  "cor- 
rections" Mallet  liad  even  claimed  the 
entire  poem  of  "  The  Winter's  Da^"  as 
hia  ou;n  production;  and,  accord mgly. 
Dr.  Anderson  has  included  it  among 
hia  "Poems."  "Alluding,  probably, 
says  Dr.  A.,  "  lo  his  poem  called  'A 
Winter's  Day,'  whii^  Mr.  Ker  had  sup- 
posed lo  be  the  '  Winter '  of  Thomson, 
be  writes  him:  — "Mr.  Thomson'* 
'Win 


RiecoUoun  of  Robkirk. 


[Oct. 


Let  us  ttharitablj  eup{K»ie   ibat  it 
wu  MHllet  hiDucir  who  couimunicated 

mibsequenti  J  tbe  re^rintcii  poem  to  tlie  Kt.  ii. 

Ucntleman'a  MagoKuie;  wnl  ilmt  it  was     And  thus  in  the  poem  : — 

found  that  it  wna  first  published 


SavBKe's    MiacdUiij,    "  without 
knowledge." 

It  may  be  noticed  that  a  couplet  in 
Hallet'swell-knowDsongof  ibe'^Birks 
of  Enderma;  "  incorporates  one  of  the 
moat  bcoutiful  and  slrikiiie  sentiments 
of  the  "  Winter's  Day."     Thus ; — 


Thfi  is,  mj  Mini,  tbe  winter  of  their  grcsr. 
Excepting  in  tbe  punctualion,  the 
"Winter's  Day"  of  Savage's  Miscellany 
and  tbe  Gentleman's  Mogoiiue  for  May 
1740  agree  in  nil  but  three  words,  via. 

Line  33  reads  "joy"  i 


Line  45  adds  "  rise"  after  "  ebncles :" 

See  I  night's  wish'd  shades  >■ 

Line  50  reads  "  wide"  for  "  alt :" — 

And  spread  a  welcome 


spreading  through  the  a 


r  toide  around. 


Lino   41   contains  an  evident  mis- 

Srint : — "  dead  floods"  for  "  dread 
omla,"  corrected  in  the  reprint. 
So  much  for  the  "Winter's  Day:" 
and  we  feel  assured  that  Mr.  Cunning- 
ham will  take  our  correction  in  good 
part,  and  agree  with  us  that  the  "  Emi- 
nent Hncd"  was  David  Mallet,  not 
Thomson. 

Our  next  Memorial  is  an  unpub- 
ligbed  "Cbarouter"  of  RIccultoun,  in 
which  either  the  "Winter's  Day,"  or 
the  poem  of  which  the  Rev.  John  Iticb- 
monti  wrote  to   Mr.  Cunningham,   is 
alluded  to.     We  are  at  a  loss  to  As- 
oide:  but  perhaps, 
tUrther  researches, 
the  "  periodical"  in 
states  this  particuli     , 
it  was,  appeared.    We  respectfully 
vile  assistance  towards  such  discovery, 
as  doubtless,  if  it  is  another  descriptive 
poem,  itwill  »bed  new  light  on  tbe  origin 
of  Thomson's  "Winter;"  and  if  only 
the  "  Winter's  Day,"  it  will  be  latisfy- 
ing  to  have  the  original  aside  from  the 
"  corrections"  of  an  »  Eminent  Unnd," 
which  we  suspect  to  have  been  triviul. 
The"Chariicler"  which  we  are  about 
to  submit  was  written  by  Dr.  Souier- 
ville,authoroftwo  works  on  tbe  "Uis-     irf.™i?f'.?^''.f',?  ' 

'    .  ri      1       I  ,    .  .11,.  m  running  tjje  scntiuii 

tory  of  England  between  Ihe  Kestora-  itUched  to  him 

lion  and  the  Ascension  of  tbe  Bruns-         a  bentvolenlLesrt,  a  rich  imaginaUao, 

wick  Dynasty.      He  was  minister  of  .  („(«  for  what  was  beautiful  and  nb- 

Jedburgb;andllubui't  Burns  met  with  lime  in  tlie  wurki  ofiutui-CieipreuedwUli 


■TW.I  m 


him  there.     The 
his  jeurnal 

minister  of  the  place,  a  maUi  and  a 
gentleman,  but  sadly  addicted  to  pun- 
ning ;"  and  Allan  Cunnlnjjbnm  InfornM 
us  that  "after  sceine  this  remark  in 
print.  Dr.  Somerville  never  punned 
more."  He  died  May  16,  1830,  at  Ham 
age  of  ninety  years,  sixty-four  of  whioh 
hud  been  passed  in  the  ministry,  A. 
son  of  Dr.  Somerville  iii  husband  to  a 
lady  dietiiiguisbed  in  the  seientifie 
world.  This  MS.  is  dated  "January, 
IHH,"  and  is  beaded,  "Cbaracter  of 
Mr.Robert  Uiccalton,  minister  of  Hob- 
tbe  course  of  kirk,  bj  the  Rev.  Dr.  Somerville." 
we  may  discover 

which  our  notice  "''*  """  distingoished  person  in  tbe 
r  iiopui  whic-hever  P^sbj'ery  of  Jedburgh,  when  I  bMune 
r^poem,  wmcnever  .^^i^^^f  jj  April  24th,  1767.  ««  Mr. 
Robert  Riccallon,  miniilcr  of  Uabkjrk, 
with  whom  I  had  been  iatimalelr  ae- 
ijuninted  rrom  mj  earliest  days,  and  who 
tnrvited  two  years  after  m;  ordination  at 
Minto.  A  Ivfte  portion  of  origioal  genius, 
rather  than  a  cattiTited  nndecstBadlai;, 
iDgether  with  facolioDa  manners  and  an 
Bni]ile  store  of  observotion  and  aaecdole, 
aud  a  predilection  for  the  (uciely  of  jonng 
men  who  nere  in  the  course  of  lilcrar* 
study,  rendered  bia  compBDj  pleasant  and 
interealing,  and  gase  him  a  maaterly  away 

i.    I. :..   ., 1 ._   yf    y^j.   Jjgj^pjjj 


1853.] 


Ricealtoun  of  Hohkirk. 


369 


simplicity  and  enthusiasm  [were  peculiarly 
his] ,  and  procured  the  esteem  and  affection 
of  all  who  were  intimately  acquainted  with 
him. 

He  modestly  acknowledged  to  me  that 
he  had  considerable  influence  in  discover- 
ing and  prompting  the  poetical  talents  of 
Thomson,  who  in  his  youthful  days  had 
been  his  frequent  visitor,  —  Thomson's 
father  being  minister  of  the  neighbouring 
parish  of  Sonthdean. 

He  also  mentioned  that  a  poem  of  hif 
own  eomposition,  the  subject  nf  which  was 
the  description  of  a  storm  or  the  effects  of 
an  extraordinary  fall  of  snow  on  the  hill 
qf  Ruber  slaw  J  suggested  to  Thomson  the 
idea  of  expatiating  on  the  same  theme ^  and 
produced  the  divine  poem  of  his  Winter, 
the  first  and  best  of  his  compositions.  He 
repeated  to  me  several  passages  of  his  own 
poem,  which  I  thought  beautiful,  and  I 
have  often  since  regretted  that  I  had  not 
obtained  a  copy  of  it ;  but  I  was  at  that 
time  less  anxious  about  this,  as  he  told  me 
that  it  would  be  found  in  a  periodical 
work  which  was  published  at  Edinburgh 
about  the  beginning  of  the  century,  I  think 
he  said  in  the  year  1718  or  1719.  I  have 
searched  many  volumes  of  the  pamphlets 
in  the  Advocates'  Library,  but  have  not 
been  so  fortunate  as  to  discover  it. 

Our  third  Memorial  is  a  short  un- 
published letter  written  by  Ricealtoun 
nimself.  It  was  addressed  to  "  Mr.  Wil- 
liam Hogg,  merchant,  Edinburgh,"  a 
man  of  a  thousand  in  his  "  day  and  ge- 
neration." lie  was  the  correspondent 
of  President  Edwards,  and  the  bosom 
friend  of  Boston  and  Davidson.  Nearly 
the  whole  of  the  golden  volume  of 
"  Letters"  of  the  latter  are  addressed 
to  him.  Ilis  name  is  affectionately 
remembered  in  nearly  all  the  Memoirs 
of  the  Fathers  and  Founders  of  the 
two  Secessions  in  Scotland  ("Seces- 
sion" and  "  Relief")  that  now  consti- 
tute the  United  Presbyterian  Church: 

Dear  Sir, — I  had  the  pleasure  of  yonr^s 
of  the  27th  this  day,  which  demands  my 
thanks  for  your  kind  remembrance  of  my 
son,  who  very  probably  will  thank  you  for 
himself  some  time  about  the  Assembly. 

You  surprise  me  much  with  the  process 
Mr.  [Thomas]  Mair  [of  Orwell]  is  threat- 
ened with.*  If  it  comes  in  fashion  to 
make  misinterpretation  of  Scripture  matter 
of  prosecution,  1  am  afraid  few  of  us  will 
be  very  safe.  Had  I  known  of  this  before 
I  had  written  the  scrap  I  send  you  with 


this,  it  might  have  made  me  more  con- 
siderate. You  will  find  it,  however,  m- 
ppriicial  enough.  But  I  could  not  be 
more  particular  without  running  it  out  to 
an  exhorbitant  length ;  as  indeed  one  can- 
not see  these  things  either  in  their  strength 
or  beauty  without  taking  in  the  whole 
system  of  divine  truth.  I  have  returned 
you  all  you  sent  me — Mr.  M.'s  two  letters 
and  mine. 

I  looked  over  the  specimen  you  sent  me 
of  his  poetic  talents ;  and,  had  I  the  same 
opportunities,  I  would  treat  him  as  I  du| 
Mr.  Thomson,  and  still  do  all  my  frien4a 
in  that  way,  \iz, :  to  discourage  to  the  ut- 
most of  [my]  power  indulging  that  hu- 
mour, where  it  requires  more  judgment 
than  everybody  is  master  of  to  keep  ima- 
gination and  fancy  to  their  proper  pro- 
vince. By  this  you  will  see  ypu  are  never 
like  to  be  troubled  with  anything  of  mine 
in  that  way,  having  more  than  .thirty  years 
since  got  quite  clear  of  that  whimsical 
humour. 

I  am,  dear  sir, 
Your  most  affectionate  friend  and  servt 

Ro.  RiCCALTOUN. 

Hobkirk,  Apr.  30, 1759. 

P.S.  I  senselessly  forgot  from  time  to 
time  to  return  your  canisters,  as  you  de- 
sired. You  will  receive  them  along  with 
this,  with  my  thanks  for  the  refreshing 
contents  [tea].  I  have  put  the  papers 
you  sent  me  into  the  new  canister. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind,  in  expla^ 
nation  of  the  "discouragement  of 
"  Mr.  Thomson's  humour,*  that  at  the 
period  alluded  to,  the  author  of  *'  The 
Seasons"  was  designed  and  was  pre* 
paring  for  the  Church ;  and  that,  there- 
fore, m  seeking  to  repress  his  **  ima** 
gination  and  fancy"  then^  good  Mr. 
Ricealtoun  was  only  doing  earlier  what 
Professor  Hamilton  felt  called  upon  to 
do  subsequently  in  the  Divinity  Hall. 
When  Thomson  had  departed  from  his 
intention  of  studying  for  the  ministry 
we  hare  found  that  no  one  was  more 
forward  than  Ricealtoun  to  encourage 
and  assist  him :  and  this  was  always  a 
source  of  pleasurable  reflection  to  the 
pious  pastor  of  Hobkirk.  **He  mo- 
destly acknowledged,"  are  the  words 
of  Dr.  Somerville,  "  that  he  had  con- 
siderable influence  in  discoveriiig  and 
prompting  (he poetical  talents  of  Inom- 
son." 

For  himself,  poetry  had  only  been  a 


♦  Mair  of  Orwell.    Full  details  of  this  *'  process »'  will  he  found  in  c.  vi.  of  Dr. 
Mackerrow*8  History  of  the  Secession.     2  vols.  8vo.     1839. 


Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XL, 


HB 


870 


RiccaUoun  ofHohkirk. 


[Oct. 


patting  recreation.    He  threw  oif  his 
••Winter's  Day"  and  similar  verses 

iost  because  the  momentary  inspira- 
ton  came:  and  thought  no  more  of 
them. 

His  after  life-path  lay  through  the 
danff  and  sharp-shooting  of  **  Seces- 
non  and  ecclesiastical  controrersy, 
where  no  poetic  flowers  grow ;  or  rather 
as  a  •*  Bolaier  of  the  cross  **  his  foot  was 
mailed,  and  trod  them  down.  More- 
over, his  favourite  sphere  of  thought 
was  remote  from  Parnassus.  The  march 
of  his  musings  sounded  alon^  those 
great  doctrines  of  our  faith  which  rest 
on  inscrutable  facts.  He  is  the  Scotish 
Edwards.  Like  him  hia  thoughts  go 
off  into  the  deep  shadows  of  meU- 
phvsics.  Like  him,  too,  lus  congenial 
••  abiding-  place  **  was  Sinai ;  bu t  equally 
with  the  illustrious  American  does  he 
from  out  its  **  thunders  and  lightnings 
and  earthquakes  **  look  with  serene  eye 
towards  Calvary.  There  is  the  same 
subtlety  of  analysis ;  the  same  unfal- 
tering thinking  out  of  Bible-thoughts, 
however  awful;  the  same  breadth  and 
ooncreteness  of  view ;  the  same  unob- 
trusive scholarship ;  the  same  reverent 
acceptance  of  what  **  is  written ;"  and 
the  same  burning  presentation  of  **  the 
cross."  "  Scotland,"  said  the  venerated 
John  Newton, "  may  well  boost  of  Ro- 
bert Kiccaltoun  of  Ilobkirk  ;**  and, 
had  he  seen  those  MSS.  of  his  upon 
which  mainly  we  base  our  remarks,  his 
tribute  would  have  been  profuunder. 

It  affords  us  ^eat  pleasure  to  be  able 
to  announce  that  Mr.  Cunningham's 
complaint  that  *^  too  little  is  known  ** 
concerning  Riccaltoun  is  likely  soon 
to  be  remedied  by  a  Memoir  now  being 
prepared  by  the  Rev.  J.  B.  Johnstone 
of  Wolflee,  Hawick  (Scotland),  who 
has  in  his  possession — and  proposes  to 
publish — a  mass  of  MSS.  of  Riccaltoun, 
the  whole  of  which  bear  the  impress  of 
a  mind  sagacious,  thoughtful,  **  tho- 
roughly furnished,"  earnest,  and  de- 
vout. The  collection  embraces  com- 
plete "  Commentaries  "  on  "  Romans," 
on  "  1st  Corinthians,"  on  «»The  Acts," 


and  other  Books  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment, some  masterly  **  Dissertations  " 
on  "  Regeneration,"  "  Union  to  Christ," 
"Death  to  the  Law,"  and  cognate 
inquiries;  also  some  precious  "Let- 
ters." 

These  MSS.  Mr.  Johnstone  designs 
to  include  in  a  new  edition  of  the 
"  Works "  of  Riccaltoun,'^  which  will 
be  a  "  wedge  of  gold  "  added  to  Scotish 
theology,  to  be  placed  beside  James 
Eraser  and  John  M'Laurin.  We  would 
very  cordially  commend  his  "labour 
of  love"  to  our  readers;  and  would 
specially  invite  assistance  towards  the 
"  Memoir." 

Postscript, — Our  "  Memorials  "  were 
intended  to  refer  only  to  Thomson  in 
connection  with  Riccaltoun  and  the 
"Winter's  Day:"  but  wo  have  ob- 
tained another  morsel  concerning  the 
author  of  "  The  Seasons,"  which  may 
be  here  appended.  It  does  not  appear 
to  be  known  that  in  the  Library  or  the 
University  of  Edinburgh  there  is  pre- 
served a  copy  of  the  first  complete 
edition  of  "The  Seasons,"  1730,  with 
various  MSS.  and  other  "Memorials" 
of  the  poet  inserted.  It  was  presented 
to  the  University  by  the  £arl  of  Buchan 
a^eably  to  the  following  inscription  : 
"To  the  College  of  King  James  the 
6th  at  Edinburgh,  from  the  Earl  of 
Buchan,  March  21st,  1808."  The  vo- 
lume is  contained  in  a  handsome  box 
bearing  a  bust  of  Thomson,  and  a 
sketch  of  the  four  Seasons.  The  Earl 
has  written  this  note  on  the  title-page. 
"  This  copy  of  the  Seasons  was  given 
to  Henry  David,  Earl  of  Buchan,  by 
Andrew  Millar,  as  from  ilk  author, 
and  was  covered  with  bay  by  David 
Stewart  Earl  of  Buchan  on  Ednam 
Hill,  Sept.  22nd.  1791." 

This  "  crowning  with  bay  "  refers  to 
the  memorable  ceremony  which  called 
forth  the  peerless  tribute  of  Robert 
Burns.  The  correspondence  between 
Lord  Buchan  and  the  bard  appears  in 
the  "  Letters  "  of  Burns.  On  the  front 
board  of  the  volume  there  are  impres- 
sions from  the  poet's  seal,  then  "  m  his 


*  Mr.  Cunningham  states  that  Riccaltoun's  Works  published  in  three  volumes  8vo. 
177 If  were  edited  by  the  Rev.  Robert  Walker.  We  suspect  that  be  has  been  miaia- 
formed.  They  appear  to  have  been  put  forth  under  the  supervision  of  Riccaltoun's  son, 
who  succeeded  him  at  Hobkirk.  Besides  these  three  volumes,  there  are  at  least  two, 
Diobably  three,  trenchant  controversial  publications,  hitherto  only  fugitively  known  to 

ns  bsen  written  by  Ricoaltoun.    They  mttst  be  authenticated  and  reprinted  in  the 

rMbYiaao/ the  "Works." 


1853.] 


Tbv  Original  Anciunt  Mariner. 


nephew  Mr.  JiuiiCB  Craig's  posscsaioD," 

And  uuderneulh  tliese  tlia    "  Eiligies 

Tliomsuni,  opus  Gulivlmi  Berry  npud 

Edlnburgum  a.d.  mdcclxi."     WUIilii 

tbe  border  of  this  "  ctTigies  "  is  a  stalk 

of  -wliest  very  neatly  executed.    Tim 

|iortrait   ig    sharp    and    well-ileflDed : 

m   excellent  jircscrvntioo.      But   tbo 

gem   of  this   interesting  volume   is  n 

portrait  io  cbalk,  of  XHomsou,  by  big 

fnend  Aikman.     It  is  nearly  as  forge 

u  life,  and  is  singularly  pleasing.    It 

still  presents  us  mlh  n  tacc  "  more  fat 

than  bard   beseems,"  but  is  inGnitely 

superior  to  any  tlmt  we  bare  seen  in 

its  cipression.    We  learn  from  a  note 

tlintitwasdone  "about  the  year  17*20."     ^ 

We  commend  it  to  the  engruTer.    Tlie     ,„i^™j' 

hoio^aphs    of   the    jwet    preserved,     Qj,_  jg  ijgs, 

consist  of  two  copies  of  Iiia  pusaionata 

song   "For   ever   Fortune   wilt   thou 


371 

Vers«>  (tBDBcnbed  by  Jobnitane,  Bisbop 
of  Worcester,  from  acopyoftbe  Seosoni 
at  Uaglcy,  wbicb  was  pceseatcd  to  Mr. 
LjttcltoD  soon  after  the  death  of  his 
lit  wife,  by  Mr.  Thornsoii,  anna  1746. 
To  Gkokoe  Lyttblton,  Estt. 

Go,  little  book,  anil  And  our  friead 
Who  nslure  and  the  iDUtc*  lafw  i 

Whose  carei  the  public  lirlues  bleDd, 
With  ull  tlie  saftaesi  of  the  groves. 

A  Alter  time  (hou  can'st  not  ohme 
The  roileriag  fricndihip  to  repay ; 

Qo  then  and  by  my  rural  musa 
To  steal  fail  widowed  bouts  awiy. 

A  copy  of  these  were  sent  to  the  hoabla. 

Tho*.  Erskins  by  L.  JohottoDe,  esq.  in 

Worcpster,  oee  to  the  Bishop  Io  be  InDS- 
hii  brother  the  Esrl  of  Buchan. 


We  are  oblij-ed  to  Mr.  Small,  U- 
brariau  of  the  LTniveriily,  for  kindly 
ing  a  sUuua  that  is  omitted  usually ;  directing  our  attention  to  this  precious 
aud  the  rough  draught  of  a  portion  of  volume.  When  are  we  to  have  a  really 
bis  "Udcs"  to  the  memory  of  Aikman,  worthy  life  and  edition  of  Thom- 
which  abcws  the  lingular  core  with  son  ?  not  a  mere  and  increasingly 
which  he  elaborated  even  trifles  such  errant  reprint,  but  n  life  that  will 
aa  this.  There  are  various  "copies"  let  us  know  the  man  as  he  appeared 
of  "  poema  "  by  or  rcloling  to  Thomson  among  his  contemporaries,  and  an  edi- 
ai>pended  by  Lord  Buchan ;  but  as  tliey  tiou  of  his  works  that  may  ran^e  with 
bU  known  it  is  needless  to  notice     Todd's  Millon  and  Spenser,  tracing  the 


them.  Among  them  are  the  "Verses" 
of  Burns  and  Shenstonc.  We  are  not 
aware  that  the  following  little  poeui 
bus  yet  been  printed.  It  is  inserted  in 
this  volume  in  another  linnd. 


Sigress  and  process  of  hi»  life-work, 
omson  of  Scotland,    and  Edward 
Toung  of  England, 
competent  editors. 


■till  waiting 
A.  B.  Q.. 


THE  ORIGINAL  ANCIENT  MARINER. 


now  ninny  readers  have  been  de-  coast  of  Lucania:  the  land  adjoining  to 

lighted,  and  we  trust  improved,  by  the  which    belonged    to   Poetumianus — a 

Lay  of  the  Ancient  Stntincr,  we  pause  Christian  senator.     The  factor  of  Pos- 

not  to  inijuire;  but  we  will  venture  Io  tumianus,  looking  on   the  vessel  as  a 

say  that  few  Indeed  of  those  many  are  wreck,  hod  seized  upon  the  cargo,  and 

■ware  that  they  are  indebted  not  ex-  being  aunimoned  before  the  provincial 

'    'vcly  for  their  enjoyment  to  Samuel  judge  had  repelled  by  farce  the 


Taylor  Coleridge,  but  in  pai 
Paulinas,  Bishop  of  Nola,  (lie  secretary 
o(  that  great  Ambrose,  who,  in  the 
latter  half  of  the  fourth  century  wore, 
M  proudly  and  manfully,  the  archi- 
epiacopal  mitre  of  Milan.  In  an  cpisllc 
of  the  said  Paul  in  us,  addressed  to 
Macarius  the  vice-prefect  of  Home, 
will  be  found  the  origin  of  that  im- 
mortal song.  The  epistle  takes  its 
origin  io  tJhe  following  circumstances. 
A  vessel  laden  with  com,  the  property 
of  one  Secundinionus,  was  driven  by 


moning  oiScers  and  fied  to  Rome.  The 
letter  of  Paulinus  entreats  the  vice- 
prefect  to  represent  the  matter  in  such 
a  light  to  Postumtanus  as  would  in- 
duce hira  to  surrender  the  cargo  with- 
out further  litigation :  the  cruund  for 
claiming  this  indulgence  heiog  the 
miracufous  preservation  of  the  vessel 
from  the  perils  of  the  ocean — a  story 
probably  trumped  up  by  Secundimanus 
and  the  survivor  of  the  crew. 

It  is  a  story  good  enough  indeed  for 
Secundinianut  to  relata  to  I^ulini" 


itreu  of  weather  Into  harbour  on  the     rwiUn\u  U  UaKumk,  wA^K&isKtaaA 


.ulinust         i 


372 


The  Otnginal  Ancient  Mariner. 


[Oct. 


Fostumianus,  and  for  Posiumianus  on 
the  strength  of  it  to  give  up  the  wheat 
which  his  factor  had  seized ;  but  though 
^ood  for  these  purposes,  it  will  not,  we 
conceive,  gain  much  belief  at  the  pre- 
sent day.  Such  as  it  is,  however,  it 
was  manifestly  the  origin  of  Coleridge's 
Poem,  and  as  such  we  lay  it  before  the 
reader  without  more  apology. 

Last  winter  the  scarcity  of  corn  in  Rome 
was  so  great  that  our  merchants  attempted 
the  voyage  from  Sardinia  before  the  asual 
season  for  navigation  had  set  in,  hoping  to 
supply  the  wants  of  the  famishing  city.  A 
nomerous  fleet  sailed,  but  scarcely  had 
they  left  the  harbour,  so  Secundinianus  told 
me  the  story,  wtien  a  violent  storm  arose, 
that  drove  the  8hi])s  back  and  dashed  them 
on  the  rocky  coast  of  the  island.  Sccnn- 
dinianns's  vessel  would  bate  shared  their 
fete,  had  not  the  crew  thrown  out  anchors 
that  kept  it  steady  for  a  time,  but  the 
storm  no  what  abating,  they  soon  parted 
their^  cables,  and  the  men,  now  panic- 
stricken,  let  down  the  life-boat,  intending 
either  to  carry  out  anchorsor  to  escape  from 
the  wreck  which  seemed  near  impending. 
The  hurricane,  however,  in  a  moment  split 
their  frail  bark  upon  the  rocks,  and  th^ 
men  lost  their  lives  in  the  waves.  One 
only,  an  old  man  who  was  working  at  the 
pump,  was  left  behind,  being  either  alto- 
gether forgotten  or  looked  on  as  one 
whose  life  or  death  was  of  little  import- 
ance. Meanwhile  the  ship,  thus  bereft  of 
crew  and  anchors,  drifted  out  into  the 
open  sea.  The  ol'.l  man,  who  knew 
nothing  of  what  had  happened,  felt  the 
vessel  pitching  and  rollin/;^,  and  coming 
up  from  the  hold  found  there  was  no  ob- 
ject within  view  but  the  sea  and  the  sky. 
The  feeling  of  loneliness  increased  the 
terror  which  the  perils  that  surrounded 
him  naturally  inspired.  Six  whole  days 
and  nights  he  passed  without  breaking 
bread,  making,  as  the  Psalmist  saith,  his 
tears  his  meat,  and  longing  only  for  death 
to  close  the  dreary  scene. 

Here  we  pause  to  compare  the  fol- 
lowing stanzas  from  Coleridge : 

But  now  the  North  wind  came  more  fierce. 
There  came  a  tempest  strong ; 

And  Southward  still  for  days  and  nights 
Like  chaff  we  drove  along. 


Alone,  alone — all,  all  alone, 

Alone  on  the  wide  wide  sea  : 
And  Christ  would  take  no  pity  on 

My  soul  in  agony. 

*  »  »  » 

I  clos*d  my  lids,  and  kept  them  close. 
Till  the  balls  like  pulses  beat ; 

For  the  sky  and  the  sea,  and  the  sea  and 
the  sky, 

Lay  like  a  load  on  my  weary  eye, 
And  the  dead  were  at  my  feet 

We  now  resume  the  narrative  of 
Paulinus. 

At  length  our  dear  Lord,  ever  kind  and 
compassionate,  not  only  deigned  to  visit 
the  old  man  in  his  misery,  but  gave  him 
new  life  with  the  food  of  His  Word.  His 
sufferings  were  now  ended,  and  blessed  was 
their  end;  he  shed  tears  as  he  told  me 
how  the  Lord  called  him  by  name,  and 
comforted  him  ;  how  he  bade  him  lighten 
the  vess::!  by  cutting  away  the  mast.  This 
indeed  wns  a  task  which  many  strong  men 
could  not  execute  without  danger  to  them- 
selves and  the  vessel,  but  which  he,  lonely 
and  weak  as  he  was,  and  strong  only  in 
the  Word  of  God,  feared  not  to  under- 
take. He  struck  only  two  blows  with  his 
axe — blows  that  were  weak  enough,  as  an 
old  man's  would  be— and  the  mast  fell  at 
once  quite  clear  of  the  vessel,  and  at  some 
distance  off  into  the  sea.  After  this,  what- 
ever service  was  needed,  whether  to  hoist 
the  sails  or  to  work  at  the  pump,  the  Lord, 
calling  him  by  the  name  of  Victor,  would 
bid  him  put  his  hand  to  the  work.  And, 
with  reference  to  this  name  of  Victor,  I 
must  not  omit  to  state  that  among  the  in- 
effable mercies  which  the  Lord  heaped 
upon  him,  it  was  not  the  least,  that  He 
gave  him  a  name  to  be  sealed  with  in  his 
New  Birth — a  name  by  which  he  is  now 
known  not  only  amongst  men  but  amongst 
angels — for  his  heathen  appellation  being 
Valgius,  he  has  now  the  name  of  Victor 
from  the  Lord,  being  a  Victor  in  the  Lord, 
who  made  him  by  His  Grace  victorious 
by  sea  over  shipwreck  and  tempest,  and  by 
land  over  Sin  and  the  Devil.  Wonderful 
indeed  were  the  steadfastness  and  loving 
mercy  of  Jesus.  If  at  any  time  the  old 
man  was  sluggish  in  rising  to  his  duties, 
he  would  first  tap  him  gently  with  his 
hand,  [molli  manu  antd  pnepalpans]  then 
softly  pluck  his  ear,*  fearing  lest  He  should 
alarm  him  by  waking  him  on  the  sudden. 


*  This  was  a  not  unusual  way  of  calling  a  person^s  attention  among  the  Romans. 
Thus  Virgil,  in  the  Bucolics, 

Cynthius  aurem 
Vellit  et  admonuit. 

And  Milton,  imitating  him,  in  Lycidas, 

Pboebns  replied,  and  torched  o\kt  UemV)!^n%  tsx^. 


The  OriL 


Thni  lenilerl;  lUiDmoned,  the  mariner 
wonld  nniic  hioiBelr,  but  BCarce  could  he 
leap  forward  wlini  he  bbv  that  angelic 
handi  were  baty  aboat  bis  U>k,  No 
sooner  did  lie  toucb  ■  rope  than  (be  sail 
ran  tlon;  the  yard,  and  atood  awelling  out, 
the  mizieil  wm  aet,  mod  tbe  ahip  made 
«aj.  If  at  any  time  again  the  leaad  took 
in  water,  the  nld  man  needed  only  onrc  or 
twice  lo  raiie  the  bundle  of  the  pump  and 
no  longer  did  any  trace  uf  maiatiire  re- 
main on  the  planki.  and  noCbing  waa  left 
for  tbe  mariner  to  do  bat  to  sit  admiring 
while  hia  labour  was  forestalled  by  iniriai- 
ble  faandi.  Perhaps  tbouKh  1  am  wrong 
in  calling  those  bands  inviiiblewhuic  works 
were  to  manifeilly  Tiaihle.  Sometimes 
inderd  i(  was  voucbaafcd  him  to  behold  an 
armed  baiid^ — one  majr  suppose  of  heavenly 

deck  and  acted  in  all  points  u  eeainen. 
Wliat  crew  indeed  but  a  crew  of  angels 
was  worlhy  to  work  that  vessel  which  waa 
steered  by  the  Pilot  of  the  world?  At  tbs 
holm  aat  our  dear  Lord,  one  while,  as  de- 
scribed in  the  Apocalypse,  with  his  hair 
white  BB  snow  and  his  eyes  oa  a  flame  of 
fire,  and  another  while  wearing  the  Tener- 
able  a>|iei^t  of  Hia  friend  and  Confeflflar 
relii.»  our  patron  laint.  What  wonder, 
ful  good  fortune  waa  that  old  man's  ill 
fortune !  in  the  place  of  bit  matea  he  had 
for  a  companion  the  Martyr  of  tbe  Lord, 
or  the  Lord  of  tbe  Martyr.  Teara  of  joy 
ran  down  his  diecka  while  be  told  mc 
how,  reoliaiog  at  hia  feet,  he  dared  to  lay 
hii  Uetd  on  those  divine  kneci,  and  fdt 
his  hair  scented  by  that  dirine  brcatli. 

Here  FaulinuB  at  some  kngth  points 
out  how  tliu  soodtiess  of  God  was  dis- 
pla^wl  in  ench  incident  of  this  trans- 
BcUnn;  fortifying  nod  illustrating  bis 
tirguiuenC,  ax  he  proceeds,  with  du- 
merou.'  itavsngea  from  tlie  Scriptures. 
We  t«lte  the  opportunity  to  brina  for- 
ward gther  pasangpa  from  Coleridge : 
Tlie  helmsman  »lecr'd :  the  ship  mor'd  on: 

Yet  neier  a  breeie  upblew  : 
The  mariners  all  'gan  work  the  ropes 

When  they  were  wont  to  do. 
TwH  not  those  soula  that  fled  in  pain 
Which  to  their  cones  came  again. 

But  a  troop  of  spirits  bleat. 

TiU  noon  we  ailenUy  (aU'd  on. 

Yet  never  a  breeie  did  breathe ; 
Slowly  and  smoothly  went  the  iblpi 

Hor'd  onward  from  beneath. 


it  hack  ti 


'itiml  Mavin 


To  return  once  mure 
live  of  Paulinas ; 

Deiious  nas  the  course  of  that  vessel, 
drlien  by  tempests  from  sen  to  sea.  First 
it  drew  near  the  Imperial  City,  where  tbs 
lighthouse  at  the  harbour  caught  tbe  wan. 
derer's  eye  j  nest,  ran  along  the  coast  of 
Campsnia  ;  then,  aeiied  by  a  wbirlwinil, 
was  carried  across  to  the  African  shore. 
There  another  whirlwind  caoght  it  and 

tbe  Sicilian  coast,  where 

rough  and  boisterous  by 
islands.  Tbose  waters  in- 
deed are  dangerous  even  for  ships  steered 
by  the  moat  able  pilots;  yet  this  leaael, 
undirected  save  by  the  Holy  Spirit,  avoided 
every  aboal  and  quicksand,  and  kept  to 
tbe  deep  water,  akjlfully  chootine  each 
needful  turn  and  winding.  At  length, 
after  twenty-three  days,  by  God'i  good 
grace,  it  made  an  end  of  its  periloiis 
course  on  the  Lucanian  shore.  When 
now  Dear  to  land  the  Eternal  Lord  did 
not  again  neglect  to  display  His  enduring 
mercies.  Inspired  by  Kim,  some  fisher- 
men put  forth  from  land  i  they  were  in  two 
amall  boats,  and,  seeing  tbe  ahip  in  the 


J 


n  tbe  u 

tempted  to  fly,  for  it  looked,  as  they  sfter- 
warda  said,  just  like  a  tlup  of  war.  With 
loud  and  repealed  shonts  the  old  man 
called  them  hack  ;  they  took  eounsel  witli 
each  other,  and,  the  Idrd  inspiring  them, 
they  nnderatood  they  might  apiiroach  the 
Teasel  without  fear.  When  they  came 
alongaide,  Ibougb  the  old  man  assured 
them  there  were  no  aoldiers  on  board,  they 
wonld  not  believe  him,  and  at  laet  hardly 
credited  tbe  evidence  of  their  own  eyes. 
He  aet  before  them  a  brcakfait  which,  at 
tbe  Lord's  bidding,  he  had  prepared  long 
before  ;  besides  which  he  presented  thera 
with  a  great  many  loaves,  the  provision  of 
the  men  who  were  drowned.  The  fisher- 
men took  these  gifts  very  kindly,  and  in 
recjniCal  of  the  favour  towed  it  in  triumph 
into  tbe  harbour,  as  if  it  were  returningfrom 
a  conflict  with  wind  and  wave,  and  had  iti 
prow  wreathed  with  the  garlands  of  vintory. 
We  here  bring  forward  (he  parallel 
stenEiis : 


1  tamed  my  eyes  upon  the  deck, 
O,  Christ  1  what  >aw  I  Oiere.' 

Each  corse  lay  flat,  lifeless  and  fli 
And,  by  the  holy  rood  ! 

A  man  all  light,  a  seraph-man, 
•  *  *  •  On  every  corse  there  stood. 

>  Not  far  from  Nola  irag  the  tomb  of  the  Confessor  and  Martyr  Felii,  over  which 
a  chnrch  had  been  built,  with  a  tew  cells  attached  ;  ancot  these  cells  foioicd  the  abode 
of  Faolinas,  and  here  he  wa*  afterwards  joined  by  MMStrlos,  tn  nWnn  l^uk^iaOb  « 


374 


Malchu9  the  Captive  Monk, 


[Oct. 


Thii  serapb-band,  each  waved  his  handy 

It  was  a  heavenly  sight ; 
Hiey  stood  as  signals  to  the  land, 

Each  one  a  lofely  light. 

*  *  #  » 

Bat  800D  I  heard  the  dash  of  oars, 

I  heard  the  pilot's  cheer ; 
Mj  head  was  turn'd  perforce  awaji 

And  I  saw  a  boat  appear. 
The  pilot  and  the  pilot's  boy, 

I  heard  them  coming  fast. 

»  »  *  » 

The  skiff- boat  near'd,  I  heard  them  talk  t 
••  Why,  this  is  strange,  I  trow  I 

Where  are  those  lights,  so  many  and  fair, 
That  signal  made  but  now?  " 

"  Strange,  by  my  faith  1  '*  the  Hermit  said, 
"  Aad  they  answered  not  our  cheer.'' 

We  think  we  have  sufficientlj  made 
out  our  assertion  that  the  secretary  of 
Ambrose  has  afforded  no  small  assist- 


ance to  the  Enfflish  bard.  The  leading 
idea— that  of  we  duty  of  treating  ani- 
mals with  humanity— -Coleridge  has  in* 
deed  drawn  from  some  other  souroCt 
but  for  the  circumstances  he  seems  to 
hare  been  almost  entirely  indebted  to 
the  Bishop  of  Nola.  With  respect  to 
the  epistle  itself,  what  influence  it  had 
upon  the  pei*son  to  whom  it  was  ad- 
dressed, whether  it  induced  him  to 
intercede  with  Fostumianus,  and,  if  so, 
what  were  the  results  of  his  interoes* 
sion,  we  have  now  no  means  of  know- 
ing ;  but,  whatever  its  success,  regard- 
ing it  merely  as  containing  the  germ 
of  a  poem  elerated  in  sentiment  and 
forcible  in  expression,  we  have  no 
reason  to  regret  that  the  wanderings 
and  adventures  of  the  aged  Valgius 
gare  an  hour  s  occupation  to  the  learned 
pen  of  the  devout  raulinus. 


MALCHUS  THE  CAPTIVE  MONK. 


ALTHOUGII  in  many  points  the 
early  Christians  lost  no  time  in  de- 
Tiating  from  the  path  marked  out  by 
their  Divine  Founder,  yet  nearly  three 
centuries  had  elapsed  before  it  entered 
into  the  minds  of  any  of  them  to  re- 
nounce the  duties  of  a  world  in  which 
IVoyidence  had  placed  them,  and  adopt 
a  life  of  contemplative  asceticism. 
About  the  expiration  of  that  time,  the 
pernicious  example  was  set  by  Paulus 
and  Antony,  and  soon  found  a  crowd 
of  imitators.  Before  another  century 
had  elapsed  monasteries  had  sprung 
up  in  tne  East  and  the  West,  which 
never  wanted  a  supply  of  fanatical  in- 
mates. St.  Jerome,  known  as  the 
writer  of  the  Vulgate,  and  the  most 
learned  and  eloquent  of  the  Latin 
Fathers,  has  portrayed  with  a  graphic 
pen  the  lives  and  adventures  of  some 
of  these  eremites.  Gibbon,  indeed, 
while  lauding  these  little  narratives  as 
pleasing  compositions  and  most  ad- 
mirably told,  finds  their  only  deficiency 
to  be  that  of  truth  and  common  sense. 
We  have  selected  for  the  subject  of 
our  article  one  of  them  in  which  little 
of  miraculous  ^ency  is  exhibited,  and 
which,  as  a  lively  picture  of  a  remote 
age  and  a  mode  of  life  now  little  known 
or  practised,  may  still  have  some  in- 
terest for  the  reader,  though  the  eyents 
wMch  it  records  should  not  all  of  tlhem 


command  his  unhesitating  belief.  But, 
before  commencing,  we  think  it  de* 
sirable  that  the  reader  may  better 
understand  certain  allusions  in  the  in- 
troduction which  the  Saint  has  prefixed 
to  his  work,  to  narrate  some  of  the 
writer's  own  adventures,  and  to  touch 
upon  the  circumstances  under  which 
this  piece  of  biography  was  written. 

About  the  year  of  our  Lord  388  we 
find  Jerome  in  Rome,  holdins  the 
high  office  of  Secretary  to  the  Bishop, 
and,  by  his  elo<}uence  in  the  pulpit  and 
profound  leammg,  conciliating  not  only 
the  applause  of  the  yulgar,  but  the 
admiration  and  attachment  of  manT 
Roman  ladies  of  wealth  and  rank.  A 
fortune  so  brilliant  could  not  fail  to 
excite  envy,  and  a  storm  of  obloquy 
was  raised  against  the  too  persuasiye 
preacher,  which  soon  compelled  him 
to  abandon  the  scene  of  his  success. 
Accompanied  by  two  of  his  most  ardent 
admirers,  the  widow  Paula  and  her 
daughter  Eustochium,  he  sailed  to  the 
Holy  Land.  The  lady,  taking  up  her 
abode  in  the  yiliage  where  our  Sayiour 
first  saw  the  light,  founded  there  four 
monasteries,  three  for  nuns,  and  the 
remaining  one  for  monks.  The  last  she 
entrusted  to  the  conduct  of  her  spiritual 
director,  while  the  three  former  were 
ruled  by  the  Foundress  herself.  A 
«\M»t  t\m«  before  this  Ruffinos,  who 


1853.] 


Malchttt  tha  Captive  Monk. 


S7S 


had  been  an  intimate  frieud  of  Jerome 
in  Ilia  ^outh,  imputed  to  him  in  one  of 

bii  writinga  it  parttcipation  in  bis  own 
leaning  to  the  errors  of  Oriscn. 


e  nrouMd  the  fie 


icry  npiri 

of  the  saint,  and  a  violent  qunrrelen 
sued,  in  whieh  all  memory  of  the  pnst 


Christ's  Church,  from  His  i>oining  to 
□nr  own  times,  that  is,  from  the  Apos- 
tles to  the  scum  of  this  a^ ;  how  and 
by  whoae  agency  it  took  Ita  birth  and 
growth,  increaiied  by  persecutiana  aud 
WOK  crowned  by  martyrdoms:    and, 
aince  it  has  come  under  the  care  of 
disregarded,  and  the  two  divjnea     Christian    Emperors,    has    become — 
clearly  showed  that  in  their  close     greater,  indeetl,  in   wealth  and  power 
""'"''"'      "    ■  -         ■'         — in  virtue  less.    But  this  is  not  the 
place  for  this  subject.     Here  let  mc 
tell  the  tale  that  lies  before  me. 

Maronia  is  a  villa^  of  Syria,  about 

thirty  miles  to  the  £ast  of  Antiocb. 

*'"       '  '0(ing  man,  I  abode  for 

■    ■         !i  while  I  1 


study  of  the  Christian  Scriptures  they 
had  failed  to  catch  any  tinciurc  of  that 
heavenly  meekness  which  they  enjoin, 
and  are  so  well  formed  to  inspire. 

These  duties  and  con  trove  raien,  how- 
ever, did  not  BO  entirely  engrosa  tha    When  I 
polemic  but  that,  in  the  retire- 


la  tly  pi 

entofl 


If  Bothlehem,  and  about  the  year  there,  this  villagB,after  passing  through 

391,  be  found  time  to  indite  the  follow-  the  hands  of  many  masters,  came  into 

ing  little  history,  which  la  apparently  the  poseesaion  of  my  friend  the  Bishop 

addreised  to  and  designed  for  the  edili-  Evagriua  :  I  name  him  now  to  show 

cation  of  the  nuna  of  Paula's  monas-  how  I  oame  by  the  story  which  I  am 

teries,     In   the   preface   be   makes   a  going  to  tell  you.     I  found  there  an 

querulous  allusion  to  the  persecutions  old  man  colled  Malcbus,  the  meaning  of 

be  had  undergone  and  the  seclusion  which  word  is  Aii^;  he  was  a  Syrian  by 

from  which  he  writes.    With  respect  birth,  and  spoke  S^Jac  like  a  native, 

to  the  Ecolcaiaslical  History  which  he  Hehadwithbimiubisbutanoldwoman 

promises  his  readers,  it  is  still  a  question  who  seemed  very  decrepid,  and  almost 

with  the  learned  whether  it  wna  ever  indeed  on  the  verge  of  the   tomb ; 

written;  but  at  nil  evonCa  it  baa  not  bothBORealousinrcligiousobservances 

come  down  to  us.  and  attendance  on  the  services  of  the 

Without  further  preamble,  we  pro-  Church,  that  jou  might   have  taken 

ceed  to  Iny  before  our  readers  the  Life  them  for  Zachoriah  and  Elizabeth,  only 

of  Malchus  the  Captive  Monk,  by  Hie-  that  tbe^  had  no  little  John  with  them. 


ronymuB,  Presbyter  of  Stridon. 


What  la  the  tie  between  them?" 
1  to  the  neighbours,  "  spiritual  or  car- 
nal ?"  "  Blessed  saints  are  they,"  cried 
they  alt  with  one  voice,  and  then  told 
'onderful   tales    of  them. 


Those  who  are  about  to  engage  in 
naval  combat  are  wont  while  they  are 
in  port,  and  the  sea  is  calm,  to  test  their 

rudders  andoars,get  ready  theirhooks  This  only  intlamed   my   curiosity:   1 

and  clamps,  and  exercise  their  troops  addressed  the  man  and  b^ecd  hmi  Ui 

on  deck   in  order  to  accustom  thcjr  inform  me  whether  what  I  heard  was 

unoertain  steps  to  the  vessel's  motion  true.  HetoldmclnansweMbefollow- 

— so  that  what  they  have  practised  in  ing  slory.     "I  was  bom,"  said  he,  "in 

mimic    conflict  tbcy   may  fearlessly  thcdiatrictof Nisibis — myfatherwasn 

carry  out    in   actual  engagement.     I  small  landed  proprietor  there,  and  I 

who  havB  long  been  silent* — by  him  was  his  only  son.     My  parents  wished 


was  I  reduced  to  silence  who  suflers 
torture  from  my  speech— now  wish  to 
exercise  myself  first  in  a  brief  work, 
rubbing  of,  if  t  luoy  say  so,  the  rust 
f^om  my  tongue,  that  1  may  thence 

froceed  lo  a  history  of  greater  extent. 
f  God  gives  me  life,  and  mj  calum- 
niators cease  from  troubling,  now  they 
a  fugitive  and  in  confineiiieni, 


their  tine  continued  and  urged 
me  to  marry.  >  I  would  rather,'  re-  . 
plied  I, '  be  a  monk.'  My  father  had 
recourse  to  threala,  my  mother  to  ca- 
resses :  lo  escape  their  importuniUea 
1  ran  away  and  left  them.  I  could  not 
go  towarils  the  East,  for  a  line  of 
Roman  for  tresses  ex  tended  along  all  the 
frontier  of  Persia,  eo  I  bent  my  stem 


i  have  resolved  on  writing  a  history  of     towards  the  West.     I  had  something 

*  Erasmus   supposes  tlist  Ruffini 
qnariel  with  ituffinue  some  ^ears  lali 


d76 


Maichus  the  Captive  Monk, 


[Oct. 


mj  wallet  which  kept  me  from  stanring, 
and,  not  to  wearj  you,  I  at  length  ar- 
rived at  the  desert  of  Chalcis,  which  lies 
between  Imnue  and  Bercea,*  but  rather 
■lore  to  the  South.  I  found  there  some 
monks,  and  submitted  myself  to  their 
mle,  gaining  my  subsistence  by  the 
labour  of  my  hands,  and  keeping  my 
body  in  subjection  by  fasts.  Many 
years  passed  away:  at  length  I  was 
seized  with  a  longing  to  see  my  coun- 
try asain.  I  had  hc^ard  that  my  father 
was  dead.  *■  While  my  mother  lives,* 
cried  I, '  I  will  comfort  her  old  age,  then 
sdl  our  little  farm,  and  give  part  of  the 
price  to  the  poor,  and  part  to  the 
monastery' — for  the  rest,  shall  I  blusli 
to  own  itr  I  thought  of  spending  it  on 
myself. 

•*  *The  Abbot  made  a  neat  outcry — 
'  *TiB  a  temptation  of  the  Devil,*  said 
he ;  *  the  Old  Enemy  often  hides  his 
snares  under  the  show  of  dut^ — ^'tis  a 
returning  of  the  dog  to  his  vomit. 
Many  Brethren  have  been  thus  led 
astrtty ;  for  the  Devil  never  meets  you 
Cue  to  face.*  He  then  set  before  me 
many  examples  from  the  Scriptures, 
among  others  how  in  the  beginnme  He 
had  b^uiled  our  first  parents,  with  the 
hope  of  Godhead.  I  would  not  listen 
to  liim ;  he  threw  himself  at  my  feet : 
'Leave  me  not,  my  dear  son,  cried 
he;  *  throw  not  yourself  away:  you 
have  put  your  hand  to  the  plough,  then 
do  not  look  back.*  Unhappy  man  that 
I  was — I  gained  the  day  and  so  lost  it. 
'*Tis  his  own  comfort,*  thought  I, 
'  not  my  welfare  which  he  looks  to.* 
He  followed  me  out  of  the  monastery 
as  if  he  were  following  a  funeral.  At 
last  he  parted  from  me, — '  My  son,* 
cried  he,  '  I  see  you  are  marked  with 
the  brand  of  Satan.  I  ask  no  ques- 
tions— accept  no  excuses.  The  sheep 
that  goes  forth  from  the  fold,  throws 
itself  into  the  iaws  of  the  wolf.* 

**  Near  the  high  road  on  your  way 
from  Bercca  to  Edessa  is  a  wilderness 
frequented  by  troops  of  wandering 
Saracens.  Through  fear  of  them  tra- 
vellers used  to  congregate  together, 
hoping  by  mutual  aid  to  avert  uie  im- 
pending^ danger.  In  the  company  to 
which  1  belonged,  what  witn  men, 
women,  and  children,  young  and  old, 
we  were  about  seventy  in  all.  On  a 
sudden  the  Ishmaelites  were  upon  us : 


they  were  mounted  on  horses  and 
camels — their  long  hair  fastened  with 
fillets,  their  trousers  full,  and  their 
cloaks  flowing;  from  their  shoulders 
hung  their  quivers,  and  they  carried 
in  their  hands  bows  and  long  spears ; 
but  their  bows  were  unstrung,  as  thej 
came  not  for  combat  but  for  booty. 
We  were  seized,  separated,  and  dragged 
off  in  different  directions,  I  and  a  poor 
woman  being  allotted  to  one  master. 
Thus  ended  my  fine  hopes  of  an  inhe- 
ritance. We  were  placed  on  camels, 
and  so  traversed  the  solitary  waste, 
every  moment  expecting  a  fall ;  indeed, 
we  rather  clung  to  the  animals  than 
rode  them.  During  our  journey  we 
had  fiesh  half-raw  for  food,  and  camel's 
milk  for  drink. 

"  We  at  length  crossed  a  great  river, 
and  arrived  at  the  most  solitary  part 
of  the  desert.  We  were  here  presented 
to  our  master's  wife  and  family,  and, 
being  ordered  to  do  obeisance  after 
the  manner  of  that  nation,  bowed  our 
heads  accordingly.  Here  was  I  a  pri- 
soner as  much  as  if  I  were  shut  np  in 
a  dungeon  ;  and  amongst  other  things 
I  learned  to  throw  off  my  garments 
and  go  about  nearly  naked,  the  heat 
of  the  atmosphere  only  permitting  me 
to  wear  a  cloth  about  my  loins.  I  was 
now  set  to  keep  sheep. 

"*I  may  think  myself  fortunate,* 
cried  I,  comparing  my  condition  with 
the  evils  that  might  have  befallen  me, 
*that  my  master  and  fellow-slaves 
rarely  trouble  me  with  their  companj. 
Methinks  I  am  in  the  case  of  the  blessed 
Jacob,  or  indeed  in  that  of  Moses : 
they  both  kept  sheep  in  the  wilder- 
ness.* My  food  now  was  new  cheese 
and  milk;  and  I  passed  my  time  in 
prayer  without  ceasing,  and  m  singing 
the  Psalms  which  I  had  learned  in  the 
monastery.  Soon  I  began  to  take 
pleasure  in  my  captivity.  *God  bo 
thanked,*  cried  I,  *that  I  have  re- 
covei*ed  in  the  wilderness  the  solitnde 
I  should  have  lost  in  my  own  country.* 
But  who  can  be  safe  from  the  wiles  of 
the  Devil  ?  How  manifold  and,unspeak- 
able  are  his  snares !  Even  in  that  re- 
tiremen  t  trouble  found  me  out.  I  bore 
in  mind  the  apostle*s  injunction  that 
we  should  do  service  with  good-will 
to  our  masters  in  the  flesh  as  unto 
Christ.    My  master  finding  his  flock 


*  The  modern  Aleppo. 


1853.] 


Makhiu  fhe  Cnptive  Monk. 


increosei],  and  pleased  with  m;  tidelity, 
wisbeil  lo  biud  rac  by  rowsiils  more 
cloBelj  to  hia  intcreata.  lie  o&'erud 
me  in  marriage  the  woman  who  was 
Uken  cnptiTe  with  me.  'It  cnnnot 
be,'  replied  I,  'I  am  a  Cbriglian,  and 
'tis  unlawful  for  mc  (o  take  to  wife  a. 
woman  nhoae  husband  is  living;'  for 
her  husbaod  had  been  taken  at  tbe 
aame  Umc  nith  us,  and  carried  off  bj 
another  master.  On  lieiring  niy  an- 
swer, mj  master  Hew  into  a  rage,  and 
drawing  his  sword  made  at  me,  and 
then  and  there  would  have  abed  my 
blood,  bad  Inotatlhemomentatretchcd 
onl  my  arms  and  thrown  tbeui  around 
the  woman.  Soon,  too  soon,  came  on 
nigbt,  witb  thicker  shades  than  It  was 
wont.  I  led  taj  bride  to  n  half-ruined 
cave :  sorrow  presided  at  the  rit«8, 
each  of  us  regarding  tbe  other  with 
borror,  but  fearing  to  own  it.  Then 
for  the  lirst  time  I  truly  feic  that  I  was 
a  captive,  and,  prostrate  on  the  ground, 
I  bewailed  my  situation.  '  Wretched 
luan  tbat  I  ami'  cried  I,  'have  my 


wife :  let  ours  be  a  marriage  of 
Our  master  will  regard  you  as  my 
husband,  but  Christ  will  know  you  are 
my  hrotlier,  When  tbey  see  tbe  love 
tbat  exists  between  us,  they  will  easily 
be  persuaded  of  our  marriage.' 
mired  the  spirit  of  the  woin 
loved  her  more  than  1  could  have  lov) 


}  this  F 


,  tbat 


now,  on  the  verge  ofold  age,  I  should 
become  a  husband  F  What  profits  it 
me  to  have  abandoned  my  country, 

K rents,  a»d  property,  if  I  lose  the  celi- 
oy,  to  preserve  whieb  I  abandoned 
tbemf  FerhBp8,indeed,'iJs  forlooking 
back  to  tbem  wilb  r^ret  that  these 
evils  have  come  upon  me.  Wliich  is 
ihy  choice,  O  my  soul !  destruction  or 
vioUiry  J"  Shall  we  wait  for  tbe  hand 
of  the  Lord,  or  fall  on  our  own  wea- 
pons? Come,  turn  thy  sword  against 
thyself:  thy  death  is  more  to  be  feared 
than  tbat  of  tbe  body.  Ue  who  bore 
witness  to  Christ  lay  unburicd  In  tbe 
wilderness;'  1  will  take  bim  for  my  ex- 
ample, and  will  be  in  one  person  both 
liersecutor  and  martyr.'  I  drew  my 
sword,  which  glittered  even  in  tbe 
darkness,  and  turning  its  point  against 
my  breast,  'i'arewell,  unhappy  wo- 
man,' cried  I,  '  you  shall  see  me  a 
martyr  rather  than  'your  husband.' 
She  threw  herself  at  my  feet :  '  I  ad- 
jure you,'  cried  she,  '  by  Jesus  Christ 
and  by  this  hour  of  triai,  do  not  shed 
your  own  blood  and  so  bring  me  to 
reproach;  or,  if  you  arc  resolved  l<i  die, 
turn  first  your  sword  against  me :  he 
that  our  union.  Rather,  indeed,  would 
I  entreat  you  to  take  uc  as  a  virgin- 


\  wife. 

"In  tliis  chaste  union  many  i 
wore  away :  our  marriage  had  made  i 
more  acceptable  to  our  master.  ITiere 
wasnownosuspicionof  our  meditating 
flight,  and  sometimes  I  was  absent  for 
a  whole  month  in  the  wilderness,  faith- 
fully tending  my  Hock. 

"  A  long  time  hod  passed,  when  one 
day  1  was  sitting  si>iitary  in  the  desert, 
wilb  nothing  in  nroapect  but  the  earth 
and  sky.  Silently  I  began  to  meditate 
nitbmyself.  Manythingspasacd before 
my  mind — the  monastery,and  above  all 
the  face  of  him  who  bad  been  a  father 
to  me — who  had  taught  me,  had  tended 
me  with  care,  and,  in  spite  of  sJl,  had 
lost  me.  While  I  was  thus  meditating, 
I  beheld  a  swarm  of  ants  working 
busilyontheirnarrowcauaeway.  Some 
were  dragging  with  their  little  feelers 
seeds  of  grass  which  seemed  larger  than 
themselves;  some  were  removing  earth 
from  their  passages  and  raising  mounds 
to  prevent  tbe  rain  from  filling  them. 
Gibers  again,  mindful  of  the  coming 
winter,  bit  the  seeds  which  tbey  bad 
brought  in,  lest  at  some  future  time 
tbe  moisture  of  tbe  earth  should  turn 
their  garners  into  herbage :  otbcrs  in 
long  funeral  procession  carried  forth 
the  bodies  of  the  dead.  But  what  sur- 
prised me  most  was  that  in  so  great  a 
turmoil  there  was  no  jostling  between 
those  going  out  and  tbe  otliers  coming ; 
nay  more,  if  one  fell  under  bis  burden, 
they  nil  put  their  shoulders  to  the 
work  and  helped  bim  up.  In  u  word, 
'twos  a  pretty  sight  enough  which  1 
saw  tliftt  day.  Then  calling  to  mind 
the  words  of  Solomon,  'Gotolbeant, 
Ibou  sluggard,  and  be  wise,'  I  began 
to  feel  weary  of  lay  captivity  and  to 
long  for  the  celbi  of  tbe  monastery. 
where,  as  in  the  colony  of  anls,  all 
labour  was  for  the  common  good,  and 
nothing  belonged  lotheinitividual,  but 
everything  to  tbe  community. 

"  When  I  returned  to  my  coucb  the 
I  could  not  dissemble 


S78 


Malchun  the  Captive  Monk. 


[Oct. 


in  my  countenance  the  troable  of  mj 
mind. — *  Why  so  dispirited  T  said  she. 
I  told  her  the  cause,  and  exhorteil  her 
to  flight:  the  idea  did  not  displease 
her. — 'You  will  be  silent?*  saidl;  she 

fledged  me  her  word  that  she  would, 
luctuating  between  hope  and  fear,  we 
prolonged  our  whispered  conversation 
far  into  the  night.  I  had  in  my  flock 
two  goats  of  remarkable  size;  lkille<l 
them,  and,  making  bags  of  their  skins, 
prepared  their  flesh  for  our  support  by 
the  way.  When  evening  came  on,  and 
our  masters  fancied  us  asleep,  we  set 
out  on  our  journey,  carrying  with  us 
the  skins  and  part  of  the  meat.  On 
reaching  the  river,  which  was  ten 
miles  off*,  we  inflated  the  skins,  and, 
mounting  them,  committed  ourselves 
to  the  waters.  We  paddled  but  little 
with  our  feet,  that  the  stream  might 
carry  us  down  and  land  us  on  the 
farther  side  much  lower,  than  the 
point  where  we  entered,  and  so  our 
pursuers  might  lose  all  trace  of  us. 
Meanwhile,  nowever,  our  meat  got 
soaked,  and  part  of  it  lost,  so  that  we 
had  scarce  three  days*  supply  left  us. 
We  drank  even  to  satiety,  preparing 
oarselves  for  the  thirst  which  we  were 
to  encounter.  We  then  ran  rather 
than  walked,  fVom  time  to  time  look- 
ing  behind  us,  and  advancing  farther 
by  night  than  by  day,  both  for  fear  of 
the  roving  Saracens  and  on  account  of 
the  extreme  heat  of  the  sun.  I  shud-* 
der  even  at  the  relation  of  our  misery ; 
and,  while  my  reason  assures  me  that 
I  am  safe,  my  flesh  yet  trembles  with 
apprehension. 

^  Three  days  had  passed  since  the 
commencement  of  our  flight,  when  we 
saw  indistinctly  in  the  distance  two 
persons  mounted  on  camels  and  riding 
at  full  speed.  *  *Tis  my  master,'  cried 
I,  *  who  thirsts  for  my  blood  ;*  and  on 
the  moment  methought  a  shadow  passed 
over  the  sun.  Terrified  as  we  were, 
we  understood  that  our  track  in  the 
sand  had  betrayed  us.  We  turned  our 
eyes,  and  beheld  on  our  right  a  cave 
running  far  underground.  The  fear 
of  noxious  reptiles,  who  seek  the  shade 
of  such  places  to  escape  the  heat  of  the 
sun,  made  us  hesitate  to  enter;  but 
there  was  no  alternative.  We  stood, 
however,  close  by  the  cave's  mouth,  in 
a  hollow  to  the  left,  not  daring  to  stir  a 
step  fhi;ther,  lest  we  should  run  into  the 
destruction  we  were  endeavouring  to 


escape.  *If  the  Lord  helps  us,*  thought 
we,  *  it  will  be  our  place  of  refuge ; 
but  if,  sinners  as  we  are,  he  deserts  us, 
it  will  be  our  tomb.*  But  what,  think 
you,  were  our  feelings  when  we  saw 
our  master  and  one  of  our  fellow-slaves 
standing  before  the  cave,  at  no  great 
distance  ftom  us,  having  tracked  us  by 
our  footmarks?  Oh,  how  far  more 
terrible  is  the  expectation  than  the  en* 
durance  of  death  I  Again  my  tongue 
hesitates  with  awe  and  terror,  and,  as 
if  I  now  heard  my  master's  voice,  I 
dare  scarce  utter  a  word.  He  sent  his 
slave  to  drag  us  from  our  hiding-place, 
while  he  held  the  camels  himself,  and, 
with  his  sword  drawn,  awaited  our 
coming.  Meanwhile,  the  slave  had  ad- 
vanced three  or  four  cubits*  length  into 
the  cavern.  We  saw  his  back,  though 
he  could  not  see  us ;  for  *tis  the  nature 
of  the  eye  that  when  you  enter  a  dark 
place  from  the  glare  of  the  sun,  all 
seems  obscurity  and  oonAision.  His 
voice  then  resounded  through  the  cave, 
crying  *  Out  with  you,  gallows-birds, 
out  with  you,  and  meet  the  fate  you 
deserve !  Your  master  calls  you,  and 
too  long  awaits  your  coming.*  He 
was  yet  speaking,  when  we  saw  through 
the  gloom  a  lioness  spring  on  the  man, 
and,  after  strangling  him,  drag  his 
bleeding  body  farther  into  her  den. 
Kind  Jesus !  now  great  then  was  our 
terror  I  how  great  our  joy  I  Our  foe 
was  slain,  while  we  looked  on  in  quiet. 
Our  master,  knowing  nothing  of  what 
had  happened,  suspected  that  we,  being 
two  to  one,  were  making  some  resist* 
ance.  Unable  to  defer  the  gratification 
of  his  rage,  he  advanced  to  the  cave 
sword  in  hand,  and,  raising  a  ftirious 
outcry,  upbraided  his  servant  with  cow- 
ardice. He  had  not,  however,  arrived 
at  our  lurking-place,  when  we  bebdd 
him  in  the  gripe  of  the  lioness.  Wlio 
could  have  believed  that  befbre  oar 
very  faces  a  wild  beast  would  fight  on 
our  behalf  I  Kelieved  of  that  fear,  we 
had  still  in  prospect  the  same  destruo* 
tion  as  before ;  but  it  was  better,  we 
thought,  to  encounter  the  rage  of  a 
wild  beast  than  that  of  man.  Terror 
wholly  possessed  us ;  and,  not  daring 
to  stir,  we  expected  the  event.  Amidst 
all  these  dan^rs  our  sole  safeguard 
was  an  approving  conscience — but  this 
was  a  tower  of  strength.  The  lioness, 
perceiving  that  she  was  descried,  and 
fearing  an  ambuscade,  caught  up  her 


1858.] 


Corres}innHene»  of  Siilvantts  Urban. 


cub  in  her  mouth,  and,  as  soon  aa  day 
iktrned,  made  off*,  giving  up  to  ns  her 
iltti.  Scttrcelj  believing  thnt  we  were 
safe,  we  dared  not  go  forth ;  hut,  long 
nieditatiiig  escape,  «till  lingered,  fear* 
ing  that  we  might  meet  the  eaTnge 


Mesopotamia,  who  gave  ua  the  price  of 
our  camels.  Bj  that  time  nij  old 
Abbot  had  fallen  asleep  in  the  Lord — 


a  m  J  early 


"  In  these  terrors  the  day  wore  away :  youth  I  heard  from  the  aged  Malchi 

when  evening  cniiie.  we  emere:ed  and  1  now  am   old,  aud,  in  narrating  this, 

found  tlie  eameln  chewing  their  cud —  unfold  to  the  chaste  the  history  of 

they  were  of  the  kind  for  their  fleet-  chastity.     Guard  then,  ye  nuua,  your 

ncss  called  dromedaries.   We  mounted  chastity,  and  tell  this  tale  to  posterity 

them,  and  reviTed  by  ftesh  pruviiiioiis,  — io  will  they  know  that  in  llie  midst 

for  ten  days  we  traversed  the  desert,  of  swords  and  deserts  and  wild  beasts 

and  at  last  arrived  al  the  Uoman  camp,  chastity   is  never  taken  captive,  and 

"  "^~  presented  ourselves  to  tba  tri-  that  Christ's  votaries  know  how  to  die, 

il  tuld  liim  our  story ;  he  traoi-  but  not  bow  to  give  way. 
M  to  SabiniuDus,  governor  of 


CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN. 


Deege.nt  of  the  DtlKK  OrWetLINOTC 
THE  Family 

Mb.   Urban, — It  appears,   from   the 
retiowinyourlsit  number  of  Mr.  Franah't 
work  on  tbc  "  Roysl  DeHeott  orNclsoo 
and  WcUiagtep,"  Ibat   be  baa  faiUd   in 
muking  out  tbe  deicent  ef  ibe  gieal  Duke 
Itimugb  the  StalFord  ilne ;  and  tbtt  be  ii 
naolile   to   trace   ihe    family  u(  Edmund 
Francis   StaSbrd,    the    Duke's     maternal 
great -EraadrathdT,  more  tbm  one  geuera- 
liou  •bore  his  father  Francis  StaflurJ  o[     destended  from 
I'ortglenone.     I  therefore  venture  to  send      Bugot 
joa    a    descent,   drawn   from   authentic     heiress 
lourcei.  which  cxbiliits  tlie  connection  of 
the  Irish  StBlfords  with  the  great  English 
family  of   tbat    name,   md  the  deaccnt 
tbrough  tbtt  line  in  the  setanleeDtb  degree 
of  the  Ule  Dulce  of  Wellingtou  froi     "' 
Edward  tbe  First. 

(11  The  LailfJoan  PUntageaet,BecaQd 
diughter  of  King  Edward  I.  called  Joan 
of  Acre*  from  the  place  of  her  birth,  which 
hippened  in  1272,  wu  mother  of  [2)  Mar- 
girtt  de  CIsre,  sitter  and  eohelreis  of 
Gilbert  de  CUre,  lost  Earl  ef  Hertford 
and  Gloucester  of  thai  line,  who  wss 
1   the  battle   of  Bsnnackbam  in 


Bofa],  throDgli  tlui  FamO j  of  StoltDnl^ 

of  UslTem  Priory— The  Fiiullf  or 
Cradfunn   Honnil,  and 
SI,  Marttwof.  Park,  lIurij(ariiitilrB. 

s  raoM  T»K  Blooo  Rovai.,  TRUotroa 


4 


•rvnaei  "Cranln   BrUuBira"— An 


gsret  de  Aadle;.  ThU  lady  married 
Ralph,  Baron  of  Stafford,  created  Eori  of 
titnlTord  in  Hi  Edwsrd  HI.  1351.  and  one 
□f  ibe  Founders  of  tbe  Garter.  Their 
jiouDsest  daughter  (4)  Margaret  de  Staf- 
ford, married  to  Sir  John  de  Stafford, 
kot.  of  Amelcot?,  co,  Stafford,  second  son 
a{  Sir  WiUism  de  Stafford,  knt.  ufSandoa 
and  Bromeehall,  co.  Stafford,  who  was 
younger  son  of  Hcrrei 
sou  nil  wife  Milisenl  the  great 
uEiress  of  the  feudal  barony  of  Sti^ord, 
in  the  reigti  of  Richard  I,  Their  leeoud 
■on  (a)  Ralph  de  Stafford,  acquired  in 
1374,  bf  bu  marriage  with  Maud,  eldest 
daughter  and  coheir  of  Sir  John  Hsstangi 
King  knt.  of  Chebtey,  co.  Stafford,  the  manors 
of  Grafton,  co.  Worcester,  and  Leaming- 
ton Hastang,  co.  Warwick,  and  died  in 
1410.  Their  eldest  son  (G)  Sir  Hum- 
phrey Stafford,  kut.  of  Grafton,  who  died 
in  1 J19,  added  to  the  family  inheritance 
the  manor  of  Huncote  and  Other  lordships 
in  tlic  shires  of  Leicester,  Warwick,  lud 
WUt(,  by  bis  marriage  with  Eliiabetli, 
daughter  and  beireis  of  Sir  John  Burdetl. 


Vin.     She  hsd  msrHed  first  in  1307  Piers  Their  eldest  son  (7)  Sir  Humphrey  Staf- 

[iovesuia,   Earl  of   Cornwall,   the  royal  ford  was  a  person   of  repute  and  trust, 

farou rile,  who  was  beheaded  in  1312.    Be-  bsTing  been  appointed  Lieatenant  of  Co- 

fore  1317  she  bad  married  lecandly  Hugh  Inis,  and  selected  as  the  general  of  the 

Baron  AiidleVi  created  Gsrl  of  Gloncetter  King's  foroea  for  oppoiing  the  Kenlisb 

in  II  Edward  III.  1337,  by  whom  the  had  rebel)  under  Ja«k  Cade,— in  tti          '    ' 

■n  only  dughttt  ud  helrHs  (3)  Mar-  with  whom,  at  Sevanodu,  hi.A 


880 


Correipandence  ofSyUmnui  Urban. 


tOct. 


1450.  Bjhii  marriage  alio  the  family  had, 
erentnally,  a  further  aooesiion  of  property 
in  the  shires  of  Bucks,  Northampton,  and 
Surrey.  He  married,  about  1423,  Eleanor, 
daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Aylesbury,  knt. 
of  Milton  Keynes,  co.  Bucks,  and  Blather- 
wick,  CO.  Northampton,  at  which  time  she 
was  serenteen  years  of  age,  and  coheir  of 
her  nephew  Hugh  de  Aylesbury,  who  died 
a    minor    and   s.  p.     Their  eldest    son 

(8)  Humphrey  Stafford,  esq.  of  Grafton, 
married  ikatharine,  daughter  and  coheir  of 
^  John  Fray,  knt.  Chief  Baron  of  the 
Exchequer,  and  thereby  acquired  property 
in  the  shires  of  Hertford,  Gloucester,  and 
Bontingdon.  Taking  part  in  Lord  Lo- 
▼ell's  insurrection  against  King  Henry  the 
Serenth,  he  was  attainted  of  treason  and 
executed    in    1486.     Their    second    son 

(9)  William  Stafford,  esq.  acquired  the 
manor  of  Bradfield  and  other  estates  in 
Berkshire  by  his  marriage  in  1516  with 
Anne,  daughter  and  heiress  of  Sir  John 
Langford,  knt.  and  died  circa  1538.  His 
eldest  son  (10)  Thomas  Stafford,  esq.  of 
Bradfield,  married  in  1535  Anne  Best, 
and  died  in  1583.  His  third  son  (11)  Sir 
Francis  Stafford,  knt.  born  in  1547, 
■ettled  in  Ireland,  where  he  was  knighted 
by  the  Earl  of  Essex  in  1599.  He  was 
one  of  the  privy  council  for  that  king* 
dom,  and  governor  of  Ulster,  and  died  in 
1609  possessed  of  Glaspistele,  co.  Louth, 
and  Portglenone,  co.  Antrim.  By  his 
second  wife,  Anne  O'Grogan,  he  had,  with 
ofher  issue,  a  second  son,  Edmund,  and  a 
daughter,  Mary  Stafford.    The  former  be- 


came Sir  Edmund  Stafford,  knt.  of  Mount 
Stafford,  co.  Antrim,  and  heir  of  his  fisther. 
He  died  unmarried  1  March,  1644-5,  and, 
by  his  last  will,  made  his  nephew  Francis 
Echlin,esq.  his  heir.  The  latter,  (13)  Mary 
Stafford,  married  John  Echlin,  esq.  of 
Ardquyn,  co.  Down,  in  1633,  son  and  heir 
of  Robert  Echlin,  D.D.  Bishop  of  Down 
and  Connor  from  1613  to  1635,  (who  was 
descended  from  a  Scotish  fiunily)  by  his 
wife  Jane,  daughter  of  James  Seton  of 
Latrisse.  John  and  Mary  Echlin  had  a 
son,  (13)  Francis,  who,  on  succeeding  in 
1645,  as  testamentary  heir  of  bis  uncle  Sir 
Edmund  Stafford,  took  the  name  and  arms 
of  SUfford.  He  married  Sarah,  ddeat 
daughter  of  Sir  James  MacDonnell,  Bart, 
by  Mary  his  wife,  daughter  of  Sir  Donogh 
O'Brien,  of  Dough,  in  co.  Clare,  knt. 
Their  son  was  (14)  the  Right  Hon. 
Edmund  Francis  Stafford,  M.P.  of  Browna- 
town,  CO.  Meath,  and  Portglenone,  Antrim, 
the  gallant  defender  of  Londonderry  in 
1689.  He  died  in  January,  1723,  and  by 
his  wife,  Penelope,  daughter  of  Henry 
Leslie,  Archdeacon  of  Down,  had  an  only 
daughter  and  heir  (15)  Anne  Stafford,  bom 
on  Christmas  Day,  1715.  She  married  on 
12  January,  1737,  Arthur  Hill,  M.P.  for 
the  county  of  Down,  (second  son  of  Michael 
Hill  of  Hillsborough,)  created  Viscount 
Dungannon  in  1765;  and  their  daughter 
(16)  Anne  Hill,  bom  1742,  married  Garrett 
first  Earl  of  Moraington,  and  died  1831, 
learing  issue  a  third  son  (17)  Arthur,  late 
Duke  of  WeUington,  K.G.  who  died  1852. 
Yours,  &c    B.  W.  Grbbnfikld. 


The  First  Covxnt  Garden  Market. 


Mr.  Urban, — I  send  you  a  transcript 
of  a  document  in  niy  own  possession,  illus- 
trative of  the  firtt  CoTent  Garden  Market. 
I  bought  it  at  Sotheby  and  Wilkinson's 
now  some  seven  years  ago,  in  a  lot  which 
contained  only  one  article  of  at  that  time 
any  apparent  value  to  me,  and  it  was  not 
till  the  other  day  that  I  examined  the  rest 
of  the  documents  in  my  parchment  bundle 
with  anything  like  care  or  curiosity.  Guess 
my  surprise,  then,  at  finding  a  document 
in  my  own  possession  which  I  should  have 
been  most  glad  to  have  availed  myself  of 
when  revising  the  article  Covent  Garden 
Market  for  the  second  edition  of  the  Hand- 
book of  London. 

This,  the  best  known  market  for  fruits 
and  vegetables  in  the  whole  world,  origin- 
ated, about  the  year  1656,  in  a  few  tem- 
porary stalls  or  sheds  established  during 
the  day-time  along  the  garden  wall  of  old 
Bedford  House,  which,  in  the  palmiest 
days  of  "  the  garden,''  as  the  market  still 
continues  to  be  called,  formed  the  whole 
south  side  of  the  square  in  which  the  mar- 
ket has  since  been  so  permanently  esta* 


blished.  I  have  said  in  the  Hand-book 
that  I  can  find  no  earlier  allusion  to  the 
market  than  the  entry  of  a  payment  made 
by  the  churchwardens  of  St.  PauVs  Covent 
Garden.    That  entry  is  as  follows : — 

"  21  March,  1656.  Paid  to  the  painter 
for  painting  the  benches  and  seates  in  the 
markett-place,  1/.  lOf."  To  this  I  have 
added  that  a  payment  occurs  in  the  same 
books  under  the  year  1666,  *'  for  trees 
planted  in  the  broad  place,"  meaning  the 
area  before  the  piazza,  and  that  under  1668 
are  entries  of  subscriptions  from  wealthy 
inhabitants  towards  the  expense  of  erecting 
the  once  well-known  dial  and  column  in 
the  centre  of  the  square.  From  the  same 
source  of  information  I  derived  the  ftict 
that  a  grant  of  the  market  was  made  by 
Charles  II.  to  William  Earl  of  Bedford, 
dated  May  12,  1671,  and  that  in  1679, 
when  the  market  was  rated  to  the  poor  for 
the  first  time,  there  were  twenty-three 
salesmen  severally  rated  at  2s.  and  It.  It 
is  here  that  my  document  comes  in  to  •«- 
sist  us,  and  it  is  nothing  less 
ginal  lease  of  the  first  ree 


^tenTb 


Cari-eMjiondence  of  S 

GarJcQ,  ligned  by  tbe  Earl  af  BRilfard 
hiDiKir.  The  Earl  (afternsrdt  the  firit 
Duke  of  Bedrord)  «Ba  the  father  of  Wil- 
liam Lord  Riuaell,  nnd  is  knowa  beyond 
the  |)age  of  faistory  by  llie  iieuuil  of 
Vandrck  :— 

"  Thii  Indenture,  made  (he  siitb  dji;  of 
July.intholhirtiethywreoftlieraijneoro" 
■onnigne  Lord  Cbarla  the  Secood  bj  the 
grace  ofGod  of  England,  Scotland,  Ffnince, 
and  Ireland,  king,  defender  of  the  tfaitb, 
&c.  AuDO  D'ai  1G78,  betweeae  the  right 
bono''''  WJliam  Earle  of  Bedford,  Irijrd 
Runell,  Bsron  Kuasell  of  TboruhiDgh. 
Knight  of  tbe  moat  aable  order  of  the 
Gar[er,of  the  otie<  p'Ce  ;  and  Adam  Pigott, 
citizen  and  cutler  of  London,  and  Tliomaa 
Day,  of  the  pariah  of  S'  CtemenU  Danes, 
in  tho  CDunly  of  Midd',  tallow-chandler, 
of  Ibe  other  )i'te.  Whereas  the  aaid  Wil- 
liam Earie  of  Bedford,  by  hit  indenture 
of  leate  beareing  date  the  twentieth  day 
of  December  taiC  paet,  before  tbe  date  of 
tbeae  p'aenta  made  oi  mentioned  to  be 
:,  betweeae  the  said  Earle  of  the  one 
d  ihe  laid  Adam  Pigalt  and  Jamei 

en,  by  the  namei  of  Adam  Pigalt  and 
j*nie>  Allen,  citiiena  and  cutlets  of  Lon- 
don, of  Ihe  other  p'le.  did,  for  the  coiu!- 
deraltoni  Iberein  tnentioned.  demiie,  grant, 
and  to  (Tarme,  Ictt  unto  the  «id  Adam  Pi- 
gott  and  Jimet  Allen  all  that  mirkett  io 
the  pariah  of  S'  Paul,  Cotsnt  Garden,  in 
the  Mid  county  of  Midd',  to  be  held  crery 
day  in  the  veekc  except  Sanday  and  the 
(Teast  day  of  tbe  hirtb  of  onr  Lord,  for 
bujriug  and  selling  of  nil  and  all  manner 
of  ffruitea,  fflowera,  roota,  and  herbs  what- 
soever,  and  alto  liberty  to  baild  and  mike 
cellan  and  ihopt  all  along  on  tbe  outside 
of  tbe  garden  wall  of  Bcdh)rd  Hoaae  gar- 
den, Id  oa  in  such  huildinp  noc  chimneys 
or  (nnaelli  be  made  or  putt,  and  loe  as 
inch  ahopt  be  made  uniforme  in  roofs  and 
ffronta  one  w'^  another,  and  be  one  (oote 
lower  than  the  nOH  garden  noil,  and  not 
■bore  eight  foot  in  breadth  from  the  wall 
oil  along  tbe  raid  wall,  except  agaitiat  tbe 
jetty  or  round  of  the  said  nail,  against  w'' 
tbe  said  ihajis  were  to  be  but  ^ree  foole 
at  tbe  most,  according  to  a  madcll  or 
groond  plott  of  Ihe  said  buildings  to  tbe 
said  recited  indenture  alBied,  together  w'** 
all  other  libertiei,  and  all  toUj,  cuitomes, 
stallage,  pittage,  and  all  other  p'fitlJ,  co- 
moditleB,  adfantagea,  and  emolum"  what- 
soever to  the  aaid  maikett  in  any  xise 
belonging  or  apperUineing,  ariseing,  or 
renewing.  Tlie  said  markelt  to  bo  kept 
without  the  raylea  there,  and  the  markett 
people  to  litt  in  order  betweene  the  said 
rayles  and  the  aaid  garden  wall  from  one 
end  to  the  other  end  thereof,  and  on  each 
— "--r  outride  of  the  aaid  rnyles,  in  ease 
'i  the  place 


afareiaid,  and  all  carta  brought  to  tbe  Slid 
markelt   to  be  placed    close  to  the  iild 

rayles  on  the  outside  therevf,  and  itt  the 
west  aud  east  ends  thereof.  To  have  and 
to  bold  the  said  maikett  and  liberty  and 
nil  and  singular  other  the  p' mines  w"' 
their       ■ 


theaf  „ 

their  eiecuto*,  adm".  and  asiignes,  from 
the  Ifeaat  djy  of  the  birth  of  o'  Lord 
Christ  next  ensueing  the  date  of  the  aaid 
recited  indenture,  and  now  past,  for  aad 
dnreing  the  full  term  of  one  and  twenty 
yeares  from  thence  next  ensueing,  and 
iully  to  be  oomplcate  and  ended,  alt  and 
under  the  yearly  rent  of  fauracore  pounds 
of  lawfull  money  of  Enghind,  and  such  or 
the  Uke  covenants,  condition!,  proiiioea, 
clauses,  Diid  agreem"  as  hereinafter  in 
these  p'atnts  are  contained  or  eip'aaed. 
And  whereas  the  p"  purpartie  eatite,  right, 
title,  interest,  terme  of  yearai,  claymB  and 
demand  whiUoever  of  him  the  said  Jamei 
Allen  of,  in,  and  unto  Ihe  »id  recited 
markett,  liberty,  and  p'miises  are  lawfully 
coma  to  the  laidThomai  Day.  Now  this 
indenture  witnesaeth.  That  for  and  in  con- 
sideration that  Ihe  said  Adam  Pigott  and 
Thomas  Day  hive  at  their  owne  coits  and 
charges  built  and  made  ahopa  all  along 
the  aaid  garden  wall,  and  alio  two  shops 
agiinst  the  banqaetting-bouiei  of  Bedford 
House  garden  aforesaid,  w''  cellan  under 
some  of  them,  and  hiTe  covered  Ihe  mid 
two  shops  agmnit  tbe  aaid  banquetting- 
Louses  w"'  lead,  and  for  tbe  more  omim' 
BBit  up  rayles  and  banealen  npon  tbe  aaid 
leads,  and  also  covered  all  the  rest  of  Ihe 
said  shops  v*  ilate,  and  have  coiupleately 
p'fected  and  fiuiihcd  the  said  shops  pur- 
suant to  the  liberty  above  recited.  And 
for  and  in  coniideration  that  the  said  Adam 
Pigott  nnd  Thomas  Day  have  lurrendered 
and  yielded  up,  and  doe  by  these  p 
■urrender  and  yield  up  unto  tbe  said 
his  heirs  and  assignca,  Ihe  aaid  recited  j^- 
miasea  and  all  their  and  either  of  their  ~' 
tate,  right,  title,  md  iutereit  of, 
to  the  same,  together  w"  Ihe  said  recited 
indenture  of  leaie.  and  all  aaiignm"  there- 
upon, and  in  consideration  of  the  rant, 
covenants,  clauses,  and  agreem"  herein- 
after reserved  and  specified  to  he  by  and 
on  the  p"  and  btbalfe  of  them  the  laid 
Adem  Pigott  and  Thomas  Day,  ibcir  ei- 
ecutori.  adm",  and  asiignea,  agreed  tn  be 
paid,  pTormed,  and  kept,  he,  Ibe  said  Wil- 
liam Earle  ot  Bedford  halh  demiaed, 
granted,  and  to  flarm  lelt  on  and  by  these 

E 'tents  doth  demi&e,  grant,  ind  to  Ifaroie 
Itt  unto  the  aaid  Adam  Pigott  and  Tho- 
mai  Day,  all  that  the  aaid  markett  for 
buying  and  selling  of  all  and  all  manner 
of  Ifrnites,  Hlowers,  roots,  and  herba  what- 
■oeier,  and  oU  tbe  aaid  ahajia  and  celli 


982 


Corre^Hmdemce  ofSyiramms  Urban. 


[Oct. 


•ot  bvilt  and  made  u  aforesaid,  together 
w*^  all  libeitiea,  tolb,  cvstomei,  ttalla^, 
pitta^e,  and  ail  other  p'fittf,  coBoittiei, 
■drantafes,  aad  emolam^  whattoerer  to 
the  uid  markett  in  aojwise  beloDginji^  or 
appeitaioemg,  ariseiog,  or  renewinf.    llie 
aaid  markett  to  be  kept  m^ovi  the  rajks 
tlwre,  and  the  markett  people,  csrtt,  and 
wagons  to  be  placed  and  sett  in  such  order 
aa  is  hereinafter  mentioned  or  ooTenanted, 
to  have  and  to  hold  the  said  markett  and 
ilMps  and  cellars  and  all    and   singular 
other  the  p*misses  wth  their  and  ererr  of 
Hwir  appnrteo^oea  nnto  the  said  Adam 
Pigott  and  Thomas  Day,  their  executors, 
administrators,   aod    assignes,   from  the 
feast  day  of  the  natirity  of  S*  John  the 
Baptist  last  past  before  the  date  of  these 
p*sents,  for  and  daring  the  fall  term  of 
dx  and  twenty  years  from  thence  next  en- 
ivaing  and  fiiily  to  be  compleat  and  ended, 
jeilding  and  paying  therefor  yearly  and 
evwy  year  dareing  the  said  terme  onto  the 
Mid  William  Earle  of  Bedford,  his  heirs 
and  aasignes,  the  rent  and  snm  of  ffonr- 
•eore  pounds  of  lawful  money  of  England, 
■tt  or  in  the  hall  of  the  mansion-house  of 
the  said  Earle,  situate  in  the  parish  of  St 
Fi«l»  Covent  Garden,  aforesaid,  by  (four 
paymti  in  the  yeare,  that  is  to  say,  on  the 
first  day  of  September,  the  ffirst  day  of 
December,  the  f&rst  day  of  March,  and 
the  flbst  day  of  June,  by  even  and  equall 
portions,  and  the  said  Adam  Pigott  and 
Thomas  Day,  for  themselves  jointly  and 
•everally,  and  for  their  sevcnill  executors, 
adm**,  and  asiigncs,  doe  covenant,  p'misse, 
and  grant  to  and  w*>*  the  said  William 
Earle  of  Bedford,  his  heires  and  assignes, 
by  these  n'sents  in  manner  and  form  fbU 
lowing  (that  is  to  say) :  that  they,  the  said 
Adam  Pigott  and  Thomas  Day,  their  ex- 
eeotors,  aidm**,  and  assignes,  and  every  of 
them,  shall  and  will  from  time  to  time 
dvrdng  the  said  terme  well  and  truly  pay 
or  cause  to  be  paid  unto  the  said  Earle, 
hii  heires  and  assignes,  the  said  yearely 
rent  or  sume  of  fTourescore  pounds  att  the 
place  and  on  the  dayes  herein  afore  limit- 
ted  for  paymt  thereof.     And  further,  that 
they,  the  said  Adam  Pigott  and  Tliomas 
Day,  their  executors,  adm**,  and  assifnes, 
ahsil  and  will  from  time  to  time  and  att 
all  times  dureing  the  said  terme,  cause 
the  markett  people  coming  to   the  said 
markett  w*^  ffroites,  fflowers,  roots,  and 
herbs,  to  be  placed  and  sett  in  order  in  the 
said  shopps,   and   also  betweene  the  s'' 
rayles  and  the  said  garden  wall  and  shops 
from  one  end  to  the  other  of  the  said  wall 
and  shops,  and  shall  cause  the  others  for 
whom  there  shall  be  no  roome  betweene 
the  said  rayles  and  shops  or  wall,  to  sitt 
and  be  placed  close  to  and  by  the  said 
rayle  on  the  out  and  east  and  west  sides 


tiiereof,  and  shall  place  all  carts  and  wagons 
coflKinr  to  the  sud  markett  dose  to  the 
said  rav!e  wtVrat  the  same  att  the  west  and 
east  sijes  thereof;  and  shall  also  cause  a 
ffree  war  and  passage  to  be  left  betweene 
the  said  shops  and  rayle  for  horses,  carta, 
coaches,  and  other  carriages,  and  for  all 
pawcngtrs  whatsoever  to  paaae  w*Vmt  im- 
pedim*  or  obstraetion  of  or  by  reason  of 
the  said  markett  or  people  thereunto  resort- 
ing; and  moreover  shall  and  will  from  time 
to  time,  and  at  all  times  dureing  the  said 
terme,  sweepe  up,  or  cause  to  be  swept  up 
into  heapes,  all  the  dirt,  soyle,  and  flilth 
which  shall  be  made  or  happen  in  the  place 
and  places  where  the  said  markett  shall  be 
kept,  and  shall  be  occasioned  by  reaaoii 
thereof,  an  J  shall  canse  the  same  to  be 
taken  and  carryed  away  so  as  the  same  may 
be  noe  annoyance  either  to  the  markett 
people  or  others    thither    resorting,  or 
thereby  passing  or  near  thereunto  inhabit- 
ing, or  to  the  said  Earle,  his  heires  or 
assignes,  or  any  of  his  or  their  tenants ; 
and  also  that  they  the  said  Adam  Pigott 
and  Thomas  Day,  their  executors,  adm", 
and  assignes,  shall  and  will  from  time  to 
time,  and  at  all  times  dureing  the  said 
terme,  well  and  truely  pave,  and  keepe  in 
good  repaire  the  pavem**  and  (loore  of  the 
said  markett-place.  and  soe  much  of  the 
soyle  w^outside  of  the  said  rayle  on  all 
sides  of  the  square  of  Covent  Garden 
aforesaid  as  the  said'  market  shall  extend 
onto,  or  the  markett  people  or  their  horses, 
carts,  wagons,  or  other  carriages,  shall  sitt, 
stand,  or  be  placed  in  or  upon  ;  and  ahall 
also  from  time  to  time,  and  att  all  times 
dureing  the  said  term,  uphold,  repaire,  and 
sufficiently  maintaine  all  the  said  shopps 
and  cellars  in  slate  and  lead,  and  all  thinga 
needfnll,  and  the  same  and  every  of  them 
in  good  and  sufficient  repaire  and  plight, 
shul  leave  and  surrender  up  unto  the  said 
Earie,  his  heires  and  assignes,  att  the  end 
or  other  sooner  determination  of  the  said 
terme :  Provided  always,  that  if  it  shall 
happen  the  said  yearely  rent  or  sume  of 
ffourescorc  pounds  to  be  behinde  or  un- 
paid in  p**,  or  in  all,  by  the  space  of  one 
and  twenty  dayes  next  after  any  of  the  said 
dayes  of  paym*  whereon  the  same  ought  to 
be  paid  as  aforesaid  ;  or  if  the  said  Adam 
Pigott  and  Thomas  Day,  or  either  of  them, 
their  or  cither  of  their  executors,  admini- 
strators, or  assignes,  or  any  of  them,  or 
any  other  p*8on  or  p'sons  by  their  either, 
or  any  of  their  privity,  consent,  or  allow- 
ance, shall  make  or  putt  any  chimneys  or 
tuonells  in  the  said  shopps  and  oellm.  or 
any  of  them,  that  then  and  from  **^ 
forth   (if  the  said  Earie,  Ma  ^ 
assignes,  shall  declare  thittfr" 
Pigott  aod  Thomas  Day,  tkH 
adm<*,  and  aaiignei  duul  l^lj 


1858.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanua  Urban, 


888 


said  p'miflsefl  noe  longer)  this  present  lease 
and  contract  shall  cease,  determine,  and 
be  utterly  Toid,  anything  herein  contained 
to  the  contrary  thereof  in  any  wise  not**- 
standing.  And  lastly,  the  said  Earle,  for 
himselfe,  his  heires,  executors,  adminis- 
trators and  assignes,  doth  corcnant  and 
grant  to,  and  w^^  the  said  Adam  Pigott  and 
Thomas  Day,  their  executors,  admon's  and 
assignes  by  these  p'ssents,  tliat  it  shall  and 
may  be  lawful  to  and  for  the  said  Adam 
Pigott  and  Thomas  Day,  their  executors, 
administrators  and  assignes,  well  and  truly 
paying  the  said  yearly  rent  or  sume  of  (four- 
score pounds,  and  performing,  fulfilling, 
and  keepeing  all  and  singular  the  cove- 
nants, conditions,  provisoes,  clauses  and 
agreem**  before  in  these  p'sents  contained 
or  exp*8sed,  w<'''  on  their  p*'*  are  to  be 
paid,  p7ormed,  and  kept  peaceably  and 
quietly  dureing  the  tcrme  hereby  granted, 
to  have,  hold,  possesse  and  cnioy  the  said 
markett,  shopps,  cellars,  and  p'misses  w*^ 
the  appurtenances,  w'^'out  any  lett,  trouble, 
eviction,  expulsion,  or  denyal  of  the  said 


Earle,  his  heires  or  assignes,  or  any  othetf 
p'son  or  p'sons  lawfully  claymelng,  or  to 
clayme,  from,  by,  or  under  him,  them,  or 
any  of  them.  In  witness  whereof  the  p'tiM 
first  above  named  have  to  these  p*sent  In- 
dentures, interchangeably  sett  their  hands 
and  seales  the  day  and  year  ffirst  above 
written. 

(Signed)  W.  Bedford/* 

This  indenture  will,  I  think,  be  found  a 
valuable  addition  to  our  early  information 
about  one  of  the  most  interesting  of  all  onr 
London  localities,  and  will  perhaps  be  re- 
ceived as  a  companion  document  to  the 
curious  Covent  Garden  lease  of  the  reign 
of  Elizabeth,  printed  in  the  Archnologla, 
(vol.  XXX.  p.  94)  by  Mr.  Way,  and  to  the 
Verney  lease,  temp.  Charles  I.  of  one  of 
the  best  houses  in  the  Piazza,  recentiy 
quoted  at  length  by  Mr.  John  Dmce  in  his 
volume  of  Verney  Papers  printed  for  the 
Camden  Society. 

Pbtbr  Cunninoham* 

Kensington,  20th  Angusi,  1B53. 


Bishop  Latimer's  Letter  in  Favour  or  Malvern  Priory. 


Mr.  Urban, — You  have  heretofore 
given  expression  to  very  well  founded 
sentiments  of  regret  that  the  Oxford  Uni- 
versity Press  should  have  occupied  the 
market  with  editions  of  Burnet,  Strype, 
and  others  of  our  classic  historians,  hand- 
somely printed,  but  most  negligently 
edited.  The  remark  applies  especially  to 
the  works  of  Strype:  whose  Appendices 
include  so  many  important  documents, 
scarcely  any  one  of  which  can  be  com- 
pared with  their  originals  without  finding 
not  merely  discrepancies  of  ortliography 
or  language,  but  important  misconceptions 
which  affect  the  sense. 

I  am  induced  again  to  direct  attention 
to  this  fact,  not  only  by  way  of  injunction 
to  future  Editors,  if  such  there  should 
arise  endued  with  a  more  earnest  spirit 
than  their  predecessors,  but  also  as  a  cau- 
tion to  authors,  and  particularly  contro- 
versial writers,  in  their  use  of  the  docu- 
ments thus  placed  in  their  hands :  for,  as 
the  originals  are  for  the  most  part  still 
accessible,  and  to  a  great  extent  in  the 
British  Museum,  there  is  no  excuse  for 
neglecting  to  verify  any  doubtful  passage — 
and  it  is  impossible  to  say  what  passages 
are  not  doubtful,  for  errors  often  lurk  in 
verr  nnsnspected  places. 

I  em  IhoroaghlV  convinoed  of  the  truth 
oi  tluMa  obeeffRtlons,  though  it  perhaps 

HNit  the  instance  I  am 

ft  of  mfflelent  import- 

^  wdght    Uow* 

*^  U  only  ne- 

'VNNunent 


similarly  circumstanced,  to  be  satisfied  of 
the  justness  of  the  foregoing  statements. 

In  the  Rev.  Mr.  Warter's  *' ^pendicia 
et  PertineniidBf  or  Parochial  Fragments 
relating  to  West  Tarring"  (reviewed  in 
your  last  Magazine),  the  author  quotes  a 
letter  of  bishop  Latimer  to  the  lord  Crom- 
well, relative  to  the  priory  of  Great  Mai* 
vem,  which  has  been  several  times  printed| 
but  probably  never  correctly  until  it  was 
inserted  in  Mr.  Wright^s  Collection  ot 
Letters  relative  to  the  Dissolution  of  the 
Monasteries,  a  work  of  the  Camden  So- 
ciety, but  which  Mr.  Warter  has  not 
seen. 

Mr.  Warter,  after  quoting  some  verses 
by  the  poet  Herrick,  remarks,  **  These  are 
touching  lines, — much  like  to  the  '  touch- 
ing preaching'  in  old  Latimer's  letter, 
misunderstood  by  Burnet" 

**The  touching  preaching:"  this,  it 
struck  me,  was  not  like  a  phrase  of  Lati- 
mer's time,  and  I  immediatelv  suspected 
there  must  be  some  mis-reading.  Mr. 
Warter  had  quoted  the  passage  thus  i  he 
states  that  Latimer  beseeched  that  the 
priory  might  be  saved  from  dissolution, 
not  in  monkery,  bat  to  maintain  touching 
preaching,  study  with  praying,  and  good 
house-keeping,  to  which  the  honest  prior 
there  was  much  given. 

Mr.  Warter  has  quoted  Strype  correetlj 
(Eccles.  Memorials,  1.  i.  400,  Ozfbrd 
edit.) ;  and  the  passage  to  which  he  refisrs 
in  Burnet  is, — **wiUi  an  earnest  desire 
that  his  house  might  stand,  not  in  monk* 
ery,  but  so  as  to  be  oonterted  to  preedi« 


Correipomdefce '>/* Sy'r^mns  I'rbuH, 


inc-  fSuJ^r.  in  i  pnTen."       H'st.  <?#  the 
Rc&jrcjcwa.  OiTori  «iix'.  I*^!**. 

Mr.  Wirt4er  »a>nk  :aa£  Baraet  auaoihkr- 
«6wd  ihtf  wjri  ~  loofdunf ." — w  ii«  did. 
b«t  he  ooIt  9ho««  'x:^  miiappnrhtfucoa  by 
oauctxn^  ic 

Ib  the  new  Mcnartieoa.  editeu  bT  Caley. 
Enb.  ind  Baniirncl.  vol.  iii.  p.  431.  the 
letter  u  ifiia  prinDcd.  Mad  ia  ict  oiJ  or- 
thographT.  bat  tiw  err^r  is  fCill  rvcaiacil — 
** «  to  ouTnt&Tne  tivhrace  prediTapr.** 
Thb  prx>b«hlT  inMe  fhm  tW  E«iit0r*9  in^i- 
hCiBf  Strrp«'s  cv^^T  iastejd  of  takiaf  a 
freA  one,  ia  which  cue  the  same  error 
wo«kl  not  hare  cocarmi  t*>  tbe  »mB«riber. 

At  Ust,  ia  Mr.  Wright**  ooU^twa  jI- 
rcoJr  meotioaed.  the  i?««adrf  b  prirjcvd 
corrrctlr.  and  the  word  u  fMrtof .  aoc 
^'toachin^.'*  I  hare  vrri^ed  the  pa»a<e 
by  reference  to  the  original  ia  the  MS. 
Cotton.  Cleopatra.  E.  iv.  f.  2^b. — 

ai»  ^^.'  3U7T:UTn<  aKltTOiTP.  r*«-^>'3^*  <&l5V 

m*  frxyriux-  *^^  v^  tb«  ««  lie  r*  s^ach  ^t-«jtk^ 
good  h>}«>kopTn^. 

Now,  it  b  probable  that  Strrpe  ander- 
flood  the  word  *'  toochio;,**  apon  which 
be  had  blandcred,  not  u  Mr.  Warter  has 
done,  as  meaning  **  moring  or  affecting  ** 
the  mind,  bat  in  the  mach  more  common 
archaic  use  of  the  word  in  the  place  of  a 
preposition, — at  to  (regarding)  preaching, 
— imperfect  as  the  constroction  ct  the 
passage  was  thos  rendered. 

I  think  that  **  tonching,"  in  the  con* 
fined  sense  of  petketicmlfy  afeciimf^  will 
not  be  found  used  so  early  as  the  time  of 
Latimer.  Johnson,  in  his  Dictiooarr, 
qootes  no  examples  earlier  than  Addison 
and  Congreve.  As  affecting  the  passions 
or  mind  in  a  rariety  of  ways  it  will  be 
found,  nnd  it  is  a  lery  farourite  word  with 
Shaksprre,  as  may  be  seen  in  the  Index 
to  bis  Works  by  Ayscough,  or  the  Con- 
cordance of  Mrs.  Cowden  Clarke ;  yet  it 
Is  generally  combined  by  him  with  some 
other  w(ird  to  specify  how  the  person  was 
toachiMl,  as  "  touch  of  affliction/*  "  touch 
of  bashfulness,"  ••  (ouch  of  sorrow,** 
*'  touch  of  consanguinity/*  and  in  the  fa- 
vonritr  linP|<— > 

"  <>no  Umch  tif  ti«turo  mAkcn  the  wliolo  world  kin.** 

In  many  other  pasMgei  where  the  word 


[Oct, 

73  a  Terh  it  ia  applied  oomewhat 
dtden-ncly.  in  the  sense  of  iemiim^,  tbe 
«gvahv<  lUosion  being  to  the  trwbig  of 
oKCiis  by  the  toachstone :  as  in  Timoa  of 
Aibeas.  '  Tbey  hare  all  been  touched,  and 
fooad  base  metaL-  Elsewhere  it  ia  used 
t»  sigatry  aiTtfctmg,  or  infloenciDg,  bat  not 
Bicessanly  with  sympathy  ;  and  tbe  only 
paHve  tha:  scema  to  imply  tbe  modern 
«aai!>  b«t  not  indispatably  ao,  is  a 
tbe  death  of  Portia, — 


\=>37^-rubIe  and  t^mtkutg  \om. 
JuliiM  Cmar,  Act  It.  i 


UL 


Mr.    Richirdson.  in    his    Dictionary 
qaofies  a  ptsage  from  a  writer  more  aearfy 
coatem^vrary  with  Latimer.     It  ia  from 
Udil*s  commentonr  on  Lake,  cbop.  lo- 
*^Tbe  Fbtritee  beeing  somewhat  ioucktd 
with  the  aaaswer  of  onr  Lorde,  for  that 
be  iacwe  the  woordes  of  the  Uwe,  and 
dyd  not  kepe  that  whiche  was  tbe  cbiefcrt 
poyacte  ia  tbe  lawe :  yet  beecause  be  was 
poiEed   up  with  vain  glorie,  wonlde   not 
ackaowloge   hys  owae  fanlte.*'     This  is 
d«arlr  not  in  a  pathetic  sense,  bat  implies 
that  the  Pharisee  was  oonricted  by  ai^. 
meat  of  the  inconsistency  between  the  law 
and  his  conduct,  not  that  he  was  pricked 
in  conKience  or  inflaenced  by  a  contrite 
spirit.     And  had  Latimer  employed  the 
word  in  respect  to  preaching,  it  woald 
hare  been  in  like  manner :  he  might  have 
spoken  of  sermons  that  touched  the  aa- 
dierstanding,  or  even  the  hearts  of  their 
bfloivrs,  but  be  woald  not  have  expressed 
himself  by  giving   them   the  epithet  of 
**  tooching  sermons.** 

With  respect  to  the  bearing  which  tbe 
trae  reading  of  l^timer's  letter  has  upon 
the  scope  of  the  worthy  Reformer*s  riews, 
it  will  be  seen  that  the  word  iettehing  is 
by  no  means  unim|K>rtant.  It  was  also 
the  wish  of  Cranmer  and  others  that  some 
of  the  monasteries  should  be  preserred  to 
fulfil  the  part  of  colleges  or  schools.  The 
performance  of  the  duties  of  education  has 
in  later  times  been  always  prominently 
put  forward  among  the  apologies  for  the 
maintenance  of  monastic  societies ;  and  it 
still  forms  a  defensive  argument  which  ia 
now  perhaps  as  much  relied  upon  as  any 
other  by  the  Romanists  themselves. 

Yonrsi  &c.  J.  G.  N. 


The  Family  or  Clapuam  at  Stampokd. 


Mr,  UnnAN,  —  During  some  recent 
rrpaira  in  tin;  church  of  St.  Mary's  in 
thifl  town,  nn  unknown  vault  was  acci- 
denUlly  opi-ncd,  and  found  to  contoin  six 
nofllnH.  Only  one  of  tlicm  had  an  iuMcrip- 
tion,  which  was  aa  follows  :— 

•'  Mnry,  dnughU>r  of  Robert,  Lord  Vi- 
Qoont  Kilmorcy,  Knt.  of  Steventon,  in  ' 
7 


county  of  Salop,  and  3rd  wife  of  Sir 
Christopher  C?--^—  »-^- -^epwrted  this 
life  on  the  »  «?,  1702.*' 

The  parlal  "  *«um  of 

each  of  the*  tUM^ 


„!._ 


1853.] 


CurrespondeHce  of  Sylvautu  tfrhan. 


385 


1G79— Ridurd  ClBphkin  Geo U  burred 
ioy*  Vault  Jane  10. 

1686— Sr  Cbriatopher  ClaphBm  Kt 
burj'd  in  i°ViiiU  August  16. 

I68B— Mr.  William  Ctapham  bur;ed  ia 

y  Vault  July  7. 

1693— Jabn  the  aoa  of  Mr.  Xtapher 
Clsfiham  in  j'  Vault  Aug.  3. 

1702— TLe  Lidy  Claptum  burj'd  De- 
cember 3," 

John  iru  probabty  ■  grandchild  of  Sir 
Chriitophcr,  and  Hicbard  and  Williitm 
were  probably  blssnns. 

According  to  tlie  Claphnm  pedigree  in 
"  TTioreabj't  Hislorj  of  LeeJa'  (by 
Wbitaker),  Sir  Cbriatopher  ClapliBm  was 
eldeA  sou  of  George  Clapham.  e>q.  by 
Mary  daughter  of  Tboniaa  Heber,  esq. 
of  Marlon.  Tlie  two  brothers  of  Sir 
Christopher  (George  and  TtaomaE)  were 
■lain  in  tbe  cbom  of  Charles  I.  Sir 
Chriitopherflrat  manicd  Mniy,  dnngbter 
of  Mt.  John  Lowdcn,  of  Looilon.  by 
wham,  beiideA  a  noo,  he  had  a  daughter 
Margaret,  who  married  Sir  Wiltism  Cra- 
leu,  and  wboae  ion  was  the  icoond  Lord 
CraTen — a  peerage  itill  extant,  now  in  ita 
tccond  Earldom,  and  tbe  second  title  of 
which  ia  Viscount  lUBogton. 

From  other  sources  it  has  been  auer- 
tained  that  the  second  wife  of  Sir  Cbria- 
topber  Clapham  vas  Margaret  second 
ilanghter  of  Anthony  Oldfield,  and  widow 
of  Robert  Moyle,  otWeil  TwyforJ,  Mid- 
dleui,  protbonotsry  of  the  Coort  of 
Common  Pleas  (who  was  descended  from 
the  Moyles  of  Cornwall) :  Anthony  Old- 
lieldwa*  buned  at  Spalding  on  the  2eth 
Noiember,  ISi^  ;  and  bis  aecond  daugh- 
ter before  menlinned  was  "  Tbe  Lade 
Claphim"  whose  burial  rcgiiter  stands 
Grst  on  IbD  above  list.  Tbe  third  wife  of 
Sir  Christopher  waa  the  daaghter  of  VIk- 
coQDt  Kilmorej,  the  lost  named  in  the 
Hat,  e>  appears  by  the  inieriptiou  on  her 
cofBn  already  given  : — 

In  oar  local  histories  there  U  mention 
of  Sir  Christopher  Clapham  in  IGSS  ;  but 
he  was  then  "  Cr.  Clapham,  Esq.,"  and  ia 
mentioned  as  tbe  captain  of  a  troop  of 
Toluntcert  about  tbe  time  of  the  restoration 
of  Charles  II.  '•  He  was  (says  tbe  His- 
tory of  Stamford)  a  forward  and  firm 
suppailcr  of  tbe  town  liberties  and  immo. 
nities,  and  a  great  adversary  to  the  dis- 
turbers of  the  same,"  Tlie  Corporation 
rolls  show  thai  on  the  IGth  November  165B, 
Cr.  Claphsm,  esq.  was  sworn  as  a  freeman 
■t  a  common  hall ;  on  which  oceaiion  be 
preaented  to  tbe  town  for  eier  a  silier  cap 
wei^ng  3501.,  to  pass  from  Alderman  to 
Alderman  (now  Mayor) : 


(bissecond  wife).  On  the  Itb  Jan.1658-9 
he  wa»  chosen  M.P.  for  Stamford  i  and 
on  the  4th  May,  1G6I.  Daniel  Thorogood, 
Alderman,  reported  to  the  bargrises  in 
common  hall,  that  be  had  been  inmmoned 
to  appear  before  tbe  Committee  of  Priti- 

articles  by  Sir  Christopher  Cloiiham, 
Kal.,  eibibited  touching  tbe  Iste  return 
by  bim  (the  Alderman)  of  Bnrgeases  to 
serve  in  Parliament.  On  the  tith  April 
preceding  Wiiliam  Sufford  and  William 
Montague  bad  been  returned  membcra 
for  the  borough.  Sir  Christopher  must 
have  been  hnigbted  soon  after  the  resto- 
ration of  Charles  11. 

At  Gosberton  in  this  county,  which  is 
near  Pinchbeclc  and  Spalding,  where  tbe 
Oldlieida  lived,  is  a  chalice  which  was  the 
gift  of  Mit<  Eleanor  Clapham,  early  in  the 
last  century.  She  was  probably  a  maiden 
daughter  of  Sir  Christopher  by  bis  second 
wife  Margaret  OldReld. 

The  Claphama  were  a  family  of  great 
note  at  flethmealey  (now  called  lleamsley) 
a  township  within  the  parishea  of  Skipton 
and  Addingham,  in  Yorkshire,  which 
estate  they  inherited  by  the  female  line 
from  the  Maulevercrs.  In  the  Clapham 
Pedigree  in  Thoresbj'a  Leeds,  by  WhiU- 
ker,  voL  II.  p.  !IS,  George  and  Tbomu, 
brothen  of  Sir  Christopher  Ctapham,  are 
stated  to  have  been  slain  in  tbe  cause  of 
Charles  I.,  Geor^  at  NcwcasUe  and 
Thomas  at  Preaton.  At  tbe  east  end 
of  ISolton  Priory  is  a  chantry  belonging 
to  Betbmrsley  Hall,  where,  according 
to  Iradilion,  the  Clapbams  were  in- 
terred upright.  Of  this  family  waa  "  lohn 
Clappam,"  a  vehement  partisan  of  the 
House  of  Lancaster,  who,  two  days  ailer 
tbe  battle  of  Danesmoor  (fought  on  the 
26Th  July  1468)  beheaded  with  his  own 
hands  Jasper  Earl  of  Pembroke,  in  the 
church  porch  of  Banbury.  Wordsworth 
has  alluded  to  this  in  Us  ■'  White  Dob 
of  Rylslone,"  wherein  he  says, 
Fa»,  pia<  who  will,  jDn  cliantrr  *^oor  { 
And.  Ibroi^  Uie  chink  in  the  frocliirsd  fluol' 
Uwk  dowa,  and  «  ■  crM]'  ilehi— 
A  ranli  where  the  bodies  are  barM  aprlglil : 
There  bcs  ti]- iiee,  and  hand  lir  hand, 
Ti^B  Claphama  and  Manloenn  stand  i 


Ai^Mt 

la  the  mthlcai  ■wii 

Whodracged  Earl 


Clapfauu,  Uiat  fierce  Evjnlre, 
aoB,  and  a  name  of  drMd, 

IheWUtesBdBedi 


m  qnulered  of  Clapham  sod  Oldbeld         Sian^ord,  Aug.  5. 


Yours,  &C.    W.  U. 


aUm.  Vol,  XL. 


386 


Correipondence  ofSylvanus  Urban* 


[Oct. 


The  proposed  "  Crania  Britannica. 


tt 


Mr.  Urban, — In  the  preparation  of 
the  "  Crania  Britannica/'  a  projected  work 
to  be  issued  by  private  aabscription, 
which  you  have  honoured  with  a  very  brief 
notice  in  the  number  of  your  Magazine  for 
NoTember  last,  p.  493,  the  collectiug 
of  skulls  of  various  ages  and  races  has 
become  a  matter  of  great  importance — 
indeed  a  very  pressing  need.  As  such 
objects  are  met  with  in  most  parts  of  the 
kingdom,  but  are  commonly  thrown  aside 
or  destroyed,  it  has  occurred  to  me  to 
write  out  a  few  simple  directions,  which, 
although  rather  meagre,  may  profe  suf- 
ficient to  save  them  for  use.  These,  at 
the  suggestion  of  one  of  your  most  learned 
contributors,  and  a  kind  friend  to  our 
undertaking,  I  beg  to  inclose.  It  would 
give  me  the  greatest  pleasure  to  give  any 
additional  information  to  any  gentleman 
possessed  of  such  objects  who  will  favour 
me  with  a  communication. 

Yours,  &c.    J.  Barnard  Davis. 

Shelton,  Siqfordshire, 
Sept.  17,  1853. 

Hmi9  for  Collecting  amd  PrtMtrving  the 
Bonet  qf  Ancient  SkutU, 

The  remains  of  the  skeletons,  and  es- 
pecially the  skulls,  of  the  early  races  of 
men  inhabiting  the  British  Islands,  have 
become  objects  of  interest  to  those  who 
have  made  them  their  particular  study. 
It  unfortunately,  however,  happens  that 
persons  engaged  in  opening  barrows,  and 
making  excavations  for  antiquities,  even 
those  well  instructed  in  other  respects, 
generally  fail  in  procuring  skulls  in  such 
a  state  as  to  be  of  any  use  for  purposes  of 
science.  Attention  to  the  following  brief 
instructions  will  prevent  that  destruction 
and  loss  of  such  objects  which  too  usually 
prevails.  It  must  be  recollected  that  it  is 
the  whole  of  the  bones  of  the  head  and 
face,*  including  lower  jaw  and  teeth, 
which  the  anatomist  requires  for  his  re« 
searches,  not  a  few  fragments,  or  the  mere 
brain-case :  at  the  same  time,  where  the 
bones  are  fractured  or  disjointed,  if  every 
fragment,  or  nearly  every  fragment,  be 
recovered,  he  will  be  able  to  rejoin  them, 
and  reconstruct  the  cranium. 

Whether  it  be  a  barrow,  cairn,  or  ceme- 
tery of  any  kind  that  is  undergoing  exa- 
mination, as  soon  as  a  proximity  to  the 
skeleton  is  ascertained,  and  it  is  alwajrs 
advisable  to  proceed  from  the  feet  towards 


the  head,  the  pickaxe  and  shovel  should 
be  laid  aside;  the  stones  and  soil  must 
be  carefully  removed  with  a  garden  trowel, 
the  ^gerf  employed  by  entomologists, 
•nd  the  hand,  so  as  to  expose  the  bead 
perfectly. 

No  attempt  should  even  now  be  made 
to  lift  up  the  skull,  until  the  earth  has 
been  cautiously  removed  all  round  it,  so 
as  to  make  it  entirely  free ;  it  may  then  be 
gently  raised  up,  and  placed  upon  a  sheet 
of  soft  paper,  the  superfluous  soil  picked 
out,  the  bones  wrapped  up  immediately, 
and  the  package  tied  with  string. 

Where  the  skull  has  been  fractured  by 
the  pressure  of  the  earth,  and  the  booet 
of  the  face  crushed  and  displaced  (for  it 
is  these  which  yield  first,  yet  in  most 
cases  they  are  merely  dislocated,  not  de- 
stroyed), every  fragment,  however  small, 
and  every  tooth,  should  be  diligently  ga- 
thered up,  and  the  whole  wrapped  in  a 
sheet  of  paper,  as  before. 

**  All,  an  hare  felt  TbnePs  mighty  wand, 
And,  brought  again  to  Hght, 
Defkced,  despoil'd,  can  scarce  withstand 
The  touch,  however  alight,** 

It  is  best  immediately  to  inscribe  on 
these  packets  the  name  of  the  barrow, 
and  a  number,  to  distinguish  each  skull 
disinterred,  which  may  at  first  be  done 
with  a  pencil.  As  soon  as  possible  after- 
wards this  should  be  written  in  ink,  and 
the  same  number  marked  with  the  pen 
upon  the  skull,  or  on  two  or  three  of  the 
fragmenta  where  it  is  broken. 

In  all  cases  the  position  in  which  the 
skeleton  lies  should  be  accurately  observed 
and  noted  down,  whether  extended  on 
the  back  or  side,  or  flexed,  that  is,  with 
the  knees  drawn  up,  and  the  direction  of 
the  compass  in  which  the  head  is  laid. 
The  relics  accompanying  the  body,  whether 
urns,  implements,  weapons,  lamps,  coins, 
&c.  should  always  be  carefully  preserved, 
as  they  frequently  indicate  the  people  and 
the  period  to  which  the  interment  has 
belonged. 

TIm  safest  mode  of  transmitting  ancient 
skulls  is  to  pack  gently  and  neatly  any 
number  of  the  parcels,  made  in  the  manner 
above  directed,  in  a  box  with  a  little  hay. 
The  elasticity  of  this  substance  is  a  perfect 
protection  to  the  fragile  bones  during  car- 
riage. 


*  The  slender  bones  of  the  nose,  when  remaining,  should  always  be  carefully  re- 
tained and  protected  from  injury ;  they  are  very  characteristic 

t  Formed  of  a  piece  of  strong  iron  wire,  bent  nearly  into  a  semicircle  at  one  end, 
and  the  other  straight  extremity  being  fixed  into  a  wooden  handle.  The  point  of  the 
semicircular  end  should  be  spear-shaped. 


1853.] 


Corretpotideuce  ofSyhanun  Urban. 


n  CxviTiBi. 


Anciint  CmDCiroBH  Mound,  akd  Bxcavationb 

DieCOTESID  ™  St.  MaBOAHEt'S  PaKK,   H«K»riHlI>!IHIRB. 

Mii.Uhbah.— AiefidtnceoftbewDrki      ofconiider»ble«ntiqoilyi««TiJent  from  the 
oF  ■  rornirr  people  thnt  mtj  yd   liT  ^'"-      i>t<»jed  itumpi  oF  oaka  atill  li 
mini   ind    nndiscoTervd,    at    all    Eient*      age*  ago,  togfther  ■'"'  ' 

uiireiealed.  [  eeud  you  the  BceompaajiDg; 
ilHcriptioa  inrl  ikelcta,  i*hich  ma;  poi- 
(ibl;  lend  la  throw  tame  light  on  the 
habilt  and  history  of  the  carif  iahabilinta 

of  thll  COtUltif . 

Thejr  are  lituate  in  an  FXteiiai*e  wood 
of  nearly  a  himdreJ  acrea,  coned  St,  Mar- 
garet'* Park,  in  an  elcTated,  unduUling, 
and   uaFreqnented   part    of   the    conalf. 
approacliing    to    [lie    Black    Mountains, 
about  thirteen  milia  gouth  of  Hereford. 
The  wood  i>  about  three  quarteraoF  a  mile 
in  length,  from  within  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
of  St.  Mnrgarct'i  church  to  ttilbin  half  ■    ; 
mile  of  that  of  B  act  on,  declining  gradually 
from  «e>t  to  eaaC.  and  parti;  bo  to  the 
north  and  aautli.     The  church  la  on  Che 
*ame  ridge  or  hill,  on  rather  a  highi 
ration,  ia  ■  retired  and  thinlj-inh 
diatriot,  almoit  noapproacbable  for 
of  good  roads. 

Cnieiform  Mound. — Tb  is  is  aitoate  about 
the  centre  of  the  HOod.  its  weilsro  arm 
being  an  the  hi^heit  ground,  and 
on  the  loweili  the  other  two,  the  loutliem 
and  nortberDi  declining  a  little  from  the 
centre,  [t  coniJBts  of  a  longitudinal  half- 
round  embankment  or  earthwork,  of  the 
form  repreaented.  Ill  feet  wide  at  the  boae, 
■    '      -  '   ir  feet  high,  of  which  the  fol- 


a  tecti 


lla  etlreme  length  li  about  G8  fardi  as 
marked,  and  it  maintain!  the  »hape  repre- 
sented with  lingular  reipilarity  Ihrougli 


would  do  ■ 
lienoe.  Its 
of  the  inhabitants 


Beginning  from  t!>«  top  of  ibe  sketch, 
one  horiiontal  line  ia  20  yards  long  ;  the 
upper  shaft  ia  £^)  yards  long  to  the  point 
where  it  meeU  the  lateral  crOM,  while  the 
remainder  of  the  abaft  is  39}  ;srdi  longi 
the  lateral  portion  at  the  northern  ex- 
Inmitj  (the  bottom  of  Ibe  iketch)  mea- 
■nrea  17  yards,  of  which  7}  extend  weat- 
wardly,  and  only  4teaBtwardly  of  the  shaft. 
When  we  come  to  the  laterd  cross  which 
^  ,  „         ,      ilretchea  east  and  west,  we  find  that  the 

bai  been  cut  tiirougb  by  eastern  half  is  ■it\  yardi  loo;,  while  the 
dway  in  the  wood,  at  a.  westrm  is  only  \'H  yard*.  The  head  of 
}d,   Slid   thicket,  growing      this  croa*  is  30  yarda  in  lengih. 

i:.  _    ...    ___j__  ■. 1  rieCaeiliw.— Theftrsloftheieisailnata 

abont  <i&  yards  to  the  eaat  of  the  abuie,  ii 
baiin-ihaned,  with  •  flat  bottom  or  floor. 
There  being  ■  iligbl  projection  into  it  «t 
one  ])oint  Interferes  with  Its  otherwise  com- 
plele  circular  shape.  ItiaatHiul  140  yanU 
outndei  itaaierage  depth 


:  cooiiderabie  pa- 
known  to  bat  few 


chiefly  wuodmen,  and 
la  DO  tradilion.     An  old  respectable  inha- 
bitant lesidiog  within  ■  uiile  knew  not  of  about  5  feet,  exclosite  of  nud  and  de- 
it  j  and  the  Jato  Rev.  Jolm  Dnncumb,  a  cayed   legetable  matter:   bnt  where  the 
genllemaa  of  eoDsiderahle  research,  who  ground  declines  to  the  aoulh-eaal  II  la  tery 
resided  within  two  miles  snd  a  half  of  the  aballow,  and  the  doaeant  '  ' 
spot,  doea  not  ncilii-e  It  ia  hia  History  of  at  that  part,  and 
Iterefordahire.      I  learn  from  a  workman  outlet  for  the  watar,  yet 
that  about  thirty  jeus  ago  nine  large  yew-  render  It  perfectly  dry,  erta  if 
trees  were  felled  that  grew  around  It,  one  Itisatprsaantanvelopedinl- 
of  which  wM  of  glgantlo  siie.    That  it  ii  ud  rnahca,  t^  UttM  %  1^   ~ 


888 


Correspondence  of  Syltfanus  Urham. 


[Oct 


fte.,  TfnderiDg  it  tlmott  impenetrable,  and 
UDobsenrable  by  the  casual  pasaenger. 

The  second  cavity  is  situate  about  400 
yards  south-west,  and  nearly  that  distance 
•outh  of  the  croM,  on  the  steep  southern 
declivity  of  the  wood.  It  is  oval-shaped, 
its  narrowest  diameter  in  the  centre  inside 
about  32  yards.  The  entrance  to  it  is  on 
the  south,  where  the  descent  into  it  is  very 
gentle ;  but  the  bottom  or  floor  being  level, 
or  nearly  so,  so  far  as  could  be  discerned 
for  rushes,  bushes,  and  dense  and  rank 
weeds ;  and  being  excavated  on  the  slope 
of  the  wood,  the  iMtnks  increased  in  height, 
•o  that  at  the  back  or  northern  part  of  the 
oval  basin  it  was  upwards  of  20  feet  high 
from  the  floor  to  the  top.  No  perceptible 
riaen  embankment  or  mound  is  to  be  seen 
about  either  of  these  cavities  to  show  where 
the  superfluous  soil  was  removed  to.  Sup- 
posing it  possible  that  the  earth  forming 
the  cross  was  taken  from  either  of  these 
excavations,  it  would  have  to  ascend,  and 
I  find  upon  calculation  that  either  of  the 
latter  would  contain  in  their  present  state 
■KMC  than  eight  times  the  quantity  of 
■Mtmial  compoaing  the  croas;  the  Utter 
TOild  contain  about  172  cubic  yards.  Tlie 
f  "ap*  of  several  yews,  and  young  ones 
grovii^  thcrtfrom.  are  to  be  seen  in 


fionitv. 
I  learned  that  some  pieces  of  pottery 
dug  up  in  another  part  of  the  park, 
u  sight  ci  which  I  could  not  obtain ;  but, 
bci^  dearons  of  seeing  the  spot  where 
tkey  were  found,  said  to  be  in  a  hoQow,  I 
discovered  thi»  to  be  a 

Third  cavity  or  ancient  excavation,  of  a 
fihapf .  larper  than  other  of  the 
being  about  160  yaxds  in  circmm- 
outjade,  and  siruatc  in  the  upper 
portion  of  the  park,  about  2!mi  yards  w«st 
«f  tke  CTMS.  where  the  wood  slopes  more 
akrufftly  to  tbt  east-  The  weftem  or 
k^^  i*a&k  ci  Uat  baan  »  about  ?0  fMt 
hagii  <vr  mere.  gra^usLy  lowfring  lo  the 
rhesv  i»  a  Zisrr&w  esttrmnor  dewxad- 
si:^3|tit!*y  i%t:>  £ :  a  fatije  to  tlkf  north 
ex»:  of  tiiis  are  two  it^ttr  narrow 
erf  p«a!er  defjoestt.  lliere  exisu 
two  of  the  c*awnce»  a  hafK  m:>&zid 
err.bsTimeat,  wLidL.  as  befone 
xhm  1 1  <  111  does  i«oit  a|fiear  a:  caiinT  of  tiie 
nfWrr  Ajc  oak  frfnoriytwo  ieei  dxamrxer 
is  |T4>wxxtc  IS  the  cxaitTt^  and  ai  tiie  mdr  are 
the  3TS»k:n»  ai  a  sihor:  |»oIiara  «ak  aihoo:  a 
Turd  ;l  dianttCrr.  hfilkiw.  and  quite  dead. 
Ox.  tik'vcyiiif  euLbfa-  si  these  hciIk<wY  or 
ca^iiCMsb.  o«"irrctfi  and  ca.wdo|ioa  asiiiCT  an 
sa  aL  part$  wi:^  zreea.  nndenroDc.  decayed 
nad  fi&rcu:'v  donved  wood  and  wespesahAe 
saner,  thf  aommnUtiaa  of  agisk.  the  at- 
ohaerveir  vri£  nut  fail  la  he  atmck 


with  the  symmetry  of  their 

tent ;  and  it  will  occur  to 

are  works  of  art  formed  for  soaae 

purpose  in  ages  "  lang  syne,"  and  probubly 

in  connexion  with  the  croas  nsovmL 

A  cruciform  earthwork,  aimitnr  to  fSbm 
above,  but  not  so  complete  or  reg;«]nr,  «nt 
described  by  a  gentleman  of  the  mumt  mi 
Moggridge  at  the  Ludlow  Meetiaf  of  €kt 
Cambrian  Ardueological 
August,  1852,  as  existing 
Glamorganshire.*  Ni 
relics  of  antiquity,  which  I  hnve  ayaclf 
examined  in  various  parts  of  the  king- 
dom, more  especially  in  Wales  and  Sbot- 
bnd,  in  the  shape  of  cromleeha,  ear- 
nedds,  cairns,  barrows,  piDaimv  diniilkal 
circles,  ovab,  &c.  &c.  and  which  CBBnat 
he  viewed  without  ukarvcl  and 
ment  at  the  Uhours  of  a  primitiTC  i^, 
nothing  approaching  in  chamcter  to 
mound  have  I  ever  seen  or  beard  of;  ^id 
however  much  the  hand  of  time,  the 
and  plough,  may  have  obliterated  is 
countries  all  trace  of  snch  works,  if  they 
really  existed,  here  at  least  thej  eni 
disturbed.  Simple  earthworka  are 
sidered  to  be  the  earliest  errrtioMi  of  a 
primitive  people,  which  appears  prohahle  ; 
and,  although  this  is  of  evident  ants^nily, 
yet  it  is  questionable  whether  it  is  of  am 
age  anterior  to  the  introdnction  ef 
ianxty.  of  which  it  is  probably  a 
Anyang  of  a  cruciform  ihape,  I 
did  not  obtain  in  any  oountrr  previona  to 
that  era,  except  as  a  puniAmft,  I  he- 
bevc  the  Christians  did  not  adopt  the 
tumuli  or  barrow  system  of  aepultaiv: 
nor  do  asy  of  the  numerous  sepukhml 
erMtions  of  this  kind  approach  in  ions 
to  this  peculiar  and  cotcplieated  shi^; 
yet  thU  is  possiMy  an  example  to  the 
contrary.  rnhLrh  I  will  endeavour  to  aaoer- 
tain.  w:tb  |«encissa^n  of  the  proprietor. 
It  may  be  obserred.  thai  tLis  partienlar 
form  i»  not  adapted  for  a  plaoe  of 
for  prrearLiac  the  gwf«e^:  $^  this 
have  bem  ttie  cafir  bef  one  the  erectkm  ef 
churrh».  or  it  mav  have  been  utiUad  to 
impnss  the  Chnftian  Tv^ipoc  on  the  mimds 
of  the  peopie-  TtMi  thow  mbo  «e>ctod  it 
were,  at  tLat  p;rkhd.  the  prrrailing 
or.  at  all  emti^  the  strnnccat.  is 
as.  frDm  the  rime  sxkd  nuoLbrr  of 
aB|ikkTed  is  it»  encttjtn.  thry  vpoold  he 
hahie  tr  Y*  hiSeriereid  w^du  if  not  per- 
uemred.  ts  tW  inrr.'iiduof'rft  of  a  new  re- 
ligicffi  idni.»*:!  itvanati:T  avrr,  by  the 
dnunan:  i«A.  H:we^f>r.  zlh  »  |«^ 
caihariy  a  f:nbu«rs  f  .tr  ;be  cmadcrarios)  of 
anriquanac  rraonriL 

WrJt  reparc  r:  ;hf  iiks.:*  cr  rn-iues..  1 
re  n»  y.-in:  Wiv|:j.s  nt  ^.t:  AurciS 


GrsL.  Mac.  Oa.  If::^.  )..  4(kh. 


J 


1853.]  Notes  of  the  Month.  389 

that  ciiltiei  lomewhat  Bimilar  tiiit  at  out  either  window  or  chimney,  the  door 
Stoke  Down,  near  Cliiclieiti-r.  believed  bj  sniwering  tho  doable  pnrpoae  of  letting  in 
.    Sanll,   wlio  has  published  an   eiiBj      tbc  tight  and  out  tiie  amokel     The  dwell- 


0  h«  th 
Bntith  Tillage  ;  hut  at  the  meeting  of  the 
A  rchBoIogical  Tnitilutc  beld  at  (he  Intler 
cilj,  as  appvart  bjr  your  report  (p.  183), 
the  Rev.  L.  V.  Harconrt  coniidered  they 
were  DDt  adapted  for  habitation,  being  "  so 
ihnped  ai  lo  collect  the  irater  in  Iheir  ' 


which  the  Isle  Mungo  Fsrk  «u 
bom  and  reared,  with  nine  other  childrea, 
noi  of  thi*  description, — tbe  rarm-bouae 
oFthe  faniilji  consUling  of  but  one  riagle 
room,  20  feat  by  14 ;— and  thi*  in  the 
Lowlands '.  and  the  gadewife  or  the  lait 
■urviTiDg  brother,  tbe  Ute  Mr.  John  Park 
lily,  and  that  CKtar  had  staled  (hospitable  people.  lince  reilding  in  a 
the  Brilona  lived  in  hooiei  after  tbe     comfortable  new  dwelling),  iofaimed  the 


■r  of  the  Ganla.' 

To  whalerer  purpose  the  caritiea  at  St. 
Margaret**  were  really  applied,  they  are, 
certainly  two  of  them,  aduiirshly  adapted 
for  a  limple  roof  of  the  nature  of  what  in 
building  ia  termed  a  "  lean-to."  They 
cnnld  with  facility  be  prevented  from  re- 
ceiving the  water  id  their  immediate  vici- 
nity, and  with  equal  facility  could  they  be 
rendered  perfectly  dry  by  drainage.  Caaar, 
[  apprehend,  may  rot  have  viiited  St. 
Margaret'!.  Of  that  portion  of  Englsui 
viaited  by  the  Romana  what  he  s 
he  correct  \  whilat  in  other  parts,  in  more 
backward  and  unciviliied  diatricta,  inha- 
bited |ioa>ibly  by  different  tribec,  other 
habiti  might  prevail,  and  they  might  live  in 
wood).  cavc9,  and  bollowi.  A  peraon  aec- 
iog  Ibe  mud-conatmcted  dwellinga  com- 
poaing  eome  of  tbe  villages  of  Devonahire. 
would  not  be  correct  in  laying  that  auch 
houiea  generally  eiiat  in  England. 

In  aome  parta  of  Scotland,  eapeciaJly  in 
the  Highlinda,  booiea 


if  this  that  hii  mother  when  living 
waa  wont  to  say  that  "  it  wai  the  braweat 
hooae  in  a'  Yarrow."  It  is  now  used  for 
agricultural  purpoaea. 

lostancea  are  tbeae  of  babitaUont  eiht. 
biting  such  want  of  absolute  necesaariea — 
with  otbers  I  need  not  luuue — ao  loach  at 
variance  with  other  part*  of  the  some  coun- 
try; imitating,  with  little  improvement, 
even  with  the  alngle  floor  and  lovcntmaee, 
the  natural  habitation  of  the  cave  orcavcni, 
where  nature  bad  not  provided  thoae  re- 
lys  may  qniaites  (save  the  one  aperture)  for  tlie 
in  more  escape  of  amoke  and  the  admission  of  light  i 
verifying  the  adage,  that  "one-half  the 
world  knownot  how  the  other  half  live." 

I  truat,  Mr.  Urban,  that  I  have  given 
sufficient  deeeriplioa  of  the  worki  at  St. 
Margaret's,  lo  eiiablE  you  or  your  antiqua- 
rian reader*  to  form  an  opinion  of  their 
origin  ;  and  am  sorry  it  has  not  fallen  ' 
the  lot  of  abler  bands  to  deacriba  them. 
Yours,  tie.        Tnos.  Jkhrih*.' 

CiatU  Gret»,  Btrtford,  31  Stfl. 


NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 


Kealiiig  of  the  Britlsb  Aaodallou  at  HoU— Tlie  Ray  Soclety—Tlig  ClergT  Orphan  S>^tiao1~WamB 
HuUngi'i  iBIale  and  prnpoiy  at  Day leirnrd— Siataa  of  SIrlEobert  P«]  by  Gilwia-Rajal  StatMs 
islral— St.GewgiE'iILillal  BiBdfdnl— DiKorerlei 
Jnoa  at  Toan— Tower  of  St.  Jaqitu  dc  Boucherla  at  Pari*— Mr. 
:— UlMarx  Fcnshjni. 


fl 


The  Twenty-third  Meeting  of  the  BriIhA 
A—oeialion  Jar  lAt  Advanetnafnl  qf  Sei- 
rner  was  opened  at  Kiugston-upon-Kull 
upon  Wednesday  the  7th  of  September. 
At  *  meeting  of  the  General  Committee  in 
the  Diomiog  the  re|iort  of  the  Council  was 
read  by  the  Asiistint  General  Secretary, 
Prafesaor  Phillips,  and  at  8  p.m.  Colonel 
Sabine  resigned  tbe  chair  to  the  new  Pre- 
aident,  Profeaaor  Hopkins  of  Cambridge, 
who  then  delivered  hii  Address.  The  oeit 
day  the  Cummitteea  of  Seetiona  met  at  ten 
o'clock,  and  the  Sections  at  eleven  o'clock. 
In  ihe  evening  a  t>irie  was  held  la  tbe 
Music  Hall,  when  about  650  pertona  were 
.   Tbe  hall  WB«  tastefully  decorated. 


and  many  ipecim ens  and  objects  of  interest 
were  exhibited.  Ou  Friday  evening  Pro- 
feaaor J- Philtipadehvered  a  discourse '*  On 
the  Phjaical  Geography  of  Yorkahire." 
which  was  liatened  lo  by  a  large  audience. 
On  Saturday  some  of  the  Sectioni  did  not 
meet,  Ihe  memben  devoting  that  day,  as 
heretofore,  lo  eicuniioni.  On  Mondaj 
afternoon,  at  three  o'clock,  Ihe  General 
Committee  met  in  the  library  of  tbe  in. 
lirmary,  for  Ihe  parpoae  of  detennining 
Ihe  place  of  meeting  next  year  and  electing 
officers.  In  tbe  evening  Professor  Hunt 
delivered  a  leetuie  "  On  Photography." 
On  Tuesday  many  of  the  Sections  close 
their  bturiness ,  and  in  the  evening  a  second 


led  , 

.nd  J 


390 


Notei  of  the  Month. 


[Oct. 


mtirU  was  held  in  the  Music  Hall.  On 
Wednesday  the  General  Committee  as- 
aembled  to  sanction  the  grants  asked  for 
by  the  Committee  of  Recommendations. 
In  the  evening  the  usual  Greneral  Meeting 
was  held.  Thursday  was  devoted  to  ezcnr- 
■ioDS  to  Beverley,  Bridlington,  Flambo- 
rough  Head,  and  other  places  of  interest 
in  £e  neighbourhood.  The  Hull  meeting 
has  been  attended  by  141  old  life  members, 
13  new  life  members,  old  annual  members 
59i  new  58,  of  associates  368,  of  ladies  236, 
tnd  of  foreigners  6 ;  making  a  total  of  881. 
The  amount  paid  by  these  was  904/.  and 
there  has  also  been  22/.  received  for  books. 
It  has  been  determined  that  the  meeting 
of  1854  shall  take  place  at  Liverpool,  with 
the  Earl  of  Harrowby  as  President. 

The  Ray  Society  held  its  Tenth  Annual 
Meeting  at  Hull,  during  the  meeting  there 
of  the  British  Association,  W.  Spence,  esq. 
in  the  chair.  From  the  Report  it  appears 
that  during  the  past  year  the  receipts  had 
been  529/.  and  the  expenditure  466/. — 
leaving  a  balance  in  the  Treasurer's  hands 
of  63/.  The  Report  complained  of  the 
arrears  of  subscriptions.  The  cause  of 
delay  in  the  issue  of  the  last  part  of 
Meurs.  Alder  and  Hancock's  work  "  On 
the  Naked  MoUusca"  was  stated  to  be, 
the  wish  of  the  authors  to  add  as  large  a 
mils  of  new  matter  as  possible.  Of  two 
works  for  1852, — one  containing  a  trans- 
lation of  Braun  "  On  Rejuvenescence  in 
Nature,"  Kohn  **  On  Protococcus,"  and 
Menighiul  **  On  Diatomacese,"  was  nearly 
completed.  Thesecond  volume  of  Mr.  C. 
Darwin's  "  Barnacles  and  Sea- Acorns"  is 
in  the  press.  For  1854,  the  Council  pro- 
pose to  publish  Prof.  Allman's  work  *'  On 
the  British  Freshwater  Polyzoa,*'  with 
coloured  plates,  in  imperial  4to., — and  the 
fourth  and  last  volume  of  Agassiz's  '*  Bib- 
liography of  Zoology  and  Geology."— The 
•eoretary.  Dr.  Lankester,  stated,  that  Prof. 
Williamson's  and  Dr.  Carpenter's  work 
"On  the  Foraminifera'*  was  in  progress, 
and  would  probably  be  published  for  1855. 

The  Clergy  Orphan  School  is  about  to 
be  enlarged.  At  a  quarterly  court  of  the 
Gorernors,  held  on  the  3d  August,  the 
report  stated,  that,  as  the  schools  in  St. 
John's  Wood  were  inadequate  to  the  ob- 
jects of  the  charity,  it  had  been  resolved 
to  appropriate  them  to  the  sole  use  of  the 
girls,  and  to  increase  their  number  from 
70  to  100,  and  to  raise  another  edifice  for 
200  boys.  To  carry  out  this  purpose  it 
required  an  increase  of  funds  and  a  pro- 
per site.  Under  these  circumstances,  the 
Rcf .  Dr.  Warneford  contributed  3,000/. 
to  purchase  a  site,  which  has  been  found 
at  St.  Thomas's  Hill,  Canterbury ;  4,000/. 
towards  the  building  fund  ;  and  6,000/.  to 
foand  six  scholarships. 


The  mansion  of  Daylet/ord,  in  Worcea- 
tershire,  the  property  of  the  Right  Hon. 
Warren  Hastings,  having  been  sold  to  Mr. 
Grimswood,  of  the  Stock  Exchange,  for 
30,250/  ,  the  furniture  and  effects  hate 
been  dispersed  by  the  hammer  of  Mr.  Lye. 
The  sale  was  numerously  attended,  and  the 
furniture  and  other  articles  sold  brought 
very  good  prices.  Among  the  pictnret, 
"  Colonel  Mordaunt*s  Cock-fightat  Lack- 
now,"  by  Zoffany  (well-known  by  the  mez- 
zotint plate  by  Earlom),  brought  215  gui- 
neas ;  an  oval  Portrait  of  Warren  Hastings, 
by  Sir  T.  Lawrence,  53  guineas  ;  "  A  Col- 
lection of  all  the  Evidence  against  Warren 
Hastings,  in  13  vols."  sold  for  18  guineas. 
Our  readers  will  remember  the  fine  refleo- 
tions  of  Macaulay  on  the  purchaae  of 
Daylesford  by  Warren  Hastings:— "The 
dearest  wish  of  his  heart  had  always  been 
to  regain  Daylesford.  At  length,  in  the 
very  year  in  which  his  trial  commenced, 
the  wish  was  accomplished,  and  the  do- 
main, alienated  more  than  seventy  years 
before,  returned  to  the  descendant  of  ita 
old  lords.  But  the  manor-hoose  was  a 
ruin,  and  the  grounds  round  it  had  during 
many  years  been  utterly  neglected.  Hast- 
ings proceeded  to  build,  to  plant,  to  form 
a  sheet  of  water,  to  excavate  a  grotto ;  and 
before  he  was  dismissed  from  the  bar  of 
the  House  of  Lords  he  had  expended  more 
than  forty  thousand  pounds  in  adorning 
his  teat.*'  Sir  James  Mackintosh  describes 
the  examination  of  Hastings  before  the 
House  of  Commons  on  the  30th  of  March, 
1813.  "  The  appearance  of  a  man  of  fine 
countenance,  and  in  possession  of  spirit 
and  strength,  as  well  as  understanding,  at 
the  distance  of  thirty  years  after  he  had 
retired  from  the  supreme  government,  re- 
spectfully listened  to  as  a  witness,  at  the 
same  bar  where  he  had  been  arraigned  as 
a  culprit,  created  a  strong  interest.**  The 
last  twenty-four  years  of  his  life  were  spent 
at  Daylesford.  In  Macaulay's  Essay  a 
graphic  account  is  given  of  his  mode  of 
life  and  occupations,  '*  when  literature 
divided  his  attention  with  his  conservato- 
ries and  his  menaeeric."  He  died  in  1818, 
in  the  eighty-sixth  year  of  his  age.  "  Be- 
hind the  chancel  of  the  parish  churdi  of 
Daylesford,  in  earth  which  already  held 
the  bones  of  many  chiefs  of  the  house  of 
Hastings,  was  laid  the  coffin  of  the  greatest 
man  who  has  ever  borne  that  ancient  and 
widely-extended  name.  On  that  very  spot, 
probably,  fourscore  years  before,  the  little 
Warren,  meanly  clad,  and  scantily  fed,  had 
played  with  the  children  of  ploughmen." 
And  now  Daylesford  has  again  passed  into 
the  hands  of  strangers. 

Gibson's  Statu§  of  the  late  Afr  Robert 
Peel  has  been  e—  '-•H transept 

of  WestminstM  •«perlii» 


teadeuce  of  the  sculptor 
KUlptured  nt  Rome.  It  is  of  the  life-«ze, 
in  pure  white  tnarble.  ancl  atsndi  on  s  pe- 
dealat  of  blue  Teined  mirble.  The  likeneii 
is  good,  and  the  attitude  eiptcceive,  re- 
preienting  the  lute  slatesmBn  in  tht^  set  of 
adJreasing  tlie  Sinate.  and  marking  an 
empbaiia  by  the  pnttBUrB  of  the  palm  of 
Ibe  left  linnd  with  n  scroll  which  he  holds 
in  the  right  hand. 

Several  Slatuti,  representing  some  of 
Che  Kings  and  Queens  of  England,  bsie 
beCD  plsced  in  the  recesiei  of  the  central 
baU  of  the  Nrm  Palaei  at  Wetlmituttr. 
The  lUlues  are  of  &Iune,  end  executed  by 
Mr.  Thomas,  of  Regent's  Pnfk.  Tlie 
■oiertigns  represented  are  Henry  I  [.,  Ed- 
ward I. and  his  Queen,  Eleanor;  Eleanor, 
Queen  of  Henry  III. ;  Isabella,  Qaeen  of 
Bdwvd  11. ;  Edward  III.  and  bis  Queen, 
Philijipa  1  Richard  II.  ;  and  Henry  IV. 
SeTcral  other  statues  of  regal  penonagei 
are  nearly  CDmpieted. 

Ti'ndera  for  the  restoration  of  Carlitli 
Cathitlral  biTs  been  reeeiicd  from  four 
campetitore.  Measrs.  Uoie  and  Vasey. 
for   ]1,63W.  7».  Id.  were  the  snccessfiil 

Eartjea,  their  offer  being  G,O0D/.  below  tbe 
ighest.  Tbe  alteratiaDi  contemplated  are 
eitensiro.  The  groined  ceiling  of  the 
choir  is  to  be  removed,  anil  tbe  ancient 
orcular  ceiling  restored.  This  alteration 
alone  vrlll  coat  about  1,000/.  The  window 
in  tbe  north  transept  is  to  be  replaced  bj 
one  in  harmony  with  (he  style  of  tbebaild- 
ing.  The  present  entrance  from  Castle- 
elreeC  will  lie  closed,  and  a  main  doorway 
made  in  tbe  south  transept,  facing  the 
abbey.  Tbe  remoial  of  hoasea  iu  front 
of  the  large  east  windoir  will  afford  apace 
for  an  omamental  entranee;  hot  this  ia 
DM  included  in  the  apedfications.  The 
etflem  window  is  to  be  taken  down  and 
reitored.  and  tbe  flat  roof  of  the  transept 
will  be  removed.  The  ground  sarround- 
iog  Che  cathedral  is  to  be  lowered.  These 
alteratiooa  are   to  be  comple 


of  this  liandioniecdilice  has  been  at 
at  H  cheap  eatlag-houte  \ 

New  discoveries  are  continually  being 
made  along  the  line  of  (jle  Roman  Wall. 
Housesteuda  (Borcovicna)  is  being  gradu- 
ally laid  open  by  the  workmen  of  iCa  pro. 
prietor,  Mr.  John  Clapton,  to  whose  good 
taste  and  liberality  tbe  remains  of  this  and 
other  ttations  one  their  preaerration.  The 
gate-ways  and  gnard-ebambers  are  remark- 
ably well  preserved,  aud  the  whole  of  tjie 
interior  is  a  moss  of  ruina  which  only  re< 
qnire  very  alight  excavation,  for  the  founda- 
tiona  are  solid,  and  reach  almost  (o  tbe 
present  anrface  of  tbe  aoil,  A  caitEllnm 
(or  mile-caalle  aa  they  arc  called)  to  the 
west  of  BorcovicuB  is  also  under  procESI 

tereiting  features.  On  tbe  north  II  U 
bounded  by  the  great  Wall  Itaelf,  and 
through  it  was  a  wide  entrance  opening 
upon  a  narrow  platform  of  the  precipitous 
crag  over  which  the  wall  run!.  In  after- 
times  tbis  entrance  was  narrowed  by  in- 
serted walla,  and  the  level  of  the  floor  wu 
raised.  A  similar  continuance  is  noticed 
St  Houscateads  and  at  Birdoswsld.  Bird- 
oswald  (Amboglanns),  under  tbe  auapicea 
of  Mr.  Gtaiford  Potter,  is  also  discloaiag 
its  Ion g-cun ceiled  treasurea,  among  the 
last  of  which  was  a  valuable  inacHptioo 
recording  the  cohort  of  Deciiua,  su roamed, 
from  Hadrian,  the  .,Elian.  The  eicava* 
tiona  at  High  Rochester  (Brrmenium)  aru 
at  present  anapended. 

A  learned  archKologist  of  Tturt  found 
some  time  ago  ■  deed  of  Charles  tbe 
Simple,  King  of  Prance,  dated  919,  in 
which  mention  was  made  of  the  existence 
of  a  Roman  drcus  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
spot  at  present  occupied  by  the  CnCbedraL 
There  was  no  (radicion  of  any  such  place  [ 
bnl  on  examining  Cbc  ground,  which  \t 
built  on,  iC  was  noC  difficult  to  trace  ths 
form  of  one.  Excavations  were  made,  and 
they  have  led  to  the  discover;  of  a  com- 


■e  gomg  c 


without  ii 


a  fair  i 


nipllon. — Builder. 

A  new  building  of  architrclural  preten- 
aions,  tbe  St.  George's  Hall,  has  just  been 
opened  in  Braifford,  a  town  not  wanting 
in  cither  wcslth  or  public  spirit,  but  sin- 
gularly deficient  in  those  forms  of  eilerior 
grace  and  lieanty  on  which  a  alranger'i 
eja  cBu  rest  with  any  satisfaction.  Like 
moat  ullier  Torbsbire  towns,  Bradford  hai 
hitherto  paid  little  attenCian  to  the  arts, 
lis  streets  are  poor,  its  rows  of  hoasea 
heavy  and  monoConons.  Tbe  new  structure 
ii  of  stone,— the  style,  Composite  Greek. 
Tbe  large  ball  ia  highly  ornamented  ;  hut, 
■a  if  to  show  expressly  how  mocha  stranger 
in  the  town  is  good  tasle,  the  ground'floor 


lion.  From  the  m 
made,  it  appears  that  tbe  tranaverae  axis  of 
the  amphitheatre  is  133  metres  (the  metrs 
ii  a  aliade  more  than  u  yard),  the  conjugate 
axis  120  metres,  the  tranivene  aiii  of  the 
arena  68,  and  the  conjugate  axis  30; 
whilst  the  lobbies  are  4)  metres  wide,  and 
the  seats  conCaIn  13.500  cube  metres.  This 
eircua  is  one  of  the  largest  yet  found  in 
Prance. 

The  restoration  of  the  tower  of  Saint 
Jaques  de  la  Boacberie  in  Ptrii — one  of 
the  most  striking  and  most  oeglecled  frag- 
ments of  antiquity  in  tbe  capital — -baa  been 
ordered  by  the  authoriQef. 

Mr.  Thorpe,  the  editor  of  variooi  Anglo- 
Saxon  and  other  worki  connected  with 


Mirtcllaneous  Reviewi. 


tOct. 


eul;  Northelli  literature,  ii  prcpariog  for  iioocI'«  Magazine — hu  teceiTCd  Troin  her 

the  preii  >  mv  edition  and  tnaiUtion  vF  Mojistj,  ■(  Ibo  rtcammcnilatiaD  of  lh« 

BcowDir,fouDdedoaacallalioiiarUieCot-  Earl  uf  Aberdeea,  ■  peusion  of  lOOJ'  ■- 

tonika  MS.  mode  more  than  twcnlj  jregn  fear;   and  Uie  Rev.  WiUUm   Rickey,  ■ 

ago,  MhiD  it  irai  ia  ■  leas  damaged  coadi-  clergjiiian  of  the  Eitabliahed  Church,  and 

Hon  than  it  i»  at  preteul.  the  popular  agricallaral  nrlter  under  the 

The  widow  of  Mr.  D.  M.  Moir,  oF  Mm-  name  oF  "  Martin  Dofle."  hu  bei^n  •(- 

Belburgh— so  well  and  widelj  known  in  the  ligncd  a  pcDiion  of  SO/,  a-jear. 
world  of  letter!  n  the  "  Delta"  of  Black- 


HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


Tht  Slmtt  of  Vtiiiee.  Vnl.  II.  Bit 
John  Koakia.— The  author  of  Modem 
.  paintera  and  the  Seven  Lampi  of  Arcbi- 
'  lecture  baa  already  eatabliiibcd  a  rcputs- 
u  an  art-critic  of  the  (ery  highest 
order.  la  a  aubjecl  little  nndcralood, 
boldneaa  oFuaerlioa  and  the  use  of  a  few 
tachuical  terma  haa  too  often  beeu  deemed 
tafficient  to  jiutiff  the  assumption  oF  tbe 
wand  of  crilicum,  until  coanaiueanhip 
baa  become  a  bjeword  of  contempt.  It  ia, 
however,  among  ciitin  of  a  verj  diflifront 
claaa  that  Mr.  Ruakin  i>  to  be  ranged, 
and  among  these  it  la  do  flattery  to  aaiert 
that  he  alands  in  the  foremoil  rank. 

The  preaent  volume  Fnlly  HUBtainB  the 

bigh  character  which  ita  aatbor  baa  ob- 

uTned.    It  proenls  ua  with  a  careFuHr 

atadied  and   penetrating   analyais  oF  the 

Byiantine  aud  Gothic  stjiea  of  architec- 

tore,  and  a  recieor  of  the  princi|)al  eiam- 

plei  In  uch  of  these  atylei  to  be  found  in 

the  Venetian  Archipelago.     With  regard 

to  Gothic  architecture  juatice  it  done  to 

that  variety  which  ba>  no  name  or  proper 

plaee  among  tbe  itylel  of  the  North,  but 

I    whieb  our  author   terms    "  lurFace  Go- 

."    Tbe  principle  of  the  decoration  in 

I  Ola  atyle  is,  that  there  ahall   be  no  hlgb 

I   relief  in  the   ornamental  work,    shallow 

I    Bouldings,  columns  single,  not  clustered, 

Snoiclei  without  crockets,  and  with 
rarfcd  Qniali. 
I  AllhoDgh  we  cannot  diveal  uarselves  of 
•  natural  predeliclion  for  Engliah  Oothie, 
lUtl  we  must  acknowledge  the  great  ca- 
pcbilitie*  of  this  foreign  variety  ;  nor  can 
My  one,  we  thinli,  look  without  admira- 
liim  on  the  canopy  delineated  in  pUte 
XII.  of  the  work  now  before  ut.  We 
nay  obMrro  in  paiaing,  that  It  waa  evi- 
dently thiideacriptionofOothic,  with  which 
he  WH  probably  more  Familiar  than  the 
Enxlisb,  which  Sir  Christopber  Wren  liaa 
aimed  at  in  hi«  Towers  of  Weilminiter. 
though  there  is  in  tliem  nfficient  Inlluenoti 
of  ^(liib  Gotbie  and  Hcnaiaaaaee  to  mar 
their  socveaa  aaaipoalmeeofthestyle. 

Td  return,  however,  to  Dylan  line  a  rohi- 
tecture,  the  predeceaaor  and  prololyM  of 
tbe  spcciea  of  Gothic  of  which  ws  btia 


been  apeaking,  as  Our  English  Nonaan 
waa  oF  Engliib  Gothic.  Mr.  Ruskin  hu 
defined  its  principles  to  he,  thnt  the  build- 
ings are  oaiffattdly  inenuled,  this  school 
of  iocrusted  irchiiectnre  being  "  ibe  only 
one  in  which  perfect  and  permanent  chro- 
matic decoration  is  possible;"  he  conli- 
nuea,  "  onoe  understand  this  tbOTQUgbly. 
and  accept  the  condition  that  tbe  body 
and  availing  atrength  of  tbe  edifice  are  to 
be  in  brick,  and  that  thit  under  muscular 
poncr  in  to  be  clothed  with  the  defeooc 
and  brightneaa  of  Itie  marble  ns  the  body 
of  an  animal  is  protected  and  adorned  by 
ill  scales  or  its  skin,  and  all  the  conae- 
qnont  fitneisea  and  Uwi  of  the  alrartare 
will  be  easily  discernible :  them  I  shall 
lUIe  in  their  Dilnral  order.  1.  Tbil  ibe 
plintha  and  cornices  used  For  binding  the 
armour  are  to  be  light  and  delicnte.  tf.  Set- 
enee  of  inner  structure  in  to  br  abaodoned. 
3.  All  abafts  are  to  be  solid,  4.  The 
ihaFti  may  sometimes  be  independent  of 
tbe  construction,  b.  The  shafts  may  b« 
of  variable  aiie.  G.  The  decotBtion  moat 
b«  aballow  in  catling." 

We  must  refer  to  the  work  itself  for  tbe 
grounds  Dpon  which  these  lans  arc  >0P' 
ported,  and  tbeir  farther  illnstrstion.  wc 
shall,  however,  extract  the  Following  elo- 
quent defence  of  colours,  oFwhit  is  ofteo 
called  gay  colour,  bnt  in  Mr.  Rnskin'a 
nords,  "  that  lore  oF  bright  and  pure  co- 
lour which,  in  a  modified  Form,  was  after- 
wards tbe  root  of  all  the  triumph  of  tbe 
Venetian  achoola  of  painting,  but  oblcb  in 
ita  utmost  simplicity  wu  characteristic  of 
the  Byuintine  period  only." 

"  The  fact  is,  we  none  of  as  enough  ap- 
preciate the  Dobleaeas  and  sacredneia  of 
colour.  Nothing  ia  more  common  than 
to  bear  it  spoken  of  as  a  aabordlnate  beauty, 
nay,  even  ai  the  mere  annrca  of  ■roanal 
pleasure)  and  we  might  almoit  bcl>«Ti 
that  ire  were  dally  among  men  who 


MitcellanifOUi  Sevittes. 


Died  Tor  Ebi  moBt  prnt  in  thon^hrlewoeu  ; 
and  ir  the  ■prakrra  rould  onlj  Mke  Ihs 
piioi  to  imagine  what  the  irarlil  nnd  their 
own  eiiBteuco  would  becomo  if  the  blue 
were  Uken  from  the  sky,  nml  llie  gold  from 
the  lUDthine,  and  the  icrdure  froni  the 
Isaiet,  and  the  critnaon  rrom  iha  blood 
which  ii  the  life  of  man,  the  fluih  from  the 
cheek,  the  daiknesg  froin  the  eje,  tlie  ra- 
diance from  the  hair ;  if  Ihef  could  see.  for 
anitutant,  white  huioaa  creaturei  joa  white 
world,  the;  would  loon  Tcel  whit  thej  owe 
to  colour.  The  fact  ii,  that  of  all  God's 
gift*  to  the  light  of  man,  colour  i>  the  bo- 
lieit,  the  matt  dlTiue,  the  moit  aolemn. 
We  ipeak  mihlj  of  gtj  colour  ami  sad 
colour,  but  colour  cannot  at  once  be  good 
■od  gaj.  All  good  colonr  a  in  some  de. 
grec  pensive,  the  loTelieat  is  melaauhotr, 
■nd  the  purcalBnil  moit  thoughtful  minds 
■rr  tboaewhiah  lute  coloar  the  bat." 

He  deBnet  Gothic  ai  ■■  Foliated  Archi- 
iMture,  which  nita  the  pointed  arch  for 
the  roof  proper,  nnd  the  gable  for  the 
roof  mMK."  Here,  however,  we  must 
underitind  maik  la  a  coteriue  not  for 
concealment  but  protection.  The  chanic- 
teriatic  or  moral  elementi  of  Gothic  iie 
declares  to  be,  I.  SaTageDCfsorrudeneM; 
2.  Changefnloeu;  3.  Naturatiam;  1.  Gro- 
leaqueneai ;  b.  Rigidity  ;  6.  Redundancf. 
He  dividet  all  Gothic  into  "  two  vail 
■choola,  one  early,  the  other  late ;  of 
which  the  former,  nohle,  inTentive,  and 
profreaaiva,  oaes  the  element  of  fuliatloa 
moderstelf,  tbatof  floral  and  Hgnre-aculp- 
,  ture  decoration  profuieljr^  the  latter  igno- 
ble, uninventive.  and  declining,  oaM  folia- 
liOD  immoderatrl;,  floral  and  figure- 
acslplure  iubonlioatelj."  In  a  note  he 
iddi,  that  "  (he  two  achooli  mif  be  op- 
poted  oitber  aa  enrlir  and  late  Gothic,  or 
(In  the  fourteenth  century )  eoothem  nnd 
nortbem  Gothic."  We  hope  no  alur  is 
here  implied  on  the  perfection  of  our 
nofthen  earl;  decorated  Gothic,  which, 
though  diflering  eiituiderablj'  from  the 
itjls  of  the  moit  perfect  period  of  llaUin 
Gothic,  ia,  we  think,  in  no  degree  inferior. 

Hr.  Ruakin  has  contruted  with  the 
Veroneie  niche,  in  plate  XII.  a  ipedmen 
of  elaborate  Oamboyant  French  Iracerji 
froiD  Abbeiille,  which,  though  illoitrating 
well  the  different  character  of  the  north- 
ern atjile,  i>  not  s  favuurable  ciimple 
of  ita  merilt.  Nor  do  we  tbiuk  it  quite 
hit  Ca  auociate  the  term  Northern  Go- 
thic with  the  later  and  debated  period 
of  Gothic  nrcbitecture,  while  the  nobleat 
and  pnreat  apecimens  of  the  atyle  in 
Europe  nre  to  be  found  in  the  wurki  of 
northern  orehileets  of  the  century  previ- 
on*  Id  that  which  he  mentiDna,  The  cor- 
ruption of  Gothic  architecture  was  ri- 
pidlr  arretted  in  the  South  bv  the  urugrex 

Qkht.  Mad.  Vot..  XL. 


of  the  Rcnaiuaoce  which  tuperaedrd  it. 
Here  it  proceeded  with  little  external  in- 
lei'fErence,  till  it  became  degraded  into 
that  ttyle,  the  manufacture  of  deligna 
in  which  is  thus  'pl^y  deactibed  bj  our 

"  Throw  a  number  of  crowing  lines  to- 
gether at  ruudom.  aud  111  nil  thrir  iqnarea 
with  quatrefoila  and  cinquefoils,  and  yoa 
will  ioiniedintely  have  wliat  ivUl  pasa  with 
moit  people  for  lerj  aatiifactory  Gothic. 
The  alig^teit  pouihlc  acqaainianee  with 
existing  forms  will  enable  an;  DrchitecC  Id 
Tary  Ilia  pntterna  of  foliation  with  aa  much 
eate  a*  he  would  thoie  of  a  kalcidoarope, 
nnd  to  produce  a  bull  ding  which  the  present 
Earopean  pubhc  will  think  magniflcent, 
although  there  may  not  he,  from  fonnds- 
tiuQ  to  tlieciiping,  one  ray  of  iuTeudon.or 
any  other  iotellectusl  merit  in  the  whole 

It  is  imiiosuble  to  mianndentand  tha 
application  of  this  lail  stroke,  though  it  is 
perhaps  tool  harah  a  judgment  to  any 
that  the  building  to  which  Mr,  Raikin 
alludea,  "  presents  from  foondatioD  to 
coping  not  one  ray  of  inrpniion,  or  any 
oilier  intellectual  merit."  Another  op- 
portuuity  will  be  affoided  thii  country  of 
redeeming  ita  character  for  archltrcturat 
lagte,  in  the  erection  of  the  propoied  new 
National  Galleries  and  Mateums  at  Ken- 
sington Gore  1  and  we  may  hope  it  will  be 
better  employed  than  some  which  have 
recently  occurred,  and  been  misused. 

We  tinat,  moreover,  that  the  work*  of 
our  present  author,  ami  of  otiien  who  bare 
advocated  aa  worthy  viewa  of  architectural 
principles,  wilt  not  be  without  influence 
upon  the  lising  generation  of  architrcta ; 
and  we  rejoice  lo  acknonlodgc  the  high 
tone  which  pervades  the  artidei  of  our 
contemporary,  "The  Builder."  in  thia 
respect,  though  «e  see  with  regret  that 
moat  of  the  modern  works  delineated  in 
ita  pages  are  auch  as  ahould  he  regarded 
rather  as  examples  la  be  svaideH  than  for 
imitation.  It  is  >  melaucholy  fact  ibat, 
with  all  the  present  rage  for  arohitectural 
decoration,  the  great  deficiency  consist*  in 
■ant  of  honeaty— the  non-recognition  oT 
the  fact,  that  the  plainest,  barest  hriok 
building,  honettly  and  soundly  built,  jl 
handsomer  and  better  tbin  the  most  mag- 
nifloent  stucco  faiiBde.  Not  that  we  oon- 
demn  altogether  the  nae  of  stucco  ens  for 
eilerion,  bnttlicre  ia  one  fatal  er 
rather  vice,  which  unireraaUy  attends  it* 
present  use,  iAi  imUalion  iff  a/one  cOn- 
tlr»ellaiu  t»  pUilrr.  Thus  wo  aee  ttrick 
buildings  witti  quoina  and  window -dress - 
ingi  of  ttoeco,  when  the  rarerse  would  bo 
pardonable ;  heavy  cornices  of  the  same 
material  overhang  but  do  not  protect 
brick  walls,   and  »<  '"        '      "' 


M4 


MueellaneouM  Reviewi. 


[Oct 


iMr  ponderous  weight  cmih  the  na- 
iiMppj  workmen  nndemeath,  or  bring 
down  the  whole  ill-eonstmcted  erection  in 
one  min.  And  in  the  words  of  Mr. 
Raslcin,  "  the  weight  of  the  penalty  is  not 
jet  felt;  it  will  tell  upon  our  children 
gome  fifty  years  hence,  when  the  cheap 
work,  and  contract  work,  and  stucco  and 
plaster  work,  and  bad  iron  work,  and  all 
the  other  expedients  of  modern  rivalry, 
TAnity,  and  dishonesty  begin  to  show 
thomseWes  for  what  they  are." 

And  while  we  take  such  pains  to  hide 
mir  brickwork,  we  seem  ignorant  of  the 
infinite  scope  for  constmctife  decoration 
afbrded  us  by  this  material.  Clay  was 
mot  firen  to  us  to  be  moulded  into  oblong 
Mrallelophides  of  uniform  dimensions. 
Dot  to  be  worked  into  every  form  that  the 
necessities  of  construction  can  require  or 
ihooy  invent.  We  believe  that  the  now 
happily  repealed  excite  laws  of  brick - 
nuiting  have  had  a  most  injurious  influ- 
enop  on  our  English  domestic  architect 
tnre,  but  this  influence  unfortunately  sur- 
tives  them,  and  it  may  be  long  before  it 
entfarely  ceases  to  operate.  True  it  un- 
doubtedly is,  that  "  until  we  can  build  in 
brick  we  shall  never  be  able  to  build  in 
marble.*' 

We  most  earnestly  recommend  the  pre- 
iant  work,  and  the  other  writings  of  the 
aame  author,  to  all  architects  and  students 
•f  architecture,  nor  will  they  be  read  with 
leu  advantage  by  those  who  employ  ar- 
eliitects,  whether  building  for  themselves, 
or  as  an  investment ;  with  them  too  oflen 
vests  the  fault  of  bad  building  even  more 
than  with  the  professional  man,  and  they 
or  their  children  will  soon  find  that  false 
eoonomy  is  the  worst  extravagance,  that 
honesty  is  the  best  policy,  and  that  mere- 
tricious ornament  is  as  disfiguring  as  it  is 
debasing  and  contemptible. 

The  Oreat  Cities  of  the  Middle  Ages : 
or  the  Landmarks  of  European  Civiliza- 
Hon:  Historical  Sketches,  by  Theodore 
Alois  Buckley,  B,A.  Chaplain  of  Christ 
Church,  author  of  "  Great  Cities  qf  the 
Ancient  World,''  Sec  12mo.— We  have 
been  disappointed,  on  the  whole,  with  the 
execution  of  what  appeared  to  be  a  pro. 
mising  subject.  Mr.  Buckley  is  neither 
eloquent  in  his  reflections,  nor  graphic  in 
his  pictures.  There  are  many  papers  in 
Knight's  London  which  are  far  superior 
to  those  in  this  volume  t  which  has  more 
the  character  of  a  laborious  historical  com- 
pilation— though  of  course  limited  in  its 
kange  of  retrospect— than  that  of  a  series 
of  daguerreotypes  in  the  style  of  a  Scott 
or  a  Macaulay.  The  article  on  Venice, 
for  instance,  instead  of  presenting  such  a 
/fyivification  of  that  gorgeous  city  aa  the 


imaginatloii  would  ddight  to  realise  after 
turning  from  the  Italian  dramas  of  Shak- 
spere,  is  merely  a  string  of  extracts  firom 
Procter/ Dunham,  the  prefisee  to  LorA 
Byron's  Marino  Faliero  (Sir-tPranels  Pel- 
grave  being  still  called  **  Mr.  Cohen")* 
and  Ruskin's  Stones  of  Veniee.  Nor  are 
the  authorities  always  the  best  cboeen ;  aa, 
for  the  Roman  state  of  London,  the  obso- 
lete remarks  of  the  pseudonymic  Noortb- 
onck  are  quoted,  rather  than  the  very 
masterly  researches  of  Mr.  Arthur  Taylor 
published  a  few  years  since  in  the  Andiss- 
logia.  This  involves  a  very  important 
error,  viz.  that  Londinium  had  no  wall  on 
the  side  where  the  river  f^imished  a  aaEtv- 
rat  defence,— Mr.  Taylor  having  sueeeea- 
fully  shown  that  the  southern  wall  of  the 
Roman  city  was  on  the  high  ground  near 
Cannon  Street,  from  whence  there  was  a 
steep  descent  to  the  water-side. 

Not  keeping  to  the  Middle-Age  view 
proposed  in  his  title-page,  the  author  de- 
soends  to  more  modern  times ;  and  fai  ao 
doing  fails  from  defective  information ;  as 
where  he  says  of  Rouen,  **  Even  on  the 
quay,  where  all  the  activity  of  commerce 
is  visible,  and  where  the  outward  signs  of 
opulence  might  be  expected,  there  Is  no- 
thing to  fulfil  the  expectation.  There  is 
width  and  space,  but  the  buildings  are  aa 
inoongmous  as  can  well  be  imagined,  whe- 
ther as  to  height,  colour,  projection,  or 
material ;  most  of  them,  and  indeed  moat 
in  the  city,  are  merely  lath  and  plaster ; 
the  timbers  uncovered,  and  painted  red  or 
black,  the  plaster  frequently  coated  with 
small  gray  slates  laid  one  over  another, 
like  the  weather-tiles  in  Sussex.  Their 
general  form  is  very  tall  and  very  narrow, 
which  adds  to  the  singularity  of  their  ap- 
pearance ;  but  mixed  with  them  are  others 
of  white  brick  or  stone,  and  really  hand- 
some, or,  it  might  be  said,  elegant.  The 
contrast,  however,  which  they  form,  only 
makes  their  neighbours  look  the  more 
shabby,  while  they  themselves  derive 
from  the  association  an  air  of  mean- 
ness." Now,  this  is  not  the  language  of  a 
laudator  femporis  medieni :  it  is  in  fact  a 
quotation  from  Mr.  Dawson  Turner's 
Tour  in  Normandy,  and  no  doubt  a  very 
correct  description  of  Rouen  as  it  struck 
that  traveller  when  he  wrote  ;  but  so  far  as 
the  external  appearance  of  the  city,  along 
the  quays,  is  concerned,  a  modern  Rouen- 
nois  would  tell  Mr.  Buckley,  Nous  avons 
changi  tout  cela.  The  city  now  presents 
an  entirely  new  face.  We  could  help  him 
to  a  remark  which,  as  r^ards  the  interior 
of  tbe  city  of  Rouen,  is  far  more  to  the 
purpose :  we  mean  that  which  Evelyn 
makes,  that  he  found  it  very  similar  to 
the  older  parts  of  London  before  tbe  Great 
Fire. 


itlucellaneout  Rmiiemt. 


»85 


There  in  ■  eansidemblB  auoBnt  of  mis- 
prinla  in  tbe  book,  parClculirlr  in  the 
proper  simH,  nDil  wUere  (ajr  foruign  \aa- 
giuge  IB  (|Do»din  the  notei.  It  ig  lome- 
thin;  woriG  in  p.  371  "here  Eborunim  a 
lUlecl  to  be  the  "  micieol  Latin  name''  of 
York,  "  from  Eboratliria  {nc)  or  York- 
ehire."  Thil  iipUeing  tbecart  before  tha 
liorM.  For  thil  citj,  ive  maj  remaik, 
Mr.  Buckley  dopeniiB  solelj  on  oia  Dmkr, 
tUKlecliug  aad  probablr  unaware  of  Cbe 
eioelleDt  madiieiBl  niilerials  tbat  ha*e 
beea  publiibed  bj  tiie  late  Town  Clerk, 
Mr.  Dalies.  Que  of  tbe  luoit  curioui 
uticlee  in  the  book  it  that  upon  "  julin 
•nd  Wiibf,"  tbe  merchant  citiu  of  tbc 
Baltic,  which  ihowi  that  the  hiitorjr  of 
the  fanner,  otherwise  calW  Wollm,  baa 
bem  tniDiferred  lo  a  fabuloai  submerged 
citf  whicU  tome  of  tbe  cbionicleri  call 
Vinota.  In  (be  preparation  of  Ibis  arliulp, 
wbiidi  evolve!  the  hlerary  Itietor;  of  a 
■iiiguUr  legend,  tbe  uulhot  li^iii  beta  os- 
tialed  b;  Kenneth  R.  H.  Mackenxie.  eiq. 
who  Use  alio  eootribuled  that  portion  of 
tbe  book  which  reUtn  (o  the  .Spaoiali 
cities  of  Toledo.  Yoste.  andUrmada. 

Tkt  Cum  Colltelor't  Manu/il.iir  Oiidt 
la  Me  t/«mlimtl<e  Sludntl  in  tht  forma- 
tloi  Iff  a  Viidlyirl  of  aim.  Bg  H.  Noel 
Uoinphreja,  itelt.iro.  {H.  O.Bohn.) 
Tbe  rapidity  with  tiis  stiidjr  of  ancient 
Doins  and  medali  has  of  late  jcari  been 
proaecuied  ii  evidenced  b;  the  niiioher  of 
atudard  works  which  have  been  added  to 
the  ponderous  tome*  of  Eckbel,  lianduri, 
Morell,  anil  others.  In  tills  counlrj 
Pinkerlau  led  the  way  to  popularise  the 
aeicoce,  and  tor  s  long  time  hit  Essay 
(with  alt  its  errors  a  valuable  aud  useful 
treatise)  wm  almost  the  onlji  work  at. 
tariMble  bjr  tbc  iludent.  To  Mr.  Akcr- 
nan  must  be  accorded  the  credit  of  glviai; 
•D  Impetus  to  the  itudj,  and  oF  ]>UcinK  it 
on  a  lound  footing.  His  "  De9cri|iliTe 
CatalOf[UC  of  Rare  and  liieilited  Roman 
Coini,"  his  "  ManDalSi"  tbe  "  Cbins  of 
lln  Kamsn)  relating  to  Britain,"  and  tbe 
"  Coins  of  Citiea  and  PriDosl."  are  good 
wotkiog  books,  and  are  well  S|ipreoiat«d, 


ral  information  be  is  likelj  lo  require." 
until  he  hu  edvanoad  flu  enough  to  re- 
quire the  great  work  of  Eckbel.  lint, 
wilhoat  disparagemcDt  to  the  KCOpe  and 
object  ofa  M^iuuil.  this  it  ssyiug  almost 
too  mocli.  He  who  witheii  to  arrive  at 
proliciencf  in  a  eLuiiy  demanding  great 
pains  and  labour,  must  ncceuarilj  con- 
sult  the  works  of  those  who  have  mad* 

and  it  it  I  defect  in  tha  Manual  before  D(| 
that  referenoei  lo  aach  worka  and  lo  the 
maroet  of  the  author'a  informatiou  are  ao 
tperinglf  given.  The  chapter  devoted  to 
Britub  Coins  and  to  the  Coins  of  Gaul 
and  of  Spain,  is  by  no  means  oommensa- 
rate  with  those  ntiigned  to  the  Qreek  and 
Rnman  series,  and  jet  there  are  no  refer- 
encea  givea  to  some  of  tl 


t  divii 


Tbe 


The 


■  Nnrai 


the 


"  Namiamniic  Cbroniole,"  tbe  Utter  of 
which  i>  still  periodicsllT  pnblislied.  oon- 
tain  nan;  vilusble  papers  on  tha  chief 
deuartmCDts  of  NDmismatalogji. 

The  "  Manoal"  of  Mr.  Uumphrejs  U  a 
compilation  b]r  do  means  injadlcioualy 
■rranged,  with  numerous  well  eieoated 
plain,  which  render  it  attractive,  and  at 
the  tame  a  linking  example  of  what  is 
being  aiMompliibcd  in  printing  and  pub- 
lialiing  at  a  cheap  price.  Tba  author 
oooiiden  it  will  afford  the  atudeat  "  all 
the  instruction, 


remark  may  apply  to  tbe  chapter  on  the 
Saxon  Coinage.  PiakertoD  waa  quite  fne 
of  tbit  fault.  Ilia  Preface,  which  refera 
to  all  tbe  numismatic  works  of  authority. 
has  no  counterpart  in  Mr.  Humphrey's 
Manual,  That  numerous  errors  iboold 
Bliit  in  tbe  Srtt  edition  of  to  voluminout 
u  work  wai  to  be  eipeottd.  and  we  could. 
without  trouble,  point  out  many,  tome  of 
which  are  sufficiently  obvious )  but  aa  itia 
more  pleasing  to  dwell  on  merits  than  on 
defects,  we  will  content  ounelvei  with 
laying,  that  the  number  of  engravings 
would  alone  render  the  work  useful,  and 
that  (here  it  much  in  it  beiidci  which  may 
be  turned  to  advantage,  bat  tbe  student 
will  liod  it  inditpeuHible  to  consult  many 
other  volnmea  before  he  steps  from  the 
Manual  to  Eckbel. 

AiiilrtH  fa  fAf  CSrrj/j/  iff  Ikt  dioetitt  qf 
Duilia  and  Clndalagh,  and  Kildart,  0» 
Iht  rtcmt  rhangf  in  tht  tftlm  q/ 
IrM  Nalimol  Hducatimt.  Bg  Richard 
Whaldey,  D.D.  Anhbahof  of  Dublin. 
—What  a  masterly,  but  what  a  melan- 
eholy,  jiamphlat  ia  this  I  Masterly  in  it* 
details,  cODdcuiation,  aud  reasoning  ;  hut 
melsncboly  in  its  coocluiioiu  and  its  pro> 

tliecies.  We  have  been  aecuilomed  to 
lok  for  tbe  salvation  of  Ireland  in  iM 
national  edocalion.  How  this  system  wm 
organined  may  be  briefly  told.  There  was 
a  governing  board  composed  chiefly  of 
(treat  and  worthy  men  of  all  denomioa- 
bons.  No  booki  were  allowed  to  be  used 
in  school*  but  such  ai  had  been  unanS- 
mously  eanclJoned  by  the  board.  Even 
then,  the  books  were  not  compuliory  on 
th«  children.  Coatcientioos  objectioas 
msde  by  tbe  parenU  eaamptEd  tbe  child 
from  being  forced  to  use  them.  While 
thil  part,  and  the  most  im|>ortaDt  part,  of 
the  system  was  in  full  activity,  an  ultr«- 
moDtane  lectio  D  of  tbe  bolrd  autually  took 


396 


Mifttellaneous  l^eviews. 


[Oct- 


upon   themselves  to  order  the  abulitioii 
ilt^^ether  of  c#»rtuiii  books  which  hail  re- 
ceivnl  the  sanction  of  \\\t  <ntirr  hoJy  con- 
■titutiiig  the  board  itM  If.  The  Archbishop 
of  Dublin  wa"*  n^itni  ally  annoyed  at  snch  a 
course,  but  liis  con>o<|Ucnt  action  thereon 
we  cannot   confidcr  but   wiili   the  most 
intense  reijret.     His  eracf  immodiatclv  re- 
signed   his  njipointment  n^  a  im-inbor  of 
the  board,  on  the  ground  that  the  coarse 
taken  by  the  section  above  alluded  to  had 
entirely  overthrown  the  system  which  the 
Kovem'ment    had   pri*vion?«lr   established, 
llie  "  Address ''  contains  his  grace's  rea- 
sons for  both  his  opinions  and  actions  in 
this  mitter.  They  are  logical,  but  they  arc 
ntyf  •nti-i'ictory  :  for  by  allowing  them  to 
prevail  he  hus  tlung  the  manat^ement  of 
the  »y$tem  entirely  into  the  hands  of  the 
pjirty  tljat  wished  exclusively  to  possess  it. 
We  cmnot  refrain  from  niakinj^  one  ex- 
tarct,  which   is  admirable  for   its  quiet, 
)>olisiied,  and  fharjvedged  satire.     It  will 
be  only  neceitpary  in  reading  it.  to  remem- 
lier  that  Dr.  C'ullen  is  one  of  the  commis- 
Btoiiers  who  ]>resumed  to  alter  what  he  and 
the  entire  board  bad  sanctioned,  and  that 
he  was  once  editor  of  a  periodical  which, 
besides  mau'^Iiiig  science  and  history,  de- 
nou!iceii  modern  astronomy  and  declared 
th;it  the  sun  went  round  the  earth. 

*•  But  is  there  no  conceivable  case,  it 
may  be   asked,  which   would  justify  the 
conimi-i^i'mers  in  expunging    from  their 
list  any  book  once  sanctioned  by  them  ? 
Cert'iinly.  I  can  imngine  such  a  case.     If 
it  h!id  s»)  happened  (which  is  nest  to  a 
moral     impossibility)    that    the   commis- 
sioners   had     published    some    book    of 
HCience  or  hiftoni,  which  was  afterwards 
found  to  contain  much  that  was  errone- 
ous, and  miioh  that    was   obscure,  they 
would  t)e  authorised  to  withdraw  it,  and 
to  tubsiiluic  another  that  should  better 
fulfil  the  design  of  the  former  one.     For 
instance,  1  have  seen  a  book  of  geography, 
designed  for  the  use  of  schools,  in  which 
the  writer  speaks  of  the  Province  of  Ulster 
as  the  only  portion  of  Ireland  in  which  the 
English  language  is  in  common  use.     A 
book  that  should  abound  in  sucii  errors, 
or  that  ^'hould  teach  some  exploded  doc- 
trines of  astronomy,  for  instance,  or  che- 
mistry, or  any  other  science,  ought  cer- 
tainly to  he  suppressed,  and  gufierspthii 
f)t/  a  correct  one  on  the  sam^  nubjrrt.  liut 
thih  is  niiinifestly  quite  u  different   thin!; 
from  excludinq:  nltojrether  one  whole  hrnnch 
tif  ktudij^  on  which  hooks  h:id  been  I'are- 
fully   provided  and    unaniniou<»ly    reeoin* 
mended  by  the  coniniL*si(mers." 


that  is  not  a  romance,  and  docs  not  maks 
up  'MableauK*'  to  catch  applanK  aad 
terrify  those  who  gife  it.  Mr.  GrioMA 
volume  reminds  us  very  forciblj  of  DfiUer^ 
popular  little  German  work,  the  **Ge- 
Bchiehte  der  Jesuiten  ;**  and  perhaps  the 
btter  may  have  sui^gested,  if  not  fvmishad, 
matter  to  the  former.  The  history  of  this 
important  and  mysteriooa  companioBiUp 
14  brought  by  our  author  down  to  the 
latest  period-^d  in  this  respect  it  will 
probably,  as  it  appears  to  us  to  deserve* 
comm  ind  an  extensive  sale.  WiUi  this 
book  and  Bungener's  marvellous  **  Histoiy 
of  the  Council  of  Trent."  translated  by 
David  Scott,  a  man  would  find  hinsslf 
armed  at  most,  if  not  at  all,  points  agaiut 
a  threatening  and  common  enemy.  11w 
latter  i>ortiou  of  the  volume  seems  to  « 
to  be  valuable;  the  story  it  tells  is  one 
that  will  arrest  the  reader  in  his  cooise, 
and  compel  him  to  think — and  think 
deeply.  If  we  have  an  enemy  at  oar  door, 
at  all  events,  wc  have  now  been  safficiently 
warned  of  his  presence  by  the 
author  of  this  volume. 


The  JetfUits:  an  hitttoriral  Sketch.  Hy 
E.  W.  Grintield,  A/.i4.— We  are  glad  nt 
last  to  find  a  book  about  "  the  Society  '* 


Uumfcopalhjf  fairtf  repretemted.     /a 
reply  to  Dr.  Simpwn^t  **  Hommopmik^  " 
minreprexented.  By  W.  Henderson,  M.D. 
Profeifor  of  General  Patkoltm  in  thi 
Unirerfity  of  Edinburgh. ^T\xt\}nvwvndtf 
of  Edinburgh  is  really  quite  a  revolutionary 
establishment.     It  is  at  the  head  of  the 
medical,  or  rather  anti-medical  movement 
Its  motto  is  progress,  and  it  is  continoally 
making  pronunciamentoM,     It  wonld  not 
have  laughed  at  Jenncr,  and  probably  has 
an  affection  even  for  Dr.  Dickson,  whose 
treatment  is  being  adopted  by  those  who 
were  loudest  in  denouncing  him.     We  csn 
fancy  the  Edinburgh  professors  even  drink- 
ing to  the  memory  of  Dr.  James  Johnson, 
who  we  presume  after  he  had  made  a  for- 
tune by  **  practice,*'  left  on  record  that 
if  there  had  never  becu  a  drug  in  the  earth, 
nor  a  medical  man  upon  it  to  prescribe 
sucli  drug,  the  general  health  would  have 
only  >ii8tly   profited  thereby.     Just  two 
years   ai-o  Dr.  (iregory,  the  well-known 
pn)fessor  of  Chemistry  in  the  University 
of  Kdinhurgh.  startled  the  world  and  the 
"  profession,'  by  his  '•  Letters  to  a  Candid 
Inipiirer  on  Animal  Magnetism."     And 
now.  here  wc  have  the  accomplished  Dr. 
l!e:iderson  not  only  writing  the  history  of 
Ilom«i'opathy,  hut  upholding  the  system 
nn  one  worthy  of  adoption.     The  history 
in  luenlly  told,  and  the  reasons  adduced 
in    l.ivour   of    Hahnemann's   theory   and 
piaetiec   are,    if  not   aivays  convincing, 
Henerallv   approaching  very   close   to  it, 
and  are'worthy  of  respect  as  made  by  one 
iptalilied  at  least  to  give  an  opinion  thereon. 
Ah  the  writer  of  a  reply  to  Dr.  Simpson  we 


1853.] 


Foreigi 

e  in  Dr.  Hender- 

nt.      Pargoa  him- 
)  roughly  ireateit 


Diaforui. 

Tht  Moll  Holy  Trinily.  Bf  E.  Soper. 
8ki.  fy.  69. — Thii  i»  a  conipendioui  trset 
(for  in  bulk  it  it  burdi;  >  noiume),  can- 
taiaiog  a  great  deal  at  theological  inronni- 
tioD,  both  direct  and  HubndiBT7,  and  ma; 
he  iierj  uieful  ns  pirt  of  a  uonrseaf  atud^. 


on  Lhe  BUbJecl  wonid  be  premnlure,  but 
point  of  enquiry  ia  ■ttrti'il.  5.  Am  Et 
qtUrji  into  Human  Nature.  By  J.  G. 
"       icar.  D.D.—Tiiia  i>  merely    ' 


of  c 


,  andw 


.ble 


along  B 


id  able  n. 
of  I  Joliti, 


Chureh  ExpannoH.     By  Ikt  Rtv.  C.  D. 

Pearion,  M.A.  Fcp.  Svo.  pp.  riii,  194. 
— There  are  aomc  good  remarks  in  tbii 
Taliime,  but  ita  sugifeations  will  be  fannd 
niorR  difficult  to  follow,  we  imagiDe,  than 
the  anthor  anlicipatei,  preinmiag  them  to 
be  deairsble,  about  wbich  there  will  be 
ditferenesi  of  opinion. 

Pamphlit;  Bw.— We  lime  a  largo  ac- 
camaUtioD  of  theie  on  hand,  and  can  do 
Utile  more  than  enamerate  tbem.  1.  Rt- 
markt  an  tht  Prat  flaHl  Theory '>f  Church 
Mwiic.     By  8.  A.  Peara.— ContaiDiBome 

as  to  he  in  danger  of  diapleasing  the  Tery 
readeri  to  whom  it  U  most  congenial. 
S.  A  Pka/ar  wial  U  If/i  of  Iht  Catht. 
draU.  By  Iht  Rer.  J.  Jebb.— The  title 
eiplaini  the  object.  3.  A  Lttltr  Id  tht 
Bart  of  Derby. — Ad  argument  againit 
opCDing  the  Crystal  Palace  on  Sundays. 
-I-  A  Pint  LtUrr  to  tht  Rtv.  Dr.  Sfait- 
Umd.  Bf  tht  Rer.  E.  J.  Shepherd.— 
Gim  reaaooi  for  quealioning  the  genuine- 
ncw  of  Cyprian's  Epistles.  To  pronounce 


about  ahouST,  (i 
seeing  the  tKO  doors.  6.  A  Ltlttr  to  Iht 
Bithtf  nf  Bath  and  Wtlli.  By  Bitkap 
Spencer,  id  eif.— Thia  conUina  what  may 
be  called  the  Somersetahira  Ordination 
Correspondence,  and  will  be  of  future  use 
for  the  Church  History  of  our  day.  7.  An 
Appml  fur  a  Charilabli  Trtati  Atl  of 
Parliament. — Hits,  with  a  ipccini  refer- 
enfe  to  Dulwich  College,  proposes  Tarioui 
slleretioni  in  the  liiitalion  of  charftiea.  3. 
Enyland't  Tvo  Grtat  Mililary  Captaint. 
By  tht  Rm.  R.  W.  Bnih.— An  eulogiatic 
lecture  on  the  characters  of  Marlborough 
s,nd  Wellington-  9-  Convocation:  aCharge 
to  Iht  CItrgy  tf  Nottingham.  By  Arch- 
ittaeoH  Wilkins. — Strongly  advocatei  tbe 
riviialofConrocation.  The  epithet  «■•«. 
ttrPing,  applied  lo  Bishop  Burnet  (p.  14). 
sounds  harsh,  nut  to  uy  unjust.  10.  Roat 
and  Maynoolh,  By  Jamet  DougUi  <;/' 
Oiperi. — Of  the  aame  nature  as  the  pam' 
phleta  by  tbe  lame  author,  noticed  at 
p.  180  (Anguat).  Some  of  the  remarka, 
and  sketches  of  character,  incidentally  in- 
troduced, would  well  become  a  work  of 
higher  prelenmona.  11.  Tht  Ratltrn 
Qatttion.  By  on  Inquirer. — Discards  tbe 
favourite  phrase  of  stateamen,  "  the  in- 
tegrity of  Turkey,"  in  contemplating  the 
reataralion  of  the  Greek  Empire.  1^- 
Spttclt  qf  Ikt  Bithop  of  Saliibnry,  J%n« 
29,  1S53. — A  parliamentary  defence  of  hia 
Lordsbip'a  case,  aonccrning  tbe  retenuM 
of  tbe  see.  i 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE 


FOREIGN    NEWS, 


The  settlement  of  tbe  dispute  between 
Stittia  and  Tnrkey  appeai-a  to  be  more  re< 
mole  than  eier,  and  Ibis  long  protracted 
ijuealion  may  poisihiy  end  in  war.  The 
Sultan  baa  refuted  to  adopt  tbe  Vienna 
note  fnn  H  limple,  hut  baa  added  to  it  a 
pledge  on  the  part  of  the  four  powers  to 
defend  Turkey  against  a  repetition  of  the 
iasnita  recently  ioSicted  on  her  by  Russii. 
This  uncDded  note  the  Czar  bu  refused 
to  accept,  and  baa  marched  more  troupe 
into  the  principalities.     In  tbe  meantime 


Conilantinoplc 

mob  for  war  against  the  In 

pesn  questionable  whetber  Turkey  w 

be  compelled  by  her  own  sobjecta  te 

tbe  aggression  msde  on  her  by  Russia  in 

occupying  a  portion  of  her  territory.   Four 

French)  haie  paaaed  the  Dirdanelki.  and 
anchored  cll  Conslintinopte,  lo  protect  the 
Chrialian  inhabitoots  of  that  city  in  the 
erent  of  an  onlbreak. 


d9i» 


F'^res^m  *V-frf4. 


[Oct. 


At>  «ffcvi 


■  ■.*- 


at  k^*  cApftTk^  i^i  wm 


to 

MZinzmLi-i  to 

of  iW 


rn»ef. 


*«.:ri:; 


frrte&ieidi  Uk  airivai  «f  tj«e 
of  r.£s  ff  ca  lAe  wver  ;  rr 
He  kat  ae-7»rAiSi^  cxprt9i«d  Lj 
ior  tbe  rri wtina  of  kotdLnei.  sad 
panted  thsx  tLe  blorJu^  of  ikc  mcr 
He  aanoMni  "  tWai  ordcn 
»«iLed  to  th«  ^vrerBor*  of  <iif(ricti 
to  ariov  the  B«r»€<e  troop*  to  *:L»ck 
tke  tcrritocief  ui  wiacik  tW  BhikL  fotvtB- 
■Mt  h*4  pUced  iu  (arn»3ttf,"  «B-i  ke  kas 
.Mt  at  libsTtj  tke  Brituk  >«b^*«  who  k^ 
bccB  carried  fhaomen  to  Ava. 

phncipal  Dc«»  from  Cica^  if  tke 
of  an  attack  ■idc  bj  tke  lapcrial 
aiiitd  hj  tkeir  ieet  of  Euiope»a- 
riffed  vc»kU,  on  Chin- Kiaaf -loo.  Tbii 
city,  OB  tke  aoatk  bank  of  tke  Ya^-tae 
mcr,  it  tke  key  to  tke  vkole  Ckiaeae 
emfirty  and  to  efcct  its  capcore  tke 
Tartar  ckicft  vere  reaolred  to  stxiTC  tLcsr 
■tvicft.  Tbe  SLangkai  fleet,  cxMicutiBf 
of  tke  recently  |mrcbaicd  Ajptt*,  Ante- 
Wipe,  and  Dewaa,  armed  respectivelj  vitk 
iS,  12,  and  12  fmni.  and  tventy-ire 
kirckas,  coauncoced  tke  attad(  on  Ckim- 
Kiaag.fbo  on  tU  28tk  of  Maj.  Tke  de- 
limdeTB  bad  fully  prepared  thfirlrea  for 
tke  ftn^gle.  by  ftreaftkeatag  tke  de- 
fmces,  baming  dovn  all  tke  nburbc,  and 
■oontiog  beary  cannoo.  Tke  Skangkai 
icet  aacbored  abreaat  of  tke  dty  and 
CMoed  tbeir  fire,  which  waa  returned  froA 
tke  ftockadci  witk  great  ipiriL  The 
kcigbta  commanding  the  river  were  to  ad- 
mirably fortified  that  they  did  lerioiia 
damage  to  tbe  sbtpping.  The  fleet  pep- 
pered away  until  all  their  powder  was  ex- 
pended, when  they  were  forced  to  retreat 
about  a  mile  and  a  half  below  the  town, 
and  subsequently  returned  to  Shanghai. 
Tbe  loss  on  either  side  was  not  great. 
During  the  engagement  about  6,000  Im- 
perial troops  were  encamped  within  three 
miles  of  the  city,  coolly  looking  on,  in- 
stead of  attacking  the  fort^  on  the  land 
tide.  It  is  surmised  that  this  fruitless 
attack  on  Chin-Kiang-foo  decides  the  fate 
of  the  empire,  since  the  Tartan,  with  all 
the  foreign  aid  they  are  likely  to  get,  hare 
been  fairly  obliged  to  give  it  up.  When 
the  British  during  the  opium  war  captured 
Chin-Kiang-foo,  and  the  news  of  its  fall 


aa  Of  citaic  «f 
HovKoaf 


,  tke  first 
tke  8M*!iit** 


a  VaukaU 

T2<e  1  'rraT.T  city  of 
hj  tae  SpMianls  oa 
byaa 
tke  lyjit  of  Jmly.  It  <MSfHC)d  very 
dca2y  at  a  ^»%iter  after  two  p^m.  ¥rkaB 
tke  Bc»a»^  1^  eeased,  tkoae  vko  kad  tke 
fiVtame  t-j  be  preserred  nw  tkcmanfVi 
farnwaded  «;ik  raaa*.  Scarcely  a  itagte 
faaaily  kai  escaped  tke  Iocs  crfT  oae  ar 
i»ore  of  ru  mtibers;  aad  is  tbe  streets, 
•qaircs,  aad  DeagkSMarmg  fidds  wwa  aeca 
waaderixig  spectres  coterrd  with  klood 
a«d  da^  aad  fiikd  witk  terror.  71c 
— ''^^  of  rictims  is  said  positiTeiy  not 
ta  be  le«s  tkaa  six  kandred.  AA  tke 
paiilii  baiiisgs  fitQ — ris.  tkree  ckaiafccs, 
tke  castl;  of  Saa  Anfnaio  (tbe  last  prisoa 
of  Geaeril  ?^2  ,  tke  Tkcatre,  the  Ckaiilf 
Hospital,  that  of  tke  Lazarines,  tke  Col- 
lege,  tke  Goverzaneiit-hjase,  &£.  Tke 
riser  Mairansre*,  wkick  flows  tkroa^  tke 
town,  ro««  screzal  feet,  and  tbe  bridge  Ml 
wkick  connected  tke  tewn  oa  botk  sides. 
Almost  ail  tke  prisatc  bouses  were  ales 
deftroyed;  aad  tke  lorn  of  property 
amonnts  to  miUioas. 

Oa  tbe  4tk  of  May,  abovt  aa  kov  asd 
a  kalf  before  sanrise,  tbs  city  of  SkirmSf 
oa  tke  Persian  Oalf ,  was  desUoyed  by  ea 
eartkquake,  and  a  fast  nassber  of  peopie 
were  killed. 

Tke  andeat  city  of  Tleiet,  in  GreeoCf 
kas  also  suffered  from  tke  like  caase.  Tke 
town  was  composed  partly  of  new  hoaseSt 
solidly  built,  and  partly  of  old  ones,  ooQ* 
stracted  of  wood  and  bricks.  The  first 
bare  been  entirely  destroyed ;  and  tbe 
second  clai««  are  so  much  injured  as  to  be 
uninhabitable.  Eleven  persons  lost  their 
lives,  and  eighteen  were  t^ken  from  the 
ruins  badly  wounded.  Not  only  Thebes, 
but  also  the  neighbouring  villages  as  lar 
as  Platca,  have  so  much  suffered,  that 
seventeen  of  them  are  uninhabitable.  The 
town  of  Chalcis  had  also  some  houses  de- 
stroyed by  the  earthquake. 

Tbe  long- lost  r^alia  of  Htmgaty  has 
been  recovered.  The  crown  of  St.  Stephen, 
with  the  globe  and  cross,  as  well  as  tke 
sword  and  sceptre,  are  uninjured,  and  baTC 
been  conveyed  under  a  military  escort  to 
Vienna. 


DOMESTIC  OCCURRENCES. 


Oo  Snturdiy,  Aag.  27,  h*r  MbJmIj 
«id  Frlocc  Albert,  aEcompunicd  by  tlis 
Prince  at  Wales  ind  Priacc  Alfred,  and 
altended  b;  a  oumeroua  suite,  left  Oa- 
borne  in  the  Elfln  for  SoulhmrDptan,  rrom 
wheace  the  rojal  pnrlf  prouerded  bf 
the  Suuth-WeBtern  Railvaj  lo  Baiing- 
itoke,  by  (lie  Great  Western  lo  Learning- 
ton,  and  br  the  Nortb-Weatem  Railn4.y 
(bj  wiijr  of  Tamwortli,  Stafford,  Crewe, 
and  Cheater)  to  Hulybead.  Lojiil  ad- 
dreUH  were  presented  lo  her  Majeatj  nt 
Tannrorth  and  Checier.  Upon  arriring 
•t  Holyhead  the  royal  party  embarked  on 
board  [he  Victoria  and  Albert  rayul  yacht. 
On  Sunday  the;  visited  the  South  Stack 
LIuhlhouis  and  the  immenae  qnarriea 
from  which  the  atones  for  Ihe  breakwater 
now  in  conrie  of  consttucllon  are  ob- 
laiaed;  and  on  Monday  morning,  at  a 
qunrter  pnit  two.  the  weather  being  qviite 
enlm,  the  royal  squadron  kft  for  Ireland. 
The  fleet  appeared  before  Kingstown  har- 
bour at  a  quarter  before  eight,  and  an 
intertal  of  nearly  two  houii,  which elapced 
befbre  the  laading  took  place,  gaie  the 
liOrd-Ueutenint  sad  the  chief  magnates 
of  the  country  time  to  muster  on  board 
tha  Tietoris  and  Albert,  end  to  weicome 
their  Sorereign.  The  Earl  and  Countess 
St.  Oermani  presenteJ  themiekea  shortly 
before  nine  o'clock,  and  they  were  fol- 
lowed by  the  two  Archbishops,  the  Duke 
of  Lelniler,  Visconnt  Goagh,  Ihe  Lord 
Chancellor,  Chief  Justice  Monaghan,  the 
Sight  Hon.  J.  Hatchell,  the  Right  Hon. 
P.  Blackburn.  Colonel  Taylor  and  Mr. 
Bamlltan,  members  for  the  county  of 
Dublin,  and  mBDy  other  personagea  of 
dlatlDCtinii.  An  addreis  was  presented  on 
boird  by  Lord  St.  Lawrence,  High  Sheriff, 
from  the  inhabitants  of  the  county  of 
Dublin,  in  which  it  was  mentiuaed,  as 
"  an  additional  reason  to  welcome  your 
Majesty's  lisit  among  us,  that  It  gite*  yoat 
Majesty  an  opportunity  of  inspecting  an 
Exhibition  of  the  elegant  and  industrial 
arta,  the  eipenae  of  which  hai  been  de- 
frayed by  the  epontanenat  munificence  of 
a  lingle  Irishman,  Mr.  William  Dirgan, 
•nd  whicli  has  been  desjgned  and  carried 
oat  almort  eiclusirely  by  Irish  intrlligence 
and  skill.'  At  the  WctUsnd.row  ter- 
minus the  Corporation  of  Dublin  were  in 
waiting  to  reoeiie  her  Majesty  ;  and  the 
tbenec  proceeded  through  the  City  to  the 
Ticc-regal  Lodge  in  the  Pbmm»  Park. 
In  the  eiening  the  public  buildings.  Ihe 
batels,  and  many  priiale  hon«et,  were  il- 


luminated.    On  Tuodny  her  Majesty  f1 

sited  the  Exhibition,  when  an  address  W 
presented  lo  her  by  the  ehalnnan 
Eiecntiie  Cammitlef,  Mr.  Alderms 

Mr.   Dargitn   was   introduced,  and    . 

hands,  and  was  afterwards  addressed  bybcjfl 
Majesty,  who  grasped  his  arm  when  coo^  1 
manding  him  to  rise.  She  afterwards  r6*  f 
reoeived  in  the  Great  Hall  an  i 
from  the  City  of  Dublin.  At  a  latl^  \ 
period  of  the  day  her  Majesty  rislted  Mr^  ' 
Dargan  at  his  residence,  Mnnnt  Annfllli.  I 
■nrl  remained  there  more  than  half  an  bontf  I 
The  Eiblhilion  WBi  ngalu  visited,  and  i  ~  ' 
on  Tharaday  and  Friday,  at  an  early  he 
her  Mnjesty  making  numerous  purchi 
On  Wednesday  a  review  took  plac 
the  rhcenix  park,  the  effect  of  w 
was  marred  by  unfarourabls  weatocKH 
Un  Thursday  the  Royal  Hibernian  Ac^fl 
demy  was  rlsited,  and  on  Friday  I 
cifltle,  liie  mansion  of  the  Earl  of  Howth?  '] 
The  same  day  the  Prince  of  Wales  pr«|  I 
sented  a  pair  of  colours,  given  by  the  lidlq|  | 
of  Dnblln,  to  tbeboisoftheRoyalHibetc  J 
nlin  Military  School,  and  made  his  fir^  | 
public  speech,  in  the  ful  to  wing  words ;  "J  | 
hare  sincere  pleasure  in  preseutiag  jat,  m 
with  these  colours.  You  are  soldienr  J 
sons,  and  know  how  to  value  tbem. 
hope  you  will  keep  them  in  i 
of  (Ilia  day,  and  remember  me  hereafter,* 
On  Saluiilay,  at  6  p.  m.  her  Majesty  rol  — 
embarked  at  KiDgstown  Harbour;  on  Satl  j 
day  she  proceeded  to  Holyhead,  and  on 
following  day  took  the  route  by  Carl 
for  Scotland.  The  royal  party  arrived  it  J 
Balmoral  on  Tuesday  eteniog.  1 

On  Ihe  IDth  Sept.  Ihe  hit  >/  hlay,  tba  J 
largest  and  most  valuable  estate  perhoM 
ever  sold  in  Scotland,  was  exposed  if 
Messrs.  Cay  and  Black*s  rooms  at  BdlK- 
burgh,  at  the  upiet  price  of  440,0001  anil. 
after  eompetition  between  Mr.  Morrlsopi 
of  the  great  flnn  of  Morrisoii,  Dillon,  aad 
Co.  London,  and  Mr.  James  Baird,  of 
Gsrtiherrle,  M.P.  for  the  Falkirk  Burgfai: 
was  knocked  down  to  Ihe  former  It' 
4&I  ,000/. 

It  is  atited  that  Lord  tiondesborotuk 
baa  completed  the  purchase  of  the  AM 
estate  for  270,0001.  from  ihe  Hon.  Mrf, 
Petre,  widow  of  the  Hon.  E,  Pelre.  of 
Selby.  Mrs.  Petre,  who  was  left  sole 
eeutrii  to  her  hatband,  with  the  wl 
property  at  her  own  diapoaal,  baa  t* 
the  veil  lo  France,  and  tb*  whole  of  Ihe 
property  will,  of  course,  go  to  the  fi 
nf  the  nnnnery  which  she  hoa  mtered, 


"        J 
"        I 

J 


400 


Domestic  Occurrences. 


[Oct. 


The  ReT.  L.  V.  Harconrt,  son  of  the 
Ute  Archbishop  of  York,  is,  as  Chancellor 
of  the  Cathedral  of  York,  patron  of  cer- 
tain benefices  in  the  neighbourhood,  and 
appropriator  of  the  tithes  in  each  parish. 
Ai  the  opportunity  of  doing  so  has  pre- 
sented itself  by  the  falling  in  of  leases  Mr. 
Harcourt  has  aTailed  himself  of  the  powers 
of  1  and  2  Will.  lY.  &c.  and  augmented 
the  benefices  as  follows:  Laughton,  for- 
mer Talue  190/.  increased  to  310/. ;  Thorpe 
Salfin,  formerly  70/.  now  355/. ;  Wales, 
formerly  82/.  now  211/.;  Letwell,  formerly 
145/.  now  365/. ;  Woodsets,  a  new  church, 
St  endowed  with  100/.  per  annum. 

The  plans  for  the  internal  renoration  of 
OUtgow  Cathedral  hate  now  been  finally 
deeided  on.  The  alterations  principally 
consist  of  the  remofal  of  the  galleries, 
staircases,  and  all  the  seating  of  the  edifice, 
the  clearing  out  of  the  screen  separating 
the  choir  from  the  nafe,  as  also  the  con- 
necting of  the  Lady  Chapel  with  the  choir 
b?  the  removal  of  the  plaster- work,  and 
what  has  been  denominated  the  "  stark- 
staring"  stained  windows.  The  whole  of 
the  choir  is  to  be  reseated  with  oak  benches 
and  stalls,  and  a  small  gallery  is  to  be 
formed  at  the  west  end,  in  connection  with 
the  organ  gallery,  which  will  form,  when 
required,  the  seat  of  royalty.  The  rooft  of 
the  whole  building  are  to  be  strengthened 
and  remodelled,  Mr.  Burn,  the  architect 
for  the  Woods  and  Forests,  being  of  opinion 
that  their  present  defective  construction 
has  had  a  serious  eifect  on  the  outer  walls. 
All  the  slatiug  is  to  be  taken  off  and  re- 
placed with  lead.  The  expenses  except 
reseating,  which  is  to  be  borne  by  the  cor- 
poration, are  to  be  defrayed  by  a  grant  of 
about  4,006/.  voted  in  the  last  session  of 
parliament.  Operatious  will  commence  on 
the  I  St  of  March  next 

One  of  the  unsightly  appendagea  to 
Cireneetter  Churchy  known  as  the  north 
gallery,  is  now  removed,  and  the  chapel 
dedicated  to  the  Holy  Trinity,  built  on  to 
and  parallel  with  the  north  aisle,  made 
part  of  the  body  of  the  church.  The  light 
clustered  pillars  which  support  the  arches 
that  separate  the  chapel  from  the  aisle  are 
connected  by  a  stone  screen,  composed  of 
slender  shaf^  and  surmounted  by  Gothic 
tracery,  originally  erected  to  mark  the 
division  of  the  principal  and  subordinate 
parts  of  the  edifice.  This  screen  has  been 
Utterly  obscured  by  projection  of  a  wooden 


incumbrance  now  taken  away.  The  stone 
floor  of  the  chapel,  which  is  inlaid  irith 
some  ancient  and  curious  brasses,  has  been 
taken  up,  and  the  area  boarded  and  filled 
with  carved  open  sittings. 

A  new  race-stand  at  Daneaater  is  nearly 
completed.  The  large  room  on  the  groimd 
floor,  which  is  12  feet  high,  33  feet  long, 
and  14  feet  wide,  is  to  be  appropriated  as 
the  weighing-room  for  jockeys.  Imme- 
diately above  is  the  saloon,  of  the  same  di- 
mensions, lighted  by  five  windows,  about 
10  or  1 1  feet  high.  The  balcony  consists  of 
three  steps,  and,  with  the  eight  stone  pil- 
lars which  support  it,  is  built  in  the  same 
style  of  architecture  as  the  centre  balcony 
of  the  Grand  Stand.  There  are  twelre  steps 
on  the  roof,  which,  together  vrith  the  biu- 
oony,  will  accommodate  about  300  per- 
sons. There  is  an  octagonal  wing  at  each 
end  of  the  stand,  8  feet  6  inches  by  12 
feet,  and  containing  four  windows  in  each. 
The  western  one  is  intended  for  reporters, 
and  that  on  the  east  for  the  clerk  of  the 
course. 

The  Roman  Catholic  Institute  at  lAver- 
pool,  a  new  Gothic  building,  raised  in  the 
garden  of  the  conventual  scholastic  estab- 
lishment in  Hope- street,  was  inaugurated 
formally  on  the  3 1st  Aug.  by  Dr.  Wise- 
man. The  building  has  a  high'pitidied 
roof,  and  consists  mainly  of  a  lecture-hall, 
chancelled  at  the  south  end,  beneath  which 
are  schoolrooms  for  the  education  of  boys, 
of  whom  there  are  at  present  130  on  nie 
rolls.  The  lecture-hall  is  75  feet  by  25 
feet  in  size,  30  feet  high,  and  is  capable  of 
accommodating  about  500  persons.  The 
chancelled  portion  of  the  hall  forms  a 
chapel,  93  feet  by  13  feet,  at  the  east  end 
of  which  is  a  small  sacristy.  The  wood 
composing  the  altar  will  be  of  oak,  and  the 
fittings  of  the  richest  description.  The 
chapel  is  lighted  by  one  three-light  and 
thirteen  two-light  windows,  to  be  filled 
with  staioed  glass.  The  style  is  of  the 
Decorated  period,  the  remainder  of  the 
building  being  of  plain  domestic  character. 

Wettjniniter  Bridge,  By  an  Act  re- 
cently passed  the  Corporation  of  West- 
minster Bridge  is  dissolved,  and  the  bridge 
and  estates  are  transferred  to  the  Com- 
missioners of  Works  and  Public  Buildings. 
The  estates  produce  a  rent  of  7,406/.  la,  Sd. 
per  ann.  A  new  bridge  is  to  be  built  near 
the  present  site,  and  the  old  bridge  is  then 
to  be  removed. 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


GAttTtt  PKBrnnui 


Auf.  71.     Bmtt^.^For  WiUlini  Ninioii 

f«q.  (pp^Dlfd  ■  UnmsiHianer  for  liiqalrlng 
into  BirnilnKtAin  Boroufb  Priion. 

Aag.ll.  IlkhiirdBiroiiiuq.iobeAdtocile- 
Ocnenl  fOr  tbe  tmitorr  of  WmIftii  Analnlii. 
— JoHlib  Hfnalrv.  nq.  lobei  Uember  of  Ibc 
BKCDtIn  CODUcil  of  rriiicc  EdwurJ't  Iilind. 
— Edwxrd  CbanMii,  nq.  lo  be  >  Slttnber  of 
the  Coandl  of  GaTFrnmcal  of  Ihe  ialind  of 
HuiritiDl  during  Iha  temporary  nbHnnDf  Dr. 
Uml,  ■  Uembir  of  Ibit  0o*rd.— Toaauint 
Rouant.  en- 10  be  ■  Membrr  of  th<  t^lslntlvo 
Council  of  tbt  iiluid  of  Trinidad  darlni  Ibo 
Ufoporarr  abKDce  of  WtllUni  Burnley  Ilnnie, 
ccq.  a  Hcoibti  of  Ibit  Board. 

Aaa,  as.  tlMmu  Alexander  Lord  Loral  ID 
bt  Ueat.  and  BherilT  Priodpa]  of  llK  ataire  of 
InrernesaiidtiisrooniofFraDcia  William  Enrt 
erSafleld,  dfceated— Viclorfa  EUOeXUiddk- 
■h),^,  Dnunmond,  Hq-  Due  deMelfortj  to  be 

^.a.  Xnd  Foot,  Ma<ar-Ocn.  Sir  J.  Rolt, 
K.CB.  and  K.C.  lu  be  Colonel;  M^r  S.  W. 
Jepbson  to  be  Lieut. -Col.-,  brevet  Ijenl.-Col. 
O.  BatrinMn  la  be  Major.— lut  Fool,  M^r- 
Geo.  Sir  DeLacrEians,  K.CB.  lobe  Colonel. 
— Ronl  Horu  Oairdi,  UeuL-Col.  C.  Dn  IH 
Kwun  u  be  Uent.-Col.:  brevet  Uent.-Cal. 
Iftn.O-C.W.romleTlDbeLieDt.-Col.i  brevet 
Major  Hon.  H.  Pitl  la  be  Major. 

oail.i.  JuuaCaimo  MelTill,  eaq.  9ec.lo 
tke  bwn  of  Kncton  of  Ibe  Ea>t  I  ndla  Com- 
puy,  (•  be  ■  Knigbi  Comaiander  of  the  Bitb. 

Jiift.  J.  Viacoant  Stralhallin  elected  ■  Ke- 
proeDUUre  Peer  of  ScotUind. 

Btpl-  9.  Col.  Ibe  Hon.  Charles  Beiumonl 
mpia,  Keeper  of  Her  Hejeily'a  Prlrr  Pont, 
M  be  a  Cotopanios  of  the  Uatb. 

«V<,  IS.  lal  (or  Qrenadier)  Fool  Guarda, 
Maior  aod  brevet  Cblonel  P.  S.  atanliope  to 
bt  uent.-rDl. ;  Capi.  and  LienL-Cot.  and  bre- 
T(t  CW'  R.  W.  Astell  to  be  Major ;  Lieut,  and 
Oipt.  and  bnrtel  M^jor  S.  BnwnriM  lo  be 
Opt.  and  Ueol.-Col.-^Kh  Pont.  Mafor  T.  N. 
MlloatobeMalor.— <1st  Foot,  M«<ar  tt.  B. 
UMaty  U  be  Major.-Brtiel,  HiOor  the  lion. 
H.  Pitt,  of  tbe  Hoyal  Regl.  of  Horse  Oaarda, 
10  bl«*  Ihe  reDk  of  Lleul.-Cal.  in  tbe  Ann*. 

Btpl.  U.  The  BichE  Hon.  Ihe  Earl  of  Har- 
i«<r&  i  Ibe  RbFbt  Hon.  Davlil  Richard  Pint, 
CMefHaran  oftba  Court  of  aicbequ—  •" 
laad;  Honlifon  LoagDcId,  LL.D.,  one 
IbkalTte  CkiDnael;  Trarers  Titiia.  I 
aMTtaaKS  O-Fernll,  eaq.  lo  be  Her  Majeaty-a 
—  •  d~-~- fnr  i,qa,nD[intothe  Miinive- 
•1  of  the  Collcte  of  May- 

.     ..    L  Boaser,  eiq.  Co  be  A»- 

it  Sorreiwr  and  Engineer  fur  the  colony 

gifl.ab.  "nt  Ret.  John  Tolnie  has  been 
pnaeoled  by  Her  M^ealy  to  tbe  cbnrch  at 
TaaJBlml,  pmb.  of  Abernetby,  Bantbhire, 
*acaat  by  tbe  death  ofKev.  Georgo  Hmce. 

Ar*<.t7-  OeornVonnir,  eaq.  to  be  SberitT 
■f  Ibe  ahire  or  abeiUrdom  of  InTemeu,  la  Ibe 
nam  of  Wm.  Fraeer  Tyller,  mi.  deceaaed.— 
fMB<li  LDuuda.  esq.  la  be  H.  H.'i  Cooatil  at 
RIb,— Willlaai  Joie[di  Bmenon,  t*].  lo  be 
B.II.'*CanBrnllD  the  lalaad  ofSt.  Thomas.— 
BMmLieal..CoL  Fred.  Uolt  Robe,  C.B.HiO°r 
SB  half-pay  of  STih  Foot,  lo  be  Lleat.- Colonel 
wllkoat  parchue.— Capt.  Sam.  Jas,  Skinner, 
Hod.  Frad.  Byron,  Wm-  Wanrlck  Hawklni, 
eaq.  and  Tboa.  barker  Wall,  esq.  lobe  Depnly. 
Ueati-  of  <be  cdddi;  of  Essex. 

Gist.  Mar.  Vol..  XL, 


le  of  Her 


Naval  Pbefebhikti. 
■S/jil.  i;.  Vice-Adm.  E.  Hawker  la  I 
ninlofTheliliie;  RearAdm.  R. Arlbni 
o  be  Vice-Admlnl  of  Ibe  Ulae;  CapI 
>.  Fluclarence,  O.C.H.  to  be  Kear-AilB 
lieBlue.  Tobe  RelimlRear-Adminlion 
FrniB  proposed  191  Sept,  1M«:1  Retired  C 


EcCLEfilAS-riCAL  PaSrEKHtNTS. 
tev,  C.  M.  Arnold,  Minor  Canonry  ii 

minster  Abbey. 
tf>.  U.  Uellaira  (R.  of  BedHortb),  H< 

Canonry  in  Cailiednl  Church  of  Wan 
ley-  R.  Campbell.  Canonry  In  Perth  Ci 

and  PrlncipalBhip  of  Dlocenn  M 
■--.G.  M*dan(V  -"■  " —  "- 


i(V-o(Bt.  Harr 

toll,  Honorary  CanoBryof  Bi 
lei.  S.  H.  Meyrick,   ■'  '      ' 

and  Sab-Oeaoery  of  1 


iryofL 

H.  Meyrick,  Ftritend  of  M< 
VOeaDery  afLiemore. 
:.  Morgan  (V.  of  Abbotts  Leixh), 


Canonrr  in  the  Cathedral  Church  o 
Her.  Sir  O.  Pieiost,  Bart.  Hononry 

In  Gloneeiter  Cathedral. 
"    '.  W.  VUlers  (V.  of  Bromscrote.J  P 
anonry  In  li^lhedral  Chorch  of  Wc 
>.  J.  Aldooi,  Holy  Trinity  P.C-  Sb> 


Rev.  C.  G.  T,  Barlow,  Roekii  ^  . 
Rev.  U.B.  Bollocke,  MaUionV.Cornirall. 
Rev.  J.  Bosh,  Orinsfcirk  V.  Lancashire. 
Kev.  A.  M.  Cliff,  MaUow  R.  dio.  CMrne. 
Rev.  F.  W,  Ciriliioa,  Hxnraod  B.  IJevou 
Kev.  H.  Cooper,  Stoke-Prior  P.C.  Herefc 
Rev.  U.  P.  tioisefat,  Drioketane  E.  ~ 
Hev.  K.  S.  T.  Daunt,  St.  Steptaeo-by-L 

P.C.  Com  wall. 
Yen.  T.  U.  Daties,  Cbriat  Cbarcb  E 

Rev.  I.  Durrant.  Tfaomlon  P.C.  Lai 
Bev.  K.  Evans,  Beeleg  R.  Norfolk. 
Kev.  II.  Evana,  Rriiwell  R.  SoffDIk- 
Rev.  W.  B.  Oimetl,  Banbury  Preachi 

Cheshire. 
Rev.  R.  J.  Green.  UlnlKsrdlne  V.  HereToi 
Rev.  J.  Healy.  Redniile  H.  Leicestershire. 
Rev.C.  HUl,  Plddlngtonr  -    -    -     - 
Rev.  A.  H.  Hoare,  Calbot 

ClaleofWiibt. 
Rev.  r.  IlaekA.  Phillaek  R.  ir.  Gnitbian  R. 

CoruwalL 
HsT- A.  HutlOD,Ulgbead(or  iTecilil  F.CCumb. 
Rev.  D.L.  Jamea.St,  John  Ibe  Evangelist  P.C. 

Pont  Robert  Ap  Oliver,  Meivod.  Montnm. 
Rev.  H.Jones,  Sbelley  P.C.  Saltblk. 
Rev.  T.  Jones,  While  RaiUnE  B.  Kaaex. 
Ber.  J- Hacaaasbt,SI.ChryBOBtOD  P.C  Ever- 


.  Folnhele,  3t.  Steven 'a-by-3i 

.  llobluB._HolyTrlnlI;  P.C.Dover,!! 


_.jnlIvP. 

Bev.  C  R.  Rowlatt.  Weil  Tliar 

fleet  C.  Eases. 
Hev.  T.  F.  Balmon,  Waldershare  V 

field  (or  Beaufleld)  PC.  Kenu 
Rev.  T.  Sanies,  All  Salnta'  P.C.  talioctoa- 

Bev. U- Stevenson,  All  SaiBU'P.CKeir - 

Bei-T-  Snitli,  Ossiorton  D.  Nolls. 
Rev.  J.  R.  Stock,  FlBcUaifieU  V.  Rasea. 
Bev.  II .  Thsmpaoo,  OaaS  V.  Soffieiaet. 
Rev.  J.  8.  CtWMM),  Faraham  V.  Surret. 
Rev.  F.  Wbrier,  DuDchnrch  V.  Warvrlcksbi 


402 


Birthi^'Marruiges. 


[Oct. 


jyi  Chaplatnciet. 

Rev.  J.Carter,  to  Emi^^raut  Ship  Uerefordtbire. 

Rev.  K.  C.  DowdinfT,  to  the  Union,  Devizes. 

Rev.  II.  H.  Hig^ins,  to  Lunatic  Asylum,  Rain- 
bill,  Lancashire. 

Rev.  J.  ik)wter,  to  the  Eases  Lunatic  Asylum, 
Brentwood. 

Rev.  R.  Tomlins,  (Assistant)  to  the  English  at 
Rome. 

Collegiate  and  Scholatiie  Appointmenit, 

Rev.  W.  G.  Barker,  Director  of  the  Church 
Missionary  Children's  Home,  Highbory- 
grove.  Islington. 

Rev.T.E.  Espin.  Professor  of  PastoralTheology, 
Queen's  College,  Birmingham. 

Rev.  G.  T.  Lermit,  Head  Mastership  of  the 
Grammar  School,  Dedham,  Essex. 

Rev.  E.  Thring,  Head  Mastership  of  Upping- 
ham Grammar  School. 


BrratuM.—P.  SOS  ante,  col- 1,  SSd  line  from 
bottom.  for(Coombes)  "  St.  Man  Magdalene,** 
read  ••  St.  Peter's.** 


BIRTHS. 

Juljf  13.    At  the  Bishop's  palace,  Calcutta, 
the  wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  Blomefield,  a  dau. 

Aug.  4.    At  Chalfont  lodge,  Bucks,  the  wife 

of  l/oicester  Hibbert,  esq.  a  son. 5.    In 

Gordon  &t.  the  wife  of  Harouel  J.  Wilde,  esq. 

barrister-at-law,  a  dau. At  Elvidge's  hotel, 

Dublin,  the  wife  of  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Down 

and  Connor,  a  dau. 7-  At  the  Royal  Arsenal. 

M'oolwich.  the  wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  wison.  R.A. 

Director  of  the  Royal  Laboratory,  a  son. 

9.    In  Warwick  st.  Eccleston  sq.  the  wife  of 
W.  J-  Metcalfe,  esq.  barrister-at-law,  a  son. 

10.    At  Stockport,  the  wife  of  Capt.  H.  M. 

Smyth,  Staff  Officer  of  Pensioners,  a  son. 

13.  In  Oxfonl  sq.  Hyde  park,  the  wife  of  Major 

Beare.  a  dau. U.    At  Hemingford  house. 

8tratford-on-Avon,  the  wife  of  Henry  W.  All- 

frcy.  esq.  a  dau. At  Newland  court,  Mrs. 

Henry  Lakin.  a  dau. 16.    At  Knowlmere 

manor,  the  wife  of  Jonathan  Peel,  esq.  a  dau. 

20.    At  Cransley.  the  wife  of  W.  S.  Rose, 

esq.  a  dau. 23.    At  Cromore.  Lady  Robert 

Montagu,  a  dau. At  Cobham  hall,  the  Coun- 
tess of  Darnlcy,  a  dau. At  Tythegston  court, 

Glam.  the  wile  of  the  Rev.  William  Somerset, 

a  son. 23.    In  Hyde  park  sq.  Mrs.  Edward 

Baldwin,  a  dau. 35.    At  the  Avenue.  Bur- 

lingtun,  Yorksh.  the  wife  of  Thomas  Prickctt, 

esq.  a  son. 28.  At  Amiens,  France,  the  wife 

of  Capt.  Lumley,  late  First  Assistant  Adjutant- 
Gen,  of  the  Beneal  Army,  a  son. 29.    At 

Shute  house,  Devon,  the  wife  of  Temple  West, 
esq.  late  Captain  and  Lieut.-Colonel  Grenadier 

Guards,  a  dau. At  Stoke  house,  Chichester, 

Lady  Roper,  a  dau. 

Lately.    Jenny  Lind,  now  Madame  Gold- 
schinid,  a  son. 

Sept.  4.     At  Stackpole  court.  Viscountess 

Emlyn,  a  dau 5.    At  Mount  Craig,  Ross, 

Heref.  the  wife  of  Bellinrham  Barnard  Hankey, 

esq.  a  dau. 6.    At  Hove,  Brighton,  Mrs. 

Arthur  Beresford  Brooke,  a  son. 8.    At  the 

vlcarflge,  Canford,  Dorset,  Lady  Louisa  Pon- 

sonby,  a  son. At  Milton.  Kent,  the  wife  of 

Lieut. -Col.  Monkland,74th  Highlanders,  a  son. 

10.    At  lk>okham,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Toler.  a 

dau. At  Ashfold,  Sussex,  the  seat  of  her 

father.  W,  Peters,  esq.  the  wife  of  Capt.  Gilbert, 

Royal  Horse  Artillery,  a  dau. 13.  At  Great 

Barton,  the  wife  of  Major  H.  Bunbory,  a  dau. 


MARRIAGES. 

March  39.    At  tha  residence  of  the  bride's 
lather,  Alfred  Jogce,  esq.  of  Norwood,  Mel- 


bourne, Australia,  voungest  son  of  Thomas 
Joyce,  esq.  of  Stamford  hill,  Middlesex,  to  Ca- 
roline, only  dan.  of  C.  G.  Backnell,  esq.  of  Rod- 
borough  vale,  .Melbourne,  Australia. 

April  23.  At  W  ollongong,  New  South  Wales, 
Percy  J^ratit  fifth  son  of  the  late  John  Pratt, 
esq.  of  Bell's  hill.  Northamberland,to  Isabella- 
Campbell,  only  dau.  of  the  late  P.  Jackson,  Cfq. 
and  step-dau.  of  Charles  Thorsby  Smitli,  ctq. 
J.  P.  of  WoUongong. 

Mag  7.  At  Sydney,  New  Soath  Walet,  John 
Rose  IJottUn,  esq.  eldest  son  of  the  Ber.  Wfl- 
Item  Rose  H olden,  of  Worcester,  to  Sottn* 
second  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Brand- 
hurst,  of  Bath. 

14.  At  Bocking,  Essex,  Pressey.  yonnger 
•on  of  Pressey  Granger,  esq.  formerly  cf  East 
Ham,  to  Kmily-PriacilU.  youngest  dan.  of  tiM 
Ute  Edward  Farn,  esq.  of  uray^  ino,  and  Nor- 
wood. Surrey. 

June  9.  At  Calcutta,  Cant.  William  Tnfton 
Maneg,  30th  Madras  Nat.  Inf.  third  son  of  Enr- 
Adm.  Money,  CB.  to  Isabella-Francen,  ^deit 
dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  G.  H.  Thomas,  fonneriT 
of  the  7th  Madras  Ught  Cavalry. 

U.  Charles  SMand,  esq.  to  Marion-ElisabcUi- 
Btrtie,  eldest  dau.  of  Lieut.-Col.  Symons,  oon- 
manding  the  Royal  Artillery  in  Ceylon. 

SS.  At  Barrackpore,  Lieut.  Clements  Thomas 
Hallett.  72nd  Bengal  Nat.  Inf.  to  Susannah, 
dau.  of  Brigadicr-Ueu.  S.  Shaw,  commanding 
the  Presidency  Division. 

25.  At  Penxance,  Richard  Quiller  Condl^eaq. 
eldest  son  of  Jonathan  Couch,  esq.  F.L.a.  of 
FOlperro,  to  Lydia-Penneck,  eldest  dan.  of 
Richard  Pearce,  esq. 

n.  At  Calcutta,  Jervoitfe  John  Grm,  cnq. 
C.S.  second  son  of  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  Charlca 
fidw.  Grey,  to  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  Henry 
Holroyd,  esq.  barrister-at-law. 

Jnlg  5.  At  St.  James's  Paddington,  Bdward 
Finneg,  esq.  late  Ist  Foot,  to  Mrs.  Sarah  BUss, 
of  Cambridge  terr.  Hyde  park  north,  widow  of 
Kdward  Bliss,  esq.  of^ Brandon  park,  Soflblk. 

6.  At  Burdwan,  Bengal,  Alexander  Akar- 
erombie,  esq.  Bengal  Civil  Service,  to  Jane, 
youngest  dau.  of  Thomas  Haatings,  eeq.  of 
Gressenhall. 

8.  At  St.  John's  Paddington,  S.  Mey- 
rick  Bigglnt,  esq.  of  Oxford,  to  Elisabeth, 

Jroungest  dau.  of  Thomas  lleslop,  esq.  of  Rip- 
ey,  Yorkshire. At   Spanish  place  chapel, 

Louis,  third  son  of  A.  Pereira,  esq.  of  Flirk 
crescent,  to  Fanny,  second  dau.  of  the  tete 
Bdward  Wallis,  esq.  of  Burton  grange,  netr 
York. 

9.  At  West  Brompton,  Capt.  Sqnire,  late  3d 
Dragoon  Guards,  to  Emma,  youngest  dan.  of 

the  late  John  Perfect,  esq.  of  Pontefract. 

At  Ely,  Charles  Steggatl,  Mus.  Doc.  CanUb. 
of  North  Audley  st.  lirosvenor  sci.  to  Marte- 
Mendham,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  William 
Kempton,  eaa. At  Warkworth,  near  Ban- 
bury, Lieut.  Samuel  James  BHckwell,  R.N.  to 
Jemima,  dau.  of  C.  Brickwell,  esq.  of  Over- 

thorpe  lodge. At  Selling,  the  Rev.  Joeeph 

Ven)on  Tkeed,  B.A.  Curate  of  Warmington, 
Nortbamptoosh.  to  Matilda-Sarah,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  John  Neame,  esq.  of  Selling 

Court. At  Dartford,  Horace  IW«fMi,eaq.  of 

Kingston-on-Thames,  to  Mary-Old,  fourth  oaa. 

of  toe  Rev.  Edward  Irish. At  Kennington, 

Robert- Porter,  eldest  son  of  Colonel  Bateman^ 
of  Norwood,  to  Jane,  dau.  of  Mr.  Edward  tioff, 
of  St.  George's  cottage,  Walworth. 

10.  At  Hawkhurst,  Richard  Dering  Adame, 
esq.  to  Margaret,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Major 
Jeffries,  of  St.  LeonarcTs-on-the-Sea,  and  Hawk- 
hurst, Kent. 

11.  At  Clifton,  John  Lanckenick,  esq.  of 
Langport,  Som.  to  Emma-Georae,  niece  of  the 
late  Rev.  Francis  Skurray,  B.D.  of  Homings- 
ham,  Wilto.  * 


18590 


IP  Ret.  Frtderic  IF 


B1I.  R.N. 
mnwtll  Palmer, 
Army,  eldwii 
Krclor  of" 

bMh-Treu ..  _  .      _ 

Young,  srd  Kfft.  HIUmN  Ca«ilrT.  Hydi 

It.  AtFloreiicd,  IbeHaraiWalUirtl-Pt 
c{iK,orRaine,and  Manlepnlc'         '    ~ 
'-  " — "-  "i»uc«,  oalTiIii 


HiDgoiip,  niiilim  HMry 
',  Unn.  40(b  Rtft.  Midru    ' 

iflhe  ReT-9^1aiu>piila9cil 

. igh  Rtckinftmi.  Dtron.  to  Ettm. 

bMh-TKuun,  only  dau.  of  Cspi.-Comni.  J.  & 
"- -■  "—  Nlum-s  0«ilrT.  HydenUt 


.1  Roailie-Kaauci,  i 
QinenI  Hnir  B<ul 
-      --  B»  BUckliad.  tit  Hon.  Uoun 
■,  R.  Art.  Mcond  »n  or  Vfin 
Lctitii^ABM,  dmi.  ('  ^ 


AMlHglt,,/] 


11.    MKenMncton,! 
I«.  H.f^l..D('nKitlu,wBninii'Tcar«r.yoniuF. 
Ml  du.  of  Tre«r  Bnru,  nq.  of  Nailing  hill 

iqglre  Ui<l  tbe  IlayoHrkBt. At  PiddlKMn, 

tlic  OBt.  Wllllun  AnitriM,  ConM  of  Sliilan, 
MdMt  MO  of  JuHih  AudefKin.  cu.  of  tlie 
BiKBDIV  park,  to  tmoa,  Aao.  of  Ihe  litr  Geo. 

BoekKn.  nq.  of  UtklIrM,  Middlnu. At 

Baru  St.  Mirr,  till  lt«T-  Tlioinu  P.  TWntU. 
inew  of  WormlBrTonL   to   BmilyHiirricll, 

cldMI  dia.  of  P.O.BrmiDODa.esq. At  Hmi- 

barr.  Stir.  Cipl.  RfviMld  PMI,1*IB<llh  Et«t. 
•IdMtaoa  of  tbe  lata  Italian  1^1.  tu.  of  Doil- 
hlll  lodn,  to  Mity-ThfodoaJi,  aldnt  daii.  of 
MlaltirS  Ontnt,  e«|.  of  St.  Cbid>>,  UcUeld. 
-<—At  nuldlBgtaa,  Ih*  BcT.  Thomu  Palnin 
ibffaB,  iBcnnbfDl  of  Unitald,  3iirrer,  lo 
Mirtk-niubetli,  ddHt  diu.  of  the  lite  Uetit.- 
Col.  Ulekauon,  of  Daaiklll  hooit.  nor  Tam- 

wotth At    faddlniton,    BritilTa  HMtawe, 

(•q.  Ibrntrly  of  Harrow  Wnid,  HlddlMCK,  lo 

LMIila-Uaarrae,  aecond  dau.  of  Jobo  Con-     ,-. 

■biblb  toq.  oAVMIbOitnia  tamee At  Prai.      Marylabtwe,  Oca.  BnraUir, 

190,  w«Mley  Bond  JtmUtgt.  eM],  M.D.  of     Art.  sod  of  Uie  Ule  —  " 
Mblia,  l»  Catlwrlne-Uary,  diB.  of  Iha  laU      Reotor  of  BnBiHald, 
JOMph  Walktr,  aaq.  of  Pmton  and  Oak  hill,      ya  '  ' 

Laoc. AI  Snrblion,  Snrray.  John  Letltg,      Hi 

eaq.  of  Norcou  oaart,  Herts,  and  of  Slntftihi 
mm,  Rain,  to  Abbs,  atdesl  diD.  of  Cliarln 
Pmalir,  eaq. 

IJ.  At  LAir«tofl,  DiBlel-Fraderlck.  eldeit 
lonof  tha  Uei.  IMnId  ITIfioit, Vicar oflallnt- 
lon,  aod  rrandann  of  Itie  Blahop  of  Calcotla, 
(0  K>Ihcrinc.RHvi',flnbdaa. Of  Kdw.  Lathe*, 

eir|.  of  NarinBiiBlDne  Court- At  Bnendan, 

Krni.  ihn  Hpv  T.  .t  It0vi.  M  A.  Mm  of  tlie 
Rev.  IJinii-l  Hnv,.V,fiir(i(llpnandan,toKll*n. 

OrA'.i-  -.rjtomii.flA! 

iDFiiii.i.  iiiLllFn.drleal 


CUrk.  esq.  of  K .. 

the  Bei.  Vlllbo:!  Henr?  Crtiff»H,  of  BkiiC 
]ej  park,  Bairjlk,  to  Lanr*,  yoainraM  rtr*- 
tbe  Re*.  Cbarlealiflor,  KKlor  oTHIildli 

Sam. AI  Oreanwidi,  Kd<nnl-Acb»M(..  — 

of  Ihe  iBia  Jimea  DamtiUe,  eaq.  M.D.  Drputfi 
Inip.of  llo«plialsaodneets,toBllu-FraanK  1 

-*-— -■-i.oJCapl,  Hoabray,  B.X. AI  SE  J 

eaq.Capt.BniEti'  1 
dward  BoarAMft  J 

— „,. of  John  Onbani  Lougli,  eaq.  V  B 

farewood  aquara. 
■-      "  "— --- —  Willlani  KendaU.  t 


hIkTS^J 


Tltb)  LaTeaoB  PraSf,  7<tb  Hirl 
MDOf  Adm-theHon.  a.  L-Pi 
ABSiiilB  Maria  Hare,  eldest  di 


ChaiU.  1.  ...L  Mlivelo(.'to 

Lee,  esq. AI  n.  Halllien-a,  Ueoinark  hill, 

Wllilara  MrJIvcDli.  only  aon  of  Iha  late  Ueot. 
W.  II.  Sidu<ii.  K.N.  lu  Fnuicea-Ana.  eldeal 
daa.  otT.  I'urnli  lllchDoiMl,  eaq.  of  Chaldon, 

H.  At  Alienlokf,  Goaport,  Lieat.  Rdmrd 
FbM,  of  H.H.  thip  iutntBt.  \a  Mary.Aon, 
(Utal  dau.  oC  E.  t.  Samuel,  eiq.  of  Ihe  Unte. 
It  Boulhatnplon,  Q.  Vlitta,  eaq.  to  Mtaa 


■later  of  Lord  BaaaoiDnl. At 

Her.  J.  C.  W.  T^trr.  lo  Bliubdb  B.  Ifi 

EuDHtt  dad.  of  capt.  Aletandar  Haek.. 
M.  Bath. At  Kenatnitoa,  Jowpb,  i. 

son  of  Joseph  fiixMifHr,  eM.  to  Sophla-H 
IIM*.  MCDod  daa.  of  MrOorOcnanr  Wan 
K.F.,K.aS,P.K.B.,andrTanddv  "•-  - 
Sir  William  PaMon.  of  Hfddlelon 


Wllllani    Balfoof.   ILN.   of  Trenab*. 

Strealhaai,  Richard  FrelyioaD  Aftharp.  ei 
Mtb  DHg«n>.  yontiiesl  hib  of  Rer.J^A 


Momeaq.  I 

OMIOT.  dau.  o/ ». 

Atfli.n«cra*,  Charlea-Fraderick-Bwitn', 
(wrtb  aoa  of  H^r  W.  P.  UaedcfmaU,  ■— 
Hidna  ^.l■l«Ch*rloUe■An■>lal•,  mini 


yauueat  dan.  o 

lae,  Slreathun  cl , 

riGu,  lot  He*.  QeOTKt  Daitaaa 
I  nriwr  i^jntu,  of  Swlnbrook,  f)xaD.  la  Cbap.     ' 
lDlle,dMi.of  JameiDanuanir*q  ofSaodtrfeH,' 

At  Klltfsbtidiie,  Devoo.  Riplmrd  VMibvm 

..  _ >-Ani>ial*,  third  aor-      jHtionder,  esq.  Ruelcri^ll-rv.  H'f.-r'l.— ro..S 

TlaludAO.  Of  Ibelalt  lt.F.  ^ayer,  eaq. — At     son  of  the  late  Bev.  l>.i  :!.  i   \;.\.i.i  i.    i  a, 
WIrilBUnbrook.aaSulk,  theRei.daniMlOiar-     VlearoftHcKleltb,  l<>  I 

rwiLofSallbfd,  Wirw.tDAmella,  (hteWdan.      of  Ibe  Rer.  Aiebanl   I  ...f 

Of  JOMpb  W.  Broinlay,  taq,  of  BualMd  hill,      Chanbabaw  with  Hi»^-  <f 

SoSbilT— Al  I'uria.  .\ril„jr  Pnmr.  «q.  tan      B«n«r. At  Blltori.  <■■  ..   i'...iA..i.    ,  .'.ir, 

of  B.  ITlt-r    "T    >■  !•    ■■'  »-"■ nr,      Norrla.  rgorlh  Mn  u(  I1...J,  iJ—i.-^:"  . -.-    - 

SoaMi.  '..    \\.,,\\.\-:  .     ■:■>■.      of  Tlwni-IHII,  Bear  Souilininpupi., 

UuUcri   ■:  nungeat  dan.  of  the  Bev.  J.  W.  I 

— ,\i  -  .•.     b.  D.  Of  the  Udge.  near  Southatnpto 

eaq.  .^1  i  ^  Rer.  Alfreil  Janes  Caiy*r.  U.A.  Fi 


W  KIlMbtlb,  OBl>  eUUdrf  tfpt.  Bditafdi;bap-      Unwilelgnton,  I 


404 


Marriages. 


[Oet 


Bdwtrd  Vlfor  Fox,  wq.  of  Lockiof  hOjMe, 
Wetton-saper-lf  are,  to  Citherine-Miry,  third 
dftn.  of  the  lute  Thonai  CoopUuid.  esq.  of  Win- 
terton,  Uncolnahire.  ,  ,     ^,  , , 

SO.  At  St .  James's.  Paddinrton.  Jobn  NobU, 
MQ.  of  Upper  Bedford  pU  to  Rliia-Ann,  eldest 
dan.  of  the  Ute  Capt.  Georce  Ellis,  Bengal 
Art.  and  rranddaa.  of  the  late  Ueat.-Gen. 
Bore,  of  Kxmoath. At  St.  James's,  Picca- 
dilly, the  Kev.  B.  A.  Romford,  Rector  of  Combe 
Florey,  sec«md  son  of  Kdward  Ayshford  San- 
Ibrd,  esq.  of  Nynehead  court,  Somerset,  to 
Christina. Emma,  younf^est  dan.  of  the  late 

If .  H.  Perceval,  esq. At  St.  Geon(e*s  Hano- 

Tcr  sq.  Richard  Viscount  Dwnfiwrran,  rrand- 
■00  of  the  Karl  of  Cork  and  Orrenr,  &  P.  to 
Lady  Emily  de  Burrh,  second  dau.  of  the 

Marquess  of  CUnricarde,  K.P.  At   St. 

Michaers,  Hi|ch|rate.  Charles-Meabum,  eldest 
aon  of  Meaburn  Tathaw^  esq.  of  Merton  lodre, 
Hif  Urate,  to  Elixabeth.  only  survivinfi;  child  of 

the  late  Thomas  Collinirridre,  e«q. At  Kew, 

Thomas  Robert  Kvant,  esq.  of  CoUishall.  Norf. 
second  son  of  the  Rev.  H.  Evans,  Rector  of 
Lynjf.  Norfolk,  to  Elizabeth,  yoonf^st  sur- 
vivinpT  dau.  of  Sir  William  Jackson  Hooker, 

Director  of  the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. At 

Cheshunt.  Herts,  the  Rev.  J.  F.  JAnakam, 
Vicar  of  Marprate,  and  Chaplain  to  Lord  Lon- 
desborougb,  to  Anne- Hester,  youngest  dau. 

of  Jobn    Hampden   Gledstanes,  esq. At 

Oeorreham.  near  BamsUple,  Tliomas  Were 
J^,  Jon.  esq.  Ottoman  Consul,  and  merchant, 
of  Plymouth,  to  Frances-Mary,  second  dau.  of 
the  Rev.  Francis  Hole.  Rector  of  Georreham. 

At  Backford,  (niester,   the   Rev.  L.  W. 

JUI^,  B.A.  Curate  of  St.  Thomas's,  Birming- 
ham, to  Emma,  only  child  of  .Mr.  Charles 

Shaw,  of  Mollington,  Chester. At  Aden, 

Lieut.  John  Denis  De  Viire»  Ist  Bombay  Eu- 
ropean Fasiliers,  second  son  of  John  Denis  De 
Vitre.  esq.  of  Southenmoor,  Cumberland,  to 
Elixabeth,  third  dau.  of  Benjamin  Veall.  esq. 

of  Wisbech,  Cambridgeshire. At  Ratbfarn- 

bam,  Dublin,  the  Rev.  B.  Hale  PuekU,  M.A. 
ton  of  the  Rev.  B.  Puckle,  Rector  of  Graffham. 
Hunts,  to  Eleanor,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Lord 
Chancellor  of  Ireland. 

91.  At  Southill,  Beds,  Frederick  St.  Law- 
rance  Pratt,  esq.  of  Greatford.  Line  youngest 
son  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  Pratt,  Rector  of  Paston, 
Northamptonsh.  to  Fanny,  youngest  dau.  of 
the  late  W.  H.  Baldock,  esq.  of  Prtham,  Kent. 

At  St.  James's,  llccadiUy,  Edroond  Pro- 

AvN.  esq.  late  6tb  Dragoons,  eldest  sou  of  Capt. 
Probyti,  of  LonKbo|>e,  Glouc.  to  Charlotte- 
Seymour,  second  dau.  of  the  late  J.  Jones, 
esq.  of  Portland  place,  and  Dery  Onnond, 
Cardiganshire. 

Aug.  2.  At  Yaxley,  Hunts,  Thomas  William 
Morri*,  esq.  of  Bedgro\e  hou.ne,  near  Ayles- 
bury, Bucks,  eldest  son  of  John  Morris,  esq. 
ot  Foxham,  Wiltit.  to  Emma,  fourth  dau.  of  the 
late  Edward  Faux,  esq.  of  Yaxley  loilge,  Hunts. 

At  the  Mission  Dolores,  San  Francisco, 

Mr.  P.  P.  Hull,  late  proprietor  of  the  "San 
Francisco  Whig,"  to  l-^la  Montes. 

4.  At  .Mancliester,  Thomas- Karlow,  eldest 
sou  of  T.  H.  Jerri*,  esq.  of  Swinton  park,  to 
Annie  P.  Faulkner,  dau.  of  the  late  J.  \V.  Gaul- 

ter,  esq. At  Worksop,    Notts,  Adolphus- 

William,  eldest  son  of  A.  W.  Hume,  esq.  of 
Blandford  square,  to  Elizabeth,  second  dau.  of 
Carey  Owtrani,  esq.  of  Raytuu. 

6.  At  Boston,  Williaro-llarrison,  eldest  sur- 
viving son  of  Edward  Harrison  Bartteli,  esq. 
of  Northampton,  to  Susan*Straw,   youngest 

dau.  of  John  Elsam,  esq. At  St.  Mark's, 

Myddelton  sq.  George  Gray,  esq.  eldest  son 
of  David  Gray,  esq.  of  Lincoln's  inn  fields  and 
Upper  HoUowav,  to  Martha,  only  dan.  of  James 
Siggers,  esq.  of^Guildford  street. 

8.  At  the  British  Consulate,  Geneva.  Joseph 
Askew  Turner,  es(|.  of  Lincoln's  inn,  eldest 


SOD  of  JoMph  Hoktoo  Tarser,  caq.  of  Montagve 
place.  Russell  sq.  to  Margiarei-AniMuMarM, 
only  child  of  the  Rer.  J.  8.  Pons,  of  La  Ser- 
rette,  Geneva. 

9.  At  Monmouth,  Jooeph  Anthony  S^ftmetr, 
Mq.  B.  A.  eldest  aon  of  Joaeph  teencer,  esq.  of 
Weatbourne  pi.  Hyde  pk.  to  Helen-AnbeUa, 
youngest  dau.  of  toe  late  John  WooUett,  enq. 

of  Monmouth. At  Ozftwd.  the  Rev.  Join 

Yonng  Stmgrave,  M.A.  Vicar  of  BramhoM, 
Yorkshire,  to  Frances- Henrietta,  yooBfMt 
dau.  of  Bei^amin  Johneon,  esq.  late  of  Ncv- 

castle-on-Tyne. At  Croydon,  the  Rev.  John 

Page,  D.D.  Vicar  of  GilUngham,  Kent,  to  Mia 

Rowles.  of  Croydon  common,  Sarrev. At 

Aldingbourne,  Sussex,  the  Rev.  Jonn  Aw- 
Mdger,  M.A.  Curate  of  Eartham,  Snnex,  to 
Ellen- Honoria,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Geo. 

Woolley,  esq.  of  Notting  hiU,  Middkeez. 

At  Norton  Fitzwarren,  Somerset,  the  Rev. 
Reginald  Neale  SAutte,  B.A.  to  Rmily-Rva, 
younrest  dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  C  B.  Gribble, 
H.B.I.C.S.  and  widow  of  Crawford  Kerr.eaq. 

At  Bishop's  Hull,  Somerset,  Capt.  T.  A. 

RmeiiM,  of  H.M.  86th  Regt.  to  Marianne, 
second  dau.  of  the  late  Col.  »r  C.  W.  Dance, 

K.li.   of  Barr  house.   Somersetshire. At 

Margate,  Jamea  John  Hewwood,  esq.  M.A.  of 
Trinity  collece.  Cambridge,  to  Sarak-Elin- 
beth,  only  child  of  Thomaa  Cookea,  can.  of 
Margate. — In  Trinity  chapel.  John  at.  Edg- 
ware  road,  John  Scott  Burden  <Sraiferson,  eaq. 
M.D.  younger  aon  of  Richard  Burden  Snndar- 
aon,  esq.  of  Jesmond,  Northumb.  to  Ghetal, 
elder  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Ridley  H.  HeracheU. 

At  Twickenham,  John  Carr,  eldeat  aon  ef 

William  Skarpe,  esq.  Brechin,  N.B.  to  Jane- 
Anne,  youngest  dau.  of  John  Haaelden,  eaq. 

late  of  Windsor. At  St.  Mary 'a,  Paddington, 

Ueut.-Col.  Studholme  Hodg»om,aon  of  the  late 
Gen.  and  grandson  of  the  late  Field  Marshal 
Studholme  Hodgson,  to  Caroline,  relict  of  Sir 
John  Palmer  Bruce  Chichester,  Bart,  of  Ar- 
lington court,   Devonahire. At  St.   Mary 

Abbott's,  Kensington,  Thomas,  only  aon  of 
the  late  Thomas  Pkippen,  esq.  to  Ada- Ellen, 
second  dau.  of  Richard  Cbamock,  esq.  barria- 

ter-at-law. At  St.  Mary*s,  Lambeth.  John 

Sampson,  eldest  son  of  the  late  John  Jamea 
Peirre,  esq.  of  Canterbury,  to  Jane  Elizabeth, 
only  dau.  of  George  Duncan,  esq.  of  Pozley 

house,  Keimiogton. At  Faversham,  Capt. 

Gardiue  SMav,  late  of  the  Uth  Light  Dragoona, 
to  Ellen,  second  dau.  of  the  late  John  Mares, 

esq.  of  I>enfield  house,  Maidstone,  Kent. 

At  St.  Mark's.  Hamilton  terr.  Geo.  BurcAeT/, 
esq.  of  Doctors'  commons,  to  Mary,  second 
dau.  of  Cliartes  Turner,  esq.  of  Hamilton  terr. 

St.  John's  woo<l. At  St.  Marylebone,  Wm. 

:stuifield,  esq.  of  Stratford  place,  to  Marian, 
youngest  dau.  of  George  Johnatone,  esq.  of 
Tavistock  square,  and  late  of  the  4th  Dragoon 

Guards. At  Dawlish,  Phillip  John  William 

Cooke,  esq.  solicitor,  Gloucester,  to  Adeline, 
only  dau.  of  Paulin  Barret,  esq.  B.A.  Beach 
house,  Dawlish. 

10.  At  Cambridge.  Lewis  Hough,  esq.  thiril 
son  of  the  Iste  Rev.  Jamea  Hough,  to  Fran- 
cessa-Mary,  second  dau.  of  the  late  W.  W. 

Hay  ward,  esq.  of  Cambridge. At  Plymouth, 

Charles  Arthur  Ajftmer,  esq.  to  the  Hon. 
Sophia  Mackay.  dau.  of  the  Right  Hon.  Lord 
Reay. At  Dalblair  honse,  Ayr,  Capt.  Bar- 
clay TkoMuuy  of  H.M.  37th  Regt.|and  second 
son  of  Rear-Adm.  Thomas,  to  Catherine-Ara- 
bella, dau.  of  the  late  William  Guild,  jun.  esq. 

At  Sonthwark,  David  Gilkiton,  esq.  son  of 

Robert  Gilkison,  esq.  Wood  bank.  Port  Glas- 

Siw.  to  Charlotte- Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  late 
barles  Running,  esq.  Kettering. The  Rev. 

Frederic  FUz Patrick,  only  son  of  the  Rev. 
Frederic  FitzPatrick,  Rector  of  Hnilieborougb, 
to  Ijuly  Olivia  Taylour,  eldest  tlau.  of  the 
Marquis  of  lleadfort. 


OBITUARY. 


Th<  Duke  or  SAiB-AiTKNtitino. 

Ami.  a.  lu  lii*  GJtl.  ytar,  liii  Se- 
rene Uigliaefls  George- Cbarlei  •Frederick. 
reiKning  Dake  oF  Saxe-AlCenburg. 

He  »■»  the  second  ion  o(  P»<leriok 
Duke  of  Sue-Hildburgluuaen.  who  lie- 
<ame  Duke  of  Ssxe-AUeDbnrg  hj  tbe 
conventian  of  tbe  13t[i  Nov.  1830,  h] 
Cbarlotte-GeDrgiuiii,  daugbCer  of  Charle^- 
Lonit,  Duke  of  MeckUnbnrg  SlrelUi.  He 
*•«•  coDieqaently  Uirongh  hia  inDther  n 
greut-uepbew  of  Queen  Clmrlotte,  the 
coDMrt  of  onr  King  George  the  Tliiril, 
■ad  ■  oeplicw  afthe  Ute  Queen  of  Uanoter. 

He  succeeded  to  the  Duchy  of  Saie- 
Altenburson  the  39th  Sept.  MZi.  on  the 
abdicBtion  of  his  elder  brother  JoBegih, 
who  Ibereupon  took  the  title  of  Duke 
Juepb  ef   Saxe-Alteuburg,   sad  is  iiill 

He  married,  Oct.  7,  ISSS,  the  Princeni 
Mary  of  Mecklenburg- Schwerin,  sunt  to 
the  present  reigning  Duke;  and  bj  that 
princess,  who  turrinei  him,  he  had  issue 
two  ions,  Emeit  hii  succeuor,  ■  Llente* 
rant  in  Ibe  firjt  regiment  of  tbe  Kojal 
guards  of  Prusni,  who  ba»  recently  mar- 
ried a  Priacesa  of  Anbalt.Deiisan  ;  and 
Uiiirice,  ■  Lieatenint  in  (he  Kunsr  regi- 
ment of  tbe  Prosaian  guards 

The  late  Duke's  portniit,  end  that  of  his 
Ducheis,  are  giien  in  the  Almanec  dc 
Outba  for  the  preaent  year. 

Majoh-Gen.  Lord  Saltqun. 

Atif.  IK.  At  his  shooting- Beat,  near 
Rothea,  nged  C8,  the  Right  Hon.  Alex- 
ander George  Fraier,  lixleenlb  Lord 
SiltoDD,  of  Abemethy  (1-14S),  nud  ■ 
KepreaenUlive  Peer  of  Seolland,  K.T., 
K.C.B.,  G.C.H.,  and  Knight  of  the  Aui- 
trian  order  of  Maria  Thcreia  and  of  the 
Susiinn  order  of  Si.  George,  n  Uent.- 
General  in  the  armv,  and  Colonel  of  the 
2d  Foot,  and  a  ^eputf  Lieutenant  of 
Abetdeenahire. 

Lord  Saltonn  was  bnrn  id  Loudou  oa 
the  22d  April  I  IKh  ;  he  was  Ibe  eldest  aon 
of  Aleianider  fiCteenth  Lord  Ssltoun,  a 
mrmbrr  of  the  fseulty  of  sdTocalea,  by 
Marjon,  only  daughtei  of  Simou  Fruer. 
Clq,  of  Nob  Cattle,  InTemeai,  and  of 
LMtdon.one  of  the  Direclora  of  the  East 
India  Company.  He  succeeded  lo  the 
peerage  in  bia  boyhood,  by  the  death  of 
hU  father  on  the  13th  Sept.  ITa3. 

He  w»  appointed  a  Lieutenant  in  the 
:i5tli  regimml  of  Foot  on  the  3d  Sept. 
1803  i  transferred  tu  the  13d  oa  the -J&lh 
June  /ollowing;  and  to  the  Nt  Pout 
Guards  as  Lieutonutt  and  Csptaiii,  Nov. 


s:),  IH04.     He  wit  promoled  lo  Caplala    j 
and   Lieut.-CotDnel  Dec,  36,  1813.     " 
served  ttUh  the  army  in  Sicil;  in  1B08 
and    IBU7.    and    ihmugbout    Sir   John 
Moore's    campaign   in    the    Peninaab  in    ' 
18US  and  HU9,  and  was  preieat  at  tb«    ' 
battle  of  Corunna. 

Mo  accompanied  theeipedition  to  Wal- 
chrrea  in  IHUD,  went  to  Cadiz  in  la  1 1,  aBl 
was  at  the  storming  of  Seiille,  the  paisa(a 
of  the  Bidasson,  the  battle  of  the  Nerilla, 
Ilie  actiDnioF  the  9Ch.  10th.  and  13Ih  Dea. 
18l.t,  in  front  of  Bidart.  the  pauage  of  ' 
the  Adour,  the  blockade  of  Bayonne,  anil 
repnlse  of  the  sortie.  He  also  passed 
through  Ibe  campaign  of  1816,  ioelndia( 
the  baltles  of  Quatrc  Bras  and  Waterloo, 
and  tbe  tturmiug  of  Peronne.  In  tha  I 
famous  defence  oF  HoDgoumont  be  hightj'  1 
distinguished  himself  by  bis  gailuntry,  a  ' 
had  no  lesi  than  four  liorses  killed  uni 
him.  Hut  imporlaut  postwobeld  alidar 
against  the  OTerwbeliuing  numbers  of  the 
French  host,  by  Colonel  MoDonell  within, 
and  Lord  Saltoan  without.  Towards  the 
close  of  thet  eventful  day  lie  returned  to 
his  place  in  tbe  line,  witii  but  about  ona- 
tliird  of  the  men  with  vhnm  be  had  gone 
into  action.  He  now  took  a  promioent 
part  in  the  last  ccEeliraled  charge  of  the 
Guards.  One  short  anecdote  of  this  mo- 
ment of  his  career  will  at  onoe  depict  the 
charsatcr  ef  the  man,  and  the  regard 
which  tbe  oHieert  and  the  love  which  bin 
men  bore  for  him.  Volnnleeriag  to  go  to 
the  front  some  twenty  or  thirty  pace*—  i 
while  the  battalion  was  lying  down,  and 
the  last  column  of  the  French  army,  soma 

lo  break  tlie  British  line,  and  retrieve  the 
day — he  armngcd   that  be  would  put  hil 
cap  on  hit  sword  s«  a  signal  when  tbe  mosi 
weie  to  get  up  and  lire.     Utterly  regard- 
less of  himself,  and  seeing  (be  advant^ 
of  sllowing  the  French  eolumn  to 
lo  within  certain  deitrnctton,  I 
till   they  were  so   near   that   bis  brolbcr    I 
officers    and  friends   called  out  lo  hi 
"  For  God's  take,  coroe  hack,  Saltoi 
onr  own  men  must  shoot  you  :"  onwhleha 
there  was  a  general  cheer,  from  right  tvfl 
left.  "Never   fear:  we   won't  i'      '         " 
Lord." 

Lord  Ssltoun  was  promoted  tc 
of  Major- (ienoral,  Jan.  10,  1 
■ppoiaied  to  the  command  of  the  2d  Fool    ' 


in  MA6.     He  was  once  publicly  deicribi 
by  the  tale  Duke  of  WelUngloD  as  " 

lattem  to  the  army,  both  a* 

ioldier." 
During  (he  opium  war  J 


Obituary^ — Adm.  Sir  Oeorge  Cockhum^  Bart.        [Oct. 

Rojft],    iDdiaman,    Mr.   Cockbam    next 
•erred  in  the  Channel  as  midshipman  of 
the  Hebe  38,  Capt.  Alexander  Hood;  and 
as  master's  mate  in  the  Romney  50,  the 
flag-ship  in  the  Mediterranean  of  Rear- 
Adm.  S.  C.  GoodalL     In  1792  he  was  ap- 
pointed acting  Lieutenant  of  the  Pearl  32, 
Capt.  G.  W.  A.  Conrtenay;  and  on  Jan. 
27,  1793,  was  confirmed  in  the  Orestes  18, 
Capt.  Lord  Anciustns  Fitzroy.     On  April 
28  following  he  becaipe  ninth  Lient.  of  the 
Britannia  100,  bearing  the  flag  of  Vioe- 
Adn.  W.  Hotham;  but  was  removed,  in 
Jane,  as  tenth,  to  theVictory  100,  flag-ship, 
off  Tonlon,  of  his  patron  Lord  Hood ;  from 
which,  on  attaining,  in  quick  rotation,  the 
post  of  first  Lieutenant,  he  was  promoted 
to  the  command,  Oct.  1 1  in  the  same  year, 
of  the  Speedy  sloop.     As  a  reward  for  his 
skill  and  perseverance  in  maintaining  the 
blockade  of  Genoa  daring  a  gale  which 
dispersed  every  other  ship  of  a  squadron 
stationed  off  that  port,  Capt.  Cockbura 
was  appointed,  Jan.  20,  1794,  acting  Cap- 
tain of  the  Inconstant  36 ;  and  on  the  20th 
of  the  following  month  was  officially  posted 
into  the  Meleager  32,  which  he  commanded 
in  the  hostilities  against  Corsica,  and,  as 
one  of  Hotham's  repeaters,  in  the  actions 
of  Iforch  14  and  July  13,  1795.     He  was 
afterwards  employed  for  twelve  months  in 
vigorous  co-operation  with  the  Austrian 
troops  in  Piedmont,  and  daring  that  period 
obtained  the  hearty  acknowledgments  of 
the  immortal  Nelson  for  his  conspicnous 
zeal,  ability,  and  courage  on  various  occa- 
sions, but  more  especially  for  the  great 
assistance  he  afforded  in  running  in  under 
the  batteries  of  Larma,  on  May  31,  1796, 
and  capturing  six  of  the  enemy^s  armed 
vessels. 

Being  transferred,  Aug.  19  following,  to 
the  command  of  the  Minerve,  of  42  guns 
and  286  men,  Capt.  Cockbnrn,  who  re- 
mained in  that  ship  until  paid  off  in  Feb. 
1802,  continued  to  pursue  bis  gallant  career 
with  intense  ardour,  either  conducting  in 
person,  or  assuming  a  prominent  part  in 
a  train  of  the  most  important  achievements. 
He  was  first  employed  in  blockading  Leg- 
horn ;  and  on  next  hoisting  the  broad  pen- 
dant of  Commodore  Nelson,  again  acquired 
the  admiration  of  the  latter  for  his  conduct 
at  the  capture  and  defeat,  while  proceed- 
ing from  Gibraltar  to  Elba,  and  in  pre- 
sence of  the  Spanish  fleet,  of  the  Sabina, 
of  40,  and  the  Matilda,  of  34  guns,  Dec. 
20,  1796.  The  former  ship  struck  her 
colours  after  a  combat  of  three  hours,  and 
a  loss,  out  of  286  men,  of  14  killed  and 
44  wounded ;  the  other  was  compelled  to 
wear  and  haul  off  at  the  close  of  a  tiharp 
action  of  half  an  hoar ;  the  collective  loss 
of  the  Minerve  on  both  occasions  amount- 
ing to  7  meo   killed  and  44  wounded. 


406 


lordship  went  out  to  that  country  with 
reinforcements,  and  commanded  a  brigade 
at  the  attack  and  capture  of  Chin  Kiang 

FOQ. 

He  was  nominated  a  Companion  of  the 
Bntli  in  1815,  and  advanced  to  the  grade 
of  a  Knight  Commander  in  18 1 8.  He  also 
raeelved  the  Austrian  and  Russian  orders 
before  named  for  his  services  at  Waterloo. 
H«  was  nominated  only  last  year  a  Knight 
of  the  Thistle. 

He  was  elected  a  Representative  Peer 
of  Scotland  at  the  general  election  of  1807, 
and  on  every  subseqaent  occasion.  He 
generally  voted  against  the  measures  of 
tlia  recent  Whig  administrations.  He 
was  a  patron  of  many  of  the  mnsical  insti- 
ttttions  of  the  metropolis,  as  President  of 
the  Madrigal  Society,  Chairman  of  the 
Mttsical  Union,  &c. 

He  married,  March  6,  1815,  Catharine 
Tbariow,  a  natural  daughter  of  Lord 
Chancellor  Thurlow;  but  that  lady  died  on 
dM  9th  July,  1826,  leaving  him  no  issue. 
He  is  succeeded  by  his  nephew  Major 
Akxaoder  Fraser,  of  the  S8th  Foot,  eldest 
sott  of  the  late  Hon.  William  Fraser  by 
^isabeth-Graham,  second  daughter  of 
David  M'Dowall  Grant,  esq.  of  Amdilly, 
00.  Banff.  His  Lordship  has  married, 
in  1849,  Charlotte,  second  daughter  of 
ThooMs  Browne  Evans,  esq.  of  Dean 
Honse,  Oxfordshire. 


Adm.  Sir  Gborob  Cocrburn,  Bart. 

Atip,  19.  At  Leamington  Spa,  in  his 
81st  year,  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  George 
Cockbam,  the  8th  Bart,  of  Langton,  co. 
Berwick  (1627),  G.C.B.,  Admiral  of  the 
Fleet,  and  Rear-Admiral  of  the  United 
Kingdom,  Major-General  of  Marines,  a 
Privy  Councillor,  and  F.R.S. 

Sir  George  Cockbam  was  born  in  London 
on  the  2Sd  April,  1772,  the  second  son  of 
Sir  James  Cockburn  the  sixth  Baronet, 
M.P.  for  Peebles,  by  his  second  wife  Au- 
gusta Anne,  daughter  of  the  Very  Rev. 
Fraaeis  Ayscough,  D.D.  Dean  of  Brbtol. 
He  entered  the  navy  March  12,  1781,  as 
captain's  servant  (under  the  auspices  of 
Admirals  Sir  Joshua  Rowley  and  Lord 
Hood),  on  board  a  frigate  then  commanded 
by  Captain  Bartholomew  Samuel  Rowley. 
His  name  was  afterwards  borne  on  the 
books  of  the  William  and  Mary,  yacht, 
but  he  did  not  go  to  sea  nntil  1 786  ;  in  the 
course  of  which  and  of  the  following  year 
we  And  him  cruising  on  the  Home  station, 
in  the  Termagant  18,  Capt.  Rowley  BuU 
teel.  In  Jan.  1788  he  joined  the  Ariel  14, 
Capt.  Robert  Moorsom,  with  whom  he 
saikd  for  the  £ast  Indies*  where  for  several 
months  he  was  very  profitably  employed 
in  surveying.  Returning  home  in  1791 
with  the  same  offioeri  in  Uw  Prinoeu 


1S53.J      Obituakv.— ^(^»).  Sir  George  Cockbwn,  Bart. 


Capl.  Cockbarn,  wba  had  pretioniilf  m- 

■ifted  in  deslrujring  I'Etonaant,  DaliDQ«l 
oorrcUe,  of  IB  gung,  next  took  the  priTS- 
teer  Maris,  of  6  gum,  and  6^  men  i  and, 
attei  nitDCBUng  IIib  eiHcuatian  of  rorta 
Ferrajo,  bore  n  Tery  actiTeparl  in  the  battle 
off  Cape  Si.  Vincent,  P<b.  14,  1197.  He 
■lao  brought  out  from  under  the  aeven-  fire 
ol  two  slrong  batterira  an  Grand  Cannrf 
bland,  the  MaraelllBi),  a  French  lellcr-or- 
maique  of  21  guna.  In  April,  U9H,  tbe 
Mioerve  retarned  (o  Eogland  to  refit,  but 
towards  the  claie  of  the  jear  abe  again 
lailed  for  the  MediterraDeaD,  vhere  Capt. 
Coekburn  coatiaued  to  be  employed  on 
wioQS  important  aervirei,  Trequentlj  in 
cnmmand  of  aamBll  iquadron,  until  Ihe 
OOncIuaioQ  of  the  icar.  Among  oliior  opc- 
ratinna,  be  joined  in  the  boitililicn  ogainal 
Malta;  wai  in  i^ompacijr  witli  llie  Emerald 
at  Ihe  taking  of  La  Caroline  pHviteer,  of 
IG  guna  and  <I0  men ;  witneued  Lord 
KeilU'a  capture  of  three  frigate)  and  two 
Mgi  uniler  Rear-Admlral  Ptirree,  June 
19,  ITDSi  look,  during  the  year  1800,  the 
three  pritntcert,  he  Furet,  La  Mouohc, 
tmd  L»  Vcngeaace,  carrying  altogether  4^ 
nun* and dS 7  men;  madepriae.  Fob.  11, 
IHOI,  of  a  Daniih  mon-of-oar  brig,  and 
in  Sept,  (idJoning,  captnrrd  auddcltrDjcd 
the  SucepjB,  of  3S,  and  Braiourc,  of  42 
gont. 

On  the  I2lb  July,  liiO»,  Capt.  Cock- 
bun  auumed  the  command  of  llie  Phae- 
ton 3M,  in  aUich,  after  lerting  fur  looie 
Umc  off  Havre  de  Grace  with  a  iiguadron 
of  trjgatel  under  hia  orderi,  he  took  out 
Mr.  Merry,  tlie  Britiah  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary, to  the  United  .'States,  and  tbence 
proceeded  Iq  India  nilh  the 


a  broad  pendant,  r 


niqoe,  liB  hoisted  a  broad  pen 
greatly  contributed  to  the  reduci 
laland.    The  enemy  ofTcring  t( 
on  Feb.  24,  18US,  Commadore  Cockbqn 
with  General!  Prevoit  end  Maitlaad,  i 
directed  to  meet  (be  French  coinmiaiL 
to  tettte  the  terma.  and  under  their  )  _ 
turei  Martinique  became  a  Britiah  cotin) 
For  bia  serricea  on  thi<  occasion  the  i 
modoro  vaa  pcraonally  (hanked  by 
Homea  of  ParliHtoent,  and  appointed  Cap- 
tain  of  the  port  of  St.  Fiene.     RemoTing 
in  March  to  lbs  Brileiile  74.  he  returned 
to  Europe  in  charge  of  ihe  abipi  laki 
Martinique,  and  of  the  surrendered  goTt^ 
nor  and  garriion. 

Soon  aftci  hi)  arriial  la  England  h 
ordered  to  accompany  (be  eipeditii 
tlio  Sclieldt,  where  he  assumed  the 
maad,  with  bia  pendant  in  the  PIoti 

"  '  '       of  the  BHtUh  flotilla  ;  and,  tak- 


nlofB! 


lofmon 


>hichil 


>dbcen 
ic  American 


arranged  ilinuld  be  pud  by 
gOTernmenl,  as  a  compeuialion   for  (he 

Brat  M(a1ili*hnient  of  American  indepcnd' 
luce,  He  Tiaa  subsequently  employed  in 
blockading  the  Isle  of  Frsnoe,  wheie  he 
frequently  came  it>to  narm  ouEUsion  with 
the  enemy'*  baiteriea;  and  on  ereetuaily 
ncbmglng,  June  i.  1803,  iulo  (be  Howe, 
he  tMuroed  to  Eogland  with  the  Marquesa 
ol  Wdloalcy,  the  late  Goicrnor  General 
of  ]  ndia. 

Oil  the  Ut  July,  ltiOG,be  wag appoiuted 
lo  the  Caplain,  in  whioh  he  was  preaeot, 
on  the  3id  Sept.  following,  at  the  capture, 

SI  aqaadrou  under  Sir  Tboniaa  Louii, 
le  Preaidenl,  Frcncb  frigate  of  44  gum, 
ScpL  2-2,  UOG.  lu  March  18U8  he  as- 
•umcd  the  command  of  the  Pomp^  74, 
and  on  bb  paaaage  to  [he  Weat  Indiea  he 
captured  le  Pilede,  corrette,  of  16  gnna 
and  109  men.  lieiug  eulruated  by  Sir  Alei. 
Cochrane,  on  hia  arrival  on  that  itatiuu, 
•ritb  the  mBaagcracnt  of  all  the  asial  opc~ 


ing  up  a  most  judici 
south-east  end  of  Flushing,  continui 
bombard  that  town  until  tbe  French 
mandant  signified  bia  intention  lo  aorr^^. 

der ;  when,  with  an  officer  from  the  s 

be  eolcred  blindfolded  intu  the  fori 
and  iiiially  arranged  (be  term*  of  captt 
lation.  On  the  retreat  of  tbe  British  doi 
the  Scheldt,  be  subsequently  Cook  the  post 
□f  honour,  and  fonned  ibc  rear-guard ;  on 
which  occasion  Ihe  Florer  was  Ibe  lost 
vessel  (0  leate  the  riier.  checking  by  her 
fire  the  pnriuit  of  (he  enemy. 

The  BelUirie,  of  which  ship  Capt.  Cock- 
bom  bad  nssnmed  catnmsiid,  being  paid, 
off  in  Oct.  ia09,  he  next,  in  Feb.  1810, 
joiued  the  tmplacahiB  74,  and  wai  inveatot 
Kllb  tbe  eondoot  of  the  naval  part  of  H^ 
eipediiion  hivini  for  iis  object  the  libcM^, 
tion  of  Ferdinand  VIl.  of  Spain  from  OL 
confioentcnt  at  Valeii^ay.     He  afterward! 
proceeded  to  Cadiz  widi   Ibe  flag  of  Sir 
Uioh.  Keats,  and  eSvclootly  co-operated 
in  tbe  defence  of  (liat  place,  particularly 
by  the  able  assistance  he  afforded  with  two 
brigs  and  some  armed  boata  to  ao 
made  to  dislodge  a  French  force  at 
to  the  northward  of  tbe  town, 
the  dote  of  1810  he  safely  eaeoi 
Spaniah  line-Df-battle  ahipa,  of  ISO 
each,  to  the    Havaonab  j  after  wbi 
proceeded  to  Vera  Crur,  and  tbencg 
turned  to  Cadia  with  2,000,0(1 
Arriving  in   England  early  in 
board  Uio  Dmid,  33,  Capt.  Cookbtun 
by  ibe  Admiralty,  again  appointed  a  (' 
modore,  on  Nov.  16,  and  directed  (o 
his  broad  pendant  on  board  (he 
50.    AhoaltbeBamepetiod  bewaa 
to   act  la  joint   commiMiotter  with 
T.  Sydenham  and  Mr.  J.  P.  Mi 
the  purpose  of  effecting 
betweca  Spain  and  bet  traoMllanl 


4 


408 


Obituary^— ilctm.  Sir  George  Cockhui^  Bart,        [Oct. 

ject  of  his  search  near  Pig  Point,  Imt  such 
terror  did  his  yery  presence  excite,  that 
the  Americans  instantly  set  fire  to  their 
▼easels,  all  of  which,  except  one,  blew  up. 
In  parsuance  of  a  bold  plan  which  he  bad 
formed,  the  Rear-Admiral,  joining  an  army 
of  4000  men  noder  Major-General  Ross 
at  Marlborough,  now  adranced  npon  Wash- 
ington, the  capital  of  the  United  States, 
which  he  hoped  to  take  by  a  coup  de  nurtn. 
Reaching  Bladensbnrg  on  the  24  th  of  the 
month,  the  enemy  were  encountered,  about 
8000  strong,  and,  although  firmly  posted, 
attacked  and  cx)mpletely  routed.  Pushing 
forward  without  loss  of  time,  on  the  same 
evening  he  entered  Washington.  The  whole 
of  that  night  and  the  following  day  were 
detoted  to  the  work  of  dcbtruction  ;  and 
by  the  evening  of  the  25th,  when  the 
British  commenced  their  retreat,  public 
property  to  the  value  of  between  two  and 
three  millions  sterling  had  been  demolished. 
Throughout  every  detail  of  this  splendid 
achievement  Sir  George  Cockburn  dis- 
played as  much  judgment  and  ability  as  a 
soldier  as  he  had  previously  displayed  as 
a  naval  commander.  After  conducting 
many  other  operations  on  the  southern 
coast  of  the  United  States,  where  he  kept 
the  inhabitants  in  a  constant  state  of  alarm, 
and  occupied  the  town  of  St.  Mary,  on 
being  informed  of  the  cessation  of  hostili- 
ties, he  returned  to  Spithead,  where  he  ar- 
rived on  May  4, 1815,  having  re-established 
that  naval  supremacy  of  Great  Britain 
which  had  been  on  many  occasions  too 
successfully  questioned  by  our  then  Trans- 
atlantic enemies.  He  had  been  nominated 
a  Knight  Commander  of  the  Bath  on  the 
Snd  Jan.  in  the  same  year. 

Shortly  after  he  hoisted  his  flag  in  the 
Northumberland  74,  as  Commander-in- 
Chief  at  St.  Helena,  having  been  selected 
to  convey  Napoleon  Bonaparte  to  that 
island.  Sir  George  sailed  from  Plymouth 
on  the  8th  Aug.,  and  on  the  16th  Oct. 
landed  his  important  charge  at  the  place 
of  his  destination.  He  had  the  good  for- 
tune to  be  considered  as  "  a  gentleman  " 
by  the  querulous  ex-£mperor.  He  was 
superseded,  in  June  1816,  by  Sir  Pnlteney 
Malcolm ;  and  returning  home  struck  his 
flag  in  the  following  August.  Having  be- 
come a  Vice- Admiral  Aug.  12.  1819,  he 
afterwards,  with  his  flag  in  the  Vernon  50 
and  President  53,  commanded  in  chief  on 
the  North  America  and  West  India  sta- 
tion from  Dec.  6,  1832,  until  Feb.  1836. 
His  promotion  to  the  rank  of  full  Admiral 
took  place  Jan.  10,  1837.  Sir  George 
Cockburn  was  advanced  to  the  grade  of  a 
Grand  Cross  of  the  Bath,  with  additional 
armorial  bearings  indicative  of  his  import- 
ant sertices,  Feb.  1818.  He  was  elected  a 
Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society,  Dec.  21, 1830. 


lonies.  The  scheme,  however,  in  con- 
•eqnence  of  the  narrow-minded  policy 
pursued  by  the  Spanish  Cortes,  proving 
abortive,  the  Commodore,  after  proceeding 
aa  fiur  as  Cadiz,  returned  home,  and  on 
Aug.  12, 1813,  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Rear-Admiral-— previously  to  which  he  had 
been  appointed  Aug.  1,  181 1 ,  a  Colonel  of 
Marines.  He  soon,  with  his  flag  in  the 
Marlborough  74,  again  sailed  for  Cadiz, 
in  order  to  assume  command  of  the  British 
iquadron  employed  in  its  defence ;  but,  the 
aiege  having  been  raised  prior  to  his  ar- 
rival, he  was  ordered  to  North  America, 
where  hostilities  had  been  recently  declared 
against  Great  Britain.  Arriving  in  the  Che- 
sapeake on  March  3, 1813,  he  commenced 
operations  by  clearing  the  river  James  of 
ito  vessels,  and  carrying  consternation  into 
the  heart  of  Virginia.  He  next  penetrated 
to  the  upper  part  of  Elk  River,  at  the  very 
head  of  the  Chesapeake  waters ;  landed  and 
partially  destroyed  the  town  of  Havre  de 
Graoe,  together  with  a  battery  and  cannon- 
ftrandry,  near  the  entrance  of  the  Susque- 
hanna ;  and,  proceeding  up  the  Sassafras 
River  with  all  the  boats  of  his  squadron 
on  Ma]^6,  succeeded,  after  routing  a  body 
of  about  400  men,  who  had  opened  on 
them  a  fire  from  an  entrenched  position 
on  the  two  opposite  banks  of  the  river,  in 
demolishing  the  settlements  of  Georgetown 
and  Frederickstown.  On  June  36  he  fur- 
ther co-operated  with  Sir  Sidney  Beckwith 
in  the  attack  upon  Hampton  ;  and,  shift- 
ing his  flag  on  July  1  to  the  Sceptre  74, 
andsted,  in  the  course  of  that  month,  at  the 
capture  of  Ocrukoke,  and  Portsmouth 
Islands,  on  the  coast  of  North  Carolina, 
possessing  himself  at  the  same  time  of  the 
Anaconda  of  20,  and  Atlas  of  12  guns. 
He  next,  on  the  morning  of  July  5,  with 
a  mere  handful  of  men,  made  himself 
master  of  Kent  Island,  in  the  Chesapeake, 
to  which  bay,  after  visiting  Bermuda,  he 
ultimately  returned  in  1814,  on  board  the 
Albion  74.  In  July  of  the  latter  year  the 
Rear-Admiral  entered  the  Potomac,  and, 
ascending  that  river,  frequently  landed  at 
the  head  of  about  500  seamen  and  marines, 
sometimes  in  Maryland  on  the  one  side, 
and  sometimes  in  Virginia  on  the  other ; 
and,  overrunning  both  provinces  to  the 
distance  of  ten  miles  from  the  water's 
edge,  destroyed  all  the  military  posts  and 
stores  to  be  met  with  in  the  whole  of  that 
extensive  range  of  country,  and  captured 
and  shipped  off  several  guns,  stores  of 
tobacco,  flour,  and  other  articles,  but  not, 
however,  without  frequently  coming  into 
severe  contact  with  the  enemy.  He  next 
proceeded  with  his  boats  up  the  Petuxent 
in  quest  of  a  powerful  flotilla,  under  the 
orders  of  Commodore  Barney,  and  at 
length,  on  August  23,  discovered  the  ob- 
10 


1853.]      Obituahy.— yWni.  Sir  Oemge  Cochbmn,  Bail. 


Oil  tbB  2bth  Mnrcli,  \B\i,  Sir  George 
Cockbum  wne  afipoiDtcd  one  of  the  Lords 
oftbe  Admirslty,  nberc  he  retained  a  scat 
until  1IJ30.  He  wu  first  retamcd  to 
Parliament  ai  one  of  the  member*  for 
Portimouth  at  like  generBl  election  of  IBIH. 

In  18Z0  be  wu  elected  forWeobJef  ;  in 
1836  for  PlTmaath. 

On  the  20th  Aprii,  16T!,  he  vias  Eworn 
a  Frirr  Connuilior. 

WhiiitComaiSDder-In-cbicfinlbcWnt 
Indiei  lie  was  again  nomiaated  aeniornaial 
Lord  of  the  Admiralty  under  Lord  De 
Gref.  Before  he  bad  returned,  howeier, 
Sir  R.  Feel  bad  resigned,  and  Sir  George 
wai  out  of  office  luilil  the  retnni  of  Sir  R. 
Feel  to  power  in  1B4I.  From  that  time 
until  104GSir  George  nia  the  senior  naval 
Lord,  and  upon  him,  it  may  be  >nid,  de- 
volved the  chief  buiineia  of  Ibe  Admiralty, 
with  tbe  Earl  of  Haddington  for  most 
of  the  lime  ai  tbe  political  bead.  At  the 
farmer  date  (1841}  be  waa  returned  to 
Parliament  for  Ripon,  which  he  continned 
.  to   reprpKnt  until  July,  1H47-      He  had 

been  an  nnsBcceiEful  candidate  for  Green- 
wich at  the  lame  general  election  of  1841, 
at  that  of  183j  for  Plymouth,  and  at  that 
of  1831  both  for  Plymouth  and  Porti- 
month. 

On  the  5th  April,  1B2I,  he  was  ap. 
pointed  Mnjor-General  of  Marinei.  In 
No*.  IB41  lie  became  an  Admiral  of  the 
1  Bed.  in  1847  Rear-Admiralof  the  United 

Khigdom,  and  in  1B5I  Admiral  of  the 
Fleet. 

He  Bocceeded  to  the  ancient  baronetcy 
of  hii  family  on  tbe  death  of  bit  elder  bro- 
ther Major-Genecal  Sir  James  Coelcburn, 
G.CH.  in  February  1853. 

Sir  George  Cockbarn  wai  a  true  tailor, 
and  as  luob  naa  honoured  and  mpected 
by  all  he  served  with  or  commanded.  His 
characterittica  were  high  generoiitj.a  bold 
and  nnflinching  determination.  He  never 
indiicreetly  dared  what  he  coald  not  ac- 
eompliih;  he  never  rctolved  to  do  what 

ibe  failed  to  achieve.  He  wat  one  of  tlioac 
BwtleT'mindB  thai  calculated  everything, 
■nd  ennired  the  accuracy  of  bia  meaiuree 
by  Ibe  reaulla  he  produced.  Nothing  naa 
too  little  for  hia  perception,  nothing  naa 
too  great  for  hia  graap.  He  poaaeiKd  an 
extraordinary  reliance  on  bia  own  indi- 
vidual ability  to  compaja  that  nliich  he 
bad  determined,  and  thereby  infuaed  that 
eonfideneo  in  hia  eubordinatc*  which  wat 
the  KCurity  for  luccei)!.  He  wat  conhdent 
without  any  temerity,  he  waa  boM  without 
being  raili,  and  he  was  lictoricma  alwaya 
by  derign  and  never  by  accidenL  Know- 
ing hiffllelf,  he  knew  hii  officera  and  men. 
If  often  aevere  be  wa>  alwaya  juit,  and  in 
the  I'oorae  of  hia  career  he  fre(|0ently  ei- 
bibited  Ihoae  trails  ot  character  which 
Okht.  Mao.  Vot.  XL. 


never  fail  to  make  an  officer  a  great  at 
and  those  nuder  hii  conimond  devoted  Mj 
their  chief.  When  i 
Minerva,  before  the  battle  of  St.  VinceniJI 
he  fell  in  with  Ihn  Spanish  Hi 
immediately  chased  by  their  awifleat  ihipii 
Of  caune  he  Cried  to  get  away  as  fa 
lie  could,  but  in  "  carrying  on''  a 
belonging  to  his  frigate  fell  orerhi 
With  moat  in  Ibe  tiigale  it  was  no  quesliod 
that  Che  man  would  be  abandoned  to  K" 
fate— for  it  was  one  life  to  350  ;  but  i 
so  with  the  Captain.  The  moment  he  ai 
the  circnmatance,  with  that  high  ohivl! 
roui  feeling  which  wins  all  hearts,  i 
especially  the  entire  devotion  of  a 
his  instant  orders  wear  to  "  wear 
"  Fortune  farouri  tbe  braie  " — roand  tl 
went  in  a  twinkling,  ran  down  through  til 
Spaniah  fleet,  eichanged  broadsides  wit 
the  (<uemy,  Captain  Cockbnni  picked  a 
hia  man,  and  continued  hii  co 
deHance. 

It  ia  impoaaible  to  do  justiee 
deceased 'a  administrative  servicer  duriq 
the  hitter  portion  of  hi* 
equal  to  any  emtrgeney — superior  to  ai , 
didicutt)'.  In  every  department  SirGeor* 
waa  perfectly  at  home  ;  and  i>f  him  i' 
Esid,  that  without  any  nastataQca  he  cc 
cDnilnct  every  department  with   the  i 
[lutest  attention  to  every  detail  of  the  i 
vice.      He  neither  reqiured  the  aaiiitai 
of  his  colleagnea  nor  the  promptinga 
any  "  Whitehall  ship's  corporal."  He  wa« 
superior  to  petty  intrignea,  and  despiaed 
tbe  low  etpiauaffe  of  subordinates.     Hia 
advice  mos  ever  respected,  hia  orders  nera 
implicitly  obeyed,  and  hia  rebukes  wei  ~ 
most  effective.      He  waa  re^rded  by  tl 
Dnke  of  Wellington  ai  the  first  man  i_ 
the  navy  ;  he  was  looked  up  to  by  Sir  Ks 
Peel  as  the  mainstay  of  hia  department.4 
His.minutes  were  maatcrpiecea  of  inlelH-V 
gence — clear,   solid,   and  comprehensive  1 
He  never  grappled  with  a  i|neslioa  that  h^fM 
did  not  nndetstand  ;  he  never  gave  eirc»-'T 
lation  Co  an  opinion  that  did  not  carry 
with  its  eiprefsion  a  aenac  of  its  value  and 
practicnhility. 

With  the  Earl  of  Hnddlnglon  be  acted 
in  the  most  perfect  and  sincere  cordiality 
of  feeling,  and  the  reault  was  V  '  '  ' 
improvement  in  the  navy  whii 
the  administration  of  his  Lordship. 
all  hia  immense  labonra  he  had  li  ~ 
kind  and  agreeable  to  all  thai  wc 
duced  to  him.      He   was  ever  raady  la''1 


h..im 


,  advise,    pennade,  and  infam 


le  was  tbe  "tors' 


service,  of  which  h 
most  man  of  the  age." 

In  his  clonng  years,  although  retired 
from  political  and  [mifessinnal  lifr  he  waa, 
nlwav*  nccrailhlR  to  Ibntc  in  i- 
• »Q 


410  Obituary^ — LieuU-Gen.  Sir  C  J.  Napier^  G,C*B,     [Oct. 


hia  profound  experience  was  ever  at  the 
command  of  bis  successors,  irrespective  of 
their  political  opinions.  It  was  a  grateful 
•et  of  Sir  F.  Baring  and  Admiral  Dundas 
to  recommend  Sir  G.  Cockburn  to  be  pro- 
moted to  be  Admiral  of  the  Fleet,  and  he 
was  deeply  sensible  of  the  honour  so  de- 
iervedly  conferred  upon  him.  Like  the 
Duke  of  Wellington,  Sir  George  Cock- 
born  sacrificed  every  feeling  to  "  duty,*' 
and,  full  of  years  and  honours,  he  has  de- 
scended to  the  tomb  with  the  consciousness 
that  not  only  has  he  done  his  duty,  but 
that  in  the  deathless  page  of  history,  the 
brightest  leaf  will  immortalise  his  good 
lervices  to  his  Sovereign  and  his  country. 

Sir  George  Cockburn  married  his  cousin 
Miaa  Mary  Cockburn. 

His  body  was  deposited  in  the  old  cata- 
oombs  at  Kensal  Green  cemetery :  at> 
tended  by  his  son  Sir  James  Cockburn, 
ma  brother  the  Very  Rev.  William  Cock- 
bum,  Dean  of  York,  his  nephew  Sir 
Alexander  Cockburn  (late  Attorney -Gene- 
ral), Sir  James  Hamilton,  his  cousin  Ad- 
miral Ayscough,  Capt.  A.  Duntzc,  &c. 

Libut.-Gkk.  Sir  C.  J.  Napier,  G.C.B. 

Aug,  29.  At  his  seat  at  Oaklands,  near 
Fortsmouth,  aged  71,  Lieut.- General  Sir 
Charles  James  Napier,  G.C.B.  Colonel  of 
the  22d  Foot. 

Hiis  very  remarkable  man  was  the  eldest 
ion  of  the  Hon.  George  Napier,  Colonel 
in  the  army,  and  Comptroller  of  the  Army 
accounts  in  Ireland  (sixth  son  of  Francis 
filth  Lord  Napier),  by  his  second  marriage 
with  Lady  Sarah  Lennox,  seventh  daugh- 
ter of  Charles  second  Duke  of  Richmond 
and  Lennox,  K.G.  He  was  bom  at  White- 
hall, Westminster,  on  10th  August,  \T6'2. 
He  is  said  to  have  been  considered  a  deli- 
cate child,  and  was  brought  up  accord- 
ingly ;    but    if   he  was,   he   must    have 
ipeedily,  in  common  phrase,  grown  out  of 
it.     He  was  removed  at  an  early  age  to 
Ireland — to  Castletown,  in  the  county  of 
Kildare.     Here  he  received  his  education, 
at  the  hands  of  his  father,  who,  however, 
appears  to  have  made  it  of  the  shortest, 
as,  before  the  boy  had  finished  his  twelfth 
year,  he  received,  on  the  31st  Jan.  1794, 
an  Ensign's  commission  in  the  22d  regi- 
ment of  Foot;  and  on  the  8th  of  May 
following  he  was  gazetted  a  Lieutenant. 
)lere  was  quick  promotion ;  but  stirring 
times  were  at  hand.   The  Reign  of  Terror 
was  in  full  swing,  and  the  symptoms  of 
Irish  disatfection  were  becoming  visible. 
Four  years  after,  that  country  was  in  a 
blaze,  and  young  Napier  saw  his  first  ser- 
vice as  Aide-de-camp  to  Sir  James  Duff. 
His  regiment  still  keeping  in  Ireland,  where 
it  was  recruited,  he  was  called  out  on  the 
occasion  of  the  Emmett  plot  and  insurrec- 


tion, and  the  young  soldier  had  a  second 
time  the  opportunity  of  seeing  the  horrors 
of  civil  war.     But  he  was  soon  destined  to 
a  share  in  campaigning  upon  a  greater 
scale.     Towards  the  end  of  1803,  he  ob- 
tained his  company,  and  exchanged  into 
the  50th  ;  and  having  been  appointed  to  a 
majority  on  the  29th  May,  1806,  he  com- 
manded this  regiment  during  the  terrible 
retreat  on  Corunna  under  Sir  John  Moore, 
and  during  the  fatal  battle  in  which  that 
gallant  leader  fell.  Nor  had  Major  Napier 
much  better  fortune,  for  he  was  wounded 
in  five  places  and  made  prisoner.  The  42d 
and  50th   had  attacked  and   driven   the 
French  out  of  a  village  called  Elvina,  and 
Sir  John  Moore  had  sent  a  battalion  of 
Guards  to  reinforce  the  regiments  in  con- 
tinuing the  advance.    The  42d,  however, 
taking  the  Grenadiers  for  a  relief,  p|ar- 
tially  fell  back,  leaving  the  50th  fightinf 
in  some  disorder  amongst  rnioed  houses 
and  garden  walls.     At  this  moment,  the 
French  having  been  powerfully  reinforced, 
advanced    in    an    overwhelming    charge^ 
driving  back  the  50th  into  the  village.    In 
the  retreat  Major  Stanhope,  a  nephew  of 
Mr.  Pitt,  was  killed,  ana  Major  Napier 
desperately  wounded  and  made  prisoner. 
In  his  recently- published  wurk,  **  English 
Battles  and  Sieges  in  the  Peninsnla,*'  his 
brother  Sir  William  Napier  gives,  the  fol- 
lowing compact  account  of  the  affair : — 
^^Encomjiassed  by  enemies  and  denied 
quarter,  he  received  five  wounds,  but  he 
still  fought  and  struggled  for  life  until  a 
French   drummer,  with  a  generous  heat 
and  indignation,  forcibly  rescued  him  from 
his   barbarous   assailants."     We  subjoin 
some  details  from  another  authority,  by 
whom   Major   Napier  is   represented    as 
having  been  taken  in  an  attempt  to  carry 
a  gun  which  had  committed  great  slaughter, 
and  was  the  identical  one  from  which  Sir 
John  Moore  afterwards  received  his  death- 
wound.      This  statement   receives   some 
colouring  from  Napier,  who  states  that 
Sir  John  was  in  the  thick  of  the  affair  at 
Elvina,  and  was  ''  dashed  from  his  horse 
to  the  ground.     A  cannon-shot  from  the 
rock  battery  had  torn  away  all  the  flesh 
from  his  left  breast  and  shoulder,  and 
broken  the  ribs  over  a  heart  undaunted 
even  by  this  terrible,  this  ghastly,  mortal 
hurt."      To  return,   however,  to   Major 
Napier.     He  is  described  as  advancing 
over  broken  ground,  armed  with  a  musket, 
and  calling  on  his  men  to  follow  him. 
Three  of  the  four  who  obeyed  him  fell  in 
the  attempt,  the  fourth  was  wounded,  and 
the  rest  hung  back.     Napier  was  in  the 
act  of  helping  the  wounded  man  when  he 
was  struck  by  a  musket-ball,  which  broke 
one  of  his  shank  bones.    Throwing  down 
his  mubket,  he  was  hobbling  along,  leaning 


1853.]    Obitlary.— Z£t'w/.-6V'/>.  Sir  C.  J.  Napier,  G.C.B.        411 


on  his  Fwortl,  when  a  cowardly  Frenchman 
ran  hU  bayonet  into  his  b.ick.  The  hurt, 
however,  not  being  serious,  Mojor  Napier 
turned  round  and  dis-irmcd  his  assailant, 
now  supported  by  several  of  his  comrades, 
whom  the  Major  gallantly  faced  until  he 
was  knocked  down  senseless  by  the  butt- 
end  of  a  musket,  and  was  about  to  be 
dispatched  outright,  when  the  benevolent 
drummer  interfered  and  dragged  him  out 
of  the  melie.  Sir  William  Napier,  it  will 
be  observed,  mentions  five  wounds ;  and 
In  Hart's  Army  List  the  same  number  is 
stated,  to  wit,  "  leg  broken  by  a  musket- 
shot,  sabre-cut  on  the  head,  in  the  bick 
by  a  bayonet,  ribs  broken  by  a  cannon- 
shot,  and  several  severe  contusions." 

Ney  received  his  gallant  prisoner  with 
a  kindness  which  was  not.  hi»  general  cha- 
racteristic, procured  for  him  the  necessary 
medical  assistance,  and,  upon  his  recovery, 
which  was  rapid — for  it  would  appear, 
from  several  circumstances  in  his  life,  that 
Sir  Charles's  flesh  had  a  very  fortunate 
facility  in  healing — dismissed  him,  with 
permission  to  go  to  England  on  parole. 
This  act  of  generosity  was  probably  caused 
by  the  close  of  the  campaign,  which  was 
terminated  by  the  battle  of  Corunna.  The 
belief  in  the  meantime  was  prevalent  in 
Etigland  that  Major  Napier  had  been 
killed,  and  he  found  his  friends  in  mourn- 
iog,  and  his  property  being  administered 
to.  It  was  probably  about  the  period  of 
forced  inactivity  which  ensued,  that  Major 
Napier  commenced  that  literary  career 
which  he  afterwards  carried  on  during 
another  compulsory  cessation  from  mili- 
tary services.  His  brother,  Sir  William, 
in  his  work.  The  C'onquest  of  Scinde, 
mentions  several  of  these  productions, 
amongst  others,  Tlie  Colonics  ;  Colonisa- 
tion, with  remarks  upon  Small  Farms  and 
Over- Population  ;  Military  Law,  a  work 
stated  to  be  eloquent,  and  copious  of  anec- 
dote; An  Essay  on  the  State  of  Ireland; 
and  Notes  upon  De  Vigny's  Lights  and 
Shades  of  Militiry  Life.  It  must  have 
been  at  an  after  period,  after  his  Greek 
government,  that  Sir  Charles  wrote  The 
Roads  of  Cephalonia,  a  natural  subject 
for  so  great  and  enterprising  a  road- 
maker  ;  and  we  learn  that,  upon  one 
occasion,  the  date  is  not  mentioned,  the 
stern  warrior  and  engineer  unbent  from 
professional  topics  so  far  as  to  indite 
Harold  of  England,  an  historical  romance, 
not  published,  but  worthy  of  being  so,  and 
showing  the  author's  versatile  powers  of 
mind. 

But  suspense  of  action  soon  tired  Sir 
Charles;  and  in  1811  we  find  him  back 
again  in  the  Peninsula,  and,  as  a  volunteer, 
fighting  desperately  at  the  desperate  figKt 
of  Coa,  where   he  had  two  horses  snot 


under  him,  but  escaped  unhurt.  At  Ba- 
saco,  one  of  the  hottest-fought  battles  of 
the  war,  he  was  not  so  fortunate,  being 
shot  in  the  face,  having  his  jaw  broken 
and  his  eye  injured.  Good  medical  as- 
sistance not  appearing  to  be  a^  hand,  Sir 
Charles  actually  rode  to  Lisbon,  a  dis- 
tance of  more  than  a  hundred  miles,  and 
had  the  ball  extracted  from  where  it  had 
worked  it.<elf  to,  behind  his  ear.  Still  not 
satisfied  with  fighting— and  now  elevated, 
in  June,  1811,  to  a  Lieutenant-Colonelcy 
— the  subject  of  this  memoir  recoverea 
soon  enough  to  take  a  share  in  the  hard- 
fought  battle  of  Fuentes  d'Onore,  where 
Lord  Wellington  was  also  engaged  with 
another  division  of  the  army  ;  and  he  was 
present  at  the  second  siege  of  Badajoz. 

After  taking  part  in  innumerable 
skirmishes  and  unrecorded  rencontres* 
Lleut.-Coloncl  Napier  returned  to  Eng- 
land, and  presently  exchanged  the  repose 
which  t'le  visit  afforded  him  for  the  de- 
lights of  a  fighting  cruise  off  the  Chesa- 
peake, capturing  American  vessels  and 
making  frequent  descents  upon  the  coasts. 
Back  again  in  England,  upon  the  peace, 
Colonel  Napier  must,  one  would  think, 
have  been  grievously  afflicted  at  missing 
such  a  noble  catastrophe  as  Waterloo.  He 
arrived,  however,  three  days  after  the 
battle,  took  part  in  the  storming  of  the 
ramparts  of  Cambray,  and  accompanied 
the  army  to  Paris.  A  period  of  militarr 
inactivity  followed,  during  part  of  which 
Colonel  Napier,  being  stationed  in  the 
Greek  Islands,  was  appointed  to  the  go- 
vernment of  the  island  of  Cephalonia. 
His  brother,  in  the  introductory  part  of 
the  Conquest  of  Scinde,  is  eloquent  aboat 
the  excellent  government  bestowed  by 
Colonel  Napier  on  the  Cephalonese,  who^ 
he  says,  still  call  him  "  Father,^'  and  still 
cultivate  and  remit  to  him  the  profits  of 
a  small  patch  of  vines.  Sir  Charles  being 
ignorant  even  of  the  names  of  his  attached 
friends.  Into  the  question  of  the  recti 
of  Sir  Charles  from  his  Greek  government 
we  will  not  enter.  He  was  very  indignant 
at  the  affair,  and  expressed  the  same  in 
very  indignant  phrases.  While  in  Cepha- 
lonia, Sir  Charles  concocted  with  Byron  a 
plan  for  the  deliverance  of  Greece,  which, 
however,  says  Sir  William  Napier,  was 
disregarded  by  the  Greek  Committee  fn 
London,  adding,  "  Why,  it  is  for  the 
Humes,  the  Ellices,  and  the  Bowrings  to 


»t 


say 

After  a  short  command  of  the  militMT 
district  of  the  North  of  England,  8& 
Charles  Napier,  now  Major-General,  was 
ordered  to  take  the  command  of  the  army 
at  Bombay  ;  and  here  commences  the  most 
splendid  period  of  his  life,  resulting  in  the 
conquest,  the  pacification,  and  the  cT^tft 


412  Obit VAViY^^LUut.- Gen.  Sir  C.  J.  Napier,  G.CJB.      [Oct. 


improvement  of  Scinde.     In  1841  he  re- 
ceived the  a|ipointment,  and  iromediatelj 
embarked.     At  Bombay  he  soon  attracted 
attention   by  the   commencement  of  that 
career  of  military  reform  for  which  he  has 
become  so  celebrated,  attacking  also  the 
alleged  abuses  of  Lord  Auckland's  govem- 
ment,  and  rejoicing  in  the  ndveut  of  his 
lordship's  successor,  the  Earl  of  Ellen- 
borough.     At  the  suggestion  of  the  new 
GoyerDor-General,  Sir  Charles  drew  up  the 
plan   of  an   Affghinistan  campaign.      It 
was  on  too  extensive  a  scale  to  be  adopted ; 
but  he  accomplished  more  practical  matter, 
in  breaking  down  the  prejudices  of  the 
Sepoys  in  favour  of  the  matchlock  over 
tiie   musket,  and    arraigned    the  absurd 
custom  of  providing  every  English  soldier 
upon  the  march  with  a  chest,  four  of  which 
formed  the  load  of  a  camel.      The  22d 
having  marched  for  Scinde  with  1300  chests 
and  300  camels,  Sir  Charles  himself  went 
by  sea  to  the  mouth  of  the  Indus,  fifty- four 
deaths  from  cholera  occurring  on  the  pass- 
age among  the  troops,  and  arrived  in  a 
jaded  condition  at  Kurrachee,  where  he 
suffered  a  severe  injury  from  the  explosion 
of  a  rocket.     Nothing  daunted,  this  doring 
captain  set  at  once  about  his  duties.  Scinde 
was  in   a  very  disordered  condition,  and 
British  influence  much  weakened  by  the 
disasters   of  Cabul   and  Guznee,  by  the 
attacks  of  the  hill  Belooches,  the  defeat 
of  Colonel  England,  and  the  isolated  posi- 
tion  of  General  Nott,  besieged   in  Can- 
dahar.     But  Sir  Charles  wrote,  *'  Danger 
from  their  warfare  I  can  see  none.     I  can 
beat  all  the  princes  in  Scinde."     His  first 
step,  however,  was  the  diplomatic  one  of 
waiting  upon  the  Ameers  of  Hyderabad. 
After  this  he  proceeded  to  Sukknr,  and 
thence  commenced  his  operations.  He  said 
he  would  reduce  the  Ameers  to  an  honest 
policy  or  a  terrible  war,  and  he  kept  his 
word.     These  Ameers  would  observe  no 
treaties.  They  made  them  and  broke  them, 
and  at  last  Sir  Charles  Napier,  seeing  that 
war  was  inevitable,  arranged  his  plans  for 
the   campaign.      He   was   fearfully   over- 
matched.    At   Meeanee  there   were  sta- 
tioned in  entrenched  fortifications  !;J2,000 
men,  while  Sir  Charles  had  but  ^800  troops 
in  all,  Sepoys  and  English.  Leaving,  how- 
ever, for  tlic  present,  the  Ameers'  troops 
unmolested,   he   pushed  through   a  wild 
country — nearly  desert — to   a  mysterious 
fortification  called  Emaum   Ghur,  which 
no  European  had  ever  seen,  and  which  he 
ultimately  reached  with  50  cavalry,  two 
howitzers,  and  300  Irish  infantry.  A  hos- 
tile army — ten  times  the  number  of  the 
British,  hung  upon  his  flank,  but  did  not 
venture  to  attack  him.     The  fortification 
was  reached— a  place  with  walls  and  towers 
perfectly  impregnable,  bat  deserted,  Ma- 


hommed  Khan,  one  of  the  Ameers  who 
had  retreated  there,  having  fled  from  it 
with  his  army  and  his  treasury,  leaving  all 
his  stores  and  gunpowder  behind.  Sir 
Charles  and  his  handful  of  men  immedi- 
ately  set  to  work,  mined  the  whole  place, 
blew  it  up,  and  returned  across  the  desert 
without  having  lost  a  single  man.  The 
Duke  of  Wellington  in  the  Honse  of  Lords 
described  this  exploit  as  **  one  of  the  most 
curious  military  feats  which  I  have  ever 
known  to  be  performed,  or  have  ever  pe- 
rused an  account  of  in  my  life."  He  cut 
off  a  retreat  of  the  enemy  which  rendered 
it  impossible  for  them  ever  to  regain  their 
positions. 

Sir  Charles  now  turned  his  atteation  to 
Meeanee.     He  hoped  that  with  his  S,600 
men  he  could  attack  and  defeat  a  body  of 
16,000  Belooches  before  the  other  divisions 
came  up.     He  was  disappointed ;  for  the 
night  before  the  attack  a  second  army  of 
30,000  arrived,  and  Sir  Charles  found  his 
1 ,800  infantry  and  800  cavalry  drawn  up 
opposite  a  host  of  25,000  infantry  and 
10,000  irregular  horsemen.     Yet  he  did 
not  change  his  plan,  although  the  Be- 
looches were  strongly  posted  in  the  bed 
and  on  the  bank  of  a  dried-up  river.    Per- 
ceiving that  he  could  not  turn  the  flank 
of  the  foe,  he  gave  the  daring  order  for  an 
attack  in  front.     His  little  army  had  been 
materially  reduced  by  Colonel  Outram's 
escort   and  a  strong  baggage  guard  de- 
tached ;  but  full  of  enthusiasm  and  con- 
fident of  victory,  1,C00  Englishmen  and 
Sepoys,  including  officers,  advanced  to  the 
attack,  the  Belooches  being  hidden  behind 
their  fortificationsi.     Suddenly  Sir  Cbaries 
perceived  a  wall  with  only  one  opening, 
not  very  wide,  and  behind  it  swarmed  the 
Belooches,   and    the   General  saw   in  an 
instant  that  they   intended  to   rush  ont 
through  the  opening.     Detaching  the  gre- 
nadier company  of  the  22nd,  he  told  their 
Captain,  Tew,  that  he  was  to  block  that 
opening — to  die  in  it  if  it  were  necessary. 
And  the  gallant  captain  did  die ;  but  the 
opening  was  blocked,  and  the  action  of 
600  men  was  paralysed  by  the  skilful  dis- 
position of  80.     The  details  of  the  fearfhl 
battle  which  followed  are  too  well  known 
to  require  minute  recapitulation.     Suffice 
it  to  say  that  the  vast  multitude  of  Be- 
looches, after  a  first  fire,  rushed  upon  the 
22nd   with   a  terrific   cry,   waving  their 
swords  and  covering  themselves  with  their 
shields.      But  with  shouts  as   loud   and 
arms  as  strong  the  gallant  Irish  23nd  met 
them  with,  says  Sir  W.   Napier,  "that 
queen  of  weapons  the  musket,  and  sent 
their   foremost    masses    rolling  back   in 
blood."    During  this  struggle  the  English 
Sappers  fought  gallantly,  protecting  the 
artillery,  which,  having  gained  the  flank, 


1853.]     Obituauv.— /..eii/.-Cen.  Sir  C.  J.  Napiei;  G.C.B.        41* 


6ire[)t  cliagonilly  with  gmpc  the  crondcil 
mit9C«  orUic  Beloacheg,  who  "  gaVEtlieir 
bre«iU  to  the  tbot,  nnd,  leaping  at  the 
guns,  were  blown  iwtj  by  twenties  si  a 
time."  Tliii  liorrible  slaughter  sbso- 
lutelj  tailed  for  tbrea  hours  and  a  half, 
when  -Sir  Chules,  ■ceing  thai  the  battle 
must  be  won  or  lost  witliia  twenty  minutes, 
directed  ■  dei|)ente  charge  of  ciiDtry  on 
the  right  of  the  lieloachei.  wlille  Ihe  in- 
fantry inaile  one  more  tinal  dash  at  tlie 
enemy,  who  at  leogth  gave  way,  the  grape 
■hat  atill  iiouriag  into  their  dense  maaKa, 
and  the  aDldieri  ttill  uiing  thrir  bayonets 
with  the  ferocity  of  ir.en  actunllf  steeped 
in  blood  and  maddened  b;  ihe  fury  of  the 
light. 

Such  was  tlic  famous  battle  of  Meeanee, 
fonghton  the  17th  Feb.  1^43,  and  won 
by  leii  than  2001)  men  sgainat  more  than 
;10,000.  The  dreadful  result,  aa  stated  by 
£ir  William  Napier,  was  that,  of  the  Bri- 
tish forces,  twenty  officers  went  down,  six 
hilled,  with  two  bundredand  litty  serjeuita 
and  prirates,  of  whom  aiity  were  alain 
outright.  "  The  lou  of  the  Beloochea 
wai  enormous,  almott  exceeding  belief. 
A  careful  computation  gaie  6aoa,and  most 
of  (heie  died,  as  no  ijuarter  was  giTCn." 
Thus,  in  four  houn  ^000  men  struck  down 
COOO— three  to  each  man. 

We  tnrn  gladly  from  these  horrible 
details  of  human  slaughter.  Six  of  the 
Amccra  at  once  eurrendered,  yielded  the 
foTtrois  of  Hydrabad,  and  olTered  their 
rich  swords  and  nrrai  to  the  general,  who 
would  not  accept  them.  In  a  few  days 
the  array  took  poiiosion  of  Hydrabad — 
Ihe  Ameers,  who  had  none  of  them  sbonn 
thenuelves  in  the  Ueld,  being  left  anmo- 
leated  in  their  palaces.  Still,  however, 
Sciude  was  not  won.  Shere  Maliomed, 
UDV  of  the  most  ponerful,  and,  to  do  him 
justice,  most  manly  of  the  Auieeis,  was 
collecting  a  new  army,  and  menacing  a 
new  war.  Sir  Charlei  Napier  contented 
himself  with  strengthening  hli  position  i 
and  Lord  Ellcnborough,  with  Uis  congra- 
tolationa  on  MeeaDce,  sent  reinforcementi 
of  infantry,  caialry,  and  artillery — horie 
and  camel.  The  geuenl's  chief  difficulty 
was  about  the  capliie  Ameers,  who  could 
not  now  be  trusted,  and  whom  he  deter- 
mined to  dethrone,  and  Tirluslly  to  impri- 
son. Into  the  much  disputed  policy  of 
tlijs  cjuctlion  we  shall  not  eater.  Possibly 
the  general  was  influenced  by  a  phrase, 
which  bad  got  abroad  among  the  nativa 
IHipuUtion  and  the  Belooches — I'a.. "  Cabul 
Ihe  British."  Sir  William  Nspier  is  par- 
ticuUrly  anxious  to  viodicale  hia  brother's 
conduct  aa  to  these  princes,  and  heaps  up 
masses  of  evidence  to  prove  the  wanton-. 
ne«  and  ctucUy  of  their  former  tyranny. 
We  proceed)  however,  with  the 


Sir  Charles,  with  his  truops  refreshed  u 
powerfully    reinforced,    summoned   f 
Mahomed,  inmamed  "The  Lion,"  to 
render,      lie  was  still  espccliog  the  ai 
of  further  reinforcements  under    M^ji 
Slack,  when  he  found  that  Mehomed  ii 
tended  to  attack  them  before  they  could 
effect  a  junction.     By  the  skilful  manoeu. 
vring  of  three  bodies  of  hit  army,  Sir  C. 
Napier  nut- general  led  "The  Lion,"  and 
then  prepared  to  give  him  a  fair  and  o] 
battle.      Even  more  than  Meeanee, 
contest  which  ensued  was  a  pitched 
stricken  lield.    The  two  armies  were  d 
out  in  regular  military  order  being 
other,  the  Belooches  persevering  it 


:»We 


.  The  si 


was  long  and  obstinately  maintained  :  I 
after  much  tierce  and  sangninary  lighlin] 
the  despcrnte  charges  of  infantry  ai  ' 
valry,  and  the  well-served  arttllery,  ■ 
length  produced  their  ofiec  t— the  It  el  uo  ' 
giving  way  after  about  three  bonra  of  ci 
test.  Seicnteen  standorils  and  fifteen  ^ 
were  the  trophies  oF  the  light.  " 
Lion"  retired  to  the  desert,  and  a  few 
daji  after  the  battle  the  General  mt  in 
the  palace  of  Ihe  Ameers,  and  master  of 
Scinde ;  having  in  siileen  days,  with  3IHH} 
men,  dcfcaleil  more  than  23,000  in  battle, 
captured  two  great  fortresses,  Omercota 
and  Hydrabad  (which  had  been  retaken 
during  his  absence),  and  marched  200 
miles  under  a  Scindlan  sun. 

Lord  Ellenborough  now,  upon  hia  oira 
authority,  constituted  Sir  Charles  Gover- 
nor of  Scinde,  and  responsible  only  to  himi 
and  tlie  General  cnnlinned  his  liibour  of 
entirely  subjugating  the  Ameers,  Ihe  hill 
tribes,  and,  io  general,  the  whole  warlike 
popnlatton,  in  oJl  of  which  he  «as  en^rely 
euccessful.  The  Belooches  hod  received 
■ucli  fearful  lessons  at  the  hands  of  tha 
British  that  they  confessed  that  they  would 
never  face  them  in  battle  again.  Mean- 
time, the  nar  of  charges  and  counter* 
charges  in  ropMI  to  Sir  Charles's  Scin- 
diao  policy,  which  was  so  long  continued, 
was  commencing,  and  Sir  Charles  look  ■ 
manful  part  in  pen-and-ink  self-defence. 
Still,  amid  all  this  hard  intellectual  labour, 
he  worked,  if  poasible,  still  harder  at  tha 
improvement  of  Scinde,  and  the  elevaliaft 
of  its  people.  In  fact,  he  re-organi'*' 
the  native  society ;  Scinde  was  divided  ' 
three  great  colledoratet,  which  transmit 
every  month  their  accounts  and  the  ami  ^ 
of  taxes  received  to  llydrabaJ,  Ihe  seat 
government.  Powerful  bodies  of  trooj 
with  irregular  horsemen  as  |>oli< 
tectel  the  coUectorsles.  The  ni 
was  an  nm.-tiorstioo  of  (he  admin islratiafli 
of  the  native  law,  which  woi  elfected  by 
keeping  the  local  magiitraloa,  called  Ki 
dats,  well  in  hand,  and  by  paying  Ibem 


414  Obituary.     Limt  (wen.  ^it  L\  J.  Napier^  G.C.B.      [Oct. 


Iifgh  salnrir*;  to  make  it  their  interef?t  to 
comply  with  the  new  regiulations.  Sir 
Charles  al:JO  put  down  the  suttres,  and 
partially  improveil  the  feudal  system  of 
nolding  land  for  warlike  services  —  the 
pmtches  called  "j^ghecrs"  belonging  to 
the  State,  and  being  let  out  by  the  chiefs 
and  Ameers.  At  Kurrachee  the  Governor 
made  great  improvemenU,  and  planned 
more.  Bat  in  the  midst  of  all  these  enter- 
prising proceedings,  the  news — astounding 
to  Sir  Charles — arrived  of  the  rccil  of  his 
great  friend  and  supporter.  Lord  Ellen- 
borotlgh.  The  event,  however,  did  not 
at  all  interfere  with  the  Governor's  active 
operations.  He  took  Hydrabad  next  in 
hand,  and  greatly  improved  and  strength- 
ened it,  and  instituted  a  general  survey. 
Proceeding  to  Snkkur,  he  might  be  said 
to  have  male  the  tour  of  the  province  —a 
point  at  which  Sir  William  Napier's  nar- 
rative of  the  **  Administration  of  Scinde*' 
pauses  to  recapitulate  the  Governor's 
achievements  within  two  years.  We  pre- 
sent the  list.  It  is  cert'\inly  very  marvel- 
lous : — 

**  Two  years  had  only  elapsed  since  he 
had  quitted  Sukkur  to  war  on  the  Ameers, 
and  in  that  time  he  had  made  the  march 
to  Emaum  Ghur  in  the  great  desert,  gained 
two  great  battles,  reduced  four  large  and 
many  smaller  fortresses,  captured  six  so- 
Tereign  princes,  and  subdued  a  great  king- 
dom. Ue  had  created  and  put  in  activity 
a  permanent  civil  administration  in  all  its 
branches,  had  conciliated  the  afTeetions  of 
the  different  races  inhabiting  Scinde,  had 
seized  all  the  points  of  an  intricate  foreign 
policy,  commenced  a  number  of  military 
and  other  well-considered  public  works, 
and  planned  still  greater  ones,  not  only 
suited  to  the  exigencies  of  the  moment, 
but  having  also  a  prospective  utility  of 
aim.  In  the  execution  of  these  things  he 
had  travelled  on  camels  and  on  horseback, 
at  the  head  of  troops,  more  than  two 
thousand  miles;  haa  written,  received, 
studied,  and  decided  on  between  four  and 
five  thousand  official  despatches  and  re- 
ports— many  very  elaborate — besides  his 
private  correspondence,  which  was  ex- 
tensive, because  he  never  failed  to  answer 
all  persons  who  addressed  him,  however 
humble  or  however  unreasonable.  He  had 
besides  read,  not  hastily  but  attentively, 
all  the  diaries  of  the  collectors  and  sub- 
collectors,  and  had  most  anxiously  con- 
sidered the  evidence  in  all  capital  trials. 
And  these  immense  labours  were  super- 
added to  the  usual  duties  imposed  by  the 
command  of  a  large  army  belonging  to 
different  governments,  namely,  of  Eng- 
land, Calcutta,  Bombay,  and  Madras. 
They  were  sustained  without  abatement 
noder  severe  attacks  of  illness,  at  the  age 


of  63,  by  a  man  covered  with  wounds,  and 
in  a  climate  where  the  mercury  rises  to 
\'A2  degrees  in  artificially-cooled  tents. 
They  were  sustained  also  amidst  every 
mortification,  every  virulence  of  abuse, 
every  form  of  intrigue  which  disappointed 
cupidity  could  suggest  to  low-minded 
men,  sure  of  support  from  power,  to  him 
ungrateful,  but  to  their  baseness  indulgent 
and  rewarding." 

We  must  pa«s  over  encounters  with  tfie 
hill  robbers  and  brigand  Belooches,  and 
the  formation  of  a  baggage  camel  corps 
— the  men  in  uniform,  and  armed  and 
disciplined  like  regular  soldiers.  Mean- 
time a  Sikh  war  was  impending,  and  as  a 
precautionary  measure  Sir  Charles  got 
together  a  Scindian  and  Bombay  army  of 
15,000  men.  While  this  force  was  being 
collected,  the  battle  of  Ferozeshah  was 
fought,  and  Sir  Charles's  plans  for  a 
great  invasion  of  the  Sutlej  were  thrown 
over  by  his  army  being  ordered  to  Bha- 
walpoor  by  the  new  Govemor-Greneral — 
while  the  battle  of  Sobraon,  putting  an 
end  to  the  war,  terminated  all  Sir  Charles's 
fbture  schemes  of  conquest.  He  fbund, 
however,  quite  enough  to  do  in  the  paper 
warfare  in  which  he  was  unavoidably  en« 
gaged.  He  addressed  manifestoes  to  the 
East  India  Company  and  to  the  Board  of 
Control,  giving  descriptions  of  Scinde  be- 
fore and  after  he  had  conquered,  and,  to 
some  degree,  civilised  it.  Unwilling,  how- 
ever, to  leave  Scinde  without  an  attempt 
at  rendering  its  prosperity  permanent,  he 
managed,  by  means  of  the  strong  influence 
which  he  now  possessed  over  the  minds 
of  the  population,  to  change  the  feudal 
system  of  landholding  into  a  landlord  and 
tenant  system,  which  he  considered  the 
best  menus  of  forming  loyal  subjects,  by 
raising  a  race  of  independent  formers 
attached  to  the  government 

In  July,  1847,  the  bad  health  of  Lady 
Napier  rendered  a  colder  climate  neces- 
sary, and  in  October  the  ex-Govemor  of 
Scinde  embarked  amid  a  grand  military 
demonstration.  He  was  received  in  his 
native  land  with  similar  honours,  though 
of  a  more  civil  character.  Thanks  had 
already  been  voted  to  him  by  both  Houses 
of  Parliament  for  each  of  his  great  victo- 
ries,  and  his  arrival  was  signalised  by  a 
series  of  magnificent  festivals,  at  which 
the  strange,  yet  noble  and  striking,  pre- 
sence of  the  warrior  was  a  theme  of  uni- 
versal interest  and  a  subject  of  universal 
observation. 

For  some  time  after  his  return  home 
Sir  Charles  Nanier  lived  in  semi-retire- 
ment, until  the  disasters  of  the  last  Sikh 
war  raised  a  perfect  panic  in  England, 
and  all  eves  turned  to  the  hero  of  Scinde 
as   the  deliverer  of  our  Indian  empire. 


I8oa.]     Obituaky— ii«u(.-GVn.  Sir  C.  J.  Nujiier,  O.C-B. 


Pron>)it  to  obejr  a  call  of  Juty,  tl>e  veteran 
Gsmfnl  started  la  March  \H3,  but  fouDil 
on  hii  BTriTol  It  Bombof  tbil  ths  Siklii 
liml  been  finally  rented,  nnJ  that  his  work 
had  been  perfanncd  for  biro.  There  nu 
DO«r  no  enemjr  to  caatend  witli,  and  na 
pnocipnlity  to  admiiiiiter  ;  so  Sit  Charlet 
wt  to  work  at  fail  fsiourite  occupstlon  of 
militw]r  reforin. 

During  hii  lut  Ito  years  in  InJiit,  the 
kbuics  wblcb  he  correcteJ,  and  the  ex- 
ceis«  nhiub  he  reitisioed,  nere  perFeotlj 
nnmberleai.  In  this  good  trork  Sir  Chartes 
was  DO  respecter  of  personE,  nnd  treated 
majors  and  colooeli  precise!/  as  he  did 
oarporoU  and  ■crjeaDU.  Tliu  eijieniite 
babita  uf  the  mess  lio  rewluteljp  put  an 
end  to  in  every  regimeul  uniter  his  con- 
trol. Sir  Charles's  onn  maaner  of  XWmg 
wai  simple  to  isterity.  Ue  was  quite 
eontent  to  subsist  upon  the  ardiiuiry  al- 
lowance  of  a  soldier,  and,  aj  he  actaally 
practised  what  he  preached,  hij  injunc- 
tions came  with  doable  weight.  Multi- 
plicity of  officers'  baggage  was  his  abhor- 
tenmi  aud  onr  readers  will  remember  the 
iadignant  and  no  less  amusing  than  indig- 
nant diatribe  ivhich  he  tiiltaiaatcd  agsinat 
trunks,  portmaateaua,  and  carpet-baigs. 
and  all  sucb  abominations — uuiileiiding 
that  no  oBicar  on  serTicD  baa  need  of  any 
luggage  eicepl  a  imall  knapsack,  with  a 
couple  nr  shirts,  ai  many  SDcka,  a  second 
pair  of  shoes,  some  soap,  and  a  tooth- 
brush. AHer  two  years'  reaidrnce  in  In- 
dia Sir  Cbailet  bade  a  final  adieu  to  the 
East.  Olid  returned  for  the  last  time  to 
Englaad,  where  he  continued  to  reside  in 
quiet  leclusioD.  The  last  public  occaaion 
when  Le  wss  iieen  was  in  St.  Paul's  Ca- 
thedral, as  he  followed  to  the  grave  his  old 
and  illustriana  commander.  He  then 
looked  ill  and  wan,  aad  appeared  to  walk 
Wtlb  pain  and  difficulty.  SeientT-oDe 
jeais,  and  nearly  a  score  of  woonds,  or 
Bcddeuls  which  «ere  equivalent  to  nounds 
— fifty-four  years  of  the  long  period  in 
qaeatloii  baying  been  spent  in  almost  nn- 
remlttiiig  labour,  mcntid  and  nhysicdl,  la 
ererj  climate — such  a  life  might  well  have 
eihaosied  nature  eieii  before  the  period  of 
tbree-icore  and  teu.  Uut  Sir  Charles 
Napier  has  died  full  of  years  and  of 
honoun  i  and  it  is  none  of  tbe  least  of  tlie 
latter  tbat  he  was  the  timl  general  who 


thenuelves,  aiilc   by   tide  with   those  of 

In  luiing  Sir  Charles  Napier,  thi:  country 
loses  one  of  it*  brighteat  military  orna- 
ments, and  one  of  ila  moat  acute  and 
iodefatigable  military  administraton  and 
reformers.  In  mauy  respect*  Sir  Charlu 
stood  mitrhedly  (i-it,efen  amid  the  gallant 


and  able  men  ainaugst  whom  he  tjiint  his 
long  and  adventurous  life.  Brave  to  rash- 
DeH,  and  beyond  it— loiing,  in  bis  early 
days,  danger  for  its  own  sake — adventnrons 
to  an  CI treme— indefatigable  in  all  he  un- 
dertook— with  aa  much  ferUlity  uf  inven- 
tion as  rapidity  in  action — equally  ready 
with  tongue,  pen,  and  sword — and,  to  crown 
all,  of  a  strangely  wild  and  eccentiii:  ap- 
pearance— Sir  Charles  Napier  was  a  man 
perfectly  ttii  gtHtrir.  Able  as  have  been 
many  of  tbe  meinberi  of  his  family,  from 
the  time  of  Napier  of  Mcrcbiatoan  down- 
wards, perhaps  Sir  Cbarlei  James  Nspier 
was,  as  n  geocral,  an  admioiatralor,  and  o 
ruler,  the  ablest  of  them  all.  The  predo- 
nsinating  qaalily  of  bis  miad  may  be  set 
down  as  a  fiery  energy  and  a  rcstleae  long- 
ing for  aotioD.  He  wua  keen  in  like  and 
dislike,  utterly  intolerant  of  all  abuses. 
He  always  spoke  bU  mind,  and  in  speaking 
it  never  failed  to  call  a  spade  a  spade.  Few 
officers  in  the  British  army  ted  cucb  a  life 
of  coatiauous  mental  and  pbyiicsl  exertion 
aa  Sir  Charles.  At  one  lime  he  was  fight- 
ing as  a  cQmmiasioued  officer,  at  euuCher 
B8  a  volunteer.  His  exploits  extended  to 
Bco  as  well  as  land.  Now  no  see  him  as 
the  governor  of  a  colony,  again  as  a  uego- 
ciator,  a  diplomat  iat,  and  an  adminin- 
trator,  abolithiug  the  lavage  cuatoms  of  a 
fierce  and  untractable  people,  and  inlm- 
ducing  with  vast  energy  all  manner  of  re- 
forms in  the  diicipline  of  hii  own  troopa. 
Worn  out  at  length,  and  riddled  with 
wounds  received  in  the  Peninsula  and  in 
India,  the  body— not  the  indomitable 
mind^gradualiy  failed  ;  and  after  not  less 
than  Sfty-fuur  years  of  service — by  far  tbe 
grester  proportion  of  the  time,  active  ser- 
vice— theeODuaerorof  6i;inde,and  the  hero 
of  Hyderabad  and  Meeaner,  ha*  breathed 
bi«  last,  as  did  bis  gresl  commander,  tran- 
quilly in  his  bed.  '•  You  must  go-  or  I 
mu«t,"  said  the  Duke,  when  our  Indiae 
empire  wai  shaken  by  warlike  disaster. 
Now  both  arc  gone,  at  the  behest  of  tbe 

Sir  Charles  Napier  eipired  under  the 
old  colours  of  the  SSnd  rpgJmonl,  for  bl* 
son-in-Uw,  Major  M'Murdo,  «ei»ed  (hose 
glorious  relics  from  tbe  comer  of  his 
cbsmber,  and  fastened  tbcm  to  the  bead 
of  his  open  bedstead  bcfoie  breathing 
eeaced.  That  D|icn  bedstead  became  his 
bier.  "  Ilis  head  (as  described  by  an  ey e- 
vrilneas)  lies  immediately  beneath  the  fine 
picture  of  Meeanee  by  Jones,  and  the 
eoloors  of  tbe  '."Jnd  still  ware  over  him. 
On  each  aide  of  the  curpae  ia  an  Indian 
apear  hiuig  with  Beloouh  shiclda ;  and  near 
him  are  aabrea,  matchlocks,  and  olfatl 
trophies  Ukeu  in  battle.  At  hU  fi  " 
,  the  Chief  Ameer's  white  marble  ul 
Stat',  over  the  bai^k  of  which  arc  si 


416         OBixaARY-— Zi«i/.-G«i.  Sir  NeU  Douglas,  K.CJB.      [Oct. 


tbe  General's  military  orders,  his  grand 
collar  and  cross  of  the  Bath.  On  the  seat 
lie  his  own  sword  of  service  and  other 
accoutrements  worn  in  fight.  Facing  the 
chur  is  the  silver  testimonial  presented  to 
him  by  the  civil  service  of  Sciude ;  and  at 
ita  foot  are  two  swords  of  honour— one 
presented  by  the  Earl  of  EUenborough, 
the  other  by  the  officers  of  the  102nd  re- 
giment, which  he  commanded  in  a  littoral 
expedition  against  the  Americans.  Last, 
and  most  esteemed  of  all,  is  placed,  close 
beside  him,  a  sword  of  honour  presented 
by  the  Belooch  Sirdars,  his  desperate 
enemies  in  war,  but,  after  experiencing 
bis  government  in  peace,  his  fervent  ad- 
mirers and  firm  friends ;  for,  when  his 
power  was  over,  those  generous  men  gave 
bim  the  sword  as  a  testimony  that  they 
regarded  him  as  the  pacificator  and  bene- 
factor of  their  country.  Therefore  it  lies 
beside  him  in  death.  Thus  he  rests  amidst 
honours,  not  accorded  by  factious  power, 
but  won,  in  war  by  a  prompt  genius  and 
strong  arm,  in  peace  by  a  wise  head  and 
gentle  heart.*' 

His  body  was  interred  in  the  burial- 
ground  of  the  garrison  chapel  at  Land- 
port  near  Portsmouth,  in  the  presence  of 
Setween  2500  and  3000  members  of  the 
army,  and  an  immense  concourse  of  spec- 
tators. The  military  and  naval  authori- 
ties, the  corporation  of  Portsmouth,  and 
the  freemasons,  strove  to  render  every 
honour  to  the  deceased.  There  were  four 
carriages  of  mourners,  containing,  1.  the 
ladies  of  the  family  ;  2.  his  brother 
Richard  Napier,  esq.  Lieut.-Col.  W.  C. 
Napier,  Major  M'Murdo,  and  J.  Napier, 
esq. ;  3.  C.  Napier,  esq.  Mr.  Alcock,  Mr. 
J.  Alcock,  and  Yice-Adm.  Sir  Charles 
Napier;  4.  the  Earl  of  EUenborough,  Vis- 
count Hardinge,  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  W.  Na- 
pier* and  Colonel  Kennedy.  The  pall- 
bearers were,  Rear-Adm.  the  Hon.  H.  D. 
Byng,  Major  Truvers  (the  only  survivor 
of  Napier's  messmates  in  Spain),  General 
Hunter,  W.  Grant,  esq.  Sir  Colin  Camp- 
bell, and  Major-General  Simpson,  the 
Commandant  of  the  Town.  As  soon  as 
the  service  was  concluded.  Sir  W.  Napier, 
standing  by  the  side  of  the  gra?e,  turned 
round  to  the  soldiers,  who  formed  three 
sides  of  a  square  around  it,  and  said, — 
**  Soldiers  I  There  lies  one  of  the  best 
men — the  best  soldiers — the  best  Chris- 
tians— that  ever  lived  1  He  served  you 
faithfully  and  you  served  him  faithfully. 
God  is  just.'*  Tbe  gallant  officer  could 
proceed  no  further.  He  hod  evidently 
intended  to  speak  something  at  greater 
length,  but  was  unable  to  command  his 
words,  and  slowly  and  sadly  the  group 
around  the  grave  broke  up,  and  the  mili- 
tary filed  away. 


Sir  Charles  Napier  was  nominated  a 
Companion  of  the  Bath  in  1815,  a  Knight 
Commander  in  1838,  and  a  Knight  Grand 
Cross  in  lB-13. 

He  was  twice  married  :  first,  in  1827, 
to  Elisabeth,  daughter  of  John  Oakley, 
esq.  of  Deal,  she  died  on  the  31st  July, 
1833 ;  secondly,  in  1835,  to  Frances, 
daughter  of  William  Philipps,  esq.  of 
Court  Henry,  co.  Carmarthen,  and  widow 
of  Capt.  Richard  Alcock,  R.N.  He  bad 
issue  only  by  his-  first  marriage,  two 
daughters:  Susan,  married  in  1844  to 
Miyor  William  Montagu  Scott  M'Mardo, 
Capt.  78th  Foot ;  and  Emily,  married  to 
her  cousin  Major  William  Craig  Napier, 
Capt  25th  Foot,  younger  son  of  Lt.-OeB. 
Sir  George  Thomas  Napier,  K.C.B. 

An  excellent  portrait  of  Sir  C.  J.  Na- 
pier, photographed  by  W.  E.  Kilbom  on 
the  24th  March,  1849,  has  been  engraved 
in  line  by  Mr.  Joseph  Skelton. 

Libut.-Gen.  Sir  N.  Douolas,  K.C.B. 

Sept.  I.  At  Brussels,  in  his  74th  year, 
Lieut.- General  Sir  Neil  Donglu,  K.C.B. 
K.C.H.,  K.T.M.  and  K.StW.,  Colonel  of 
her  Majesty *s  7Bth  Highlanders. 

Sir  Neil  Douglas  was  a  native  of  the 
city  of  Glasgow,  being  the  fifth  son  of 
John  Douglas,  esq.  of  that  city,  and  was 
descended  from  Uie  old  Earls  of  Angos, 
through  the  Douglases  of  Cmxton  and 
Stobbs. 

This  distinguished  officer  entered  the 
array  in  1801.  He  became  First  Ueute- 
iiant  in  the  95th  Foot  Dec.  2,  1803,  and 
Captain  in  the  79th  AprU  19,  1804.  He 
served  with  the  7.0th  at  the  siege  of  Copen- 
hagen, in  1807 ;  with  the  expedition  to 
Sweden,  in  1808  ;  and  subsequently  in 
Portugal  and  Spain,  including  the  battle 
of  Corunna  ;  the  expedition  to  Walcheren 
and  siege  of  Flushing,  in  1809 ;  the  Pe- 
ninsular campaigns  from  Dec.  1809  to 
Jan.  1811,  and  again  from  April  1813  to 
the  end  of  that  war  in  1814,  including  the 
defence  of  Cadiz  and  battle  of  Busaco, 
where  he  was  wounded  through  the  left 
shoulder-joint  by  a  ball  and  by  another  in 
the  left  arm  ;  the  battles  of  the  Pyrenees, 
Nivelle,  Nive,  and  Toulouse.  He  served 
also  in  the  campaign  of  1815,  and  was 
severely  wounded  through  the  right  knee 
by  a  ball,  and  contused  from  a  ball  hitting 
a  button  at  Quatre  Bras.  He  received  a 
cross  for  the  battles  of  the  Pyrenees,  Ni- 
velle, Nive,  and  Toulouse  :  was  nomi- 
nated a  Companion  of  the  Bath  in  1815, 
and  a  Knight  Commander  in  1837.  He  re- 
ceived the  grade  of  a  Knight  bachelor,  with 
that  of  Knight  Commander  of  the  Hano- 
verian Guelphic  order,  from  King  William 
IV.  in  1831  ;  and  on  the  7th  Nov.  in  the 
same  year  the  royal  licence  was  granted  to 


1853.]         Lad>i  Salens.  W.  W.  Pe»dnrres,  Efq.  M.P. 

him  to  acctpt  aoi)  w«ar  tbe  iuBigaia  of  a  E.  W.  W.  Penuarveb,  Esq.  M.P. 

Knjght  af  the  Impertul  AiutriaD  order  ur  Jun*  2G. 

MuJB  Tberen  inu  of  the  Iai|ietial  Raa-  borne,  EdwnrJ  William  Wynne  Penilaries, 

sian  order  of  SI.  Wladimir  of  llie  fourth  eiq.  M.A,,  M.P.  for  W«tt  Cornwall, 

clau,  whicb  had  been  conferred  upon  hitn  Mr.   I'endarvei    ww    [lie    lecond    buE 

in  reeajtnilion  of  bii  aerTices  in  the  Nc-  rldett   inriiTing  sod  of  Jobo  Stickhome, 

thwlandi  in    the   jiear   1915.      For  hia  e«).  bf  Saaonno,  onlj  child  and  heireiauf 

wounds  rcceiTcd  at  Buiaca  and  Waterloo  Edward  Actoa,esq.o(AcIODScot,inSbrap- 

he  enjof  ed  a  pensian  of  300'.  He  vsa  nlso  ahiie.     Hi)  father  ma  the  aecond  son  of 

Aide-de-Catnp  to  King  Ocorge  IV.  and  the  Kev.  William  Sbickhouae,  D.D.  Rec- 

King  William  IV.     He  attained  ilie  rank  tor  of  SL  Erme,  in  Carawall,*  bf  Catha- 

of  M^or-Gepen!  in   1837.  and  that  of  rine,  d&ughleruid  etentDallj  sole  heir  of 

Lieut. -General   in    1U4G.      After   baring  John  WiUiami,  eaig.,  ofTrebfrDe,  b;  Ci- 

coiumanded     the    7Stb    Uigblandurs    aa  thuine,  daughter  of  John  Courtenay,  eaq. 

LieuL-Colonul  for  twenty-two  jeara,  lie  (ion   of  Reskimer  Cunrtegay,  of  Proboa, 

was  appointed  to   the  Colonelcy  of  the  and  grandion  of  Peter  Courtenay,  of  Lan- 


n  July,  184f>,  and  remoied 
command  of  the  78th  in  tSil. 

He  married  in  IBIS  the  daughter  of 
Geo.  Robertaoo,  eiq.  banker,  of  Greenock, 

Ladv  Sale. 

July  C.  At  Cape  Town,  where  abe  had 
arrived  only  a  few  daya  before  from  India, 
In  tending  to  recruit  her  health,  Plorcntis, 
widow  of  Major.General  Sir  Robert  Sale, 
G.C.B. 

She  wax  the  daughter  of  Robert  Wynch, 
eaq.  and  waa  married  in  )B09.  Her  hus- 
band died  in  1845.  Speakiug  of  ber  the 
United  Service  Gazette  aaja : — "In  the 
fnture  annali  of  Ilie  women  of  Eoglaud, 
Lwlj  Sale  wilt  hold  a  bigb  place  aa  the 
aoldjer's  wife  par  ejurtttence.  She  poa- 
leaaed  all  the  heroic  qualities  anitcd  to  her 
potitjon.  Warmly  attached  to  her  hus- 
band, ahe  was  bis  companion  and  friend 
throughout  a  lifa  of  military  lidaaitude, 
aympathiaing  with  and  alleviating  the  suf- 
ferings of  Uie  often-wounded  Sule,  and 
ghirying  in  his  snccesse>  and  advancement. 
Though  not  a  highly-aceonnplisbcd  or  even 
■  well-educated  woman, >be  had  quick  per- 
ceptioiu  and* strong  mind,  readily  adapt. 
ing  herself  to  her  position  as  her  hasband 
advanced  in  rank  and  consequence.  The 
journal  which  she  kept  of  the  nofortu- 
aate  occurrence  at  Cnbul,  and  of  the  tub- 
Sequent  treatment  which  she  and  her  fel- 
low-CBplivea  experienced  at  the  hands  of 
Mahomed  Akbar  Khan,  sufficiently  de- 
monstrated the  masculine  quality  of  ber 
understand! Dg,  and  the  Grmooa  of  ber 
heart.     In  tbe   13th  Light  Infantry,  in 

which  Sale  rose,  and  of     ' ' 

the  Colonel,  she  wsa  much  respected, 
many  officers  and  men  lo  this  boar  re- 
member her  unvarying  kindneas.  Since 
her  return  lo  India,  after  paying  ■  viwi  to 
this  country  on  her  release  from  captivity. 
Lady  Sale  resided  an  the  hills  in  a  ttate  of 
comfort,  her  Majeaty  having  granUd  her 
a  penaioa  of  SOU/,  i  year,  as  a  mark  of 
her  spprobatioD  of  her  own  and  her  gal- 
lant husband's  coadact." 

Oknt.  Mau.  Vol.  XL, 


Ike),    by 
Richard   Pendarvos 
who  died  in  IG74. 


which  he  died     active  part 
I  respected,  and     mentary   reJ 


,   esq.  of  Pendarrea, 
The  eslato  of  Pen- 
Mr.  John  Slackhouau 
(the   father   of  the   gentleman 
ceased)   by  Mrri.  Perceval,    the 
Bister  of  Sir  William  Peudarvea, 

Through  his  mother  also  he  became 
heir  and  representative  of  other  familioiii 
Her  mother  waa  (be  daughti 
tually  sale  heir  of  William  Gregory,  esq. 
of  Woolhojic,  in  Herefordshire,  by  Su- 
Sanaa,  eldest  daughter  and  eobeir  of  Wil- 
liam Brydgei,  esq.  aeijeant-at-law,  and 
aiiter  to  Grace  Brydgcs,  who  married 
William  Wynne,  esq.  serjeant-at-law-  Tlu: 
Rev.  LnttreU  Wynne,  D.D.  the  son  of  th. 
setjeaat,  dying  unmarried  in  1^14,  left 
hiswiltdatedAag.  lT,tSOa,hii 
Cornwall,  and  all  bis  other  eila 
couiin  Edward  William  SUckhouse. 
of  Pendarves  :  who  on  tbe  1th  Jan. 
by  royal  sign  manual,  assumed  the 
tional  name  of  Wynm 
Feb.  in  the  same  year  he  took  the  name  of 
Peudarvea  in  place  of  that  of  Slackbonae. 
His  younger  brother,  Thomas  Pendarves 
Stackhoute,  esq.  on  the  decease  of  hii 
mother  in  IB34,  inheriting  the  estates  of 
Acton  Scot,  CO.  Salop,  and  How  Capei,  co. 
Hereford,  assumed  tbe  surname  of  Acton. 

Mr.  Pendarres  was  educated  at  Harrow 
and  at  Oiford,  where  he  was  li rat  a  member 
of  Trinity  college,  and  aflerwarda  a  Fellow 
of  All  Souls',  and  graduated  B.A.  1797, 
M.A.  1801.  He  occupied  for  aome  year* 
Ihe  office  of  Sub- Warden  of  All  Souls. 

From  a  very  early  period  he   K 
agitation  for 
itary    reform.       He    presided   ovefM 
county  meeting  held   at  Bodmin  o 
Hth  July,  Ul  I ,  iu  aupiiort  of  the  ri 

'  Dr.  Slackhouse   waa    brother 
Rev.  Thomas  Slackhouae,  Vkar  o 
ham  in   Berkshire,   author  of  the  « 
knowu  •'  History  of  the  Bible."  Iir»t  pi 
liahrd  in  1733,  tn  two  vcdumea  folio,  i 
of  TariotiB  other  works. 


'en- 

M 


ihe 
of  the 
eft  by  ^^^1 


418 


Obituary.— (rtfor^tf  Lyally  E$q. 


[Oct. 


tioiif  that  had  been  pafted  in  furtherance 
of  thii  object  at  a  meeting  then  recently 
hdd  at  Freemason's  Hall.  Daring  the 
continuance  of  the  struggle,  so  often  as  a 
Liberal  Sheriff  would  concede  a  county 
meeting,  it  was  the  office  of  Mr.  Pendanres 
to  preside,  and  at  other  times  he  was  always 
one  of  those  who,  as  a  magistrate,  enabled 
the  people  to  give  expression  to  their 
opinions  in  a  legal  form.  Such  was  his 
infloence  in  Cornwall  at  the  time  of  the 
death  of  Sir  William  Lei&on  in  Dec.  1824, 
tiiat  the  popular  voice  at  once  fixed  upon 
him  as  the  person  best  fitted,  both  from 
his  position  and  fortune  as  from  the  true 
honesty  of  his  character  and  soundness  of 
hb  judgment,  to  take  the  place  of  county 
member.  His  more  immediate  friends, 
however,  determined  to  defer  the  struggle 
to  the  approaching  general  election,  and, 
allbough  he  was  proposed  by  Mr.  John 
Penhallow  Peters  on  the  part  of  the 
yeomanry,  he  felt  bound  not  to  proceed  to 
tlie  poll,  and  his  competitor  Sir  Richard 
Rawlinson  Vyvyan  was  returned. 

When  the  general  election  arrived  in  the 
ibOowing  June,  Mr.  Pendarves  was  pro- 
pooed  by  Mr.  William  Peter,  and  seconded 
by  Mr.  William  Rashleigh  of  Menabilly. 
It  was  the  intention  of  his  friends  to  an- 
■eat  Sir  R.  R.  Vyvyan,  and  not  to  disturb 
tlie  seat  of  the  other  member  Mr.  Tre- 
mayne ;  but  the  latter  did  not  choose  to 
ftand  a  contest,  and  Mr.  Pendarves  was 
elected,  together  with  Sir  R.  R.  Vyvysn. 
This  arrangement  was  continued  in  1830 ; 
bnt  in  1831,  at  the  height  of  the  Reform 
agitation,  another  great  contest  took  place. 
Sir  Charles  Lemon,  a  second  Reformer, 
was  proposed;  and  Mr.  Pendarves  was 
placed  at  the  head  of  the  poll,  the  result 
bdng  as  follows : — 

E.  W.  W.  Pendarves.  esq.  1819 
Sir  Charles  Lemon,  Bart.  1804 
Sir  R.  R.  Vyvyan,  Bart.  901 
Lord  Valletort  .        611 

After  the  enactment  of  Reform  Mr.  Pen- 
darves was  chosen  for  the  Western  division 
of  the  county,  together  with  Sir  Charles 
Lemon,  and  he  has  been  re-elected  at  the 
■nbsequent  elections  of  1835,  1837,  1841, 
1847,  and  1853,  on  every  occasion  with- 
out opposition.  Until  the  failure  of  his 
health  a  few  months  ago,  be  was  ever 
assiduous  in  his  duties,  and  in  the  whole 
of  his  long  career  he  secured  the  friendship 
and  respect  of  his  colleagues  in  parlia- 
jnent,  eyen  of  those  from  whom  he  differed 
most  widely.  He  supported  the  repeal  of 
the  Com  Laws  in  1846,  though  he  had 
formerly  voted  for  their  continuance.  He 
was  appointed  a  Special  Deputy  Warden  of 
the  Stannaries  in  1852. 

Mr.  Pendarves  married,  July  5,  1804, 
l^yphena,  third  daughteri  and  now  sole 


tarviving  heiress,  of  the  Rev.  BrowBe 
Trist,  of  Bowdon  in  Devonshire.  Having 
had  no  issue  by  that  lady,  who  survives 
him, 'he  has  left  his  property  to  his  grert- 
nephew,  William  Cole  Wood,  who  ia  the 
grandson  of  his  eldest  sister  Mrs.  Barnard 
Coleman. 


Gborgb  Ltall,  Esa. 

Sept,  1.  At  Park*crescent,  Regent*c- 
park,  Gieorge  Lyall,  esq.  formerly  M.P. 
for  the  city  of  London,  and  for  many  years 
a  Director  of  the  East  India  Company. 

Mr.  Lyairs  father  was  an  extensive 
merchant  and  shipowner  in  London,  and 
on  his  death  in  1 8U5  was  succeeded  in  the 
same  career  by  his  eldest  son,  the  subject 
of  the  present  notice.  He  directed  his  at- 
tention chiefly  to  the  interests  of  shippings 
and  was  elected  chairman  of  the  Ship- 
owners' Society,  an  office  which  he  held 
for  several  years,  and  in  which  he  was 
constantly  brought  into  communication 
with  Mr.  Hnskisson,  the  then  President  of 
the  Board  of  Trade,  and  more  especially 
on  the  subject  of  the  reciprocity  treaties 
which  were  at  that  time  negotiated  with 
the  northern  states  of  Enrope.  In  Mr. 
Lyall^  judgment  and  mercantile  know- 
ledge Mr.  Hnskisson  reposed  great  con- 
fidence. In  1830  he  was  a  candidate  for 
the  direction  of  the  East  India  Company, 
and  was  elected  by  a  considerable  ma- 
jority over  three  other  competitors.  In 
1841  he  held  the  distingnished  office  of 
Chairman  of  the  company  In  1839  Mr. 
Lyall  was  the  Conservative  candidate  for 
the  city  at  the  first  election  after  the  pass- 
ing of  the  Reform  Bill,  on  which  occasion 
he  was  defeated.  On  the  death  of  Alder- 
man Waithman  in  1 833  Mr.  Lyall  again 
came  forward  and  was  opposed  by  Alder- 
man Venables,  but  gained  his  election  by 
a  majority  of  5569  to  4527.  While  in 
Parliament  he  brought  forward  and  car- 
ried the  Merchant  Seamen's  Bill,  which 
proved  a  great  boon  to  the  class  whose 
cau»  he  advocated.  The  government  of 
the  day,  st  the  head  of  which  was  Earl 
Grey,  at  first  opposed,  but  afterwards  as- 
sented to  the  measure,  and  Mr.  Lyall  had 
the  gratification  of  seeing  his  meritorious 
exertions  crowned  with  success. 

At  the  general  election  of  1835  Mr. 
Lyall  was  defeated,  four  Liberals  being 
returned  for  the  city.  In  1837  he  waa 
not  a  candidate;  but  in  1841  he  was  again 
chosen  together  with  Mr.  Masterman,  to 
the  exclusion  of  Mr.  Pattison  and  Mr. 
Crawford  two  of  the  former  members.  At 
the  dissolution  of  1847  he  retired  from 
Parliament 

Mr.  Lyall's  unobtrusive  habits  and  diffi- 
dence in  himself  might  have  appeared  al- 
most to  unfit  him  for  public  liife  and  the 


L8fi8.]    John  Mortloek  Lacon,  Biij.—Rev.  P.  W.  RobtrUon. 


wu  Biore  unifarnil)!  Bcliulal  b;  bigb 
principle.  Tbeee  qualities,  cambincd  with 
great  Biuritj  of  mumer  and  geuUi'ueu  of  Wilifatm. 
ilii|)OBitioD,  attracted  uotuuil  aonlidciicei 
and  few  meo  hare  been  luore  gencrall]' 
reepecWd  in  tbe  iphfre  of  iheir  influeDee, 
or  mare  belavecl  by  ihoK  *lio  btd  the 
bappineu  of  bit  friendaliip. 


419 

hoapitible,  affable,  kind,  and  getMnrai, 
he  will  be  long  effectionatelr  mDembend 
bj  his  f«mil]r  and  Dnmeroiu  friendt.  Hia 
remuas  were  interred  in  the  ramilj  vaalt 
lb«  cburcli  of  St.   Lawrence.   Sonth 


Rtv.  F.  W.  RoBiaT»OK,  M.A. 
Auf.M.  At  Brighton,  Bs«d  3;.  the  Rer. 
Frederick  William  RDberleoii,  M.A.  In- 
cambent  of  Trinity  Cbapal  in  that  town. 
He  waa  Ibe  eldest  wn  of  Capt.  Pnderiek 
RobertHin,  of  tbe  Rof  al  ArtUIerf .  and  was 
born  in  London,  at  ibe  bauH  of  hi*  gtand- 
fatber  Col.  [Isberttaa,authe3d  Feb.  1H16. 
Ha  wi*  tbe  eldat  of  four  brolheri ;  two 
of  wham  hnld  commiitioiu  in  the  arm)'. 
Major  Charle*  Doesbury  Robertaon  lened 
with  the  Rojal  Enciueen  at  Che  Cap«  of 
Good  Hope,  where  he  greatlj  dittingniifaed 
bimaelf  throngboat  Ibe  war  in  Katfraria, 
and  he  baa  lately  been  pramotcd  to  tbe 
brevet  rank  of  Major.  Another,  Captain 
HobertMD,  of  the  both    Rifles,  was  b19« 

Bart.,  H.P.  fof  that     engaged  in  the  Kaffir  war.    The  fourth, 
life  lie   entered  the      Struan  E.  Robertson,  esq.  is  a  Captain  ia 

a  Captain  in  the  7:lU     the  Royal  Sonth  Lincolnibire  Militia. 

The  ReT.  Mr.  Robertwn  wia  educated 
partly  ■!  Uererley  and  in  Prance,  and  at  the 
age  of  lii  woapioced  al  tbe  New  Academy 
in  Edinburgh,  under  Ibe  prewnt  Arehdec- 
coH  Williinu.  He  also  atlinded  tbe  pbi> 
loBaphicalleclBret,Mr.Tcrrat,nowBiaho}> 
of  Edinburgh,  acting  aahiiprirats  tutor.  At 


K  Lacoh,  Ehu. 

Avg.  iT.  At  bit  reaideuea  in  Great 
Yirmouib,  agwl  G5,  John  Mortloek  Lacon, 
eta.,  B  DepDty-Lieuteniml  of  Narfalk. 

He  was  the  eldest  son  of  S,r  Edmand 
Lacon,  Knt.  and  BarL.  by  hi*  second 
marriage  with  Sarah,  dnuthtFr  of  John 
Mortloek,  esq.,  of  Cambridge,  lie  wdi, 
Ihererore,  holf-brDtber  of  tbe  lata  Sir 
Edmund  Knowlea  Lacon,  Bart.  M.P.  for 
Great  Yarmonlb.  and  unels  to  the  preaent 

SirE.H,  K.Laeoi    " .      -   - 

boroagb.     Early  i 

army,  and  eeiied  1 

Higldaaden )  but  he  quitted  the  profet- 

lion  of  arini  on  hia  matriag*  with  Jane, 

on*  of  the  (»□  siater*  and  erentnally  eo- 

bciruies    of   Willi*  u   Stirling   Orabam, 

Hq.  of  DunlruD*.* 

Of  tbia  marriage  there  were  ione  aeien 
Moa :  1.  Jobn-Edawnd,  at  pnaent  col- 
lector of  Her  Majeity's  Castoma  at  Polk-  inai  penoa  it  woa  mienoea  in< 
alone,  who  married  a  siater  of  IJeut-Col.  derate  himself  to  tbe  law  as  ■ 
Ehewel,  of  tbe  Sib  Huiarit  8.  Henry,  and  subsequently  by  tbe  dssi 
R.N.,  died  yonng  in  tbe  West  India*  ;  3.  William  IV,  be  wea  placed  01 
William -Snriiag  I  4.  Morlloek;  5,  Gra-  muider  in  Cbiefs  list  for  acoi 
bam,  M.D.,  in  tbe  tertice  of  the  Eail  tbe  army.  Prom  tbe  delay  whi 
India  (Company  ;  6,  Charles  -,  7.  Pranoii,  in  the  reiltutiou  o(  tbia 
R.N.,  who  died  yosng  in  the  West  Indies  t 
and  four  daughters,  1.  Amelia- Grab  am, 
Biarried  to  Charle*  John  Palmer,  eaii., 
F.8.A.1  2.  Jaoe,  unmarried:  3.  ClenKn- 
iiDa,  iBonied  to  Captain  Spankie,  eldwt 
■»B  of  tbe  late  Se^Caat  Spankte,  H.P.  for 
tbe  Tower  Haailet*  ;  4.  Harriott- Ellen. 
married  to  Csptaiu  P.  M.  U.  Ommaaney. 
of  Ibe  Royal  Artaier>'. 

Ur.  Lacon,  who  bad  ' 
(antly  from  gout,  but 


I*  Eaglish  gaitleman  of  tbe  old  ■cbnol  i 


hedi< 

reeled  hia  riews  to  the  cbnrch,  by  tbe  ad- 

Tiea  of  the  preaeot  fii^op  of  Caabet.    He 

aeaordingly  matriatiated  at  BraicDoie  oo(- 

lega,  Oxford,  aad.  tboogh  only  fdar  day* 

after  this  step  bad  been  taken,  be  reoehed 

nu  appointment  to  lb*  aecood  regiment  of 

Dragoon  Onuda,  hia  fattaer,  in  a  spirit  of 

traalful  pidy,  regarded  the  drcumMouce 

of  hia  matnealatioa  banng  preceded  thia 

ing  nSered  oe-     oommaaioation  oa  tbe  leading  of  Che  hsad 

led  anditenly  of     of  God.  and,  notaitbitaading  tliat  bia  son 

plciuiag  type  of     hod  ititl  a  longing  for  Ibe  army,  be  re- 


*  Mr.  Graham  wu  the  reprcMntatiie 
atthaarahamaofClaierliaoae;  andnwny 
of  tha  family  papers  and  relics  of  *'  Che  a  curacy 
Groat  Dnudce  "  are  now  Id  the  poaoeaeion  wbich  h 
uf  Mi«  Stilling  Grahaoi  at  Unatrune,  Iweke  i 
inelodingOBc  of  Ibe  t«o  pt*tola  used  by  beallh,  r 
CUverbonoe  at  the  battle  of  Killiecrankie.  married, 
Tbe    otbar  pistol  wo*   preiealad 


^d  Cbal  be  al 
.,t  tbe  Cbnrch  o(  England.  He  graduated 
B.A.  IMI,  M.A.  1814;  and  was  ordained 
by  Dr.  Somner,  Birinp  of  Wincbester,  %a 


I   tbe  city    of  \ 

performed  the  doty  far  about 
inchs.  and  then,  from  declioiag 
saired  to  3«iUer1sad.  wbera  ba 
(  Genera,  Helen,  third  danghter 
!oiiB  William  Denys,   Bart,  ot 


420         JffufUer  Lane,  M J).— Hugh  Edwin  Strickland,  Esq.     [Oct. 


After  returning  to  England,  Mr.  Robert- 
ton  officiated  for  foar  years  as  curate  to 
the  Rev.  A.  Boyd  at  Christ  church,  Chel- 
tenham. He  was  afterwards  curate  at  St. 
Ebb*8  in  Oxford,  whence  he  removed  to 
Trinity  chapel,  Brighton,  in  August  1847. 
He  there  became  one  of  the  most  popular 
preachers  in  the  town,  being  gifted  with  a 
ready  eloquence,  for  the  support  of  which 
he  usually  carried  only  a  few  notes  into 
the  pulpit.  His  theological  opinions  were 
free  from  the  trammels  of  any  particular 
section  of  the  church  ;  but  his  discourses 
were  distinguished  by  the  liberality  of  his 
sentiments  as  well  as  the  poetical  beauty 
of  his  thoughts.  He  was  also  a  favourite 
lecturer,  and  when  a  few  months  ago  he 
lectured  in  the  Town  Hall  on  the  poetry 
of  Tennyson  and  Wordsworth,  the  building 
waa  crowded  in  every  quarter. 

Mr.  Robertson  was  chaplain  last  year  to 
Philip  Salamons,  esq.  of  Brighton,  then 
High  Sheriff  of  Sussex.  His  wife  survives 
him,  with  one  son,  Charles  Boyd  Robertson, 
now  eleven  years  of  age,  and  a  daughter  of 
three  or  four. 

His  body  was  interred  in  the  New  Ce< 
metery  at  Brighton.  The  service  was  per- 
formed by  the  Rev.  J.  S.  M.  Anderson ; 
and  among  the  mourners,  besides  his  son, 
his  father,  and  his  brother  Mr.  Struan  Ro> 
bertson,  were  Sir  George  Denys  and  Mr. 
Felix  Eager  the  father  and  uncle  of  Mrs. 
Robertson,  Lawrence  Peel,  esq.  Archdea- 
con Williams  (of  St.  David* s).  The  hearse 
was  preceded  by  the  committee  and  mem- 
bers of  the  local  Mechanics'  Institution 
and  the  Athenaeum,  the  Odd  Fellows,  and 
wardens  and  members  of  the  congregation 
of  Trinity  chapel ;  at  the  cemetery  the 
hearse  was  met  by  a  body  of  the  Brighton 
clergy. 

A  portrait  of  Mr.  Robertson,  recently 
taken  by  Mr.  Charles  J.  Baz^be,  is  about 
to  be  published  by  Mr.  Mason,  printseller, 
of  Brighton. 

Hunter  Lane,  M.D. 
Lately,  At  Brighton,  Hunter  Lane,  M.D. 
F.L.S.  of  Brook-street,  Grosvenor-square, 
and  formerly  of  Liverpool.  Dr.  Lane  was 
admitted  a  licentiate  of  the  Royal  College 
of  Surgeons  of  Edinburgh  in  1BS9,  and 
graduated  M.D.  in  the  university  of  the 
same  city  in  1830.  During  the  years 
1831-32  he  held  the  office  of  honorary 
physician  to  the  Cholera  Hospital,  Liver- 
pool ;  in  1833,  that  of  physician  to  the 
Lock  Hospital  of  the  Liverpool  Infirmary; 
and  in  1840  was  appointed  senior  phy- 
sician to  the  Lancaster  Infirmary.  He 
was  for  some  time  president  of  the  Royal 
Medical  Society  of  Edinburgh.  He  was 
the  author  of  A  Compendium  of  Materia 
Medica ;  Epitome  of  Practical  Toxicology ; 


editor  of  the  Liverpool  Medical  Gaxette, 
the  Monthly  Archives  of  the  Medical 
Sciences,  and  Tiedman's  Physiology  of 
Man,  translated  from  the  (jerman ;  and 
likewise  contributed  numerous  paperi  on 
various  subjects  to  the  Medical  Gasctte, 
Lancet,  and  Medical  Times. 

Dr.  Lane  was  a  kind  and  philanthropic 
friend,  and  his  early  loss  is  deeply  and 
widely  lamented. 

Hugh  Edwin  Strickland,  Esq. 

Sept,  . . .  Suddenly,  by  being  nin  over 
by  a  railway  train,  Hugh  Edwin  Strick- 
land, esq.  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  Deputy  Reader  in 
Geology  in  the  University  of  Oxford. 

This  gentleman  was  born  at  Righton, 
in  the  East  Riding  of  Yorkshire,  on  the 
2nd  of  March,  1811.  His  father,  Mr. 
Henry  Eustatins  Strickland,  of  Apperley, 
in  Gloucestershire,  was  a  son  of  the  Ute 
Sir  George  Strickland,  Bart,  of  Boynton, 
in  Yorkshire.  He  was  a  grandson  on  his 
mother's  side  of  the  celebrated  Dr. 
Edmund  Cartwright,  whoae  name  is  so 
indissolubly  connected  with  the  manu- 
facturing greatness  of  England  on  account 
of  his  invention  of  the  Power-loom. 

Mr.  Strickland's  boyhood  was  spent 
under  his  father*s  roof,  where  he  was 
under  the  private  tutelage  successirely  of 
the  three  brothers  Monkhouse,  one  of 
whom  is  now  a  Fellow  of  Queen's  Col- 
lege, Oxford.  From  his  father's  hoaae 
he  was  transferred  to  the  late  Dr.  Arnold, 
who,  prior  to  his  appointment  at  Rugby, 
took  private  pupils  at  Laleham,  near 
Staines.  He  finished  his  education  at 
Oriel  College,  Oxford,  and  graduated  B.A. 
1832,  M.A.  1835. 

Although  distinguished  for  his  classical 
knowledge,  Mr.  Strickland  had  eariy 
acquired  a  taste  for  natural  history  pur- 
suits ;  and  after  the  completion  of  his 
studies  at  college  he  resided  with  his 
family  at  Cracourt  House,  near  Evesham, 
Worcestershire,  where  he  studied  minutely 
the  geology  of  the  Cotswolds  and  the 
Great  Valley  of  the  Severn.  Some  of  his 
earliest  published  papers  were  on  Geology ; 
but  his  first  effort  as  an  author  indicated 
a  taste  for  the  pursuits  of  his  maternal 
grandfather.  It  appeared  in  the  Mechanica' 
Magazine  for  18^5,  and  waa  on  the  con- 
struction of  a  new  wind-gauge. 

In  1835  Mr.  Strickland  travelled  in 
Asia  Minor,  in  company  with  Mr.  W.  J. 
Hamilton,  M.P.  who  was  then  Secretary 
to  the  Geological  Society.  An  account  of 
this  journey  was  published,  in  two  volumes 
8vo.  by  Mr.  Hamilton,  in  1842,  under  the 
title  of  Researches  in  Asia  Minor,  Pontns, 
and  Armenia.  This  tour  resulted  also  in 
the  pubUcation  of  several  interesting  papers 
on  the  geology  of  the  districts  visited, 


issa.j 


Obituakv. — Hi 


both  bj  Mr.  Strickland  himielf  aad  coa- 
jointlr   with   Mr.   Hsmilton.    Tbc  prm- 
cipil  p*|>en  pMiliibed  b;  Mr.  Strickland 
iingly  were— On  the  Geology  of  tbeThre- 
cian   Bogphorui,  On  Che  GcoWf  at  tbc 
Neighbaurhood  of  Smjrai,  and  On  (he 
Geologjr  of  the  liUnd  of  Ziate.     Dnriog 
thii  jouroej  be  gave  pnjuf  of  hia  or 
logioil  knovleilga  by  adding  to  the 
birda    inhabiliag    Europe    the   Sal 
""     '"  "  .  iabse4}Qfliit]y  deT< 


large  ihare  or  hit 

birds,  ai  fall  papera  in  the  Aniu._  ... . 
Miguine  of  Natural  History,  *Dit  in  Sir 
William  Jardloe't  Contributioni  to  Orei- 
Ibologj  amply  testify.  His  principal  vork, 
bowever.  on  this  subjCL-t,  and  the  one 
wbich  will  give  bim  a  plica  amaiigit  the 
ciaaaical  writers  oa  tbe  ornithology  of  this 
country,  is  detuted  to  the  hiitory  of  the 
Dodo.  Thia  work  wai  publiihed  in  \US, 
with  tlie  title  "  The  Dodo  and  its  Kindred  ; 
or,  the  History  and  AflSnitlei  of  tbe  Dodo, 
Solitaire,  and  other  Eitinct  Birds."  It 
<*aa  bandsoniely  illuitraled  ;  and  was  an 
eianiple  of  how  the  difficult  subject  of  the 
affinities  of  extinct  animals  should  be  dealt 


Hud  him  at  varloua  timea  pubtialuog  on 

this  Bubjeot.    In  an  early  number  of  the 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Nnlural  History, 

he  inserted  a  paper  On  tbe  true  Mitbod 

of   discovering    the    NstBTal   System   iu 

he      Znology   and    Botany,   it)   wbich   he  dis- 

og      played  a  great  knowledge  of  the  forms  of 

ID-      auimal  and  Tegttable  life.     In  the  Reports 

of     of  the  British  Aaaooiatioo   for   1843  he 

■is      published  a  paper  On  the  Natnral  Affiai- 

-      ''-■-   of  the   Iniessorial   Order   -'   "■-^- 


with.     Mr.  Strickland  wsa  aided  in  the     labour  here  w; 


idy  of  and  again,  in  tbe  Magazine  of  Natural 
a  and  History,  *ol.  il.  Obserratious  on  the  Affi- 
nities and  Analogies  of  Organised  Beingt. 
It  must  be  obTious  that  the  lnhonrg  to 
which  we  have  alluded  imply  an  immense 
amount  of  industry,  but  in  the  midst  of 
all  bis  practical  inreitigationa  Mr.  Strick- 
land found  time  for  purely  literary  work. 
Thus,  in  1847,  he  aoderlook  to  (dit  for 
the  Ray  Society  a  work,  tbe  collection  of 
materials  for  which  hnd  ci)6t  Prof.  Agsssil 
many  years  of  labour,  entitled  Biblio- 
grapbia  ZoologiK  et  Geologic  Tbrvo 
(olumea  of  thia  greot  work  are  pnbli-beil. 
and  the  fouitb  and  last  is  now  in  the 
indi  of  tbe   printer.     Mr.  Strickland's 


iteological  portion  by  Ur.  Melvillt 
the  appearance  of  this  nork,  he  hai  twice 
published  supple mentary  notices  regarding 
the  Dodo  and  ita  kindred,  <□  tbe  Annals 
and  Magaiine  of  Natural  History.  One 
of  Mr.  Strickland's  Issl  contributioni  to 
BcienoB  was  on  the  subject  of  ornithology, 
when,  in  tbe  Seetion  of  Natural  History, 
the  day  before  hia  death,  he  gare  an 
account  of  tlic  Partridge  [Tilraogathu)  of 
tbe  great  fl-  ■  —  ■  •  ■  ■• 
illustrated  ii 


it  merely  that  of  editing, 


embraced  tbe  contribution  of  a  larg'e 
mass  of  additional  matter,  amounting  to  a 
third  or  a  fourth  of  the  whole.  He  spared 
QO  puini  to  make  this  work  complete  ; 
and  it  must  eier  be  regarded  by  the 
Eoologift  and  the  geologtat  aa  a  most  valu- 
able gift  to  the  sciences  wbich  they  cultivate. 
On  the  occnrrence  of  the  illness  of  Dr. 
Bucktand.  and  bis  withdrawal  from  the 
„    .  .         ,  duties  of  tbe  cbsir  of  Geology  at  Oxford, 

Shed  of  Inilla.  recently      every  one  felt  Uie  propriety  of  inviting  Mr. 
Gould's  Uirds  of  Asia.        Strickland  to  deliver  lectures  in  "      ' 


Altbougb  sa  B  loolugiil  ornithology  was  Thon^  young  for  so  important  a  post,  and 

Ilia  strong  point.  Mr.  Strickland  had  an  vrith  a  reputation  in  other  departments  of 

eslcDiive  knowledge  of  the  various  claaaes  acience,  he  was  found  able  to  sustain  tbc 

of  organised   bdnga.      Thus,   several   of  fame  of  hiipredeceasorin  this, andbrongbt 

his  paper*  were  devoted    to  acconats  of  to  bear  with  great  advantage  the  atores  of 

the    Mollusc*,   both     recent    and    fossil,  his  varied  knowledge  uponascience  which 

in  variant   districts.     One  of  his  papers  ia   alwayi   soiceplible    of   influence    and 

at  the  last  Meeting  of  the  British  Asso-  amplification  from  tbe  principles  of  other 

ciotionat  Hull  was  Dn  the  Peeuliarities  of  departments  of  science,  however  distant 

a  Form  of  Sponge  (^a/icAoaJriasaierM.)  from   it  they  may  at  first  sight  appear. 

Mr,  Strickland  devoted  much  attention  The  Reports   of  the  British  Association, 

to  the  terminology  of  nataral  history',  and  the  Transactions  of  the  Geological  Society, 

was  tbe  reporter  of  a  Committee  appointed  tbe  pDpera  of  the  Quarterly  Journal  of  the 

by  the  British  Aiaociation  to  coaiider  of  Geological  Society  of  Londoo,  and  of  the 

the  rulea  by  wbich  the  nomenclature  of  London  and  Edinburgh  PbilosophienI  Ma- 

loology  might  be  estabiished  on  a  uniform  gazine,  all  tcatify  to  Mr.  Strickland'!  ae- 

Bod  ipermanent  basis.    These  nilei  were  titity  as  a  geologist  They  contain  a  mata 

principally  drawn  op  by  him,  and  they  of  valuable  observations  both  on  palvOD- 

bave   lince   their   publication    been    very  ^llogy  and  on  the  pbyaical  stlnctura  of 

generally  acted  on,  and  have  contributed  rock  in  this  country  and  in  other  parta  of 

greatly  to  simplify  natural  history  nomcn-  the  world,  which  roust  for  ever  remain  a 

ciaturc.  jiart  of  the  liistory  of  the  science  of  geohify, 

Tbe  general  principles  of  closaification  and  cooslilute  a  permanent  monument  of 

could  hardly  (iH  to  interest  a  mind   so  llie  industry  and  esmestneta  of  the  u 

disctiraive  «i  bit,  and,   accordingly,   we  who  made  11 


422        Obituary— FF*ttiiii/i  6'Aaji,  Esg.—Mr.  S.  Bmmett.     [Oct. 

In  leveral  of  hit  geological  papers,  Mr.  lias  between  Oaiasborooch  end  Blvton/* 
Strickland's  name  is  connected  with  that  The  glass  and  (ace  of  his  agfd  walcb  ware 
of  Sir  R.  I.  Murchison  :— especially  in  a  broken,  and  the  bands  hnftitopped  at  99 
work  on  "The  Geology  of  Cheltenbam  minvtea  past  4,  which  was  no  donbt  tbe 
and  its  Neighbonrhood."  He  assUted  Sir  exact  time  when  the  accident  took  place. 
Roderick  in  preparing  for  the  press  his 
great  work  on  the  Silurian  system  ;  and 
the  proof-sheets  of  bis  new  work  on  Si- 
Inria  all  passed  through  Mr.  Strickland's 
bandai  the  last  of  the  work  having  been 
recentiy  corrected  at  HuUL 

At  the  time  of  hU  death,  Mr.  Strickland 
was  engaged  in  working  on  his  "  Omi« 
thological  Synonymy/' — the  nrinting  of 
which  was  delayed  only  to  render  it  more 
fall  and  complete.  He  possessed  a  very 
ample  and  useful  library,— also  extensive 
geological  and  ornithological  collections, — 
which  are  now  at  his  residence  at  Apperley 
Green,  near  Tewkesbury. 

In  1845  Mr.  Strickland  was  married  to 
the  second  daughter  of  Sir  William  Jardine, 
Bart  both  of  whom,  with  Mr.  Strickland's 
father  and  mother,  survive  to  lament  his 
prtmature  loss. 

In  the  above  brief  f^ketch  we  have 
spoken  only  of  Mr.  Stricklsnd's  scientific 
career,  but  he  had  moral  qualities  that 
endeared  him  to  all  who  knew  him.  Few 
came  in  contact  with  him  who  did  not 
recognise  in  him  a  conscientious,  amiable, 
and  excellent  man.  In  him  Oxford  has 
loot  a  Professor  whom  she  could  ill  afford 
to  part  with  at  this  time.  To  him,  they 
who  hoped  for  the  wider  culture  of  natural 
soiance  at  Oxford  looked  as  to  one  who 
had  the  power  and  the  ability  to  take  a 
lead.  The  scientific  societies  have  lost  in 
him  a  member  who  was  unwearied  in  his 
asaidnity  to  carry  out  their  objects  in  all 
their  purity.  His  means  made  him  inde- 
pendent of  his  labours,  and  all  recognised 
in  his  exertions  that  love  of  science  and 
its  objects  which  constitutes  the  true 
philosopher. 

Mr.  Strickland  had  been  present  at  Hull, 
in  company  with  his  father-in-law  Sir  W. 
Jardine,  as  Vice-  President  of  the  Geological 
Section  of  the  British  Association,  when, 
at  the  close  of  the  meeting,  he  was  in- 
duced to  visit  the  Clarbrough  cutting  on 
the  Sheffield,  Manchester,  and  Lincoln- 
shire line,  between  Retford  and  Gains- 
borough. While  makidg  a  pencil  sketch 
in  his  pocket-book  of  the  strata,  a  coal 
train  approaching  on  the  down  line  of  the 
railway  led  him  to  step  on  the  up  line 
just  at  the  moment  that  a  passenger  train 
was  emerging  from  the  tunnel  hsrd  by, — 
and  death  was  instantaneous.  His  pocket- 
book  contained  a  pencil  sketch  of  the 
strata  of  the  Clarbrough  hills,  and  a  me- 
morandum  as  follows : — '*  Waterstone,  at 
Clarbrough  cutting,  between  Retford  and 
Gainsborough  ;     also  at  Qaiaaborough ; 


William  Shaw»  Eao. 

May  5.  In  AnstralU,  William  Shaw, 
eio. 

Mr.  Shaw  was  educated  at  Wadbam 
college,  Oxford,  and  afterwards  ftodied 
for  the  bar,  but  relinqaisbed  that  profea- 
sion  to  become  a  farmer  in  WiltahirCf 
whidi  county  he  left  in  1822,  and  re- 
turned to  the  metropolis  :  there  he  became 
editor  of  the  Farmer's  Magaxine,  and  of 
the  Mark.lane  Express  newspaper;  and 
latterly  he  was  associated  with  Mr.<;nth- 
bert  Johnson  in  editing  the  Farmer'a 
Almanac.  In  1837  he  was  mainly  instra* 
mental  in  bringing  into  existence  the 
Royal  Agricultural  Society,  and  he  acted 
as  its  secretary  at  the  first  conoty  meet- 
ing in  Oxford,  in  1839.  In  the  Utter 
part  of  the  same  year  arose  the  Farmera' 
Insurance  Office,  with  Mr.  Shaw  aa  mn- 
naging  director,  at  a  salary  of  1,000/.  per 
annum.  Twiee  was  he  honoured  with  sub- 
sUntial  testimonials  as  the  advocate  of 
Proteotion  and  Tenant-right;  moreofer* 
the  electors  of  the  northern  division  of 
Hampshire  nearly  succeeded  in  makinf 
him  the  colleague  of  the  Speaker  of  tha 
Honae  of  Commona,  upon  the  death  of 
Sir  W.  Heathcote  in  1849,  when  Mr. 
Portal  was  returned  by  1,197  votes,  and 
Mr.  Shaw  received  868.  Finally,  Mr. 
Shaw  supported,  in  his  publications,  and 
with  his  purse,  the  project  of  a  Metropo« 
litan  Cattle  Market  at  Islington  instead 
of  Smithfield — a  scheme  which  involved 
nearly  all  its  projectors  in  pecnniary  diffi« 
culties,  and  sent  the  subject  of  our 
memoir  to  die  beyond  the  billows  of  the 
Pacific  wUk  onlp  three  halfpence  te  hie 
poekei. 

After  passing  through  extreme  adverait j 
at  Melbourne,  he  went  to  the  digginga, 
where  he  became  ill,  and  died  in  great 
poverty. 

Mn.  S.  Bknnbtt. 

/afy  30.  Mr.  S.  Bennett,  of  Biekerinia 
Park,  Bedfordshire,  a  very  eminent  agri- 
culturist. 

Mr.  Bennett  left  his  paternal  roof  at 
Terapsford  in  Bedfordshire,  some  forty 
years  since,  to  commence  bianness  as  an 
agricnlturist  in  Norfolk,  when  after  a  few 
years  the  lease  of  the  form  was  broken  by 
an  inclosure  Act,  and  he  again  turned  hia 
attention  to  his  native  county.  The 
farm  at  Bickerings  Park  becaaae  ^aomifcv 
and  behii  the  property  of  John  Utol>nk« 


Obi 


AK*.— Jfr.  J.  C.  Bidwill. 


4S3 


of  Bcdrord.  ChU  circumsUnce  of  iUelf 
wu  ■  efficient  Miurcc  of  attnctioD.  Cer- 
tainlj  it  conldMt  be  Clic  firm  in  <U  then 
•rretchcd  >t»te.  On  OUB  side  of  the  fsrin. 
bonae  Inj'  iboat  Iwo  hundred  icm  of 
poor,  tnalc,  iLcrilflcIa;  Imdi  with  ccarcely 
an  anderdriia  in  it,  ploughed  into  high 
bsck  Luidi,  led  in  ■  modrnte  aiied  Add 
it  KM  nothing  uncominaD  to  ue  them 
running  in  eit^ht  or  nine  different  direc- 
tion*. The  fences  were  high,  crooked, 
■nd  irregiiUr ;  with  nibbil  buirona  of  tre- 
mendous liic  quite  throngh  tlie  bank, 
Not  ■  road  •rai  upon  the  fnni  to  deoota 
that  a  load  of  gravel  had  e*er  been  be- 
Htowcd  upon  it^  On  ihc  oLhcr  lide  «ru  a 
niige  of  wild  Hod,  called  the  vuren  hUla, 
ooTered  with  fane  and  r«bbiti,  and  ilmott 
defying  the  hand  of  coltiratjon,  hot  on 
which  hare  aiuce  been  wiTing  tlie  moat 
fplendld  e-ropa.  The  middle  perl  of  the 
hrm  wM  loniewhat  better  land,  but  (o 
pOTerl;- stricken  chat  its  produce  wu  the 
moal  acmtf .     But  what  a  mighlj'  change ! 


Let  n 


w  look  0 


fortnble  domi 
quickast  hedgea ;  the  betntifut  aborl- 
borna  uiid  ebeep  grazing  in  the  bome- 
field,  where,  at  itarting,  little  elae  wia  to 
be  leeu  but  the  prickly  gone.  Tlio  only 
alloy  ILat  any  right-minded  inin  could 
now  feel  would  be,  that  the  patriot  farmer 
who  had  planned  and  eiecuttd  theie  as- 
tounding improtementa  ia  now  no  more. 
It  It,  howeier,  but  juatlce  to  add,  thai  in 
then  *ery  eiunaiie  improTements  be  was 
greatly  enoouraged  by  hi*  noble  Undlordi. 
The  late  Duke  aome  Iwanty  yeara  sinee 
wu  aecD  ID  the  district  nuietly  riding 
□Ter  the  farm,  on  hnneback  sluaej  Bnt 
lo  Ihia  direction,  then  In  that  i  but  seemed 
Tery  obaervant  of  what  wu  passing,  The 
next  morning,  without  a  word  haling  been 
•aid.  Mr.  Bennett  received  a  letter  from 
hl>  Gruce,  expressing  hii  high  graliflca. 
cation  at  the  great  impraTementa  he  had 
jut  mtneaeed  on  the  hrm,  and,  feeling 
aaiared  Ihey  most  haie  b«eu  eBectsd  at  a 
great  cost,  he  begged  his  acceptance  of  the 
IncIiiteH  as  a  token  of  good  will,  but  a 
rtrj  iaadecjaate  ntwird  for  hi*  lirga  oat- 
lay.''  The  tDcloted  was  •  cheek  on  Mr. 
Bimatd  for  SOO/.  i  we  hardly  need  add 
that  on  »  feeling  and  a  gt jieful  mind  like 
Uiat  of  the  late    Mr.    Cenneir,   surh  .n 

could  tr  rfri.t.,1.       l!n  L^.tiiicrdiiiarj  df 


day-ichool  la  the  Tillage,  which  uu  mof« 
than  one  occasion  has  been  pranuunced  by 
the  Government  Inspector!  u  one  of  the 
best  conducted  village  achoola  in  the 
kingdom.  Nor  wen  bia  charities  and 
public  acta  merely  local.  He  was  a  man 
of  great  poblic  spirit  both  la  the  affairs  of 
life  and  in  matters  of  religii»i.  Within  the 
last  fen  weeks  he  had  taken  a  tour 
throngh  Cornwall  on  a  mission  of  benei'o- 
tencc]  acted  at  one  of  the  judges  at  the 
Rojsl  Agricoltural  Society  at  Glouces- 
ter i  and  at  the  time  of  bis  death,  at  the 
earnest  aolicitationi  of  tome  triah  gentle- 
men, he  was  under  an  engagement  (0  go 
over  to  the  sister  country  (o  perform  the 
same  dntiei  in  tlie  Agricultural  Improve- 
ment Society  there.  And  if  the  many 
laurels  be  had  won  in  every  department 
HS  an  exhibitor,  added  to  great  probity  of 
character,  lit  a  man  to  act  in  aoeh  caps- 
citf,  few  penon*  we  pretume  were  more 
fitted  for  the  honoureble  office.  Per  many 
yeara  he  bad  sustained  olflce  in  the  Smitb- 
Beld  Cattle  Show  ;  and  from  the  com- 
mencement was  a  mo*t  efficient  member 
of  the  Kojal  Eiigliah  Agricultural  So- 
ciety, and  generally  of  the  Cooncll. 

Mb.  J.  C.  BiDWtLL, 
March  ...  At  Tlnana,  Meryborun«h,  In 
New  Holland,  aged  38,  Mr.  John  Canie 
Bidwill,  Commisaloner  of  Crown  L^ndi 
■nd  Cbalrmaa  of  the  Beach  of  Magiitrttei 
for  the  district  of  Wide  Bsj,  New  Soath 

This  gentleman  was  a  distinguished 
botanist,  and  the  foUowine  tribute  has 
been  paid  him  by  Frofeasor  Linilley  in  the 
Oardenen'  Chronicle  i — 

"  We  aanoUDce  with  great  coocem  the 
death,  iti  New  Holland,  of  Mr.  Bidwill, 
the  talented  son  of  Mr.  J.  G.  Bidwill,  of 
Biteter,  and  a  valued  correapondeat  of  our 
own.  We  learn  that  two  years  since,  la 
marking  out  a  new  road  from  bia  district 
ofWideBay  totheadjoining  one  of  More- 
Ion  Bay,  he  wss  accidentally  separated 
frum  bia  party,  and  lost  hinuelf,  withoHt 
his  oompaaa,  in  the  Bosh,  in  which  be  re> 
mained  eight  days  without  food  :  Incnttiag 
his  way  HXh  a  poekL'thoak  through  the 
pari'  .  .'■.  liebfoughtOB 


4S4     ]ir.J.Moor*.—Ifoen«  Wranski.— Mr.  Jeffhyn  Taylor.    [Oct. 


/   h^briiliiing,  in 
To  him  it  i*  dial 
he    t>mou9 
C  alter irird*  Dun ed  ifter 
■  BidirPi,  and  of  the  Nym- 
^te*,  iImI  Auitntian  ntal  of  tbe 
By  tui  fricndu,  of  nbom  he  bid 
■   am»  (kbI  men.  hii  loBi  will  be     Prenohmeo 
il  In  be  irrcpunble,  and  the  colonj 
■khtiiei  coiM  ill  afford  to  Ioeg  bii 
J.  L." 


M>.  JORN  MOOBI 

■      Am.  n.    At  Sunderland, 

I  (^TMi.  John  Moure. 

J      Kartf  M  life,   Mr.  Monre  eTincfd   o 

ttt»  wake  biuicif  Bcqualsled  with 
kUurr.  manneri,  tin  J  cuittidK,  and 
~  '     '         7  opporlnntty  uF  becoming  poi- 


the    manner   in    which    he   iietforued    it 

gained  him  many  admirera  among  all  Ifaoae 

who  were  well  qiulilied  to  appreoiata  dal; 

the  mailer  and  the  tendency  of  hii  workai 

Ho^ne  Wroniki'g  ebicquiu  nnd  funeral 

took  place  on  the  lllh  Aug.  al  Neuilly. 

idenhle  nnmber   of   hii   frieada, 

nd   Pole*,  admjrera   of   the 

dittiagoiihed  a  writer,  ac- 

ipanied  hii  mortal  remiiiiGto  Ihegraic 

elotjuent  oration  wai  pronOBnceid  by 

n.    Prancii    Laeombe   at    the    tomb,   is 

eulogy  oFtliedefuncti  and  another  ipeeob, 

his  SOlb     purporting  to  be  the  lul  farewell  of  bi* 

Polish    cotopstriota,   by   Count  C.    0$* 

The  worki  oF  HoEno  Wroniki  bad  an 
eileniire  circulation  among  the  learned  is 
"  '  Germany  ;  and  ■< 


la  bandbiiU,  pamnblelt  on      eipccially  Ihoic  that  tODchet 


I  b«Bl  uitgtct*. 

I  fl(4*  aitondod  hli  acqairenienls  by  ob. 

'  ^-Siag  almost  every  publication  connected 
k  Ibe  eounliei  of  Durham  and  Nortb- 

I  ■abolasd.  more  etjiecially  the  former  ; 

K  M^  Ui  colleclionB  relative  thereto  are, 

I  Mtbapa,  unequalled.      He  alio  pouesacd 

I  S«tial  mrioui    manmcripta    and    local 

■ifiil«t>>  of  many  of  which  he  might  be 

U  W  be  the  (ole  depoiitiry.   Mr.  Moore 

M  al  all  times  willing  and  aaaioni  to 

._ito  hli  DoUectioiii  inilabic  to  inj  re- 

iMtf^la  applicant,  and  hii  urbanity  in 
Sh  raapeot  was  only  equalled  b;  the  extent 
«t  (he  valuable  rarities  he  had  accumu- 


n  the  u 


litical  relations  of  Poland  and  otber  Sla- 
Tonian  countries,  bale  lately  found  in 
Leonard  Niediwiecki  an  able  reviewer  and 
translator  into  Polish. 


tafW^.     At     Paris,    aged    Vg,     HoFoe 
Wnioiki,  a  learned   Pole.      He  fought  at 
f^a.  when  loarcely  seienti 
an.  during  the   bloody  man 

ts  of  that  suburb  by  me  Kuiiioni 
.    After  the  fall  of  War- 


.  la  *nd  of  hii  life,  detoting  alt 

Us  Un*  and  dTorta  to  the  lolnlion  of  tbe 
Buwl  IsportanI  problems  in  sdenee,  po- 
»,  aod  philosophy.     He  was  author  of 
' '   '    '     [  diflerenl 


Mb,  Jii 
Au).  «.      At  liroaditalrs.  in   his  Gist 
year.  Mr.  Jefferyi  Taylor. 

Without  being  a  poet  (says  the  FatrUI), 
much  of  the  pure  poetic  feeling  is  dia- 
played  in  hii  writings,  together  with  ■ 
nice  tad  ia  the  HbibiCioii  nf  charwicr, 
much  humour,  and  often  wit.  Aoumg 
those  of  hiinorki  moil  readily  called  to 
mind,  are  ■'  The  Little  Historiaiti," 
"  Ralph  Ricbiids,  tlie  Miier,"  "  Inci- 
dents of  the  Apostolic  Age,"  "  Old 
English  Sayinga,"  "  Mtop  in  Bhyme," 
"  Cottage  Traditloni,"  "  The  Younj 
Iilanderi,"  both  works  of  great  patfaua 
years  of  and  lieautj.  "  A  Glance  at  the  Globe," 
e  of  the  and  "  The  Pamily  Bible."  While  paauog 
Ruiiions  this  latter  lolume  through  the  press,  in 
July  1832,  Mr.  TayU>r  wai  laid  aaide  by 
a  stroke  of  paraljiis,  under  which  ha  re> 
mained  entirely  disabled  to  the  day  of  Us 
death  ;  the  concluding  reiision,  therefore, 
of  this  work  was  completed  by  hi*  bro- 
ther, Mr.  Isaac  Taylor,  who  also  fiir- 
eiplinatory  prrfior.   An 


•  works,    publiihed   at   diflerenl      Inientiie   mechanical  genius  would.  I 

HiSJI  inthoFreneh  language.  Amongst      thought,  have  given  buD  some  standing, 

~  — La  Pbilaaophie   do   Matht-     had  opportnnitiei  offered  in  thai  diraition. 

P.  II.  Roaau. 

I  UchicQthal,  near  Baden 

Baden,  Mr.  Philip   Hatdiings  Rngen,  * 

■"idieape  painUr  of  coniiderable  power. 

He  was  a  native  of  Plymouth,   and  in 

early  life  was  placed  at  the  suninar^  of 


n  i  U  Phllosopbie  it  I'lnfinl ; 

MAaaofkli  de  la  TechnJe,  La  [UvCUtiou 

dn  Dcwliaiea  da  PHnmanitt :   La  Phito- 

tn|blr  Abwilue  dc  la  Politique ;  La  Deatin 

^  la  KnuMB;   de   I'Allemagne  et  de  la     landieape  paii 

Bus- 1- ;   La   Reforme  Absolne  da  Savoir 

HitBuhsi  and  rillituriographie,  ou  Sci- 

HM»  >t»  I'lllatoira.     These  ere  the  high 

IksmM  i>f  pblloaophy  on  wbicli  Newton, 

DaaoartM,    aiid    llegrl    have   dwell,    anil 

•Uob  Hoena  Wronski  choi 

U«  wai  fulll  co»p*Kll(  to  t 


Dr.  BidUke, 
a   alighting   an 
made  by  IJaydt 
antoblogriphy.     It  is 
tbor  boy  be  (Uay dou) 


>r  baj 


,ofw 


d  that  "with SAO- 


BidUke  "  from  hi(  iladiei  to  "  attend  to 
Uie  Doclor'i  capricM  in  paintiog."  Mr. 
Rogcn  hu  orien  bWD  h«rd  (o  rrlate  with 
cmotiaa,  bow  much  adiftnlage  he  deriTcd 
from  choae  peripatetic  digreaiions  from 
the  ordinnr^  roiiline  of  acholutic  lire  to 
which  Dr.  Bidlake  Bccnstomed  bia  paplU. 
Betidea  thii,  Mr.  Roger*  wu  lent  lo 
London  to  etudj  pictures  at  the  Doctor's 
aole  cipenK,  and  maintiined  by  him 
■here  for  iCTeral  yean.  In  the  cluiic 
lindacape  of  Mount  Edgcoinb«,  laokiag 
out  upon  (he  cipaiisiTe  waters  of  the 
Plymouth  Sound,  there  were  niateriala 
enough  for  an  obaertaat  eye: — where  the 
[Qorning  effects  of  the  lammer'a  tan 
riTal  thaw  oCCUude  in  his  Italian  Seaporti. 
ThSHt  suggeations  acted  on  Mr.  Rogera's 
mind  ;  and  he  via  conataiitly  learching 
in  nature  aTter  tach  motivei  as  inapired 
the  pencil  of  the  great  luminary  of 
Italian  landscape.  He  HtciI,  however, 
in  timet  nben  facility  of  execution  and 
itriliing  effiecti  appcaleJ  more  mcceas- 
fully  than  phi loiophi zing  on  the  truth*  of 
nature,  when  modeslj  gaie  way  before 
daring,  and  handicraft  was  mora  rained 
than  mind.  The  reaull  wu,  the  nrceaiity 
of  hia  retirement  lo  foreign  lamit,  where 
he  might  pariue  hii  art  lea*  fettered  by 
cipenie,  and  edncalc  hi*  chilJren  with 
more  econamy.  He  met  with  kindly  re- 
cognition at  the  hands  at  foreign  artialt, 
and  mure  lucces*  than  the  connlry  of  hi* 
birlh  bed  alTorded  him.  His  age  was 
between  lixty-five  and  aetexty  yeari. — 
AtitHtum. 

CLERGY  DECEASED. 


k.'^n^'J 


n  Uarrer  Wett^  et^. 


MtfU.  At  hit  h»bMt  « 
n,  the  Bair.  CUmiB  £»■•• 
ConW  o(  WlBhttoB,  Dnrhuri . 
Df  WHeal  iDflerlBC.  He  wai  r 


II.    Aisd  K,  the  Rer.  Bsttrl  SkkMoIi. 

i(  WtlbT.  Nonhuant,    He  wn  the  mnnd 

ie  Re>.  WUIUm  Slockiltle.  ^Icai  of  Mean 

In  Ibe  Hioa  HinntTi  wta  vt  SI.  Alb>o-a 

fOrd,  B.A.  latfi.  and  vu  pTHenKd  lo  h1i 

r  hl>  bther  In  IM9. 

I.    Aged  U,  the  Rei.  /Wifcrict  Bamm 

a.  MJL  df  UDiveralty  college,  DurluUd, 

M  Cnratg  of  Bedala.  Yorluhlni. 

3.    AE  the  Bed  Haiue.  near  lpawlrb,t«*il 

•f,  Cambridge, 

,  Ipnrtch.'in  Wli.aolnoWtniley  St.  Muj 

U  broidMaln,  ifed  39.  the  Her.  E^nrd  Akr. 
In-  rrrdrrict  iraratr,  Perp.  Curala  ot  l*>ng- 


nalDtd  at  Blickman  tn  IHSl.  tai  waa  rmled  a 
Dtronet  la  the  laDM  jriar,  b;  UU  cmulB  Hair. 
^Idon  nndvlng  dan.  o>LWat.-Ool.  Benrr  Hamaca 
If  BaUmuillBe,  CO.  Sab^,  He  ma  at  Tiiniig' 
»Ilegii,  Cambrhtsa,  B.A,  IBI«.MJi.  INa, 

.4iiff.ll.  At  Salb,  indN,  Iha  B<v..AMdn« 
"- — n.lI.A.  HewMth(Hn«(IIMuin]pHriun, 

jDraurlir  Fbptdan  to  the  Oeneral  HHpital 

it  &ruiliigham, '        ^ 

t|>rt[IH«.    Ue 


of  St.  J^n^  eallaga.  OifDRI, 

Bockden,  lb*  Her.  Fraiieu  HI- 
in.,  eldeit  »n  of  the  Be>.  F.  E. 


Anleo,  Btctor  t 

St,  Paler^eaUe 

AtCoryiaa,  1 

Umucrlj  rtS]<m  ..  .,__^ , 

gmlnated  B.A.  1MB,  ILA.  1111. 

Aug,  It.  At  LInbr.  NoOa.  fta  i?.  u>i  ■ 
Ttannal  BUM,  BmMt  of  that  plaM  aDd  I^ 
Curate  of  Papplevick  (ITn).  He  «ai  of  Ji 
eal^EEe.  Cambridge.  BJt.  1T9G.  ^^ 

Ami.  18.    Aged  SI,  the  Re*.  CterKi  IFfll 
r,  Perp.  Ctn^te  of  SoeUi  Burcombe.  tt 
(IS'U).    Ha  wa>  of  Corpiu  CliriaU  rollege,  O 


Aged  M.llie  Ser.  rrnkiir*  (Msnu 
unhtnt  Df  Sewutby  aud  UrlmUl  near 
.    He  itBi  of  Cbrift^  eollq^.  Cam- 


usmm  eou^D,  ^moni,  ojil.  »:u,  m.a.  ibxi. 

Al  lamcrtiTliall.  near  BtIke. Line.  •(edTE>,lhe 
Btt.  CliarUt  >Mvtvil  Wtatati,  Beeloc  o(  BamerbT 
and  of  BKUaDd -.  and  fambrtb  eaui  UitdeBwell. 
TyMBiDialh,  aged 
I  naUy.  ftnnerly 
•ftar  Nvcrtl  nan 
I'niTcnIl}  eDllife, 

kt  TbailBd,  Euu,  i(ul »!.  tlif  Ret. 


le  ottlanDllaiii ,  E(Wi. 
April  ll.    WkOe  fording  Ibi 
E«  ^taDd,uedH,thalIi 


of  J.  Lammlnf,  tm. 


^ 


Aft«». 


haileftlai 
At  FraliTan,  neai 
ST,  Sarah,  wlia  i 


lieele  csllc«i.  Canibridn.  U.A.  ITIM.  M.A.  IBio : 
and  wa*  btmbM  to  hb  ll>U>B  in  ISO*  bjr  Lord 

Jult  *u,    Al  Klibn,  NulU.  tnl  M,  the  Kov. 
UatTllMerl  llairUim.Ytaaca^a'tXti^Mi.  lie 


, anvfiaig. 

f  I,.  DeputT  ttnartennailer-ica.  Bombtr  P 
-  of  Habeirt  Bib.  etq.  Imadalk, 

Al  ftydncy,  Nm  Sonlb  Wakm,  ■  -rek 

trlvil  bwo  Enflaoil.  i«eit  ID,  Hcnrr 


LfWr^b 


426 


Obituary. 


[Oct 


Vuifrtun.  Lient.  Madras  r.Tur.  younfrett  «<m  of  the 
late  Juhn  Vam^han,  esq.  of  the  Madras  CirU 
Senriie. 

Jmme  5.  At  Cawiipurt\  Col.  Walter  Alex.  Yaten, 
C.B.  late  Hrifrailier  comroandinf  at  Lncknow. 

Jmmf  Itl.  At  MonteTideo.  afed  27,  Mary-Ann, 
vifBof  John  (rait  Smith,  uq. 

Jmite%\.  At  Kainptee,  affed  47,  Lleat.-0>1.  £d- 
wanl  Wanlni)ier.  of  the  ITtfa  Kegt.  lie  wa«  a  n*- 
tiw  of  Southampton,  and  third  ton  of  the  late 
Bkhard  Wardraper,  ettq.  He  waa  highly  eiteemed 
as  an  able  and  elHcient  ii«ridier,  an  npright  and  bo- 
Bourable  irentleinan,  and  a  aincere  and  tmrtj 
fkiend.  Ili«  aerrices  extended  orer  a  period  of  '11 
7ear«,ten  of  whkh  were  xpent  a»  A<Uatant  and  nine 
tacommandinffolBrer  of  the  37t)i  (rrt-nadiers,  and 
Ua  total  abkence  from  hi*  oorpe  in  England  and  In- 
dia aiuoanted  to  only  three  3rearh.  He  married  flr»t 
ft  dani(htcr  of  Jameo  Mar>h,  eM\.  of  Alphlncton, 
•ad  tecuDdly  (two  months  since)  a  niece  of  Lord 
ViKonnt  Mountmorency. 

▲t  Poon^h,  irrace,  wife  of  ra{)erintendin(c-sar- 
gpon  It.  White,  Southern  District,  Ikimliay,  and 
eldeat  dan.  of  the  late  Lieut.-Col.  Alex.  Speirs, 
political  agent  in  Meywar. 

Jmtu  17.  At  GoonoWn.  St.  Ajrnes,  aged  56,  Capt. 
Benjamin  ChiTi-I.  of  Wheal  Kitty  Omsols  Mine*. 

At  Fort  lieaufort,  South  Africa,  at  his  sun's  the 
Ber.  Thomas  Henchman,  aged  76,  Francis  Uencb- 
laan,  e«q. 

At  CalcnttA,  ai:eil  ao,  Wflliam  Hope  Kinsey,  of 
the  Duke  Kojit  Indiaman,  eldest  son  of  the  Iter. 
Matthew  Kin9>€y.  Briti>h  Chaplain,  I>nnkirk. 

/iifjf  1.  On  his  paasage  to  England,  aged  24. 
Gordon  I>ennis»n.  Madras  Kng.  only  surviving  son 
oC  the  late  Dr.  Denniwrn,  of  Margate. 

Julff  3.  On  tt  journey  from  Trichinop<dy  to  Ma- 
dras, aged  33,  Cliarles  lUcliard,  youngest  son  of 
the  Her.  C.  J.  Burton,  Vicar  of  Lydd,  Kent. 

Julft  r».  At  I'lxin.'ih,  age<l  fS,  tliv  Hon.  Alexan- 
der Bell,  late  Mirmticr  of  Council  of  the  Hon.  £a<>t 
India  Compuny'it  Bombay  Establishment. 

Jui0  1().  At  the  house  of  (Seorge  Arlrathnot, 
esif.  Nuilgherries,  aged  33,  Henry,  eldest  son  of 
the  Kev.  II.  (».  Phillips,  26th  Madras  KaUve  Inf. 

jMi^  II.  At  MiUbar-hiU.  Bombay,  ageil  61, 
Wllliaiu  Bnxiki,  evi.  Ut<>  Master  in  Equity,  and 
Kegintrar  <if  the  Supreme  Court  of  Judicature, 
Bombay. 

Juiv  14.  At  Aden,  aged  3.  Louisa,  cldld  of  MiOor 
C.W.  Iloflfeon,  Itith  Madras  Infantry,  and  of  hi*  late 
wife,  DiiniiiorG  Markarg  ;  also,  on  the  21st,  their 
Inflant,  Ctiarlotte  Duniuoro,  who  surrivcd  her 
mother  23  dayn. 

Juijf  15.  At  Madeira,  (feor^o  (irote  Mill,  esq. 
fourth  MMi  i.f  the  late  James  Mill,  ewi.  Historian  of 
British  India,  &<-. 

Jutjt  VJ.  At  Ken-ln^ton,  nge«l  33,  Frederirk 
John  WilliantHon,  emi  only  son  of  the  late  Msjor 
John  Williuinson. 

Jtap  24.  At  Corfu,  Helen,  wife  of  tlie  Her.  Win. 
Charteris. 

Julit  27.  At  Warley  Hall,  near  Bhrmingluun, 
aged  73,  John  t^l wards  liercy,  esti.  Magistrate 
and  formerly  IUkI)  SherilTofStAfTordshire,  father- 
in-Uw  of  Dr.  Ten-y,  of  the  Museum  of  Practical 
Geology. 

Ju/y  2V.  At  Homburg,  HesM  Homburg,  Wm. 
Forbe.t,  eftq.  of  Lincoln 's-inn,  barrinter-at-law. 

Jul^  30.  John  Gregory,  esq.  doromor  of  the 
Bahama  Islaudii,  brother  of  the  celebrated  Dr. 
GreKory,  of  Kdinburgh. 

y«/i/  31.  In  Jamaica,  aged  20,  John  Alexander 
Oonlon  l*ringle,  il.M.  3d  W.I.  Kegt.  eldest  son  of 
Mark  iVingle,  ciu(.  late  of  Oakondean,  Sussex. 

Atoj.  2.  At  Fownhoi>e  Court,  near  Hereford, 
Jane-Ciiarlotte,  wife  of  William  Stubbs,  esq.  lato 
of  the  Hon.  E.I.  Company's  Ci>il  Serrice. 
^iuy.  4.  In  I)omlnica,  of  yellow  fever,  John 
Prinn,  e^q.  Clerk  of  Works,  Royal  Engineer  De- 
partment ;  liavlng  recently  arrired  from  Europe, 
and  surviving  his  youthful  wife  only  about  three 
weeks. 

iliV.  *.    At  TrieKie,  agod  69,  George  Belli,  esq. 


At  Norwich,  Alice-Ana,  vtti  of  Eiwd  Flrid, 

mlicitor. 

In  I  pper  Sey™<^^r-<t.  AmeUe*  dan.  of  fbe  tale 
Sir  Stefdien  Ln^lnston,  Bart,  and  iielcr  of  flir 
Uennr  Lushin^ton.  Bart. 

Amg.  n.    .\t  Tliom-hill,  Br«y,  co.  Dubt^ 
36,  Edward-Arthur,  third  son  of  the  late 
Arthur,  e«).  of  GUuiomera.  co.  Clare. 

At  Oxford.  Anna-Matilda,  daughter  of  the  liii 
George  Warbnrton,  e«q. 

Auij.  7.  At  Voorburg,  near  the  Ban**  ^ 
W.  Van  de  Spiegel,  e^q.  late  of  Her  ■nJeitj'^ 
Treasury, 

At  Hurley.  John,  eldi>st  son  of  the  lata  J«mm 
Whitaker,  e^i.  of  itreenholme,  near  OtlcT.  York- 
shire. 

Dniwncd,  at  Qnebec.  William  Wylie,  eaq.  BJL 
of  Sid.  Suss.  Cambridge. 

Awj.  K.  At  MacntwTog,  Merioneth,  afod  S9, 
MiM  D0.UI,  of  narfleld  Honse.  Byde. 

At  Canilicrwcll,  air^tl  79,  Mn>.  Hannah  Lloyd, 
fiomierly  of  Lvme  Re«ls. 

At  Stanton.  Maria-Elisabeth,  wife  of  the  Sor. 
Henry  lUy.  of  lUdvell  A»h,  Suffolk  ;  and,  OA  the 
90th  Julw  their  inC»nt  dam;ht(T. 

At  Stock weIl-i«rk-road,  aged  51.  Edith, 
of  Thomas  Leigiiton  Terrey.  eM).  of  Oomhin. 

Aug.  9.      At    bUcklieath.  aged    64, 
Bridge!«,  emi.  late  of  i^een  Anne's  Bounty 

In  St.  Martin'-.  Stamfonl.  Caroline, 
dan.  of  the  late  Kev.  Henry  Etoogh,  Recter  of 
Lowick  aiul  XtWy. 

At  Ryile,  Me  <tf  Wi>;lit,  Algemon-Mortiiner, 
second  <4on  of  .1.  U.  Morris  C!»q.  of  Brixton-hilL 

At  Uri,;htun,  aeed  A4.  John  Straton.  esq. 

On  Iiii*  iMisNMce  to  England,  Lieut.  J.  £.  V. 
WilliamMin.  of  the  Mjilra»  Army. 

Aug.  in.  At  TotteiihAm,  aged  S4,  Ann,  wife  of 
Dr.  Bun-hell,  of  Kingsland-niad. 

Age<l  ."M,  Jame>  Crow,  esq.  of  Staple-tani,  and 
of  Gordon-street,  solicitor. 

At  Brixton,  Henry  William  Taylor,  eaq.  aon  of 
the  late  .fohn  Henry  Taylor,  esq.  of  Ctaylbid, 
Kent ;  also,  on  the  same  day,  John  Charlee  Ed- 
wardN,  esq.  his  bruther-in.Uw,  stm  of  the  lalo 
Chariot  .^u^'iiMut  Edwards,  esq.  of  Isleworth. 

At  ClaplKim,  n^retl  M(j,  .*viruh,  widow  of  Jamea 
Wanl,  e!M|.  Ltte  of  HAnunon>mith. 

Awi.  II.  At  c;ut!ili/W,  near  Oxford,  Thomas 
(Jregory,  c*i. 

At  <in>at  Uis!»in»;toii,  a<;cd  31 ,  Clara-Louisa,  wife 
of  John  TaU>(>t  KU*e,esii. 

Amf,  12.  At  guehec,  William  Pntton,  esq.  J  J*. 
Seignor  of  St.  Thonian,  C.E.  hei*oud  son  of  the  lata 
John  Putton.  c»q.  of  Wnlthonistow ;  only  one 
month  after  the  <leatli  of  his  son  Kobert,  who  dtod 
the  very  day  on  whieli  lie  was  to  have  been  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar. 

At  Ileybridge.  Smtt.  age«i  M,  Robert  PhiUps,  tmi. 

At  Bagnercs-de-Luchon.  in  the  Pyn^n^ea,  In 
conmHiiience  of  u  full  fnmi  liH  hor«,  aged  M, 
Capt.  John  Henry  Tonge,  late  of  IStli  LanoCTa, 
and  formerly  of  the  Uth  Light  Dragoons,  third 
son  of  the  kite  WilUum  Tonge,  esq.  of  Alveaton, 
Glouce>te  rehire. 

At  Clontarf  Castle,  Dublin,  Louisa-Cathertne, 
wife  of  John  E.  V.  Vernon,  esq. 

Aug.  13.  In  Grove -end-road,  St.  J<^tm'»-iroody 
aged  70,  Joseph  Angell,  esq. 

At  his  residence  near  London,  Lieut-Gen.  Wil- 
liam Martin  Burton,  Col.  Comm.  Madras  Art. 

At  Norton  Court,  near  Taunton,  aged  ft3,Wil> 
liam  Hcwett,  esq. 

In  Upper  Dorset-pl.  aged  79,  Miss  Catherine 
Story. 

In  Wc.stlK)unjo-i.l.  ated  7y,  Lieut.-Col.  Vomer. 

In  Jamaica,  Lieut.  John  Maryon  WiL<K>n,  3rd 
West  India  Kcgt.  ehlest  non  of  John  Maryon  Wil- 
son, esii.  of  Fitxjuhns,  Kuex. 

Aug.  14.  At  Iloade.  Martha,  youngest  dan.  of 
the  late  Rev.  W.  Uutlln,  Vicar  of  that  place. 

At  Cookabridge,  In  Lewtw,  agod  42.  Mr.  F.  H. 
Lee,  late  editor  of  the  Hull  Herald,  and  proprietor 
of  tlM  Stiasex  AdTortlaer,  Lewes. 


1858.] 


Obituary. 


A^t 


In  Upper  Brook-6t.  RttliuUd-DaliTmple,  infknt 
son  of  the  Hon.  Colonel  Lindsay. 

At  St.  Thomas's,  Lieat.  Robert  O'Brien  (1838), 
Admiralty  Agent  in  the  Royal  Mail  Steam  Com- 
l>any*s  shipn.  He  had  serred  clgliteen  years 
afloat. 

At  Wlmble<1on,  a^red  02,  Mr.  .fames  Paxton, 
brother  of  Sir  Jowph  PHxton,  and  many  yean 
confldential  scr\'ant  to  the  Dulio  of  Somerset. 

At  Braunston,  aged  G9,  WUliiim  Stubbs,  e^q. 

Awj.  \fi.  Wliile  on  a  visit  to  Iier  daugliter,  at 
Mentmor,  in  Bucks,  riiopte-Corden,  liau.  of  the 
lute  Rev.  John  Thompson,  Vicar  of  Heanor,  and 
wifb  of  Mr.  Georce  Hackctt,  of  Di.feworth. 

Aug.  IG.  At  Tlythe,  aged  75,  Sarah,  widow  of 
Mr.  Ueo.  Elwyn,  solicHor. 

At  Huntingdon,  Lavinia,  fourth  dan  of  the  late 
William  Ucrtwrt,  esq. 

At  High  Torcli,  near  Narberth,  South  Wales, 
Q;;cd  77,  William  Keddoy,  esq. 

At  Pupcastlc,  near  Cockemiouth,  aged  79, 
Thomas  Knight,  esq.  of  Papcastle  and  Henley 
Hall,  Shropi«hire. 

Aged  77,  at  Pl>Tnouth,  Priscilla  Beattie,  third 
dau.  of  tiiu  lato  Matthew  LuMrumbe,  esq. 

At  Alcestor,  aged  H7,  Jos.  Purden,  esq.  formerly 
of  the  Arm  of  Me«rs.  Muntz  and  Purden,  Bir- 
mingliam. 

At  Goring  Vicarage,  Oxon,  aged  72,  Folllot 
Scott  Stoke.<4,  esq.  of  Hans-place,  Chelsea. 

At  Tunbridgc  Wells,  uge<l  Gl,  Henry  Milnes 
Thornton,  second  son  uf  the  late  Samuel  'Hiomton, 
esq.  formerly  M.P.  for  Surrey. 

Auij.  17.  At  Ram!»ey,  Isle  of  Man,  aged  19  (at 
tite  re.Hidenco  of  his  brother,  the  Rev.  Robert 
Aircy).  William,  the  flfth  aoa  of  Mr.  Robert  Airey, 
of  Bungay,  wine  merchant. 

In  Alfred-pl.  West  Brompton,  aged  61,  Eliia- 
Letitia,  widow  of  George  E.  Bower,  e.^.  late  of  the 
Onlnanre  Department. 

In  Tibberton-sq.  Islington,  aged  71,  Mr.  James 
Brown,  many  years  a.ssistant-.^ecretary  of  the 
L^mdon  Hi1>ernlan  and  Guardian  Societies. 

Mr.  William  Ciiri^topherson,  of  I<ee,  Kent,  and 
King  WilUam-strcet,  City,  third  snrvivhig  son  of 
the  late  Mr.  William  Christophorson,  of  Ipswich. 

At  Newton-by-t he-Sea,  aged  45,  William,  son  of 
CiorUou  Joifoph  Forster,  e!*<i. 

At  Roth-Hay,  aged  79,  William  Laws,  esq.  of 
Prudhoe  Castle,  for  more  tlian  forty  years  one  of 
the  commi.txioners  of  his  Grace  the  Duxe  of  North- 
umberland. 

In  Somerset>st.  aged  92,  Chartotte  Sophia,  widow 
of  the  late  Sir  William  Parsons. 

Aged  75,  Geo.  Stanier,  cst\.  of  Worcester. 

Aug.  18.  At  Sali>bury,  Gerjrge  Brown.  cm\.  for 
many  years  a  member  of  the  Corporation,  and 
formerly  Chief  Magistrate  of  that  city. 

At  Southwold,  aged  81,  Benjamin  Sadler  CJand- 
Icr,  es<i.  many  ycart  Oimptroller  in  Her  Majesty's 
Customs. 

At  Richmond  Hou^ie,  Cliflon-hlll,  Bristol,  Eliza, 
wife  of  Oliver  Coathupe,  esq.  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  Adm.  Cumliorland. 

Accidentally  drownol  in  I-och  Aise,  Scotland, 
in  hi<  Hth  ye:ir.  Edward  Bethell  (^rington,  only 
son  uf  Col.  OKlrington,  CohL^tream  Guutls. 

At  Great  Maplestead,  Ev«x,  aged  59,  Tabitha, 
wife  of  John  Freeborn,  es<i. 

At  Wimlwruc  Minnter,  aged  86,  Miss  Mary  I-Yyer. 

At  Southboruugh,  agefl  75,  Francis  Gadd,  esq. 

At  Barnstaple,  aged  77,  John  Guest,  esq. 

In  Mile-end,  aged  49.  Mr.  JoMjph  Loader,  late 
of  the  Pavement,  Finnbury. 

At  HitHtini;<«,  Mary-Douglas,  third  dan.  of  the 
late  Lieut.-(fen.  Middlemore,  C.B. 

\x  Both,  Penelope-Charlotte.  M!cond  dan.  of 
late  Ilcv.  (rtM)rgc  Berkeley  Mitchell. 

At  Surbiton,  aged  71,  John  Pass,  esq.  formerly 
of  B«wton. 

At  (irove  House,  near  Edgware,  aged  70,  James 
Stevenson,  esq.  of  Cfflngton,  Lincolnshire,  and  late 
of  Walton  Villa,  (Hifton,  eldest  brother  of  George 
Bcilair.<4,  esq.  of  Narborongh. 


At  (Soring  vicartge,  Oxf.  aged  72,  Folliot  Scott 
Stokes,  esq.  of  Hans-pl.  Chelsea. 

Aug.  19.  At  I*lymonth,  aged  65,  (^pt.  Jolm 
Jordan  Arrow,  R.N.  (1851),  on  the  retired  lift. 
He  was  a  midshipiuon  of  the  Kent  in  tlie  expedi- 
tion to  Egypt,  Lieut  of  the  Jason,  at  the  capture 
of  the  French  West  Indiamcn,  and  senior  of  that 
ship  at  the  capture  of  the  French  frigate  Topaze, 
under  the  batterie.4  of  Guadalonpe ;  and  at  the 
taking  of  the  Saintes,  in  1809;  and  in  1813  and 
1H14  was  actively  employed  in  the  Sciieldt,  par- 
ticularly in  an  attack  on  Ave  French  brigs,  under 
Fort  Lille,  with  the  iKuits  of  Jason  and  Amphion. 

At  Rogate  Lodge,  aged  80,  the  Right  Hon.  the 
Dowager  Lady  Polwarih.  She  was  dau.  of  CoxuaX 
Bruhl,  for  many  years  Saxon  minister  at  thia 
Court,  and  of  Alicia  Maria,  Ck>unt^a  of  Egre- 
mont. 

At  Tunbridge  Wells,  aged  21,  Mary  Elizabeth, 
dau.  of  Henry  Mawler,  esq.  of  Gower-st. 

At  Greenwich,  William  Oxborongh,  esq.  late  of 
Calcutta. 

In.CarItou-road,  Maida-vale,  Colquhoun  Smith, 
est},  late  of  Aux  Cayes,  Hayti. 

At  Brighton,  John  Warde  Straton,  esq.  of  Dun- 
dalk,  Ireland. 

At  Old  House,  Great  Horkesley,  aged  81,  Mn. 
Witheat. 

At  Dorking,  Surrey,  aged  71,  Sarah-Foeter, 
widow  of  Heatiifleld  Young,  esq. 

Aug.  20.  Drowned,  with  two  sailors,  in  a  boat 
off  Ventnor,  aged  30,  Mr.  Edward  A.  W.  Ander- 
son, of  South  Audley-ftt.  eldest  sou  of  Mr.  Wright 
Anderson,  of  East  Acton. 

At  the  Firs,  Kidderminster,  aged  75,  Harriet, 
relict  of  William  Boycot,  esq. 

In  Eaton-pl.  Harriet-Elizabeth-Frances,  widow 
of  Col.  Edmund  Bridgeman,  and  dau.  of  the  late 
Col.  Hervey  Aoton,  of  Aston  Hall,  Cheshire. 

At  Melton  Mowbray,  aged  7 1 ,  Miss  Frances  Carr. 

At  Sydenham,  aged  92,  Susan,  widow  of  George 
Chilton,  esq.  one  of  the  Masters  of  Her  M^est/s 
Court  of  Exchequer. 

At  East  Stonehouae,  aged  70,  First-Uent.  John 
Couche,  U.M. 

At  Turin,  aged  23,  George,  second  son  of  theUte 
Francis  Gibbs,  esq.  of  Harewood,  Yorkshire. 

At  Broseley,  Salop,  Mary-Ann,  vrife  of  J.  U. 
Maw,  esq.  late  of  Hastings. 

At  Upper  Harley-st.  aged  76,  J.  P.  Morler,  esq. ; 
and  on  the  26th,  aged  57,  Horatla-Maria-Francet, 
his  widow. 

At  Ramsgate,  aged  31 ,  Emma,  wife  of  the  Rer. 
Frederick  Rcndall,  of  Harrow,  and  dau.  of  Willlam 
Downcs,  esq.  of  the  Hill-house,  Dedham. 

Aged  78,  Frank  Rochfort,  est},  of  BelUna-villaa, 
Kentisli-town,  and  Brewer-st.  Golden -sq. 

At  Newcastle,  Australia,  aged  80,  Major  RuseeU. 
formerly  of  the  80th  regt.  Major  Russell  was  en- 
gaged witli  the  20th  regt.  in  Holland,  in  1799;  in 
Egypt,  in  1801  ;  and  throughout  the  Peninsular 
War,  for  wtiich  he  obtain^  the  medals  lately 
issued. 

At  Hewshot-hill,  iioar  Liphook,  Hants,  aged  65, 
the  Hon.  Arthur  Ridiard  Tumour,  Oimmander 
R.N.  (1851),  on  the  reserved  half-pay  list.  He  was 
second  son  of  the  second  Earl  of  Winterton ;  en- 
tered the  navy  in  1799,  and  ser>'ed  17  years  afloet, 
all  during  tlie  war.  Ho  was  in  the  (>Mar,  with 
Sir  James  Saumarez,  in  his  Algesiras  action,  and 
was  constantly  in  active  service  on  all  stationa. 
He  married  in  1829  Charlotte-Fltzherbert,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  George  Daysh,  esq.  of  Petworth, 
and  has  left  issue  a  son  and  a  daughter. 

At  Haslar  Hospital,  at  the  honae  of  his  brother- 
in-law,  aged  58,  (}omm.  James  Howard  Tnmer, 
R.N.  He  entered  the  navy  in  1811,  was  made  ft 
Lieut,  in  1H25.  and  for  eight  years  commanded  the 
Falmouth  packet  Ranger.  Uls  last  service  was  in 
command  of  the  Menin  steam-packet,  in  the  Me- 
diterranean. 

At  the  (nrcns,  Bath,  Anna-Maria,  relict  of  R.  P. 
Western,  esq. 

Aug,  Si.   At  Upper  Uamllton-terrace,  aged  16, 


428 


Obituary. 


[Oct 


^nihelmina.  fhorth  dan.  of  the  Rev.  Henir  Ha- 
milton Beainiih. 

Mary-Greris,  wife  of  D.  Grevis  James,  e«q.  of 
Igbthara  Court  Lod^,  and  Oakfleld  Court,  Tan- 
Itridi^  WclU.  Kent. 

At  Winterborne  Abttax,  Dorset,  aged  Tfi,  John 
Down  Kellawajr,  esq. 

At  Bognor,  Siuuex,  affcd  79,  IU>bert  M.  Locd», 
esq.  formerly  of  Addlacombe,  Sorrejr. 

At  Notting  lUll  Terrace,  aged  75,  Thomas  Simp- 
•oo,  esq. 

At  Leamington,  aged  68,  Mlw  Sophia  Frances 
WrattisUw,  of  Rogby. 

Aug.  n.  In  Loraine-place.  aged  38,  D.  C. 
Alwin.  esq.  of  Moorgate-st. 

George  Edward,  youngest  son  of  Thomas  Bew, 
esq.  of  Frogpool,  cfiisleharst,  Kent. 

At  Torquay,  agi*d  64,  Robert  Merttins  Bird,  osq. 
late  of  the  Bengal  Civil  Service. 

Aged  N7,  Patience,  widow  of  William  Brownlow, 
esq.  of  lligiibury-place. 

At  IIa»tingn,  agtrd  M4,  John  Burrows,  formerly 
M^or  in  Her  Mi^eKty's  57th  regt. 

At  Vorlc,  Frances,  widow  of  Col.  CraMrforO,  of 
Newfleld,  Ajrrshire. 

In  London,  aged  45,  William  Oregson,  0!»q. 
Oomm.  of  the  E.  I.  ship  SutleJ. 

At  BoachomweU  rectory,  Norfollt,  aged  70,  Eli> 
xabeth,  relict  of  the  Rev.  Martin  Uogge,  Rector  of 
Soulhacre  and  Westwinch. 

At  Marlcet  Deeping,  Caroline  Isabella  Holland, 
second  dau.  of  the  late  William  HolUnd,  esq. 

At  Ganton,  Yorkshire,  Louisa-Harriet,  second 
•arriving  dau.  of  Sir  Thomas  Digby  Legard,  Bart. 

At  Devonport,  aged  5A,  Edward  Sole,  esq.  m>1. 

At  Brighton,  aged  73,  Miss  ElisabeUi  Thurston. 

Aged  71,  Mary,  widow  of  Henry  Wells,  e!>q.  of 

At  Stricklandgate,  Kendal,  aged  81,  Miss  WU- 
son,  formerly  of  Richmond-hill,  Surrey. 

At  St.  Leonard*s-on-Sea,  aged  30,  Anna-Eliza, 
eldest  dau.  of  W.  B.  (Wood,  esq.  of  Bloomsbory- 
square. 

Aug.  83.  At  Tything,  Worcester,  John  Bramp- 
ton, esq.  solicitor. 

At  Newington-pl.  aged  79,  Christopher  Edmonds, 
esq.  of  Bi<aiopstoue,  Wilts,  and  of  Newingtou, 
Surrey. 

At  Antwerp,  John  Knight,  esq.  formerly  of  tlie 
King's  German  Legion. 

Aged  61,  Walter  Newton,  of  Duuleckney,  co.  of 
Carlo w,  esq. 

At  Richmond,  Surrey,  aged  79,  Mrs.  Bess  Po- 
terson,  of  Kensington,  dau.  of  Andrew  Paterson, 
M.D.  formerly  of  Margam. 

At  Cralg-y-  No's,  Breconshire,  aged  3i<,  two  days 
after  giving  birth  to  a  dau.  who  survived  only  a 
few  hours,  Sarah,  wife  of  Rhys  Davis  Powell,  e^tq. 
late  High  Sheriff  of  the  county,  (ktu.  of  William 
Brooks  King,  esq.  of  The  Ilennons,  Teignmouth, 
and  granddaughter  of  the  late  Adam  Dalnuige, 
esq.  of  Batli. 

Mary-Ann,  wife  of  Samuel  Shoobridge,  esq.  of 
Worlington  House,  Inslow,  Nortli  Devon. 

At  Lincoln,  aged  Kl,  Morris  Tonge,  esq. 

At  Shearsby,  Leic.  aged  45,  Thos.  Walker,  esq. 

Aug.  24.  Charles  Richard  Bailey,  esq.  Green- 
house, Redcar,  Yorkshire,  formerlv  (and  for  many 
years)  a  surgeon  at  Kirkleatham,  also  in  Cleveland. 

At  the  Firs,  Holyboume,  David  Anderson  Blair, 
esq.  late  of  lucliyra. 

At  Middle  Deal,  Kent,  Frances-Anne,  wife  of 
Henry  Braidley,  esq. 

Aged  79.  Samuel  Clutplin,  o-sq.  of  Southampton. 

At  Leamington,  aged  48,  Henry  Tliomas  Ebs- 
worth,  esq. 

Mary,  wife  of  William  Elliott,  osq.  Holy  Shute, 
near  Iioniton. 

At  Torquay,  Catherine- Vigors,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
R.  Fayle,  minister  of  Trinity  Church. 

Aged  46.  Capt.  William  Oregson,  of  Ilamp&tead. 
He  expired  at  King's  College  Hospital,  liaving  had 
an  apoplectic  lit  In  an  omnibus,  near  Temple  Bar. 

At  Kentish-town,  aged  77,  Comm.  Chas.  Royer, 


R.N.  on  the  retired  list  (1816).  He  served  17^ 
afloat,  was  at  the  batUe  of  the  NQe,  on  board  tiM 
Swifbure  74,  and  in  IHOl  in  a  desperate  eagage- 
ment  of  more  than  an  hour's  duratkn,  wbidi  re- 
duced the  Swiflsure  to  a  wreck  and  rendered  hcra 
prize  to  a  French  squadron  undM-  Rear-AdnSrsl 
Ganteaume.  SiibHcquently  he  screed  In  tbe  Kent 
74  and  Victory  100,  flag-ships  of  Sir  RSchardmc- 
kerton  and  l-«rd  Nelson,  both  in  tbe  Medtterra- 
nean,  where  he  was  made  Ueutenant,  Nor.  19Cli« 
1804.  His  last  appointment  was,  in  1810,  to  tbe 
Astnea  43,  commanded  by  bis  Ibnner  Cutala, 
Scbomlierg,  imder  whom  while  croLdng  off  ibda- 
gascar,  in  company  with  the  Pbcebe  and  Galatea 
frigates  and  Racehorse  18,  he  assisted,  after  a  long 
and  wannly  contested  action  with  the  Ftancb 
40-gim  fHgates  Renommee,  Cloriode,  and  Kereide, 
in  the  capture  of  the  Renomnxfe.  He  left  tbe  A»- 
trtta  in  Oct.  IHll,  and  accepted  bis  retired  rank 
Feb.  35th.  183H.  For  injuries  sustained  In  tbe 
Ambuscade  in  1806,  Commander  Royer  waa  pre- 
sented with  a  gratuity  from  the  PatrtoMc  Fond, 
and  was  awarded,  Nov.  4th,  1809,  a  pension  of 
451.  13s.  He  was  some  time  harboor-nuuter  at 
Fort  Louis,  Mauritius. 

At  Batlt,  Margaret,  relict  of  Nicholas  Sadlelr, 
esq.  of  Sadler's  WelU,  co.  of  Tipperary. 

In  Queen'»-rd.  St.  John's-wood,  Joyre-Clandla, 
only  dan.  of  tlie  Hon.  James  Watson  SberUT,  At- 
tomey-(ten.  of  Antigua. 

Aged  73,  Ann,  widow  of  John  Spearman,  esq.  of 
Eachviick  lUlI. 

Aug.  i5.  .\ged  63,  Sarah,  wife  of  Wm.  Bland, 
esq.  of  Hartlip  Place,  near  Sittingboume.  and 
dau.  of  the  late  P^v.  Ralph  Price,  Rector  of  Ly- 
minge,  Kent. 

At  Birmingham,  Walter,  fourth  surviving  son 
of  the  Ute  Rev.  D.  J.  Burdett,  Rector  of  Gilmortoa. 

In  consequence  of  falling  accidentally  over  tbe 
Trevulga  CliflTs,  near  Boecastle,  Cornwall,  aged  S5, 
Charles  U.  W.  Dennis,  esq.  solicitor,  CamelfiKd, 
son  of  Pliilip  Dennis,  esq.  of  Alnwick,  and  nmbew 
of  the  Rev.  M.  Gretton  Dennis,  Vicar  of  Gnat 
Totham. 

At  Wateringbury  Lodge,  Kent,  aged  84,  Mend, 
ham  Freke  Evans,  esq. 

At  Morden  CoUege,  Blackheatb,  aged  84,  George 
Henry  Gibbons,  esq. 

Aged  33,  Jane-Matilda,  wife  of  William  Janvrin, 
esq.  of  Momlngton-road,  Regent's  Park. 

At  Ryde,  aged  67,  M^Jor  George  Jenkins,  late 
of  the  Hon.  K.  I.  C.  Senice. 

At  his  residence,  Tpton-house,  Nursling,  Kent, 
aged  48,  William  Lichfield,  esq. 

Dorotliy,  wife  of  lU>bert  Luxton,  esq.  Bmibfbrd 
Barton,  near  Winkleigh. 

At  Eltliom,  Kent,  aged  84,  Catherine,  wife  of 
Herman  Prior,  esq. 

At  Orford,  aged  84,  Elizabeth,  reUct  of  Mark 
Farley  Wade,  es^i. 

Aug.  36.  At  the  Rectory,  Samplbrd  Pererell, 
aged  67,  Harriet,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Bonlton. 

In  Ozford-sq.  aged  88,  Caroline-Charlotte,  dau. 
of  the  late  Geurgo  Henry  Cherry,  esq.  of  Denfonl, 
Berks. 

At  Broughton,  Manchester,  .Uexander  Cbeyne, 
esq.  B.A.  Barrister-at-Law. 

At  Geys  Houiie,  Maidenhead,  Marr-Frances, 
eldest  dau.  of  John  Payne  Collier,  esq.  V.P.S.A. 

At  Petersham,  agixl  36,  Lady  Jane  Dawson 
Damer,  eldest  sitter  of  the  Earl  of  Portarlington. 

At  Glasgow,  Peter  Ferguson,  cm}.  merchant. 

At  Shirley,  Warwickshire,  Susanna,  wife  of  C. 
Heath,  esq.  of  Holly  Cottage,  North  Brixton. 

At  Marpool  Hall,  Devon,  aged  80,  Harriot,  relict 
of  WUliam  Thomas  Hull,  esq. 

At  Islington,  aged  66,  Sarah,  wife  of  tlie  Rev. 
T.  J.  Jaumard. 

At  Londonderry,  Rev.  Mr.  M'Carron,  Roman 
Catholic  Archdeacon  of  Dcrry,  who  was  tried  and 
acquitted  at  the  last  Londonderry  Assizes  on  a 
charge  of  inciting  suuio  soldiers  of  the  54th  Regi- 
ment to  disobey  the  commands  of  their  ofUcers. 

At  Underwood,  l*l>iiiptun  St.  Mary,  aged  70, 


1853.]  Obituarv.  ^I%M 

Fa/mulu  Hurry  Hltil«tt(ISl01, on  llicrMlred lilt      aH|.  laliFluir.Trovbriaga,  Mr.  Jgnpb  B«ilin)-,#l 

illiwlck  Puk,   Hull*,  tsti  9  monlU, 
■oDger  iUb.  of  Tim.  TliIMI«hni'*>  «■<(' 
aiiit,i«lM.Ji>IiDlMirnUv,Mq.         Amg.M.    At  SanHM]u,UBd  U,  C4|il.  Heiu7 
to  oruig  Slack  Kun*a«.  Allan.  lUdna  >tip]>.  fram  dbaug  oivuluned  liy 

"  U.  Bew,  Mariinue-LMllla.  Ili«  wlh  of  JwHiti      Hniee  wlili  the  aunen  unil  Hlncn       ' 

....... ...  ..     _ tUlriionorw.  U.  AlkB.mq.  o(L«l 

At  Hcnchwv  *lange,  CnniiHtll.  HurrM  J-O. 
DDlydiu.of  JaliaCmilu.H<i.  arl^Tui.  n.b. 
in)  Diuiiw,  wni>  nmii>i>»™  AgclM.  Add.  irllii  of  H01U7  Tl 

IwCitlicdnlHDWI.SI.Pinl-B-      oq.  of  CuotemQ  KDw^nwI. 
ctmrcbyinl.    11*  dnok  ■  pint  of  •twrrr,  Ittt  on         Al  Uh  Ttcann.  Eul  Tlllior)',  tbe 
■lia  itoet,  wul  ■  gtaOmaut  mmal,  tmant  ap  •     B"-  W-  O'  (imwtiUd. 

tiUPlil«  tnd  snuUnt  11.  uedlmsd.  ■*  Bs  In  •  asHl  A«b1  60.  Itairy  HukcUi.Mq.  of  K , 

mu  I  be  bu  nnninnid  pniiplc  icU,"    H*  om      •hlra.wiil  Ulnn-r^on,  eonaiirDf  Carnimn, 
nknn  U  the  huiilt^,  wbsn  h<  dlgd  In  m  Saw         At  Old  Umniplao.  RllubtUl-Fltmi     '~' 

loliiaMi.  lleUd  tow.Kranllnitnihr  endFRce.      d( Tbamu  Hiy. »V' at I'lHibtnilU]', 

In  •  BiarUil  lUH  of  mind  Ibr  •amB  nnw.  Vsnbtt,  .      Al  UpFeT  (learf^4tnM,  BrTViitaiHn.  aiBi  I 
WUlUm  Hanal.  vq. 
Kbd,  GlialfWit  SI.  UU»,         At  Dlidipoal,  igni  t».  QMra  Ormuod,  < 

_„ .irldowDfTba.  AU«o,an.      or  tambill,  ana  of  Her  lt<|atj'i  JiwHch  of 

AlBrlilUm.Ctiariiitn-SDiuiu.  wWonro/Wtf- '— ' ■■•— 

UuB  Bnbg.  in.  ot  Hui,  9 
lubellvDoalh.  wUB  of 


wii,  CM),  of  tioldUuirpc. 

AI  Brlatiloo,  Cbula  hm 
ofOiftrdT 


«i.4]atniiU,  wUtvt  T.  Vi 
iwrou.  (M|.  or  FbUwtiliiliia, 
ii]|iii,a«nlBI,GcD>tB  Strttlm.Hq.  Utt< 
ilru  a^U  Sorrtm,  and  Jlem'^—  -■  "- — 

Sl-Oeorge. 

1  Tii,  Mn.  JI1U7  WMim.  at  BrMk-X. 

»1.    AlBrt^ion.        ~- 


u  KgjudBgioD,  iniiiiprlBH  of  IMb, 


^t  QaJldlbiil,  tgrt  t».  Edmund  MIcbsIU,  laq.         KicWgh,  lUoT  un  ullbs  Uta  Cut.  John 
U  lljrmaDlh.  wed  31,  EllCB-Hirr.  wU>  a<  Af-      Wsh,  RJt.  ud  nrphinrta  U.  lUwb  SMUh, 


I.  tHi  Indb  Co'.'a  geniM,  UennT 

t  Uvpw   Bskalar-M.  at  aa  adi 

nlidoCnwiauSlmiiuin.eiq.  Uadr  Hudubobi],  nlict  ot  ttaolau  Oai.Siz 

Al  KruMdi,  ictd  e4.  TnoDiH.  aMait  ku  uTIbc  lus  HuDincind, 

■aUHHksUSsiltb.etq.  orSTdenlwiii,  KbhT.  Al  lb*  K«v  SMyne,  BrlctaioL,  _„  .,, 

Al  IMiUn,  Sanh-AnDa.  ilia  olIC  ot  FrtAaaur  IMtc,  nnij  nunlTlnit  Dhltd  at  tbt  Ret.  C~._ 

WiUarv.  Wdkr,  U.D,  DnMrl]-  KKWr  at  Eut  CUndon, 

Av.  K.    At  AiMiDiuTie.  Dorb.  tUnnali,  filirt  Sumy. 

ofJgliB  HeDCT  Butan.u].  Auf.  .. 

Al  Arnhoe  JtodDTj.  c 
lAdj  Vumr.  iillB  or  Uw 

Al  ll'Inlwnic  Mlmur.  iita  M,  Edvird  KlUa.  vera  'lavrlad  In  April  at  Uw  laHmi  w.  at 
Buj,  ■  meiiibu  ot  Itw  CurpotMlou,  and  oiWDt  lbs  Smdlae.  I.W,,irliaBnillMTdaparledlM'Jaiiulca, 
Geramon  at  Hartn  EUubeUi'i  Fn»  Unioinu  LitU^.  AI  SoDlhampian,  tgti  11.  Itirnrat- 
Sebool.  L11CT.  (Mcil  dan.  ot  tbe  Rw.  Cbatto  t>.  Back- 
In  Slwia.>l.  acttl  18,  llcurr-Willlun,  ablni  fVrd. 
•Hiotllftiri' Ja]r,aa4,  In  Londnn,  Mr,  IDgHltl.UiaDomwWT.    Hairu 

AgndM.NaJni  wniluaAndn*  Ladhnr,  lUb  Id  neU  potanr. 

Bengal  N.lnf.  fn  Carlon.  >a»l«B.  Ctft.  WlUun  Alaundcr 

At  Ccil/lufl,  «|«t   IB.  Mary,  nlkl  «t  U^or  llldai,  H Jl.  Shh  Ue«l. 

Hnrtlnia.  Mr.  Jobn  tUloa,  nilny  contmclw.    Ha  vu 

AITinM1dn-«cna.a«Hli;.J(>lin.ysiiiigaM>on  killed  by  tdUng  from  ■  tcaihld  craned  agiliiit  bb 

oTIbaRci'.W.B.  Hurtb.DJJ.ofTiirrlnrtDn-fq.  bouB.oUed  Fali-owiIUI.na-  ~ 

A«df>l,JobD  Blelby  Parker,  en),  or  Wudlty-  He bwl  remily  purchued Uu 

Al  Qia  Oramnur  Scbonl,  Klngriun.nfl.Tbwin,  »yf,  I,    KllulieUi.Marlk.ltai 

Annla,irUboltbcIIat.  Wm.  Ktnc,  BavlllaMtT.         -  "  --   —  "■-  -    -■  ■■   - 

M  Abdotar,  i»d  M,  Lnry  wallar.uBlyiDrviT- 
UiM  din.  ot  tlie  bio  OnHiln  Jaowa  Wallet,  and 

Cddaii.  ut  Ibr  lale  Jobn  Walter,  «|.  M.P- of  kintaae. 

Lbrliljo  IIODH,  GodaltolM.  A(*d  TS.  Ana,  wldoii  of  Andrew  Blytb,  eaq.  of 


480 


Obituary. 


COct 


Hftsti,  second  son  of  the  late  John  Wilson,  mq.  of 

AM.  3.  At  Alton,  a^  54,  Caroline,  relict  of 
the  uev.  Thomas  Attkins,  of  Egham,  Surrey. 

At  York-terrace,  Re^unt*!  Park,  aged  74,  John 
Daniel  Aubert,  esq. 

At  Wrotham  Park,  tlie  seat  of  Mm.  Byng,  a^^cd 
18.  Hie  Hon.  £Uza  Franceii  Byng,  only  dau.  and 
helreai  of  Lord  Visconnt  Torrinfi^n.  Her  re« 
mains  were  remoyed  to  tlie  (amity  rault  at  Mere- 
worth,  Kent. 

At  Cork,  John  Corker,  esq.  late  Major  in  the 
Roral  Cork  MUitia. 

At  the  Red  lioose,  Needham,  aged  83,  Edmund 
Himrard,  esq. 

or  apoplexy,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  R.  T.  Hunt,  of 
the  Camberwedl  New-road. 

At  Greenwich,  aged  56,  Mr.  Keelile,  surgeon. 

At  Jersey,  ag^d  74,  Matthew  Norton,  esq.  sur- 
geon, of  Gloucester-i^aeu,  New-road. 

Aged  3C,  Anna,  wife  of  Thomas  FUtt,  esq.  of 
Bnrton-cresccnt,  liarriAter-at-law. 

At  Rothesay.  UcnrictU,  dau.  of  Mi^Jor  F.  C. 
Scott,  Madras  Army. 

At  Edinburgh,  Jamex  Simpson,  eu\.  advocate. 

Sept.  3.  Aged  22,  Kdwln  Raker,  youngest  son 
oC  John  Baker,  esq.  of  Park-st.  Grusvenor-wi. 

At  the  rciddence  of  her  rister  in  the  College, 
Cathedral-yard.  Exeter,  aged  92,  Mrs.  Martha 
Cook,  formerly  of  Ottery  St.  Mary. 

In  Brompton,  agvd  75,  Thomas  Cnrti^,  esq. 

At  Staplehunit,  Kent,  James-George,  youngest 
loa  of  the  late  Natlianiel  Garland,  esq.  of  Michael- 
•towHaU. 

Aged  78,  Charles  Linton,  esq.  R.N.  one  of  the 
medical  officers  in  Codrington's  ship,  the  Orion, 
At  the  hattle  of  Trafklgar. 

In  Blandford-sq.  Elizulieth,  wife  of  Charles 
Shadwell,  esq.  of  Uray'K-inn. 

At  Stepney,  aged  H7,  Robert  Wadham  Spragge, 
gentleman,  formerly  of  Ilvthe,  Kent. 

At  Kingston-upon-Hull,  aged  49,  Mr.  John 
Thomey ,  coroner  of  the  borough .  He  had  under- 
gone a  surgical  operation  for  pol vpus,  firom  which 
he  was  recovering,  when  apoplexy  supervened, 
which  rapidly  proved  fistal.  Mr.  Thomey  has  left 
a  large  fiunily. 

8^.  4.  Ajjed  66,  J.  B.  Claypole,  esq.  of  West 
Ham. 

At  his  Cither's,  aged  33,  Charles-James,  sHKrond 
•on  of  Thomas  Cope,  esq.  of  Carlton-hiU,  St. 
J6hn*s-wood. 

At  Clajrfield  IiOdge,  near  Southampton,  aged  64, 
Maria,  wife  of  Charles  Vicars  Hunter,  csmi.  of  Kil- 
boorne  Hall,  near  Derbv. 

Charlotte,  wife  of  Capt.  Owen,  of  Marlflcld, 
Gorry,  IreUnd. 

At  Mr.  Rowley's,  her  son-in-law,  II.M.  Dock- 
Tird,  Deptford,  aged  86,  )(ary,  relict  of  Robert 
Sagg,  esq.  surgeon,  of  Malton,  Yorkshire. 

In  Ghesham-place,  Eleanor-Sophia,  wife  of  the 
Hon.  and  Rev.  William  11.  Scott,  brotlier  to  Lord 
Polwartti.  She  was  daughter  of  the  late  Rev. 
Archdeacon  Baillle  HamUton,  and  sister  of  Capt. 
W.  A.  B.  Hamilton.  Secretary  to  tlie  Admiralty  : 
she  was  married  in  1833,  and  has  left  issue. 

At  her  son-in-law's,  John  Farrer  Kensington, 
esq.  Charlton,  Kent,  aged  67,  Lucy,  wife  of  James 
Hales  Shirretr,  M.D.  lately  of  Blockhcath  and 
Deptford. 

At  Wetraore,  near  Ludlow,  Frederick  Stubbs, 
esq.  third  son  of  the  late  Walter  Stubbtj,  esq.  of 
Beckbury,  Salop,  and  brother  to  the  late  Brigadier 
Orlando  Stubbs,  of  the  Bengal  army.  Governor  of 
the  Fort  of  Gwalior. 

At  Rainsgate,  aged  84,  Jane,  widow  of  Joseph 
Tucker,  esq.  formerly  Surveyor  and  Commissioner 
of  the  Royal  Na^-y. 

At  Great  Malvern,  aged  76,  William  Fnuer 
Tytler,  esq.  of  Belnain,  Vice-Lieut,  and  Sheriff 
I>epate  of  Inverness-shire.  He  was  the  eldest  son 
of  the  late  Lord  Woodhouselee,  and  brother  to 
Mr.  Patrick  Fraser  Tytler  the  historian. 

At  Sheemess,  aged  90,  WllUam  Ward,  esq.    He 


was  originally  a  mechanic  In  SheemewDoeksrard. 
and  after  pawing  through  various  degrees  of  pro- 
motion was  ultimately  appohited  to  the  retponsflile 
situation  of  timber-master,  which  he  fllled  for 
many  years  with  much  credit  to  himself  tfll  aboot 
20  or  ^t  years  ago,  when  an  extensiTe  •Iteration 
was  made  among  the  ofBcers  of  the  dockjarda 
generally,  and  the  situation  of  timber-master,  wfCh 
bcveral  other  situatiouH,  was  abolished,  and  he  iv- 
tired  upon  a  superannuation  of  i4>warda  of  3001. 
a  year. 

Sept.  5.  Aged  7 1 ,  Joseph  Bradfhrd  Angell,  eaq. 
of  the  Bank  of  England  and  of  Lewisham.  Kent. 

At  Heme-ltay.  aged  57,  John-Wyke,  eldest  Mm 
of  John  Fowler,  esq.  of  DatcheL 

At  MaliMs.  Monmouthsliire,  aged  30,  Jane,  wUt 
of  Charle>  B.  Fox,  esq. 

At  Scedley ,  near  Manchester,  aged  72,  EUzabeth, 
relict  of  Benjamin  Gray,  esq. 

Frances,  wife  of  Jamea  iiargreaves,  esq.  of  May- 
flold,  near  Bolton. 

At  Blackheath-park,  aged  78,  Ann,  reUct  of 
Henry  Hennoli,  esq. 

Aged  63.  Ouirlotte,  relict  of  A.  G.  Kennedy, 
esq.  M.D.  of  Stafford. 

In  Canterbury,  agetl  77,  If.  H.  Klrkby,  esq. 

At  Thringstone,  aged  63,  Ruth,  widow  of  Tho- 
mas Oxlcy,  esq.  M.D.  of  Poniefiract  and  Aakem. 

At  Birkenhead,  Cheshire,  aged  78,  Argentina 
SchQizzi. 

Afed  62,  Capt.  H.  B.  Skinner,  of  the  Royal 
Muines. 

Sept.  6.  At  Newport,  I.W.,  aged  17,  Mary- 
I^uiaa,  tliird  dau.  of  Mr.  Bartrop,  solicitor,  King- 
ston,  Surrey. 

At  Paddington.  aged  76.  Miss  Crauftird,  sister 
of  John  Craufurd,  esq.  Auchenames. 

At  the  residence  of  her  sister  In  Chariea-at. 
Berkelcy-sq.  Gertrude  Rose,  dau.  of  the  late  Ed- 
mund John  (ilynn,  esq.  of  Glynn,  Cornwall. 

At  Wilton,  aged  77,  Elizabeth,  wlfb  of  John 
Ingram,  e.nq. 

Aged  17,  Arthur,  fourth  son  of  M.  D.  Lowndes, 
esq.  of  Edge-lane,  Liverpool. 

At  Tisman's  House,  near  Horsham,  Sussex,  aged 
74,  John  l.aker  N.ipper,  esq.  He  was  fhnn  hia 
youth  a  great  admirer  and  )>atron  of  the  manly 
game  of  cricket,  and  two  of  his  sons,  Messrs.  Wil- 
liam au<l  Edwin  Nappcr,  are  cricketers  of  con- 
siderable celebrity. 

At  All  Saintji'  vicarage.  Long  Shanton,  Cam- 
bridgeshire, age<l  44,  Elizabeth-.Mary,  eldest  dan. 
of  the  lute  John  Smith,  esq.  borrister-at  law. 

At  lUmsgate,  aged  84,  Jane,  widow  of  Joseph 
Tucker,  esti.  formerly  Surveyor  and  Commissioner 
of  the  Royal  Nuvy. 

At  Skryne  Castle,  oo.  Meath,  aged  57,  Mary, 
widow  of  Peter  Wilkinson,  esq. 

Sept.  7.  At  SIior(>ham,  Sussex,  aged  70,  Eliza- 
beth, relict  of  ThonioA  ChiytoUi  es<i. 

At  Ipswich,  ui.'e<i  44,  Charlotte,  third  dau.  of 
the  late  Charlci  Collett,  e>q.  of  Walton,  Suffolk. 

In  Clapton-$q.  lliu:kney,  aged  88,  Sarah,  relict 
of  George  Dcanc,  esq. 

At  the  ru^ldenco  of  Mrs.  Cliandler,  Sherborne, 
Dorset,  aged  04,  Mary,  relict  of  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Durant,  of  Poole. 

At  the  Recess,  Richmond,  aged  79,  John  Evans, 
esq.  of  Hertfoni-st.  3Iay-fair. 

At  Margate,  accidentally  drowned  while  bathing, 
aged  21,  Wni.  J.  Greenland,  Theological  student 
of  King's  College,  son  of  Tliomas  Hughes  Green- 
land, of  Shephcnl's-btiMh  and  Rolls-yard,  Chan- 
cery-lane, esq.  barristcr-at-lttw. 

At  Tcigniuouth,  aged  21 ,  Thomas  Abraham,  son 
of  James  Lloyd,  eiMi. 

At  Wotwood  Hall,  Staffordsh.  agwl  59,  Lieut.- 
Col.  Powys,  one  of  the  magistrates  of  that  coimty, 
and  a  dcputy-lieut. 

Aged  61,  John  Pinfold  Stallard,  c-ni.  surgeon, 
of  Leicester. 

At  Edinburgh,  the  widow  of  the  late  W.  Ten- 
nant,  esq.  merchant,  Edinburgh. 

S^.  8.    George  Kingston,  esq.  of  Malton. 


1853.] 


Obituary. 


431 


Aged  33,  MervUle-Oaroline,  wife  of  Dr.  Mawn, 
of  Finsbury-circos,  And  only  dan.  of  the  late  Na- 
thaniel Simmons,  esq.  of  Qlouceater  Lodge,  Croy* 
don. 

At  Bri((hton,  aged  76,  Charles  Price,  M.D. 

At  Cockglode,  near  Ollertun,  the  residence  of 
her  sister  the  lion.  Mrs.  Lnmley,  aged  68,  Kathe- 
rine  Tahourdin,  daughter  of  the  late  Henry  Ta- 
hourdin,  esq. 

At  Bromley,  Middlesex,  a)^  51,  Mr.  John  An- 
drew Wallace,  surgeon.  Verdict— That  the  de- 
ceased died  from  the  effects  of  a  dose  of  pruasic 
acid,  but  whether  taken  medicinally  as  a  sedatlre, 
or  in  what  way  administered,  there  wtu:  no  satis- 
factory c^idence  to  show. 

S^pt.  0.  Chafles  Thelwall  Abliott,  esq.  late  of 
New-inn,  and  Walton- on -Thame**,  Surrey. 

At  lyeicester,  aged  AS,  BenJ .  Brookhouse,  esq. 

Aged  56,  at  Ipswich,  Joshua  Bryant,  gent,  of 
Bawdsey,  Suffolk. 

At  Buxton,  Jane  Dunson,  of  Ashby-de-la-2^ach, 
eldest  dan.  of  the  late  Geo.  Danson,  esq.  of  Lane. 

At  Blandford,  aged  72,  Mrs.  Ann  Fish. 

At  Uphall  lianor-house,  liillington,  aged  74, 
Anna  Martin  Browne  Ffolkcs,  only  surviving  dau. 
of  tlie  late  Sir  Martin  Browne  Ffolkes,  Bart. 

At  Southsea,  aged  78,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  Charles 
Gordon,  esq.  of  Fyvie  Castle,  Aberdeenshire. 

At  K<linburgh,  James  Martin,  esq.  Deputy  Clerk 
of  Session. 

At  Woolhampton,  BerkNhire,  aged  40,  Arthur 
Edward  Somerset,  esq.  of  the  Inner  Temple, 
younger  son  of  the  late  Lord  Arthur  Somerset. 
He  married  in  18.'>0  Frances,  'id  dau.  of  the  late 
Hon.  and  Ucv.  John  Kvclyu  Boscawen,  and  had 
i>8uc  a  dau.  born  in  1851. 

At  Bishop's  Stortford,  agod  41,  David  Unwin, 
esii.  M.D.  of  Ambcgamoa. 


Bept.  10.  At  Christiana,  whither  he  had  gone 
to  collect  data  for  his  new  Continental  Guide,  Mr. 
George  Bradsbaw,  of  Manchester,  author  of  the 
Railway  Guide.  He  died  from  cholera,  after  lU 
hours'  illness. 

At  Norwood,  Mary,  eldest  dan.  of  the  Rer. 
Charles  Champnes,  Minor  Canon  of  Wlndaor. 

At  Colney  Hatch,  at  the  house  of  her  9on-in-]«w 
the  Rev.  Henry  Murray,  Louisa,  wife  of  ttie  kt» 
late  Col.  Denty,  H.E.I.C.S.,  late  of  Exeter. 

At  Stoke  by  Naylaud,  Essex,  whilo  bathing,  aged 
19,  Edwanl  Mark,  son  of  Capt.  Dickeus,  R.N. 

At  Sunderland,  aged  24,  John  Peter  Folulfl- 
wicz.  He  was  one  of  the  Pollsh-Hongarian  Refti- 
gees  who  came  to  this  district  in  Mi^,  1851. 
He  was  a  native  of  Lembcrg,  Qallkda  (where  lita 
father  is  governor  of  the  Custom-house),  and  by 
profession  a  draughtsman  and  land-.^urveyor,  in 
in  which  capacity  he  has  honourably  sosteined 
himself  during  his  residence  in  Sunderland.  With 
several  hundreds  of  patriotic  Polish  youths,  he  tall 
Gallida,  and  entered  as  a  volunteer  in  the  HtB- 
garian  army  of  independence.  Ffom  the  battle  of 
Kapolna  to  the  flght  at  Temesvar  (where  hit  oon- 
duct  was  rewarded  with  an  officer's  commiarioo), 
he  was  in  constant  service. 

Aged  32,  (Hiarles  Lodwiek  Grant,  esq.  Utt  of 
Brussels. 

Stpt.  10.  Aged  84,  Mary,  wife  of  C.  Wentworth 
Dilke,  esq.  and  daughter  of  Capt.  William  Chat- 
fleld. 

Sept.  20.  At  Hastings,  Mrs.  Brooke,  the  wUl  of 
Mr.  W.  H.  Brooke  the  well-known  artist. 

Lately.  At  Islington  (and  was  buried  at  St. 
Peter's,  Walworth)  of  discas^e  of  the  heart,  after  a 
few  days'  illness,  in  the  eighteenth  year  of  his  age, 
William  Hardiman,  son  of  Wm.  Bardwell,  eaq. 
architect,  of  Great  (iuoen-strcet,  Weetmlnster. 


TABLE  OF  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OF  LONDON. 
(From  the  Relurnt  ittued  by  ike  Regitirar- General,) 


Deaths  Registered 

Week 

ending 

I 

Saturday, 

Under' 

15  to 

60  and 

Age  not  1  ToUl. 

Males. 

Females. 

A'S) 

27  . 

15. 

(JO. 
315 

upwards. 
187 

specified. 

t 

1 
1021 

S 

• 

Aug. 

518  '■ 

1 

1 

514 

507 

I486 

Sept. 

3  . 

520  ' 

317 

191 

1        :    1029 

518 

511 

1582 

»f 

10  . 

521  1 

323 

163 

15       1    1022 

523 

499 

1669 

f  1 

17  . 

f     453 

316 

174 

4 

1 

947 

477 

470 

1506 

AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  Sept.  23. 

Peat. 
«.    d, 

39    8 

PRICE  OF  HOPS,  Sept.  26. 
Sussex  Pockets,  8/.  Se.  to  9/.  Ot.^Kent  Pockets,  5/.  5«.  to  10/.  10«. 


^heat. 

Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

Beans. 

«.    d. 

*.    d. 

«.    d. 

«.    d. 

«.    d. 

56     7 

34     9 

20     0* 

35     7 

41     9 

PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  Sept.  26, 

Hay,  4/.  0«.  to  5/.  5«.— Straw,  1/.  8«.  to  1/.  16f.^CloTer,  4/.  16#.  to  5/.  15«. 

SMITHFIELD,  Sept.  26.    To  sink  the  Offal^per  stone  of  81bi. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Sept.  26. 


Beef 3#.    Orf.  to  4t. 

2d.  to  5«. 


Mutton 3«.    2d,tob»,    2d, 

Veal 3*.    6d.  to  b8,    Od, 

troTH •...  ,.••  ••  **  «•  «)•  • 


Beasts 2,654    CaWea  250 

Sheep  and  Lambs  26,450   Pigs      380 
4</.  to  5«.    Od, 

COAL  MARKET,  Sept.  23. 
Walls  Ends,  &c.  19«.  Bd.  to  29«.  Od.  per  ton.    OWktx  vyil%>\%i.^d.\A*i:u«^4^ 
TALLOW,  per  cwt.~Town  TaUow,  ^^.  ^i«    Xii^^  lljuMai  »^<8^.^^ 


432 
METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.CARY,  Strand. 
From  AMfuit  M,  lo  Sfltmbtr  83,  >BU,  Mk  Imehuhe. 
Fahieiiheit't  Therm.  .  Fkhrenbeit'i  llienii. 

Wwther.    l|J("6  -%  I    , 


^fl 

Ss, 

'as] 

w  1 

S8 

31 

ai 

■  1 

X    . 


GO 

65 

57  89 

Pt».                                        S«Bt.       '     '      ' 

«7    rmio                   ll[     56     «5 

'    in 
57  M 

pts.'i 

91  '  taar.  r-ir 

m  '  61 

03 

39   do.  cHr-  fiir     U  :  57     68 

55 

99lelo>idr,do. 

jS      6J 

53 

66    fr.cldj.ihwr».  1   13     56  ,  61 

53  30 

08  !'rem,  cloodr 

A3  , 

96    do.  do.            '   14     50     66 

57 

04   doodr,  fair 

WJ  ,  (i- 

56 

79   do.  do.  do.        IS     56     61 

55  89 

99  .  do.  ralD 

Qi   1  66 

56  1 

86    do.  (bower<   i    16     5S     61 

59 

06  ,;rmn,  cloudy 

B7 

03 

56 

B5   coDiUnt  rain  1   17  1  59     70 

57   30 

02  I.Wr,  do. 

H 

5« 

50  1 

77    bMTjdo.       , 

le  ■  57     68 

54 

15  i  do.  do. 

53 

55  |30 

lliltair,  cUnd*    ' 

19  ,  56     67 

55 

81  1  do.  do. 

H 

65 

55   29 

M   do.  do. 

80     55     61 

52 

07   cloudy 

58 

67 

53   30 

35, 

do.  do. 

81  '54     fti 

53  £9 

95  :  do.  Ur 

56 

e? 

53  ' 

29 

do.  do. 

88     56     77 

58  ' 

86    Mr,  nda 

56 

6<) 

55[ 

11 

cWdy.  fur    , 

83 '56     60 

53 

77  I'eloody 

56 

6;^ 

55   89,M 

do.  rda         ' 

H;  49     61 

45 

71  j  rr.OT.b;.r.tbr. 

56 

61 

57 

89 

ddj.hTJ.™io 

85  '  53     63 

50  . 

13  llh7.1hj.hLw4. 

56     61 

57  ■ 

76 

foggl.  Wr 

'' 

DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS. 

1^ 
1 

29 

1 

1 

Ei.  BilU, 
jCIOOO. 



99 

9Bt    lOU 257    - 

9B      lOlJ 256    - 

2  pm. 

30 

9Hi 

Idii.    2pm. 

31S2Bi 

99 

98      lOU    5( 

2  pm.  1  di.. 

I22B 

981 

97i   101     6     U5I256   - 

2di..    1pm. 

2  MB 

3 

07      100}   51  115   1315pm 

9-       1001    'I 

1  pm.  2  di.. 

5227i 

97     100} 256 

3  pm. 

27^1?^: 

6  227 

91J 

97      lOOi   6 

0  pm. 

3  dii.     pu-. 

72271 

9S 

9J      iqUI   5t 25411013pn' 

2difc     J»r. 

8227 

97i 

96i  ,100     51    115   25G 

2  pm. 

2i«.     pw. 

9 

96JilO0' ; 10    7pm 

2di..     pir. 

10' 

att. 

pw.    2di.. 

12' 

96f  1— i—  ~  —  2541  pw:  5  pu. 

Sdi..     p«. 

u: — 

5  pm 

3du.     pu. 

"; — 

13==-==- 

3  di«.     par. 

IS, 

1pm 

3  di..     ptr. 

16' 

17, 



9i»  ' 253   2<Ii..<pm 

951 250 — 

6      H  dil. 
3di.. 

fc 

= 

&1==I 

95*   , 

—  1141253 

Spm. 

7      3  di*. 
7      3  dis. 

ail— 

—  1141251  'pnr.Spm 

B      3  di>. 

22 

9-11 2dii.;lpni 

9l| 250   3di«.p«r 

7      B  di.. 

23, 

5     10  dii. 

24' 

m 245  : 

:.  dis. 

1.^       B  dii. 

26 

924 240  :- 

16     10  di.. 

27 

-^ 



92 

, 

240  ! 

4diB. 

15     10  dif. 

J.  J.  ARNULL,  Stock  and  Share  Broker, 

3,  Copthall  Chamber.,  Angel  Court, 

Throgmorton  Street,  London. 


t,  M,  NICHOLS  AFP  ■' 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 

UlSTOllICAL   REVIEW. 

NOVEMBER  1S53. 


MEIOR  CORRESPONDENCE.  — TliB  "Lapbi  mail 


iS  Charch— Th«  1 


It  Wait  Brtdgford  -~  TTHtmaiil  of 


Sir  Walter  RMeigh  at  Sherborne 

The  Piritb  Girh  a  Poem 

Colela;  and  llie  Edgcnmbw  of  the  Olden  Time:   by  Mri.  Bniy 

The  An aaU  cf  Appetite — Sojer'i  Pantropbeon 

Hottt  on  Mrdietsl  Art  in  France  and  Germany  :  bj  J.  0.  Waller 

Remarki  oo  the  "  White  Horte"  of  Saiony  and  Brnniwicli :  by  Stephen  Martin 
Leake.  Etq.  Garter 

The  Campaign!  of  IT93-179&  in  Planden  and  Holland 

COBBESPONDENCE  OF  STLVANUS  tJRBAM.— CoDurU'  FoM  and  Lawrcn'  BlUi-Shopt 
In  WutmlDiIEr  Kall-Ths  FamllfaC  Fhtppa— Hr.  John  KnlU  oT  at  Ith— Antlqollf  ef 
Iho  myileitooi  word  "  WlieeJle" 

H0TE3  OF  TOE  )IOHTH.~^Han  tlom  tlw  Arctic  K^loni  and  Dtfooreir  ol  the  Nonli-WeM 
Paiiaga— Eipi:dltliin  to  the  Inurlor  at  Aulnlla— FrapoMd  MMUnil  Otnenatarr  al  Mot- 
Hnittiaai— K«*  Ltbrarr  at  UrerTK»1— Lllerary  P«»lan>~t(ew  Vanioai  ot  iba  Sacnd 
Scilptiuw— HurrBd'i  Norfblli  Glaantaipi^Aiilognph  Ccnliiiriaa  ot  BalthatM  Oarard— 


>  DeacflptlTa  CatalDna  ol  th« 
Uom  Eivpt,  BaiMia,  and  Be 
tnTciwAln:  toHUnlcal 


andUtaniiT  AModaDonii  MAThmOuMn  and  Laaeadiln  HWnical OrUmw,  UT. 
W.  BarlDT— Memoir  ef  Dr.  Cbartet  ffalMH',  br  One*  WeUler— FtUoA  HMon  sT  tiM 
PnilBitantitnpraaee,UI;  Yonga't  traoilatlen  of  Tha  Urea  and  OgiBlaB  of  bolawt 

FUloa>iriMrt.tirDleiEaMiLaeraH,mi  Hairaionia'»T»««l "  ■"         "" 

•-■ ■  " — •—•    -~-  - b  Ob  tba  LcHHU  h 

-'>  PrtBdpIu    ' 


■aSutSt 


al  Orardi  O 


hsnb  ^  EoglHid^Barbert^  Sacnd 


Mry  Fmen,  4M  i  Tba  tout  tH  9olaB«B  Oanriatad  lau>  XuUA  Van*— 
I*  and  Eapmdltiijre— UUnePi  HMoijr  of  EiulaDd--HTnini  fsr  InvaUd*— 
u  et  Hidame  Palli^— ImIkI,  or  InioeDca.  tST :  Emny  Orer— Fern  Laini 

DrtMta^JaneVi  Ad<eiilam  in  Aoatnlla,  1UV-S — Froiieaiil  to  ooliltih  a 
XlHloaarj'Callctewilbe  Hottta-Weit  Ooaa  at  Brlljib  Amertca,  br  the  Bar.  C.  O.  KIcolaT 


ftlcal  m 


I    Anhmloaica] 
Tine.MSi  Wtlt 


-Tyne.MSi      „- . 

~  ArchiKil<i|rieal   and    Maniral 
Kanual  Hlatery,  SISi  Eaai 


ArdlBologleai'Soiietr— Ba»n  Bnrtal -place  neat  Sallflrai 

IIIBTORICAL  CHRONICLE.— FsfelgD  Net.  slfii  DanMtlc  0«nn«DU>    

PnmiMlnni  and  PtetamienU,  SID!  Blrtlu  and  ManiiiR?! 

OBITOABYi  Mill  UmMln  of  Earl  BnnrnloK  i  Lord  SnBteldi  Lord  AndawiOi  Rt.  Hn. 

air  Fraderte"     ■ "  ..--.--.-.--.--     -._..... _  _. 

Sir  W,  C.  I 


M 


ClOOT  Dkxuhi    

t>aiTB9,  arranged  in  Chronoloeloil  Order 

Reglilrar-tJeneral'i  ttatnnu  of  HortaUIr 

IMmT— Dailj  Prteeot  "— "- 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


M».  Ubb*»,— The  it 


n  the 


iwer  It  W(sl  Bridgford,  Noltj, 
reprcHnled  id  p.  337  of  jour  lail  Maga- 
line,  "  Lapii  iJjutorii,"  ma)  be  found  in 
(lie  Litia  VulgBt«  Bt  1  Gamnel  tiL  IS. 
iliTiog  beeD  Bccuilomcd  fram  earlji  jeara 
I   Bible  wilh  marginal       ' 


informed  Ui>t  he  ni*  deueoded  from  the 
Jenoura  of  Much  Dunmo*  in  Eaeex,  of 
which  fsmil;  he  «aa  at  one  time  the  almoit 
onljr  repreaenlatiie.  His  father  Jochu 
RU  the  ion  of  Afatthew  Jenaur,  who  «U 
a  liDeal  deaceodanl  of  Robert  Jcnoure, 
nephew  to  gtr  Kenelme  the  finl  Bvxinet, 


■' alone  of  help"  HBi  familiar  to  mf  mind,  created   Jalf    30,    162H.       He     (Robert) 

10  thai  on  reading  jont  article  it  initantly  married  Roae  Berington,  d«ugliter  of  Cap- 

occurred  tn  me  that  probablr  the  "  Ebe-  Iain  Berinitlon.     My  father  married  Utr- 

Deier"  of  the  ■nthoriied  Itnaiistlon  wla  riett,  third  daughter  oF  Robert  Andreva 

the  aought-for  quotation,  which  proTcr  to  of  Auberies  in   Easei,   eiq.  b;  whom   h« 

be  the  caie.     Might  not  the  alone  be  ori-  bad  eleven  cliildren,  fire  of  whom,   tliree 

ginallf  placed  in  ita  preaenl  paaition  to  soni  and  two  daughtera,  (arriie  him,  Hr. 
—                 "       "    a  ioterral  or  diflicnitj 


in  the  building  of  lh«  tower, 

to  Somuel'bFiclamitioD,  '-/fiMFrfo  bntb 

the  Lord  helped  ni."  ?  — Youra,  &c. 

Meolpilliir,  Btlh,       K.  L.  Fentdn. 

Mb,  Ubbav,— a  launteron  the  cliff  at 
Folkoitane,  after  n  iqueamuh  pasiage, 
brought  mo  in  doc  time  to  the  oliurch 
porch.     Mr.  TilBn'i  guide-book  informi 


labeeni 


tnllT  r. 


a  record  >  clercr 
oontrirance  for  concealing  a  monumental 
brau  on  the  north  wall  of  the  chancel, 
the  credit  of  nhich  ia.  a<  1  am  informed, 
enlrrelf  duetoLordlUdoor'abteward,  Mr. 
Hinton,  and  It  waa  donbtlen 


Matthew  Jenonr  wu  m;  fother'a  nnctp,  and 
left  him  the  greater  part  of  hia  proptTl^, 
which  mijr  have  led  to  the  miitikc  abotc 
noticed.         Youra,  &c. 

KUIiifard  Bnloiy.  A.  Jkxoiik. 

Mr.  Hunter  hu  remarked,  in  liii  Uliu- 
trationt  of  Shalieipeare.  vet.  1.  p.  ISZ, 
that  the  dongcroui  navigMion  of  the  eoiat 
of  Bermuda  "  fumi^ed  quite  a  common* 
place  topic  (o  the  Engliih  poeta  and  no- 
Tcliits  of  thoic  limea,  to  familiar  wa*  tt." 
We  are  not  aware,  however,  whether  the 
followlngverrremarkable  pauige  of  GaM^ 
West  Indiet,  written  ahoat  163S.  (to  wbiob 
S.  H.  has  directed  oar  aiteoiion,)  hai  been 
noticed  amidst  the  mau  of  comiucntarW 


nioion,ana  it  woauonouen  none  wiioine  a.    .  «_  ,;. 


of  ill  heing  purloined.  Under  hia  direc- 
tioni  it  hat  been  ouriouBly  and  carefully 
catered  wilh  a  thick  coat  of  atone'Coloured 
waah  or  paint.  It  Gommemanitei,  ai  I 
underBland,  one  of  the  f.imilf  of  Philtpot, 
but  it.of  courte,  illegible.  A  muni  atone, 
recording  the  dccraBC  of  one  of  a  fumilf 
of  Reade,  agalait  the  lontb  wall  of  tbe 
eh  an  eel,  it  coated  over  in  a  limilir  manner. 
It  would  appear,  honeier,  that  the  origi. 
oalitj  of  Ihia  idea  la.  after  all,  not  enlirelj 
due  to  Mr.  Uioloo.  Againct  the  north 
wall  uf  tbe  north  aiile  or  tranaept  there  is 
•  monumental  ilBbtoone  William  llogben, 
well  covered  with  a  thick  coating  of  limp- 
bluck,  and  which  wu  prrpetraled,  u  I 
undeiiund.  anterior  to  the  late  "ranova- 
tiona."  a*  ihei  are  called,  of  ihia  i^harch. 
Youri.  ac.  L. 
Mr.   Um*k,~Mi 


the  paiBage  to  Spain 
'■The  beat  of  our  pflola,  not  kuowing 
where  Ihej  were,  had  tike  to  have  b«{rafv3 
na  to  the  rocks  of  Btrrmuda.  bad  tiotUw 
breaking  of  tbe  dajr  given  as  tramlif  that 
we  were  running  upon  them.  For  wbieb 
theSpaoiarde.iuBtcadofgiilngGtid  th*Bk« 
for  their  delivery  out  of  that  danger,  be^an 
again  to  curse  and  rage  against  fA(  IlKfhth 
u-AJcA  in^eiffed  iAal  Ulmd.  ujiag  that 
the;  tad  ttvilchid  thai  and  Mr  ml  «/ 
fhoM  iilandi  aiaat.  and  did  ttiU  vUh  lAt 
dMI  BAtm  tTonxa  in  li«n  not  mkm 


-Air   at 
?cled  lo 


the  Proelamalian  of  ilanwe 
II.  (Feb.  10,  I6«S),  in  the  MarkA-plaoe 
luruii        *'  "romlej,  by  the  Sheriff  o(  Kmt,  the 
l_  commander  of  the  KlBlub  troop,  two  of 

the  King's  trumpets,  aud  Dtbar  o&ecr*. 
having  they  drank  the  Kiog'a  health  in  a  fliat 
been  recanllv  iXrected  lo  the  obitaary  of  glass  of  a  yard  long."  A  camcpoodent 
my  foiher,  the  Ute  Mr.  Jcahni  Jcnoar,  of  "The  Cheshire  and  Unsnblr*  Hi*< 
which  appeared  in  tbe  Gcnileman's  Ma-  lorlnal  C'ollectur  "  state)  that  soma  yeara 
guine  for  March  Ust,  I  beg  to  be  allowed  ago  be  saw  suipended  to  Ihe  ceiling  of  an 
to  cornvt  one  or  two  ituccnrsciea  cim-  old  Cheshire  cottage,  a  glau  lube,  about 
tained  In  It.  My  father  waa  llie  eldest  Bun  a  ;anl  in  length,  and  of  about  an  locb  or 
of  Joshua  (not  Mallbew)  Jenonr,  and  waa  an  inch  and  a  half  In  diameter.  Ibr  l)u 
born,  as  appeara  by  the  regliKT  fn  Si.  freater  porlloa  of  Its  tength,  and  t«nnl- 
Dunaua'a  Chnrcb,  July  SI,  1730.  Con-  natlng  in  ■  bulb  at  the  end.  On  Inquiry 
aeauenlly  at  tbe  time  nf  hii  death  he  waa  be  was  told  that  it  wu  an  aie  yaril,  aod 
InhisSStb  year,  not  hit  l[>3d  as  staled  Id  thai  ale  «*a  formerly  aotd  by  (hia  mcaanta. 
the  obituary.     He  was  never  in  buiinria.      He    joqulrca  whether   anv  other   DolieM 

It  sMf  tnlamt  xmi  of  jmu  ttsiden  to  ba     h«n  bea  obaarrad  of  aacb  t  tmmI  I 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 

HISTORICAL   REVIEW. 


SIR  WA.LTER  RA.LEIGU  AT  SHERBORNE. 


THE  Ttegolinlions  for  R&leigh's  ac- 
ijuiaiwn  of  Slierborne,  in  Dorsetshire, 
uiny  be  cunaiderod  aa  avoiding  some 
expknation  of  the  mjster;  wTiieh 
eurrounds  those  traniaotions  between 
Queen  Elizabeth  and  her  faTorites, 
whicli  si>  nflen  ended  in  the  hopeless 
iodebtednesa  of  the  tourliGr.  Terms 
hud  to  be  made  on  all  sides  with  parties 
posseesing  iaterestSi  the  most  direct  and 
indirect ;  and  the  bargain  iras  con- 
cluded on  the  assumption  that  no  ad- 
vantAoes  would  be  afterwards  taken  to 
Ket  nd  of  the  conditions  imposed, 
Tlius  Hutchins  records  thnt  the  See  of 
Salisbary  was  twice  kept  vacant  for 
some  years,  till  Elizabeth  could  find 
some  one  who  would  comply  with  Sir 
Wnlter  Halcigfa's  terms:  *  and  in  the 
intereitingcontributionsof  "New  Mft- 
lerials  for  a  Life  of  Sir  Walter  Kn- 
letgh,"  mpplied  to  the  ArcInDologin  of 
last  year  hf  Mr.  Collier,  a  copy  h  given 
of  the  Queen's  veir  peremptory  retter 
to  the  dean  and  chapter  of  Salisbury 
respecting  this  grant.  Sir  John  Har- 
rinston's  cariooB  stateioent  of  theaflkir, 
and  of  the  aingolar  warning  the  suc- 
cessful courtier  is  said  to  have  met 
with — which  bis  brother  wished  to  in- 
terpret after  the  Conqueror's  prece- 
deiTt — has  been  so  sligatly  noticed  by 
Raleigh's  biographers  thnt  it  may  well 


Itw 


nwhen 


Ralcigli  wa£  in  prison  for  the  Arabella 
Stuart  plot. 

How  Dr.  John  CoMweU  oF  ■  phyiicjin 
becuue  a  Bishop  I  bsre  hearil  by  more 
than  ■  good  maay,  anil  I  oill  briefly 
handle  it  ■<  tendFrly  as  I  eta,  beating 
myielf  eqiul  belwiea  tbc  liviog  (Rilclgb) 


and  Ihe  doad  (ColJwell) Andtoj 

apfok  first  of  the  knight,  who  eiriicd  off  . 
the  upclia  apinia  of  thii  bishopric.  Hfli 
having  gotten  Sherborne  caille,  park,  and 
panaoigt!,  vu  In  Ibose  days  in  so  great 
faiour  wiib  the  Queeu,  as  I  may  boldly 
IB}  thnt,  with  UsB  init  than  he  was  fain 
to  make  to  her,  e'er  he  conlU  perfecl  tUl 
bia  purchase,  sad  with  leu  money  than  \»  -. 
beatawed  tince  la  Sherborne  (in  buildim|i  f 
and  buiing  ont  leases,  and  in  draHiDc  tfit.J 
river  Ibrongh  rocks  into  his  garden),  I 
might  very  justly,  an  J  without  i  " 
eilber  cborch  or  slate,  bate  coi 
mncb  better  pDrcbase.  Also,  i 
been  iarormed,  he  liad  a  |ireugr  berora  h 
fint  attempted  it,  which  did  foreihew  ll 
would  turn  to  his  rain,  and  might  ban 
kept  him  from  meddling  with  it,— linen 
non  lata  fiatttt.  For,  ai  he  wsi  riding  j 
post  betneen  Plymoalb  and  the  Court  (41 
inany  times  he  did  upon  uo  small  emploj- 
menli),  this  castle  beiag  right  in  lbs  way, 
he  cast  tucb  an  eye  upon  it  as  Ahab  ditl  1 
upon  Nabolb's  rioejard.  And,  once  aba*p 
the  rest,  beiug  talking  of  it  (ibe  commv- 
dioumeii  of  the  place,  and  of  tbe  great 
itrrngth  of  the  seat,  and  how  eutly  it 
roiglit  be  got  from  the  bi^ho prick),  snd- 
Jenly  over  and  over  came  hii  hone,  that 
bia  very  face  [obich  was  then  tbonght  a 
very  good  one)  plowed  up  tbe  earth  when 
he  fell.  This  Ml  was  oaiinooa.  and  I 
make  no  question  himself  was  apt  to  ooa- 
stroe  it  so.  Bat  his  bioiber  would  oeeda 
have  him  interpret  it  oi  a  conqueror,  t 
his  fsU  presaged  the  quiet  posacsEJanDl 
And  acoordinglj  fur  the  preacnc  it  so  ft 

blind  a>  not  to  see,  and  lay,  Digilut  H 

1'fae  course  of  proceedine  seems  tf^l 
have  been  this ; — Bishop  Cddwell  wif  J 
induced  to  grant  Sherbwiie  (with ol' 


436 


Sir  Wakey  Raleigh  at  Sherborne, 


[Nov. 


miinors)  to  Queen  Elizabeth  io  the 
year  1592  [1591?]  for  the  period  of 
99  jeans  and  thereupon  the  Queen 
conveyed  it  to  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  for 
the  same  term.  This,  we  may  suppose, 
did  not  perfectly  satisfy  lUleigh,  as  the 
lands  were  in  1598  re-conreyed  to  the 
bishop,  the  bishop  again  conveyed  them 
to  the  Queen,  but  this  time  in  fee — and 
the  Queen  then  conveyed  them  in  fee 
to  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  and  John  Fitz- 
James ;  the  latter  being  probably  a 
party  to  the  legal  transactions  only, 
and  not  interested  in  the  affair. 

Raleigh  being  settled  ut  Sherborne, 
we  have  to  adduce  some  hitherto  un- 
known particulars  in  respect  of  his  re- 
ludence  there.  In  Mr.  Collier  s  third 
communication  of  **  New  Materials,*' 
&c.  before  referred  to,  is  given,  under 
the  date  of  September  1592,  Raleigh*s 
appointment  of  John  Meerc,  *^  as  my 
man,  to  take,  cutt,  and  cary  away,  or 
cause  to  be  cutt  downe,  &c.  all  such 
maner  of  trees  growing  in  my  manor 
of  Sherborne,  &c.  when  he  shall  think 
convenient,  to  be  imployed  to  my  ne- 
ccssarie  use  in  my  castell  of  Sherborne, 
as  to  hym  I  have  gyvcn  direction ; 
whom  I  have  appointed  as  well  keeper 
of  the  same  castell,  and  to  demand  and 
keepe  the  kaycs  of  the  same."  He  was 
also  to  be  overseer  of  the  woods  and 
game,  and  to  receive  knowledge  money 
nrom  the  tenants  to  Sir  Walter's  use. 
Mr.  Collier  says  that  Sir  Walter  "  after- 
wards had  violent  legal  disputes  "  with 
this  steward ;  and  subsequently  (as- 
signing it  to  the  year  1596)  gives  a 
letter  from  Raleigh  to  Lord  Cobham, 
in  the  postscript  of  which  is  a  distinct 
reference  to  such  disputes,  which  must 
even  then  have  been  more  than  a  year 


in  progress,  unless  some  temporary 
agreement  or  other  settlement  had  been 
come  to.*  And  in  the  "  Concluaion  of 
New  Materiids,''&c.  Mr.  Collier  notices 
the  petition  presented  by  Meere  pray- 
ing that  Raleigh  should  be  compelled 
to  answer  his  complaint,  and  refers  to 
the  proceedings  upon  which  the  sub- 
sequent remarks  are  founded.  But 
this  is  all  that  has  yet  appeared  in  re- 
ference to  these  troubles  of  Sir  Walter ; 
none  of  his  biographers  have  alluded  to 
the  quarrels  with  Mecre,  and  no  details 
of  them  have  yet  been  given.  That 
those  disputes  were  not  matters  of  tri- 
fling import,  but  rose  somewhat  aboTC 
the  character  of  squabbles  between 
master  and  man,  we  have  now  the  op- 
portunity of  showing. 

Our  new  particulars  do  not  howerer 
consist  of  proceedings  taken  by  Raleigh 
to  keep  **his  man*"  to  the  terms  of  his 
appointment,  to  compel  him  to  perform 
his  duty  and  fulfil  the  trust  committed 
to  him,  or  to  punish  him  for  not  so 
doing ;  but  of  proceedings  in  which  the 
positions  we  should  at  first  assign  to 
the  parties  are  reversed, — Meere   is 

Elaintiff,  and  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  his 
alf-brother  Adrian  Gilbert,  and  their 
friends,  are  defendants.  But,  besides 
the  proceedings  previously  alluded  to, 
where  Meere  was  also  plaintiff,  there 
can  be  little  doubt  that  Raleigh  had 
been  complainant,  and  that  both  parties 
had,  in  fact,  done  all  that  in  law  they 
could.  Raleigh  had  not,  however,  been 
able  legally  to  oust  Meere,  and  the 
latter  now  appeals  to  a  court  of  equity 
against  the  other  means  he  had  adopted 
to  effect  that  object.t 

At  the  latter  part  of  the  year  1601, 
when  the  queen  had  just  returned  from 


sen 


*  Raleigh  Bailed  for  the  Guiana  expedition  early  in  the  spring  of  1595.  The  pott- 
ript  thus  commences  . — "  My  Lord  Viscount  hath  so  exalted  Meere 's  sutes  against  me 
in  my  absence,  as  neather  Mr.  Serjeant  Heale,  nor  any  one  else,  could  be  heard  for 
me  to  stay  triolls,  while  1  was  out  of  the  land  in  her  Majestie's  service,  a  right  and 
curtesy  afforded  to  every  begger ; "  and  he  abuses  the  chief  justice  for  "  yielding  to 
try  actions  agaynst  me,  being  out  of  the  lande.**  This  postscript  is  also  given  in  the 
Appendix  to  Mrs.  Thomson's  Memoirs  of  Raleigh,  but  incorrectly.  In  the  begin- 
ning a  very  singular  and  material  error  occurs.  Raleigh  is  made  to  say,  "  My  Lord 
Viscount  Cecyl  hath,"  &c.  ;  Mr.  Collicr*s  rersion  (which  we  follow)  gircs  no  name. 
It  would  be  "  Byndon,"  if  any. 
t  There  is  another  letter  to  Lord  Cobham,  given  by  Mrs.  Thomson  (Appendix, 

note  D.)  as  an  eTidence  of  their  familiar  intercourse,  in  which  Raleigh  says,  " 

I  hope  y  Lordship  will  be  here  to-morrow  or  on  Saturday,  or  else  my  wife  says  her 
oysters  will  be  all  spilt  and  her  partridge  stale.  If  your  Lordship  cannot  come 
Friday,  I  will  wait  on  you  where  you  are.  I  pray  send  me  word  if  you  go  to  Lyme 
or  Melplashe,  that  I  may  attend  you,  for  a  Friday  I  shal  dispatch  my  busyness  with  the 
justices  here,  for  about  those  rogges  the  Meen ,  whereof  the  elder  hath  been  at  court  to 


Sir  Wahtr  RaUigk  at  Sherborne. 

of   and   otbemiie   M-J 
iWll,  m 
mcnCi,  Ijbertici,  ffranaclieses,  aad  hereditvfj 
mrnlei,  nitU  Iheir  ippartenEncea  nlul 

tier,  withiD  the  hundred  of  Sberbome 

Yeatmitter,  ia  itaur  highneu  isid  couotf 
of  Donel,  Ule  parcell  of  Ihe  posaetiiooa  of 
the  bjrahoprfciiE  of  Saruai,  uiiB  by  your 
higbnci  of  ;oiir  Majeitira  seciutomeil 
rajnl  bonnty  beitowsd  upon  the  slid  S' 
Walter  Rilegh,  during  n''  Ijme  jottl 
Hid  aubject  did  with  great  earn  and  dUi> 
gsncB  pertarme  tbe  trust  reposed  in  jau 
said  labject  b;  the  uid  8'  Walter  Ralqjlf ! 
irboe  in  ret^nrd  thereof  promiud  to  foar 
■aid  sabjeotmuifbenefjtloand  rei 
And  whereaa  jrour  eaid  labjerC  was  law. 
fulli  Mixed,  in  fee.  of  a.  mosuage  or  tene- 
ment  bj  bim  lately  buylded,  to  bia  chtrEM 
of  a  thouiand  markei,  ilanding  neere  onto 
tbo  eaid.iuatell  or  boun  of  (ho  mid  S' 
Walter  Ralegh.-t-  And  nberesa  four  said 
subject  vBi  poueiaed  of  the  office  of  the 
bayliwick  of  Sherborne,  w'*  your  aald 
lubjcct  bad  by  grsnnt  froin  the  said  S' 
WalUr  Ralegh  for  fyftie  rtares.  yf  he,  yi^ur 
■aid  aubject,  ao  longe  abold  lyvs,  and  waa 
aljaoe  poaieaied  of  a  lease  of  three  copy- 
hold tenementei,  late  graunled  to  your 
raid  lubicct  and  two  of  hia  aonati  joynlly 
for  teiroie  of  threeEcore  jeares  \a  re>er- 
don,  lyinge  iii  Sberborne,  late  in  the  orcu- 
pscion  of  Joane  Leaves,  wydow,  n'^  leue 
of  the  said  copie  holds  tenementee  waa  the 
only  reward  of  worth  thai  youraaid  mbjeet 
had  of  the  aaid  S'  Waller  Ralegb  for  nyne 
or  tenn  yeares  iinploymeat  at  tbe  linat,  to 
his  the  aaid  S'  Waller  lUleghes  great 
bcDcryCt ;  and  your  »i\i  subject  being  m> 
icised  lad  possented  of  all  the  ptemisan 
the  aud  S*  Walter  Ralegh,  koighl,  dyd, 
without  taj  caoao  at  «H  gyreo  nnlo  htm 
by  yoar  aaid  tubjeet,  concriie  great  dii- 
plesBore  agaynit  your  utid  aubject,  and 

complain,  and  brought  my  Lord  Tbomui  lo  M'.  Seer,  to  deal  for  bim  ;  tbe  younger 
[Mcers]  M'.  Sec',  hath  now  sent  for  by  pursuiiant,  and  if  il  had  not  been  to  bare  sent 
for  information  agninat  bim  I  hud  been  nith  your  if.  Ibis  morning, "     Il  hai  no  date. 

•  There  are  se?pral  noticea  of  indifiduala  of  tbe  nameof  "  Mere"  in  Hntchina.  It 
waa  douhtlesi  a  local  name,  orginstiug  In  the  piece  of  water  or  "  mere"  formed  by  tbe 
rirerYeo,  just  before  it  reached  Sherborne.  Ilutohins  (UisC.  Dorset,  i v.  p.  13li)  atya, 
"There  was  ■  bmily  i-alled  Mere  seated  at  Castleloo,  1547 — 1637,"  to  which  IherB 
need  be  no  faeaitatJOD  in  asaigning  our  complainant.  In  the  obarter  of  Ednard  VI, 
(giten  at  p.  141),  eatabliahing  the  grammar-school  at  Sherborne,  and  sppuintiog  gover- 
nors of  the  "  ditcret lores  et  magis  probiorei  bomipca  tiUk."  the  name  of  "  WiUielmni 
Mere,  generosus."  occurs  among  (hem.  John  Mere,  a  monk  of  Sherborne,  nai  «lecWd 
the  last  abbot  of  the  bonsr,  99  January,  ISM,  and  had  a  pension  of  in/,  assigned  him 
at  Ita  anrreodcr  (p.  97).  Among  ihe  list  of  hnritls  are  seteral  indiiiduali  of  the  name. 
At  (ol.  i.  p.  VOT.  ia  a  pedigree  of  "  Meere  of  Cbsldon  Boys."  At  a  lubtequent  part 
of  tbeae  proceeding*  we  ihnll  lind  a  brother  of  the  cooiplaiaant,  one  Henry  Meere,  a 
jnalioc  of  Ihe  peioce  in  8herborDB. 

t  Id  the  Index  to  the  Chancery  Proceedinga  temp.  Elii.  (vol.  i.  p.  317,)  ia  ■  refer' 
eno!  (0  a  aait  by  John  Furlca,  alias  Ellyott,  and  Julian  bta  ink,  againal  Robert  Mayre 
[Merc  ?]  for  claim  under  ■  settlement  and  will  for  a  meunage  and  garden  in  l)ie  town 
of  Sherborne,  laU  the  M(a(«  of  William  Mere,  Iha  trstator. 


proTided      Ie«"o    or    diapoie 

forfacrliylhe  Marquis  of  Winchester     i"^'  Wa   castell, 

at  Baaing,  where  Raleiffh  whs  in   a(-      '"  '•'•"'"-  ' 

tendance  as  Captam  of  toe  Guard,  and 
one  of  his  brothers  was  kni^htc<l,  a  bill 
of  compluiut  wna  presented  lo  tbe 
Court  uf  StRTcbaniber  by  John  Meere, 
"  BavleSe  of  the  liberlie  of  Slierhonie, 
in  the  coantie  of  Dorsett,"  an  uBice 
which  be  alleged  he  held  Xty  grant 
from  Kr  Walter  Raleigh  for  fifty  years. 
It  sets  out  in  tnost  minute  detail,  and 
■t  inonlinate  length,  the  wrongs  he  ba*! 
suffered  inconscquenceof  Sir  Walter's 
attempt!  to  deprive  him  nf  hit  nlHcc ; 
it  affords  tunny  particulars  relating  to 
Raleigh's  property,  ita  value,  and  his 
improremeiiCof  it;  it aupports Mr. Col- 
lier's statement  u  lo  the  time  when 
Raleigh  Cftme  into  itc  possession  ;  and 
it  presents  allo^ethcr  n  good  illustra- 
tion of  country  allnirs  in  which  this 
remarkable  man  was  then  actlTclj  en- 
gaged, and,  according  to  our  com- 
plainant, "  unhandsomely  "  so.*  Meere 
commences  by  a,  statement  of  his  own 
position  in  the  town,  which  he  makes 
out  to  haye  been  no  mean  one,  and  the 
services  he  had  rendered  to  Raleigh. 
To  (he  Queen's  most  ocellent  Mnjeatie. 
In  moste  humble  manner  complayn- 
tnge,  sheweth  iin[D  your  most  raccllent 
Majestie  your  highnes  true,  faythfull,  and 
obedient  aerraol,  John  Meere,  of  Castel- 
towne,  in  or  near«  Sherborae,  in  yonre 
bighnea  county  of  Dorset,  gentleman. 
That  wbenuu  your  said  subject  by  the 
ajiaco  of  nyne  or  tcna  yeares,  or  Ibere- 
idMutrs,  was  imployed  for  Sir  Waller 
""  '  "  '  "ght,  caplayn  of  y 
boyljff  or  offytcr 


4 


438 

purpoaeJ  and  v 


Sir  Walter  Raleigh  at  Shtrborne. 


[N<« 


t  iboat  [0  have  from 
laid  sabjcct,  the  Baid  howBe, 
ofifce,  ind  copp^u  holde  Iiadei).  lod  ir" 
thJE  paq>ciBQ  he  dyd  acquaiat  AdiTAn  Gifl- 
bert  esqnire,  Burnaby  Sawle,  WilUani 
Floyer,  and  John  Sbellprj  i  and  tbey  alio, 
geathcr  dyd  tli«ir  lest  iodeveni  Co  gcU  att 
the  said  Ibiuges  fraai  your  caid  subject, 
>pd  to  duerite  him  of  Ibe  eame,  partly 
andct  prcteuce  of  a  bargayne  add  partly 
b]t  Che  meiiu  and  caUTKa  hereiftet  dia- 
cloied,  nherby  your  »aid  aahject  might 
well  bo  made  nearey  of  holdinge  the  ume. 
And.  Scat,  the  sold  S'  Walter  Ralegh  uied 
dyvcrs  meanei  to  your  said  labjccl  to 
buye  of  bym  all  the  taid  premiitta,  and 
therin  dyd  impottnac  mnch  your  aaid 
bubject,  iDSOmach  aa  your  aaid  labject,  at 
-'  of  the  aaid  S'  Walter  Ralegh, 


sell  u 


intyerlle 


Ijowte,  OITyce.  and  capybolJ  I 
for  ffjTi  hundred  and  ffarty  pauuoea,  ana 
to  eunrsye  liie  tame  coppyehoTd  land  unto 
the  laid  S'  Walter  Rilegh  accordiogly  for 
all  your  labjecta  aaid  eatate,  and  to  pie 
oolslerall  aaauraunce  for  hii  amine*  inlnat 
tbatcin,  so  u  he  might  be  aiaured  foorth- 
with  of  bit  money  for  the  aame  by  inch 
■u«r(yo  s!  nas  tlien  agreed  upon  ;  but  the 
■aid  S'  Walter  Ralegh  irterwaidei  refuted 
to  ittod  to  the  lome  bargayae  at  the  >aid 
(irice,  and  gave  out  in  spcccbei  that  be 
vould  bate  the  aaid  copyebold  landei  onlye 
att  a  propartionahle  rate  of  hit  oinie 
iippoiatmeDt,  but  would  not  deals  far  (he 
aaid  howae  and  oBjce  accOTdingD  to  the 
fyrit  bargay DC  offered  by  your  said  labjecl, 
and  ao  the  apeech  of  bargayne  bracke  of, 
vbearupoa  your  said  gubjcct,  being  detll- 
lute  of  money  Co  furuiab  himwU  Ibr  the 
payment  of  two  liuuiired  and  ffowencore 
poundea  ■"'■  be  stood  iudebled  to  paye, 
dealt  w''  liii  wjiei  freiude*  to  sell  aome 
parte  of  her  lyvinge,  tbsrby  to  lupplye  tbe 
aaid  payment,  W'  the  ratber  he  ouder- 
t^lce  in  hoape  of  tbe  rcoeipt  of  the  aaid 
OyTo  huDdrod  and  Surlye  poundes,  and 
aaiured  tbe  »(«t«  that  be  liad  id  llio  t«id 
copicbold  l^nd  to  ber  nio  in  recompcucc 
tberof.  Noo  ao  yt  yi.  y(  it  like  your 
moiteicclleDtMajeslio,  tbe  aaid  S'Waltcr 
Ratif  h,  petccBimgo  that  your  aaid  £ubj4el 
void  nut  ptite  with  tlie  aaid  copiiybuldc* 
alane.  uofease  ths  (aid  S-  Walter  Ralegh 
had  ttoude  to  llic  >aid  bargaync  (tiered 
upp  one  Edward  Sluideu,  wboe  nai  *  man 
of  tery  light  beUaiiuur,  rune  ant  of  hia 
cuunterye  fur  debt  oud  otber  unhoaeit 
course),  and  uoc  that  bad  gotten  tbe  uid 
Joane  LcatM  with  child  at  leait  leaien 
■eeckn  brfon  any  ipcecb  of  tbe  aaid 
barpjne,   and    tberby    determined    her 


Wydo»W  estate  {wherby  tbe  _ 
the  aaid  copybolde  oogbt  to  ba*a  vumti 
and  dyd  come  to  your  aaid  lubjecl  br 
vertue  of  hia  aaid  lease),  to  pretend  tyteU 
to  the  laid  copychDlde  land  by  coullor 
of  a  liargayne  aupposed  to  hate  becDe 
hetwctoe  them,  B''  waa  the  apeechei  be- 
twecnc  the  said  S'  Walter  Ralegh  and 
your  aaid  aolq'ect,  n''  broke  of  aa  ya  laid, 
and  aeekingc  by  onlawfull  mesnes  (o  gett 
the  coppie  bold  laodee  and  batiwicke  rrom 
your  said  subject  by  noder  coaraea,  and 
knowinge  thai  neytber  he  nor  the  nid 
Edward  Standsn  bad  any  titell  to  tba  tame. 

AnJ  Sir  Walter  conspircJ,  together 
with  Adriui  Gilbert  nnd  others,  and 
iii£lituted  n  suit  ia  Chftncer;  BgaioRt 
tbe  comptuinDiil  and  WiUUni  Leftvei 
Ibr  tht!  aaid  copjhold  land.* 

Tbe  i;om|ilainiu>t  then  explains  hoar, 
»3  baililF  ut  Sherburne,  within  Iha  li- 
berties thereof  be  ought  to  hnve  thii 
esecution  of  wiits  out  of  tbe  court*  mt 
Weatminater,  Ibe  Ha*aj  of  wine,  Itt:. 
and  puDishiaenl  of  ofleudersiantl  to  him 
should  pertain  the  olfioe  of  "croner," 
wid  no  other  oflicer  of  her  UaJcRty 
could  meddle  with  him  theT«.  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh  had  appointed  his  bro> 
ther  Adrian  Gylbcrt  to  b«  tnnst^hle 
of  the  castle  there,  on  office  whkb, 
thuush  Tcry  nticienl,  had  not  been  ez»> 
cuteu  nithjn  the  memor;  of  man ;  •nd 
in  Lent,  in  the4iod;earof  the  Quean'i 
reign,  nben  tbe  complainant,  as  in  dntf 
bound,  had  procUimed  the  Queen'a  pro- 


Adrian  Gilbert,  in  conI«miit  thereof^ 
nod  pretending  that  he  bail  autboritv 
therein,  gave  licence  under  bis  haoa 
and  seal  to-  one  WiUinui  Lumbp.  a 
butcher  in  Sherborne,  to  kill  fleah  ia 
ibc  said  Lent,  in  the*c  words : — 

Know  all  men  by  tbeiae  prewmlea,  that 
1,  Adryin  Gilbert  of  Sheibunw  Curtle, 
and  high  cuDat(bte.  doe  appoynt  William 
idDibi,  baucber,  to  kill  Reah  this  Lent,  in 
the  abnen*  and  ta  the  name  of  S'  Walter 
Ralegh.  Iimgbt,  and  Lord  Warden  at  th* 
Slannaryea  and  Captaync  of  ber  Miqeatia'a 
Garde,  ao  farr  aa  Id  me  lyelh.  and  do*  tut- 
■bur  promise  at  my  letonme  (rum  Loudon 
to  bringa  a  lufBdcnla  guod  and  laafall 
authoielye,  under  hia  hand  and  teata.  that 
Ooc  nlher  p«ion  ihalbs  allowed  is  ibU 
tenae  of  Shcrhnme  to  kill  any  flsah  thia 
Lent  for  the  rtlcife  and  comhirl  of  tb« 
licke  but  the  said  Lambc.    In  ■ittoiw 


r 


1858.] 


Sir  Waller  Raleifh  at  Skerbomt. 


439 


wh«TeofI,thei«idAdrTaii,biTeanbici7bnl  a  slsunder  orbrjbcrj,  or  ells  Che  wu- 

mj  tuad  and  putt  to  toy  »f«l,  thi*  luC  at  rant  Hlbreanid  being  shewed  ahoiild  in 

JannBTj,  1S99.    The  ume   lyccnt  being  g^^^f,  jgrte  lowch  the  uud  S-  Walter 

BMltd  w"  U.1  ««le  of  armM,  and  sub-  Haiegl,,  «berof  your  «aid  aubject  bt  a 

.cj7b«lhrhiin.me(Ai.RrANGiLBB»T).  i^tte^d^d fj™taiquftmtl.iia."    Think- 

And  this  license  itM  directed  to  nil  ing  this  might  not  prove  effectual,  the 

justices,  Etc.  ond  was  acted  upon,  "  to  complatnant  exhibited  a  bill  Id  Chsn- 

the  grecfte  of  jour  said  subject,  whoe  eery,  pmylng  to  be  relieved  from  any 

1..J  „ i„  regard  of  hia  office  to  penalties   in   doing  what   Sir  "f-'-— 

"     "  •  ■       ■  Rile'  '   ' ■     ' 


„      _  r  Walter 

Hiileigh  had  ordered  him  to  do.  And 
at  the  fiiir  of  Sherborne,  on  the  7th  of 
iTuly  in  the  43rd  year  of  her  Majesty's 
reign,  the  coioplainant'a  deputies  who 
were  sent  to  search  and  seal  the  leather 
e  over  there  brought  for  sale,  were  riotously 
""'       attacked  by  the  said  Robert  Dolbery 

and  others,  by  the  procaretncnt  of  Ra- 

greatrBge.andusedTervbardapcecbes,  letgh,  and  Drcrcnted  from  executing 
Hying,  "Heshoid  rot  fyve  wilt  a  nose  the  (laty  belonging  to  them,  by  them- 
in  his  face  in  Sherborne  that  durttfynd  selres  searching  lor  and  sealing  the 
hiiltwithauythingetbnt  he  dyd  there."  leather.  At  other  fairs  the  complainant's 
Here  llien  began  the  war.  Raleigh  deputies  were  also  interfered  with,  and 
was  induced  to  order  one  of  his  ser-  forcibly  prevented  Irom  acting  under 
vants,  John  Lynsor,  to  take  assay  of  his  directions  as  clerk  of  the  market. 
—  — I  .1^  ._  CI — 1. — »»  .nH  It....        The  Btrugglefortheofficeof  bailiff  of 


reforme  the  same."     So  complainant 
forbade  Lauibc  to  kill  any  more  flesh, 
and,  being  shown  the  liccnst 
butcher's  warrant,  told  bim  i 
no  value,  and  "therefore  tooke  up  the 
said  lycens,  willing  bim  t      ' 
kyllyoge  any  more  Besh." 
bert  was  iniormed  of  this,  he  w 


beer  and  ale  in  Sherborne,  and  thus 
infringe  tbccomplainant's  rights,  taking 
money  for  the  brewing  of  beer,  "  with- 
out respect  of  the  assayc,  or  any  care 
that  the  poore  might  have  dryncke 


Sherborne  wai,  however,  soon  brought 
o  tt  climax.  'Phe  complainant,  on  the 
tSth  nf  July  then  last  (1601),  arrested 
one  John  Suddery  by  virtue  of  a  wkr- 
-■  t  from  the  sheriff  of  the  county, 
^reupoa  the  opposition  bailiff  Dol- 
and  William  Masters,  acrvants  of  Ra-  bery,  Haleigh's  servants  named  above, 
leigh  (with  others),  riotously  attacked  and  the  rest  of  the  defenilanti,  with 
couipliiinant's  house,  and  threatened  others,  assembled  with  arms,  assaulted 
him  so  that  he  was  in  fear  of  his  lite,  the  complainant's  deputies,  and  rescued 
sayingr  whatever  they  did  to  him  "  Sir  their  prisoner  Suddery,  Being  again 
W  alter  Rnl^h  and  the  Ladie  Ralegh  taken,  the  prisoner  was  ftguin  rescued 
his  wyffe  would  beare  them  owt  in  yC,  by  the  same  parties.  ActloK  under 
and  that  the  said  S*  Walter  Ralegh  another  writ  of  tapia*f  the  oody  of 
' "    "  ''      <  7  -.    -  I  -   -    -      John  Allambrige  was  next  fought  for 

by  tlie  rival  baUiffsof  Sherborne  town, 
bnt  the  complainant's  party  succeeded 
in  securing  their  prize  in  the  common 
,  ,     „  ,       ,    gaol,  "  for  tlie  w'''  the  said  S'  Waller 

rlainant's  complying  with  his  Ralegh  was  much  discontented,  and 
requests  therein,  he  then  pre-  gave  great  tbreates  ngaynst  your  said 
tended  to  talcc  advantage  of  it  by  dc  subject,"  and  by  means  of  the  under> 
cLiriog  the  office  of  bailiff  forfeited,  sheriffof  the  county  Raleigh  procured 
and  granted  the  s.imc  to  one  Robert  the  discfaaree  of  the  prisoner, 
DolberT,  an  attorney,  and  "a  very  bare  The  rival  bailiffs  were  now  person- 
fellow,  whom  complainant  aAcrwards  ally  engaged.  A  warrant  was  sent 
arrested  upon  a  m/Hiuuf^itruni,-  "the  bv  the  ^criff  to  the  comphiinant 
w'*  matter  of  fforfeture  pretended  to  directing  him  to  arrest  Dolbcrry  him- 
be  taken  so  published  by  the  com-  self.  Ibh  was  done  on  the  13th  of 
mandm*  of  the  sdd  S'  Walter  Ralegh  August, "  whernpon  the  said  S'  Walter 
himself,  in  wrytinge  under  his  hand,  m  Ralegh,  being  then  present,  whoe  liad 
dyvers  parish  churches,  dyd  the  more  before  threatned  to  put  your  said  sub- 
greeve  your  said  subject,  in  that  eytlier  ject  in  the  itockesylbedid  arrest  any 
'■'  necessity  your  said  subject's  dis-     person  from  tliencfoortb,"  discharged 


dred 


to  be  dischat^d  from  appearing 
iizet  ou  paying  him  a  nne,  and. 


credyt  roust  follow  tlierupOQ  to  b««re 


b^b^ 


)eny  at  oooe.    A  fXM  IIwd  e 


440 


Sir  Wattey  Halngh  at  Sheitiornr. 


(Nw. 


■aed,  the  dcjcriptioQ  of  which  well 
deserved  the  pen  of  a  less  formal  and 
pro^nic  narrator,  and  which  would 
certniulj  bo  a  chosen  incident  in  the** 
"  illuBtratine"  limes,  should  a  new  Life 
of  Sir  Waller  Bal^gb  be  presented 
with  such  accessories.  The  bailiff  un- 
J  dauntedlj  turned  the  tables  upon  the 
I  justice,  and  pointing  out  the  strict 
terms  of  the  warrnnt,  Meere  called 
upon  Raleigh  in  the  Queen's  name  for 
osaislaDcc  to  execute  it.  Whereupon 
the  said  S'  Walter  Ralegh,  togcalher  with 
the  laid  Rubtrrt  Dolbeiry,  oad  djreTf 
Others  »ery  diiordred  persons,  ryoloiuly, 
aalawfullr.  and  in  mast  rjotoui  maancr 
dyd  ihfa  and  tbcre  presently  make  and 
beglne  an  sstaall  and  alfra;r  nppon  your 
■sid  lubjecl,  and  dyd  Isje  lisades  Dppao 
TDor  said  siibjeet,  and  in  moit  diigracfull 
d  bateruU  manner,  in  contempt  of  the 
I  caecutton  of  jnstice,  tbe  sulhorctByof  jonr 
klghnes  conrles  of  justice  at  We^tminater, 
and  to  tbe  great  dydj'kc  uF  the  cuatrej, 
in  the  open  msrkett  p1«ee  in  Sberborne 
■loresaid,  (he  anme  daj  dyd  putt  tlic  oue 
of  your  said  anbjectet  Icgget  in  alocliei 
there,  only  for  eiccutinge  of  tlie  ums 
warrani  upon  the  laid  Dalberr*.  though 
joor  aaid  lubject  dyd  offer  the  said  S' 
Walter  Ralegh  suffycienl  surety  to  aoiner 
Ihs  same  yf  it  wesre  an  offence  ;  sod  the 
key  of  tbe  ume  slockes  tbe  said  S-  Wnlter 
Ralegh  himself  dyd  keepe.  and  your  isid 
subject  Id  stoeket  dyd  imprison  by  the 
ipse*  of  sisehaners,  da  rings  ■•''■  tyme  the 
•aid  S'  Walter  Ralegh  bimulf  in  person, 
and  Lis  serTBntea,dyd  TCrryiayolir  scorne 
and  deryd  your  laid  lubject, 

Particulars  are  given  of  otlier  f^- 
cties  of  prisoners  taken  hj  the  com- 
pliiaant  and  his  deputies,  among  them 
Adryan  Gilbert  himself,  which  is  thus 
described : 

And  be  btioge  >o  undfrarreil.joaruid 

Mlqect  doubtiogs  that  there  wolrl  be  allso 

.  Mme  reacnse  of  him,  your  laid  subject 

I  ttompon   in   bii  onne   person,   tbe  said 

\  Adryan    Oylbert   cominge    by   your   ssid 

■ol^ecles  gate,  Killed  the  raid  bsyliffea  to 

bHngc  him  into  your  said  ■  abject  *  hawse, 

and  KCingc  dy>ers  persons  sttemptioge  to 

rCMue  the  said  Adrjan,  the  better  lo  pre- 

TCSt  any  owlnge  that  might  be  olTered  fur 

tfc<  rescainge  of  the  said  prysouer,  took* 

In  his  h*ud  a  pyitnll,  neyther  cbsrged  with 

bnllell,  powder,  nur  sholt,  to  pat  tlie  res- 

ewrs  In  tcsra  of  dansger  yf  they  sbold 

contyuDc  their  owirsg*. 

But  his  attempts  to  ttrrifj  Gilbert's 
IK«iuls  were  or  no  BToil ;  ■  r^guliir 
mtU*  wenis  i«  bavo  oovurred,  in  which 


the  bailids  were  beaten,  and  the  pri- 
sonerescsped.  Thin  alTair  seems  much  lo 
hs»e  annoyed  Sir  Waller  Raleigh,  who, 

UndenUndingo  thereof  iniBdiallj  the 
Bsme  day,  and  intendingc  to  wrongs  yxnir 
said  inbject  forlher,  ilyd  tbea  fonhwitfa 
the  same  day  mske  a  warrant  under  bU 
hand  unsealed  lo  the  caajlsblcs  of  Sber- 
borne  aforesaid,  to  comytl  your  uid  aqb- 
ject  and  othcra  to  tbe  common  gayole  of 
the  uid  county  for  tuipitlon  of  murtfaer, 
wherin,  wben  be  cold  not  hare  bis  dealer 
w='  he  dyd  Iheril  for,  for  that  yoor  ssid 
lubject  wu  bay  led  by  d*e  coutiie  of  lawe, 
for  further  revenge  agayniE  your  said  aub- 
ject,  UMd  Tery  hard  nod  andecent  tpnrfhCi 
to  your  ssid  tnbject. 

And  boviug  procured  Sir  George 
Treuchard  and  other  justices  of  tEe 
peace  to  further  his  designs  agaJnat 
the  complainant,  they  Issued  warrMita 
for  nrrcflling  him  and  some  of  hi* 
friends  on  a  charge  of  having  nbtised 
Itoleigli ;  and,  they  being  brought 
before  Sir  George  'Trenchanl  and  the 
olherjuatices,  who  were  known  enemiec 
of  ibe  complainant.  Sir  Walter  Raleigb 
"did  then  threaten  your  aubJMt  that 
he  wold  beggcr  byro,  and  wold  lajre 
him  in  Ncngate,  and  make  him  dropp 
full  of  Ijce."  And  an  Indiciment  wm 
secretly  preferred  against  the  oooi- 
plainant  (the  speech  of  Sir  Waller's 
counsel  is  given),  the  proceeding*  on 
which,  and  (be  conduct  of  tbe  undtf- 
sheriffof  the  county,  are  mid  to  have 
been  most  unfuir.  The  couptaiiwBt 
was  also  annoyed  by  the  servanta  of 
Raleigh,  who 

auembleJ  logether  at  the  hoW«c  «r 
one  Gyle*  Speed  of  CiiUelowDe  sfoivaaU, 
being  oppoiiie  lo  your  said  subject's  honao, 
sod  there  in  great  disonliir,  did  ^nge  i* 
tlie  said  bowse  iDnneB  of  rybsdrey,  msking 
exolamacion  and  uiit.cryra  agninsl  ywwr 
Hid  saliject,  bcinge  at  reste  la  his  b«dd, 
not  only  raylinge  agaynsl  bim.  la  Ihe great 
ditquielt  of  ill  the  nrighborRi  there  ad- 
joiaioge,  but  at  very  nnlawfnll  howera  of 
Ibe  night  called  on  the  name  of  tbe  Lord 
Viscount  ByuilOD.  in  regard  that  the  nid 
Lord  Viuount  had  taken  •  coura*  by 
jmlice  for  the  diacliardging  of  your  laM 
Bubjeet  owl  of  the  aloikes,  Bome  of  thesB 
aaylng  at  your  said  lubjecte't  gate,  "  (\m» 
OvI.  Kagf,  CMie  on-/  ,■  icjier*  ys  Untttri 
Hattard,  tht  Lard  Havard  !  "  OfwMch 
unatemty  worde*  conicrainge  the  aaid  Lo, 
Viscoont.  and  ihelr  lewde  behsTior  at  taak 
unUwfall  howen,  your  said  aubjeet  eotu 
playned  to  (be  nid  Str  Waller  Balifh. 

Of  course  without  elTeoL 


1S53.]  .Sir  IValtti-  liahigh  at  Sherbornt.  441 

Ailriun  Gilbert  i«  kiso  charged  vritb  his  tlirentened  that  he  irould  do  again 
hnving,  (It  the  compluDant't  house,  irhat  he  had  done,  "yf  that  ^t  should 
luBBufted  the  servant  of  s  tailor  who  cost  hioi  a  million  for  committiog  the 
would  not  furniah  any  further  clolheu     Maine." 

till  the  last  were  paid  for,  and  having  Nouu  tonsiderationa  ariac  out  of 
forcibly  pulled  otTaooic  uS  hia  clothes; 
He  laiil  in  greale  fuerey  (luch  wu  h 
»»»»gB  crewdly  aad  blMphemj)  Ibit  l 
wolde  according  to  ibe  old  Uwe  hare  a 
e;c  for  an  ey  and  tooth  for  tooth,  tad  < 
taurnid  him  gtirke  naked  (saiinge  h 
iherl)  ont  of  yoar  >sid  subject's  haw< 
into  the  open  markeLC,  beinge  tha  markei 

daye,  before  niaaj  |ieople,  to  Ibe  pooro     Among  the  ot 

man-i  great  gretfe,  »nd  kept  his  cloalhos      ^^^  „(,uld,   of  C™^.   

b,Ionge»p.ceaflerl«ktmtl,e«udcas^ll,      motives,  be  readilyfound;  but hecould 

the  favour  of  the  aberitlij  and  tlie  Lord 

The  complainant  then  details  other  Howard,  with  whose  name  Raleigh'a 

raiadeedii  of  Gilbert,  in  riding  hb  horse  aervants  are  aald  to  have  mocked  bim. 

all  covered  with  dirt  through  a  heap  The  sheriff,  by  eontinuing   to   direct 

of  winnowed   barley,   and   a«9auUins  — :■,._«• i..:i:ir_i  ei. — i 

the  owner's  wife  who  iiiterfi-red  with 
him.  Meerealaaollegcs  that  he  farmed 
all  Rsleigh'a  landi  in  Sherborne  at 
the  rent  of  TOW.  a-year,  together  with 


B  detailed  in  Meere's 
lengthy  complaint.  The  very  fact  of 
hi«  having  mninlained  his  ground  at  all 
against  a  man  of  Italeigli's  mark  and 
position  ahews  not  only  that  Meere 
must  have  had  some  position  too,  and 
uertainly  considerable  nerre,  bat  abo 
,t  behadfrienda  who  supported  him. 
<n  people  of  the  town 


position   till   he   had   been    iudidall 
deprived  of  it,  and  so  made  it  in  vai 


that  Kalcigh  recalled  b  , 
and  nominated  another.  The  Lord 
Howard  VisoonntBiudon,  was  Thomas, 
the  jounger  son  of  Thomas  firal  Vis- 
count liindon,  who  sueceeded  to  the 
the  grievances  is     title  in  the  year  1590,  on  the  decease  of 


Waiter's 

plaioant's  park,  aad  bis  deer  there 

being  did  chase,  slay,  and  carry  away. 

A  recapitulation  of  the  grievances  is  title  in  tlie  yea: 

then  made,  which  are  all  said  to  liave  hishrotherHenryfthesecondViscount) 

been   done   "sythena   yiiur  Majeaties  without  issue.     The  first  posaeasor  of 

moalgracious  gcnerall  ami  tree  pardon,  the  title  wa^  the  second  son  of  Thomas 

!ind  so  doe  reniayne  unpardoned;"*  Duke  ofNorfolk,  and  brother  of  Henry 

and  they  are  summed  up  tu  be  "  to  the  Earl  of  Surrey  the  poet,  who  having 

iminente  daunger  of  your  good  and  married  the  heiress  of  the  Xcwburghs 

lovinge  subjectcs,  icndinge  to  great  of  Lulwortb  and  thereby  obtained  the 


s  of  the 
'istertian  house  ofBindon  (of which 


great 
Ciste 


Iter  part  of  the  r 


'essioD  and  wronges  and  to  a  very 
ill  exampcll,  and  are  like  to  norishc 
and  bringe  fourth  great  incourage- 
ment  of  disorder  in  such  as  are  dl- 
disposed  persons,  if  some  sharpe  and 
severe  punishment  may  not  be  indicted  It  ia  with  reference  to  the  Lord 
on  the  said  oCTenders  for  the  same."f  Howard  that  the  most  really  important 
And  a  ncccssi^  is  said  to  exist  for  the  point  in  these  procecdinzs  presents 
interference  of'^the  council,  as  Raleigh     itself.    Five  years  before  toe  disputes 

*  We  hiTG  here  a  reference  to  an  importDDt  docomeul  iDtimatcly  eonoerning  Raleigh, 
which  liaa  never  jet  beea  known  to  eitst.  Tbe  only  affence  supposed  to  have  be«n 
cammitted  by  him  is  tbe  connection  and  mnrringe  with  Elilabelb  Throckmorton.  No 
formal  pardon  ii  noticed  by  Raleigb's  biograpUers.  ITie  di»coiery  of  the  dociuneat 
here  ■lloded  to  would  matt  prob«bly  throw  some  light  upon  this  paial- 

f  Th»per*oni  i^intl  nhom  proceis  is  prayed  arc  "  Sir  Walter  Raleigb,  Wiltiam 
Gybbei,  Adryan  Gylberl  eiqiiier,  William  Sweet,  John  Pliillopei,  Bsroaby  Sawle.  WU- 
linm  Player,  John  Shalberey,  Edward  Stan  den,  H  tnry  SUrr.  John  Lyosey,  Willian  Deine, 
Robert  Dobbcrey,  Lawreuce  Michel!,  Thomai  KnowcU,  Richard  Poster.  Geoi^  Mor. 
gayoe,  Richard  Maalert,  Rice  Sudderey,  Jubii  Stutderey,  Robert  Adduni,  Rayoold  Ryres 
otberwtM  Wynond,  John  Johino.  Jobn  Atlambrige,  Peeler  Deane,  William  Stagg, 
Oytbrrl  Speed,Jahii  mckaett,  William  Plucknett,  Edward  Clench,  andWmiDm  Clench." 

'   '  '  Esq.  of  Poole,  w>s  sheilfTof  Dorset  13  Elinbrlb. 

BT.  M*9.  Vol,.  XL. 


Sir  Wallai-  Rakigh  at  Shirborm 

tun  nailer  notice  Biklci|{li  had  com-  legod  tniMoailuct,  ikatl  Ix 

pUned  that  Lonl  Bindon  (it  could  be  hy  it.    It  wauld  be  too  rouch  la  wty 

no  otJier)  bud  "exalted  Meru'u  suits  that  the  Blrugt^le  for  Uie  bailiwtck  of 

against  him  in  Ilia  ab^i^ncc;"  und  id  Sherborne  iavoirtid  the  ruin  of  tlie 

that  luLter  lie  speaks  of  the  Viscount  in  writer  uf  the  ■'  llistliry  of  thu  World ;~ 

' — IS  of  the  bitterest  enmity.    By  the  but  there  c 


]  doubt   that   a 


powerful  abettor  of  Italeigh's  conlu- 
uncLous  olBcer  was  intimately  con- 
leuteii  with  a  principl  aeeQt  in  hii 


V 


other  frtmiliat  letter  to  Lord  Cubliaiu  * 
about  the  "  rouges  the  Meera,"  it  ie 
that  our  compminant  had  nn  diffienltv, 

doubtless   through    Lord   Bindon,   in  lau- 

getting  into  direct  couunuuLcation  with  Among  the  persous  mentioned  bj 

Secretary  Cecil,  bj  means  of  "iheLord  Meere  as  aisiitanta  of  Kaleigb,  it  one 

Tlioiiiw,  f  andniakiugouthis  stor;  to  whoai!  name  presanta  so  strong  a  re- 

bim.    It  would  be  in  vain,  pcrhnpi,  to  seinbUoee  to  that  of  one  of  our  great 

■uggctt  a  cause  for  Lord  Bindon  and  dramatist's  ureatioiu  as  to  call  for  Mine 

Bal»e^'*  mutual  haired,  but  they  were  comment.     Thu  man  who  Kaleiffh  put 

in  circumstanced  with  respect  to  each  up  as  bailiff*  in  opposition  to  Meere 

other   which   have    at   all   times   en-  was  named   Robert   Dollierrii.     He  b 

gendered  such   feelings;    both  were  stigmatised  by  our  complainant  at  "an 

potsessors    of  forfeit^    ecclesiastical  attorney  of  the    Court  of  Comiooo 

property ;  aud    during   Raleigh's   ab-  Ploea,  and   a   very   bar<a   fellow,   not 

■ence,  Lord  Bindon  nibht  luvc  liad  worthan  cxecutionofV' yf  any  MCa|M 

dealings  with  hie  bailin  in  which  his  shold  be  when  any  shall  cume  to  bis 

niniter's  intcreet  wa>  not  thu  first  con-  handcs;"  he  look  a  Terr  aotire  part 

sideration,  and  then  "  have  exalteil  tils  in  the  attempt  to  ouit  Mucre  IVoin  bu 

suits  against  him."  oQicu,  and  it  is  not  imprubablo  that  ha 

Now  Mr.  Tytler  ha«  adduced  some  bod  been  so  engaged  from  the  C4Mn- 

strong  arguments  and  evidenco  in  sup-  menceineut  of  the  diipulus.     Have  vc 

port  of  big  opinion  of  "  Cecil's  enmity  here  the  original  of  the  immortal  i^qf- 

to  Italei^,"  and  showing  how  his  fall  herry*     It  la  without  any  at  prusent. 

WBi  owing  to  Cecil's  Jeidausy.t    The  The  difference  in  tho  namn  Is  that  of 

Lord  Henry  Howard  (brother  of  the  one  letter  only ;  thu  ohoractitr  and  ojr- 

DukeofNorfolk.  then  lately  beheaded)  euaiftUni.-a«  are   well   adapt«d  for  it. 

was  the  principal  agent  of  Cecil  in  Lis  But  the  date  of  thu  prooeedinn  dt- 

'     "     '     '  'kinant's  biff  pi 


correspondancewilhScotland  prepara-     tailed  iii 


wiufiUinii 


I  Pf«- 


_je  of  (heConmiBsionen  forinijuiring  known   to    Slukapcre  when  "U 

into  the  Bo-ualled  "Haleigh"  plot  in  Ado  about  Nothing"  wai  written.  Tlla 

1603,  and  took  an  active  part  in  that  play  whs  printed  lu  1600,  and  woa 

inquiry'  He  was  moreover  first  cousin  probably  written  in  the  precoding  re«r> 

to  the  Lord  Viscount  Bindon  of  the  Still,  considering  tlial  Uio  quarrel  bad 

caae  ■'  Ueere  v.  Raleigh,"  and  as  Raleigh  been  going  on  for  some  time,  and  (iMit 

aayi  in  the  postscript  previously  re-  Dolberry  wa4  much  eoncarned  in  it, 

fivred  to,  that  "hu  forbore  him  iu  ibis  difference  of  dnto  is  not  an  eDtiro 

Rwpect  of  myLordThomwHaudohiufl^  bar  to   such   a  viruunutauco-      Aad, 

because  of  Mr.  Secretory,  who  in  his  lupported  as  Meer«  wa«  by  aoTeral 

love  to  mv  Lord  Thomas  bath  wiaht  membm  of   the    [wwerful    Howard 

me  to  it;    It   is  more   than  probable  family,  it  is  by  no  means  improbable 

that  the  secretary's  chief  agent,  a  near  that  an  unfavourable  report  of  some 

relation   both   of  Lord   "uiomas   and  proceedings,  simlhiF  pcrhaiis  to  thoae 

Lordnindoo,9huuldnlsoharcbe«nwcll  recorded  above,  might  have  beau  put 

Informed  by  Mccrc  (whom  his  kinsman  into   circuhuion  against   Raleigh  and 

continued  10  support)  of  llatelgh'e  nl-  his  fHends.     His  own  version  might 


's  properly. 

t  This  VM  UrJ  Thoau  llouard,  Ma  of  Urd  Uooard  of  Bauiban,  Lord  Ui^ 
Admiial.  He  w»  a  ausr  rvUliou  of  tti<  VUoounl  DiDdon,  nnU  was  usociaMd  wllli 
BaUilh  in  am]  coinnuiDil. 

X  TjUcr's  I.it«  uf  8ir  WtlUc  KaUsb.    AfpeadU  " 


1853.]  The  Parish  Girl.  443 

even  have  been  turned  against  him  at  much  occupied  to  pursue  this  portion 

the  "  Mermaid,"  and  the  degradation  of  the  subject,  but  we  are  sure  the 

of  the  bailiff  in  esse  (according  to  Ra-  hints  now  thrown  out  will  not  long 

Icigh),  to  the  watch  in  posse  (according  remain  without  a  full  discussion, 
to  Shakesperc),  would  be  a  matter  of        What  answer  can  be  made  to  Meere's 

course.     Our  space  is,  however,  too  bill  shall  be  shown  in  our  next. 


THE  PARISH  GIRL. 

A  dew-drop  in  the  ninny  beam ; 

A  withered  leaf  in  Autumn 'd  Miaul 
A  flow'ret  on  its  broken  stem,— 

The  little  dream  of  life  i.i  past. 

Yon  linden  alley  spreads  along, 
With  leafy  shadows  broad  and  fair ; 

Oh  I  take  me  from  the  worldly  throng. 
And  lay  the  Child  of  Sorrow  there. 

And  lay  me  where  the  brooklet  flows 
Thro'  violet  banks  of  purple  bloom ; 

And  weep  not  when  the  wintery  snows 
Are  whitening  o*er  my  early  tomb. 

For  I  am  sick  of  lingering  here. 

These  scenes  of  want  and  woe  to  sec ; 

The  Earth  is  broad,  the  Earth  is  fair, 
But  in  it,  is  no  room  for  me. 

That  little  Stream  that  warbles  by, 
Will  find  a  home  in  Ocean's  breast ; 

Those  Clouds  within  the  western  sky, 
Will  fold  their  wearied  wings  to  rest* 

Rut  I  a  houseless  wanderer  roam, 

By  day  in  want,  by  night  in  fears ; 
A  stranger's  hearth — my  only  home, 

My  only  couch — a  bed  of  tears. 

Mysterious  law!  whose  stern  decree 

My  life  to  shame  and  sorrow  gave« 
Thy  wings  of  darkness  close  o*er  me, 

And  give — ^'tis  all  thou  canst — the  GhraTe. 

Bnkall,  Sept.  1,  1853.  J.  M. 


444 


COTELE;  AND  THE  EDGCUMBES  OF  THE  OLDEN  TIME. 

Br  Mrs.  Brat. 
Part  thb  Second. 


A^[ONGST  those  knights  deTOted 
to  the  House  of  Lancaster  who,  since 
the  succci^s  of  Richard  of  York,  thought 

))roper  to  retire  for  awhile  from  public 
ife  to  the  limits  of  their  own  domains, 
was  Sir  llichard  Edffcumbc.  Of  a 
noMo  person  and  a  high  spirit,  gifted 
hy  nature  with  manygocMl  and  generous 
qualities,  he  could  ill  brook  the  in- 
action and  obscurity  into  which  he  was 
forced  by  the  head  of  the  a<lTersc 
Yorkints  having  achieved  the  crown. 
His  mind  l>ecame  the  prey  of  dissatis- 
faction, secret  rcninings,  and  discon- 
tent. There  is  not  fling  more  destructive 
to  happiness  than  once  to  admit  the 
idea  that  something  ought  to  be  pos- 
sessed which  cannot  be  attained ;  to 
suffer  such  to  gain  an  ascendancy  over 
the  mind,  is  to  embitter  and  render 
distasteful  every  other  blewing  which 
a  gooil  IVovidence  has  bcstowetl. 

This  feeling  was  for  a  time  the 
bane  of  Sir  Uichard  Edjrcumbe.  He 
was  the  representative  of  an  ancient 
house,  the  master  of  a  fair  estate  ;  en- 
joying health,  youth,  friends,  he  was 
both  hcmoured  and  esteemed.  Hut  all 
these  blessings  were  overlooke<l  in  the 
thoughts  of  what  he  had  not,  in  the 
want  of  that  power  and  intlucncc  in 
the  service  of  his  prince  which  must 
have  been  his  had  the  cause  of  Lan- 
caster prevailed.  But  Richard  wore 
the  crown,  and  under  him  an  Edg- 
cumbc  could  never  rise  to  distinction 
in  the  chamber  of  council  nor  in  the 
career  of  arms,  for  he  would  never 
Iwar  them  for  one  he  held  to  be  no 
other  than  a  usurper,  and  foreign 
service  he  scorned,  lor  an  Eclgcumbe 
had  never  been  a  mercenary,  had 
never  drawn  the  sword  but  in  a  quar- 
rel for  Kngland*s  rightful  sovereign  or 
England's  defence,  llie  church  was 
open  to  hiin,  but  bell,  book,  and  candle 
had  little  charms  for  Sir  Richard ;  and 
the  law,  to  his  dissatisfied  view,  seeme<l 
?  juggle,  since  a  Catesby  was  one  of 
its  chief  officers.  There  was,  he  fan- 
cied, no  honourable  way  of  life  oi>en 
to  him,  and  he  was  unhappy.  Neither 
hawk,  nor  hound,  nor  »*  dappled  deer  " 


afforded  occupation  enough  Ibr  hk 
active  mind ;  and  the  listleas  indolence 
which  weiffhed  upon  his  spirits  Ibnnd 
little  relief  in  the  monkish  ff^oooiof  an 
old  chamber,  where  a  few  TeJloBi  mana- 
scripts,  then  a  valuable  libmiTt  offered 
him  the  chief  if  not  the  onljr  mental 
recreation  to  be  found  within  the  walls 
of  Cotele. 

If  he  sometimes  endeaTOured  to  for- 
get his  grievances  in  the  legendary 
tales  of  saints  and  their  miracles,  in 
the  tomes  of  some  venerable  chronider, 
or  the  romaunU  of  a  Norman  poet, 
his  eye  would  oAen  wander  irom  the 
page  to  rest  on  the  stained  window 
that  presented  to  his  Tiew  the  arms 
and  alliances  of  his  ancient  house;  and 
then  would  busy  recollections  of  other 
days  force  themselves  upon  him«  as  he 
pictured  to  his  fancy  the  acts  and 
glories  of  his  ancestors,  which  to  his 
imagination  shone  with  a  lostre  bril- 
liant as  that  of  ^  their  blaxonrj  **  in 
the  glittering  hues  of  the  glass.  And 
then  again  and  again  would  the  lear 
that  his  name  would  never  be  enrolled 
with  theirs,  in  the  annals  of  glorioos 
achievement,  so  prey  upon  his  heart 
that,  at  length,  he  became  ready  and 
anxious  to  make  any  effort,  howcTer 
hazanlous,  to  escape  from  his  obscure 
destiny,  and  to  take  the  most  desperate 
steps  to  revive  a  fallen  cause. 

In  such  a  frame  of  mind  was  Sir 
Richar<)  Edgcumbe  when  the  friends 
of  Henry  of  Lancaster  once  more  be- 
came active  in  carrying  on  their  secret 
plans  and  devices  to  bring  about  the 
overthrow  of  the  tyrant  Richard,  and 
the  succession  of  Henry  to  the  throne. 

Sir  Richard  Edi^cumbe  was  too  well 
known,  and  too  highly  estimated,  to 
be  overlooked  in  such  a  crisis  by  the 
friends  to  the  Lancastrian  line.  He 
was  sought  out  in  his  obscurity ;  and 
most  gladly  did  he  become  once  more 
not  merely  a  partisan  but  a  leader  in 
their  cause.  For  a  while  all  went  on 
prosperously ;  but  at  length  king 
Kichani,  who  had  well-paid  spies  and 
informers  in  every  part  of  the 
received  some  intimation  of 


1853.]        CoteU;  and  the  Edgcumhei  of  the  Olden  Time. 

going  on,  and  no  time  was  lost  in  Ink-      inherited  both  hia  loyakj  and  his  e*-  ' 
ine  steps  for  the  arrest  of  Sir  Richard     tates. 
Edgcunibe.     Yot  so  cautlousl; 


I  matter  both  arranged 
(lucte'l,  that  the  unfortunntc  Edg- 
cumbc  had  not  e?cn  the  alieht^st  bus- 
picion  of  his  danger,  tilt  the  peritons 
entrusted  with  the  management  of  hta 
arrest,  and  tlie  men-at-nrms  of  the 
King,  vera  aotuallj'  arrived  at  Cntele 
to  accnre  their  prisoner.  Bi 
what  followed,  other  than 


or  was  Sir  Richard  EdgcumUj 
unmindful,"  gays  the  good  old  chroni- 
cler, "of  his  duty  towards  God,  for 
his  signal  providence  t^j  him ;  for  at 
his  return  in  peace,  in  thankful  remeto^'. 
brnncc  of  hia  deliverance,  ho  bnilded  ft4 
fair  chappel  in  that  his  lurking  plaes  J 
(in  histliick  woods  of  CuOail),  to  celsj 
tell     brate  bis  great  name."    Amongst  Dlhi 
the  phrase     honours  conferred  upon  him 


of  Prince,  would  be  to  injure  the  most  of  being  ehoscn  sberilT  for  his  c 

interesting  circumstance  in  the  story  county,  in  the  secnud  year  of  H« 

of  this  brave  knight ;  I  give  it  there*  reign.     And  such  was  the  eitini 

fore  in  his  own  i[unint  words.  in  which  he  was  held  for  bis  wi 

In   King  RLch«td   the   3d  dayi,   Edg-  and  his  pojicyaud  manly  bearrag 

oumbe  being  cuipecttid  of  fs»ouring  the  treating  with  foreign  powers,  lEat 

Horl  of  Richmond  ngiinst  that  King,  was  sides  beini;  sent  as  ambassador  to 

telF  in  thoie  thick  woods  court  of  l^rancc,  he  was  employed 


erlook  t 


■t  Tomar 


looging  to  his  house  at  Oillail.  Being 
boUy  puriurd,  and  narrowl)'  srirchrd  for, 
BitremiCj  taught  him  a  luddain  policy,  to 
put  a  itone  ia  his  ca|i  ami  tumble  the 
same  into  lbs  nater.  while  thne  rsngerv 
mtre  at  hia  beds:  who,  looking  dawn 
afler  the  noiie,  and  seeing  his  cap  swim- 
Tning  thereon,  soppoaed  he  had  dei|ierntely 
drowned  himself.  Hence  they  gars  over 
their  farther  pursait,  and  left  him  the 
liberty  to  shift  over  into  Brilany,  and 
tber<  to  join  hiaiself  to  the  Earl  of  Rich- 

Tlie  dangers  tbiu  incurred 
aervice  of  bis   friend 


many  ntherembnssiestoforeign  princes; 
whilst  engageil  in  one  of  these,  to  the 
Duke  of  uritany,  lie  died. 

The  grnndson  or  this  worthy,  also 
named  Kichard,  was  no  less  eminent 
than  him<)elf,  though  be  lived  in  less 
stormy  times ;  and  as  the  record  of 
his  merits  is  not  a  little  curiouii,  from 
the  scattered  information  which  may 
be  gleaned  from  it  respecting  the  do- 
mestic  manners  and  customs  of  his  dfty, 
I  traat  it  will  not  be  altogctber  rati  ' 
leresting  to  tlie  reader  to  add  a  sket 
the     of  hia  story. 

Carow  (the  author  of  the  l< 


|otteii  when,  as  Henry  the  Seventh,  work  on  Cornwall)  was  his  descendant 

i  mounted   the   throne  of  England,  in  the  temale  tine,  and   has  been  liit 

.  ir   Richard  Edgcumbe  waa  s^iccdily  chief  chronicler.      He  says,  touching 

appointed   Comptroller   of  the   Ro^al  hisreligion,"Thougb thedayswherein 

Ilouaehold,  a  menibcr   of  tbe   Privy  be  moally  lived  savoured  of  Romiah 


do- 

m 


Council,  and  in  I4SH  Ambaasado 
France-  Nor  were  marks  of  favour 
even  more  substantial  ttian  these  want- 
ing ;  for  on  tbe  attainder  of  John  lord 
Zoucb  for  his  adherence  to  the  dis- 


CDinlited  trrant,  Henry  gave   to   Sir     ford, 
Richard  Eikcumbe  that   nobleman's     vov 


t,  yet  this  Richnnl's  upright  deal- 
ings bore  witness  that  he  had  the  fruits 
of  a  good  conscience.  •  •  •  And  for 
his  learning  in  the  arts,  he  attained  it 
by  his  study  in  the  University  of  On- 


forfuileil  lands  and 
"  an  ancient  honor 

lauhed  no  less  than  S6  knights'  fees. 
Sir  Richard  took  to  himself  a  wife  from 
one  of  the  old  families  of  Devon,  a 
daojthter  of  Thomas  Tremiyne  of  Col- 
1acom»,  esq.  by  whom  he  bcenme  the 
father  of  a  son,  who,  in  process  of  time. 


he  spent  some  parts  of  bis 

idly,  nor  only  whilst   ho 

illc  of  Totneaa,     baited  his  horae,  but  both  orderly  and 

which  were  at-     jtrqfiltMy."  We  should  not  readily  c< 


jecture  what  Carew,  in  this  instance, 
considered  "jirnjibiblv"  had  he  not  told 
us,  when  he  npnenils  to   this  eulogy 

that  Sir   Richard  "could  (ell   by 

tain  rules  of  atlralngi/  what  any 
f  rmnd  wils  lh»I  cnino  iinin  him* 


imy   of  Meli 


clioly,  there  ii  a  cariooi 

rnion  snoiM  now  univtrtai  was  ine  oelitf  and  tbe  practice  of 

<«inii  gainewhat  to  doubt  ilt  powers  hiniKlf,  when  he  writes ; 

I,  I  must  answer,  mm  fl  daelii  Mtee  rrr«rihu  t 


M 

et  he  ■ 

1  am  J 


44f) 


C  ofe  /«• ;  a  n  d  th  f  /j  f/irt  u  m  ht$  of  the  Olden  T\fn^. 


[Not. 


an  I  Kiljjriiii^l).^  hn«l  nlsn  a  vory  uood 
pniic  ill  luakiiii;  Kn^lisli  vorsos  such 
as  in  tlio-iL*  «l;iv«  jvi-^imI  nirront,  which 
llnwiiiir  L'ji«ily  Inim  lil«;  pcti.  'li-l  iniioh 
ilcH«»ht  his  riTiliT^." 

Art«T  liiiilily  i'«uniii.!i"liii^  l-Mi:- 
ouinln?'s  ran*  wi<-hiin,  C'lrcw  \\i\\\<,  in 
illustratiiii)  i»t'  it.  - 

\Vhr.t  tiooa-ion  MHVir  >ii  Kii*ii;*ril  had 
of  cxpciiSi--,  he  U-I.-.I  ti>  koip  always  n  ijood 
bunfin'd  pnumi!*  in  hi<  chest  uiitourlipil ; 
and  TL*t  lie  trnuM  nevi-r  be  in  irhlrd  unt'i 

m 

any  mnn.  iirit'i;  r  limk  priMni«r'  nf  piy- 
mciil  :  will- rein  he  »iurely  drnlt  fjr  more 
discreet Iv  th  ni  llj.i>e  who.  hnvinsj  f;iir  re- 
venues,  .ire  notv  ith>tnii<lin(:  sm  beg^nrly 
thai  wluMi  finy  «\^«'t  i*  to  bestowed  for  their 
own  profit,  ll»e  beiu-fU  of  tiie  jirinee,  or 
lichoof  of  thi'ir  eountry,  they  nre  furred  to 
take  it  up  at  >ueh  handii,  as  turneth  to 
their  great  Io9s,  or  to  h'ave  thciii«elves 
utterly  di^ereilited.  their  eountry  unheiped, 
and  their  priui'e  unserved.  =♦■  *  •  Me  w.iji 
aUo  very  eiireful  to  have  provision  made 
beforrhnnd  for  all  thinL*"^  l»eli«nci"ff  to  a 
hnusehohl,  for  tiro  vrnrx  at  teast  ,■  and 
wnuhl  very  willingly  besti>w  hi*  money  that 
wav  wln-nsiieTer  nnv  jjood  o^nnv worth  waji 
to  he  hi'l.  th'tu.'h  he  iImI  not  presently 
need  it.  lteKidr<  he  was  so  eireful  of  his 
posterity.  ;:s  at  hi<  drith  he  left  100/.  of 
(dd  uol-l  in  hit  ehe'>t,  fur  tli-'  >uin{;  of  his 
l'on'^  livery."*  It  wa*  moreover  noted  in 
him,  that  wli.it.oii  vrr  hr  did,  he  wctnld  be 
aiwiiys  £;iit  with  a  sword,  or  at  least  with 
a  hauler;  which  t)i;it  he  di<l  not  do  of  eu- 
rio:«ity,  a.-  if  he  would  be  like  Julius  Cn-sar; 
hi.«  re;j-on  tin -re  fore  wa«.  a?  I  have  heard, 
that  some  part"*  of  his  ojith  of  knii*hthoo<l 
did  binil  him  thereunto.  *  *  *  Another 
point  of  his  wisdom  was.  tha^  he  constantly 
maintainp<l  one  at  Jjondon,  to  be  a  solicitor 
of  iiis  cnusri,  and  t«)  send  him  adverti^se- 
ment,  with  the  soonest,  of  all  occurrences 
from  the  court  and  ilsewherc;  and  if  his 
presence  miuh^  be  ncciled  to  serve  his 
prince  or  his  couutry,  he  wa^  prepared  with 
the  for<  most  to  return  answer.  I^astly, 
he  was  of  "peech  very  sjiare,  and  iu  eoun- 
acl  very  sneret ;  and  yet  was  not  his  seeret- 
nens  towards  hi*  friends  so  chi^e  but  that 


he  would  lovingly  impart  unto  them  vhit- 
soever  was  convenieDf ,  nor  his  nlcDOe  to 
freat.  but  that  he  would  entertain  eterr 
one  with  eonrteooii  word*,  accordinif  to 
their  callini;,  using  to  his  bettera  reva- 
nrnce,  to  his  ecjnals  kindneaa,  and  to  tke 
meanest  sort  affability. 

It  appcnrii  thnt  Sir  Richanl  Edg^ 
ciimlie  wns  no  le^s  remarkable  for  a 
fnrgivinfl:  than  for  n  <rcneroua  temper, 
n<:  the  tollowinrv  in<(tnnce,  illustratiTe 
.il^o  of  the  spirit  of  the  time,  will  attest 
Thrre  was  a  cj-rtain  knight  of  the  ancient 
family   of    Trcvannion    in    ComiraU, 
with  whom  in  the  <iaY9  of  King  Ed- 
ward iho   Sixth  Sir  Richard  had  w 
many  <|ii.irre1s,  that  nt  last  their  dif- 
ferences cn(1c<l   in  ii   settled   dislikei 
bortlering  on  hatred  between   them. 
On  the  (loath  of  Kilward,  when  a  new 
onlor  of  t)iin<;-(  took  place,   both  in 
Church  and  Slate,  ana  Bishop  Gar- 
<lincr  and  the  rest  of  Queen  Marr's 
In<]iii<titor«  were  active  in  all  parts  of 
the  kin<;(1oni,  Trevannion,  partly  for 
political  reasons  and  partlj  on  account 
of  his  religion,  was  arrested  and  thrown 
into  ]>ri.«oii.     ''  The  matters  discorered 
a<rainst   him   {\m  reli'^ious  opinions) 
were  deemed  fiahinns;  and,  his  ene* 
mic^  at  that  time  liearing  great  swaj, 
very  <;ricvous.     Yet  be  obtained  so 
much  favour  a?  to  be  tried  by  cerM- 
tvitc  from  the  gentlemen  of  the  chiefest 
aiitliorily  of  his  county,  for  his  beha- 
viour therein  ;'  and,  according  to  their 
reiK>rt.   it    was   dctcmilned    that    he 
should    either   be   "more    straightlj 
dealt  with,  or  at  once  set  free." 

<  )n  li'ii riling  thi<,  Trcvannion  en- 
tertained the  strongest  hope  of  deli- 
ver;! ncc  from  the  many  friends  he  had 
iu  the  West :  but  that  hope  wasspcedilj 
quenched  when  he  found  that  his  most 
vehement  and  constant  enemy,  Sir 
Kichard  K<1;^rcimibe«  was  to  be  one 
among  ^'  the  chiefest  gentlemen,**  to 
report  upon  his  character  and  conduct. 


eonveroant  with  these  learned  errors),  they  du  incline,  but  not  compel ;  no  necessi^  at 
all ;  and  >o  gently  incline  that  a  wi^e  mnn  may  re.«ii*t  them  ;  they  rule  us,  but  God 
ruh's  them.  ■*■  *  *  *  Wilt  thou  know  how  far  the  stnrs  work  upon  us  ?  I  sny  they 
do  but  incdim-,  and  that  so  gently,  that  if  we  will  be  ruled  by  reason,  they  have  no 
power  orrr  un ,-  but  if  wc  follow  our  own  nature,  and  be  led  by  sen?e,  they  do  as  much 
in  US  as  in  brute  beasts,  and  wc  an^  no  better.  So  that,  1  hope,  I  may  jujitly  (*onclude 
with  (jiji  la-n,  Cn'lum  rtst  rt'hirulnm  divina'  viriutis^  ike.  that  the  heaven  is  God's 
in^trument.  by  mediatiiui  of  which  he  governs  and  disupo^eth  these  elementary  bodies; 
or  a  jjjreat  book,  whose  letters  are  the  stars  (as  one  calls  it  i  wherein  are  written  many 
strange  thinf^s  for  such  as  can  read  ;  or  an  excellent  harp,  made  by  an  eminent  work- 
man, on  which  he  that  can  but  play  will  make  admirable  music." 
t  Paying  a  fine  for  permission  to  succeed  to  the  heritaj^c  or  copyhok 


1853.]        Coteleg  and  the  Edgcumbes  of  the  Olden  Time. 


447 


He  doubted  not  that  in  the  hand  of  00 
passionate  an  adversary  a  pen  would 
become  ^^as  the  sword  of  revenge** 
for  his  destruction ;  but  little  did  he 
know  the  heart  of  the  generous,  when 
he  judged  thus  hardly  of  Sir  liichard 
Edffcuinbe.  Tlie  very  circumstance 
of  having  it  in  his  power  to  wreak  his 
veDgeance  on  an  unhappy  enemy,  ao 
completely  within  his  grasp,  deprived 
him  of  the  wish  to  do  so,  soflened  his 
angry  mood,  and  changed  altogether 
his  i'eelings  into  those  of  kindness  and 

f)ity.  Soon  atler  the  receipt  of  the 
etters  those  who,  in  the  name  of  the 
Queen,  held  Trevaunion  in  durance 
set  him  at  liberty.  Curious  to  know 
who  were  his  true  friends,  by  some 
means  or  other  he  contrived  to  pro- 
cure copies  of  all  the  papers,  ''by 
which,"  says  Carew,  ''he  found  that 
such  as  bore  him  the  fairest  counte- 
nance wrote  the  most  against  him; 
that  Sir  liichard  £dgcumbe*s  certi- 
ficate made  the  most  for  him;**  and 
that  in  all  probability  he  was  indebted 
to  him  for  the  preservation  of  his  life, 
and  restoration  to  liberty. 

Trevanuion  fur  awhile  kept  his  own 
counsel,  and  "  pretended  as  though  he 
wist  not  of  this  courtesy  ;  to  the  out- 
ward shew  he  continued  his  wonted 
enmity  until  the  next  Christmas  after.** 
At  that  cheerful  period,  when  mirth 
and  hospitality  abounded  in  all  the 
'*  stately  homes  of  England,**  when,  as 
the  old  verse  goes, — 

Twas  merry  in  ball 
When  beards  wag  all, — 

one  evening,  whilst  Sir  liichard  Edg- 
cumbe  was  at  Mount  Edgcumbe  (that 
goodly  mansion  which  he  had  erected), 
entertaining  at  the  gladsome  season 
his  kinsfolK,  his  neighbours,  and  his 
friends,  with  hearty  and  true  hospi- 
tality, afler  the  fashion  of  the  West,  he 
was  interrupted  by  a  most  singular 
occurrence.  The  yule  logs  were  blaz- 
ing on  the  hearth,  the  flagons  and  cups 
filled  with  sparkling  mead,  spiced 
wines,  and  that  potent  ale  popularly 
known,  ever  since  the  days  of  the 
Saxon,  by  the  style  and  title  of  "  Old 
English  IIufT  Cap,**  were  in  flowing 
measure  circling  round  the  board, 
when  the  master  of  misrule  for  the 


nonce,  with  his  wand  of  office  in  his 
hand,  made  his  obeisance  to  the  lord 
of  the  feast,  and  invoked  silence  by  in- 
timating that  he  came  to  announea 
tidings  of  grave  concernment. 

The  harper  stopped  in  the  midst  of 
a  lively  song  that  he  was  carolling  to 
the  twang  of  a  crazy  old  harp,  nearly 
worn  out  with  the  service  of  half  a 
century ;  the  fool  lefl  unfinished  one 
of  his  standing  Christmas  jests;  Sir 
liichard  Edscumbe  suspended  the 
pledge  of  good-fellowship  he  was  about 
to  give,  and  put  down  the  cup  un- 
tasted  upon  the  board ;  whilst  aU  pre* 
sent  turned  their  heads,  as  if  moved 
by  one  great  pivot,  towards  the  master 
of  misrule,  and  opened  both  their 
mouths  and  their  ears  to  receive  the 
news. 

It  was,  however,  with  something 
more  than  a  feeling  of  mere  curiosity 
Sir  Richard  and  his  guests  learned  that 
a  company  of  armed  men  were  landed 
from  Plymouth,  and  were  marching 
up  to  the  house.  Heaven  alone  could 
tell  with  what  intent.  Sir  liichard,  it 
so  chanced,  had  previously  heard  that 
Trevannion  was  in  that  good  towD, 
and  be  now  apprehended  his  ancient 
enemy  had  watched  what  he  deemed 
to  be  the  most  favourable  opportunity 
to  set  upon  him  unawares,  and  was 
coming  to  his  house  with  some  moet 
dire  and  hostile  intent:  resolved  to 
shew  neither  want  of  courtesy  to 
strangers  (if  such  they  were)  from 
niotives  of  fear,  nor  yet  to  lie  open  to 
an  enemy  unprepared,  should  he  de- 
sign serious  injury.  Sir  Kichard  or* 
dered  his  gates  to  be  set  wide  open, 
but  took  the  precaution  to  place  his 
servants  and  followers,  armed  with 
sword  and  buckler,  on  either  side  of 
the  hall,  so  as  to  form  a  lane  through 
which  whoever  came  must  pass  on  en- 
tering. 

But  soon  all  these  doubts  and  fears 
"  were  turned  into  pastime,**  for  the 
strangers  appeared  to  be  no  other  than 
a  set  of  Christmas  maskers.  "Their 
armour  and  weapons  were  onlv  painted 
paper ;  and,  instead  of  trying  their 
force  with  blows  in  fighting  with  men. 
thcv  fell  to  make  proof  of  the  ladies 
skill  in  dancing.***  How  much  does 
this  arrival  of  a  set  of  revelling  masken 


♦  Prince's  Worthies  of  Deron. 


(to  go  ab<-^ut  in  -urh  companies  Menu 
to  hare  Uxn  a  CLristiuA?  iicec-vl  re- 
mini  '■■ne  of  that  s-.er.e  in  >iLik«pcre- 
when?  Hvcrr  ihr  E  L'hth  '.o:».e<  with 

m 

a  mu?N-- i  ■■  -iiii'-iiv  :.i  ;::•.-  Lkn-.u-.-i  ■■! 
CanlLiial  WoIt^-^  — 


44d  CoteUi  and  th€  Edg'yumbes  of  the  Olden  Timtf.  [Not. 

other  companr  rstojiketl  in  a  nvmpk't 
rJtire  I.  to  match  with  one  of  his  dauj^- 
lcr»;  which  iiiarriajre  a^nranls  came 
10  j.^a.  Ai*  1  her«  I  shouM  also  run 
uut  iiiio  eoiuiuendatioa  of  this  rare 
thai-ktulne-s,  save  that  thi:i  Knighfs 
manv  other  shews  of  his  right  nobie 
mmd  are  *o  well  known,  that  ther 
need  not,  and  so  great  that  they  can- 
not, be  pr^ii^ed  enough." 

It  is  not  a  little  curious  that  Tre- 
rannion  should  choose  ^'a  nymph^s  ai' 
ftir"  tor  the  young  gentleman  be 
brought  to  woo  so  fuir  a  ladj  ai  a 
dauj:hier  of  ihe  house  of  Edgcumbe. 
Did  Shukspere  call  to  mind  this  de- 
rh^  s..me  fow  years  later,  when  he 
luade  Mj*ier  Slender  run  awaj  with  "a 
great  lubberly  boy,  in  woman's  apparel," 
in  mistake  !ur  **  $weet  Ann  JPage?" 
Had  s«»me  of  our  immortal  bard's 
learne-i  cunnuentators  been  aware  of 
the  circumstance  narrated  bj  Caraw, 
I  hoy  w.^uM  have  given  the  poet  an 
example  for  one  of  his  most  comic 
Hirata^(-n.»  in  one  of  his  most  delight* 
ful  and  amusing  comedies.  Though 
we  are 


■  -  >*.■•  ~ 
A  ti'.V.t  .0*-^'-;.       W.-j,:  4re  tic:.-  :  :ra»-r*»  ■'" 

Of  Vaa%  <,:..* .s  a:.  1  -  i*.r  x.^^msz::,:'.*. 
Thi*  ^^•..: :.  =.™:  -.T.-t.  'J.s?  . .-  :  -j  '■  ;*-. 
Ob:  of  Cr  *t«a:  r —je.:  t'  -.:  V^r  : .  V.u-:/. 
Bat   '•"■—  *    •■  "    "*  »""^»        i-!.    ■_■_  l»r    \ 


:ea-.  c 


■ir    Ii:: 


An  hour    :  rt-.e-".*  *.:  -  *.-■  :•'-  ' 
*•  ruey  .'.».*.•.  z.:  •-->  i«-.r  ;.  -v  .rrj-.e. :  r  w.- 
lljyT'.r:::  j.«.-A'-r^.. 
A  th:--*:. :  ::;A:.i«i"',  i.  i   :r**   :  ..tj  t* 


Ai'ter  the  maskers  ha>i  liance^l  a 
round  with  the  fair  ladiv.*^  Sir  lliohari 
Eldgcunibo  (even  as  di^l  Wolsoy  with 
the  King  and  his  company)  shewed 
the  way  to  the  feast.  "  These  p:\st iuio< 
at  last  Loin 2  onilexl,"  savs  Carew.  ••  thcv 
were  U^l  into  another  n^»m  to  l»e  ban- 


loli   that    the   marriage   was 

queted :  where  this  Kniiilii,  taking  otl  happily  bn-tughi  about,  we  nre  not  told 

hi«  vizani,  and  ilisclosing  himself  to  the  Chri>tian  name  of  the  bride,  nor 

Sir  Richard,  said  that,  having  known  any  particulars  of  the  wedding.     To 

the  great  ci>urtesv  shown  to   him   in  return  to  Sir  Hichard  Kdf;cumbe.    He 

«■.  It  «  "I*  ft*it*  % 


his  trouble,  besides  his  hn^kin^.  and 
contrary  id  his  deserving,  ho  was  CiMne 
thither  to  yield  him  his  nu'>t  ilue  thaiiks 
for  the  same,  assuring  him  that  he 
would  from  thenoo forth  rest  a<  his 
faithful  frienil.  as  ever  before  ho  li.iil 
shewn  himself  a  profes>ed  enemy  :  in 
witness  of  which  his  true  mi/aning, 
and,  to  strengthen  the  frieud>hip  newly 
besun  in  <mk.mI  will  wirh  a  Uxyi  knot 
of  alliunoe.  he  there  pro^onted  him  a 
youni;  gentleman,  his  nephew,  a  wanl. 
and  the  heir  df  hl^  house  (who.  Ix'ing 
of  fair  fjosse^siuii-..  came  amongst  the 


W.1S  of  a  mild  and  nentle  nature,  and 
none  oxeelleil  him  in  the  liberality,  ai 
well  as  the  prudence,  nf  his  house- 
keeping. "  lie  maintained  a  large 
hnus^'hol  1.  .ind  had  a  sufficient  com- 
pany oi  servants  to  attend  him  at  his 
table.  I  ho  u\*<i  part  iff  ic/ZoMeii  hu  birih^ 
and  all  ot'  ihein  Inith  trained  in  ser- 
vice, un-l  ciiurtoous  t«»  such  strangers 
as  h.uintiHi  the  house,  who,  when  tnej 
came,  t'ound  themselves  so  well  en- 
tertained, that  the  go^xl  Knight  was 
selibMu  without  company."*  And  so 
great  wa^  his  hospitality  to  foreigners, 


*  It  appears  that  it  W3«  at  this  tiino  a  custom  in  EniEl.inil  lo  commit  to  the  care  of 
Mme  of  the  pnnci|tal  faiuilit*  young  Uil:e»  -iiul  gcnilfuitn  o(  biiih.  in  order  that  they 
mi^ht  be  well  trained  and  oducited.  The  Courtcmys  ut  Powdcrham,  and  the  Greo- 
villex  of  Stow,  had  scTeral  such  young  pereons  undiT  tl.cir  care ;  "  whence  (says 
Polwl.elr.  they  acquired  a  lively  sense  of  honour,  i»t'  personal  dignity,  and  family 
dintibction  ;  hence  that  fondne*."  for  adventure.  ^\\\Ai  liircn  a  louiautic  colour  over 
the  traii!)actiuns  both  of  public  and  private  life."  The  Iciriud  and  worthy  hii^torian 
of  f.'oriiwall  gives  a  curious  instance  of  the  tratuth(!  and  educution  of  these  young 
perionn  in  the  following  story  : — "Tradition  irlU  us  that  Ssr  William  CourtonHy,  io 
the  tiiiii;  of  Klizabeth^  had  the  superintendence  of  »e\cr:d  younc  pe^^ple  of  the  West,  at 
Fowd*:rhim  (.'»Ktle;  and  it  is  said  that  those  gentlemen  h:«% in c  rohbed,  in  a  wanton 
fr'jli'-,  Rome  pfople  upon  the  road  as  they  were  t%M«|i  lo  nxaiket.  were  tried  at  the 
o•^fciz*-ll  f'tr  the  robbery,  when  Sir  Willijim  Courtenay  w:**  m}'«mi  tin-  IWnch.  to  intercede 
for  them  with  the  Judge.  In  the  course  of  the  trial.  Su  W  ilium,  incensed  at  some 
2 


1853.]        Cotaltf;  and  the  Edgcumbei  oftht  Olden  Time 

tkut,  at  on<i  Lime,  he  cotci'tuiutvl  nt  bin 
house  Arte  Admirals,  one  being  of 
Eagluod,  anuther  of  Spain,  nnd  the 
lliiril  of  Fiunders. 

Sir  Hichard  EJgcumbe  wn£  n  iniin 
of  an  entu-ged  charity,  and  of  a  moat 
bountilul  apirit ;  &nd  greatly  was  it 
exercised.  The  destruutioa  of  the  ino- 
noslerieg  had  proved  f^itnl  to  many  of 
the  old,  the  aick,  and  the  helpU'st,  wliu 
received  their  daily  support  I'rom  the 
monks;  and  it  was  long  before  relief 
could  be  organised  and  formed  into 
anything  like  a  system  in  the  reign 
of  Elizabeth,  when  England  became 
blessed  with  to  truly  Christian  an  in- 
stitution as  that  of  the  poor  law.  In 
Sir  Richard's  time  beggars  were  almost 
innumerable  throughout  the  limd;  and 
whilst  many  were  rogues  and  cheats, 
not  a  fe«r  were  objecU  of  real  cliarity. 
Sir  Itichard  made  it  n  point  of  duty  to 
relieve  all  he  met,  and,  contequently, 
he  never  stirreil  out  but  he  met  beg- 
gars of  all  ages,  kinds,  despi-iptioDS, 
and  degrees. 

On  one  occasion  he  gave  one  of  these 
"  &  gold  pieee  of  tan  instead  of  a  tester, 
and  the  poor  man,  seeing  the  error, 
came  crouching  to  him,  ofTeriuK  to 
retnm  it,  whereupon  Sir  Richard,  loath 
to  have  his  alms  known,  would  not  so 
much  as  hear  the  poor  rellaw,  but 
huffed  him  with  'Anay,  knave;  if  I 
catch  you  here  again,'  &c."  On  this 
circunulance  his  good  old  biographer 
remarks,  "This  beagnr,  for  his  truth, 
in  my  judgment,  deserved  to  (lOiueM 
the  hoardcu  treasures  of  mnny  aniprAi> 
iiiu  graff;  and  the  knight,  for  hia  libe- 
rality, was  worthy  to  find  the  heavenly 

This  truly  estimable  Sir  Rlchanl 
Edgcumbe  was  married  to  Join,  daugh* 
ter  and  heiress  of  Stephen  Dernford, 
of  East  Slonehouse.  Neither  the  year 
i)f  his  death  nor  the  place  of  his  burial 
are  on  record  ;  but  the  memory  of  his 
'  '        '  n  monument  in  the 


curious  and   iiuaint 


Ji^"" 


4491 

Carcw,  "  the  famous  tiuthor  of  the  Siir- 
neigh  of  CoTRKoW  (na  Prince  calif 
htm),  ham  whose  rare  production  a 
few  choice  scraps  have  been  gleaned 
for  this  sketch. 

Another  circumstance,  far  more  ex- 
traordinary Uiau  any  yet  related  in 
connection  wiih  Colele,  is  bo  well 
authenticated  that  not  even  a  doubt 
rests  about  its  truth,  and  with  the  rela- 
tion of  it  this  paper  shall  be  brought 
to  a  close.  It  refers  to  the  mother  of 
tliat  Sir  Richard  Kdgcumbe,  knight, 
who,  in  1748,  was  created  Baron  of 
Mount  Fid^fcumbe. 

The  fnmily  were  residing  at  Cotele 
(I  do  not  know  the  date  of  the  year) 
when  Lady  Edgcumbe  became  much 
indisposed,  and,  to  all  appearance,  died. 
How  long  alter  is  not  stated,  but  her 
body  was  deposited  in  the  family  vault 
of  the  parish  church.  The  interment 
hud  not  long  taken  place  before  the 
sexton  (who  must  have  heanl  from 
the  nurse  or  the  servants  that  she  was 
buried  with  something  of  value  upon 
her)  went  down  into  uie  vault  at  mid- 
night, anil  contrived  to  force  open  th« 
coffin.  A  gold  ring  was  on  her  lady- 
ship's Gnger,  which,  in  a  hurried  way, 
he  attempted  to  draw  olT,  but  not 
readily  succeeding,  he  pressed  with 
great  violence  the  finger.  Upon  this 
the  body  moved  in  the  coffin,  and  such 
was  the  terror  of  the  man  that  he  ran 
Dwny  as  fast  as  he  could,  leaving  his 
lantern  behind  him.  Lady  Edgcumbe 
arose,  astonished  at  finding  herself 
dressed  in  grave -clothes,  and  num- 
bered with  the  tenants  of  the  vault 
She  took  np  the  lantern,  and  proceeded 
at  once  to  the  mansion  of  Cotele.  The 
terror,  followed  by  the  rejoicing  of  her 
family  and  household,  which  such  ■ 
resurrection  from  the  tomb  occasioned 
may  well  be  conceived.  P^iactty  five 
years  after  this  circumstance  she  be- 
came the  mother  of  that  Sir  Biohord 
Edgcumbe  who  was  created  baron. 

Polwhele,  in  his  History  of  Corn- 
wall,  says,*  "Of  the  authenticity  of 


^ 


by  that  piunstaJiing  antiquary,  Richard 

exprwiioQ  of  the  Judge,  itood  op  and  (hrtaiened,  as  be  graswd  hii  iward,  that  he 
wootd  make  the  Judge's  sliirl  is  red  u  lii>  lorlet  gawn.  Sir  Williim,  bowever,  con- 
■idering  nhat  liE  lisd  done,  lock  bone,  lod  rode  post  to  London,  and  fell  on  bi*  kneel 
before  bis  roiril  miitreai,  Elinbeth.  '  CaarleoiT.' nid  the  Qaeen,  'wbit  hare  yon 
beca  gaill;  of  now  ?'  On  hii  reciting  tbe  tnnsictioa,  the  Qneen  refaKd  to  pirdon 
bim.  reaenthig  »  jlai^nt  an  iffropt  to  tba  repreientstiTe  of  her  gradoos  perton  ;  bat 
the  image  of  a  oace  ftitoared  Courteusj  soon  rfcnrred  [o  her  meiaory,  and  her  s< 
was  softened  into  Ibrgiienrir  " 

•  Polnrhele'i  History  " 

Gkht.  Mas.  Vol.  J( 


[         Ghit.  ! 


450 


The  Antk^U  ofAfpHiit. 


[Xot. 


thifi  event  then*  can  be  no  reiaonablc 
ildulit.  A  few  jcarit  ago  a  pnitleman 
rif  \\\y  ac<  111:1  intani^c  heard  ail  the  par- 
tifulur;*  (»t'  the  transaction  from  the 
lair  LopI  (ir.ive<.  of  Thanck^s  ^hich 
iM  ill  thi'  iici^lilNjurhuofl  of  Cotele.  But 
I  iH'i'il  not  iiji]H?al  tu  Lord  (vraves* 
autliuritv,  11.4  1  ri.'colleot  the  namtiTe 
»!>  <'*iaiin;!  from  thir  liftj*  of  my  grand* 
iiKitiuT,  I'olwiicic,  whii  iise«l  to  render 
i\\v  KU\Yy  rxtrtMnolj  intercMinfr,  from 
R  vurii'ty  of  ininiito  oirc'uuiiitanoea ; 
ami  whi),  fntni  Iut  ronnoxion  and  inti- 
niiii'v  uf  her  rtwn  with  the  Edgcumbe 
faiiiilv,    was    ini<iut'!<tionabIv   well  in- 

V  I  V 

foniii-il  on  tho  ?*ulijiH:t." 

It  may  .loi.'ni  strange  that  when  Lady 
J-jlgrumlH;  wn?i  thuH  connnitteil  to  the 


grave  ihe  was  not  buried  in  iMd;  ta 
at  the  period  of  her  tapMid  doAil 
was  very  anniiul  to  M17  P**^ 
even  of  hieh  rank  end  lUtiaB,  ia  a 
leaden  coffin  if  thej  died  and  vcr 
buried  in  the  oountry.  Tbe  nemit 
town  to  Cotele,  of  eny  note,  wm  Flf- 
rooath,  a  aee-oort,  to  wkich  tkenwa 
then  no  regular  road  finoea  tkt  fth 
distant  old  nkansion;  and  I  qaertia 
if.  at  that  period,  Pljaaoath  ooud  hait 
furnished  such  an  unnaual  thing  ai  a 
leaden  coffin.  Ladj  fidgcnmbe  wii 
probably  buried  in  oak,  aecvred  \n 
nailt  or  acrewa,  which,  withont  aun 
difficulty,  could  be  forced  cocn  fay  At 
nexton  in  his  meditated  roboeiyoifte 
body. 


THE  ANNALS  OF  APPETITE. 


rr  was  »ai<l  of  Montcsquicu^s  Esprit 
dpi  Loix,  tii:it  it  wa«  a  buok  which  he 
hu't  wiittun  by  "bitsi.**  1  do  not  know 
tinil  it  wa!«  any  tlu*  wor^w  fur  that;  but 
what  wiiN  itflirnicd  of  the  work  of  the 
iini:r  fuHliionuble  Abbv  may  certainly 
ai.Ho  bu  saitl  of  a  gay-looking  volume 
wliirli  huK  nmitiy  apitcured  under  the 
Hounding  tillo  of  '^  Tantropheon/*  and 
wliicli  iirofi.>K.st'H  to  be  the*  ^Mlistory  of 
K(hhI  and  iti  I'reimrution  from  the  ear- 
li«v,t  \\ry^  of  lliii  M  orlil.'*  The  author 
numrcl  on  {\w.  tillL'-i)u;;ts  in  lulterst  of 
the  (Milour  of  *'wuts  ti  In  neigc/*  in  no 
lc!<s  a  |M.T;40M  than  Monsieur  Soyur,  who 
profr^.-L'H  only  to  linvi'  nndcrtuken  the 
ta:4k  after  liaving  waited  in  vain  to  sec 
it  uf'complislird  by  others. 

If  til  is  IxNik  lie  eonipiiretl  with  the 
"Kilb»  lie  r()ra;;e"  of  the  same  author, 
hitt  prn^rchN  in  (*onip>8ilion  will  at  once 
br  Tivvw.  'rh(5  former  was  in  bad 
l''r»'nfh  ;  the  latter  i«  in  very  excellent 
KniilisI).  'rinmehiilaH  of  KIkkIcs  was 
u  mole  antl  a  poet  of  high  renown. 
NVhy  should  not  the  ex-**  chef"  at  the 
"Heform"  l)o  u  writer  of  history  as 
wi!ll  as  an  inventor  of  di.slies?  The 
HujM'nibiuHlant  display  of  learning  in 
this  voUune  eertainly  excites  a  little 
Huspifioii  as  to  its  actual  authorship ; 
ami,  despite  the  extraordinary  table 
ol  refiTences  ut  the  en<l  of  the  work. 
It  IS  hunl  to  believe  that  M.  Soyer's 
reading  has  embraced  a  hundredth  part 
ot  It.     It  must  still  be  permitted  to 


all  readers   to  Ancj  that 

is  assuredly,  what  he  might  well  be 
satisfied  with  its  bdng,  moelj  «*Xatti 
de  Cuisine" 

Kor  is  there  any  disparagemcBt  tf 
that  gentleman*8  merita  in  aneh  a 
statement.  He  saya  of  the  dk^  cf 
by -gone  days  that  ^*  in  the  middle  ifgH 
the  cook  of  a  house  of  any  note  always 
seated  himself  in  a  hish  nrm-chaif,  to 
give  his  onlers.  He  held  a  Ions  woods 
spoon  in  his  hand,  with  which  he  tatted, 
without  (quitting  his  place,  the  Tariou 
dishes  that  were  cooking  on  the  itovei 
and  in  the  saucepans,  and  which  served 
him  also  us  a  wea|)on  with  which  to 
chastise  the  idle  and  gluttonous.**  Even 
so  may  M.  Soycr  be  contemplated  u 
an  author ;  aud  the  materials  coUeeted 
by  literary  assistants  have  been  adopted 
by  him,  it  may  be  supposed,  acooraing 
as  his  taste  and  fancy  prompted.  The 
result  is  before  the  world  in  a  book 
which  is  like  many  of  its  author*! 
ditjhes :  it  has  a  hard  name  for  the 
multitude,  but  is  pleasant  to  dip  into. 

A  *<  mensa  tripes  *'  was  undoubtedly 
the  support  on  which  the  first  sheet  of 
the  ♦•  ran-trophcon  •*  was  commenced; 
and,  if  the  author  had  the  enthusiaam 
as  well  as  the  reading  for  which  he 
gives  himself  credit,  no  doubt  his  winged 
quill  was  plunged  into  the  atramenhim 
with  an  ecstiiuc  cry  of  "  Eiamus  quo 
ducit  gula  I  **  His  predecessor  Ude  did 
something  of  the  same  sort,  and  **  imi' 


1S53.J 


The  Anuali  uf  Appetite. 


451 

jnnctiun.  Nay.  roynl  nooks  of  by-pin*  | 
timei  enjoyed  aonielhing  more  thnn  > 
reooiin  by  Ijenruiy.  'Ins  dialics  thjit 
uiiloudiuil  li^n  lliu  ToyA\  Ubic  at  Ver> 
sbiUm  were  »oli|  to  eager  purobiueM 
in  till.-  town,!  whose  inliabitanU  Inved 
lo  tlinc  upon  what  hitd  bKn  de»i)cneil  , 
tor  a  monarch's  dlgestiun.  And  tha 
nuthora  of  th«  design  vp«rc  nrtiita  in 
iheir  wBj.  Tbus,  the  king's  table  in 
Lent  appenred  to  the  eye  (o  he  cuv«re4 
with  «a  onitlesa  variety  of  forbiddai  | 
dishes  of  mi^at  and  poultry  ;  but  thci" 
in  realitr  were  all  composed,  by  wha 
the  author  learnodty  ualls  a  "  oata- 
obrwis,"  of  fieh  and  vegelablen,  pre* 
jiared  au  maigre,  and  made  to  took 
exactly  like  jihat  they  were  not.  Th« 
pride  of  the  arUst  etTuclin^  this  waf 
immense,  and  ao  was  bis  pay.  It  ma» 
not  to  him  that  could  ha*e  been  ap- 
plied the  line  of  the  satire  wliiirb  apealtl 
of  one  who  "  affects  tba  Tool,  and  it 
wliac  he  affects,"  Tbers  was  not  one  J 
who  could  not  hare  looked  in  the  fiicM  ] 
of  Tbinibron  and  Artemidorus,  of  iU» 
lluecus,  and,  the  most  renowned  ofall)  ] 
tlie  Syracusnn  Archeslratua,  and  bav 
sud.wilhwell'BUthoriaL'dcnmplacencT.  I 
— "Et  uioi  nussije  *uis  cuisinier."  IC  1 
Selecb  and  Misnr,  the  Pbtpnlcians, — if 'I 
it  took  two  uoolu  of  eiioh  u  lagadou 
rnce  Ui  discover  tile  ute>  of  salt  in 
acusoning,— what  honour  i»  tint  due  lO 
tbe  memorr  of  the  iodividnnl  wbo  io- 
troduce>l  tni<  nmglitr  A  la  tmptnuliiuif 
M.  Sover  bns  nut  been  so  well  sup- 
plied with  pinchus  of  htstjirioal  incidents 
touching  "  salt " — the  ftrat  of  aeaaoiw 
ings — as  he  might  hare  been,  lie  doea 
iiideeil  relate  a  curious  faet,  namctjr, 
tbat  the  still-esisLing  salt-tax  inFranea 
woa  nrifilnally  levied  after  tbe  battlfl 
of  Foicliori,  In  order  to  ray  the  ransom 
of  the  Fritnch  king  John,  iberi  a  pri- 
Boner  in  the  "Saitoy."  [  'ITiu  mlarkim 
of  the  Roman  soldiers  was  paid  in  kind 

*  "  Dinner  "  is  tlie  ahhrntstBd  form  of  "dinsme  hsucc,"  the  aarly  hoar  of  te 
hIusIi  people  dined  in  tbe  meili«Tid  *ge. 

t  So  it  is  Mid  that  imtnEnH  prices  were  ;i>eD  for  the  socend-hsud  pltts  of  Cur£alk.,1 
after  Ihci  bul  left  the  Reteat'a  ubie.  I 

X  Sit  Jamei  Stepbca,  an  authority  net  inrerior,  it  m>y  be  presDnirJ,  lo  M.  Sojer|  1 
sUtfs  that  the  inTenlion  of  llic  gabtllt  wm  the  set  of  Philip  tbe  Lon;,    The  FreucB  J 
historian   D«s  Malauns  affirms  that  it  au  Arst  impoard  by  Philip  ihs  Fair.    Th>  1 
Philips  of  Vrnice  weir,  Kenenllj,   ditettsble  fiaancleca.     Tliaa,    Fliilll)|M    I*    llardl 
rsiacd  mont-j  by  selling  titlti  uf  nobility.      He  who  *s«  Bumamed   ■'  the  Pair,"  wsj 
■lao  called  "  the  Coiner,"   in  allaaion  to  hia  chealinc  |iraellcta  In  bis  oaii  iniiil 
Philip  Oil-  Long  (Bsed  hia  pFupIs  witHoul  ttie  eonaeni  of  Uie  Sutn>(lenrnl.     With 
'  '    '*  d  "  uJMUe,''  1  nay  ebserv 


laberia  Uda "  may  hare  giren  him  en- 
couragement as  he  was  reading  the 
epistles  fif  bis  farourite  Horace  at  tbe 
window  of  hie  fashionable  residence, 
"  42.  Trinity  Square,  Tower  Hill," 
cloaely  adjacent  to  one  of  the  foui' 
relics  of  old  T^ndou  Wall.  If  phy 
ticaiM  have  penned  essays  on  the  art 
of  cookery,  why  should  not  a  cook  toa* 
up  treatises  li  TAifloriqne  on  the  same 
fu^ectr 

The  cook  in  n  French  kitchen  was 
as  the  Grand  Mononjue  nt  Versailles : 
"  Vitat,  e'eat  moi'/"  He  was  chief  in 
the  cuUinr,  and  wag  an  aristocrat  in 
the  dining-room,  where  he  appeared 
to  witness  tbe  serving  of  dinner,*  with 
a  cocked  bat  on  his  head,  and  a  sword 
on  his  thigh.  The  suicide  of  Valel, 
because  of  the  non-arrival  of  an  ex- 
pected supply  of  Ssb,  shows  that  these 
sensitive  creatures  of  the  olden  lirae 
could  use  their  swords  like  gentlemen, 
if  not  like  Christiana.  But  cooht  were, 
in  those  days,  a  gtuiti  gentle  race.  If 
they  only  bad  the  good  fortune  to  come 
from  Langucdoe.  they  received  a  sti- 
pend which  would  have  made  a  bishop 
envious ;  and  tbey  rolled  through  the 
streets  ol'  the  capital  in  gilded  carriages, 
whose  wheels  bespattered  the  poor 
tcaobera  of  geometry  and  other  trifle*, 
who  went  vulgarly  a-foot.  But  what 
was  a  poor  paltry  professor  of  mathe- 
motiea  to  a  race  of  artists  who,  when 
moatication  becamo  vulgar,  invented 
"bouillons"  and  "conaorames?"  Tbey 
acknowledged  no  authority  bat  the 

E)liea  power  once  invested  in  the 
hurcli,  nhieb,  like  Ihepricats  of  Mem* 
phis,  hut  not  for  the  anmc  by^eniu 
purpose,  forbade  new-laid  eggs  jn  Lent, 


and  scizeil  n 


the  t 


,  when  these  repwls  were  t 
Dookeil  in  strict  conformity  with  tl 
TecijWi  enjoined  by  archiepiscopal  ii 


le  word  "  giJMUe,''  1  nay  ebserve  that  UMtay  « 


452  The  Anualt  ofApptlUe.  C^^- 

before  "salt-money,*"  a  true  ^powr  **  and  the  inhabitaiiti  of  Pdntaa,  Scytfcb. 
hoire  /"  wai  giyen  to  them.    It  is  some-  and  Cappadocia,  partook  of  thk  strange . 
what  singular,  also,  that  two  distinct  taste."    The  inhabitants  of  flie  M- 
nations,  one  Christian,  the  other  hca-  named  locality  had  itranger  tastes  tua 
then,  have  made  the  deprivation  of  the  one  here  noticed.    They  were  the 
salt  a  punishment  for  oHenders.    But  jieoplc  whose  name  Iloraee  Walpoje 
Holland  kept  it  only  from  criminal  could  not  remember,  but  of  whan  he 
oflTenders,  and  indeed   abolished   the  had  heard  as  refusing  liberty  when  it 
practice  when  it  was  found  to  be  pro-  was  offered  to  them  by  the^  Ramans. 
ductive  of  the  most  terrible  diseases.  Cranaus,  King  of  Athens,  is  said  to 
The  old  Mexican,  or  Aztec,  govern-  have  been  the  first  man  who  maeu 
ment,  on  the  other  hand,  in  cases  of  water  with  his  wine.    The  inundation 
rebellion,  deprived  entire  provincLMi  of  of  Greece,  and  the  loss  of  his  throne, 
the  precious  commo<lity,  and  left  in  no-  are  recorded,  by  Greek  Spdman^M 
cent  and  guilty  alike  to  rot  to  death,  tlie  consetjuences  of  an  act  denoancod 
It  was  one  of  those  acts  of  cruelty  as  sacrilegious.    But  the  God  of  Wine 
which  Nemesis  d«es  not  lose  sight  of,  was  more  jjreatly  dishonoured  in  other 
and  the  first  Indian  alli^  of  Cortez  places.    The  Scythians,  for  instance, 
were  the  people  who  ha<l  most  suffered  refused  t(»  worship  a  deity  who  caused 
by  the  deprivation  in  question.    The  them  to    become    intoxicated. _    The 
want  of  salt  has  killed  more  men  than  anient  divinity  found  compensatioa  ibr 
have  died  of  too  plentifully  eatins  of  such  general  neglect  in  the  fenroar  of 
mushror>ms,  whose  claims  to  the  title  individuals.    \Vhen  we  are  told  that 
of  murderous,  we  believe,  M.  Soyer  is  Ariadne,  abandoned  by  Theseus,  was 
not  disposed  in  any  way  to  dispute,  consoled  by  Bacchus,  nothing  more,  I 
If  the  ancients  had  Itolieved  of  tliesc,  think,  is  meant  than  that  the  lady  dried 
as  they  did  of  truffles,  that  they  were  her  tears  and  took  to  drinking.    The 
sown    bpr  thunderbolts    in    autumnal  Romans,  however,  did  not  approve  of 
storms.  It  would  have  been  more  sug-  this  worship  on  the  part  of  ladies; 
gestive  of  their  deadly  effects.  and  Micennius  immolated  his  wife  on 
Next   to    mushrooms,   our   author  the  top  of  the  very  butt,  at  the  hxanff' 
seems  to  tliink  that  Scotch  ale  may  hole  of  which  he  had  detected  her  in 
rank  among  the  things  that  are  de-  the  act  ofouenching  her  thirst,  after 
structivc  to  man.    He  descrit>es  it  "  as  that     ingenious    fashion    known    to 
perfidious  as  pleasure,**  and  it  serves  to  sailors  as  ^'  sucking  the  monkey."  But 
illustrate  the  assertion  of  Pliny,  that  it  is  time  now  to  turn  from  these  mat- 
**  Man  is  so  skilful  in   ilattering   his  ters  to  other  topics,   which  howerer 
vices,  that  he  has  even  found  means  to  can  only  be  considered  generally, 
render  water  poisonous  and  intoxicat-         For  hve  centuries  after  the  founda- 
ing.**     Malt  beverages  were  not  cared  tion  of  Rome,  the  art  of  making  bread 
for  by  either  Italian  or  Greek ;  but  I  as  wc  now  make  it,  was  unknown.^  The 
think  the  readers  of  Xenopbon  will  lack  of  civilisation  which  this  indicates 
rememl>er  how  ill  tliat  generaVs  famous  was  hardly  compensated   for  at  the 
retreat  he  came  upon  a  tribe  who  not  luxurious   table   of  Lentuhis,  where 
only  drank  liccr,  but  imbibed  it  through  the  first  course  consisted  of  sea-hedge- 
straws,  as  piK>plc  do  the  more  modem  hogs.    The    moderns    however   have 
and  less  healthy  Ijeverage  of  '*  sherry-  made  sensible  progrees  in  the  means, 
cobbler.**!  Good  old  "  barley- wine**  is  appliances,  and  uses  of  gastronomy ; 
nssurcilly  more  deserving  of  the  title  and  now-a-days  we  not  only  dine  for 
of  thcobroma  than  cocoa  was,  though  the  poor  and  dance  for  the  afflicted, 
Linnffius  so  called  it,  as  the  "  food  of  but  wc  dine  well,  and  dance  with  a 
(or  fit  for)  the  gods.**    Not  that  the  grace    that  might  win  a  smile  from 
latter  api>cars  to  have  been  particular,  Venua  or  D*Egville. 
for  ambrosia  was  after  all  nothing  but        It  was  a  settled  maxim  with  Dr. 
a  distillation  from  the  horns  of  a  goat !  Johnson  tliat  everything  was  "grass." 
Ihe   Persians     were    water-drinkers,  lie  was  not  the  «^««^l  inTentor  of 

a  limilarlx  sounding  Hebrew  word,  which,  he  ssys,  signifies  «  fr  *«i?M 

It  from  the  Hebrew  "  gap,*'  a  tribute. 
•  See  the  Aoabasis,  L  iv.  c.  5. 


1853,] 


The  Annalt  of  Apptiil*. 


the  moxuu.  The  ancieol  people,  the 
Jews,  tmced  to  the  Bome  source  (the 
earth,  of  whose  bosuin  it  vaa  the  grace- 
fill  Tell)  the  founlai[iB  whence  sprung 
man/  of  thoir  cnjoyuientn.  Romulus 
inudc  priesis  uf  the  twelve  soaa  of  his 
nurse,  who  had  the  grass,  or  in  other 
words  the  advancement  of  agriculture, 
fur  their  peculiar  care.  In  tlioae  times, 
horses  at  the  plough  hud  their  mouths 
rinsed  with  wine  \  snd  then,  and  down 
to  a  later  period,  the  plough  itself  was 
loolceil  upon  with  a9  much  supersli- 
tious  allecliuQ  bj  its  driver,  aa  a 
Mahratta  gun  i<i  considered  by  its 
peculiar  artillerTUien.  "  Speed  the 
Plough"  has  indeed  long  been  ihe 
prayer  of  all  nations  i  but  ancient  i 


Mechi,  of  Tiptrec  Faroi, 
put  down  even  the  plough.  Let  us 
add,  while  on  the  subject  of  .iziieul- 
ture,thBt,0(innect&i  therewith,  Charles 
IX.  of  France  eommilleil  the  only 
Kood  action  that  vta  fairly  be  laid  to 
his  diar);e.  Ue  cxempCed  all  active 
Agriculturists  from  seizure  for  debt. 
\ye  doubt,  howcrer,  whether  they  de- 
rived much  more  ndvuimgc  from  the 
loosely  drawn  up  act  of  exemption, 
tbuii  do  our  present  race  of  uiillers 
from  that  clause  uf  our  existing  sta- 
tute law,  which  ileclurcB  that  their 
mills  shall  not  be  titheable  if  they  were 
erected  previously  to  the  ninth  year  of 
the  reign  of  Edward  11.  ad.  \m. 
We  fear  (hat  this  remnant  of  protec- 
tion will  hardly  exact  the  gratitude 
even  of  the  millers. 

relnsgus  bad  altars  erected  to  liiut 
for  tolling  primitive  mankind  that 
beech-nuts  were  better  eating  than 
acorns ;  and  it  is  suggested  that  pork 
was  Grat  eaten  out  of  gratel'ul  recol- 
lection of  the  service,  because  pigs 
themselves  hail  a,  strong  stTection  lor 
the  Fetosgian  nutriment.  It  may  be 
ID,  as  muoy  Roman  families  owed  their 
name*  to  acts  connected  with  legends 
having  reference  to  agricultural  uat- 
tera.  The  House  of  Piao,  for  instance, 
in  its  nanie  recorde<l  the  fact  that  its 
founder  had  inCroduceil  the  method 
of  bruising  wheat  with  pestles.  From 
Ibu  field,  or  the  mill,  couie  loo  some  of 
the  best  runiembered  ol'the  "reat  ones 
of  intellectual  antiquity.  Pluutus, — 
"■•t  Farquhar  of  llie  uueienta,  ijuile  as 
•nJ  twice  ns  iiusly,  yet  che- 
ur  awl  Mutolated  by  Ma- 


rote,  when  j 
a  mill.    Nay, 
Fork  was  dona 
It  was  in  hit 

so  grossly,  it  is  not  be  wondered  at 
tliat  tlicir  sisters,  the  market-women, 
were  skilled  in  a  language  that  hoa 
not  yet  fallen  into  disuse  among  th^ 
deicendanU  Webelieve  that  Bi 
gate,  on  un  oyster-dar,  can  sup 
eloquence  that  would  astounc 
Plautus  himself. 

It  is  difficult  to  believe  that  t 
early  Romans  beat  their  enemies  ap 
nothing  better  than  gruel  and  a  littl#I 
vinegar.  Numa  neither  improved  tbeiTM 
digestion  nor  their  morals  when  b^  \ 
invented  cakes,  and  put  the  babe-housea 
under  the  care  of  a  goddess  called 
Fornax,  whose  worship  has  lasted  al- 
though  her  altars  have  been  removed. 
The  son  of  a  baker  was  compelled  to 
follow  his  father's  calling,  and  he  who 
married  a  baker's  daughter  was  forced 
to  take  to  the  trade  too.  This  wan 
all  very  well,  if  of  the  dnldt  pucUa  it 
could  have  been  said,  aa  of  her  cousin 
in  the  French  song,  "  La  Boulangcre 
a  des  £cus."  But  as  to  the  system,  M. 
Soyer  may  be  reminded  that  it  was 
of  general  application,  and  perhapt 
nothing  was  »o  obstructive  (o  true 
progress  in  Home  as  this  very  custom 
of  compelling  children  to  follow  the 
vocation  of  their  sires.  It  was  a  more 
inconvenient  law  than  that  by  which 
(as  in  old  Paris)  mutton  was  sold  at 
one  extremi^  of  the  city  and  beef  at 
another.  Veal  was  sold,  as  it  were,  at 
Hyde  Park  Corner,  but  if  you  wanted 
lamb  jou  must  have  gone  to  Whit«< 
chapel, — and  in  the  age  we  speak  of 
there  were  no  three|ienny  "  omnibi," 
nor  did  the  "Bee"  run  forahalfpenny 
between  any  of  the  landing-places  on 
the  Tiber.  The  slave  bud  nothing  to 
trust  to  hut  his  legs,  and  a  beating  if 
he  returned  home  tardily.  The  mar- 
kets themselves  were  well  regulated; 
but  we  ijuestion  if  the  image  of  Vesta 
secured  the  practice  of  honesty  therein, 


Of  what  was  brought  to  market 
undoubtedly  hear  a  world  of  hI 
things.     Thus  Pliny  asserts  lli 
who  Mwed  oata,  oj^  to  bia  astoitish- 


reini I 

■ige 

he  I 


T\*.  .-l^ibi 


.1,    -  ^-^ 


Not. 


i.  _»»•■•  -••  . .    :^.-.t 


-.*  - »  -  ■ 


-1: 


'r 


aust^"  -•*-  •  ■ -■  i'      :..—■;  i?-  :  j  .:.: . 

ar^"-T-"       '■•  .    '      <  '.-1    *'.•'•      -•   tl^ 

'/I  D.  .:.  ■*.  i  .V  : -■-  --•        '  -'   ■■  '*  *"-' 

itorr  w:..-. :.  !-.■..-  ■  ^   ^  r  r/.-r.    .  :  ."-.v.! 

m 

UAit.r.:;  j"    *  ■  ...  .-i'  *■  ■■   ;-■    -7     : 

p|'."»  •;  ■  1  --  .    ■/    •   -*■     -    ..-•--■»-      .-  - 

lor.u:.  -    •  .-         •■  •-•    :•    ■.•-■::■?.-: 

j.v»^  V.  .-  .  -!  ■  _■  ,.-  -c  I  :  V  ."'  -.:..'  .  ■■•_"*'• 
ar,'i.  -.v  --T  :  .x^r..:;-..  ■  r.:  rr  :  .■ 
th"  ■  :i  ••     *.    -   ■■  l'»*'  -  •  ••    ;  vr -^  i 

on:'.:.-  '  .\  '  .  ■.  -  "^  .•:--.  \  .  iJv? ' 
aii'l  •;■■:  ■*•  ■  '  -;■•*■"•  ^  .-:-;iw;Ti  ;.:- 
ow:,  ;.  .1.  .•  1  ■  r.  .;.  ■  :  Lf.  :  .  1:.  * 
v/ri  r*  •  .'.::  '■'■  i-  ■'■-■v  *.  w..-  v  i. .. 
III*  •.•  ■■        ■•>    ...     •  • 

iiiai';  ii  ;:■'■>■  ■^-i■■  :'  "  '  y  i'--- 
nki*:  ''T    K:-    ■#■■■:.    v  j-;? .   !■-.     .'   i    t:i']: 

only      Ifiir.'-      ?:■..■        ?.'■-*.      "  ■•  i      ■*     a.-.'. 

IViF  .M:ij;  -A*.*  ..I.- :i. .  :■  -.  Tl.iv-i  at 

*-iiairy-iii '■  i:"  '  'i'  --•"!•  ^  -'y  "*"'  •»■» 
to  M;  f'j'i!.'!  it.  I   i  -.ly  wi.  r-- 1'  ■■  -'viiirij 

fllll'-l   ar/i'-r.   ij-."   >;:■   <i.'.rj-    Ktlio- 

rj-l|f-    fjVI.-.iIl-..    ill     "  -ilK'     \\\\\     -.itif!-* 
'1  lj»:   '/■■■111  Sif'J"   iT  ■   to  il  iV-'  l*.-':!l  Im'M 

in  vjiri'i'i-  iji  /r' •  -  nl  '■-•iiM.iTiun  at 
vari'i'i-  ij'*'  II*.  J  .M"  I  i.i:;.'*::  '>}  »hjTii- 
tiT  oo'jII  r:':ii!.- J  ■  it  It.  h«»r  [.r"ii'»un«  0 
Ifn  n:»i/r-.  t  »r  tl.-  iri-on  MiiJ  tIj»-  iil.iok 
'•ii'ii  ;f.  i'.  ■"■•    'Ij-  1'iji"  •.;  '!--.t:li  !     I  lii* 

fjri'-'-i-   '<!    Aj»'iiln,  fill  ;if  iith<-r'  Ii:iii<]. 
lulii  jt.  ill  li'iit'liir  :iiiil  (Mt  it  with  «/r.'iti:- 
/iil  /ijifiit""!.     Nfi  <!riiilit.  I'.'ili   parly 


-  :aj:..-:c  -■.»'=i  lo  ::  dt 
l:     --:r:-;-.-=-i    ::    :rc«aii 

-  •  •■rr:-  "w-Li:  Bnmi- 

Lr^i-i.ir-.  on  ibe 


•  1  - 


•ir:i       -  1-r  - i.-.    -L  *.:->;!*  a:   Mem* 

Mr---.  '.:    z'-:zZ'-r'.:  ii*r»   ier*adeJ 
.:.  ■.  •_-   . — 1*  -T    :  .i:.i.^  eaiVn.  iihi 

■»  -.  .  *w_:.ir   mwt  was 

-r  :   .     --:   .:.-Tn::eJ.      R> 

:  1  - .  — •  -iT.c^  t^^n  bener 
:-l  '.    .   -..-.•_:.     A  rrviile'rtion  for 

;-.-     .-::•.--..   r.    -Ti*  unlou Mealy 
-:_      -.    -.  -    ;j:..     :i;jjra      we     *re 

.  ^*«..T-   -.     v^     •.    ^.  .     ^.^A   Xw«      «1«         X  OiZS 

ii  ;    ..  :-:.=  ir.i   :  :  . -i  calbjLffe  And 
--.:    :.      r  .    -T--:.:'.   :.r   ihe  cholic! 

I  .iT  ■  ..lirfi  :Lv  r'.niier  to  be  a 
■in.*  j.  ..:. i  f  :'--.•  '. .oked  uron  ihe 
Lr-.-r.il  ?i  .:.  -b^  f-rs:*  li^bi  :  while 
1  -.:  _•  A::.T:.!-r.  ::  tLvr^.  nhen  nurs- 
.r.j  :  :.-  .':.:.-:=.  r.*:  •"  I*  ii  lOJirrly.  ibr 
:'.r  •;::  :*ri  : -n.r.:  -r"  ih-eir  luckle*.* 
Z'T.j  .J.  i\r..\-»  ::.'*  wa«  the  cow- 
.i"'  :  .J-  A:  ..'i  ;  vt-n!-.  monitor  pro* 
:u  T  :.-  '^■.  rv  :"■:  lavcuriie*  ol*  the 
•lay.  .-.r.  1  .-;-7i_*vi-.  which  wiis  ac- 
.  .-■..:.:  ;  :.  ;t:";'.  :  -  '/u-i  L-ye>!jrht  and 
w.i-  •'*:  :  r-r-:r:.:-:  ■■:'«T'::-craole^  ?rew 
!:)  1-  vj  :>  .1  ":.vij'.it  •.-i*  lorty  feet! 
."^i »  :..  .'..v.*.  .;r;!  .tn-' .-ok*  stan<l  a 
vir  ;  :._•...  ^  u:  i:i  K'jr-.-.:»o  they  strut 
ri  ii  u.v.i-.y  a:  *  .::v.  thin-j  like  twelre 
!:.'^-.-.-.  II  -v  ::...•  i.Mo**aI  a^paragn? 
wa-  j7  iwr.  i-  :'.  1  ==!  i^^^n?:.  Perhaps 
it  w  .*  II.  .:<•..■•..■  i  wiiii  wiiie.  a«  Ari«- 
lo.X'.i.v-  •;.  i  •■•itii  hi*  K-itiu-.'*!     It 


o.iti  II  T  -r  t";  iT-'ire.  a-  onion*  aii«l  honey 
w-iv  :.r  iuty"?.  -ak-.*.  The  latter 
•■■•nr  '■•Hi  \.  >\«  .lilnwctl  lasti:;^.  was  ac* 
■•oiint*.*  1  tho  ♦'f.-t  ^'^^*iille  presenrer 
of  n-. »!:-:!     T h ore  wort"  ffi ants  anioD|r 

•  iiiliui.  t«' »  ii:  tlu'S-^  il:iys:  but  in  re- 
■»p(  -t  I  I  ^i7'.'  wo  kn-'W  of  nothing  that 
•-itii  •  tii){i:)ri.*  wiiii  whnt  is  assorted  of 
•Iii<]:«':in  lu'li'^iii;*.  namely,  that  foxes 
r.iul'l  li'trr  '.i\  xh"  hull* 'W  «»f  them,  and 
lliat  thi  y  w..!o  i»f  a  hundred  ]>ounds' 
wiii'li".  ri-.-.'v  wtT''  up\,*d  as  prnjeirtiles 
liv  tli«'  lU'ili  \*ln'M  till'  lattor  tiosire«l  to 
jxflt  'iitii.-'  ■.'.\-lav"Ui-ito  n{  thi*  proviom 

•  lay.  Tin-  ]»."»|,1.'  knocked  down  thoir 
vi<'tim.«,  and  whiii  the*  fray  wa^  over 
hoili-l  tlii.-ir  wiMfiMii^  and  o:it  them  with 
\\v*  i»v.    So   'V'.'A.vv-  not   only  rode 


1653.] 


Tk»  AnnaU  ofApfittite. 


4&5 


but  also  eiit  llieir  iiui'Scti;  nnd  when 
the  Kg;pt«ni  hid  nor^bipped  their 
leeta  ami  siirlic,  nothing  wiu  plcn- 
satiter  to  tbe  fri^L'-tliinkera  Lhan  tu 
swaUow  tbuir  godg  I  Tliere  in  nothing 
to  gurpriw  us  in  tliis.  We  inuy  be- 
lieve auvtliJDg  of  .1  people  who  iniu9i! 
of  aasaltsticla  the  chief  injp^lient  in 
the  seasoning  of  ihcir  cliehcs.  Not 
thflt  we  should  be  too  reuly  lo  smik 
in  compnaBionale  aontuuiut.  VVnrni- 
wood  wine  is  still  drunk  by  some 
Christisui  people,  who  aecin  to  imbibe 
it  with  OS  much  lielight  aa  did  the 
ecstatic  populnL'e  to  whom  it  wna  giren 
in  hogsheads  bj  lliat  "f«»t"  and  youth- 
ful potentate,  all  glitter  and  glattuny. 
the  dirine  Hcliovftbalus. 
The  ancients  snowed  better  taste  In 


though  of  their  eountry 
cousin,  the  apple,  mon^  persons  have 
been  mysteriously  afraid.  Vladialaus 
of  PoUnd,  for  esouiple,  never  asw 
u  golden  pippin  without  taking  to 
bis  heels  and  roaring  with  nfTrrght. 
German  kaisers,  on  the  other  hand, 
hove  been  known  to  kill  themselves 
voluntarily  by  ovcr-oating  of  melons. 
Tiberius  cut  of  thiit  fi'iiit  at  dessert 
like  u  hungry  Bu1jo«l-boy,  nn'l  yvt  he 
ruprooohed  poor  Drnsus  for  devour- 
ingtoo  much  brocoli  at  hid  dinner  I 

The  Persian  kings  kept  tdl  the  wal- 
nuts in  Persia  for  their  own  eating; 
and  we  think  it  IrMungo  Park  who 
states  that  eggs  ore  very  Huarci>  in  a 
certain  district  ofAfVii'u,  and  that  llic 
priests  there,  who  are  excessivoly  fond 
of  them,  Lavo  persuaded  the  laity  that 
it  would  be  sinful  in  the  latter  to  swal- 
low what  Heaven  designed  only  Atr  the 
clergy  t  The  magistrates  of  Attica 
were  almost  as  particular  about  tbeir 
celebrated  figK,  which  tbey  religiously 
prot«ctod  from  exportation.  A  little 
smuKgling  went  on.  nevertheless,  and 
the  lafomtert  who  worked  tbeinselres 
into  tbe  oonliflence  of  the  contrabond- 
iits  and  then  bctriyel  tbem,  were 
known  by  a  nume  wliieh  posb-rily  has, 
in  annthar  sense,  aduptetl.  IHiey  were 
the  "»ji!ophant8,"or"j^-(2erfupi!M-'" 
Had  the  Itomans  allowod  free  trade 
with  regard  to  tbe  exportation  of  Rgs, 
the  Gauls  would  have  had  one  reason 
iba  last  lor  iuMding  Italy.     With  the 


Kouians,  the  tig  was  a  luxury,  tbe  mul- 
berry medicine.  Mulberry  juice  and 
wine  reduced  by  boilingwos  the  ■■  hixik 
and  soda-water"  imbiried  by  fevered 
drinkers  on  those  terrible  "  nest-morn- 
ings." It  is  said  that  figs  formed  part 
ol  the  famous  Milbridatic  antidote 
i^uinst  poison.  The  recipu,  said  to  have 
been  found  in  tliopaUeeof  Mithrldatee 
by  Pompey,  directoU  to  "pound  wi^i 
core  two  walnuts,  two  dned  figs,  twenty 
leaves  of  rue,  and  n  grain  of  salt. 
This,  at  all  events,  w^  not  the  Mjtbri- 
ilatlc  alexiphnrmic  of  our  apothecaries' 
shops  of  tbe  Inst  century :  the  antidote, 
or  preservative,  as  ordered  to  be  pre- 

Cartxl  by  the  college,  consisted  ot  no 
tss  than  fourtcore  iogredients,  among 
which  I  find  enumerated  "comeJ's  hay, 
"poley-mountain,"  and  "thebelliesof 
soinks."  When  these  very  eoaily-pro- 
uured  ingredients  were  obtained,  their 
amalgamation  wos  n  work  of  profound 
core  and  indefinite  time.  The  poisoned 
gentleman  who  had  to  wut  for  it,  waa 
very  properly  called  "  iiatient."  Uii 
chance  of  cure  was  like  that  to  be  got 
from  the  French  specific  for  tooth-o^t, 
which  cuDsistcd  of  a  distillBtinn  thai 
was  not  to  be  commenced  until  it  waa 
wanted  for  use.  and  yet  which  was  not' 
to  be  administered  till  it  bad  stood 
'■  fourteen  days  to  cool  I " 

Neither  royal  nor  priestly  prohibi- 
tion appears  to  have  been  long  effectual 
in  restraining  men  from  an  indulgence 
in  good  things.  The  Persians  learned 
to  cat  walnuts  in  spite  of  tbe  thunder- 
ing ordinances  of  tbe  Great  King;  and 
iia<.-rilegiuus  gluttons  or  simple  hungry 
laymen  having  filched  from  the  altars 
tbe  roast  meat  reserved  for  the  godi 
nnd  tbe  c!er^,  their  fellow  men  soon 
became  carnivorous  nnd  unorthodox. 
Dut  what  became  fashionable  soon 
ceased  to  be  aucouuted  heresy,  and 
man  might  eat  even  of  the  sacred  ox, 
without  dreading  a  visitation  ol*  thon- 
der-boits.  The  great  heroes  of  anti- 
ouity  were  all  accomplished  carvers, bus 
tken  they  were  prulesuonal  butcbsn. 
The  pet^le  seem  to  have  hnd  appetits 
for  all  they  could  carve,  if  we  may 
Judge  trom  tbe  distributions  made dail^ 
by  would-be  popular  potentates  tu  tba 
mob.  At  one  tine  the  method  of  buy* 
ing  and  selling  meat  was  one  worthy 
ot*  the  Dutch  and  the  Indians.  "  The 
buyer  shut  one  of  his  hands,  the  adler 
diil  the  ilkiac  i  e&ch  of  theirv  vi&»^va^« 


I 


456 


The  AnntiU  of  Appetite. 


[Nov. 


opened  a  few  or  the  whole  of  his  Ha' 
gjen.  If  the  fingers  were  even  on  each 
Mdoi  the  seller  had  the  price  he  pleased ; 
if  they  were  odd,  the  buyer  gare  his 
own  price.  This  was  called  micare.** 
Knickerbocker  notices  a  plan  still  more 
simple  among  the  early  Dutch  settlers 
In  America.  A  Dutchman  weighed 
erery  thing  by  his  fist,  when  dealing 
with  the  aborigines ;  with  this  marvef 
loos  regulation,  that  when  he  was  a 
buyer  his  fist  weighed  a  few  ounces, 
bat  when  he  was  a  seller  it  invariably 
passed  for  a  pound. 

If  the  pig  were,  as  Pliny  accounted 
of  him,  only  one  decree  below  the  scale 
of  human  beings,  the  almost  reasoning 
animal  would  hardlv  have  been  open 
to  the  assertion  of  the  Jewish  doctor, 
**  that  if  ten  measures  of  leprosy  were 
to  fiill  in  the  world,  this  unuaj)py  ani- 
mal would  take  nine  parts  for  his  snare.** 
Ghden,  however,  had  a  respect  for  pork- 
ers, and  good  judges  in  ancient  days 
sometimes  gave  prices  for  them  that 
would  have  excited  a  sensation  even 
amone  the  bidders  at  the  sale  of  Lord 
Dnoics  stock.  Indeed,  our  modem 
cattle-shows  are  but  slow  things  com- 
pared with  what  was  effected  in  the 
olden  time.  What  is  the  admiration 
excited  by  the  most  uncomfortably 
obese  of  Prince  Albert*8  pigs,  compared 
with  that  elicited  by  the  porker  seen 
by  Yarro,  and  which  "  was  so  fat  that 
it  was  impossible  for  the  animal  to 
make  the  least  movement ;  and  that  a 
mouse  had  settled  on  its  back  with  her 
Toune  family,  softly  ensconced  in  the 
nt,  wnere  they  fed  at  the  expense  of 
tlie  careless  animal?*'  Thattoeuasroup 
fiyr  a  prize-inedal  I  We  may  add,  Uiat 
theKomans  had  as  many  ways  of  dress- 
ing pork  as  the  Parisians  have  of  cook- 
ing eggs, — some  three  or  four  hundred. 
A  favourite  dish  with  epicures  was  a 
fricassee  of  young  pigs  ^*  stifled  before 
they  were  littered.  M.  Soyer  records 
the  fact  with  a  sensation  of  fainting, 
and  he  discerns  in  such  ^*  frightful  de- 
pravity** a  cause  for  the  ^^  downfall  of 
the  Roman  Colossus.**  A  sucking-pig 
was  the  Nemesis  that  destroyed  the 
mistress  of  the  world !  The  practice 
deserved  no  smaller  retribution;  but 
it  is  not  solitary  as  an  example  of  de- 
praved taste.  The  Koman  peasants 
thought  a  young  donkey  delicious  eat- 
ing; the  Greeks  did  not  despise  the 
dog,  and  the  Romans  eat  him,  boiled 
3 


or  roasted,  once  a  year,  on  the  anni- 
versary of  the  deliverance  of  the  Capi- 
tol, when  the  geese  cackled  while  he 
slept  on  his  watch.   The  feast  was  held 
in  nis  dishonour,  but  the  festival  was 
as  joyous  a  one  as  that  of  our  modem 
banquet  of  goose  on  Michaelnias-day. 
The  Greeks  hod  cock-fights  and  a  feast 
to  follow,  on  the  anniversary  of  the 
victory  of  Themistocles  over  Xerxes. 
The  bird  itself  was  a  vulgar  bird  at 
Rome,  where  everybody  eat  hens,  until 
the  decree  of  the  Consul  Fannius  for- 
bade an  unrestricted  practice  which 
threatened  to  destroy  the  race.    '*  For- 
tunately,** says  M.  Soyer,   "the  law 
said  nothing  about  young  cocks ;  this 
silence  saved  Roman  gastronomy,  and 
the  capon  was  invented!**     As  for 
ducks,  Plutarch  (and  yet  he  was  a  wise 
man !)  always  gave  them  to  his  family 
when  any  oi  them  were  ill !  and  Mithn- 
dates,  we  are  told,  was  accustomed  to 
"mix  the  flesh  of  ducks  with  all  he 
ate^  as  an  antidote  against  poisons, 
which  he  feared.**    Goose  was  m  equal 
favour  with  the  Egyptian  monarchs, 
especially  in   conjunction  with  veal. 
These  two  dishes  were  always  ofiered 
to  foreign  sovereigns  visiting  the  an- 
cient royalty  by  the  Nile.  Cnd  Roman 
and  modern  French  epicures  have  been 
equally  fond  of  the  livers  of  geese. 
At  Rome,  these  were  so  fattened  as  to 
become  equal  in  weight  to  the  whole 
animal  before  the  process  began.    This 
African  feat  was  paralleled  by  a  Queen 
of  France  who,  according  to  Parmentier, 
spent  sixty  pounds  sterling  in  fatten- 
ing three  geese,  whose  livers  she  wished 
to  render  more  than  usually  delicate. 
Sums  equal  to  tliis  were  sometimes 
spent  on  turkey  and  truffles.  The  taste 
for  this  fare  was  illustrated  by  the 
epical^  who  prayed  that  he  mi^ht  have 
a  throat  as  long  as  the  8tork*s,  in  order 
the  better  to  enjoy  such  dainty  food ! 
This  is  a  poor  wish  when  compared 
with  the  majestic  conception  of  Quin, 
who,  with  respect   to    his    favourite 
dishes,  grandly  asked  that  he  might 
have  "  a  swallow  as  long  as  from  hero 
to  Botany  Bay,  and  palate  the  whole 
way.**    The  devoticm  of  the  old  actor 
to  exquisite  living  is  further  exempli- 
fied by  the  story  of  what  used  to  take 
plaoe  between  himself  and  his  servant, 
when  the  latter  appeared  at  his  mas- 
ter*8  bed-side  to  awake  him.    "  John,** 
said  Quid,  "is  there  any  mullet  in  the 


market  thia  morning ?"  "No,  Sir," 
said  John.  "Theu,  John,"  replied 
Quin,ai)drea8ing  himself  again  to  sieei>, 
"Youmajcallmeat  nine  to-morrow'" 
But,  perhnpg,  a  better  illuiitration  atiU 
of  tiie  sastrononiic  propensiliea  of  the 
placer  is  to  be  found  in  the  epigruni 
wnlten  by  Garrick,  and  dcscribeil  by 
him  as  "  Quin's  sob'loquy  on  seeing 
Duke  Humphrey  at  St.  Alban's," 

A  p]«(a«  on  Kgypt'i  nit,  I  u; : 


IV  but 


Wlib  tDKlt  Bil  an 

And  ipoU  111'  CgjtOia  tn 
Ttwa  HnmplinT'B  Dnka  c 


"Bread  and  milk" 


a  simple  idea  of  naiinpTe  yet  salubrious 
diet.  It  was  used,  hiiwevcr,  for  other 
purposes  than  food  in  the  ancient  Ko- 
man  days.  Roman  "exquisites"  of 
either  sex  rubbed  (heir  faces  with  a 
mixture  of  bread  and  milk ;  nay,  some- 
times wore  a  poultice  of  the  same  on 
the  face,  in  order  to  make  their  com- 
plexions fnir  :  milk  batlis,  too,  were 
more  common  with  the  Roinnns  than 
with  the  Frenah  in  the  days  of  Louis 
XV.  Five  hundred  female  asses  sup- 
plied the  daily  bath  of  the  Empress 
PoppteiB.  As  an  article  of  medical 
diet  thia  milk  became  faahionnble  in 
Franue  in  the  rei;tn  ofFrnneis  I.  It 
had  been  successfully  prescribi^d  fur 
the  enervated  King,  and  forth nitb- all 
the  nobility  took  to  imbibing  asses' 
milk  as  a  symbol  of  their  loyalty. 
E^  were  as  fusil ionable  in  Rome  nhen 
Livia  kept  one  in  her  bosom  till  it  was 
batched;  then, a"cock-chick'' appear- 
ing, the  and  the  augurs  divin«l  that 
abe  wu  about  to  present  her  husband 
with  a  mole  heir.  The  birth  of  Tibe- 
rius proved  their  excellence  at  diviners. 
But  the  sineularil]^  of  incubation  in 
on  imperial  bosom  is  surpassed  by  an 
old  Kgyiitiiu)  uielhiid  of  cookiDE  eggs 
withoutsre.  " The sheplierds ur&;!Tpt 
placed  them  in  a  sling,  which  they 
turned  to  rapidly  that  the  friction  of 
the  air  heated  them  tn  the  exact  point 
required  for  use!"  Tliey  must  have 
had  a  curlou*  taste ;  but  after  all  they 
— e  belter  than  the  ragnat  of  he<l( 


uf  AppttUa. 

the  Greek  rustics.  The  "  ragout  a  la 
Sardanaple,"  for  which  the  King  of 
Prussia  thanked  his  c<«ik  Noel  in  verse, 
was  perhaps  not  a  much  uiore  reHned 
dish,  'llie  Prussian  court  was  but  a 
barbarous  locality,  even  when  France, 
which  it  copied,  most  boasted  uf  re- 
finement Witness  what  the  Mai^ra- 
vine  of  Bareith  says  of  her  fatTier, 
Frederick -Willi  am,  who  sat  at  atato 
dinners  from  one  o'clock  in  the  day 
till  midnight.  He  only  occasionally 
allowed  hts  children  a  wretched  soup 
made  out  of  bare  bones  and  salt ;  and, 
when  he  did  not  starve  them  alto- 
Kether,  he  would  spit  into  the  tlishes 
from  which  he  had  helped  himself,  in 
order  to  prevent  their  touching  them. 
At  other  times  he  compelled  them  to 
cat  the  mo9t  loathsome  and  disgustiiiz 
ipositions,  "ce  qui  nous  obligeait," 


'  quclquel 
lul  ce  que  nous 
corps!"    And  after  this 
the  tender  parent  and  Christian  king 


aajs  the  Margrav 
dans  le  ci 


ild  fling  the  plates  at  his  daughter  ( 
head,  and  strike  at  her  with  his  crutch, 
as  she  flew  by  him  in  order  to  escape ! 
To  such  Sts  of  raae  and  uncleanlinesa 
was  the  Brandenburg  potentate  sub- 
ject! Pity  that  he  could  not  be  cured 
of  theni  OS  Hercules  was  of  epileptic 
fits,  by  smelling  at  rruails — birds,  by 
the  way,  which  at  Rome  were  little 
eaten,  because  tlic^  were  supposed  to 
muiw  epilepsy.  This  confusion  of  ideas 
haBcxtendedtolatertimes.  Thcsacred 
tooth  of  St.  ApoIIonIa,in  the  cathedral 
at  Bonn,  is  kissed  by  suirerers,  in  pro- 
found  conviction  that  a  cure  of  the 
dental  agonj  mat  follow.  I  have  seen 
the  relic  kissed  by  hundreds  of  be- 
lievers, and  yet  all  that  is  known  of 
the  Egyptian  lady  is,  that,  if  she  cures 
teeth  now,  she  could  not  when  alive 
keep  her  own  in  her  head.  While  on 
the  subject  of  "contradicliuus,"  let  me 
observe  a  most  remarkable  one  in  M. 
Sayer's  book.  At  page  198,  he  sayi> 
that  Vari'o's  aunt  reared  and  aolil 
60,000  thrushes  yearly:  that  they  were 
bred  in  multitudes  in  all  Roman  villas^ 
and  that  they  became  so  numerous 
"that  they  furnished  a  plentiful  ma- 
nure for  the  land ;" — and  in  the  very 
next  page  we  find  it  written  that, 
"Pompey  being  ill,  his  physician  o 
dered  him  a  thrush,  but  it  was  impos- 
sible lo  find  one  in  Rome."  I  do  not 
we  how  these  contradictory  assertkMu 

aN 


458 


The  Anuah  of  Appetite. 


[Not. 


arc  to  be  reconciled,  lor  the  Varro 
named  above,  who  records  the  fact 
alluded  to  in  bis  "Dc  Re  Rusticfi," 
(and  who  composed  a  later  work  on 
the  Latin  language  when  he  was  an 
octogenarian,)  was  Pompey*s  own  lieu- 
tenant in  his  piratical  wars.  He  is  as 
well  known  to  "  devout "  as  to  "  clas- 
sical" readers,  for  his  erudition  was  the 
wondering  theme,  not  only  of  Cicero, 
but  of  St.  Augustine.  But,  to  return 
to  my  subject :  however  it  may  have 
been  with  thrushes,  ostriches  must 
have  been  common  birds  at  the  im- 
perial purveyor  s  in  the  days  of  He- 
liogubjiiu?,  who  daily  required  six 
hundred  of  them  to  furnish  his  wcU- 
hiden  board  with  a  single  dish  of 
their  brains  !  The  dish  was,  after  all, 
not  so  barbarous  a  one  as  the  wood- 
cock— the  delight  of  modern  gourmets. 
These  suspend  the  bird  by  the  beam- 
feather  of  the  middle  of  its  tail :  when 
the  body  gets  loose  and  fall,  it  is  then 
considered  ripe  for  eating.  How  it  is 
eaten  we  all  know,  but  Sonnini  best 
describes.  '*  The  woodcock  is  cooked 
with  the  entrails  in,  which,  being 
pounded  with  what  they  contain,  forms 
its  own  and  best  seasoning."  The  sea- 
eels  of  the  Romans,  fattened  on  the 
flesh  of  live  slaves,  flung  to  them  for 
such  purpose,  made  about  as  delicate  a 
dish.  There  was,  indeed,  a  barbarous 
refinement,  if  one  may  employ  such  a 
compound  term,  in  .ill  the  Romans  did 
at  table.  The  mullet  will  furnish  us 
with  one  instance.  This  fish,  alive,  but 
with  its  scales  removed,  was  placed  on 
the  table  in  a  glass  vessel,  beneath 
which  a  spirit-llame  was  kindletl.  The 
object  was  to  allow  the  guests  to  regale 
themselves  with  observmg  the  grada- 
tions of  pink  colours  through  which 
the  fish  passed  until  it  was  at  once 
dead  and  cooked.  This  was  bad  enough, 
to  be  sure ;  but  we  inflict  more  suffer- 
ing on  many  animals  on  whose  fle?h 
we  feed  ;  and,  if  it  shows  a  certain  <le- 
gree  of  cruelty,  it  does  not  prove  so 
much  hcartlessness  as  existed  in  Ma- 
dame (hi  Defl'and,  who  dried  her  tears 
at  her  lover's  death  when  she  reflected 
that  ho  died  at  a  sufljciently  early  hour 
in  the  day  to  allow  of  her  going  to  a 
gay  dill  nor  at  Madame  de  Marchais'. 
Nor  was  there  much  more  feeling  in 
the  sj)rightly  connives  who  used  to  sup 
with  ^lademoisellc  de  TEspinasse,  to 
watch  the  gradual  progress  she  made 


towards  death,  as  the  Romans  did  the 
mullets. 

But  let  us  now  see  bow  royalty 
dined  in  Christian  countries,  and  let 
us  afterwards  contrast  therewith  the 
dinner  of  an  imperial  pagan.  First, 
here  is  Louis  XIV.  at  *•  feeding- 
time  :" 

The  usher  of  the  court,at  the  bournamed, 
goes  and  knocks  with  bis  wand  at  the  door 
of  the  liall  of  the  body-guard,  and  says  : — 
*'  Geiitleioen,  to  the  King's  table  !'*  A  giuud 
is  dispatched,  who  follow  him  to  the  gob- 
let, where  one  of  the  officers  for  the  ser- 
vice of  the  table  takes  the  nave.  The 
guard  accoiupauy  him,  marching  by  his 
side,  sword  in  hand.  Having  arrived  at 
the  dining-room,  the  officers  spread  the 
cloth,  try  the  napkins,  the  fork,  the  spoon, 
the  knife,  and  the  tooth-picks  ;  that  is  to 
say,  they  touch  them  with  a  morsel  of 
bread,  which  they  afterwards  eat.  The 
usher  returns  again  to  the  hall  of  the  body- 
guard, koocks  at  the  door  with  his  wandt 
and  cries,  *'  Gentlemen,  the  King*s  meat  I  ** 
Four  guards  then  follow  him  to  the  ambry, 
where  the  equerry  of  the  household  and 
the  chief  steward  or  major-domo  test  the 
dishes,  by  dipping  therein  a  piece  of  bread, 
which  they  eat.  After  this,  the  King's 
meat  is  carried,  the  guards  marching  with 
their  drawn  swords  on  either  side,  tiie 
diief  steward,  preceded  by  the  usher,  walk- 
ing in  front.  When  he  arrives  near  the 
table  he  approaches  the  nave,  makes  in 
obeisance  to  it,  and  if  the  announcer,  or 
any  other  person,  desire  to  do  it,  he  may. 
The  gentlemen  in  waiting  place  the  dishes 
successively,  and,  the  table  being  covered 
with  them,  the  King  then  enters.  It  is  to 
be  remarked  that  it  is  always  a  prince  or 
gre^t  personage  who  presents  the  wet  nap- 
kin to  him  with  which  to  wash  his  hands, 
whereas  it  is  a  simple  valet  who  presents 
him  with  the  dry  napkin  to  wipe  them. 
The  King  takes  his  seat.  The  eqaerry  car- 
ver carves  the  viands.  I'he  King  serves 
himself  on  a  plate  of  gold.  When  he  aski 
for  drink,  the  cup-bearer  calls  alottd, 
"  Drink  for  the  King ! "  At  the  same  time 
he  makes  his  obeisance  to  him,  goes  to  the 
baffet,  takes  two  crystal  decanters,  one  of 
which  is  mied  with  wine  and  the  other  with 
water,  returns  to  the  King,  makes  attothbt 
obeisance,  removes  the  cover  of  the  glaif'y 
and  presents  it  to  the  King,  who  poan  ottt 
wine  and  water  according  to  his  own  plea- 
sure. During  the  dinner  a  group  of  lordly 
courtiers  stand  behind  his  chair  and  endet^ 
vour,  though  frequently  in  vain,  to  diwt 
him  and  make  him  laugh;  and  anothir 
group,  composed  of  ladies  of  the  CQWJL 
stand  behind  the  Queen's  chair,  and  £ 
their  part  try  to  amuse  her  end  dmi  & 


The  Annuh  of  Ajipalili'. 


smile.  The  King  eit*  onl;  with  th«  tD]riil 
rmniljr  kD<I  iiiinct#  of  the  blood,  Some- 
tiniu,  hooBTeT,  the  Pope'*  nuncio  has  llic 
lionour  oriitting  at  tlie  tanie  table,  but 
■Im]r>  ■!  the  iligtuDce  of  four  jiIarCH  ', 

Such  arc  the  dcUih  irhicb  M.  Snjer 
hoM  copied  ftom  the  learned  Alnntcil. 
Let  U3  now  show  I'rom  BranlK  Mnyer'n 
HrefttworkouMeiieo,  howlhchcBllien 
Montezuma  looked  at  tabic.  The 
Spaniards  of  the  dav  denounced  htra 
Be  on  unclean  bnrbu-ian,  but  it  may  be 
899erlcd  that  he  was  more  clean  of  life 
than  the  great  Tjonis ;  much  more  ao  in 
hia  person,  for  lie  renewed  his  body 
linen  four  times  daily,  which  the  Grnnu 
MoDaT((ue  did  not  do  aboTO  once  in 
three  days;  and  at  table,  it  must  be 
allowed,  the  Aztec  fed  much  more 
becominglT  than  did  tho  Gaul.  I  have 
Mid  that  (lie  description  is  token  fi-oin 
the  great  work  of  Brantx  Itlayer,  but 
the  words  are  those  of  gos-ilpiiig  old 
Bemal  Dia»,  who  was  an  eye-wiliicns 
of  what  bo  rclatcfl : — 

I>]DDt4|ioaia'i  cooks  had  thirty  different 
wijaofdreBBiugmeatB.aadlhe]'  liiJeurlban 
T>u«U  10  eonlrired  as  to  keep  them  coa- 
■ttntty  hot.  For  the  table  of  Montcraaja 
Mn*eiraba*e  Ihm  boadred  diihri  were 
dreucd.  .  -  .  Before  dinner,  Moateiuioa 
would  iometinea  gn  qut  aud  iiupeel  tbe 
preparations,  nnd  liii  officer!  would  paint 
ont  to  bim  wbicli  wire  lli«  beit,  and  o- 


sii7tliiug  cite.     |i  U  aiid  ilisl  at  tiuiM  the 
fleih  of  foung  ohildrro  hu  drcMed  for 

bim;  but  the  ordioBrfmeala  were  domeatlc 


tmill  cokei  of  bread,  and  when  the  Kinf   j 
began  to  eat,  n  large  screen  of  |itded  »oaf  j 
«»  placed  before  bim,  lo  that  dnrin;  !b0  j 
period  people  sliouH  nntbebcrlilhini.  lis  I 
women  haviDg  retired  lo  a  little  diatanei^    | 
four  andeat  lords  (tood  by  the  throne,  tf 
whom  Monteinma,   Irum  tine  lo  tlnit^ 
Bpoke  or  addreaaeii  qositiDui,  and,  a)  • 
mark  of  particular  faTOor,  gB*e  to  eaoh  of 
Ibem  B  plito  of  that  vhicb  bo  kob  ratine  I 
Ho  WRi  served  in  earliniwur*  of  Chatul^ 
red  aod  black.     While  thg  King  wo^  at  tl 
table,  no  one  of  hii  guarda  iu  the  ticinil 
of  big  apartoieat,  dared,  for  their  liTp 
make  any  n" 

lie  drauk  moderately  of  a  gtimulM 
ing  preporatiou  of  cocoa ;  and  at  intqi 
vala  he  wai  amuaed  by  tbe  feata  t 
daneers,  jesters,  singers,  aud  dwarfs  IQii 
tboic  Alice  Lilliputians  who  have  botL. 
exciting  general  curiosity  in  Loiuluik  I 

The  fonr  female  attendants  Tiieii  lo«l;J 
a«sr  the  clothi,  end  ai;aiii,  with 
retpect,  presented  hint  with  water  le 
bis  bauds.  .  .  .  After  be  had  dined,  lh<f  4 
preienled  to  him  three  litllo  caocs,  biiblf  | 
ornamented,  containing  liquid  ambpf^  i 
mixcdnilbabtrb  they  Call  "lubucco."  ■  ,•  1 
He  took  a  little  of  the  imoke  of  one  qT  |] 
Ihoae  canes,  sad  ibcn  laid  limtelf  ilowa  M  ' , 
.leep. 

Now,  wiili  the  exception  of  tlafj 
"  cliihlren,"  aud  that  is  held  by  i~ 
8|>d';lable  autboriliea  lo  liaye  twea 
hiislily  Inserted  cidumuy  of  llie  uredn 
lous  bpnniord,  there  is  nothiiig  iu  tr 
aliove  picture  whieli  docs  not  WG 
about  it  an  aspect  uf  of  much  civiliei 


dignity 


Teaisaii,  Indi 
rabbits,  with 
peculiar  to  the  country.  Thia  is  certaia — 
that,  after  Cortex  had  spoken  lo  liim  rela- 
tin  lo  tbe  dreSBiag  ol  burnan  Beih.  it  via 
not  practised  in  his  pabce.  At  his  mcaU, 
in  the  cold  weather,  a  number  of  tarcbel 
of  tbe  baik  of  the  wood  ubich  makes  no 
tnoke  and  baa  an  arotaatic  amell,  were 

fanil,  thai  they  should  not  throw 
;b  beet,  screens  ornamented  witli 
i  painted  with  tiKares  of  idota,  were 
Wfore    lli™.       M™tr«m-.    w.n 

Tb'  ■  . 


tbe  bant) I 
Ijci,  quails,     Kio^."     Vi 


hing  thul  was  to  be  aeCB ,  I 
of  "  tbe  Most  Christ^  I 


baroua  as  what  arwed  at  ijie  table  ^  1 

the  converted  Clovid,  who,  when  diniilff   / 

ith  a  bishop  at  bis  right  hand,  pluckea  l 


n  bis  bond  and  presented  it 
to  the  prelate.  The  ciiurtiera  foilowod 
the  ezaiupb  of  tbeir  lord,  and  tbu  epis- 
copal guest  went  awaj  with  more  dirty 
hatr  in  hia  hand  than  Ir-  hod  on  bui 

Tablc-napitins  were  alike  c.  _. 
lo  MonlcKumii  and  to  Louis  le  Gra 

V.cy    ;.r.   ..f  ..u:!.,,!   origin.       In   I 


But  it  in  time  ■□  mnke  an  end  of 
tfaew  gowiping  ileUiU,  drawn  from  va- 
rious aources.  With  the  chief  of  tliem, 
tUe  Pniitroplieon,  tlie  reader,  |>crhap(i> 
would  have  been  content  to  have  fuund 
lesa  learning  and  more  solid  instrueUon 
touching  the  article  of  diet  and  irs  cod- 
■titutionol  effects.  It  is  bj  no  means 
an  unwarrantable  or  an  unnatural  ap- 
plication of  a  vulgar  phrase  to  saj  that 
the  dintlaj  of  erndilion  is  nctuall; 
"stunmng."  The  bend  throbs  at  it, 
fbr  hard  words  are  continuati;  knock- 
ing to  attract  attention;  and  "ctila- 
efytm"  tUads  for  the  "deluge,"  and 
" gailraphafnti"  is  incestantlj'  preteiU- 
bg  itself  wlien  it  is  least  wanted.  In 
some  cns^,  indeed,  M.  Sajer  has  ex- 
hibited as  much  ardour  of  curiositj  as 
WIS  shewn  by  Conrad  Scriblerus  when 
be  beard  of  the  pomegranate  that  grew 
on  the  inside  of  the  femur  of  ihe  daugh- 
Mr  of  Gasper  Barthius;  and  it  ia  onl; 
,  BUller  for  surprise  that  when  sneaking 
I  ta  the  applications  and  uses  of  foo<l,  ho 
I  omitted  lo  notice  fur  what  reason  the 
Mud  Conrad  and  the  future  mother  of 
Uartin  lived  for  n  whole  jear  on  goal's 
milk  and  honey,  Bm  the  greatest  de- 
TkcI  in  the  buok  in  the  injustice  which 
it  does  to  the  inimurlal  CarSrue; — 
to  him  who  was  descended  from  the 
fkntoiu  cook  of  Leo  X.,  whom  that 
nnitiffennobleilby  the  title  of  Jean  de 
CarSme.  or  John  o  Lent,  because  of  the 
atioculent  but  orthodox  dishes  which 
that  artist  invented  in  order  to  pie 
the  pontifical  palate  at  a  season  when 


&1 


more  iJian  the  ravenue  of  • 
prinue  for  his  paiii)  ralJier 
than  remain  chtf  to  the  R^ent  in  £t)g- 
liinil.  His  patriotic  genius  invoniod 
for  France  alone  his  famous  muce  fi>* 
quanie,  the  I'esult  of  his  studies  unucr 
Richaut,  Asue,  and  Robert  L*Aine. 
Tlie  house  of  the  Regent  was  a  nUnage 
too  hourgfoii  for  the  aristocratic  *cal 
and  genius  of  Car^me:  and  it  was  in 
France  that  he  wrote  bis  learQecl  and 
curious  work,  "Le  Maiire  d'H6l«l 
Fran^ais,"  in  which  he  displaced  a 
spirit  of  philosophical  inquirj  mingled 
with  much  that  is  pleasant  and  mor« 
that  is  instructive.  His  clnims  to  no- 
tice should  not  have  been  overlooked, 
and /ii  cutirfai'iiF  eiifr*  oiiyrcTV*  ar  ratntf 
rieH,iia»  mime  Irt  mnurnt  With  this 
deception,  if  (he  zeal  and  Industrj  of 
M.  Sojer  and  his  coUoborefeini  bavc 
fiiilL>d  to  elTect  for  their  subject  all  thai 
was  flccomjiliahed  by  Careme,  who 
might  hiivc  exclaimed,  like  Coriolanm', 
'''  Alone,  I  <li<l  it  1"  they  have,  neverthe- 


to  dwall 

upon  the  little  that  tacks,  and  thanks 
are  due  to  the  author  who  has  treated 
the  public  OS  Porphjro  did  Made 
on  the  Etc  of  St.  Agnes :  he  haa 
"  lirouctil  t  li»p 


NOTES  ON  MEDIEVAL  ART  IN  FRANCE  AND  GERMANT. 
fir  J.  G.  Wallbs. 


THE  Rhine  loses  none  of  its  charms 
b^  better  aCTiuainlaticc,  or  by  rejieated 
visits.  The  antiijuarj  discovers  in  the 
pictureouue  towns  and  villages  which 
^ne  the  banks  of  ihis  noble  river,  ever 
varying  objects  of  intwrcst  and  instruc- 
tion. Remains  are  found  of  every 
period,  from  the  lime  when  llie  Roman 
eagle  was  triumphant,  ihrouchout  the 
dominion  of  the  Franks,  sad  the  .te- 
veral  contending  factions  of  the  mid- 
dle age*  down  to  the  present  (by,  when 


it  is  claimed  by  more  than  one  naliMi 
as  a  legitimate  Iioundarj  to  their  em- 
pire. And  it  displays,  in  consequcftcv, 
vast  forlressca  and  fortified  lines,  which 
Heem  to  give  but  little  promise  ofiuu* 
venal  peace. 

Among  llie  most  interesting  objeMa 
which  rise  from  above  Ihe  vilWm  sad 
towns,  the  churches  are  naturally  eoa- 
spicuouB.    Many  of  these  have  an  m 


1853.] 


Mayenee  Cathedral. 


61 


^nxon.  Thej  posacsa  mnnj  of  the 
ehsraoWriEtics  of  that  stjle,  pnrticn- 
larlj  in  tkc  uonitruction  of  the  towers. 
Se»eral  of  these  ha»e  a  roof  like  that 
of  Soijiptiag,  in  Suesex,*  which  Is  Lc- 
lieved  to  be  the  only  one  in  this  coun- 
try of  thil  pec ulinr  form.  But  here  it 
\»  to  be  seen  on  the  four  towers  of  the 
curious  church  of  Anilernach,  as  well  ns 
on  that  of  St.  Castor  nt  CoblenUi,  both 
reniatkable  eiamplea  of  the  Rouiftn- 
eaque  period ;  as  also  in  several  less 
important  churches  in  different  vil- 
lages, of  which,  onenearUpkeluaj  be 
iwrticularl/  noticed. 

Engers,  a  short  distance  tiom  the 
modem  town  of  Neuwied,  is  the  snot 
at  or  near  which  a  Rouian  bridge 
was  constructed  b.  c.  SG,  but  although 
I  had  passed  it  five  times  I  hail 
never  seen  the  indication  of  its  ruins 

reping  out  of  the  stream.  This  time 
was  more  fortunate ;  a  rippling 
eddy,  near  the  centre  of  the  cur- 
rent, drew  my  uttenticm  to  some 
rngsed  peaks  just  above  the  surface 
of  Uie  water,  said  to  be  remains  of 
the  piers.  Near  the  bank,  on  the 
Mde  of  Engers,  however,  there  appear 
to  me  more  prominent  indications  of 
Koman  work,  in  a  wall  carnpoiied  of 
large  well-squareil  masses  uf  tliat  black 
basaltic  formation  found  in  the  vicinity, 
and  so  much  used  in  the  remains  of 
Roman  construction  on  the  Rhine,  and 
also  to  be  seen  in  the  bridge  over  the 
Moselle  at  Treves;  it  was  perhaps  re- 
commended for  works  below  the  water 
level  on  account  of  its  great  ilumbility. 
Trivial  a«  these  iudicatione  are,  they 
are  all  thai  can  now  be  seen  of  a 
structure  that  must  have  been  very 
magnificent,  for  at  this  point  the  river 
is  very  broad  and  the  current  strong. 
And  now  eighteen  centuries  have  rolled 
away  since  the  Rhine  has  been  spanned 
by  a  bridge  of  stone,  in  the  most  itn- 

Krtant  parLs  of  its  course,  though  of 
e  it  has  been  in  contemplation  to 
construct  one  at  Cologne,  where  also 
one  existed   under  the  Roman    do- 

Maycnce  fonns  the  tenuination  of 
the  journey  •■  Up  llie  Rhine."  The 
cathedral  is  almost  the  only  object  of 
particular  intorest,  and  'a  deserving  of 


over  architectural  details,  which  aAer 
all  do  not  convey  ideas  of  the  building 
described.  It  may,  however,  be  ob- 
served, that  the  cathedral  of  Mayence 
has  many  distinguishing  featares,  anil 
at  a  general  glance  something  parti- 
cularly oriental  in  ita  e&ect.  It  is  a 
structure  peculiarly  Byzantine,  and 
the  cupola,  or  lantern,  bv  which  it  is 
surmounted,  although  of  later  work,  is 
so  skilfully  adapted  to  the  early  design 
that  it  does  not  look  out  of  harmony, 
or  destroy  the  general  idea.  Some  of 
its  details  are  remarkable,  the  capitals 
of  a  few  columns,  both  within  and 
without,  being  very  good  imitations  of 
the  Corinthian  order ;  it  is  indeed  not 
unfreijuent  to  find  in  churches  of  the 
Romaiicaque  period,  in  France  and  Ger- 
many, evidence  that  the  masons  had 
studies  at  hand,  in  the  fragments,  per- 
luipB,  of  ruined  leniples,  or  other  great 
edifices,  memorials  of  Roman  grandeur. 
I  shall  have  occasion  to  notice  other 
instances  bye-nnd-bye,  for  in  this 
couutry  the  semblance  is  not  found  so 
close  though  occasionally  to  be  traced. 
This  cathedral  is  celebrated  for  k 
number  of  interesting  tombs  of  digni- 
taries of  the  church,  and  particularlv  of 
Archbishop-electors  of  Maveneei  tney 
are  principally  in  low  relief  and  co- 
loured. But  the  most  interesting  of 
all  in  without  doubt  that  of  Heinrich 
Frauenlob,  or  Henry  "  Prwse  the 
Ladiei,"  the  Mnnesineer,  who  derives 
his  cognomen  from  his  gallant  enco- 
miums upon  the  gentle  sex.  He  has 
his  reward ;  for,  although  his  tomb  be 
time-worn,  enough  remains  to  show 
how  the  poet  was  booouted  alter 
death  by  those,  to  whom  in  life  he  de- 
voted himself.  It  is  preserved  in  the 
cloisters,  let  into  the  wall  for  protec- 
tion, and  consists  of  an  oblong  alal>,  of 
coarse  red  sandstone,  a  good  deal  de- 
faced by  traffic :  but  fortunately  the 
more  important  part«  retain  enough 
to  dislinguiah  the  design.  In  the  cen- 
tre is  a  bust  of  the  deceased  iu  low 
relief  i  Jt  is  an  attempt  at  portraiture, 
and  represents  a  broad  massive  face, 
with  Ions  Qoning  locks,  reaching  to 
the  shoulders,  and  a  coronet  about 
his  brows.  Was  he  king  of  the  min- 
strels, that  he  thua  bears  the  badge  of 
royalty  ?  At  any  rate  here  the  poet 
has  kingly  honours,  which  a  poet  rarely 

Cur  AoBUt  \M,  p.  lii,—BdU. 


4U2 


Heidelberg. 


[Not. 


receives,  even  in  •  loath.  Hut  the 
niosliiitcreAtiii;^'  part  tit'tho  iiioniimcDt 
i:i  ii  ;fi'nu|),  MOW  |ilace<l  IxMicathi  hut 
not  part  ot'  the  '^aiiiL*  shih.  It  roj>re- 
sciits  tour  VDun;;  inaiileiis  with  tlow- 
ing  hair,  beariii;;  the  liier  ot*  tho  Miii- 
nesii>;;LT;  wliiliit  tour  others  man-h  hy 
the  siije  us  |)all-l>eariTM.  Thr  ct'tUii  is 
covcreil  hy  a  pall,  ami  on  the  top 
lie  three  imperial  erowu!«,  for  so 
they  appear,  hut  unl'ortunatoly  much 
worn,  though  the  ireiieral  shape*  is  dis- 
tinct. What  are  tlii?so  to  represent? 
Are  they  hmiours  won  by  the  ile- 
ceasc'l'"  An*  they  ntinposeii  id'tlowers, 
for  they  look  much  like  il':'  if  so,  might 
they  lie  trihutcs  from  the  laili-.'s  uf 
three  iKitioiis  or  priiiripalitie.^  1'  We 
must  leave  il  to  coiijei'lun: ;  the  in- 
scription, i).irt  Latin  part  (lerinan, 
thou<rh  (lelaceil,  preserves  "  llic  jacet 
Ileuneus  Krau<'u!ol)  deiu  gott  •Tenant,** 
with  the  (late  I31tH,  and  nrohnhly  the 
usual  prayer  for  the  soui,  which  was 
certainly  not  denieit  to  the  gentle 
Ileinrieh. 


Sehwanthaler,  and  consists  of  x  fexxuk 
figure  the  size  of  life,  of  simple  cUssk 
character,  placing  a  wreatL  upon  a 
tomb.  Of  this,  it  mav  be  £ufEoicni  to 
$ay,  that  it  iMi<>csse5  toe  cold  icsipxdity 
wnieh  generally  cbaracierbes  modera 
sculpture.  It  is  devoid  of  all  ient:- 
nient  that  should  councot  the  poet 
with  the  present,  or  that  could  con- 
vey to  the  spectator  a  thought  of  the 
past.  It  is  just  such  a  monument  that 
uny  Brown  or  Jone?,  with  nuthins  to 
ixH.*oiumend  him  but  wealth,  might 
order  in  his  will,  with  a  personifi- 
cation (»f  posterity  weeping  over  his 
iii3i<.'uilk'ance.  In  fact,  it  is  so  out  of 
iilace,  >o  little  in  harmony  with  its 
intention,  that  whatever  artistic  excel- 
lence it  i)ossesses  is  thrown  away.  It 
is  the  oul  tomb,  time-honoured  and 
defaced  as  it  is,  that  really  wins  oar 
sympathies.  But  I  must  leave  the 
cloisters  of  Mayence,  and  continue  mj 
route. 

The  Castle  of  Heidelberg  is  too  well 
known,   and  has  l)cen   too  often  de- 


In  the  oUl  chronicle  of  Alliert  of  scribed  to  need  anything  further,  bat 

Strasburg  {n  an  account  of  Henry  of  any  doacrintion  must  fail  to  give  an 

Meissen,  or  Frauciilob,  doct(»r  of  theo-  adc(|uute  idea  of  the  vastncss  of  the 

lo;;y  au'l   canon  of  tlie  cathedral  of  ruin,  or  the  magnificence  of  its  site. 

Mayence.     His  funeral   is  thus  men-  ( )ne  feels  regret  at  this  painful  record 


of  the  desolation  of  warfare  written 
ill  such  broad  and  enduring  characters. 
The  great  Tun  and  the  Utile — so  called 
from  l)elng  not  quite  so  big  as  the 
other,  of  course  every  visitor  feels 
bound  to  see,  and  cannot  be  disap- 
])ointed.  From  Heidelberg  to  Basle 
the  railway  carries  you  through  beauti- 
ful scenery,  skirting  bold  ranges  of 
monnfains  which  are  most  picturesque 
in  the  nei;:hl)ourhood  of  the  Black 
Forest,  while  en  the  ojiposlte  side,  far 
away  on  the  horizon,  are  the  Vosges  on 
the  other  bank  of  the  Khine.  The 
It  is  well  that  the  land  of  stations  are  very  pretty,  and  quite  in 
s  so  near.     There  was  reason     harmony  with  the  scene;  picturesque 

in  structure,  an«l  prailv  decorated  with 
lb »wer«:, vines, ancl  the  Virmnia  creeper; 
ami  till  J  eye  is  attracted  l»y  peculiari- 
ties of  costume  in  the  peasantry, which 
tin*  conventionalities  of  civilisation 
have  iK»t  yet  eilaccd.  Of  thrse,  jkt- 
hai)s  till'  most  worthy  of  notice  are 
the  huge  l)ows  of  black  silk,  at  least 
eighteen  inches  fi'oiu  end  to  end,  worn 
on  the  top  of  the  hi;a<l  by  the  females 
of  Alsatia,  and  sonu>  of  the  nci^rhbour- 


tioned  : — "  ( )n  the  eve  of  St.  Andrew*s, 
in  the  year  I^'Um,  II<Miry,  hurnamed 
Fraueidob,  was  buried  at  Mi.'nt/..  in 
the  par  vis  of  the  ;7reat  church,  near 
unto  the  stairs,  with  murvellons  so- 
lemnity. His  corpse  was  carrit'il  by 
ladies  Iront  his  (lwelling-h(»usi;  unto 
the  place  of  burial;  and  hmiliy  did 
they  mourn  and  bewail  his  death,  on 
account  of  the  infinite  prai^e-i  which 
he  hod  bestowed  on  womankind  in  his 
poetry.**  It  further  states,  "that  so 
much  good  wine  was  poured  into  the 
grave  that  it  oversowed  with  the  liba- 
tions.*'* 
wine  was 

for  this  special  honour:  Henry  was 
the  bust  of  the  Minnesingers.  It  was 
long  before  such  another  wouM  .sing 
the  ladies'  praise,  for  in  his  grave  was 
for  ages  entombed  tin*  lender  fueling 
of  (jierinan  r^tnv'. 

The  inhabit  ant  shave  nH'eiitly  erected 
a  more  sumptuous  memorial  tohisme- 
inorjr,but  of  (piestionable  taste.  This  is 
also  in  the  cloisters,  ami  not  far  from 
the  other;   it  is  of  while  marlde,  by 


*  Lays  of  tiie  Miniii/^in^ors,  p.  .'I0.*i. 


1853.] 


Basle  CftithedraL 


468 


in?  districts :  aud  the  bunches  of  arti- 
ficial flowers,  chiefly  roses,  worn  in  the 
hats  of  the  male,  and  the  hair  of  the 
female  peasant  of  the  Black  Forest : 
the  hats  are  brown  wide-awakes  with 
blue  velvet  bands,  and  the  effect  as 
regards  the  male  decoration  is  at  least 
peculiar. 

Basle  is  a  very  picturesque  old  citj 
and  pleasantly  situated :  it  is  full  of 
fountains,  constantly  runninpj,  many  of 
them  ancient  and  of  beautiful  design, 
the  most  so  one  of  the  fifteenth  cen- 
tury. It  consists  of  an  octagonal  bnsin 
out  of  which  arises  a  column,  sur- 
mounted by  niches  containing  figures 
of  the  Virgin  and  other  saints,  and 
terminating  in  an  elegant  pinnacle,  the 
water  juttmg  out  of  brazen  s]K)uts. 
The  cathedral  is  an  interesting  struc- 
ture, and  is  now  under  repair ;  it  exhi- 
bits, like  most  ecclesiastical  buildings, 
a  variety  of  dates  in  its  construction ; 
the  substructure  being  as  early  as  the 
beginning  of  the  twelfth  century,  or 
perhaps  somewhat  earlier,  whilst  the 
towers  belong  to  the  florid  German 
style  at  the  dose  of  the  fifteenth  cen- 
tury. It  is  built  of  red  sandstone, 
which  is  generally  used  in  this  part  of 
the  country;  and  the  later  {Portions, 
consisting  of  the  upper  part  of  the 
towers  and  spires,  possess  that  remark- 
able light  open  work,  which  seems 
fitter  ibr  ii'on  or  wood  than  stone, 
but  which  is,  nevertheless,  a  proof  of 
the  wondrous  skill  of  the  German 
mason.  It  is  over  the  door  of  the 
north  transept  that  the  window  repre- 
senting the  "  Wheel  of  Life"  is  con- 
structed.* On  a  close  examination,  it 
appears  to  me  that  the  figures  are  not 
quite  so  old  as  the  window,  or  at  least 
some  few  years  intervened  between 
the  design  and  execution.  The  figure 
seated  on  the  summit  has  a  canopy 
over  his  head  evidently  later,  for  it  is 
not  earlier  than  the  close  of  the  thir- 
teenth century ;  all  this  part  is  better 
sculptured  as  regards  the  folds  of  the 
drapery  than  the  other.  But  the 
most  curious  figure  is  that  at  the  bot- 
tom, representing  a  mason,  with  his 
trowel,  leather  apron  and  cap,  his  left, 
hand  clutching  a  stone.  Death  has 
arrested  him  in  his  labour.  Is  it  the 
architect  of  the  fabric  who  died  in  the 
midst  of  his  work  ?    It  is  not  impro- 


bable that  such  was  the  intent  of  the 
artist,  who  introduced  this  figure  to 
point  the  mural  of  his  work.  The  two 
architects,  who  must  have  been  the 
successors  of  him  that  began  the  cathe- 
dral, are  represented  within  the  church 
as  if  conferring  with  each  other.  The 
two  figures  are  placed  on  the  south 
wall,  and  are  represented  seated  under 
a  double  canopy ;  the  work  is  of  the 
thirteenth  century,  and  has  this  inscrip- 
tion. 

Aula  celesti  lapides 
Vivi  titulantur 
Ut  duo  tempH  hajus  qui 
Structure  famulautar. 

Is  it  not  extremely  probable,  that  one 
of  them  completed  the  sculptures  on 
theWheel  as  a  "  memento  mori  ?**  There 
is  something  in  the  character  of  the 
work  which  I  have  beft)re  noted  that 
looks  later  than  the  architectural  cha- 
racter of  the  window. 

The  door  beneath  is  a  very  curious 
and  interesting  ])ortion  of  the  edifice, 
and  must  be  taken  as  forming  a  part 
with  the  window  in  iconographical 
arrangement.  Its  architecture  is  alto- 
gether Romanesque,  and  the  sculp- 
ture rude,  bearing  out  what  I  have 
said  respecting  that  on  the  "Wheel** 
being  somewhat  later.  The  tympanum, 
immediately  over  the  door,  has  the 
representation  of  Christ  in  Judgment ; 
the  figure  is  seateil  upon  a  throne, 
made  like  royal  seats  of  the  eleventk 
century,  holding  the  book  of  the  Gros- 
pels  in  Jiis  right  hand,  and  the  cross 
with  a  pennon  or  banner  from  it  in 
his  left.  On  his  right  is  St.  Peter,  witH 
a  large  key,  in  his  character  as  "  cla- 
viger  coelorum,"  or  Keeper  of  the  gates 
of  Heaven  ;  behind  him  is  a  kneeling 
figure  holding  a  door  in  his  hand.  Is  this 
the  founder  of  the  church,  or  rather,  ber^ 
haps  the  donor  of  this  entrance  and  its 
sculpture  ?  On  ihe  left  of  Christ,  a  saint 
with  t>ointed  beard  introduces  a  figure 
in  full  pontificals,  on  the  other  side  Of 
whom  stands  an  archangel,  with  a  staff 
like  a  seneschal  or  chamberlain ;  this  Is 
perhaps  St.  Michael,  who  generally 
performs  the  office  of  bringing  the 
souls  of  the  just  to  paradise.  This 
figure,  so  introduced,  was  perhaps  the 
bishop  of  the  diocese  under  whose 
auspices  the  cathedral  was  conlmenced. 
Beneath  this,  but  still  a  pArt  of  the 


*  S^e  the  Gentleman's  Miigaiiae  for  May,  1853,  p.  495« 


Stratburff 

rmpeiiutii,  is  tLe  atory  ol'  the  Wim 
nd  Foolish  VirgtDS,  a  subject  very 
(requenlly  repeated  at  cfttlieilml  doors. 
There  is  a  good  example  at  the  church 
of  Our  Lad;  at  Treves,  and  a  still 
liner  nt  Strasbur^.  In  this  instance 
tlieiubject  is  divided  into  two  pu^sby 
a  door,  on  one  side  of  which  Christ  re- 
ceiy  ea  the  W  i  se  Virpos,  besiowi  ng  u  pon 
tbeui  the  benediction,  which  the  fiire- 
moBt  of  theni  bows  her  head  to  receive. 
The  other  Bve  have  their  lumps  turned 
down,  and  the  Icjiding  figure  is  knock- 
ing al  the  door  fur  ndmiltnnce.  Tlie 
receding  jamba  of  the  doorwaj  have 
fall-length  figures  of  the  Evaugelisis 
with  their  xynibols  above  their  heads : 
on  the  right  siite  Matthew  and  Alark, 
on  the  left  Luku  and  Joliii.  On  each 
side  of  these,  rising  above  the  arch,  are 
tabernnelea,  the  uppermost  of  which, 
—  cither  side,  contains  an  angel  sound- 


ing n 


impel. 


;xed  t 


groups  of  figures  rising  out  of  their 
graves,  executed  rudely,  but  not  with- 
out some  spirit;  llieie  extend  a  little 
over  the  arch.  On  the  rieht  side,  be- 
neath the  niche  or  tabemacie  above  no- 
ticed, is  one,  containing  u  whole-length 
figure  of  St.  John  the  Baptist,  holding 
a  nimbus  with  the  Holy  Lamb  in- 
tivribed  upon  it.  Un  the  uppositc  iidu 
is  a  figure,  which  by  its  robes  should 
be  •  female,  and  its  position  is  that 
which  would  be  allotteil  to  the  Virgin 
Mary,  but  the  face  is  rather  masculine, 
and  ibe  hair  short ;  there  is  a  scroll  in 
the  lefl  band.  Six  subjecU,  similarly 
arranged,  three  on  each  side,  complelu 
the  composition.  TheseareiUuslrations 
of  the  "'orks  of  Mercy,  and  are  not 
oAen  met  with,  especially  at  thii  early 
date.    The  order  runs  thus:  On  the 

Qght,  1.  A  female  giving  a  pilgrim 
drink.  2,  A  figure  receiving  s 
3.  A  royaliiersunage  giving 
ing  to  a  naked  Ggiire.  On  the 
4.  A  female  attending  a  sick 
in  bed.  S.  A  female  giving  a 
r«uiKl  loaf  to  a  uiun  in  a  circular  tower, 
— it  appears  to  be  a  prison.  f>,  A 
tiMiafe  att«Riling  to  a  cripple.  Il  is 
JiAeMll  lo  ileterminc  some  of  these 
mUkU  aecording  Ui  the  order  in  St. 
«Sth>«,  ch.  XXV.  vvr.  S5,  36.  The 
£•  ttw  wem  clear  enough ;  hut  6 
^^M  to  1«  a  better  illustration  of 
«   ji'mm.  &<*-"  'hall  the   cripple  at 

«  ^  A(«  w«  miss  altogether  "an 
'  jr  ptit  mc  to  cat  i"  hut 


the  objection  is  ixiihaps 

and  on  the  whole  the  story  is  cla 

told. 

But  it  is  necessary  to  notice  ibe 
ndmirable  manner  in  which  the  whole 
range  of  subjects  are  grouped  together 
to  form  a  didactic  whole.  First  wo 
have  the  course  of  huninn  life  demon- 
strated, with  a  view  to  set  forth  the 
lability  of  1 
impic  manner  is 
malion  of  the  Lait  Judumen^  with  Mi 
exeiiiplificittion  of  moral  duties  in  tho 
Works  of  Mercy ;  whiM  the  parable  of 
the  Wise  and  Foolish  Virgins  is  to  leftdi 
the  folly  of  procrastination  in  5|Mrittt«l 
preparation.  ThefignrMof  thcBeptiat 
and  the  Bvangclisls  are  inlruducvd, 
being  the  teuclicrs  or  historians  of  ibo 
facts  recorded.  Nothing  cuuld  be 
more  coniplele,  or  better  illustrate  the 
power  of  teaching  through  the  ejre, 
which  for  so  many  ages  was  almost 
the  only  one  for  the  maasci.  Utber 
parts  of  the  cathedral  are  eurichiid 
with  sculpture,  particularly  the  west 
fruutt  the  most  remarkable  portions 
of  which  are  figures  of  St.  George  on 
horseback,  encountering  the  dragon, 
and  that  of  St,  Martin  dividing  his 
cloak  with  the  b^gar.  Both  are  abort 
the  aiEC  uf  life,  and  eauestriaii  Ggnrw 
in  hiuh  relief  are  not  OKen  seen  in  niell 
a  puBiliiin  on  the  face  of  tlie  building. 

From  Baste  to  Slrasburg  is  a  ptc*- 
sant  joui'iiev,  the  BCvncry  beautiful,  Ae 
country  and  pwplc  iiitervsling.  Tbe 
female  peuannlry  of  Alsace  are  fund  of 
positive  Colo  urn,  such  as  brij^bt  cr^ 


Kltieoata,  and  bright  emerald  green 
ndkerchiefs;  and  the  huge  bow  uf 
silk  before  noticed  is  univuraol.  They 
are  bad  figures,  and  never  serm  to 
know  where  the  waist  is,  or  ought  lobe. 
It  is  remarkable,  Iik>,  that  there  an 
a  great  number  with  spinal  defectai 
many  painful  objects  came  under  mjr 
notice  during  the  cain(wroti*ely  abort 
time  I  was  in  the  disincl.  The  nuin 
of  the  Vosges  is  now  on  our  leA,  tac 
ninck  Forest  on  our  riuht  upon  Ibe 
horixon,  and  a  Uuautifully  divcrai&ed 

Snispcct  salutes  the  eye  all  the  way  to 
trasbure.  As  we  approach  ihia  atj 
the cBtliL^ral  towers U|i. u  lunspicuoBi, 
hut  by  no  means  beaullfal,  ubitct.  Al 
a  ilistance  tie  oullinei  are  devoM  of 
grace,  and  contain  but  little  indiM- 
tioiu  of  design  i  nor  is  it  casilj'  poarible 
to   believe,   tJiat   the   summit   of  Aft  — 


185S0 


Siruiburg  Cathedral. 


465 


spire  exceeds  in  height  Ilie  lofViest 
buildin;;  in  the  world.  Indeed  when 
clo^e  to  the  building  it  is  ec]ually 
iliffiuult,  seeing  it,  03  i  di<l,  iu  nn  at- 
mosphere pure  and  clear,  sueh  as  in 
England  wc  never  have.  But  Ihe 
Mintter  at  Strasburg  ia  a  tiling  by 
iUelf.  It  is  nut  far  imiUtion:  nor 
can  it  be  critiujaetl  for  its  design,  witii- 
out  candemning  mnch,  m  iin  improper 
applioAtion  of  mnterial.  It  is  n  miracle 
of  ingenuity  and  labour,  und  the  ar- 
chitect seems  to  have  pla^e<l  with 
difficultiaa  for  the  mere  triumph  of 
o*erciiining  tbeui.  The  whole  of  the 
west  front  and  tower,  which  constitutes 
tJie  wonder  of  this  ftructure,  seems 
rattier  designed  for  iron  vrort  than 
atone,  and  would  be  more  appropriate 
in  that  material.  Of  the  unfitness 
of  stone  for  such  a  net-work  of  thin 
lofl7  mullions  and  foliations,  there  is 
plenty  of  proof  in  the  numberless  iron 
tie*  with  which  it  has  been  neccisarj 
to  itrengthen  them.  AfUr  our  wonder 
has  subsided  at  the  real  beauty  of  the 

Crts,  nud  the  complen  character  of  the 
.es,  we  are  forced  to  aak  nurselTes, 
to  what  purpose  has  there  been  so 
much  waste  of  labour,  and  whether  the 
result  is  adequate  to  the  means  em- 
ployed? It  is  a  work,  howerer,  of 
conauinmate  genius  and  daring.  The 
bare  conception  of  the  spiral  staircases, 
rising  as  they  do  almost  with  the  light- 
ness of  wire-work,  would  never  have 
entered  into  an  ordinnrv  mind ;  and 
Erwin  von  Sleinbach  will  ever  have 
his  name  recorded  as  one  of  thi;  great- 
est of  the  med inva I  artist »  of  Germany. 
But  the  great  beauty,  after  all,  be- 
longs to  its  noble  portals,  with  their 
unequalled  sculptures,  for  thn  latter 
are  by  far  the  &nest,  both  in  concep- 
tion and  execution,  I  have  ever  seen 
by  the  hind  of  a  medieval  artist.  In 
fact,  making  allowance  for  a  little 
quiintuess  or  tniioner,  it  would  be  dif- 
ficult to  exceed  them  I  shall  notice 
the  groupa  which  decorate  the  two 
inferior  iloors  of  the  west  front,  on 
account  of  their  extreme  benuty,  leav- 
ing the  general  moss,  which  ilocs  not 
materially  dilTvr  from  other  arrange- 
ments, and  would,  moreover,  take  loo 
much  (pace  for  a  complete  account. 
Tbu  subiecta  of  the  ernnp  in  question 
are,  "iTie  Wise  and  Foolish  Virgins," 
and  the  "  Virtues."  These  arc  repru- 
lonteU  by  figiirw  nearly  the  sine  of 


life,  on  the  recesses  of  each  doorway. 
The  "Wise  and  Foolish  Virgins"  are 
arranged  opposite  to  each  otlier :  on 
the  right  hand  arc  the  "Wise;"  they 
ari>  nenrly  nil  veiled ;  indeed  such  is  thu 
general  conventional  treahnent,  and 
the  point  aimed  at  was  to  show  the 
superiority  of  the  conventual  over  Ihe 
secular  life.  The  figure  of  Christ  is 
placed  near  tbedoorofthe church;  and 
in  this  arrangement  propriety  has  been 
consulted,  as  ho  is  represented  as  re- 
ceiving and  welcoming  the  Wise  Vir- 
gins to  the  church,  which  may  here 
represent  the  kingdom  of  heaven.  The 
expression  on  their  features  is  that  ol 
modesty  and  satisfaction,  and  theii 
lamps  are  represented  burning.  Al 
these  are  simple,  graceful  Qgnres;  but 
the  quietude  and  repose  necessary  to 
the  subject  h.os  not  called  forth  such 
artistic  power  as  is  shown  in  the  oppo- 
site group  of  the  "Foolish  Virgins." 
The  treatment  of  these  is  very  remark'  , 
able,  and  exhibits  a  most  thoughtfiil,  ' 
poetic    spirit    governing    the    artist's 

The  Wise  Virgins  I  have  mentioned 
are  conducted  by  Christ  towards  the 
door  of  the  charch,  close  to  which  his 
figure  is  placed ;   the  Foolish  Virgins 
are  head^  by  the  Tempter,  who  oc- 
cupies  the    angle    furthest    removed    ! 
from  the  church  door,  as  if  leadinf;   J 
them  from  it.     The  figure  of  this 
lign  spirit  is  most  remarkable;   : 
a  triumph  of   the   sculptor's   genius. 
ITnlike  the  deformed,  ugly,  representa- 
tions   with    cloven    feet,    and    hairy 
satyr-like  body,  such  as  the  medisval 
artists  usually  revel  in,  this  is  an  ele- 
gant youthful  person,  daintily  nttired 
in  the  long  dress  of  the  day,  and  with 
long  sharp-pointed  shoes.    His  couni 
tenance  is  full  of  voluptuous  indolence,  1 
such  as  is  frequently    given   by  Ibe  J 
Greek  artists  to  Bacchus,  and  he  holds  1 
an  apple  in  his  hand — the  symbol  oTfl 
the  tldl — which  he  contemplates  witbg 
an  easy  joyous  dr  of  nonchnlaace>l 
Arnund  bis  brow  is  a  chaplet  of  n—' 
and  behind,  crawling  all  over  his  ] 
son,  are  toads,  snakes,  and  othOT  Ic 
some  repUlM,  types  of  the  in 
foruiity  hidden  bcncatli  the  gay  ri 
in  which  he  ia  invested.     What  a 
pcrior  conception  is  this  of  the  n 
of  sin,  compared  to   that  wh" 
given  the  onlinary  vulg'— 

ITii!  flri.1  of  Ih    ■' 


■    ■_  ■      T  .  .  .  ....--:.•.     .:■'      ill  w:z.z    !»--*!-fliii  le  :!  lit*  ':•£«  ;•:" 


T  ,.  .-      -.lis    -  r  'iT"    :"  lit  tXi- 
■  .■    T-    T-..:     wi^-.     _r  ii:.'l    lit 

i.;     ■  •    s>-     :■    .■-.'/.il-jr    rr:  -li*-  lii  iT*  1 

■    •;  •  :  -    :.:■-  i-'i'^  .  :.-Ter:i---le«. :: 

■   '    ■  ■«     ■  •:  — 4.F:   ".i-r"'    f  ii5-:r.  iii 

- ;..  t      —  -.  :.  V  :     ■  ■.  It  xiKir  i  L>."r.":*?: 

•    •■      -. .   -■      I     .  I  ■■":   .•i-z/i  Tc  ir- 

-  ■    -     ..       _:.:  wii-.r.:  .-.     i,£xr=^   lai 

i:  ■  ..     -vk'-.  ".1-.  i-T-r^:  ::*f^:  i*  iiOi 

-■..■•■-       ''.  ."'"•J  i^r      T—  -Z.  WL  ■-'11 
L  ■    .  •  I  -.     I.  .   .     *.     >."    AsriT..-   .C^  I*t*.>L: 

»■■  _  !-._  •.■i.'r^—    ?■  ■■    ■       -  -      »—i^     mm  .«•     t-C 

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1  .. 


'     ■.  :      .;._••-    J.  i-   "  T  r-.-rUT ^*^•C^L. 

*   _•  •_•    ••. .    :.—•■:    i    If L*   sceTwhing 

..■■:•:  :^-.    .l.r^L  i.or  i^r  ibc 

.    -      r.         :  :   ri-  .--  :■>.-*  :i..'i&lft.  L-ooks. 

.  ;«      .\        I-     t  :  iT    ^'.r  :i-.  Liicr.  1  icun'i 

■. :    :.*•:▼-    :  li.  -.  r-.-rr:  rfrUuUe 

:    -     _     --  -:--.i".»  &:  Ik.L.ini  and  Sa- 

i.      '.•■.:  I   L.ujLi  fuT  a  :ew 

'•.•_■■•-        ^  :  _  :•  >>■-—-*  ii.T*trifol 

•  ..  :         _:  iir .---'. ^- ":jt  £1-1  amn, 

.•  .    ;  ■       :  :  V  w  rk.     SL-.-nlf 

. .  . V  ■      .■-  1.: .  _:.■:  a^ke^l  -  III 

•J       .  n."  :  •  .'■.*-  '"ir*  nf  ker 

^      -.^    •..'. :  •-•  ■  .:  k  in  a  iirink- 

;..-■  .  !■  •.  :..:.:->.•«.  f:r. ;  I  iVlt  it  wis 
r  •).  ■  ..  ;  -^..r  j*  ?ii!-.n  i-.-r  a  heretic 
:.:  :  :.j  ..  *t..'i:  I  -r  ihe  ?ale  Ot* 
:  •  r-t'.  •I'  t:i:vitiiou.  I  now 
.-  ij'r.t  !..  •  iMviior  v\  ihe  building, 
.'i:. :  :  .:  ::?  ]>lea:>:iM  ^'."••m  a  CihjI  and 
i-  I..'  !■  :n  1  r  •!•  -  :.}:::  •."■!  'it  r- rr- -1..:  j  ri'ivai  iruhi  the  :HN?rching 
iIlLi-!i.if!"ri.  I:.  !■  ii'i..:.  :ii--_v  -..x:..' '::  li.-.it  wiihr.ut.  Kxiernallv.  Strasburg 
a  ;:i'  ..T  'i--.»l  ■  :  •"'.  ij;.:  ;  i.  ■  :-.\  <  :.:•?  M-r^'-r  ■  s.jaiiv  "iir  uttontion  br  the 
ali...  :  isj."  "f  ?i.-i:..  \u  lii.:  •.■:i!;.i»i  iiii;!!i|.!".  ::_v  i-!  its  (.IclaiU.  but  within 
ol  ti.'- ]:.i.' ■.  i!-;  I  .y  .ill  '  i.-rjy  :1j  it  i*  ull  :-  -liii-Iiiity  \x\A  jrraiideur.  It 
woitliy  I  v.ji  <i  .Ml.  l...ti  Aii^  \i\  \:\A  ?.;■•::.•;  j-;  irKMrin  v«»n  Mcinbaoh  had 
it  II...'.  I.  ■  -ii! '-i"  tli. -■.;.«  1  I'jii-  _'r-.''iji  r-ipl-  i\iii:r>  •!  t"  :i*>iiiiil:ite,  as  far  as 
;Jr':.'  Iv  ■'<  •■  .'"  ■!.  •I.;it  f-iT  "irM;.-  i!..  ro  ii.--'.'  Iv.  Ill*  il.-:.:«'n  to  the  earlj  Bo- 
i-  i;'it|.,i.w  t-:  I  ■■  .;■  -I.;  ;..:■  I;. ;?.;«:.'.-  iiia:i..'..'iu";  wi.rk  •'!  lli-j  choiri  in 
iii'.iii  i>i  'ii.ii  •  ly  ii  \..-iiiM  ]  ,_•  ii!i].<  lilt  tint  !■•  i-'>iijti.!l  nrohitectare  ■ 
td  '^i,  r,<y(>iiil  tii'  in  :  ii  i.«  uutii;..!  ii:  \\s  iiut  Inj  Iii.iii-1  with  ornament  ' 
liil'l-.  i-'iv.-ilij'j  r.ut  \uA  <-(irif.v..lin;.' ihe  Inuk  iiiL.iiiiiiiiiious.  Nol 
Ujwn,     ll»i'     i.i'iviMu'hf     r.l"    fl,f.    jiiiibs      fhf    vii-w    Iniiii   the  Weil 


X. 

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II  :   ;  :.  i    .*•    ■  J  ; 

1853.]       The  "  White  Horse''  of  Saxony  and  Brunswick. 


467 


high  altar ;  it  presents  a  vast  and  loftj 
area,  with  a  subdued  quiet  light  from 
the  quantity  of  richly  painted  glass 
which  fills  the  windows.  So  beautiful 
and  complete  a  display  I  have  never, 
I  think,  before  seen ;  it  seems  as  if 
the  sapphire  and  ruby  had  been  bor- 
rowed to  transmit  the  light,  so  rich 
and  deep  are  the  reds  and  blues,  which 
are  by  far  the  most  important  of  the 
primitive  colours  to  use  in  glass.  I 
was  also  led  to  draw  a  comparison 
between  the  success  of  large  and  small 
figures,  and  compositions ;  my  verdict 
is  entirely  in  favour  of  the  latter,  nor 
have  the  moderns  gained  anything  by 
their  mechanical  skUI,  which  enables 
them  to  procure  larger  pieces  of  ma- 
terial. In  these  cases  there  is  a  want  of 
vigour ;  and,  in  spite  of  the  labour  and 
skill  employed  in  modern  painted  glass, 
I  must  confess  that  the  application  of  it 
appears  to  me  but  little  understood.  Too 


much  is  thought  of  making  a  picture, 
and  of  competing  with  other  materials ; 
but  the  spectator  should  always  be 
impressed  with  the  effect  of  the  whole ; 
and  I  am  inclined  to  believe  the  use 
of  figures  might  be  altogether  discon- 
tinued, without  any  detriment  what- 
ever ;  for  they  are  often  placed  so  far 
above  the  eye  as  to  be  entirely  lost, 
so  far  as  art  is  concerned,  and  oflen 
difficult  to  distinguish,  even  with  the 
aid  of  a  powerful  glass,  as  I  hare 
reason  to  know.  But  we  will  now  rest 
awhile  in  the  pleasant  shade  of  the 
aisles,  and  take  a  look  at  the  history  of 
the  apparition  of  Our  Lady  of  Salette, 
and  if  we  find  it  afibrds  delectation, 
or  is  at  all  calculated  to  edify  our 
readers,  a  summary  of  the  story,  as 
given  by  the  orthodox  themselves,  may 
not  be  uninteresting,  the  more  espe- 
cially as  we  are  taunted  with  our  want 
of  faith  on  its  account. 


REMARKS  ON  THE  ♦♦  WHITE  HORSE"  Ol^  SAXONY  AND  BRUNSWICK. 

By  Stephen  Martin  Leake,  Esq.,  Garter. 


THE  White  Horse  was  anciently  the 
device  of  the  Saxons,  who  had  great 
regard  to  this  creature,  and  bcin^  white, 
saith  Tacitus,  was  employed  ni  their 
sacrilegious  ceremonies.  It  was  usual 
with  tae  pagan  Germans,  especially 
their  noblemen,  to  take  the  surname 
of  beasts:  thus  Ilengist  and  Horsa 
were  denominated,*  both  their  names 
in  the  Saxon  language,  as  also  in  the 
ancient  Teutonic,  signifying  a  horse, 
and  they  bore  a  leaping  ichite  horse 
for  their  device  in  a  red  field,  which 
was  the  ancient  device  of  the  princes 
and  dukes  of  Saxony  ;  and  albeit,  says 
Speed,  the  dukes  have  of  late  years 
changed  that  coat,  yet  doth  Ilenry 
Julius  now  Duke  of  Brunswick,  a 
most  ancient  Saxon  prince,  who  some- 
times bears  the  white  horse  in  a  red 
field,  bear  the  white  horse  for  the 
crest.  Ilere  this  horse  is  called  a  leap- 
ing whiter  and  therefore  blazoned  sali- 
ent. In  ^  Les  Souverains  du  Jiloude  " 
it  k  '  m1  flnles,  a  chevaJ  gay  or 


frisking;  and  in  the  arms  of  the  Elector 
of  Cologne,  who  stiles  himself  Duke 
of  Westphalia,  it  is  blazoned  un  cheval 
garni  et  passant  cTargent,  which  terms 
gay  and  passant  seem  a  contradiction. 
Chifilet,  No.  210,  blazons  the  horse  in 
the  crest  of  Henry  le  Jeune,  Duke  of 
Brunswick,  un  cheoal  courant  (Targejit : 
the  posture  of  the  horse  seems  not  to 
have  been  regarded,  but  to  have  been 
adapted  to  the  situation  in  the  esco- 
cheon  ;  thus  the  Duke  of  Savoy  f  bears 
it  salient  and  contournCf  whilst  the 
Dukes  of  Brunswick  have  all  along 
borne  it  courant.  This  white  horse  for 
Saxony,  Iloppin^ius  tell  us,  is  not 
borne  by  reason  of  the  Duke  of  Bruns- 
wick's descent  from  Wittichindus  of 
Saxony,  but  for  conquering  a  ^reat 
part  of  that  country,  especially  West- 
phalia i  his  words  are, — "  Quoad  equum 
sive  pullum,  non  erat  gestum  ab  Hen- 
rico Leone  tanquam  proveniente  a 
prosapia  Wittichindi,  ut  equum  defer- 
ret,  sed  quod  maxiumm  partem  West* 


*  *he  Knights  of  the  AnDunciado,  blaaons  the  horse  in 
'*hefal  gay  effray^  et  contoam^.*' 


468 


The  «  White  Horse  "  of  Saxony  and  Bi^fuwUsk.        [Not, 


phaliie,  cajas  hie   equus  tessem  est, 

Sssidesset.  In  "  Les  Souverains  du 
onde,*'*  it  is  said,  ^*  Cc  sont  les  armes 
de  la  Saxe  infcrieure,  c'est  li  dire,  de 
Westphalie,  qu*avoit  port^s  d*abord 
Witekind  et  ensuite  Henry,  sur- 
nomme  le  Lion.*'  The  Jcu  d  Armoi- 
ries  blazons  the  crest  of  Branswick  un 
cheval  gailopant ;  but  in  the  blazon  of 
the  same  horse  in  the  Duke  of  Savoy's 
arms  the  author  calls  it  tin  poulain  gay 
contourne  et  affraic  (Cargent,  a  colt 
scared  and  turned  the  contrary  way ; 
and  tells  us  that  Westphalia  bears  a  colt, 
in  allusion  to  the  word  phalen,  which 
in  the  old  Saxon  signifies  a  colt,  to 
which  they  added  the  word  Vricst  or 
west ;  but  notwithstanding  this  pretty 
etymology  wc  cannot  help  thinkmg  it 
a  norse. 

Before  the  erection  of  the  dukedom 
of  Brunswick  Lunenburgh  into  an 
electorate,  the  dukes  bore  the  White 
Horse  as  the  device  or  badge  of  ancient 
Saxony  in  their  crest,  and  so  it  appears 
in  the  arms  of  Henry  le  Jeune,  in 
Chifilet,  No.  210,  and  upon  the  money 
down  to  Ernest  Augustus,  who  being 
constituted  an  elector  of  the  empire 
transferred  the  horse  from  the  crest 
into  the  escocheon,  placing  it  in  the 
middle  chief  (which  is  the  first  place 
with  the  Germans)  as  the  insignia  of 
the  ducal  house.  And  thus  it  is  mar- 
shalleil  upon  the  reverse  of  the  medal 
of  Duke  Ernest  Augustus,  anno  1692, 
struck  upon  the  occasion  of  his  investi- 
ture in  the  electorate ;  and  thus  we 
see  it  in  the  garter- plate  of  his  Majesty 
King  George  the  First,  when  Duke  of 
Brunswick,  anno  1702;  whereas  in 
that  of  Christian  Duke  of  Brunswick, 
Installed  13th  Dec.  1625,  the  horse  is 
only  in  the  crest.f 

The  escocheon  sur  le  tout  is  the  im- 
perial augmentation  by  which  the  seve- 
ral secular  electors  arc  distinguished 
from  each  other ;  it  being  the  preroga- 
tive of  the  electors,  amongst  others,  to 
enjoy  the  arch-employs  of  the  empire 
as  inseparably  united  to  their  electo- 
rates. Thus  the  three  ecclesiastical 
electors  are  grand  chancellors,  and 
the  secular  electors  bear  the  distinc- 


tions of  their  r^pective  offices;  as 
Bavaria  and  the  Elector  Palatine  J«r 
le  tout^  Gules,  the  globe  imperial  (ur, 
for  the  office  of  Arch-Dapifer  or  Great 
Master  of  the  household  of  the  em- 
pire ;  Saxont,  Parti  sable  and  argent, 
two  swords  in  saltire  gules,  for  the 
office  of  Great  Marshal;  Bxahdbiv- 
BURGH,  Azure,  a  sceptre  in  pale  or,  fyt 
the  office  of  Grand  Chancellor. 

The  Duke  Ernest  received  the  in- 
vestiture of  the  Electoral  dignity  the 
29th  December,  1692  N.S.,  but  he 
never  was  received  in  the  college  of 
electors ;  at  the  same  time  he  was  de- 
clared standard-bearer  of  the  empire ; 
but  this  being  claimed  by  the  Doke  of 
Wirtemberg,  who  as  such  bears  the 
imperial  standard  on  his  arms,  he  neyer 
used  the  ensign  of  the  office.  He  died 
the  23rd  of  January,  1698,  and  was 
succeeded  in  the  electoral  disnity  by 
his  son  George  Louis,  upon  which  oc* 
casion  a  medal  was  struck  having  the 
Horse  current  upon  the  reverse.  On 
the  7th  September,  1708,  he  was  re- 
ceived into  the  electoral  college  at  the 
diet  at  Ratisbon,  and  the  12th  April, 
1710,  had  the  office  of  Arch-Treasurer 
of  the  empire  conferred  upon  him. 
From  the  investiture  of  Duke  Ernest 
Augustus  to  this  time  the  escocheon  sur 
le  tout  had  been  void,  as  we  see  upon 
the  garter-plates  of  his  Electoral  High- 
ness in  1701,  and  of  the  ElecUntd 
Prince  his  son,  our  present  gracious 
sovereign  in  1706,  which  in  '*  Les  So- 
verains  du  Monde**  is  called  {  kh  champ 
vuidi,  ou  les  marques  de  la  nouveUe  dig' 
nite  iHectoraJe  se  dot  cent  placer  unjomr. 
But  the  office  of  Arch-Treasurer  being 
granted,  as  before  mentioned,  his  Ma- 
jesty from  that  time  bore  the  escocheon 
charged  with  Charlemagne*s  crown  as 
the  badge  of  that  office. 

Before  quitting  the  subject,  I  shall 
endeavour  to  obviate  some  queries 
which  may  be  made  in  relation  to  the 
bearing  the  White  Horse ;  as,  Why  it 
was  borne  by  the  Dukes  of  Brunswick 
at  first  in  the  crest  and  not  in  the  arms : 
Why  Duke  Ernest  Augustus,  upon 
beinj;  constituted  an  Elector  of  the 
empire,  inserted  the  Horse  in  his  arms 


*  Ed.  Paris,  1718,  v.  i.  p.  164. 

t  In  the  garter-plate  of  George  William  Dake  of  Brunwick,  installed  5  June,  1694, 
it  is  placed  in  the  middle  of  the  second  rank  immediately  under  the  arms  of  Brans- 
wick, and  likewise  in  his  crest. 

X  Ed.  Paris,  1741,  vol.  i.  p.  196. 


und  in  Ihe  miiltlle  tliieli  whicli,  with 
the  Germans,  is  the  tiratjilHcei  And, 
idally,  vhy,  being  borne  in  the   Grst 

Silnce,  it  wag,  upon  the  nccession  of 
Cing  George  the  First  lo  the  crown  of 
Great  Britain,  tnardhallcd  en  point  eali, 
betTFeen  the  urms  of  the  two  iluke- 
tloou.  To  the  first  it  insj  be  replied, 
that  the  crest  is  the  most  nnoient  and 
most  houoarnble  bearing  amoiiget  the 
Germans.  "  Plusieura  fiiinilles  Alle* 
inaniles  ont  divers  cimiera  qui  sont 
cnmme  nutnnt  de  brisurcs,  que  en  dts- 
tinguent  lea  brauches;  parue  que  plu- 
aieuTd  freres  ont  pam  dans  les  tour- 
nois  Qvec  memes  armed  ct  dlfierens 

graade  marque  de  noblesse  que  riu-- 
moiriea."  Again,  "Les  ftiiulles  qui 
ont  change  d'urinoiries  |iour  de  justes 
raisoDs  ont  retenu  les  ancieniies  en 
cimicT,  coiniue  lea  Dues  de  Bruuswick, 
lorlis  do  In  niaison  de  Saxc,  ont  encore 
en  cimier  h  Cheail  de  Wes^iluilie,  ou 
de  taneiennc  Saie."  (Origines  des  Ar- 
moiries.)  It  must  likewise  be  observed, 
that  this  Horse  was  not  the  arms,  but 
tiie  ancient  device  of  the  Saxons;  and 
the  Wild  Colt  of  Westphalia,  if  there 
be  any  such  distinct  benriui,  is  onlj  a 
diminutive  of  the  Saxon  Horse,  and 
derived  from  it.  This  Uurse  bad  been 
lonj;  the  badge  of  the  Ducol  house  of 
Urilnswiek,  lor  which  reason,  when  this 
house  WAR  raised  to  the  Electoral  dig- 
nil/,  the  Horse  was  made  the  insienja 
of  tlie  Electoral  house,  and  inserted  as 
[hi>  Kleotoral  arms  in  the  middle  chief, 
which  is  the  first  plaw  with  the  Ger- 
mane. This  serveil  likewise  to  distin- 
Buish  the  Ktcctural  house  of  Hanover 
from  other  branches  of  the  Brunswick 
fiunilj,  as  also  to  shew  their  descent 
from  the  ancient  houseof  Huxonjr,  and 
conquest  of  Westphalia  and  possession 
of  some  part  of  it ;  as  the  Elector  of 
Cologne,  who  quarters  the  Horse  in 
his  second  quarter  (after  the  arms  of 
the  Archbisliopric)  for  Wfttphalia,  be- 
uanse  at  the  general  partition  of  the 
great  Dukedom  of  Saxon  j,  when  Henr  j 
the  Liun  was  proscribed,  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Cologne  obtained  that  port 
of  Westphalia  which  be  still  holds  by 
virtue  of  it.  and  stvlcs  himself  Duke 
of  Westphalia.  For  this  reason  I  should 
rather  ascribe  the  Horse  in  the  Bruns- 
wick arras  to  L*wer  Snxonj,  of  which 
he  possesses  so  grtM.  a  share,  including 
the  three  DacbiM  of  Brunswick,  Lu> 


f  Sajrony  nnii  Bfunxmick.  469 

nenburgh,  and  Hanover,  almost  all  the 
I^tectoral  dominions,  and  therefore  pos- 
seascs  the  first  place,  of  which  the  others 
Drebutparts  and  members;  and  though 
it  was  not  borne  as  arms  in  the  esco- 
cbcon  before  the  investiture  of  Duke 
Ernest  Augustus  into  the  Electoral 
disnity,  yet  upon  a  coin  of  Henry 
Julius  Duke  of  Brunswick  tke  crest 
with  the  HorsB  is  placed  iu  a  circle  of 
eleven  escoclieons  of  arms  in  the  first 
place,  between  the  escochcons  of  Bruns- 
wick and  Luncnburgh,  as  the  principal 
insignia,  as  it  is  now  marshalled  as  arm* 
between  those  two  coals.  It  must 
likewise  be  observed  that  the  Horse 
being  borne  as  arms,  is  not  Ifaerefortt 
discharged  from  the  crest  as  our  mo' 
dern  books  of  arms  have  it,  where, 
when  the  Horse  is  in  tlie  crest,  it  is  not 
in  the  urm^  and,  pice  oertd,  when  in 
the  arms  is  omitted  in  the  crest;  for 
in  the  garter-plate  of  his  present  Ma- 
jesly  King  George  the  Second,  anno 
1706,  being  then  Klecloral  Prince  of 
Brunswick,  tlie  Horse  is  both  in  the 

To  the  Inst  qnery,  why  the  Hone, 
being  marshnll^  in  the  Srst  place, 
should  , be  placed  in  t\ic  point  mti  in 
the  fourth  quarter  of  the  British  esco- 
cheon,  I  answer,  that  the  Horse  was 
properly  marshalled,  acconling  to  the 
German  blfl:Eon,  in  the  middle  chief, 
between  the  arms  of  tite  two  duchies 
of  Brunswick  and  Luncnburgh,  being 
accompanied  with  many  other  i|Unrtei^ 
ings;  whereas,  being  marshalled  in  the 
fourth  quarter  of  theBrilishcscucheon 
only  with  those  two  in  a  triangular 
form,  it  could  not  be  pliiced  properly 
in  any  other  situation.  Had  the  Horse 
been  marshalled  in  any  other  manner, 
it  must  have  occupied  the  whole  chief 
of  the  CHCocheon,  or  have  displaced  the 
arms  of  duchies,  which  are  his  &!&• 
jeety's  proper  titles,  and  according  lo 
our  English  heraldry  the  arms  should 
correspond  to  the  titles,  and  Bruns- 
wick and  Lunenburgh  occii;^  tbe  chief 
of  the  cHcucheon,  and  the  insignia  of 
Saxony,  or  of  the  ancient  honte  of 
Saxony,  whence  both  are  derived,  Ml 
properly  anil  naturally  euli,  or  in- 
grafted between  both;  and  this  manner 
of  marshalling  the  arms  of  the  two 
dukedoms,  being  a  kind  of  impalement, 
OS  it  bears  a  near  relation  to,  so  it 
might  be  intended  in  imitation  of,  the 
impalement  of  KngUnd  and  Scotland 


■ 


470        Caw^HiignM  o/ 1793— 1795  in  FUuident  and  Holland.      [Nov. 


in  the  first  quarter  of  the  same  royal 
achievement,  which  royal  achievement 
of  his  Majesty  King  Grcorge  the  First, 
as  settled  in  Council  the  Gth  Decem- 
ber, 1714,  and  entered  in  the  Earl 
Marshart)  book  in  the  Office  of  Arms, 
I.  27,  may  be  thus  blazoned : — Quar- 
terly, first,  England :  viz.  Gules,  three 
lions  passant  guardant  in  pale  or;  im- 
paling Scotland,  Or,  a  lion  rampant 
within  a  double  tressure  contrc-fleury 
gules;  second,  France,  Azure,  three 
fleurs'de-lis  or ;  third,  Ireland,  Azure, 
a  harp  or,  6tringe<l  argent ;  fourth,  the 
arms  of  his  Majesty's  electoral  do- 
minions, semi  per  pale  and  per  chevron 
ente :  first,  Brunswick,  two  lions  passant 
guardant  or;  second,  Luncnburgh,  Or, 
seme  of  hearts  gules,  a  lion  rampant 
azure;  third,  Saxony,  Gules,  a  horse 
current  argent,  with  an  escocheon  in  sur 
tout  of  Charlemagne's  crown,  being  the 
badge  of  the  office  of  Arch -Treasurer 
of  the  empire ;  all  within  the  garter. 
And  for  the  crest,  upon  a  royal  helmet 
the  imperial  crown  of  Great  Britain 
(double-arched,  and  composed  of  crosses 
and  fieui*8-de-li8),  and  thereon  a  lion 
passant  guardant,  crowned  with  a  like 
crown,  mantelled  gold,  doubled  ermine. 
Supported  on  the  dexter  side  by  the 
English  Lion  guardant,  and  crowned 
as  tne  crest ;  and  on  the  sinister  by  the 


Scotch  Unicorn,  argent,  armed,  crined, 
unguled,  and  gorged  with  a  princely 
coronet  and  chain  thereto  reflexed  orer 
his  back,  and  passing  between  his  legs, 
all  or,  standing  upon  a  compartment 
inscribetl  with  the  motto  Dibu  bt  mov 

DHOIT. 

The  royal  badge  to  be  afiixed  to  tiie 
collars  of  the  king's  heralds  and  ser- 
jeants-at-arms, and  worn  by  other  of 
his  Majesty's  servants  by  whom  badges 
are  usually  worn,  was  settled  at  the 
same  time  in  council,  as  follows :  vix. 
Upon  an  escrolc  (having  the  motto 
Dibu  bt  mon  droit)  azure,  the  royal 
motto,  the  White  Horse  current,  above 
him  the  union  badge  of  the  thistle  ino* 
culated  upon  the  stalk  of  the  double 
rose.  Over  this,  between  the  branches, 
an  escochcon  with  Charlemagne*scrown, 
all  under  the  imperial  crown  of  Grreat 
Britain.  The  White  Horse,  the  in- 
signia of  his  Majesty's  descent  and  of 
the  electoral  house  ot  Brunswick  Lu- 
ncnburgh, was  without  doubt  a  very 
proper  addition ;  but  with  what  pro* 
priety  Charlemagne's  crown,  the  badoe 
of  an  office  in  the  empire,  could  be 
made  a  part  of  the  royal  badfe  of 
Great  Britain  I  cannot  compr^end; 
for  I  cannot  conceive  the  badge  of  any 
office  to  be  honourable,  even  to  an 
Elector. 


THE  CAMPAIGNS  OF  1793—1795  IN  FLANDERS  AND  HOLLAND. 

The  Journals  and  Correspondeace  of  General  Sir  Harry  Calvert,  Bart,  comprising  the 
Campaigns  in  Flanders  and  Holland  in  1793-4.  Wiih  an  Appendix  containing  his 
plans  for  the  Defence  of  the  Country  in  case  of  Invasion.  Edited  by  his  SoDi  Sir 
Harry  Verney,  Bart.     8vo.     Harst  and  Co.     1853. 


THESE  papers  of  Sir  Harry  CaU 
vert  relate  to  a  military  operation  which 
was  connected  with  some  of  the  most 
striking  incidents  in  modern  history. 
In  the  middle  of  the  year  1792  a  large 
combined  army  of  Austrians  and  Prus- 
sians entered  France  with  the  avowed 
intention  of  rcstoriuff  Louis  XVI.  to 
the  power  of  which  lie  had  been 'de- 
prived by  the  Ilevolution.  Such  an 
attempt  to  interfere  with  the  internal 
affairs  of  a  great  nation,  was,  to  say 
the  least  of  it,  injudicious,  and  a  pro- 
clamation issued  by  the  allies  which 
threatened,  in  a  certain  event,  the  total 
destruction  of  the  city  of  Paris,  was  in 
the  very  highest  d^*ee  impolitic  and 


suicidal.  Such  a  course  of  conduct 
betrayed  entire  ignorance  on  the  part 
of  the  allies  of  the  spirit  and  power  of 
the  people  they  were  invading,  and  the 
nature  of  the  movement  they  desired 
to  put  <lown.  Its  effect  was  to  unite 
the  French  nation  against  their  in- 
vaders, and  drive  on  the  revolutionary 
faction  to  excesses  amongst  themselves, 
and  to  endeavours  after  fraternization 
with  all  the  democrats  of  surrounding 
nations.  Dumouriez  succeeded  by  skil* 
ful  operations,  both  warlike  and  diplo- 
matic, in  driving  the  armies  of  the  allies 
out  of  France.  Becoming  an  aggressor 
in  his  turn,  he  overran  Flanders,  whidi 
then  belonged  to  Austria,  threw  open 


1853.]      Campaignu  </  1793— 1795  i»  Flanders  and  ffollund.      471 

of  the  Scheldt,     Caplain  Cnlvert.     WLen  Ibe  English   ' 


to  Franco  thennTigation 
and  early  in  1793  be^i 
of  tbat^rearbyndTBDcinj;  into  I lol land 
with  the  nvowed  inlention  of  driving 
ont  the  Stadtholder  nnd  annexing  tlie 
United  Profinces.  as  he  bad  nlrcnd; 
annexed  Atmtrian  FlandcrB,  to  France. 
The  StadtholdcT  was  unwiae  and  un- 
popular, and  liolland  nai  deeply  in- 
fected with  the  principles  of  French 
demoernc^.  The  Dutch  people  everj 
where  hailed  their  iDvoderi  with  de- 
light. In  leal  than  a  ni'iath  Breda 
and  Gertiaydeiibcrg  bad  opened  their 
sates  to  the  French,  and  a  considerable 
force  had  adv.inced  to  the  eiege  of 
WlUemetndi. 

But  circumstance!)  bad  nmr  cbangeil 
grettly  both  in  France  and  in  the  situ- 
ation of  the  allies.  Louis  XVI.  bad 
been  executed,  wnr  hod  been  declared 
hj  Prance  against  Great  Uribiin,  and 
a  force  of  30,000  men,  BritinU  and 
Hanoverians,  bad  been  despatched  to 
join  the  allies.  The  primary  object  of 
the  British  interference  ims  to  save 
Uolland,  and  with  that  riew  the  bri- 
gade of  English  guards  was  embarked 
with  what  WHS  then  deemed  all  possible 
ixpedition,  but  would  now  be  regarded 


Sir  Harry  Calvert,  whose  papers  are 
bero  presented  to  us,  was  at  that  time 
a  young  officer  in  the  ColdsiriAU 
guards,  and  uuconipanied  his  regiment 
on  their  ardnoiis  service;  here  seeing 
war,  as  was  probably  the  case  with 
most  of  his  compnoions,  for  the  first 
time.  The  expedition  was  put  under 
the  command  of  the  Duke  of  York,  o 
young  prince  who  hud  never  Ixieii  in 
active  service,  but  was  assisted  by  the 
maturer  knowledge  of  General,  uner- 
wards  Sir  lUlpb,  Abcrcroinby.  The 
Hanoverians  wore  under  the  orders  of 
Count  Wnliuodcn :  and  bath  British 
■nd  ilanovcrions  farmed  part  of  the 

Kneral  allied  army,  of  which  the 
ince  of  Cobourg — great-grandfather 
of  Prlnoe  Albert — wtsgeneral-in-ehief. 
The  astonish  mo  nt  of  the  English 
troopson  being  transplanted  from  their 
own  country,  then  all  on  fire  with  in- 
dignation at  the  barbarities  praciising 
in  France,  to  a  soil  the  phlegmatic  in- 
habitants ol  which  were  ready  to  allow 
Duinouriez  to  capture  iheir  fortresses 
niiil  do  what  he  pleased  witli  iheir  na- 
tional initiUttioiUi  ia  neH  deH^ribcd  bjr 


their  siege  of  Widen 
the  possession  of  which  was  a  necea- 
sary  step  towarils  their  narcliing 
upon  llelvoot  the  Brill,  Dort,  and 
Kollerdaiu.  The  enemy's  gims  wera 
heanl  at  llelvoet  wbtm  the  ill-pro- 
videil  Engbsh  transports  brought  the 
guardii  to  the  shore,  bat  the  town  re' 
mainod  perfectly  tranquil.  Intliedocic* 
yard  there  wera  lying  eleven  line-of-  ' 
battle  ships  and  two  fngalcs,  with  large 

3 uantities  of  warlike  slorcK,  all  under  \ 
le  odicient  protection  of  a  garrison  of 
30  men,  and  no  consideration  seemed 
gufKuient  to  rouse  the  Datohmen  to 
the  propriety  of  adopting  means  of 
defence.  Their  hearts  wera  alienated 
from  their  own  gorernment,  and  tbey 
had  made  up  their  minds  to  let  ooma 
what  would  come.  On  advancing  to 
Uort  the  presence  ofihe  English  troopi 
appeared  to  spread  "  some  degree  of  . 
satisfaction  among  the  people,"  but  be*  ' 
fore  their  arrival  "  there  were  not  in  ' 
the  town  above  twenty  adherents  to 
the  Stadtholder,"  and  the  "degree  of 
satisfaction"  which  the  arrival  of  the 
British  bad  excite<l  did  not  extend  tg 
providing  thcnt  with  quarters.  "The 
unconcern  expressed  in  every  Dutch 
face,"  remarks  Captain  Calvert,  "  and 
the  absolute  4tn^-/r(tu/ with  which  tbej 
list«n  to  the  report  of  the  French  guns 
before  ^Vlllemstadt,  is  enough  to  make 
an  Englishman's  blood  boil."  The 
young  guardsman  liked  neither  ^e 


He  thought  ''the  air  of  8t.  James's" 
more  congenial  to  his  constitution  tlum 
the  High  Street  of  Dort,  aod  he  sent 
tidings  to  his  sister  "that  she  could 
have  noideaof  ^cAii^  out,  lilt  she  see~ 
a  Dutch  woman,  five  yards  at  least  !i. 
circumference,  to  be  at  all  in  the  lo»i  \ 
a  score  would  make  a  full  Ranelagb  i 
II  hat  like  an  umbrella  I"  All  this  sa- 
vours a  little  of  dandyism.  Certainly 
Caplain  Calvert  bad  personally  no  rea> 
son  to  complain.  We  learn  tn  the  same 
letter  bow  well  he  was  trcatcil  in  the 
house  of  one  of  these  same  Mtack-md  i 
ladies;  true  she  was  very  prudently 
"  not  in  town,"  but  her  nephew  did  tho 
honours  very  handsomely  on  her  be- 
half, Rtteil  up  a  spacious  parlour  for 
the  Captain's  reception,  desired  him  l«  J 
cnntider  himKlf  quiut  tX  homvi  f 


472       Cmmfmigmg  ^  17»— 1793  m  Flmmien  mmi  BoUmmi.     [Not. 


vitbofit  1  inLiMUj  Hb^ : 

liffamui  ia  tiie  carefal  Dii;c-1  l^ij't 
briffat  suyre. 

The  Lneli^li  ifarev  >-.-jour>  :r.io 
Wili-rm  -tad:.  u>d  'J^  Auftriin*  h»i  co»- 
nderaUe  raocesKf  in  Br^h&LU  vbere- 
npoo  tl»e  Fiqaeh  rvMd  liie  acre  of 
WilleiunA'^t.  iDd  retreiied.  in  til  hisse. 
letrinj  Uieir  «iib$  in  their  buteria. 
This  first  cQCcess  became  qTiite  an  :3- 
cident  in  tbe  life  of  the  E&^ixsii  then 
in  HoUukL  The  Datdi  people  re- 
muDed  15  nncooceraed  as  erer.  (vo- 
bftblj  inrieTing  rather  than  the  coDtrarr 
ml  the  re«alL»  Dut  amaujrrt  the  En^Hiik 
people  Willem^tadt  became  a  lion.  It 
was  the  toi  to  go  and  look  at  the  poor 
little  place  vbich  had  vith<toc^  the 
arms  of  the  inriDcible  Damouneae. 
Lord  and  Ladj  Aacklanl,  vith  the 
two  daoffaten  of  the  gallant  comman- 
der of  the  little  town,  thus  snddenl/ 
become  famous,  trareUed  from  the 
Hague  to  inspect  the  place,  and  even 
the  Stadtholaer  cond&cended  to  make 
one  of  the  partT.  Another  partj  con- 
Bsted  of  English  officer*  from'Dort, 
bat  as  Captain  Calvert  was  one  of  them, 
we  will  let  him  tell  the  tale  of  their 
■drentures  lumself : — 

Yon  will  perceive  bj  mf  last  letters  that 
I  bad  an  intention  of  goinf  to  Willemstadt, 
and  will  oatnrallj  expect  some  accoant 
of  my  expedition  to  a  place  so  macfa 
the  tabject  of  converMition  and  aniietv; 
994i. — On  Taesdaj,  a  Urje  party  of  as, 
amoQgit  whom  was  Colonel  Hnlse  only  of 
joar  acqnainUnoe.  having  enga^  a  boat, 
aasetnbled  on  the  wharf  at  six,  a.ni.,  and 
hi  about  an  hour  and  a-balf  got  the  skip- 
per and  his  vessel  under  weich  (this,  for  a 
Ihitchnian,  is  reckoned  very  fair.)  The 
wind  being  as  favoarable  as  it  could  blow, 
whether  we  chose  it  or  nut,  took  us  down 
in  about  two  hours  and  a«half ;  but  so 
determined  an  enemy  was  our  skipper  to  ex- 
pedition, that,  for  causes  which  we  could 
nerer  discover,  he  slackened  sail  about 
half  way  on  our  voyage.  Whatever  the 
causes  might  be,  the  effects  we  soon  learnt 
to  our  cost,  for,  on  our  arrival  at  the  pier- 
head at  WillemsUdt,  the  tide  was  so  far 
■pent  as  to  render  navigation  up  the  small 
canal  that  leads  to  the  town  a  very  trou- 
blesome operation.  Now  trouble  being  to 
a  Dutchman  the  thing  of  all  others  the 
most  disagreeable,  he,  with  the  greatest 
coolness  imaginable,  ran  the  vessel  slap 
into  the  mud,  and  had  recourste  to  his 
pipe,  which  he  enjoyed  with  admirable 
Hmg'/Md  amidst  the  execrations  of  the 
6 


.     c# 


parrr.    Pkcare  to  yowadf  a  party 
'  lyiag  oa  a  mad-bank  for  four 
aftd  peh^  by  every  vrave,  dripping 
.  aBfl  half  of  tbea  sack  with  the  work- 
cf:aeT<9Kl.    Tkis,  however,  was  oar 
:be    wind    increasiBg    etcry 
tili  the  risa^  of  the  tide  floated 
_   aad  t:»k  us  into  the  town.    Hariag 
paii  o«r  lespcils  to  the  governor,  ana 
shown  ow  passports,  he  ordered  a  mr* 
fmt  it  rwrfnaasaee  to  attend  ns  rooad 
the  vccks ;  and  now  I  ahaU  proeeed  to 
give  Tja  a  »ost  vinate  detail  of  the  ferCi- 
fteatKM  of  the  plaee,  as  well  aa  the  works 
CTCcxed  by  the  Preach.     1  see  yon  look 
grave,  as  well  voa  may  from  snch  a  thfcat; 
bat  cheer  np.'l  soorm  to  take  the  advm- 
tage  cbanae  has  given  lae  over  yon,  aad 
ti««efore  will  only  tay  that,  aeooeding  to 
the  opLsi^a  of  Cokmel  Moncriei;  oar  eogi- 
accr.  vko  was  of  the  party,  had  the  pUa 
of  attack  been  different,  the  place  ii  ia 
itself  by  no  mcais  taspregnablc.     By  the 
tiaac  we  hid  seen  the  vrorks,  and  eaten  the 
coM  meat  vre  had  with  as,  it  blew  fcry 
hard :  and  vhen  vc  tbooght  of  oar  ra- 
t um,  no  argament — not  even  gold — ooaU 
tempt  a  sii^le  Datchmaa  to  t^  as  aeroa 
the  river:   for  finding  the  wind  straog 
arainst  ns,  we  had  resolved  to  retara  by 
land  across  the  island  of  i»pryen.    Aftsr 
manv  fraitless  attrmpU,  we  began  to  thiak 
of  lodging  for  the  aight.     Beds  sceaaed  to 
be  quite  oat  of  the  qoestion,  anJ  a  ftrande 
was  all  vre  expected ;  but  even  befo  «e 
were  disappointed,  for  the  master  of  the 
inn  gave  us  to  understand  that  he  always 
obliged  everybo-Iy  in  his  house  to  go  to 
bed  at  twelve  ;  and  as  there  were  no  beds, 
he  expected  us  to  walk  into  the  street  at 
that  hour.     Our  remonstrances  were  all 
in  vain  ;  and  it  was  not  until  we  obtained 
a  positive  order  from  the  governor  that  we 
had  the  landlord*s  permission  to  sleep^  oa 
the  floor  of  a  room,  which  was  at  that  tisse 
occupied  by  a  couple  of  score  of  Dntch* 
men,  supping,  smoking,  spitting,  &c.,  &e.; 
but  we  were  informed  that  at  midnight 
they  would  retire.    They  did  ao,  and  «• 
were  »bowo  into  our  apartment.     A  litde 
straw?  Nay.  A  pillow  ?  Nay.  A  blanket? 
Nay,  nay.     However,  down  we  lay,  with 
a  promise  from  the  skipper  that,  at  sia  In 
the  morning,  be  wou'd  take  us  over  tht 
ferry.     .\t  six  we  paid  onr  bill  (and  by  tht 
price  we  paid  for  sleeping  on  the  floor,  Ibr 
my  own  part,  I  was  glad  it  waa  not  hi  a 
bed,    which,   if   charged   in  piougrtJani 
would  have  amounted  to  a  eoMMamhi^ 
sum),  and  assembled  once  mom  or 
quay.     In  about  an  hour,  the  bmw' 
was  to  carry  us  over,  and  the  ■■ 
were  ready.    This  hoar's  deinf  InH 
siderably  lowered  the  watery 
month  of  the  canal— i 


1853,]      Catnpatgtu  of  1793— 1795  in  Flandert  and  ffaiiand.      478 

into  ■  bank  of  mud.  We  knew,  rrom  peared  to  tejsn  nmongst  them.  Tbey  wen 
cxperienoe,  tbere  wu  no  remedj  but  pacticuUrlr  gralifled  by  findini;  imongit 
pitiDnco;  but  we  hail  the  good  fortuue  the  efficerstoniewlio  were  acqiuintcd  »)Ib 
their  famiUea  in  Eaglind.  Besidoi  the 
nuQS,  about  fiie-and-thirtj  in  iminber. 
tbrre  ntre  about  twcoLy  peasiniiaures, 
who  were  all  preaeoted  to  the  Duke  by  th« 
Lady  Abbes);  gome  of  tlieie  were  tba 
cliildrcQ  of  dUtreused  Frebch  familiM, 
others  young  ladies  irha  were  receiTiD{ 
tbeir  education  aa  dedii-pEiwionnairea ; 
amoagit  Iba  laltfr  were  loiiie  very  fine, 
agreeable  young  women.  After  ttajfng  J 
'  of  an  hour  we  took  leave  of  oiu 
itrjnomen,   and  I  da  aaiare  yol 

,  ens  on  our  an-iial  at  tbe  outei 

nritlidraw  bis  troopg  front  HolUnd;  grille,  and  the  reflection  that  it  ma  m 
to  eTacuule  AnLvrerp ;  t<>  retreat  fruiD  barrier  Ibey  were  nerer  more  to  paai, 
Btu&sela :  and.  Gaalty,  to  eoter  into  a     joined  to  the  fervour  with  wbieh  they  ■•- 

COnvemioD  with  the  Prince  of  Cobourg,  < 

hy  which  he  woa  nllowed  to  retreat 

within  the  territories  of  the  French     ",'.^_'1','_°!"A' 

republic,  npon  the  undcrstanditig  tbst, 

diaguated  with  the  state  of  things  in 

Paris,  he  was  about  to  leitd  hi 

Hia  scheme  failed,  as  we  all  know ; 
~n  this  tray  the  French  lost  all  thej 
bad  iNmcd  itt  the  Inst  camnniga,  nnd 


remalaed  till  two  iu  tbe  afternooa,  when 
we  crossed  the  ferry,  and  hired  a  waggon, 
which  we  used  by  turns,  for  it  wouU  only 
carry  half  of  us,  and  arnved  here  at  aigbt; 
and  thus  ended  our  |>arty  nf  pleaaare. 

But  other  work  was  soon  to  be  in 
band.     The  Austrians   attacked   Du- 
mouriez  vigorously  and  successfully  in 
Flanders.     So  great  were  the  losses  of     ^'i^jj 
his  urmy  in   a  succession  of  engage-     fair  cou 


kindne 


1  Ghent,  I  should  certainly  knock 
ir  door,  wbich  they  promiiod  should 
the  British  troops  enjoyed  the  eijal  of    •«  any  time  be  opened  lo  me.  The  Ahbesi 
-  triumphnnt  march  through  Flanders,     requested  tbe  Duke's  interrerenoe  with  the 
f".  following  is  an  example  of  the     ,^"''".'''  '^  "'■/^"*''™'"",°' ^'' "' 


...  _.i  example  of  the 

kind  of  gay  reporU  which  the  young  "■*  P/i-J^P*  "f  'he  couTBut,  wh 
guardsman  was  at  this  time  able  to  PI^L'^'^^^/^'^.^L^lIT™;"!  " 
send  home 


The  furlher  ne  get  from  Holland  (tbe 
dBfence  uf  whioh  country  is  Ihe  principal 
object  uf  our  expedition)  tlie  more  we  are 
welcomed,  and  the  more  alacrity  wn  dis- 
coTer  io  procaring  us  erery  accommoda- 
tion. At  Ghent  almost  the  whole  town 
were  ready  to  receive  us  into  tbcir  hnuies, 
and  our  men  paid  for  nothing  ;  there  was 
a  ball  each  nigbt  wo  mmained  there,  at 
ODB  cf  which  the  inhabitants  were  much 
gfitlfied  hy  tbe  appearance  of  the  Duke  of 
York.  By-tbC'bye,  1  must  give  you  an 
instance  of  liii  candeaceaiion  and  good 
humonr.  I  wan  walking  wilh  nuothrr 
officer  the  day  we  passed  at  Ghent,  and 
was  slopped  by  a  man.  wbo  informed  us 
that  the  nuns  of  the  English  convent  bad 
the  greatest  detire  to  tee  the  Duke.  On 
OBrconveying  this  intelligence  to  hii  Royal 
Highness,  be  immadiately  went  to  tbe  don. 
Toit,  attended  by  nearly  twenty  officers  : 
you  can  have  nn  idea  of  tlie  aatiafaction 


permission  to  the  pensionn 
Ibe  parade  in  the  evening,  wnere  Becom- 
ingly they  all  were,  and  I  dare  say  will 
never  forget  Ibe  attention  of  the  Duke  to 
tbem.  The  nnns  could  not  help  exprasa- 
ing  a  wish  that  it  was  possible  for  them 
likewise  lo  see  tbe  Britiah  troops,  but  that 
was  cjuite  out  of  tbe  question. 

Ghent  ii  the  town  wbicb  gave  riae  to 
the  threatening  boD  mot  of  Cliartea  V.: 
"  Je  metlrai  Parii  dana  mon  Gand;"  but 
his  poor  GbenI,  or  Ghand,  ia  not  much 
Increased  since  that  time,  and  Paris  is  per- 
haps Bve  times  tbe  siie.  I  should  not  bava 
disliked   remaining  a  few  days  longer  at 


Ghent 


inch  beaulifnl  statuary ;  fan 
yealrrday  morulug  we  arrived  at  tliia  plaoi 
[Bruges]   by  means   of  the  csnal,   down 
which  wc  were  drawn  hy  horses.     We  ar- 
rived in  the  evening.     The  lawn  was  im- 
mediately illuminated,  and  bells  ringiog, 
and    crackers,    squibs,    and   bnnaa    froa 
every  quarter  announced  the  joy  the  peo-    i 
nle  M[>erienced  in   receiving  a  garrison  of   ] 
th  toldien.     I  have  not  been  loof    [ 
■■•re  to  give  yon  any  account  of 
I   na   myself  quartered  in  ■ 
■"  treated  with  grest  civi- 
•icateit  difficulty  in 


474        (\impiiii^ns  of  \79S — 179.*  in  Flnnder*  and  HoUanH.     3^'^"^' 


the  worU?  in  v\. '.i*  -ij  ir\*i!f  from  hrrak-  over  hi-rc  to  turam?n  :he  "iw^.     Ftmal 

f:i*ir.ij:.     il.niiij,    .i::  i    -••.'.jmii::    with    the  .inswered  tlial  he   nia*t  coQ*alT  :h:^  n:i*.;- 

tVmilx  \\\r:x  wi«  ivsi'.  in  K.i-.-.     M.  (lOut-  ripn!ity.     It  i*  now  bti'-ceea  fvir  lai  ±t». 

lu»n  i-«T  ?'.'  -CI  .  "'ii-  I"..  'Iviiunt  :i  Urii\-  I   ?hnll  w.'»:t  hi?   trun-p-r?.  "»s::r:  b*  ^r:- 

tII-'«.  .'^  il  tii!  *.i  .•  «n:-  «•  -ir^  *iMiij«l;iiif'n!i.  inisrd  to  send,  till  nizh''.  ani   I    t"r*rj 

.M:uhnii*   -'h  •";»  'r.-r  «.  "it  .1  i  «->inciit  il  T  Iiave  an  agreeable  po*f4cript  ro  liid  t-:  :i;i 

Ji  ii:\   in.i:*.  ft  I'lrv.l  !«■  It  f  Mir  ili*  Moil*-  scrawl,  which  IS  written  with  TierTt-ii  Lscii 

<.ii*iir  r.'  >  lir :  in  .i"i".i ;  »i«r  •  !lf  roinlr.iit  at  the  adrance  I  post  at  Mon:  dWarais. 

bit  n    iiiii    t.  11!.-    M  j'.'Mtr-.*,'  p "".ihle  nu  Ufimmber  me  k:ndlr  ir>  nil  at  OxIiit. 
I'lp".*  i=;i-.     Mi.liti»r  , «?  .vi'i.vri'i-.  iime  F.S. — The  Duke  ha.*  just  *eQt  la*  vori 

hfiuiMiip  1i^  iift-iir^  1:  11.^  i!o.  i-'t>>t-.(-dir(>  that   Mnycntv  is    tJkkeD.      I    hope  I  fhili 

ih' Il  \:i  i',:i<  .■  mu  ;    pirir   *».-m.-.Mip:   mnl-  have  an  opportunity  of  givisir  lii:?  it»a 

hcMntiv  m»Mi?  i  :,•  \\\  "X  ]».:n!  !m  Pc.  to  the  (iuviTiior  of  VdleQcicnae*  rh:*;;-:!- 

FraiHi'    s,.,riu'il     n.-iv    op.  :i    !■»    llio  '"J^"     -^"'*^»; 

u-  II  I   <  .  .1        I   .     .11   :  _  Head  Quarter.-.     >'.ao  :  ..•. -ck. 

,       ,',  .  .    ,  ■  .  I  he  ifirru»f»n  have  demm^Ied  a  ce-faaon 

•l.'.l.;,-.-!    Ml    :.    pnuMMMf   11    Mi.it    hi'         .I„lv2''.-The  lUAt    niKht.    his    RotiI 

-h..u|.l  !■  .ll.my  l-ii'u.lipl.ir.'Ou-uii.Jit  n.^hm-r^i  sent  me  «itii   Urt|i«i,'ht:-».  con- 

Ijkr  p..«    ■-.••.11  nt  .1-  ;i  >;ii  r.  .1  -t-  j"'»''il  ;  uinini;  iiivuuiitA  of  this  important  eveai. 

wlhii    MuMi.Mnl.'/    I'.iil.' !,    tIi-'    IVimv  t»  thi*  Kins.  Royal  Family,  and  the  M:Di«- 

<*|j:in::»-.l  lii^  J. ill  '.  rr\iiki-.l  Ir-*  pru -I;!-  IiM".     In  \\\v  itiulit  of  the  3'»th  I  arriTed 

iiiitioi!.    ;ti  •!   :iiiiM>ii:ii-t  I  1ii<   iiili  Mtioii  in  L  Miiloii,  and  the  next  inorninf  bad  the 

til   {-•.i-ri-'i!-  t!f  n.ir  M  <tii  ilif  uiiii>>«t  'ii«<'>:>Mir  iif  tlolivtniiijf  his  R>j\al  lli§hce«i*fl 

vi,'..nr,   :i„.l    .1"  .our-.'    k.-.-p  w\u\X   In-  di'>p.itihfS  t.»  hi*  Majesty  at  Kew.     1  wai 

OiMiM  r..ii.,iu'r.      In    .-..i.tunuitv   wirh  '^"  !*»''  oivasion  promoted  to  the  rank  of 

thv  r.?i^li>h  ami  II;Mii.v.'n.MH  w,Mv  «li-  '*'  *'i»*  J»J*»»?^'  ^''O    l»a*^    now   made 

nvi.Ml  I.,  lirlv  !h  ■  l-'n-m-li  \r^^\\\  Kiniar-,  11'""^  t^»^*>>'  lo-iiin;;  on  tlio  soil  of  France, 

:i   ^troiii;   pn>Iii.);i  ninli-r  ih,-  w:ill*  lI"  !>;i'l  uinMu''!  at  oiico  upon  the  capital, 

Vahu.i.rni.-..  aWcy  wlilili   th.v   wimv  tlu>  hl-^tory  ol'  Kuri>i>o  wouM  [iroUbly 

tn  pni«-"i-.|  (i,  liiv.-t  tli.it  l«n]i.ii  t-nit  :i?iil  *»-iv«'  Ikvii  uiiiiri'lv  altoroil.     But  events 

wi-li-lMrhiir,!  ritv.     Vtiri-t  -h.irjialV.iir  tuo  hvnuont  in  tliooourso  ol*  successful 

ol*niitp..>t-.  th."  i'riiuh  al'aM.l.Hh'.l  Ka-  i«Miiliinaii.»ns --mutual  ilistrust  and  the 

nnr-.  jui-l  lit-  Duk."  .'t'  WnV  m-i  il.wn  l'iir<nit  uip.irlia! objects— ousulhI.  Va- 

iH-ii-n-    \'.ili-rii'i<'iin.'-.      I'ii.'    ii:irra'ivc  Ii-nii«  ii;ic>  an-.l  C\m«K'  wi.'iv  taken  pos- 

<.!  1;-  -I.'j.' :iii.l  (.Mptiirr  i:i\\!i  !  v  l';i]»-  »'s>Ii»n  .if  li.r  Austria;    Lc   (iuesnoy 

tain  Cih,!-:  i^  in!-.  i\-itii"-. -»'^-  't  i-«-«'l  ^^''.'^  lv-ii\uo*l  !i«r  the  airj^rnmilizenieiit 

rMiNinii.-.t'...n  wit'i  ih-'  pi. in  i»!  lit..'  -I.-l'c  <'rilu-  .--njiiJ'  p.iwer:   IVUv-i-^ia  wa.-i  alien- 

;:ivi  n  iiv  ("iijii  I'M  .lull'-  in  \\U  .l.>urnal  :Jt««l,  miil  l-oiran  to  look  toward.^  Puland 

•  it    ?liI-'(   iiiij.:ii-_M:  pnl-li-Iii'il   in    17if7,  ■'>   -i  tii-M  in  which  .*ihc  was   likely  to 

will    I.'   fniii.j    v.iv    iM  iiip!«  •■•.       Til.'  "I'l.iin  v-ouniorbalancin^  ac«iuisitionsof 

loll'iwiii-^  W.I-  f'l  ■  ii-iilr  :-  iiiriiury ;  ami  Cireat  liritaiii,  with  the 

,  ,     ,.  ,  >anic  ><-!li*<h  ixilicy,  ilireeteil  the  Duke 

I  I  ...     V.  1    .;       .    ,  n"-   *"■..;  I"  .  ^'»'  '^"^"■^'  <"  lav  siege  U^  the  maritime 

1  li.'iv.'   luilv  iiiiii-   III  111!   Miu   tint  l.i«>t  .  ..   IV      r-  I    ^   I      ^1 

nii^ht  iiM-  ,n..,M..  ..f  nM,.pn.:i.Mi  vu.v  tlud  V^^»  ''^  Dunkirk.     In  the  mean  time 

ut  nnii-  ...:.,.:,  ;  ,..  ....Ml  n..  rluir  ,  ifo-ts  1' »■•«"•'••  was  rou.Miij:  iiersclt  to  exertions 

hii.l  .■.MMil,  tin- tii..'p<>i..n.uJ.iii.ioiiriid  :»l J '•;:«'« l»iT  unparallelcvl.      I'lio  genius 

thr  roxcMil  w.iy  .'ulI  fju-  ]i..n.v  .ik,  w lure  *d'  ('arm>l  animated  ami  tlireotcil  the 

thi'v  i-.-t.-iiiii^i,,  .1  tii.ui.-rlvi>,  ami  liy  hnik  rcvolutiiuiaiy/Mrnr.   Armies  numerous 

of  d  ly  wrii'  «:..mpk't«  ly  f  »vi  i .  .1.  lu'voinl  anv  that  had  over  before  been 

Our  Im.s  1-  ri.i.ili.     i  ;ii.i  M.rr\  to  say  rai-.-d  in  I'Vaiicc  poured  to  the  fron- 

Kii-iLii  T..li.  .1.  u  l.r    ,  .;.  .11  l.:i.ly  llnd;;.!)  (ieis.     Thoy  wcrc  |H»orly  equipped  in 

i-   U1..I.  au.l   Li.ui.n.iit    I>M|r.  ..t   tin-  tho^.- tbinj;  which  conr^titute  the  Oi>m- 

d:nm'.  MHMly.  n,  vsl.i.h  v.m  uill  inf  .nn  the  l''"""'  lit'TaHv,  it  IS  s.l.l.  ..,,»*  CH&lltei; 

(iiLM-toii..      Thr  ..l,ovr  i.  I.it.  s  to  our  at-  '"'^  ""V'"  T^'^^'  "»^'"    l""*^*  thoPWIgUf 

la.k.     The  .\ii.iii.,n,  .„>  mil-  iM.t  urro  dftcniiitn'il,  not  merely  to  sheller  »* 

i:'||^.lIv-1llf;»:.,^l^||.  At  .|.i\I.MMk  lin-  Duke,  <-M|)ilal  with  tlioir  bodies  l^Ut  to  * 

Hit!.  11..;  Ji.,pi.  r,r  ...Hviii..'  t|j..  iiilialiit.in'."*  th.t  invader^  troin  their  9oiL  •" 

ami     thrir    n-n  uMin-.     pi-.pirty,    ami    of  Vcii^'C   th..'    iiisult- 

hpjiriii-  luiihiT  (jluhiun  ol  Mu-mI,  stm  me  received  tliruugt 


1853.]     CampaigHi  of  179^— imin  Fimdert  and  Holland.     47fi  | 

mourii-'z.  Several  montiu  of  hknl 
fixh^ti);  ennied,  with  varioua  suvueis. 
Th«  Englisb  wens  repulwd  itt  Dunkirk 
— altogether,  it  would  aeetn,  frora  inis- 
mntiiigeuieDtBthomo;  butVatencienDES 
ttill  remuned  in  tbe  possesion  of  Aui- 
trii,  and,  when  the  campaign  closed 
and  Iho  Iroapa  wont  into  winter  qunr- 
tcre,  tlie  iiuarters  of  the  nljiea  were 
partly  wilhi[i  the  territorf  of  France, 
anil  partly  watlered  about  araongst 
the  border  fortreseca.  The  feellnf^  of 
tbe  French  people  luit;  be  inferred 
front  the  foUowingi 
of  Miuor  Cal--i*- 
19,  1793: 

Tbe  people  of  Lille  are  io  want  of  eierr 
aort  of  comfort  and  ceceHmry,  particularly 
'     •    -  '  -    ■      The  ducoi-    ■  ' 


certuntf  more  numerous,  bnt  lets  dli-   I 
ciplined,  and  in  eren'thing,  except  ilt 
national  spirit,  leas  eSective,    Fiohegm 
held  the  rommiLad  in  chief. 

The  plan  of  tbe  enmpnign  on  the  lids 
of  tbe  oiliea  was  that  of  reatuning  their 
leianrelj  advance  upon  Paris.  Tlia 
British  moved  forwnnls  to  St.  Amand, 
and  thence  to  Landrecy.  whieh  Ih^ 
besi^ed  ami  Look.  There  is  a  usefiu 
map  of  (he  operations  before  Land recy 
in  Captain  Jones's  volume  before  re- 
ferred to;  and  Alojor,  now  Colonel, 
extract  from  alotter  Calvert  rehites  in  connecttoo  with  them 
dated  Noiemljer     the  following  noticeable  mot: — 

Since  lianday,  the  eD«ny  have  fired 
itTj  little,  whicli  gaie  occuion  to  a  tv* 
noi  of  the  Auitrtao  eogincer  Orlaadini. 
A  stupid  DuCsb   Major,  who   bad  been 


height  as  to  pvc  contiderable     boring  him  for  a 


alarm  to  tbe  CoDienlion,  and  twelve  de- 
puliei  have  arrived  to  endeavour  to  ap- 
peeie  the  miaJs  cf  the  people.  However 
great  their  diiBeasioas  may  be,  hanevcr 
advene  their  political  apinioni,  Ibere  i> 
one  inhject  on  which,  l(  «e  msy  jud^ 
from  experience,  the  iulubitanta  of  this 
northern  frontier  unite,  that  ii,  in  ■  pre- 
dilection for  a  republican  form  of  govem- 
'  a  determiiitlioD  to  resist,  la  the 


isidcrablo  time,  at  laat 


ohierved ;  '"  On  est  i 

traDchJM,  mon   Colonel."     "  Oh,   poor 

cela,"  replied  Orlaodini,   -'on  ae  meBrt 

The  leading  fault  of  the  olliea — that    . 
of  all  weak  generals — waa  the  too  great 
extension  or  their  line.     At  the  verj 
time  when  Landrccy  was  about  to  aur^ 

^ render,  the  Frtjnch  dashed  down  upon 

ntmost  of  their  porer,  the  attempts  of  tiie  Clwrfayl,  and  lolally  defeated  him. 
allka  on  Iheir  territoiy.  1  very  mitcb  Alenin  and  Courtray  fell  in  conae- 
doubt  whether  tbe  (areign  war  does  not     mience.     Elated  by  their  nieceaa,  the 


furnish  them  with  the  only  b 


French  harassed  the  British  with  altuoet 


gtsdiy  hn*. 


they  have  left ;  and  whether,  if  the  dread  Jaijy  attacks ;  but  tbey  not  only  stood 

"'  ■'«  external  enemy  were  removed,  they  their  ground  mo«  manfully,  but  even 

id  not  now  be  cutting  one  another,  jigtinSuUhed    ihi-mselva.    in    a   way 

«(..  and  nerbsns  m  =  ^'"y^'J-^'j*  ^^^  which  ought  for  over  to  redeem  them 

rfgoVemmrnlinprefetencetothesn.rchy  from  the  discredit  of  .ulwequent  dii. 

which  exists  .[  present-probiibly,  to  the  «»'«'■»■     ThsJr  first  grent  failure  waa 

*.ry  »T««m  of  government  which  is  now  on  the  18th  May.    They  were  ordered 

the  ohject  of  their  detestation :  but  I  am  to  drjve  Ibe  enemy  out  of  their  m- 

fstllBK  quite  out  of  my  alemcnl,  and  am  trencbments  at  Monvaux.     The  Duke 

deviating  from  tbe  good  old  proverb,  "  ■  of  York  represented  the  impoiaibility 

cobbler  to  bis  Isst."  of  mointaintng  the  suggested  pofitiou, 

The  evcoU  of  the  autumn  of  171)9  without  neater  support  from  the  Aus- 

rendered  the  Uritish  troops  practised  trians.    The  Kniperor,  wbowas  at  that 

and  raost  effective   soldiers.     At  tbe  time  playing  liie  part  of  commander- 

commencement  of  1794  their  numbers  in-chief,  r^terated  his  command  j  and 

were  recruited,  and  they  were  oil  in  thu  Doko  of  York,  with  a  heavy  heart, 

high  spirits,  longing  to  be  led  forward,  orderetl  tbe  troom  to  advance.     They 

•nd  cottEdenl,  from  their  uniform  auu-  did  so,  and  took  the  p'ace  by  stonn. 

oewi  in  anything  like  an  equal  en-  This  was  on  the  17th.    The  next  mom* 

counter,  thai,  if  prupuriy  direuted  and  iug  tbe  enemy  oame  upon  them  m 

duWtiip(Kirl«d  by  the  allien,  ihey  could  afler   day-break.      A   smnll   body  of  j 

-'■  "nvlhing.     Ai  thu  opening  Auslrlans  who  were  with  them  fOOH    ' 

"   -■  '  gateway;  the  whole  brunt  fell  upon 

the  British,  who  were  compelled  (o  • 
very  disorderiy  retreat,  with  a  heavy 
loss  of  men  and  guns,  and  with  their 
"indijpiatiou  excited"  to  the  higtieH 


■ITli        C*tmpai:;n*  «r' 1 7 MS— 1795  i/i  Finnder*  and  Holland.     [Not. 

pitcij  at  "ih  .•■'*?:■  11. u'v.i;:iior.ir.co.jnil  di«{>irited  by  a  l-mj:  retreat.     Tbea. 

jrii."*  <>r  ih  -f  who  iuii  ihe  liireciion  tco,  they  ha-i  tbc  actiro  c«»-operation 

of  •'....■  w.i'.-.     ■•  Xi.  iL-ilvl  it'S."  re-  ul*  the  « ther  alii  V*  on  the  tlauk  and  rear 

mark-  C  !.i.-  *.  Ci^ort,  "w.is  cvcr  ii:.*'re  of  iLe  French  anny  :  now.  deserted  pt 

jiui  I.'  i*  :  '  i....!-.c  Li*  e?c.ij-e  than  w.*  ihiir  .illi^».  it  r.-tel  with  the  British 

wi-r'.".l:!nj.i:  r-K.. -::-Ar".\ -■.ir-.Mur.'.itl."  uK-:^*:  to  ?iom  the  torrent  of  the  ad- 

Fr-  ii  I;;"-,  tiriij  ti.c  i.iLV  "f  adi'.iirs  ranchij  enemy.     As  to  the  Dutch,  it 

wj?  o:^:i.j.l..'*vly  ;i!!orv'i.     TLo  French  wa*  obviou*  that  no  reliance  could  be 

pri;?-.  1   '. ri-varl-  %■•.!;  w..'.l-c-i.tiriUv:  I  pbc^:'!  ujor.  thoai. 

ercr.'T.     Ti;.  A-.;-::;^:'.  j.i:er:i>,  i  Ara-  Th.  <urrt-i:  i«.r  ot  Valenciennes  and 

n-."!:ir.  I   ■.■*■■  :.  ..:t.  :. -.  ,.::.ci  :■' i  >s.'  C:  ;■.    t*  :i-.:!-.-ud    ih?    evacuation  of 

ali  ;    -Tv:-  ■  :  *..  :iu  ii.v  i  .i  ::  :..     UzTr^  F'.a:;  i^rs  '■  y  th-.-  Au-trian5,  and  Icik  the 

an  1  tLv.'c  ;t!:v:i.j:-  w  re  i..-  io  :•■  *:c!ii  F.-.::*.h  -t  l:*  vr!y  :..ii.ivir.oe:n  fullforce 

th-    *urj::.2    :  rri.:.:    wa;.  \    F.-.i:..e  :^  .:r>;  ;'..?  Briil-h.  which  th?T  imme- 

f«*u.-.j :  vvvr  iLj -i-.-v  v.- :  l.ii. :.  ■■u:  rhy  «:i.i:.>    .1".  I.      A:    parous    successive 

wtrv  i.i-.  :    • ::    1  . :.  i  ]    r\  ...  ..:.  i  i:i  j.  ;:...-  :1,;  Kr!::?::  r-^iio  a  ^:and:  but 

ir.v  ■.:.  i  v,,.r.  ■  :.-.">  -ir.?  :■  v •'•:■-•!.  i  v  ;::«■■.-.  t-rc-i  ry  r.i;ail<r« — the  French 

\r.  ::.:  ■?  -.  r"  .:%t.    ■*:.:-s  t".  1 1..  ..:;•-<.:   :>  :h:m  r.'.w  amounting!  to 

%tr-.  r:  •;.  •  4:.  J  .!•!  IT.M    ic  :.»»«  I  >*.  *»i'.'.""  :i.er. — '.Lct  Wire  comp*.ilcti  to 

»:■      .-^f.- r..-   \  f.  :.  M»:...;-n  --.  o-  r^.:.--.  ■:   :r.r.*  ".l. ."  S.  f>:I  it   i.^   the  Aa. 

cc..-*.    1 .  ;•-  'J.   <  »<:  3.  -  i: : . .    <i  ■  -.r.-.  -  r.  r-v  !  .  _:a"::.  : ^  :r  -?  M-iu**?  at  <irave.  to 

•r.  r:     ^  -:.-.::.,-    ..T..ti:    \  ^^     .  l:.*?.  :■..   w^J,   -   N^-  j*:-:-,  ar.i  t^  the 

^r'-  :-„-^'-  ^■--•-  '^■*-:-   1:-^^*  V.-.:..:Ar:.L:i:A.  Th^r^.  wi:h  detach- 

L-  ^-  ^-  XV  ..: .  »  :.  :...;   .  :^  -    ..  "  ;    •  •-  I^r::>-  :r>::s  c^scok  them- 

•-,— ,-^      V.  ~ -.  ■    .•  -  .-.  -  .        ......  >t.v.-.  ^j  '...'IT  rszr<^,^.  Lcto  winter 


,■:  ■::-:r<  ;  ir.  :.  .v.:::  j  :".  ira:  suiposi- 


!s-.~-.  ■:■'.:.  i   :  ::-.i,i      i.-:  x-k:.     <3  ''  '^    ~  ''^"  -  -  i  D-->.r-:er  :be  l!)nke 

L  \r;  :  -  •!--  -J  :  r-i--.:.  js*:!--:.  'hi:  :"  V  "k  "..-■:  :"-■:..■.  :  r  Er^Iac  !.  intend- 

1  :».'-*•..•  .     :     ■  :r-:- r '.h-   .  :i  -r.  -  ::  j  ":     .-.■^-.  '-•.:  re  :""e  ■;*:::  r.g  of  the 

':r:s:i  .-:-■.--...::.:.;-  rr.  :    x:         -    \-     C  ur:^\  ll:i:oJen t'.ok 

*   ■   .•.-■■'  -   ■-■^■7   •-   ■  '    "-  7-    — *•  '.-•;   .  i.-ua:.-    :.  :.":e  itscnre  ct   toe 

n-    --.':•--■   ■      -- 


A:  :  L  ■*  :    --,  .  v. :  r- :*:  ij^nsmg 


:i*  =7t-'.i    ;  r       -  .-  ■-- N-.-..  r'.i- :-.  !_.  r  t^-^    .  H.    -r. :  w^r^:  rr.r^n hard 

»-.:  ::.:i:  -  -  ■•  I  •     :    ■  :--*^  -.-iTr.ia  ."■    -^:-  "."  ■•- -r  •.l-e  .r---  >  j    :f  :7^>op« 

^...  .-i-i-.  ■     •  7  ;:..-^  :■  .\-?:~i    1  1    1   •       Ti  -  -r'.    -:   ir:..-trr.     The 

f.i".:-!-;-     :      :     -4       7   ■      17    >:  -;  ■*.:..«'-.  .iV  .":•::  :'  :;■»  French. 

y-f^-r.-:i;  _  -  .-..-.    z'.^.   -iM  .:■-::  ■  •-  I'-    •  ▼..-«.    -    '.  -.  i ".  i  r:  ■  rv.-*cs.  whfch 

—  --—?•-.    f       -.    .-..1....1.     .i  ■     -           '.'^  .'-i   '..L'    'CT  r,it^iral 


•u»  r  .  • ..  .     _  . 


7  :  ■        ..■■.:  v  -7*.  ::i-r-::-:  sh-el- 


-   '      >■     '.••:">.  wi<  :he 
■    *    '  .V  .  ■  ..!:-i  ::  :ar- 


!.;■:    -7" —  ■  ■?   H.L  7  :▼ 


.;  •  •  -  « 

.■•••->  .   .  ■       ■       :         ---f'Ti 


I85a.] 


Corrtipondeftee  of  Syleanut  Urban. 


47? 


It  VD9  n  mirch  of  Tearfut  suSoring,  aud  coinmand  of  the  33rd,  »iui  tha  late 

ooi  alUTiaied  bj  iny  friendljt  ijmiiolb  j  or  Duke  of  Wellington.     The  Editor  in- 

■id  Irom   those  whose  coontrj   we   hod  forms  US  In  B  previous  page  that  he  wflg 

.ooKht  to  defend.     The  Duteb  peaB.oLry  ia\A  by  his  father,  that  he  rode  up  and 

inh>b.tiDe  tbo»  dreary  «nd  ml>o»p>t.blc  delivered  to  the  Duke,  then  Lieut.- 

provlnce. -eretnemies  more  crueltn  our  ^  ,       ,  ^y    ,        ;     command  of  the 

Bibauited   aoldifn    than    the  viotonous  „ .,  j  i  ■    ' "  "^J«  '"  "-""■"J"""  "'   "*= 

Fr.nch  Mfflj  «bo  b.n.»ed  and  paniued  3Jrd,  h.a  orders  the  first  ti—  »• ' 


It  tbe  ] 


It  teatilied  to  llie 
well  aa  the  courage 
saea  vcre  GOmmitted 


mirable  diicipti 
of  the  Britith. 
by  M>me  roreiKD  bitlaliaDB  in  Britiah  pa;, 
whicb  brought  ns  some  nndewrved  dis- 
credit, and  by  tbe  French  emigtunla  who 

accompanied .     ■. ..  — 

own  regime  ' 


irhich  the  Editor  believei  to 
have  been  on  the  occnaion  of  b  night 
attack  \iy  the  enemy  on  tbe  Duke'a 
outpost  at  Boxtel. 

Our  extracts  sufficiently  prove  the 
nature  of  this  book.  As  Ajde-de-camp 
the   Conunander-in-ehicf,   Colonel 


ipline     Calvert  had  eminent  facilities  for  ob- 
uuhaken  by  reverw,  and  the  reargH.rd     nervation  and  knowle.Ige,  and  what  ho 

mi  often  formed  by  the  33rd  Reeiment,     i ■     : ,_,i   -     r  -i .    r I 

..d.r  .b.  »m„..d  or  C.lo.d  WmU,:     '"•"  '"  ""P""«;  "   ■  P  •■«"'•  f""   ' 

-■■...'       andcasyway.     Ibe  result  is  certainly 

exculpatory  of  the  Duke  of  York,  and 

proves  tbe  entire   inaccuracy  of  the 

comments   of  Jouiioi,  and  the   other 

iters  who  haTs  taken  their  tone  from 


12,  the  main  body  of  tbe 
Brlllahariiiy  crosBcd  the  Ems  at  Rheine, 
and  resahed  Bremeo  on  March  'il  and  2B. 
On  April  10  they  embarked  for  England. 

The  Colimel  Wesley  who  is  men- 
tioned in  this  last  extract  as  being  in 


CORRESPONDENCE  OP  SYLVANUS  URBAN. 


CoQDieli'  Fosi  mi  Lanyen'  Bills— Sbops  In  V 
Rain  Dt  91.  lies— AoItiiiUtj  o 

CoUKgELS'  FeKS  , 

Mh-Uuban,— InaupportofF.  M.  N.' 


:  rctaiaiog  o 
Legal  Coantol,"  (Gent.  Mag.  July,  p.  3(i) 
I  send  yoa  some  few  lelectiona  ' 
MS.  ionrces.  1  am  not  ao-are  wt 
th*  legal  gentlemen  tbemielre 


MtmUuicr  HjiII— Tha  Family  of  PUppt-Ur.  Joha   ] 
the  mjiieMoui  nurd  "  WljoedlB." 

no  Lawtbbs'  BtLLS. 

VIII.,  and  dieda.p.  in  tbetwentj-eiKhth  I 


year  of  hit  fstber'a  reign. 
The  neit  bearer  of  the  title  naa  Lodo< 
k  Duke  of  Lenoi,  Ac.  in  the  reign  of 
betber  James  I.,  bnt  tbe  MS.  is  of  tbe  eariier 
a  well  period.  This  ia  coofirmed  by  one  of  tlie 
n  llieir  remu-  names,  "  Serjaunt  Fayrefsl: ''  being  among 
neratian  ;  but,  nu  doubt,  a  great  deal  of  the  liit  of  penona  giten  by  Dogdale  (Orig. 
evidence  might  be  collected,  the  compari-  Judic,  p.  114,  cap,  iliv.)  aa  those  who 
aon  of  whici  wonid  prcaent  lomo  corious  were  newly-madeserjeanta  in  Trinity  Terra, 
results  13  Hen.  VIII.  Henry  Duke  of  Richmond 

The  first  MS.  relates  to  tbe  counael  i>  said  to  faave  been  a  young  man  of  good 
regularly  retained  by  the  Dake  of  Rich-  acqniremenla  and  grenc  promise  |  and  ccr. 
mond.  It  ia  wiihont  date,  but  to  all  ap-  tainly  this  paper  abewa  that  bis  legal 
peirance  of  the  middle  of  the  lixteeatli  establisbment  was  on  a  very  exteniive 
century.  It  may  therefore  be  considered  scale,  and  very  liberally  paid  and  provided 
as  relating  to  the  estibtiibmcnt  of  Henry,  far.  Indeed  the  large  amount  of  the 
the  oataral  son  of  Henry  VIII,  by  Eliia.  ■'  naigej"  is  quite  remarkable ;  unleastbe 
beth  Blount,  who  was  created  Uuke  of  persons  so  paid  were  the  great  olBciali  of 
Richmond  and  Somerset  18  June,  II  Hen.  tbe  "Honor." 
The  yerely  CTeea  of  the  laits  Dnko  of  Richemondes  coansaill  with  the  allowance  of 

them  aelfea  and  there  servantei  joriog*  and  sitting  In  the  canie*  of  jutjec  I 
as  here  after  followith  : — 

TbenouilHrorperwnei.  Wa%ei.  SerraBMea. 

S*  William  Parre       ....        xivj"  liij*  Ulj'         iiij 
&•  WlUiam  Bulmer     ....       ixiiij"    vj>  viij'  Iiij 


478 


[Mar. 


■il 

■a 

nil 


S'  TkomM  T< 

S'  WilhuD  Evert 
The  DtAmt  of  York 
Mr.  Ma^a* 
Doctor  Tile 
Scri«aBt  Fajref&x 
Robart  Bowc* 

ErefT  of  thds  kaide  iiij*  bv  tie  daj  for  hj«  Kifr,  wmd  ziy*  far 
▼mtcs  in  the  tjB»e  of  }oi7ag  or  KtUag  in  tbt  CHMCi  of  joitvee. 

John  Ureiaile  .         .         .         .  z*  Q 

Water  Lake,  attomiy         .         .         .  x*  ^ 

Willsaa  BaptLorpc    '.         .         .         .  t*  ^ 

Erery  of  thtiM  badde  ij*  bj  the  dajc  for  kja  telle,  aad  xij^  for  erciy  of  tlMre  mi^ 
▼ttmtet. 

Erenr  of  tbeit  badd  lyreres  to  there  cbaBber  as  foIWvitk,  fynty  dMre  bvAiifait, 
one  loffr,  one  manrbet.  a  gallon  of  bere,  and  a  pece  of  be§e  ;  and  nt  Bygkt,  oan  kfl^ 
one  maacbet.  a  rallon  of  bere.  a  qnaite  of  vjbc,  di*  lb.  [balf  a  ponndj  of  vIuIb  lj|jbtBl» 
ij  sjnaes.*  and  iiij  falgottet. 

Among  tbe    mucellaneoat  papen  and  I  bave  Bade  a  few  eztract%  Waripg 

proceedings  of  tbe  Coort  of  Wards  and  tbe   smbfect.    IVe  scale  of  fees  is 

Livcrief.  there  are  nnmeroafl  ^bilb   of  raUj  bigbcr  tban   tbooe  itluipd  to  bj 

costs'*  and  otber  memoranda,  from  which  F.  M.  N. 

In  the  *'  bill  of  cottcs  and  charres  snsteyncd  by  Hnnfrey  Moomontb  ai  die  tnta^ 
John  Cljif^ri  and  Eiixabetb  bis  wife/*  anno  24  EiiL,  is  tbe  following  entry :— 

Item,  for  reteynyng  of  lemjd  coonsell,  that  is  to  saye,  iij  scfjeanntes  and  three 

prentesTs      .........       zz* 

This  occurs  for  six  consecntiTe  terms. 

In  a  long  bill  of  costs  in  a  snit  between  Henry  Lord  De  la  Warr,  pi*,  and  Ricbard 
Frncb,  &c  def^,  are  tbe  foUowing  items  to  wbicb  ezeepCioii  is  tak( 
the  biU  bcsag  tazed.     It  b  dated  1  Charles  I.^ 

Item,  for  the  foliciters  iEees  for  atteodinge  the  prowcation  of  the  cause  and 

great  paines  therin  .......         zl" 

(h  the  marym.)  Not  nsnaUy  aDowe-J.  (A  similar  entry,  with  tbe  timr  terst  of 
exception,  occurs  sereral  times.) 

Item,  for  a  mocioo  for  an  order  for  the  oommitsioa  to  examine  witnesses  zz* 

(/a  fie  marfte.)  This  either  was  or  might  have  beene  mored  by  y*  pi"  attorney,  aad, 
tboogh  by  coaooen,  a  leas  fee  nsoalL 

a  %  *  a  a  a  a 

Item,  for  a  mocion  for  pnbHcacion  and  an  order  tbcrenppon  of  31*  May  .    zziq' 

{h  tk»  fmarfm.)  This  saight  have  been  moved  by  y*  pi**  attorney  att  a  favr  km 
chardge. 

Item,  to  Mr.  Wansford  for  a  mocion  for  pubKeation 
{In  ih€  marym.)    This  ys  asoaUy  prayed  without  fee. 

•  a  a  a  a  ♦  • 

Item,  for  Mr.  Serjeante  Crewes  fees  for  the  daye  of  beareioge 
Item,  to  Mr.  Serjeante  Damport 
Item,  to  Mr.  Serjeante  Ashley 
It«m,  to  Mr.  Serjeant  Richardson 
Item,  to  Mr.  Wandisford 
Item,  to  Mr.  Mason 
{h  the  wunym.)     Larger  fees  than  nsnally  allowed. 

In  another  bill  of  the  thirteenth  year  due.**       The    whole    bill     aoMunted    to 

of  tbe  ftame  reign,  there  is  a  general  disal-  46/.  14*.  2d.,  and  the  plAiotifTs  attorney 

lowaoce  of  the  **  soUicitors  ffee"  of  6i.  Sd.  excepts  to  34/.  St.  of  that  sum. 

with  the  marginal  note   *'Noe  such  fee  Among  the  accounts  of  the  household 


zz* 


iig'* 

iiU» 

... .It 

my* 


»J 


tU 


*  t.  e.  sizes  ;  things  assessed  or  assised.     In  this  case  wa.T 
UalUweU,«.  a.   ^ 


*^    8m 


Con'ntpofuttnct  of  Syhaimi  Urban. 


ir  tb«  tol. 


1858.] 

eipeniei  of  Lord  Biyning 

"  JiDasrjr,  ISIiZ.  Paid  far  a  bason  and 
jtwTB  that  nia  given  to  S'  Waller  Pje, 
■od  Bbr  3  creauie  honle  candles ticliei  Ifaat 
trail  giien  to  S'  Robert  Naunlon,  a1!  bj 
mjUdjiM  order,  ffor  NeBYearesgiftei.lTor 
the  gieaCe  care  (hej  have  liad  nod  Uken 
for  ror  lorilcs  buiinot,  bought  b;  Mr. 
Vinor.  and  can  56/.  lU.." 

Sir  Robert  Nauaton  <ra>  the  Mnslcr 
or  the  Conrt  of  Warda,  and  Sir  Walter 
Fje  iU  Altorooj -General.  Great  pomp 
vu  then  diapUj'ed  in  the  Banning  honie- 
bold,  aud  ita  expenditare  «u  rerj  Urge 
in  CTerjr  way.    A  regular  "  couoacllor" 


But  tliia  handaome  ■'  gcneml  rFtai 
1TBC  not  nil ;    there  are  of  'tsional  etitritt  J 
like  the  following. 

"  December,  \6Vi.     Faia  1 1  Mr.  Chntsr  1 
the  connaellDr,  for  a  |rak,i>^Jon,  b;  oif  1 
lord's  order,  for  his  great  pnyoe 
eitrDordinarj   on     mj    lord 'a    businao, 
&c.  20/." 

In  Janaarr.  I634,  the  attorney  of  (hs 
Court  of  Wards  again  obtained  a  New 
Years'a  gift  in  the  ihape  of  "3  large 
'  mle  cindleatickea,  weighing  109 
ni.  13  dvta.'' for  "biTing  a  can:  to  tnj 
lordea  basines  :"  theae,  at  it.  td.  the  oa,, 
Lame  to  30/.  3i.  Id. 

In  the  two  following  entries,  in  anothei 
cufe,  the  marginal  ohjections 
oa  taxing  the  bill,  and,  havia|^ 
of  reducing  one  amount  and  getting  rid  of  1 
iwaacc  nor  nia  counciii  ana     the  other,  the  itatenienta  made  In  Ibea  f 
law  boiineaa,  according  to  an      majr  be  auumed  correct. 
''  him,  the  some  of  I!/.  lOa." 
Cbatges  to  be  allDveti  unto  Phillip  WaUon,  gen',  by  Ralphe  Beale,  et  al',  i 
ordinem  xi]"  Junii,  IG4U  : — 

lletD,  to  Mr.  Attorney. Generall  and  to  Mr.  Watson  fur  attendeinge  at  the    £  *.  i, 
beareingo  upnn  the  former  order*  .  .  .  .  S  10     0 

(h  (At  margin.)     iOi,  aalGcieut.  in   respect  of  y°  former  fee  for,  attendance,  Me. 
Attnr.  not  being  preient.   20a,  atlovred. 
Item,  to  Mr.  Atlorney-Genernll  for  maynelayneinge  of  the  sayd  order  the 


(/n  /Ae  marnin,)     Mr.  Attar,  had  noe  fee  this  day,  comeing  into 
buainoB,  J'  mociun  being  made  by  y'  def". — Diialloned. 

Connected    in  lome  degree  with  tbii 
labjecC,  is  the  rollowing  bill  of  the  deputy 


ff  of  tl 


te  me  when  pultiag  together  i 
ing  atracla.     Such  bills  are  i 
OUs,  haling  been  regnlarly  mi 
eicrj  Term.     Among   them  c 
occur  aome  interesting  items  reiaung  to 
the  flttiog  up  and  alleralion  of  the  court, 
which,  it  will  be  remembered,  was  one  of 
the  halls  of  the  ancient   Palace  of  West- 
minster, at  the  end  of  the  Grent  Hsll.  The 
hemi  relating  to  Ue  dinners  and  other 
refreahmenli  which  were  supplied  to  the 
oBcialsofthr  court,  occur  regularly,  lary- 
ing  of  coarse  in  amoant. 
Termino  Trinitatia,  Anno  Domiui  1S3I. 

Peticioni  of  William  Jobnion.  Deputy 
Uaber  of  his  Ma""  Conrt  of  Wardes  and 

Imprimia  far  pens,  inke,  and 
paper  .... 

ffor  ilandiibes 

g  the  court  rounde 


9br  tij  dinnon  and  waihing  of 

Sor  cookes  wage*  and  labouren 
uumer-     ffur  loane  of  plale  . 
out  for     Sor  bread  and  beare  In  the 


momiDg     .... 
ffur  loekca  imd  keyei 
ffor  wood,  cosies,  lights  and 

:bes  for  the  whole  years    3fi 

shippe  about  the  great  ot 

gate  of  the  coorle 
ffor  diriding  the   a 

foore  eeienll  partidons  for 

Ihehortea  .... 
flbr  mending  the  > 

making  up  Ihewallestpoiled 

other  nececaary    proritlon 
forkeeping  the  alronge  been 

of   the    eooitcell    cbamber 
chimney     .... 

Summa  totalis 

The  odd  shillings  and  pence  were  struck 
order  for  psyment  i  ihi* 
ularly  the  case. 

Yonni,  &e.    J.  B. 


Coryespondenee  of  Sylea 


The  Sai 


N  Vv 


Ma.   Urban.— Mt.  Cmioingham,   in  altlie  PIhbdIi  in  St.   Pbii1'»  Clinrclijira, 

bis  HiDdbook  of  London.  Iiu  noc  failed  to  and  nt  Ihe  WLite   Hart  in  WeBtminstct 

nodcc  Ihil,  of  olden  time.  "  Besides  the  HaU."     This  ihowi  tliat  a  citf  bookKller 

Liw  Courts,  a  part  of  Wcitminiter  Hall  wuuld  alio  occup<r  a  stall  in  WeHmiDater 

wai  tnken  up  with  the  ttiUi  of  booksellers  Hall,    probably   during  term-tiiue    obl;. 

and  sempitreaaei.  the  renta  and  profiti  of  Mortlock  had  an  tje  to  the  architoetoril 

which  beloDged  of  rigbE  to  the  Warden  of  decorationi  of  the  Hall,  when  he  adopted 

the  Fleet,"  aa  Hated  in  Strype'i  edition  of  the  White  Hart  of  Richard  the  Second  for 
Stose'a  Sana;,  Book  iii.  p.  380. 


In  illustration  of  the  tliops  hsTiag  been 


"  Slobk  Nmpstnu  vc 


A  much  earlier  example  of  bonks  bang 
sold  in  Westminster  Hall  hoi  given  in 
your  Magjiine  for  Ma;  IB13,  in  the  caw 
of  one  of  the  copies  of  the  Legends  Aurea. 
which  was  either  be<|Ueathed  to  the  parilh 
of  St.  Margirct,  Westminster,  b;  Caitoa 
himself,  or  giren  bj  his  execntors.  It  \» 
alto  there  noticed  that  Machjn'a  Diarf 
records  that  in  the  jear  I55fi  a  ho;  "  (bat 
sold  papers  and  printed  bookt"  was  killed 
with  in  Westiaiuster  Hall  b;  being  hit  nndtr 
lome  the  ear  with  a  stone  thrown  by  "a  hoder'll 
son  above  London  Stone."  The  jrooog 
bookseller  wss  a  poor  Scholar  of  WcM- 
ininster  SahooL     The  bookseller*'  sboiia 


t 


•nd  a  longer  passage  from  Tom   Brown'i 
••  AmasemenU."  &c.  I7U0,  in  whiuh  it  is 
■tateil,  "  Ou  ;oar  left  hand  jou  hate 
nimble- tangued.  painted  se: 
fcaoharming  treble, iuTi<e  yi 
it  her  knick-knacks,  and  on  your  right  a 
dtep-mouthed  cryer,  coomianding  impoa- 
dbilititl,  Til.  sileuDB  to   be  kept   among 
VOmen  and  lawyers." 

This  describes  the  silnalion  of  the  shops 
ar  stalls  as  ranged  alnng  the  blank  wall  aa 
the  southern  side  of  the  Uali.    Some  years 
later,  they  occnjiied  not  only  the  whole  of 
thai  aide,  but  such  poilioa  of  the  other 
■a  was  not  oconpied  by  the  Court  of  Com. 
iDin  Pleaa,  which  then  sat  within  the  HaU      BritLs 
itaelf,    as   did  the  Chancery  and   King's      to  it, 
Bench  at  its  further  end.     There  is  a  print      to  tbt 
of  the  interior  of  Westminster  Hall  during 
tarm- time,  delineated  by  Oraietot.in  which 
tbia  arnngeoicot  is  represented.* 

In  regard  to  the  boakselten'  stalls.  Mr. 

Cnnningham  remarks  that  the  duodecimo 

TOlume  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's  Remaina 

WM  printed  in  1675  "  for  Henry  Mortlork 

To  the  King's  most  Eicellent  Mat". 

The  Hamble  Petition  of  Yo'  yiaO-*  most  Dnlcful  Subji 

Ma""  Great  Hall  of  WeatminiUr, 

Host  Humbly  Sbewelh. 

That,  Whereas  Your  Petic'oiiera  have  e-m  behaned  themselves  most  datifiillj  l» 
Your  Ma"*  and  the  Government,  being  all  of  us  Prulestinta  :  Ami  thst  it  now 
SO  happens  that  our  Shops  ar.:  inlirely  boarded  up  and  uaeleas  by  the  Prepara- 
tions made  fur  Your  Ma""  most  happy  Uoruaation.  for  which  damage  in  their 
Trades  some  Consideration  balh  heretofore  been  allowed ;  Aud  there  bdog 
Leads,  and  the  Ontsidcs  of  the  Windowes,  of  the  West  side  of  the  Hall  not  Em- 
ployed for  Your  Majeatie*  Service, 

Your  Petio'oDers  therefore  most  humbly  Implore  Your  mo<t  Uradooa 
Ma"*  that  Yon  will  be  Pleased  to  grant  the  use  and  advantage  of  the  aayd 
Leads  and  outside  Windows  for  them  and  (bar  bmiliea,  that  tbey  may 
Tiew  and  eBJoy  aome  thare  in  (he  happyneste  of  that  Glorioaa  and  Pra- 
videnciall  Prospecl. 

And  Your  Petic'onera.  as  in  duty  bonnd,  shall  ever  Pray  for  Tmt 
Ma""  Long  and  Prosperoiu  Reigne  over  as. 

Yours,  &e.        J.  G.  N. 


:  Second.  Mr.  John  StagE.  who  died 
nifi.  is  described  as  "  of  Writmi Hater 
ill.  Bookseller,''  nn  his  mouumental 
ilet  in  the  Abbey  cloisters. 
The  following  Petition  it  prsaerved 
ig  Miss  Biaki't  collectanea  ta  tbe 
'    "  -   has  no  dale  aflUed 

to  it,  but  I  conjecture  thai  11  either  relata 
to  the  Coronation  of  William  the  Third, 
from  the  assurances  protTered  of  the  per- 
fect ProtesUntism  of  the  Palilianers,  or, 
as  there  is  no  mention  of  the  Queen,  whiok 
<ce  might  certainly  eipect  at  that  lima,  it 
may  belong  to  the  Corouation  of  Kiag 
George  the  Plrtt.  and  the  iras  ProtMUat 
succession  of  the  House  of  Hanover : — 

M  and  Tenants  in  Yooi* 


G.  N.  J 

inacribedat  I 


Corretpondentt  of  Si/lvanu»  Urban. 


Thb  Familv 
Hh.  Urban, — M.  Capefigao  in  a  recent 
work,  end  tied"  LMDiplomatPielHommei 
d'Etat  Eorop6!n!,"  haa  nude  Kinie  ob- 
B'rratinnaoawhBt  be  consirlcri  thahnoible 
origin  of  ihe.  nnble  Tamil  j  oF  Phippa,  repre- 
aented  b;  tbc  Mnrqaeat  of  Normiubj.  It 
appcara  ID  me,  however,  that  the  ftct5 
which  be  assumea  are  aol  at  all  certain. 
The  old  peerage  boakt  tell  lu  Ihat  Sir 
ConiCaDtiae  Pbippi,  Ihe  Lord  Chancellar 
of  Iralaad,  iria  aon  of  Sir  William  Phipps 
the  iafentor  of  tbe  diring'bell,  who,  it 
appean,  wst  the  aon  of  aganiuiilli.  Sir 
Egerton  BryilgnB,  howeier,  in  his  edition 
oF  Cotlini'  Peerai;e,  quotei  »a  old  pub- 
liiludLiFeofSir  William, which  statu  that 
he  died  without  iuue.  and  that  he  adopted 
a  nephew  of  bii  wiFe.  Thia  pahlicicion 
being  coutsmporsrj  irith  Ihe  pecaoni  in 
qasslioQ,  mutt  be  received  an  entitled  to 
credit,  and  we  may  at  preienC  inFer  that 
Sit  Conslantina  originally  bora  a  name 
different  from  "  Pbippt." 

On  eonaulting  the  recent  peerages,  bow- 
erer,  we  find  a  new  Tenion  of  the  matter. 
We   are   told   that   Sir   Canitantiae   waa 
cmiiit  of  Sir  William  and  grandaon  of  ■ 
Colonel  Pbippi^  but  ne  find  im  mt 
who  hia  father  naa,  which  aesma 
that  (he  anthor  of  the  itatem*i 
DDthioc  about  it. 

It  appears  eitraordlnar;  that  (h«  pc 
rentage  of  •  barriater  aliould  continue  a 
matter  of  doubt — ererj  aladent  of  law  ii 
obliged  to  put  on  record  the  name  and 
addition  of  his  father,  and  tbe  custom  ii 


an  sDclent  one.  I  know  it  ia  so  at  the 
Middle  Temple,  anij  I  aoi  pretty  snre  the 
same  may  be  said  of  the  other  three  Inm 
oF  Court.  If  tbtn  any  learob  list  alre»dy 
been  madewilhoal  sueceai  bi  theie  d^parC- 
ments  for  the  immediate  ancestor  of  Sir 
Constaatinr,  Ihe  failure  may  have  arisen 
from  the  eircumitaiKe  of  tliat  personage 
at  the  time  of  hit  entrance  and  c^ill  to  the 
bar  bniinft  borne  lome  other  lumame. 
Tliia  would  he  a  bar  to  farther  iac|Hiry  in 
'  caaea,  but  in  the  eaie  of  a  permn 


bearin 


baptis. 


would  not  add  much  to 
the  difficulty.  1  fancy  no  other  barriater 
may  ha*r  borne  thii  name,  and  If  only  one 
should  be  found  at  that  period,  that  one 
would  then  certainly  appear  tn  be  thfl 
gentleman  in  queslioD.  It.  howcTer,  tttw 
others  appeared,  their  coaneetiona  eould 
probably  be  cosily  atcertalned  from  will*, 
parish  regisCert,  or  otiier  sources  nhrirm* 
enough  to  genealogists,  and  In  this  way 
tbiacnrioui  and  myttsriaus  queutiou  mi^ht 
be  resoUad,  respecting  the  origin  of  ■ 
family  now  beoome  ofcotuiderable  note. 

I  find  that  Sir  Constanliae  wai  of  the 
Middle  Temple,  fur  he  resided  there  at  the 
close  oF  hit  career.  I  may  remark  th(t  tb«  i 
first  peer  of  this  family  obtained  a  grant  of  | 
arms  in  I76T.  whii^h  ihewa  that  his  grand' 
father,  though  knighted,  nner  ohlaioeil 
any.  I  believe  Che  same  may  be  said  of 
many  porians  who  obtaintd  Irish  baronet- 
ages  and  [leeragei,  but  at  present  no  patent 
is  passed  without  the  registration  of  arml. 
Years,  &c.  X.  Z, 


Mb.  Jobh  K.N1LL  or  St.  Itb's. 


Ptnroti.  BiUlim,  Oct.  1853. 

Mn.  Urban, — I  am  nnwilling  to  tree- 
posa  upon  your  valuable  pages  with  refer- 
ence lo  a  Bubjeet  of  a  personal  nature  ( 
but  I  feel  Ihat  the  credit  oF  your  Magasiae 
i«  in  some  way  compromised,  when  et- 
raaeous  atatements  of  fact*  are  admitted. 

Yoai  Aueutt  number,  p.  139,  la  men- 
tioning the  calamity  which  befel  St.  Hilarj 
Chmvui.  near  this  place,  in  its  destrucliou 
br  fire  on  Good  Friday  ksl,  goes  some- 
what out  of  the  way  to  throw  ridicule 
npon  BQ  indiridual  whose  private  wDrth 
endeared  him  lo  all  liii  frieads,  and  whose 
memory  still  Dies  io  tbe  hearts  of  many : 
1  mean  Mr.  Knill.  Statements  are  Iliere 
made,  which,  if  true,  would  certainly  he 
considered  lo  Bhew 


Mr.  John  EniU  was  Bduoiled  tor  tba 
las',  bat  did  not  adopt  it  as  ■  profetMOn  i 
having  preferred  to  accept  the  office  of 
Collector  of  Castoms  at  St.  Iic*i,  which 
he  held  for  many  years. 

Whilst  there  he  was  sent  out  as  In. 
ap«ctor  General  of  Caatoms  in  the  West 
India  islands,  whence  he  returned  to  hii 
duties  at  St.  Ire's,  after  diicliirgiag  thoM 
oF  his  inspectorship. 

In  1T7T  Ihe  Earl  of  Buckinghsmthir^ 
who  was  Recorder  oF  St.  ln>,  inyited  Mr. 
Knill  to  accompany  him  to  Ireland  as  hil  , 
priiate  Beeretiiry,  when  he  was  made  L  . 
Lieutenant.  TbtsofTHr  Mr.  Knillsccepted.  1 

In  178'^,  thirty  years  beTure  bis  death, 
be  erected  tbe  mausoleum  on  a  hill  over, 
looking  St.  Ire's,  being  ooluated  partly  br 
s  pbiUnlhroiiic  motive  in  aJFurding  a  more 
saFc  landmark  for  ships  approaching  tht 
[tort,  and  partly  by  a  wish  to  give  employ- 
meut  it  B  time  of  general  distress  ;  having 
also  the  inteolion  of  being  buried  there,  H 
the  ground  amid  be  onwecratcJ.    l^ia 


482 


CarrMpandenee  ofSylvanui  Urban* 


[Not. 


intention  was  aftenrards  abandoned ;  bat 
a  provision  was  made  for  the  perpetual  re- 
pair and  safety  of  the  monament.  Mr. 
Knill  resided,  for  some  years  previously 
to  his  death,  in  Gray's  Inn,  and  was  a 
bencher  of  that  society.  He  died  there  in 
1811,  and  was  bnried  in  a  very  nnostenta- 
tioos  manner  in  the  vaults  of  St.  Andrew's, 
Holbom. 

The  generous  philanthropy  of  his  cha- 
racter prompted  him  to  offer  his  body  for 
dissection  after  death,  if  it  should  be 
thought  for  the  benefit  of  medical  science, 
but  his  medical  attendant  considered  this 
nnnecetsary. 

The  mausoleum  itself  requires  notice, 
because  the  strangest  inaccuracies  occur  in 
tiie  account  which  is  given  of  it.  In  form 
it  is  an  acutely-pointed,  plain-sided,  tri- 
nagular  pyramid  of  granite,  quite  unlike 
those  of  Egypt.  It  is  of  very  modest  di- 
mensions, and  surrounded  by  a  low  wall, 
jnaeembling  similar  obelisks  at  Falmouth 
and  elsewhere.  On  one  side  of  it  the  word 
"  Resurgam "  is  cut  in  relief  on  the 
granite  of  which  it  is  built ;  on  a  second 
tide  the  words  **  I  know  that  my  Redeemer 
Uveth  ;  "  and  on  the  third  the  family  srms 


of  Knill,  with  the  motto  ''  Nil  desperan- 
dum."  No  other  inscription  ever  appeared 
upon  it ;  and  the  silly  Latin  puna,  which 
would  have  been  unworthy  of  so  accom- 
plished a  man  as  John  Knill,  are  a  pure 
mvention.  It  never  was  called  Knill'a 
folly,  but  simply  Koill's  mausoleum,  or 
the  mausoleum  at  St.  Ive's. 

Mr.  KniU*s  eccentricities  of  chaneter 
were  so  greatly  outweighed  by  his  inte- 
grity and  ability  that  he  won  the  affection 
and  esteem  of  all  who  knew  him;  and 
1  cannot  mention  a  stronger  proof  of 
this  than  that  Lord  Bucldnghamthire 
appointed  him  his  executor  and  sole 
guardian  of  his  three  daughtera,  and  that 
Mr.  Pitt,  whilst  Prime  Minister,  frequently 
consulted  him  upon  subjects  of  trade  and 
finance.  I  have  confined  my  notice  to 
those  points  which,  in  your  article,  give  a 
different  complexion  to  Mr.  KniU's  cha- 
racter from  that  which  his  friends  are 
conscious  it  should  bear,  and  I  offer  it  aa 
a  correction  of  statements  which,  though 
unimportant  to  the  public,  have  been  in- 
advertently made,  and  have  given  pain 
to  your  humble  servant, 

A  NEAR  RBLATIVB  OP  JOUN  KkIIX. 


a 


ANTiaUITT  OF  THE  IfTSTSaiOUS  WORD  **  WHaXDLV. 


» 


Ma.  Urban, — I  am  aurprised  to  find 
ftook  the  article  on  Shakspere  in  your  Ma- 
gasine  of  this  month,  that  Mr.  Singer 
ihonld  have  considered  that  Mr.  Collier's 
corrector  was  conricted  of  having  lived 
not  earlier  than  the  last  century  from  hav- 
ing sabstituted  *'  wheedling'*  for  "  wheel- 
ing** in  Roderigo's  speech  in  the  first  scene 
in  Othello.  You  bring  forward  a  refer- 
ence, from  Richardson's  Dictionary,  to 
Locke's  Essays  (b.  Hi.  c.  9),  written  before 
1689i  and  give  your  definition  of  "  wheed- 
ling** as  "  circumventing**  or  "  invidious,** 
rqecting,  very  properly,  Mr.  Knight's  ss 
synonymous  with  **  extravagant,'*  and  Mr. 
Singer's  as  baring  the  sense  of  **  incon- 
stant." 

I  wonder  the  latter  gentleman,  with  his 
knowledge  of  old  books,  did  not  recollect 
one  now  lying  before  me,  and,  I  believe, 
not  a  scarce  one,  of  which  I  copy  you  the 
title-page,  and  also  the  first  chapter,  as 
it  contains  *'  the  signification  of  the  word 
wheedle"  in  1679. 

"  Proteus  Rederivus,  or  the  Art  of 
Wheedling  or  Insinuation,  obtain'd  by 
General  Conversation,  and  extracted  from 
the  several  Humours,  Inclinations,  and 
Passions  of  both  Sexes,  respecting  their 
several  Ages,  and  suiting  each  Profession 
or  Occupation.  Collected  and  Methodised 
bv  the  author  of  the  Firat  Part  of  the 
English  Rogue." 

Tby  Credit  wury  keep ;  *tis  quickly  gone. 
Being  got  by  many  Aotkms,  lost  by  one. 


'*  London.  Printed  by  W.  D.  and  are 
to  be  sold  by  most  booksellera.     1679." 

**  Chap.  I.— The  signification  of  the  word 
wheedle. 

"  This  mysterious  word  Wheedle,  with- 
out offence  to  the  significstion,  in  my  opi- 
nion pleads  no  great  antiquity,  neither  can 
it  boast  it  self  the  legitimate  offspring  of 
any  learned  language.  I  neither  find  it 
registered  in  the  Mouldy  Glott&rie,  nor 
an  inhabitant  in  the  New  World  of  Words, 
Since  then  the  Bnglitk  expotiiore  give  us 
neither  the  etymology  nor  signification  of 
this  word,  we  must  apply  ourselves  to  the 
Ctmtimg  Dictionmy  as  the  uliiwtum  re/k* 
gium  of  our  better  information ;  where  you 
shall  find  the  word,  Wheedle,  imports  « 
tubtil  uuinualion  into  the  nature,  humoure, 
and  inelinaiiont  of  tuck  we  convene  with, 
working  upon  them  to  efeetuallg,  thmi  we 
poitett  them  unth  a  belitf  thai  mil  our 
aetUmt  and  eervieet  tend  to  their  pleanare 
andproJU,  whereat  it  it  but  teemingfy  to, 
that  we  mag  work  on  them  our  real  ad' 
vantage,  Vid.  Bnglith  Rogue,  The  DeviTt 
Cabinet  broke  open ,  &c.  Wheedling,  quasi 
wheeling,  inde  Wealingt  near  Ftuthing,  a 
refuge  in  necessity." 

Cole,  in  his  English  Dictionary,  1724, 
has,  "  Wheadle.  Br.  a  story,  a  subtle 
drawing  of  one  in  ;    also  he  that  doth 


so. 


If 


Yours,  Sec, 

C.  de  D. 


NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 

ilic  AiTlii;  Bcgioni  ud  Dlacoyery  of  Uie  Karth-WHt  Fam 
■lis— PrnpoKd  Hidluid  ObwmlDrr  si  HnltlDgluin— Fih 
t— New  Venloni  ol  Ibo  SmtoI  Serlplure>— Hiirod'j  Norto 


liDgv— Aolograi 


The  put  montli  has  brought  u>  moit 
interesting  intelligence  from  (he  Arctic 
Tcgiotu.  After  three  jurt,  tidings  hive 
been  rtcciied  of  the  SBTet;  of  the  Inveiti- 
gitor,  under  the  comoisnil  of  CspEiun 
M-Clare.  TbU  officer  was  Hrat  Lieu- 
IcntDt  of  Sir  Jimei  Rdbi's  ihip  Eatei- 
prirc.  and,  hsTing  been  promoted,  Tolun- 
leered  for  the  secood  expedition,  bj  way 
of  Dehring'a  Strait.  He  was  ippointed 
to  the  commaodof  the  I  nveitigator,  under 
Capt.  Collinson  of  tlie  Enlcrpriic :  with 
wbom  he  procccited  to  Beliring'a  Strait  in 
the  eirlTparl  of  18A0.  Capt.  CoIMdhod 
having  failed  to  penetrate  tlie    pscli    ice, 

Earted  from  Capt.  M'Clure,  and  tailed  to 
long  Kong,  vbore  he  wintered  ;  but  the 
latter,  notwithsCaudine  a  signal  of  recall 
(rom  Capt,  Kellett  of  the  Herald,  who  »bs 
tbe  chief  officer  on  that  station,  daahed 
onwards  with  a  bold  determination  to 
force  I  passage  to  the  north-ea>l,^ taking 
on  himself  the  responaibililj  of  disobejing 
orders.  Furtunatelj'  bii  daring  has  been 
crowned  with  Buci'esa  ;  and  it  is  not  a 
little  singular  that  Copt.  Kellett,  who  was 
the  Ust  penoD  aeeo  bjr  Capt.  M'Clnre 
when  he  entered  the  ice  on  the  wcal,^ 
ahoold  biTC  been  [be  person  to  rescue 
hin  at  the  eipirolion  of  three  ;ears  on 
the  side  of  Melville  Island  on  tbe  east. 
Capt.  M-Clure  rounded  Point  Barrow, 
die  north-eastern  extremilr  of  Behring'a 
Strait,  on  the  5th  August,  le50,  and  then 
bi>retotheeBBt.lieepingneartbeshore.  On 
the  6lh  SepL  be  readied  Cape  Parrjr,  and 
high-land  was  observed  to  the  cut-norlh- 
eait.  This  was  taken  possesilon  of  and 
named  Bating  hland.  T*'a  days  later  land 
*ai  obierTcd  (o  the  north-no  rib -east,  and 
named  Prince  Albert's  Land.  Tl.is  is 
conlinaoui  with  Wollasten  and  Victoria 
lands,  and  extends  north  to  T3°  21'  long, 
and  112°4B' weal. lat.  Tbe  ship  was  then 
navigated  through  a  narrow  channel,  run- 
ning to  the  north-east,  and  diTidiog  Baring 
Iiland  from  Prince  Albert's  Land,  wbich 
wai  called  Prince  of  Wales's  Strait,  and 
in  its  centre  were  found  Bctenl  ialiuda,  to 
which  the  name  of  Ibe  Princeia  Royal  was 
given.  Sailing  np  the  ttrait,  tbe  ahip  pro- 
greaaed  faiourablj  until  the  Itth  Sept. 
when  she  was  beaet  and  drifted  with  the 
ice,  narrowlj  eacaping  deatrucllon  aeierai 
times,  until  theSih  Oct.  when  the  became 
Srmlf  filed.  A  few  dsjs  longer  would 
hate  carried  her  into  Barrow  Strait,  and 
^       thn*  the  would  have  eftcted  tb«  North 


West  Paaaagc!  This  was  ascertained  on 
the  26th  Oct.  ISaO,  during  an  eipedition 
of  ten  daja,  in  which  Capt,  M'Clure  and 
a  small  partj  traversed  the  intervening 
distance  in  a  sledge. 

On  the    Mth  Jutjr,  IBSl,  the  Inveiti- 
gstor  was  again  afloat  by  tbe  opening  of    j 
the  ice.     Great  eiettion*  were  then  msds 
to    pass   through   tbe  strait ;    hut  strong     . 
north-east  winds  and  large  drifts  of  ics  de- 
feated this  object.     Capt.  M'Clure  then 
resolved   to  attempt   la   round  Baring'* 
Islpiod  by  it>  western  side.     He  mcceeded 
in  reaching  iU  north  side  on  the  24lh  Sept. 
but  an  the  night  following  tbe  lovestigstor 
was  again  froien  in,  and  op  to  the  date  of    ' 
Capt.  M'Clure'a  last  despatch  (April  10, 
1853)  she  had  not  again  been  liberated. 
Her  position  is  in  7-1°  6'  north  latitude, 
and  117"  M'  weat  longitude. 

In  April  1852  a  party  croaied  the  ice  to 
Melville  Island,  and  depoaited  there  a 
document  giving  an  account  of  the  pro- 
cfcdinga  and  position  of  the  Investigator. 
This  was,  happily,  discovered  by  tbe  oSeen 
of  tbe  Resolute.  Capt.  Kellett,  only  a  feir 
days  before  Capt.  hI'Clurc  had  arranged 
to  desert  bia  froien-up  ahip.  Its  ponlioa 
wat  reached  by  Lieut  Pim,  of  the  Reso- 
lute, on  the  6th  April,  1653.  He  sp- 
proacbeJ  alone,  on  fool,  and  in  Capt. 
M'Clure't  words,  "  came  upon  them  like 
an  apparition,  unnoticed,  being  taken  for 
one  of  themaelvea."  Tbe  revulsion  of 
feeling  at  auch  a  meeting  can  only  be 
fully  understood  by  those  who  can  realise 
the  horrors  of  auch  a  prison,  and  the 
long,  dreary,  and  dreadful  pslhs  by  which 
tbe  priionera  were  about  to  attempt  their 
escape  from  it.  They  had  seen  no 
human  facea  but  those  of  their  own  parly 
since  leaving  Cape  Balhurat  in  August 
1850,  with  the  exception  of  an  hour's  in- 
tercourse, in  tbe  summer  of  1851,  vrith  a 
few  naiitca  upon  Prince  Atbcrt'a  Land. 
Notwithstanding  this  extraordinary  isola- 
tion, the  crew  had  enjoyed  good  health, 
for  the  greater  part  of  that  time  having 
been  well  supphed  with  freah  meat  from 
deer,  hares,  ptarmigan,  and  wild  fowl. 
No  death  occurred  until  the  spring  of  the 
nresent  fear,  when  three  men  fell  viclima 
probable  that  tbe  Invei- 


ir  >tiU  c 


1   the  SI 


judging  by  the  e 
observed  ihia  summer  in  Barrow  Strait 
and  the  neighbouring  seas.  In  the  winter 
of  lBav-3  tbe  tbennometet  fell  to  tbe  aii> 


494 


Notei  of  ike  Month, 


[Not. 


precelfnied  t^mpentnre  of  65  decree*  be- 
low zero. 

The  despatches  of  Sir  Edvard  Bekker 
froi.i  the  tifi.e  rezions  announce  hi»  dl«- 
eoTcrjr  '^f  tbe  eiutroce  of  a  Polar  ici,  atd 
of  vanoc«  new  poioU  of  land  and  i»ltnds. 
Cft}'tain  Inglei^eld,  tn  tbe  Pboenii,  has  re- 
tnrnevl  hom<,  havic;  loit  ber  tender  the 
Hrca^aibar^e  tnntporc,  br  a  nip  of  the  ice 
on  x'..t  2Nt  Au;uit.  Sir  Edwar.l  Belcber 
in  I!. M.S.  Assi-tance  £r.d  Capt.  Kcllett 
are  ftill  left  id  the  Arctic  ?^a«.  a?  if  Capt. 
Co.MinsT'D  io  th-^  Eo'erprife.  which  is  sup- 
posed t>j  hive  foiLowt'd  tb^  track  of  Capt. 
M'Ciure.  and  wliose  present  aituatioD  i« 
ank&oTTo.  When  on  the  eve  of  sailing, 
Capt  M'Clare  emphatically  declared  that 
he  would  tiiid  .Sir  Joha  Franklin  and  Capt. 
Crozier,  or  make  the  North-west  passage. 
"  He  has  (^re marks  the  Athemeum),  geo- 
graphically s}>eakiD^.  redeemed  the  latter 
part  of  this  pledee ;  but  the  fate  of  those 
gallant  commanders  and  their  crews  is 
hidden  jet  amid  the  dark  and  labyrinthine 
ice- paths  of  the  Arctic  «eas.  llie  scien- 
tific .«ecret  of  centories  has  been  wrenched 
•t  la^t  from  the  Spirit  of  the  North  ;  bat 
tbe  hum  in  tecret  which  in  these  Utter 
day?  the  heart  of  more  nations  than  our 
osrn  has  £0  yearned  to  solve,  he  guards 
yet,  in  spite  of  all  qoestioning,  in  some 
one  of  his  drear  and  inaccessible  caves.'* 

Under  the  recommendition  of  the  Royal 
Geo^nphical  Society  the  Lords  of  the 
Treacur)-  have  granted  2,oOO/.  for  a  new 
exploraticn  of  tho  northern  part  of  Au$- 
traiia.  to  be  conducted  by  tbe  gallant 
Hungarian,  (jcneral  Uaoj;.  He  proposes 
to  start  from  the  moutli  of  the  Victoria, 
to  a«>cend  that  fine  river  to  one  of  its 
sonrces,  and  to  continue  his  journey  from 
that  point  in  an  easterly  direction,  the 
precise  route  being  determined  by  the 
nature  of  tbe  s^oil  and  its  OTer(;rowths. 
This  movement  acro:<s  country  will  bring 
the  party  to  one  or  other  of  the  many 
affluents  of  the  streams  running  north- 
wards into  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  .\fter- 
wards,  General  Haug  propo>es  to  strike 
into  the  interior,  and  settle  the  great 
question  whether  there  is,  or  is  not.  a 
great  central  desert  in  that  continent.  So 
far  as  the  Victoria  River  has  been  traced, 
it  was  found  to  be  navii^able,  or  capable 
of  being  made  so  ;  and  the  country  beyond 
the  range  of  the  explorer  was  seen  to  be 
green  and  beautiful.  It  may  be  hoped 
that  the  practical  difficulty  which  now 
confines  the  colonist  in  his  movements, 
and  prevents  a  rapid  settlement  in  many 
quarters  of  Australia,  will  be  removed  by 
the  lights  of  an  ample  knowledge  of  its 
internal  geographical  features. 

An  offer  has  been  made  by  Mr.  Lawson 
of  Bath  to  found  a  Midland  Qh%en^or^ 
ai  Nottingham,  protided  \<i,Wil.  'w^.tc 


sabfcnbed  to  meet  1,050/.  from  himself 
and  the  gift  of  his  instruments.  Tbis  pro- 
posal has  been  met  by  a  coaditiooal  grant 
of  2.CiOO/.  from  the  Tremsary,  and  by 
vmrious  donation s.  indnding  one  of  100 
gnineas  from-H.R.H.  Prince  Albeit;  and 
tbe  Corporation  of  Nottingham  have  re- 
solved to  allot  for  the  pnrpose  three  aeres 
of  land  in  the  Forest,  or  six  acres  on  llap- 
perley  Plain.  As  yet,  however,  the  sun 
prescribed  by  Mr.  Lawson  is  deficient  bj 
some  3.000/. 

Mr.  \V.  Brown,  M.P.  for  Soath  Lanca- 
shire, b.is  placed  at  tbe  disposal  of  the 
town  council  of  Liverpool  the  mnnificeat 
gift  of  6.000/.  for  tlie  erection  of  a  A«r 
Library,  if  tbe  corporation  will  provide  a 
suitable  site,  in  s  central  part  of  the  towD, 
near  St.  George's  Hall. 

J.  Phillips,  esq.  F.G.S.  the  Cvn- 
tor  of  the  York  Mnienm,  and  the  able 
and  lealoos  Assistant  -  Secretary  of  the 
British  Association,  has  been  appointed  to 
the  office  of  Depnty-Rcader  in  Geology  to 
the  University  of  Oxford,  rendered  vacant 
by  the  deaih  of  Mr.  Strickland.  The  ap- 
pointment is  in  the  gift  of  the  Vice* 
Chancellor,  and  is  worth  about  S30/. 
a-vear. 

Besides  the  lAterary  Pemnomt  latdf 
granted  to  the  Rev.  W.  Hickey  and  the 
widow  of  D.  M.  Moir  (as  noticed  in  p. 
392).  we  are  much  gratified  to  have  to 
announce  a  pension  of  100/.  granted  to 
the  widow  of  that  verr  distingoished  hw- 
torical  antiquary.  Sir  N.  Harris  Nicolas; 
and  another  of  the  like  sum  to  Sir  Francis 
Head,  the  popular  author  of  **  Babbles  from 
the  BrucDcns  of  Nassau  ''  and  other  wdl- 
known  works. 

The  Foreign  Translation  Committee  of 
the  Society  for  Promoting  Christian  Know- 
ledge have  recently  reported  the  comple- 
tion of  various  neir  rers/ons  of  ike  Sm€nd 
Scripturet.  which  are  of  some  litenry 
interest,  as  well  as  likely  to  prove  import- 
ant to  the  countries  for  which  they  are 
provided.  .\  translation  of  the  Bible  into 
Spanish,  directly  from  the  Hebrew  and 
Greek  originals^  and  not,  as  in  previoas 
versions,  through  the  mediom  of  tbe  Vol* 
gate,  has  been  superintended  by  Furffaioi 
Juan  Calderon,  of  King's  CoUe«,  LAiidoa. 
A  Polish  translation  of  the  riew  TWta- 
ment,  at  the  recommendatioik  of  Cooit 
Krasinski,  has  been  printed  in  ttrtipyii 
instead  of  the  usual  Gothic  diaracters»  for 
distribution  among  the  Polish  peasantry 
of  Silesia,  and  other  Slavonic  districts. 
Mr.  Jakowski  has  edited  the  work  on  tbe 
basis  of  the  Dantzic- Polish  version,  whicft 
has  some  historical  authority.  Amouf 
works  announced  as  in  progfeaa,  the  most 
interesting  are,  a  new  translation  of  tk 
Old  Testsment  in  Arabic,  an  Ogibwa  Tetta- 
rnKtiV,  vi^  >^  V^^^  of  the  Greek  Nee 


1853.] 


Mitcelhneoui  Keviewt. 


TxUmeDt,  nndei  tlio  Society'^  tnuctlon. 

Mr.  Harroil,  llie  Han.  Secretary  of  tlic 
Norfolk  util  Narnich  ArcliBDlogicnl  So' 
eitXj,  innouncea  Tor  publicitian  on  Svo. 
Tolumi  to  be  entltltid  "  Glteningi  iioaDg 
the  CutlM  DDd  ConTGnti  of  Norfolk," 
cbiefl;  the  reault  of  personal  Ksearchea 
dnriag  tha  Itiit  nix  ycarj.  Auioug  llioub- 
jeciU  of  Ihii  work  will  be  tbe  casllcs  of 
Nornich,  Rising,  Caallencre,  and  Buckeii- 
bitn.  the  iiriorKS  of  Norwicb,  Waliingbim, 
Caitteacre,  BiDbam.  Thetford,  YanuautU, 
lo  large 

..  Belgium  li 
been  enricb«d  by  ttae  autograpb  > 
of  Ballbaiar  Gerard,  the  aasa^ain  of  Guil- 
laaine  le  Tacitume,  Trince  of  Orange, 
vriUea  immediatclf  after  bii  nirat,  the 


lOtU  of  July.  I&S4.  It  it  entirely  in  the 
boDilwriCiDg  of  the  murderer,  wbo  girca  ■ 
detailed  account  of  (be  motiiea  of  bfa 
criiue.  add  mioulely  relates  all  the  plana 
rhicb  be  had  faiineJ  in  the  lii  prEceding 


Saruo  Bod  Scafati,  at  a  depth  of  betweeo 
only  Ibrei  and  four  feet,  of  bd  antique 
villp,  wbote  aicbitccturc  resembles  that  of 
[be  Pompeian  edifices, —  the  only  differ- 
ence being,  that  it  ia  sustained  on  arches 
and  bnttretsea.  The  house  is  eB<ire,— 
and  coattint  ten  cbsmbeic,  besides  a  Hide 
leslibule.  In  it  uterr  found  two  amphone. 
two  agricultural  implenienta  of  smgalar 
form,  the  skeleton  of  a  man  anil  that  of  • 
biiil.  The  edifice  ii  surroiuidcd  bj  iraler, 
from  the  filtrations  of  the  Ssrno,— and  it 
will  be  difficult  to  preaerre  it. 


HISTORICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


I 


A  Dttcriptivi  CeMospii  nf  lie  Z.on- 
iton  TVadera",  rc«er«i  and  &fftt  Haute 
Tbtou  rrtrrtnf  in  the  Semntetnlh  Cen- 
turyi  prtnitlrd  to  Ihe  Cvrporalion  LI- 
tray  ty  Hmry  Binjamiii  Hanburg 
.SttHfoji,  Cilitrn  end  Ditlilltr,  Felloui  of 
Ihi  Hoytt  and  Lintnten  Svcielln,  ^c.  By 
Ji«ob  Henry  Burn.  1853.  Bm.  {Prinled 
Jir  tkttumffht  Mtmbm  of  tht  Corpo- 
ration qffit  Ctly  o/iondoH.)— From  the 
orliost  era  of  the  English  coinage  donu 
W  the  ScTenleeutb  Century  Ihete  iras  no 
rcgn^r  uurreoejr  authoiiied  by  the  Stale 
hut  that  ofiilver.  and  occaHlooallj  a  imall 
proportion  of  gold.  The  emalleBt  coio  in 
ordinal]'  use  was  Ihe  pcDny,  and  when  a 
dinNon  nf  that  coin  *as  required  it  was 
tcrf  enalamar^,  b  eirlj  times,  to  diiidc  it 
by  the  sheari  into  half-pence  or  farthiogs. 
Coined  halfpence  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  era 
■re  eltant,  but  no  round  fsrtliing^.  King 
John  coined  batlpeiice  in  Iralsatt ;  and 
some  English  bslfpenre  of  Heory  III.  are 
known,  bat  they  are  Biccedinglj  rare. 
■When  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I.,  in  Ihe  year 
1280,  it  was  delermined  lo  strike  round 
halfpence  and  farihings.  as  well  la  pence, 
the  former  were  regarded  as  a  noielty,  so 
fear  were  prcvioBily  current.  Century  after 
century,  and  reign  after  reign,  the  tilrer 
coinJ|e  was  depreciated  in  weight,  so  lliat 
■t  Uft,  in  the  year  1464,  [be  bilfpcDDy 
weighed  Only  six  grains  troy,  and  the 
faiililne  but  tliree.  Sucb  pieces  could 
bitdiy  be  fdt  by  the  liamy  hand  of  the 
Ubourer,  add  were  liable  to  be  coalinoally 
lost.    Still  the  stsle  failed  lu  proiide  the 


Bat 


IB  Taluabic  Ihau  ^ver. 


Neglected  in  so  imporlant  a  neoessary. 
(be  trading  community  were  forced  to  de- 
Tiie  a  substitute  of  (heir  own.  This  was 
effected  in  part  by  the  intnuducCion  of  the 
money  of  foreign  coontries.  Euly  ia  tbe 
reign  of  Henry  IV.  <re  bear  of  the  balf- 

E conies  of  Scotland,  which  were  ooised  of 
lllon.  a  mixture  of  siller  and  copper;  and 
of  galley  halfpence,  which  were  broDght 
from  Genoa  and  other  parts  of  Italy  by  the 
Italiin  mercijants.  In  same  places  token* 
nf  lead  were  cast,  which  were  commoa  at 
the  close  of  the  15tti  century,  when  Eug- 
Inud  wu  visited  by  Erasmof.  Some  of 
these,  found  ■  few  years  ago  in  Alderi' 

Gte-slroct,  are  engrated  io  the  Arch*(>- 
^ieal  Journal  for  Oct.  le*i,  and  Id  Plate 
VIll.  of  Akertnaii's  Tradeamen'a  Tokeof. 
Tbey  bare  s  laticty  of  deiiccs,  but  no 

This  stale  of  things  continued  during 
tbe  reign  of  Elicabeth.  and  until  the  mid- 
die  of  that  of  James  the  l^rat:  aben, 
among  the  various  patents  and  monopolies 
which  were  discredilsbly  sold  to  sustain 
the  royal  retenuea,  or  graolcd  to  gratify 
tbe  fiTouritet  of  the  court,  was  one  to 
John  Lord  Haringtou  uf  Elton,*  for  the 

*  Mr.  Burn  says,  "  Tbe  king's  half  of 
Iho  profit  was  granted  to  a  bagatly  rtla- 
lirt  and  refaoier,  John  Karington.'' 
These  expressions  are  at  once  intemperate 
and  iooccurale.  Lord  Haripglon  was  tutor 
of  tbe  PrinccM  Ellnbcth,  but  an  Euglisli- 
man.  and  no  relative  of  the  King.  Op' 
nuthoT  Is  again  somewhat  UicautloM  (p 
In  aflirmlng  that  "  Tlie  pitiable  pOUM 
Jamee  and  Charlei  led  noqiicsdaMU| 


485 


[N 


of  the  col- 
it  to  the 


bj  trrerel  of 
wiifetn  of  the  dsj. 
TWjcxdted  grait  popwhr 
tWir  iBftdcq«stc  valae, 

Mher  Of r  ■■■>■■  I'fi  of  aut- 
and  at  loigth,  daring  the 
tivabied  tiaes  of  ciTfl  coBtortioB,  agn 

Ce  vmj,  at  least  to  Mnae  cxteot,  to  the 
IcD  tokcBS  of  prirate  traden.  At  thia 
fcriod  there  were  parties  who  petitioacd 
■arfiaaaeatto  decry  the  rojal  tokcm  ;  aad 
la  a  eoaater  petition  prracated  in  1644,  it 
«M  aaacfted*  ''That  this  wtrj  point  is  the 
ga^  of  their  oooceqyts,  and  the  mystery 
ml  their  griping  ioiqoity,  nz.  to  aapprease 
Farthing  Tokens,  that  so  they  may 
ovne  tokens,  staaips,  seals, 
I,  Hgnes,  and  sapeisciiptions,  if  not 
I,  as  now  appears,  thoagh  they  be 
Isr  inlbior  to  Ccsar'i.'*  From  aboat  the 
thae  of  King  Charleses  dcca|mation  this 
cknge  actaaUy  tcok  place.  Private  tokens 
ware  now  strack  witliont  restrictioo,  bat 
they  were  made  of  brass  or  copper,  not  of 
lead  or  Ittther  as  of  old.  Evelfn,  in  his 
Kamismata,  allndes  to  ibem  in  the  foUow- 
ilf  intelligible,  thoagh  somewhat  iU-con- 
stracted  pauage :  ^  The  Tokens  which 
erery  tavern  and  tipliog'hoaae,  in  the  days 
of  late  anarchy  among  as,  presamed  to 
stamp  and  atter  for  immediate  exchange, 
at  they  were  passable  throngb  the  neigh- 
boarbood,  which  tbo'  seldom  reaching 
Ihrther  than  the  next  street  or  two,  may 
happily,  in  after  timet,  come  to  exercise 
and  basic  the  learned  critic  what  they 
ihoald  signtfie." 

Iliis  prophetic  specolation  of  Evelyn  is 
BOW  smply  fulfilled.  Of  late  years  the 
tokens  of  the  seventeenth  century  have 
attracted  the  attention  of  many  writers,* 
and  this  is  the  lecood  octavo  volume  which 
has  been  compiled  in  description  of  those 
of  London  alone.  The  former  book,  by 
Mr.  J.  Y.  Akerroan,  was  noticed  in  our 
Magazine  for  July  1849. 

Of  the  "  Beaofoy  cabinet "  as  a  collec- 
tioo  the  present  book  gives  no  account. 
We  are  not  told,  except  in  the  words  which 
we  have  copied  from  the  title-page,  who 
Mr.  fieaufoy  was,  what  time  or  means  he 

ih§  death  of  thefirtt  by  poiMon,  and  to  the 
vindictive  energies,''  5u:.  The  mint-mark 
of  a  fret  (p.  6)  was  from  the  Uarington  coat 
of  arms. 

•  We  noticed  in  our  September  number, 
p.  878,  the  recent  publication  for  the  se- 
cond time  of  Admiral  Smyth^s  Essay  on 
the  Tradesmen's  Tokens  of  Bedford.  See 
also  Mr.  firockett's  description  of  those 
of  Wettmerland  in  our  Magazine  for  May 
last. 


itfiargraBtcd  that 
aliCBdy  faUy  known  to 


Mr.Bwm 
of  the 

,  to  be  pre- 
Mardb  1S50.     la 


We  have 
that  Mr.  Beaafoy 
bat  that  the 
by  Mr.  Hoblrr 
aeif,  aad  at  the 
waa  parcaaaed  by  Mr. 
aealed  to  the  City,t  ia 
p.  xJL  as  a  note  to  the 
WHfia'a  cabinet  of  tohcos, 
belbrc  1745  to  the  University  of  Oxford 
emilBiaed  above  twelve  handred  paeees, 
coaipriaing  spedmcns  froHi  all  parta  of 
Easjaad,  it  is  remarked  that "  The  Beaalbj 
cabinet  is  of  the  saaae  ezteat,  bat  solefy  of 
the  metropolis,  a  task  of  mach  iiialu 
diftcalty ;"  and  agam  (p.  xKiLy  tint 
"  Wfmit  from  the  great  natiooal  ooQeetioa 
ia  die  Britiah  Mnseam«  the  Beaafoy  cabi- 
aet  haa  no  rival,  either  ia  ezteat,  or  la 
the  sarpaasing  interest  of  asany  of  ti^ 
traders'  aad  tavern  tokeaa." 

Still,  it  is  as  weU  it  should  be  kaowa 
that  the  ocrflection  is  by  ao  meaas  oooaplcCe, 
ia  order  that  the  friends  of  the  Corpora- 
tioa  may  not  withhold  saeh  cootribatioBa 
as  amy  tend  to  make  it  so.     Mr.  Akcr- 
man's   Catalogue  of  the   aame  daaa   of 
Tokens  current  in  London  from  1648  to 
1672,  amounts  in  number  to  S,461.     Hie 
total  number  of  pieoea  in  the  present  Ca- 
takigue  is  1,175;  that  is,  not  quite  one 
half  of  those  that  are  known.     In  other 
req>ects  Mr.  Bum's  book  is  all  that  coald 
be  desired  upon    such  a  subject.     The 
introdoctioD  is  a  complete  review  of  the 
smaller  currency  of  the  country,  down  to 
the  time  when    the   royal  mintage   was 
authoriutively     re-establiahed    in    1674. 
The  Catalogue  itaelf  is  enlivened  with  a 
variety  of  interesting  topographical  notes, 
anecdotes,  both  personal  and  local,  par- 
ticularly of  inns  and  taverns,  and  antiqua- 
rian and  literary  memoranda  suggested  by 
the  signs  and  devices  of  the  traders,  or  the 
allusions  contained  in  tbdr  mottoes  and 
legends. 

Mr.  Bum's  accounts  of  the  Boar's  Head 
in  Eastcheap  (p.  64),  the  Devil  tavcn  at 
Temple  Bar  (which  is  illustrated  by  a  view 
thereof),  and  the  recently  demolished 
Gerard's  Hall,  (p.  17,  and  additions  in  p. 
215,)  are  good  examples  of  his  topographi- 

t  Mr.  Beaufoy's  public  spirit  was  other- 
wise manifested  by  bis  benefactions  to  the 
City  of  London  School,  and  to  the  parish 
of  Lambeth,  where  the  Ragged  Schools 
were  established  chiefly  by  his  bounty.  He 
diedin  July  1851. 


MUeellaneov*  Rteietei. 


f  li  Belle  0 


that  tbe  figure  of  the  gigaatic  porter  at 
Gerard'*  Hall,  baling  been  repaired  nith 
aTieiTpiuroM«gt(at  acoit  oflenguineai), 
is  rc-erectedooMr.  YonQghaabaDd'i  pre- 
miMta  in  Buing-laae.  So.  again,  bis  ootes 
on  Exetir  Change  io  the  Slraad  are 
■cniceable  towirda  the  hiitory  of  that 
■truct ore,— once  the  town  miaBion  of  the 
greBt  Lord  Burghlej  and  his  dMcendnnts 
the  Esrli  of  Enettr.  He  slatra  that  on 
it!  deinaiilion  in  )S99  he  obisened,  cut  in 
Ihe  stooe  architraie  above  the  window  at 
the  east  end,  the  inscriptino  exetkr 
'cBANOB  1S7G,  a  date  much  earlier  than 
baa  been  genera  II j  mppoied  Tar  the 
adaptation  of  the  huildiiig  to  Buch  a  pnr- 
poie.  It  ia  remarlable  that  the  other 
braoeb  of  the  Cecilia  hid.  nearlj  aeieatj 
years  before.  eatibllBhed.  on  the  oppoajte 
aide  of  tbe  Strand,  "  llie  Nen  Exchange." 
□therwiae  called  Brlluin'a  Bourse,  which 
wu  erected  b;  Che  Lord  Treaiorer  Salia- 
bury  in  IGOa. 

The  takenB  are  records  of  many  u  loca- 
lity in  the  metropolis  whose  name  has  now 
diuppeared.  ai  Petty  France  in  Bishops- 
gate,  D01C  New  Broad  Street;  Petty  Prance 
in  WeBtminiter,  now  Yort  Slreel;  Shire 
Lane  by  Temple-bar.  now  Lower  Setle'a 
Place  ;  Round -con  rt  over  againil  tbe  New 
Eiafaangein  tbe  Stnnd.  now  covered  by  the 
Charing  Cross  Hoipilal,  and  many  more. 
laothercaieBtbeyshowtheoldorthography, 
Rolherhilhe  ia  Redriff  in  aixWen  instances, 
■ud  ODlyin  Doe  "  Rothorith  ItitiS."  Grace- 
cborch  Street  is  in  two  cdb»  Gracious 
Street, — thai  name  and  the  present  being 
equally  discordant  from  the  ' 
mologjr,  which  : 

For  the  "  heraldry,"  as  we  may  call  it, 
of  the  snoient  signs  of  shops  and  inns, 
this  is  a  book  in  which  the  curioos  may 
re*e)  la  their  heart's  content. 

One  of  Ihe  signs  of  Inns  which  suggcsls 
a  long  discDision  is  Ihe  Belle  Sauvage  on 
Ludgate  Hill.    After  nolictug  Mr.  Douce' 

"  Sibely  savage, 
Queen  of  Sbeba 
and  Peggc's  asaerlioa  thai  a  friend  of  bis 
had  seen  a  lease  Io  one  Isabella  Savage — 
a  fact  which  Douce  pmumed  to  doubt : — 
Mr.  Bam  add).  "  but  a  deed,  enrolled  on 
tbe  Close  roll  of  1453,  certifies  the  bet, 
and  places  tbe  point  in  dispute  beyond  all 
doubt.  By  IbaC  deed,  dated  at  London, 
Feb.  b,  31  Hen.  Vl.  John  Frensb.  eldest 
SOD  of  John  Prenahi  late  citisen  and  gold- 
amich  of  London. confirmed  to  Joan  Frensh, 
is  mother,  '  lolum  ten'  sive  hos- 
piciam  cum  tuis  pcrtin'  vorat'   Sa>a|et 


e  from  a  mstket  for 


ir-retched   derivation  from 


tennncBB.   called  Savage's   inn,  otherwiaa    I 
called  the  Bell  on  the  Hoop,  in  the  pariik    ' 
of  St  Bridget  in  Fleet  Street.  London,  to    I 
have  and  to  hold  the  same  for  term  of  her 
life,  without  impeachment  of  waste.    Tbe 
lease  to  lasbella  Savsge  must  Cberefara 
have  been  anterior  in  date."   But  this  last 
conclusion  does  not  follow,  unless  the  ex- 
istence of  BDch  ■  lease  is  first  proved  i  and 
to  our  luind  the  record  now  quoted  folly 
jnstifieB  Mr.  Douee'j  scepticism.   It  afford* 
proof  for  the  name  of  Savage,  but  none 
for  that  of  Isabella :  and  the  presumption 
is  rather  that  llie  latter  is  altogether  im*' 
ginary,  when  we  find  that  the  real  sign  of  ■ 
the  inn  was  "  tbe  Bell,''  placed  on  a  hoop^l 
as  was  the  case  with  many  other  Bignfc^ 
To  this  the  owner's  name  (Savage)  mwl 
added,  in   order   to    distinguish    it   friM.  f 
Other  inns  of  that  somewhat  common  aii 
"  La  Belle  Sauvage  "  ia  in  fact  an  inBtii 
of  overslraioed  ingenuity,   of  tbe  sa 
kind  sa   "  Mary   la  bonne."  where   tb*  S 
true  derivation  is  Mary  le   boun 
there  is  good  reason  Io  believe  that  thmM 
explanation  of  The  Swan  with  Two  Neck%:^ 
as  the  Swan  with  Iwa  niclii  on  his  bill,  b 
another  fanciful  conceit  of  the  same  pa- 
dantic  complexion.    The  Swan  of  Bohno 
was  generslly  drawn   with  a  collar  and 
cbiio,  and  it  is  not  aC  all  improbsble  that 
the  second  ticck  may  have  arisen  from  tha 
popular    misinterpretalion    of    soma   ilU 
painted  sign  in  which  the  chain  aasumed 
that  appearance.    Mr.  Burn  correcti  a  mis- 
apprehension of  Mr.  Akcrmao.  who  sup- 
posed that  the  tokeo  of  one  Henry  Yonng 
of  Lndgate  Hill,  which  represents  a  naked 
female  holding  a  how  and  arrow,  was  isiued 
from  (he  ileile  Sanvage.  Henry  Young  wt« 
a  distiller.  a<>  is  shown  by  another  of  bla 
tokens,  when  he  lived  near  Bedlam  Gate 
in  Moor  Fields,  and  the  Indian  woman  on 
his  token— supposed  to  be  the  Belle  Sau- 
vage— is  one  of  the  suppoiten  of  the  Dis- 
tillers' arms. 

Mr.  Bnm  tells  ns  that  tokens  issued  by 
booksellers  arc  of  the  utmost  rarity  ;  but 
there  is  one  slrouk  for  Charles  Tyns,  dwell- 
ing in  lt;60  at  the  Three  Bibles  on  I^ndon 
Bridge.      His  sign  was  taken  from  (he  at>- J 
morial  coat  of  the  Stationers'  Companfff 
and  Ihe  aame  was  atill  eiisling  on  the 
ID  l7S-l,«hen  "the  right  sort  of  theBj 
of  Chili"  was  "  to  hebsd  of  Henry Tru 
■t  the  Tlireo  Bibles  oa  London  Bridge,  i 
Is.  6d.  a  bottle,  where  it  bath  been  sc' 
these  forty  yeera."    All  persons  were  ft 
Iher  desired  "  to  beware  of  a  pretended  ^ 
Balsam  of  Chili,  which  for  about  these 
seven  years  last  past  hitb  been  sold  and 
conlinuea  to  be  sold  by  Mr.  John  Stuart. 
at  the  Old  Thru  Biilf,  at  he  calls  then, 


488 


Unteeilaneout  Retiews. 


[Nov. 


aHhotigb  mine  was  the  sign  of  the  Three 
Bibles  twenty  years  before  his." 

There  are  other  notes  which  contain  good 
proof  of  Mr.  Barn's  historical  reading, 
and  of  the  acateness  with  which  he  can 
tarn  it  to  account.  With  one  of  these  we 
shall  now  conclude.  After  describing  the 
token  of  John  Hatten  at  the  Three  Feathers 
in  Russell-street,  Covent  Garden,  he  re- 
marks :  **  Evelyn,  in  the  year  preceding 
the  Restoration,  resided  with  his  family  in 
tills  house.  In  his  Diary,  apparently  an 
after  eompilation,  he  says,  under  the  date 
Oet.  18th,  1659,  *l  came  with  my  wife 
md  family  to  London,  and  tooke  lodgings 
•t  the  Three  Feathers  in  Russell. street, 
CoTent  Garden,  for  nil  the  winter :  my 
ton  being  very  unwell.'  The  fact  does  not 
transpire  in  this  memorandum,  but  Etc- 
lya*s  business  was  to  render  nil  possible 
M,  by  correspondence,  to  the  restoration 
of  monarchy,  of  which  he  was  a  secret 
agent.  He  was  residing  here  in  May  1660, 
and  on  the  29th  of  that  month  he  walked 
hence  into  the  Strand,  and  witnessed  the 
aooomplishment  of  his  hopes,  the  cavalcade 
that  accompanied  Charles  the  Second  on 
hit  advancement  to  the  throne,  and  occu- 
pied from  two  till  nine  p.m.  in  passing.'* 

'Lettertfrom  Egypt,  Ethiopia,  and  the 
Penimnla  of  Sinai.  Bp  Dr.  Richard 
Lepsius.  With  Exiractt  Jrom  hit  Chro" 
tuohgy  of  the  Egyptiant,  with  rtference  to 
the  Exodus  of  the  Itraelitet,  Revised  by 
th9  Author,  Tranalated  by  Leonora  and 
Joanna  B.  Homer.  890.  {Bohn'e  Anti- 
qnarian  Library,)  1853. — It  is  not  neoet- 
aary  for  us  to  introduce  the  name  of  Dr. 
Lepsius  to  our  readers.  He  has  been 
often  mentioned  in  our  pages  with  due 
reipect,  and  is  known  throughout  the 
dvilised  world  as  the  head  of  the  scientific 
expedition  sent  by  the  late  King  of  Prussia 
to  Egypt  He  is  also  the  author,  amongst 
otherthings,of  the  great  work  on  the  monu- 
ments of  Egypt  and  Ethiopia,  in  which 
the  very  important  results  of  that  expe- 
dition are  given  to  the  world  with  a  mag- 
nifleence  truly  royal.  The  present  tolume 
cotisists  principally  of  letters  which  Dr. 
Lepsius  wrote  home  during  bis  absence 
on  bis  Egyptian  expedition,  taking  up  the 
narrative  of  his  adventures  on  board  the 
Oriental  steamer  in  which  he  embarked 
fh>m  Southampton  on  his  way  to  Alex- 
andria, and  continuing  it  until  his  return 
to  Beyrout  from  an  excursion  to  Mount 
Lebanon. 

The  letters  are  replete  with  life  and 
spirit,  occasionally  diverging  into  grave 
matters  connected  with  the  main  business 
before  the  writer,  but  principally  filled 
with  information  as  to  the  course  of  his 

^fels,  explanations  of  the  nuumen  and 
7 


customs  of  the  various  people  amongst 
whom  he  was  thrown,  and  descriptions  of 
the  natural  objects  and  incidents  which  he 
met  with  on  his  way.  The  writer  is  an 
acute  and  accurate  observer ;  his  style  is 
free  and  vigorous ;  and  although  he  is  not 
a  bishop,  and  therefore  not  an  exertion 
to  the  general  rule  of  suffering  by  trans- 
lation, the  ladies  who  have  here  introduced 
him  to  the  English  reader  have,  speaking 
generally,  made  him  both  understood  and 
agreeable. 

The  greater  part  of  his  course  lay 
through  lands  which  have  of  late  been 
well  trodden  by  English  feet,  and  fre- 
quently described  by  English  pens,  but 
even  familiar  subjects  acquire  new  interest 
from  the  vigorous  way  in  which  they  are 
described  by  Dr.  Lepsius.  We  will  give 
a  few  examples.  The  following  is  an 
account  of  the  dancing  of  the  dervishes  at 
Cairo  on  the  festival  of  the  birth-day  of 
the  prophet : — 

"The  principal  actors  in  it  [the  fbs* 
tival]  are  dervishes,  who  spend  the  day  in 
processions,  and  perform  their  horribly 
ecstatic  dances,  called  tikre^  in  the  evening 
in  tents  illuminated  by  coloured  lampi, 
which  are  erected  in  the  avenues  of  the 
Bxbekieh.  Between  thirty  and  forty  of 
this  religious  sect  place  themselves  in  a 
circle,  and  keeping  time  begin,  first  slowly, 
then  gradually  more  vehemently,  to  throw 
the  upper  part  of  their  bodies,  which  are 
naked,  backwards  and  forwards  into  the 
most  violent  distortions,  like  people  who 
are  possessed.  At  the  same  time  they 
ejaculate  in  u  rhythm,  with  a  loud  scream- 
ing voice,  their  prophet's  saying.  La 
Ilaha.  ill'  Allah,  ''There  is  no  God 
but  Allah,'"  which,  gradually  stammered 
out  lower  and  more  feebly.  Is  finally  almost 
rattled  in  the  throat,  till  at  length,  their 
strength  being  entirely  exhausted,  some 
fall  down,  others  withdraw  reeling,  and 
the  broken  circle  is,  after  a  short  pause, 
replaced  by  another." 

The  close  of  this  birth -day  festival, 
whidi  lasts  nine  days,  is  accompanied  by 
a  peculiar  ceremony,  called  Doskh,  "  The 
Trampling,''  which  Dr.  Lepsius  thus  de- 
scribes : — 

*'  The  sheikh  of  the  Saadieh  dervishes 
rides  to  the  chief  sheikh  of  all  the  der- 
vishes in  Egypt,  El  BekrI.  On  the  way 
thither,  a  great  number  of  these  holy 
people,  and  others,  who  do  not  consider 
themselves  inferior  to  them  in  piety,  throw 
themselves  flat  on  the  ground,  face  down- 
wards, and  in  such  manner  that  the  feet 
of  one  always  lie  close  to  the  head  of 
another.  The  sheikh  then  rides  over  this 
living  carpet  of  human  bodies,  and  his 
hone  is  obliged  to  be  led  on  each  side  by 
a  iervant,  to  compel   it    to  make  tiiia 


march,  nnnatural  even  to  the  Bniniiil. 
Bach  body  rcceivea  lira  treaili  rroin  the 
hone ;  the  gruter  Dumber  spring  ap 
•gUD  nnhurl,  but  whosver  come*  awa; 
leriooiljr,  or,  at  lometiiDei  occurs,  mar- 
tall]'  JDJuied,  has  beside*,  this  ctiigmce, 
that  it  ii  beliered  that  on  the  prev[DUS  daj 
he  bad  eilbar  misniideratood  or  neglected 
to  IB.J  the  proper  praters  and  charm  Tor- 
nuUriei,    irbich    were    alone   ta    protvot 

Tha  (otlowiDg  is  Dr.  Lepsios's  viplaiia- 
tionof  the  origin  of  our  word  "Cairo." — 

"  Whm  we  aaj  ■  Cairo,'  and  the  French 
*  La  Caire,'  it  proeecdt  from  a  pure  error 
in  language.  The  tonn  i»  neter  called 
anything  hj  the  Arobi  now  but  Masr, 
and  the  country  (he  laine  ;  that  la  the  old 
Semitic  name,  which  is  more  easily  pro- 
nounced by  ua  in  the  dual  termination 
Miaraim.     It  rag  only  in  the  te[>tb  cen- 


ElQa.hikei: 

wai  diiHngiiished  from  (bs  earlier  Ma«h 
Eb  Ariain,  (be  pretent  old  Cairo.  The 
IttliaDS  tlim  omitted  the  iiiwbiohthej 
could  not  pronoaacc;  mistook  the  Arabic 
article  il  for  (heir  masculine  IL.  and 
thua  by  ita  termination  also  stamped  Jie 
whole  word  as  masculine." 

A  mistake  of  au  elder  people  a  even 
more  ourtom  : — 

"The  temple  of  Eotv  ia  alio  bidoui; 
thoH  which  are  in  best  presenatlaD  i  it 
waa  dedicated  to  Korus  and  to  Hatbor, 
the  Egyptinn  Venus,  utia  ie  here  in  one 
'  !   Queen   of   Men   and 


Horn 


child,   I 


■ented  naked,  as  are  all  children  on  the 
montiiDente,  and  with  his  linger  to  bli 
mouth.  1  had  befure  ex)>laineil  the  name 
of  ilAnrosaitTEs  from  it,  which  now  I 
have  found  reprcientcd  and  written  here 
complete a9lUB-FE-Cii>0Ti,i.#.  '  lloros 
the  child.'  The  Romans  misondenlood 
the  Eryptiaa  gesture  of  the  linger,  and 
out  of  the  child,  who  cannot  yet  speak, 
Ibey  made.the  Ood  of  SileoL-B,  who  will 

Sereral  aceoanta  are  given  of  fnnerali, 
with  their  hired  moumFrs  and  tieeni,  the 
atiewlog  aihes  upon  (be  head,  and  the 
BOlemn  dancing  ;  but  the  rallowiiig,  which 
relatea  to  Ethiopia,  ia  eicn  morecnrioui: — 

"  Oiinan  Be;r  bai  only  lately,  he  aiaurea 
me  bimaelf,  aGotiihFd  ibe  custom  there 
of  barying  old  people  alive,  when  they 
become  feeble.  A  pit  used  to  be  dug,  and 
a  horiionlal  passage  at  the  end  of  it,  and 
the  body  laid  within,  like  that  of  a  dead 
person,  firmly  swathed  in  cloths-,  by  hit 
aide  tbey  placed  a  bowl  with  meriasa,  fer- 
mented Ourra  water,  a  pipe,  and  a  hoe  to 
cultivate  the  laud  ;  also,  according  to  the 

Obmt.  Mae.  Vol.  XL. 


wealth  of  the  individual,  one  or  tn 


hich  flows  between  heaven  and  bell.  The 
entrance  is  then  tilled  ap  with  rubbish. 
Indeed,  according  to  Daman,  Ibe  whole 
legend  of  Cbarou,  even  with  a  Cerbenu, 
appears  still  to  eiist  here. 

"This  custom  of  burying  old  people 
alive  aleu  existi,  as  I  afterwards  heard, 
among  the  negro  tribes  to  the  south  o( 
Kordafan.     Invalids  and  cripples,  II 
especially  who  have  an  infectious  malady,   ' 
an  there  alto  put  to  death  in  a  similar  'I 
manner.  The  family  compUini  to  the  licit   ] 
man,  that  because  of  him  no  one  win 
come  near  them  any  longer  ;  that  he  bim- 
aelf ia  wretched,  and  death   would  be  ■ 
gain  for  bim,  that  he  would  again  find  hJa  '1 
relatioDS  in  the  other  world,  and  wonld  be  J 
in  health   and   happioeia  (here.      Thef  J 
charge  bim  with  kind  messages  to  all  tl»''i 
deceased,  and  then  bury   him,  either  ar 
they  do  in  FiEoql,  or  standing  upright  in 
a  pit.     Bcaides  meriasa,  bread,  a  hoc,  and 
a  pipe,  he  is  then  given  a  iword  and  two 
pair  of  saudala,  for  the  deceased  live  iB 
the  other  world  just  oi  Ihey  do  here  en 
earth,  only  in  greater  happiness." 

These  eilracti  auSiciently  thnw  the  j 
nature  of  the  book,  which  will  be  o 
(he  mint  popular  uF  the  series  to  which  It  J 
hclongt.  I 

Scetiri  in  olier  Landt,  lelth  Heir  Ai- 
taeiadimi.     By  John  Stoughton.      I2me. 
— Wlien  we  made  the  remarks  in  our  laat 
Number  upon  what  we  deemed  the  da- 
licicuciea  of  an  attempt  there  noticed  to 
delineate  "  the  Greit  Citiei  of  the  Middle 
Ages,''  we  little  txpectsd  that  we  ahonld 
so  Boon  be  gralitied  by  (he  ieoii  idtal  of 
our  imaginings.   Mr.  Slonghton  is  a  truljr 
eloquent  writer,  as  he  has  heretofore  ahowa    ' 
himself  ia  bis  "Spiritual  Heroes"  and   i 
many  other  hooks.     Me  bai  alan  already  ^ 
eihibiled  the  skill  of  his  historical  pi 
depicting  London  andWindHir,escb"intba'4 
olden  time,"  of  the  former  of  which  ea     ,. 
''even  thoasaod  have  been  printed.     Tba  '1 
present  tolume,  he  inform!  us,  is  formed  ^ 
upon  the  recollectioni  of  several  foreigii 
tours;  and  its  matcriala  are  not  the  oi^ 
dinsry  dctailfi  of  personal  adventure,  nor 
those  crude  obtervations  on  modrrn  po- 
litics or  manncra  io  which  traneUers  too 
often  mdolge  with  greater  flippancy  than 
discrimination,   upon    imperfect  itiforma- 
tion  and  miltaken  conceptions  ;  but  they 
consist  rather  of  the  author's  reflectlona 


■npon 


past  iu  history  and 
biography,  ai  connected  with  both."  It 
has  been  his  practice  to  prepare  himself 
for  visitini;  new  plaoea  Yij  uitorical  read* 


490 


Miicellaneoui  Reviews. 


[Nov. 


Ing,  uiul  thereby  to  conjure  up  to  his 
fancy  the  past  as  well  as  the  present  aspect 
of  each  interesting  scene.  Thus,  the  dty 
of  Basle  is  contemplated  in  connection 
with  its  Council ;  Zurich  in  connection 
with  Zuingle  and  his  brethren  of  the  Re- 
formation ;  and  Berne  with  the  educational 
efforts  of  De  Fellenberg.  At  Milan  tho 
author  does  justice  to  the  virtues  of  *^  three 
worthies  '*  of  the  elder  Church,  Am- 
brose, Augustine,  and  Borromeo ;  and  at 
Geneva  he  traces  many  '*  footprints  of 
piety  and  genius /*  The  following  closing 
reflections  at  that  pi  nee  arc  chnracteristic 
of  the  religious  spirit  which  pervades  the 
book:  "Both  Voltaire  and  Rousseau 
awaken  sad  rccollectionR,  which  all  their 
genius  and  eloquence  fail  to  brighten. 
Tho^e  who  spent  their  lives  in  assailing  or 
undermining  Christianity  have  no  claim  to 
eou)placent  regard.  Yet,  both  in  Paris 
and  Geneva,  such  men  are  held  up  to 
admiration,  while  the  true  benefactors  of 

their  race  are  forgotten It  is  also 

a  subject  of  pain  that  in  Geneva  the  evan- 
gelictd  doctrin&i  of  the  Reformation  should 
have  been  long  almost  ignored ;  that  ra- 
tionalism should  have  been  allowed  to 
supersede  the  peculiar  teaching  of  divine 
revelation.  But  it  is  a  relief  to  know,  that 
Providence  has  of  late  years  raised  up 
bold  and  enlightened  standard-bearers  of 
the  truth  in  the  city  of  Calvin  and  Knox. 
And  perhaps  here  I  may  add,  by  the  way, 
on  the  authority  of  a  friend,  an  eminent 
Prussian  minister,  that  rationalism  is  on 
the  wane  in  Germany  ;  that  in  the  Re- 
formed Chun  h,  among  the  rising  ministry, 
there  is  scarcely  a  man  who  entertains 
opinions  so  rife  thirty  years  ago ;  and  that 
the  chief  danger  at  the  present  time  in  the 
Lutheran  communion  is  the  revival  of  a 
love  of  ceremonial  pomp,  and  a  looking 
back  to  the  mediaeval  Church.'* 

There  is  scarcely  a  chapter  throughout 
the  book  which  will  not  gratify  that  his- 
torical spirit  which  delights  in  endeavour- 
ing to  realise  the  scenery  of  other  ages. 
But  the  chapter  in  particular  which  puts 
to  shame  the  abortive  attempt  to  which 
we  have  before  alluded,  is  that  which  is 
entitled  "  Verona,  Padua,  and  Medieeval 
Times."  Of  this  we  must  present  our 
readers  with  a  taste. 

**  The  streets  of  Verona  !  There  they 
arc.  The  houses  adorned  with  relievos 
and  statues  ;  the  forked  turrets  occurring 
everywhere  ;  corbels  and  frescoes  peering 
and  unfolding  without  end ;  chimneys 
mounting  up  like  castellated  towers, 
and  pointed  ogive  windows,  seeming  as  if 
made  to  conceal  and  not  give  light.  These 
long,  narrow,  straggling  thoroughfares, — 
in  some  parts  so  very  quiet,  bright,  and 
hot, — are  but  laxily  ekili?ened  by  a  priest 


or  a  monk,  a  nun,  or  a  veiled  don&a,  like  a 
resurrection  from  the  tombs  of  the  Capu- 
lets!  And  there  are  the  bridges,  long 
and  heavy,  looking  as  though  they  found 
it  hard  work,  even  with  their  ponderous 
limbs,  to  keep  their  standing  Arm,  while 
the  flood  of  the  Adige  forces  itself  under 
the  low  arches.  And  there  lies  a  gahlen 
full  of  tall  trees,  some  of  Cyprus,  widi  very ' 
formal  walks,  and  great  stiff  flower-beds 
with  white  statues  peeping  out  amidst  the 
green  foliage,  and  terraces  and  marble 
steps,  with  a  summer-house  built  St  the 
top :  the  whole  very  un-English,  but  very 
Italian  ;  that  is  to  say,  old  Italian,  just 
such  as  Romeo  and  Juliet  might  have 
walked  and  talked  in. 

**  And  the  streets  of  Padua !  They  are 
different  and  inferior  as  to  the  general 
impression  they  produce;  yet  they  are 
mediaeval  under  another  aspect.  The  lobg 
colonnades,  very  cumbrous,  and  only  plea- 
sant because  of  the  shade  they  afford ;  the 
un windowed  shops  beneath,  the  bazaar- 
like  arrangement  of  the  goods*  and  some 
of  the  public  buildings,  particularly  the 
university  and  the  loggia  of  the  Palakzo 
della  Ragione,  or  Palace  of  Reason,  have 
something  of  nn  oriental  stamp  upon  them. 
Was  it  derived  from  the  East  through 
Venice  ?  At  any  rate,  they  reminded  me 
strongly  of  pictures  of  Constantinople  and 
Cairo. 

*•  Verona  and  Padua  are  full  of  illus- 
trations of  mediwal  Italian  art ;  the  latter 
is  associated  with  medifeval  Italian  learn- 
ing. Their  palaces  tell  of  mediaeval  Italian 
government  and  society,  and  their  streets 
of  mediieval  Italian  conflicts  and  disturb- 
ances.    *     ♦     ♦ 

"  The  Lombard  is  to  the  Gothic  in 
Italy,  what  the  Norman  is  to  the  Gothic 
in  England.  The  mediaeval  churches  io 
Verona  and  Padua  are  of  the  mixed  class, 
resemhling  in  this  respect  our  cathedrals, 
gradually  built  and  altered  between  the 
reigns  of  the  Williams  and  the  Edwards. 
No  pure  Gothic  church  is  found  in  either 
place.  The  tapering  lines,  the  idea  of  as- 
piration, the  symbolism  of  growth  and 
vital  luxuriance,  are  wanting.  Nothing 
like  Salisbury  Cathedral  is  anywhere  seen. 
The  Gothic  style,  however,  in  Italy  was 
of  English  origin,  so  Mr.  Gaily  Knight 
maintains,  and  with  abundant  proof,  ^e 
church  of  San  Andria,  at  Vercelli,  is  a 
translation  from  ourselves  ;  but  it  has 
*  somewhat  of  a  foreign  accent.*  The 
legate  Cardinal  Wala,  who  figures  in 
English  history  in  the  pages  of  Matthew 
Paris,  was  the  founder  of  it,  and  took  his 
ideas  from  our  island  homes.  Yet,  through 
the  influence  of  classical  ast^ociation,  adds 
Mr.  K.,  *  the  Gothic  style  in  Italy  be- 
came and  remained  widely  different  from 


1853.] 


MitctUanemu  Rmiewi. 


tlwtoftbeNtHtli;'  and  Other  uaocuCioiu, 
«B  majr  add.  tbe  teoicinui  Ioto  of  Hie  olJ 
Laiobirdif  funni  of  arc  eipei^mllj,  can> 
ttibuted  to  die  modificatioa.  Pfcliapa  il 
would  be  correct  to  aaj.  i/  we  ma;  epeak 
in  ■  Sfure,  that  Gothic  did  not  take  root 
OQ  the  Icalian  loil,  ttkaC  it  wu  oaXj  a  Kraft 
on  the  Lomburd  stock,  aod  thit.  ere  it 
fielded  its  proper  fruit,  the  reiivol  of 
cUaaic  art  amothered  and  killed  it.    *    ' 

"  But  I  niuit  lenninate  these  notices 
of  art  bj  limply  observing  that  tlie  me- 
disral  aoulplures  in  Veruoa  and  Pndua, 
with  a  few  eicepCioDS,  big  unequal  to  llie 
tnedicTal  archilectoro  and  painting,  that 
tbe  itainiDg  of  windows  was  little  prsc- 
tiaed,  and  that  Ibe  manufacture  of  aepul- 
chnl  brasses  was  not  ioduded  among  the 
Italian  brancUei  of  arc.  Before,  however, 
we  eotireij  ttate  tbeae  notices,  it  may  be 
ob)erred  that  many  ipecimens  of  medinal 
art  in  Italy  and  elsewhere  have  a  theo- 
logical ai  well  at  an  (esthetic  interest, 
(brmin;  aa  Ibey  Jo.  especially  in  their 
pictorial  and  acnlplured  forms,  so  many 
|iopDtar  eipoaitiona  of  the  religious  sen- 
IJmeota  of  the  age.  In  llie  carted  repre- 
aentationa  of  tbe  Almighty,  for  eiample, 
we  inaT  obafrre  how  much  of  antbrapo- 
(Dorplusm  (bcTO  must  haTe  been  id  the 
■nediapval  Church,  from  painting*  por> 
trajiug  the  gluriBed  Christ  with  a  atern 
countenance,  and  the  Virgin  with  a  com- 
PWrioaate  eipreuioa,  and  iu  au  inter- 
OBSSory  tltitude.  we  maat  conclude  that 
the  Molber  had  taken  the  mediatorial 
pUoB  of  the  Son,  while  the  idea  of  juitice 
in  the  ditinc  nature  had  sunk  into  that  of 
vengeance,  to  (he  eitinguiihrncot  of  loie. 
KnA  *t*'o,  ftam  pictures  ^nd  tculptnrea 
of  (he  Lot  Judgment,  we  may  gather  bu» 
groaa  were  the  conceptions  of  that  awful 
erfot.  and  of  the  dotioiea  dependent  Dn 
th?  fiutl  di«ine  dedsioa." 

Chfthire  :  Ui  Hutorieat  and  Literary 
AsKK'^lion*.  itlmlmled  it  a  tirirt  hf  Bin- 
grtplaeal  SieUktM.  B9  T.  WorthingCon 
lUrlow,  Btq.  P.L.S.  tnd  qf  tkt  Hon.  So- 
eitfir  ?/■  Cray'*  /"■■  8m.  pf.  190.— 
Tbia  work  coniiiti  of  biograpbiea  of  tbe 
wonbict  of  Cbeabire,  written  in  an  tay 
familiar  stjle,  but  without  much  show  of 
retearcb  or  noielty  of  information.  Tbe 
anthor  baa  not  attctupled  any  clasaificalioo 
or  nther  arrangemeot,  but  cbaracteri  of  all 
daacriplloi 


be  deemed  the  ipecial  judgmeola  and  mw 
ciea  of  Di?ine  ProTideDce.     It  has  bent 
once  printed  before,  at  the  end  of  a  Cbestn  J 
ediliou  of  King's  Vale  Royal,  now  r«re^  1 


Pfoi.  I 


— ThU  i! 


tnllytn 


perhaps  inch  as  arises  from  propinquity  of 
local  asaooiatioD.  Tbe  last  forty  pigea 
are  occupied  by  a  repriot  of  Burgball's 
"  pTorideneo  Improted."  a  «ries  of  per- 
sonal  anecdote*  written  by  tbe  Puritan 
*tcar  of  Acton,  bom  lti2S  to  1663.  of  what 


odical  ibect,  commencing  in  April  ~U 
and  issued  at  firit  moatbty,  and  s^ ' 
quenlly  fortnightly,  in  order  to  fo 
receptacle  for  "'  waifs  and  strays  "  tel 
to  the  coaiilies  above  uamed.  The 
ctpal  coatenls  of  the  oumbrrs  before  g 
are,  —Brief  Nolea  of  the  Tower 
pool,  by  James  Stondiouie ;  Contributioi 
to  Ibe  hiitory  of  Wilnislow,  written  by  T" 
Samuel  Finney  about  ilie  year  ITSS  ; 
■  history  of  bis  own  family,  hj  tbe  « 
gentleman;  racb  conlinaed  through  aev 
numbers.  There  are  a  few  shortur  artielfi^l 
and  other  "scnipB  of  information,"  r^ 
thered  mostly  from  printed  books.  1 
Editoi'a  bibliograpbical  list  of  books 
latiug  to  tbe  two  coonliei  «ppe«n  to 
almost  useless,  from  want  of  arrangcmeauj 
at  leaat  until  a  second  catalogue  or  ind 
of  reference  is  auppliad.  Such  analog, 
should  elwajs  be  rajtoaiice.  Mr.  Barlin 
seems  (a  hare  tome  ihii;iga  ret  to  le 
an  antiquary  in  the  mitlar  of  Bvrangi 
and  also  in  accarale  reiiiioo  of  tbe  p 
in  order  to  avoiU  the  misprints  he  baa  an 

Afmsir  ^  Dr.  Ckaik*  Wtbtttr,  W. 
an  acrimt  -/Dr.  AlexandtT  Wtbutr.  1 
Grace  Webitcr. — 'I'his  wort  will  proT 
trial,  if  not  of  f.iilb,  of  patience.     It  ia 
a  biography,  iulricale  oad  perpleied  It 
last  degree.     It  gi'ca  scarcely  any  c-.^   ■ 
nected  ancountof  the  liieaof  (be  twn  go«^ 
men  whose  iiamea  are  put  forward  —  ''~   ' 
(tile  page,  nbile  the  reader  1 

nnecdolea    of    individuals    v< 

indeed  connected  wiib    their 

no  doubt  of  (he  noble  and  chrlalian  aplrlt  J 

of  1l.e  two  Dr.  Websten,  and  as  little  M"    ' 

we  quesli'iu  the  offcEtionale  d 

writer  to  do  justice  to  their  wn 

(beleai,  wo   ire  compelled  to  aty,  itial 

litirary  failure,  and.  m  sach.  only  tdda  t 

(be  number  of  regrettable  works,  liitce.  | 

far  from  carrying  the  reader's  ayropathT 

with  it.  It  raises  up  an  antagoniHn  alwa 

to  be  deprecated. 

Hitltire  dn  Pralttlanlt  en  Frmut, 
par  G.  de  Felice.  Hvo.  pp.  cii.  6S5. — 
The  UUIarti  11)  the  PmlrUanit  in  Aw)M. 


enteruinlj 
and  tri*U 
iry   remotely   I 


492 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Nov. 


(Bngliih  TVatulaiion  of  the  tame.)  Posi 
Bvo,  2  vols. — This  work  was  begou  some 
years  ago,  with  the  intention  of  being 
more  extensive  ;  hot  the  time  (the  author 
wrote  in  1850),  with  its  uncertainties  and 
apprehensions,  being  unfaTourable  to  long 
works,  the  author  compressed  the  subject 
within  its  present  limits.  This  change  of 
plan,  if  it  saved  some  trouble,  is  attended 
with  inconveniences,  particularly  in  the 
frequent  omission  of  references.  Those, 
too,  which  are  given  are  often  vague,  as 
when  '*  un  historien"  (p.  S83)  is  quoted 
without  being  named.  There  is  an  asser- 
tion at  p.  6  which  we  have  tried  in  vain 
to  authenticate,  that  the  *'  Hundred  griev- 
ances **  of  the  Diet  of  Nuremberg,  in 
1593,  were  signed  by  the  Papal  legate. 
He  may  have  attested  the  genuineness  of 
the  copy  transmitted,  but  this  is  only  our 
rapposition.  At  p.  570,  it  is  said  that 
Napoleon  acknowledged  the  Concordat  of 
1801  to  have  been  the  greatest  fault  of  his 
rdgn.  This  is  stated  by  more  than  one 
writer,  but  be  thought  fit  to  disavow  it  at 
St.  Helena  (Montholon,  ii.  377),  when, 
however,  his  object  was  to  justify  all  that 
he  had  done.  Sometimes  the  style  of  M. 
Felice  is  so  elliptical  as  to  become  obscure. 
Nor  is  his  language  always  accurate ;  for 
when  it  is  said  that  Rabaut-Saint-EHienne 
''peint  sous  une  forme  dramatique  lea 
■oufTrances  des  Protestants  Fran9ai8"  (p. 
556),  the  English  reader  would  hardly 
•appose  that  the  work  in  question  is  a 
tale.  It  should  have  been  said  that  the 
writer  graphically  depicted  their  suffer- 
ings, which  is  just  the  fact.  In  other  re- 
spects the  story  exhibits  the  same  bad 
taste,  in  the  choice  of  incidents,  as  dis- 
figures some  of  the  writings  of  Chateau- 
briand. 

We  must  not,  however,  be  hypercritical, 
and  therefore  hasten  to  *•*  turn  the  medal," 
and  to  say  that,  with  some  exceptions,  the 
present  work  is  one  of  the  highest  im- 
portance. It  is  finely  written ;  the  con- 
tents are  of  stirring  interest,  and  persons 
must  be  well  read  on  the  subject  already, 
if  they  are  not  often  informed  by  it.  If 
it  be  less  minute  than  Mr.  Browning's 
''  Huguenots,"  it  is  more  animated,  and 
the  two  will  advantageously  be  read  in 
connection.  The  author  is  not  deficient 
in  candour;  on  the  contrary,  he  is  far 
from  drawing  a  merely  flattering  picture, 
^e  sale  of  nearly  5,000  copies  in  two 
years,  in  a  nation  not  addicted  to  works 
of  a  pensive  character,  and  during  the  ex- 
citement of  political  changes,  affixes  the 
value  of  high  approval  to  the  original. 
Tliere  is,  indeed,  an  affected  silence  on 
some  theological  points,  which  has  rather 
told  against  it  in  this  country,  and  which 


the  author  should  have  abstained  from  an- 
nouncing, for  of  all  kinds  of  tilenee  the 
loud  (if  we  may  so  speak)  is  the  most 
offensive.  The  reader,  therefore,  must 
consider  it  purely  as  an  historical  work« 
and  as  such  it  deserves  a  wide  circulation. 
If  a  motto  were  prefixed,  this  would  have 
served  ;  "  II  y  a  du  sang  sur  cheque  nou- 
velle  page  du  Protestantisme  Fran^aii " 
(p.  457).  We  have  abstained  from  ex- 
tracts, or  they  might  have  been  numerous. 
But  even  historians  may  learn  something 
from  the  striking  way  in  which  retribu- 
tion, though  tardy,  is  implied  by  the  nar- 
rative, when  the  persecutions  of  the  French 
Protestants  became  models  for  those  in 
after  times.  For  instance,  "  La  Sorbonne 
de  1529,  avait  donn^  k  la  commune  de 
Paris  de  1793,  le  Ucbe  exemple  d'^touffsr 
sur  I'^bafaud  les  paroles  sacr^es  des 
mourants"  (p.  34).  The  translator  has 
added  a  few  notes,  and  has  been  favoured 
by  the  author  with  a  supplementary 
chapter  of  1 8  pages.  His  task  is  generally 
well  performed,  but  there  is  a  passage  at 
p.  269,  voL  i.  where  we  think  he  niissea 
the  exact  meaning.  '*  The  king  himsdf 
(Henri  IV.),  whose  tout  wae  steeped  te 
pieosures,  according  to  the  appropriate 
expression  of  a  cotemporary.*'  The  origi- 
nal is,  **Le  roi  lui-m^me,  dont  VAms 
s'iittit  detrempie  dans  les  plaisirSft^on 
fensrgittue  expression  d'un  con  tempo- 
rain  "  (p.  259).  Bnergique  means  more 
than  appropriate,  and  we  suspect  that  the 
old  writer  meant  to  say,  that  Henry's  mind 
was  unnerved  by  pleasures,  though  the 
words  will  bear  either  sense.  In  speaking 
of  Abbadie,  the  words,  *'  doyen  de  la 
paroisse  de  KiUalow  en  Irlande  "  (p.  477), 
are  rendered  "  Incumbent  of  Killaloe,  in 
Ireland"  (ii.  141).  The  fact  is,  that 
Abbadie  was  dean  of  Killaloe,  in  the 
proper  sense  of  the  word.  Sometimes 
the  demonstrative  article  is  improperly 
omitted,  as  Abbe  du  Chayla  and  Baron 
de  Breteuil.  If  the  author  means  to  in- 
clude the  chymist  Lemery  among  those 
refugees  who  died  abroad  (p.  47 1 ),  he  is 
wrong;  and  Lemery  can  scarcely  be  called 
one,  on  account  of  his  short  absence  from 
France.  But  these  are  petty  blemishes, 
which  will  not  interfere  with  the  interest 
felt  by  readers,  and  which  a  stroke  of  the 
pen  may  remove  in  the  next  edition. 

The  Lives  and  Opinions  of  eminent 
Philosophers,  by  Diogenes  Laertius. 
Translated  by  C.  D.  Yooge,  B.A.  Post 
8«o.  pp,  488.  {Bohn's  Classical  Li- 
brary), We  cannot  offer  a  juster  cha- 
racter of  this  work  than  that  which  is 
giren  by  Harles.  '*  Diogenes  Laertius 
....  oonfecit  opus  utilissimum,  in  quo 


*  Hevieif'. 


493 


it  viU,  pUcitia  ct  acul^  dictU  claroniin 
philaiopboram  libr.  x.  plur*  egrcgir  dis- 
pnMiiC  lie  leleribiu  {ihilotopliia,  nobiique 


I     Z 


It  VV,  DD.  cum  plus  studii 
sdbibuitEe  in  congereailo,  quau  judjuii 
Tel  ia  deligenda  «d  Id  digereudo,  mul- 
Usqae  fabolu  repeliiase :    nee  ejus  icri- 

(Blb.  Onecii,  p,  433-4.)  As  miglit  ba  ex- 
pected, it  ii  tbe  Btorehouie  of  writers  on 
the  lubject  of  pbiloaopbT  and  pliUoso- 
pbers.  Slaolef,  in  bis  elabarnte  ''  llis- 
torj  of  Philasapbf,"  has  iDtraduced  all 
the  raluible  iDfarmatioD  coatained  in 
Dioeenes,  and  geuerslly  follova  the  teil. 
TcDnemaaii  alia  refers  distiocilj  to  thrs 
CoUacliaD  Knang  (be  "  Sources  de  I'Hii- 
toire  de  la  Fhilosopbie  Grecque."  (Cou- 
no'a  Tninilation,  i.  82.) 

Mr.  Yonge  hai  followed  the  text  of 
Hnebner  (Leipsic,  182S).  Tbe  Notei, 
tbougb  not  DaiDeroui,  are  pertinent.  He 
does  not  disseoible,  froni  OTer-pirCialitf, 
tbe  raulls  of  his  autbor,  wboae  work  is 
considered  bjr  tome  critics  to  be  mere); 
■  matilated  abridgment  of  (he  origiasL 
At  tbe  Treatise  on  the  Litei  and  Manners 
of  the  FhiloEophen  in  the  thirteenth  cen- 
torj,  bji  Bres!«ui,  contains  man;  other 
anecdotes  and  BBfingB.  apparently  quoted 
Ironi  DioKenes,  Schneider  lupptMes  that 
be  bad  ■  completer  copj-  (ban  an;  that 
bu  reacbed  ub.  The  entire  tenth 
book  is  devoted  to  Epieunu,  whence  it 
is  BDriuised  that  the  writer  belonged  to 
thst  fchool,  but  as  Tenuemann  conaidera 
"««ni  motifs  infflsans."  (p.  245.)  Tbia 
portion  of  tbe  work  has  been  leparatclj 
edited  by  NQmberger  (Uitl),  and  com- 
mented upon  b;  Gassendi.  The  tened  of 
Epicurus  have  eipoied  him  to  the  charge 
of  atheism,  hut  Tennemin  obsenea,  "  il 
eat  plus  exact  da  reconnuttre  en  lui  nn 
Ib^iMe  inconB^quent."  {p.  307.)  Ci- 
cero uji,  that  some  considered  "  Epi- 
eorum,  ne  in  otfensionem  Atheniensium 
caderet,  Tetbii  reliqaiiie  deoi,  re  tustn- 
liue."  (De  Natura  Deorum,  i.  W.) 
Brucker  in  his  "Miscellanea,"  I74B,  p. 
301-4,  offers  a  conjecture,  that  the  apo- 
ciTphai  "  Wisdom  of  Solomon"  was 
pattlj  directed  sgainat  the  Epicnreana. 
Montesquieu  reckana  Ibst  lecl  smong  the 
caasea  ofthe  corrDption  of  tbe  Romuii. 
(Oranilenr,  &c.  c.  x.)  One  of  ita  Harmest 
putJuns  was  Menander,  who  eompim 
Epienroa  toThemiatocles,  oa  adeliiererof 
hia  country,  hecsuae  tlie  fsrher  nf  each 
was  called  Neocles.  (Burges*  Autholo- 
gla,  p.  10.)  Bui  we  are  deTisling  into  an 
esnf  OB  the  controTcrled  ajstetn  of  Epi- 
curaa,  ud  must  forbear,  or  it  will  lead 
ui  bejnad  the  render's  patience. 


"°°¥^l 


TatgleiBoad  Talei.  By  Nathaniel  Haw- 

Chralie  Juhnion.    By  Charles  Reade,  ' 
author  of"  Peg  Woffington." 

Crawford.     By  thf  Autkarttt  of  " Uarw    I 
Barton"  and"  Ruth.-  ' 

These  tbiee  aeparste  volumes,  of  recent''  ] 
pubiicolion,  are  worthy  of  distinct  notte*. 
We  are  always  glad  to  welcome  a  fatcinat'  1 
ing  book,  or  a  book  of  merit  of  my  kind,  1 
which  effects  its  purpose  in  a  ittj  mode.  I 
rate  compass,  and   can  bi   made  tl 
panion  of  our  joumejings  without  i 
tuation  of  eyeiigbt  ;  for  it  muj  bo  iioted    I 
that,  as  a  nalnral  result  of  "  parlour  novel-   J 
iats"   and  "  railway    lihn 
reasonable  to  anticipate  a  much  abridged 
period  of  clear  and  strong  lision  for  Eit-   j 
gliabmen  and  women  who  indulge  i 
in  anch  recreatiie  reading.    "  Ta^ewool^  1 
Tales"    is  on   tbe   whole  ■   capital   ■         " 
olroea  of  familiar  narration,  to  an  ai 
of  children,  of  our  old  Grecian 
Happy  the  children  that  are  to  read  Or  i 
listen  to  tbeni  I     Tho  pn  " 
lial,  pictorial  style  of  rel 
moat   admirably    to    tbe    tastes    of    audi    ] 
auditors ;  and,  in  so  far  a 
coDuemed,  we  cannot  object,  but  think   1 
them  equally  juatifiableandwell-contriTed.   | 
Par  instance,  in  the  selection  here  n    ' 
it  really  does  not  appear  in  any  degre*  1 
eaaential  that    the  names  of  (he  heathen 
gods   and    goddesses   should    be    brought     , 
forward   at    all.      It  would    not    add    In' 
any   way  to  the  interest  of  tbe  sloiy  of 
Europa  to  bear  that  Jupiter  inhabited  Uia 
body  of  the    While  Bull,  nor  to  that  of 
Proserpine  that  her   mother  Cerea  was  «    i 
goddeas.     In   the  Tanglewood  Talea.  ao- 
ci>rdingly,the  ma^ic,  the  enchantments,  tha    | 
monsters,  and  protecting  spirits  r 
but  the  EBcrednesg  of  Deity  it  unimpaired. 
Tbe  pure  besiens  remain  unprofaned,  and 
yet  the  legend  is  not  falsi6ed,  except  in- 

think  could    hive  been    i>etter   managed* 
In  the  Minotaur,  for  initance,  tbe  author 
Burcly  goes  out  of  his  lawful   province 
when  be  denies  both  the  elopement  at 
Ariadne  and  her  lubsequent  desertion  bj 
TheseuB.      Would  it  not  be  the  truer  ra- 
Teronce  to  stop  short  with  the  concluaioa 
of  the  principal  enterprise,  andleiTD  anll- 
qnity  by  and  by  to  settle  nocoanta  with  At  I 
acholar,  on  those  matters  wbicb  eoufoi 
our  moral   sense  ?     A>  to  tbe  rest,  trov   ' 
indeed  it  is,  as  Mr.  Hawthorne  tays,  that 
these  old   legends  are  tbe  moil  aingnlw 
things  in  the  world,  and  that  (at  leatt  bl   j 
•cry  many  caaes)  "  their  objectionable  cha- 
rscteriBtics  seem  to  beapiraaitiCBlgrOwth." 
having  no  easeotial  connection  with  thr  - 
ginal  fable.     So  it  ia  that  tbcf  lUI  • 
and  an  ibougbt  of  no  more,  tbela 


Mucellaneotu  ti«vicwt. 


[Not. 


(he  Kl>lor  ffUi  hu  imiginatkiD  in  ifm- 
pithf  with  ^c  iDnacent  little  circle,  wboH 
wi4«-(itieD  cja  arc  filed  to  ramedlj  an 
him." 

"  Ctariatie  Jaliaion"  ku  noble  ind  ge- 
nerouf  mpaning*.  It  ia  ibout  the  freihett 
bonk  oe  hne  aeen  fcr  >  long  tine.  It 
■eekt  ■od  Andi  Uie  chief  mtterialt  of  iU 
iater£*l  in  lonlj  lihtncten,  wliile  jet  it 
does  not  <\taj  them  the  benefil  of  attittical 
and  even  lilerjrj  culture,  for  Christie 
the  Aih-wifa  ret<it  ioteutlj.  aod  loies  an 
nrtift  and  apprccialei  hit  art.  It  it  the 
■ort  of  booh  pointed  tn  bjr  the  Ule  U- 
mented  !Vlr.  Robertaon  of  Brighton.  «hea 
ID  one  of  hii  eloqneat  Icctum  he  tpeaks 
of  the  necciiitj  of  fetching  cbjeeU  of  new 
inlereat  for  Ibe  higher  elaSKi  from  the 
lower,  lodependent  abo  of  t(9  deKrip- 
ti*e  nad  namtiTC  merit*.  Christie  Jolin. 
■on  ooutaiDa  Mme  capital  hiu  agiitut 
the  Pre-Rnphaelitei  ia  jiauitiDg  tad  the 
Cwlylitet  in  UleratUfe. 

"Cranfurd,"  the  third  book  oq  oar  litt> 
if  a  republieatioa  of  luuie  continuous  nad 
coQDecicd  papen  which  hn»  appeirfd  in 
the  Houtehold  Wordi,  moit  dciericdlf 
gathered  ufi  and  preacnled  in  the  single 
ToluDie  form.  Tbejr  who  enjojr  Mrf. 
Oaikell'a  plajrul  and  delicate  wit,  and 
fetl  the  force  ol  her  patliog.  may  be  told, 
if  th«J  require  telling,  tlul  in  Craiiford 
■he  is  aa  bright  and  genial  at  eier,  and  hu 
uot  pirti'd  with  tier  imwcr  of  toudiiog  the 
beaiti  though  by  no  deep  or  tragic  (osaai. 
V«rj  unlika  Mu*  Mitfurd'i  pictnrea  of 
eounlrf-town  Kfe.  owing  natiiing  to  de- 
•criptioD,  limiting  Itielf  to  a  imall  circle 
to  a  amali  place,  omitting  even  uli- 
qnarian  attaciatioiu.  not  hinting  il  re- 
ligiout  diflereDCM,  nor  eien  romanclDg 
(bout  jiretljr  mtidcni  aiid  couutrj  iwalaa, 
it  u  wuaderful  how  the  inlerett  i*  lui- 
uioed  throngbouL  If  iiked  what  ia  the 
general  imprriitOD  left  on  the  reailer'a 
mind  rcapeding  the  authur'a  partii^uUr 
aim  (that  at  l-itt  whicli  pretided  M  • 
leading  thought  orer  bcr  whsn  writing), 
we  can  only  gite  out  own.  which  i<,  that 
it  aecmi  dongned  lo  (how— at  all  rttat* 
that  it  dan  ahow— (he  lort  of  goodnoia 
that  nax  find  •  faoiue  and  exerciw  in  out* 
watdlf  dull,  uoinlrroitine  dri'lea;  bow 
the  iRiall  ranitin.  the  ttnpid  prclenaiooa, 
tbe  fooliab  lu«c  uf  gouip,  e*D  *U  be  put 
aiid«,  latl  tbn  kiudeit  eObrti  made  to 
nurt  I  uaif  of  liardtliip  ariaing  in  iti  little 
world  :  hiiw  uunit]'  mtj  be  lighted  up, 
and  (hallow  urm  dignienl,  b;  Uio  ptCMUM 
4[  Bu  aittual  cdl  to  the  caerclae  uf  beneio- 
Itnrc.  Wa  hais  almad)'  aaid  buw  narrow 
r  Uuiti  in  which  lira.  Ow 


kvU'TI 


inner  moiementa  oF  thote  who  are  pltced 
within  re«ch  of  her  keen  and  iccDr«te  ojc. 
Perhape,  if  we  mvit  God  afaolt,  weahosU 
enter  il  as  tonetbing  a  little  nnnalutsl 
that  relijiaui  dlS'-rencci  ibonld  not  at  all 
come  into  the  charmed  circle  of  Cranford 
r^pectabilitj.  Such  *  circle,  we  tbiok, 
reaUj  could  not  eiiil  wilbont  roore  oat- 
ward  and  visible  aigni  of  a  religioui  infln- 
ence.  Sume  of  the  good  Udica,  we  Me 
eontident,  would  be  iHtebtigable  in  chunk 
obaerTBDRes;  one  or   two,  we  haie  nott 

riouflly,  we  belictc  theii  who  were  aa  go«4 
IB  Miss  bidtij  would  be  better,  and  mora 
natural  too,  if  represented  u  icehinf, 
for  the  inaiotenance  of  Ifaeir  beat  prapeo- 
Biiiea,  mote  perpetual  renewal  at  a  higher 
Bourcx  than  ia  tiuted  aL  We  mJT  (hit. 
because  it  ia  aa  idea  from  which  w»  can- 
nut  eicapo,  and  wbifb  purtuea  ut  up  ud 
down  the  bonk,  like  a  louKing  for  Bom 
light  and  shade.  With  ttit  exceplMQi 
which  cQnld  onlj  arise,  we  are  aure.  fro« 
a  drewl  of  beginning  what,  if  not  tr«tfdl 
with  eaquiiile  judguitnt,  ia  apt  to  dcgcoa- 
rvie  into  rulgar  cammon-piai:*,  w<  b*n 
none  but  delightful  aiaociatlona  with  tijn 
fnscinating  book. 

Oh  Me  Lfinta  in  Pnvtrht.  Bf  %  C. 
Trend,  B.D.  2«J  Edilk'.—Ht.TnaA 
it  Hn  stitlLor  ricbly  deiemng  of  rnjicct, 
for  the  dcTution  uf  bii  posert  to  the  aW- 
*tra  of  (bona  among  lilt  felbw-creatui«t 
who  are  too  often  put  of  with  the  m»t 
tribationa  of  cutly  inferior  minda,  Hb 
Lectom  to  Young  Mew  and  to  NatioaU 
Schoolmaalcm  are  all  well  worth  read- 
ing. That  he  bat  made  conaidenUft 
me  of  the  Ubourt  of  other  writ«ra  in  th« 
N^ool  of  pbllologif.  in  his  UctnrM  on 
Word*,  it  no  ground  (or  ceniure^  na 
f  cl  l»  franklj  a'owcdi  be  hat  aimed  aoly 
at  being  a  uieful  and  agreeable  compiler) 
and  inch  thougbtt  at  a  good  clergrmait 
loay  csrrj  on  from  a  luggetlivr  text  hata 
rnriched  and  given  an  unction  to  (ha 
whole  which  we  ihooid  bo  nrj  eonj 
to  mia*.  Oocaiionilly  Mr.  Trench  4i*- 
ccrni  more  fanciful  if  not  deeper  me*alq|s 
thau  liii  predeccHort.  Uia  i>  ilie  looral 
■od  religiout,  rather  than  the  intrllcctual, 
■tpeel  of  wnrdt,  and  we  frel  iLr  dangrt  of 
thit  praliMiionat  bla>.  Nffteitbrlrx,  lor 
the  moat  part,  what  h«  b«  dun?  ii  «(  ^a 
leaat  b'nnloa  at  tprcaktion .  and  anlabla 
and  ptwtjoal  at  theory. 

R>r  the  prVMUl  volume,  wc  beliere  It 
will  be  popular,  and,  una  more  than  lla 
predieeaagr.  drwrredly  >o.  Old  proTatte 
are  little  Ilki'ly.  in  our  hurrying  and  jM 
faatldiouf  af^e,  to  And  fitour  ^ala  aa 
maltert  of  duly  nte ;  but  all  of  n*  haig^ 


1853.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews* 


405 


associations  with  them  which  we  hold 
very  dear,  and  the  writer  who  justiAes 
our  affectionate  Attachments  to  these 
sayings  deserves  well  of  society.  They 
speak  the  people's  thought — a  thought 
whose  roots  are  deeply  laid,  and  must  be 
worthy  of  careful  regard,  even  when  its 
application  is  temporary.  And  herein  we 
think  that  Mr.  Trench  is  right,  that  he 
judges  popular  acceptance  to  be  the  great 
touchstone  of  the  true  proverb.  A  time 
there  must  have  been,  of  course,  when  the 
saying  was  new  and  original,  and  matter 
of  private  property.  While  it  remains  so, 
and  before  it  has  been  adopted  into  at  least 
national  use,  it  is  but  a  bright  and  witty 
thought,  recognised  by  here  and  there  a 
ipind,  and  probably  demanding  conditions 
of  learning  and  acquaintance  with  great 
men  or  books.  Otherwise  is  it  after  a  while. 
When  the  coin  has  been  rung  and  rung 
again,  when  the  true  metal  is  proved,  and  it 
is  taken  and  accepted  by  rich  men  and  poor 
men,  wise  men  atid  simple,  only  then  does  it 
become  a  proverb.*  The  wonder  is,  con- 
sidering the  number  of  causes  which  inter- 
vene between  mankind  and  the  acceptance 
of  practical  wisdom  and  good  sense,  that 
the  large  majority  of  approved  proverbs 
still  commends  itself  to  our  minds  even  in 
this  advanced  period  of  civilization.  The 
wise  men  of  one  nation  find  themselves 
uttering  the  thought  of  other  and  distant 
peoples.  The  proverb  rarely  is  a  tiiti- 
versal  truth,  but  always  is,  in  a  measure, 
a  popular  one.  Indeed,  the  multitude  of 
antagonistic  proverbs  indicates  great  diver- 
sity of  acceptance,  and  yet  the  world  is 
unanimous  in  taking  the  sayings  for  what 
they  are  worth. 

One  Proverb  says  that  *' Common  fame 
is  seldom  to  blame ;"  this  finds  its  uses 
among  a  multitude  of  greedy  hearers, 
while  another,  **  *  They  say  so'  is  half  a 
liar,"  comes  in  to  correct  the  evil  bias  of 
the  first. 

Generally  speaking,  we  cannot  help 
thinking  that  a  true  proverb  should  con- 
tain a  figure  illustrative  of  a  truth ; 
"  Make  hay  while  the  sun  shines  ;"  **  A 
stitch  in  time  saves  nine  ;'*  "  Little  strokes 
fell  great  oaks;"  '*  More  are  drowned  in 
the  wine-cup  than  in  the  ocean  ;**  '*  Ba- 
chelor's bairns  are  aye  weel-bred,"  8tc., 
all  involve  an  image  of  large  application. 
It  is  true  that  there  are  other  proverbs  of 
the  dry,  sententious  order,  which  are  com- 
plete in  themselves,  and  wholly  without 
poetical  beauty  ;  but  these  are  personal 
maxims,  rather  than  large  and  general 
truths. 


*  Thus,  the  Italians  say,  *'  11  proverbio 
fHnvecchia^  e  chl  TQol  fvt  bene,  vi  ri 
specchia." 


We  do  not  regard  the  great  Book  of 
Proverbs  as  a  sealed  and  closed  account, 
to  receive  no  additions  now  or  hereafter ; 
but  we  suppose  this  form  of  the  wisdom 
of  nations  must  fall  into  gradual  decay,  in 
proportion  as  the  world  sees  more  nu- 
merous exceptions  to  arbitrary  rules  of 
msn's  making.  Still,  a  fine  saying  is  a 
treasure  of  all  time ;  "  Many  meet  the 
Gods,  but  few  salute  them  1"  How  capa- 
ble is  such  a  proverb  of  noble  applica- 
tion !  August  indeed  are  the  Gods  in  the 
sorrows  and  the  joys  with  which  they  mtoet 
mortals,  while  few  there  are  who  recognise 
the  noble  presence,  and  bow  their  heads 
in  acknowledgment.  Again,  *'  God  never 
wounds  with  both  hands  " — not  with  both 
(adds  Mr.  Trench),  **  for  he  ever  resenrtfl 
one  to  bind  up  and  heal." 

Who  does  not  feel  that,  in  receiving  and 

f;iving  our  mental  hospitality  to  thoughts 
ike  these,  we  entertain  angels  unaWatet, 
though  we  deemed  our  guests  were  merely 
stranger  travellers  ?  Thanks  to  a  genial 
mind  like  that  of  Mr.  Trench,  we  come  to 
see  and  feel  this  in  many  a  case,  and  it 
seems  to  us  that  the  world,  which  is  too 
apt  to  disdain  "  small  books,"  may  most 
gratefully  accept  of  his. 

Church  Hittory  in  England,  from  tkt 
Earliest  Timet  to  the  period  (^  the  Bi- 
formation.  By  the  Pett.  Arthur  Martineatiy 
M.A,  Vicar  of  Whitkirk,  KorAt/Wr*.— 
The  very  respectable  and  painstaking 
clergyman  who  has  given  us  this  volume, 
has  performed  a  work  for  which  not  merely 
Churchmen  but  Protestant  Christians  ge- 
nerally have  cause  to  thank  him.  It  is 
moderate,  without  tameness,  —  decided, 
without  the  least  tinge  of  polemical  bit- 
terness,—learned,  without  pedantry.  A 
more  useful  book  of  reference  for  a  young 
clergyman  to  have  by  him, — one  escheir- 
ing,  in  a  simpler  and  quieter  way,  paitr 
extremes  of  all  kinds,  can  hardly  be  founo. 
There  is  no  lack  of  feeling  and  suitablto 
warmth  on  occasion ;  the  cause  is  dear  to 
the  writer,  and  he  treats  it  just  as  the 
spirit  of  a  loving  regard  to  the  Englidi 
Church  would  seem  naturally  to  dictate. 
Though  there  is  one  element  of  succesa 
undoubtedly  wanting,  and  though  nothing 
can  quite  make  amends  for  the  absence  cH 
a  poetical  turn  of  mind,  where  the  \ottf 
ennobling  incidents  of  persecution,  resist- 
ance, and  martyrdom  have  to  be  treated 
of,  we  by  no  means  think  the  style  cold 
or  dull.  It  is  too  truthful,  honest,  and 
vigorous  for  that  charge  to  be  made  out 
against  it ;  it  simply  stops  short  of  being 
eloquent,  for  want  of  imagination  to  cArry 
out  what  a  more  rich  mind  would  Instantlv 
have  laid  hold  of  and  realised  as  that  whien 
wtMSt  have  been  true,  the  chartcten  and 


496 


Mueeiiameoui  Returns. 


[Not. 


drenmttancn  being  what  they  were. 
Gfcal  eve,  moderatioii,  and  diligence  are 
tka  moft  striking  diancteristics  of  the 
Tolame,  which  nndertaket  no  easj  task 
ia  earrjing  the  reader  from  the  early  pe- 
riods <A  E^lish  Choich  history  op  to  the 
Beformation.  Any  one  indeed  oooTemnt, 
thoogh  bat  slightly,  with  the  nomeroos 
dUBcnlt  qnestiofls  that  ha^e  to  be  eza- 
■Used,  will  be  ready  to  make  allowance 
for  some  shortcomings;  bat,  in  fact,  there 
ia  Tcry  little  of  defect  in  the  historical 
port.  Eridence  is  fairiy  examined  and 
wdghed,  and  the  whole  is  a  good  specimen 
dl  research,  as  well  as  of  tone  and  temper. 


T%§  PrmeipUt  of  Ckmreh  Govemmemi, 
their  applieution  to  Wetleyan  Me^ 
HMum.  By  George  Steward.— It  woald 
be  most  nncandid  not  to  admit,  whaterer 
opfaiion  may  be  entertained  respecting  Mr. 
flieward's  Tiews  of  the  tnie  principles  of 
CkwdigoTemment,  that  his  book  is  written 
with  ac&irable  temper,  with  good  taste, 
and  great  ability ;  bat  farther  than  this, 
wa  might  say,  and  that  withont  any  com- 
promise of  principles  strictly  episcopal 
rad  in  harmony  with  those  of  the  English 
Chorch,  that,  to  a  considerable  extent,  his 
aigameats  are  sound  and  scriptural.  Some 
Iqr-participatioa  in  the  goTcmment  of  the 
Cniirch,  some  representation  of  her  mem- 
bers, whidi  shoold  make  her  less  "  a  clergy- 
Chorch  **  than  now,  is  notorionsly  desired 
by  a  large  proportion  of  her  most  deroat 
■dherents;  who  beliere  it  to  have  been 
the  primitive  rale,  at  the  time  when  in- 
spired apostles  held  the  keys  of  the  dirine 
kingdom.  It  is  in  assertion  of  the  Chris- 
tian need  of  this  element  of  government 
that  Mr.  Steward  appears  to  have  pain- 
lally,  and  with  deep  reluctance,  separated 
from  the  original  Weslejan  body,  in  which 
he  had  long  been  a  minister ;  '*  not,"  he 
■ays,  **  because  he  holds  the  Conference 
lo  be  corrupt,  or  the  people  fallen  "  (to  do 
him  but  justice,  be  never  calls  names,  and 
ia  aver  anxious  to  put  down  violence),  but 
bacanse  he  "  could  not  serve  it  usefully  or 
honourably,  with  his  views  of  its  govern- 
ment aod  policy." 

He  is  disposed  to  make  large  allowance 
for  the  difficulties  and  prepossessions  of  a 
governing  body  :  "  As  changes  are  appro- 
priate to  youth,  and  fixedness  of  character 
to  riper  yesrs,  so  bodies  of  men  become 
less  mouldable  either  by  inward  or  out- 
ward sgencies  as  they  grow  older.  They 
assimilate  less  with  what  is  about  them, 
and  tend  to  dissolution  by  a  rigidity  which 
enfeebles,  while  it  excludes ;  bearing  doom 
ia  this  very  law.  How  can  bodies  of  men 
rid  themselves  of  the  effects  of  antecedent 
laws,  under  which  they  received  their  cor- 
porate being  ?  *  *  *  When  these  things 
8 


are  considered,  mudi  of  the  vehemence  of 
aoeosation,  and  the  burden  of  blame,  so 
often  thrown  apon  bodies  of  men,  and  espe- 
cially ministers,  ought  to  be  spared ;  much 
more  those  assaults  apon  character,  wliich 
Cstally  damage  office,  by  striking  at  per- 
sons, and  which  can  only  tend  to  shake 
public  Cuth  in  religion  itaelf,  by  destroying 
fiiith  in  public  men." — Introduction. 

These,  and  other  moderate  and  sensible 
remarks,  are  creditable  to  the  writer.  It 
is  also  right  to  say  that  the  whole  book  is 
written  in  a  plain,  but  very  good,  and 
generally  pure  style. 

Welsh  Shetchet.  Third  ^ertet .  Bjf 
the  Author  of  "  PropoMli  for  Chrittiam 
Union,**  8ro.  —  This  is  the  concluding 
portion  of  the  author's  review  of  Welsh 
history ,  dvi  1  and  ecclesiastical.  He  traces 
the  life  of  Edward  the  Black  Prince  ia 
every  point  of  contact  with  Wales ;  and 
afterwards  that  of  the  celebrated  Owen 
Glyndwr.  To  these  succeeds  a  review  of 
Medieval  Bardism,  interspersed  with  a 
selection  of  the  best  translations  from  the 
Welsh  bards.  And  then  follow  two  chap- 
ters on  the  Welsh  Church.  The  whole  is 
agreeable  as  a  compilation,  and  shows 
extensive  reading  in  printed  books,  bat 
without,  so  far  as  we  find,  any  original 
materials.  Each  **  Seri^"  of  the  work  is 
sold  for  one  shilling, — a  price  at  which 
scarcely  any  sale  can  repay ;  so  that  wa 
mast  set  to  the  credit  of  the  author's  pa- 
triotism a  liberality  of  expenditure  as  well 
as  considerable  litersry  toil.  As  a  prieie 
of  Welsh  history  the  book  is  well  worth 
purchase  at  so  moderate  a  price. 


Spare  Moments,  {Maelehoee,  Glaagow.) 
\2mo, — A  small  volame  of  brief  religious 
essays,  sound  in  principle,  and  practical 
in  their  application.  The  same  author 
has  previously  published  a  similar  volume 
called  *'  Green  Leaves,'*  of  which  five 
thousand  copies  have  been  printed,  and 
three  thousand  of  the  present. 

Mr.  Wasbbournb's  edition  of  Bishop 
Jewel's  Apology  of  the  Church  qfBnglandj 
accompanied  by  his  Epistle  on  the  Council 
of  Trent  and  a  preliminary  biographical 
memoir,  is  one  that  will  tempt  many  pur- 
chasers by  its  neat  and  convenient  form ; 
and  this  may  also  be  said  of  the  same 
publisher's  pocket  edition  of  George  Her- 
bert's Sacred  Poeme  and  Country  Parson, 
Few  uninspired  pens  have  ever  enshrined  in 
true  poetry  such  deep  and  fervid  piety  as 
dwelLs  within  the  former  of  these  works ; 
and  the  latter  is  not  only  an  evidence  how 
devotedly  he  put  that  piety  into  practice, 
but  has  now  biscome  a  picture  of  by-gone 
times  and  manners,  which  awakens  an  in- 


1853.] 


MitceUaneout  Reviews. 


tereil  ikin  to  amusement,  while  it  oom- 
mindii  oar  approTsI  ind  sdmiralioD.  The 
two  work*  ire  fitly  brought  togetber,  the 
poetioil  "Temple"  of  wonhip.  uiil  the 
prulisal  "  Prieit  to  the  Temple,"  rulGlliti); 
cterj  dal;  appertiaenc  to  his  gution. 

The  Sung  of  Solomoa,  traiulaleil  inio 
Eneliih  Vme.  B<j  Iht  avihor  of  ••  Thi 
Book  of  Pialmt  Iratulattd  inlo  SaglisA 
Vent."  12iDo.— TLisTertion  I 


O,  from  the  kiuea  of  llii  mouth 

Liet  bim  be  kiasiiig  me  ; 
For  mare  rerreshing  are  Thy  lovei, 

Thin  choiceit  <rine  cm  be  I 
Another  verse,  on  opening  further  on,— 
Who  is  this  of  betuteoua  form. 

Prom  (he  dearrE  (hit  doth  riie, 
Leaainjc  now  upon  (be  arm 

or.  Who  her  Beloved  11  > 
We  took  igein  and   sgnia,  and  do  n< 
meet  with  «ny  portioi 


rlprei 


On 


erk-offorn 


in  reg  .     

Pmlmi.   chiefly  founded  ujHin   t1 

or  following  the  [inguage  of  tile 

Tery  closely.     But  ir  that  wai  the 

■ole   object,  and 

Hebrew  poetry  into    English  poetry,   he 

had    better  bare  contented   himseir  with 

making  a  literal  tranelation  in  prose, 

CArittiim  /nronie  uRiI  Bipeniilurt. 
Bfiuire  lUma.  pp.  69— This  little  book, 
wbioh  jirufessEs  to  be  "  Leaves  from  the 
Joumal  of  a  Young  Pastor,"  is  tnniUted 
from  (he  German.  The  title  will  not  ma- 
vey  a  very  clear  idea  of  the  contents, 
which  ire  of  a  kind  to  rarniih  admonition 
to  yonng  indentbuiiistic  clergymen.  The 
great  leuon  (o  be  learned  From  i(  is,  "  In 
meekneu  initrueting  those  tbal  oppoK 
thenuelvn."  (3  Tim.  ii.  2:>.) 


econd   Villiera  died  a  beggar  (p.  i      , 
^e  died  at  an  inn,  where  he  was  restlngff 
lut  so  did  Archbiibap  Leighton  i  and  t' 
rriter  has  taken    Pope's  description  ( 
uthority    too   implicity.      Is    Pilen,   t'   . 
eiuit    of    James    II.    eorrect?      ShouM   < 
!  be  Petre?    (p.  692,  nota.) 


ceptlo 


I,  this  history  is  well 


chKology,  litenlnre,  Isi 

reach  at  ordinary 
prelly  good  cviden 
The  V 


that  (beii 


Dlan 


Ds  (o  guarautee  the  contents  throughout, 
and  make  ourselves  icconntable  (or  every 
sentiment  and  eipreasioni  but  *e  have 
read  parts  of  it  with  pleaiure.  It  is 
well  written,  and  often  exhibits  modera- 
liaa.  where  (be  temptation  to  partiality  is 
■troug  ;  but  we  object  to  the  expression 
"  the  miicallfd  Holy  Alliance  "  (p.  773), 
•here  the  epithet  is  aDpereuoua  ai  «ill  Di 
vituuetative.  Wo  do  not  believe  that  the 
Gk»t.  Had.  Vol.  XL. 


adapted  U 

formation. 

Hgmni  for  Incalid:     U>iu>.    pp.   xit.  I 
380.— These  are  not  all  written  eipreasif  I 
for  invalids,  but  uelected  as  appropriuU.  I 
Some  '•  Epbtl™  in  Verse,"  adapted  " 
the  lame  use,  by  the  Rev.  S.  Medley,  ■ 
subjoined.     The  volnme  would  have  be 
improved  by  dates  being  added  to  the  ao. 
tlion'  namei,  as  some  arc  very  old,  wbidt   ' 
will  account    for    the    ijuaintnesa   of   tho 
style  ;  for  instance,  Hunnii  and  Herrick. 
At  page  T.  a  brief  prefatory  notice  a  given 
concerning    the  selection   and  editorship. 
We  cannot  doubt  that  this  litUe  volume 
will    prove   an    acceptable    compeniuu  in 
many  a  sick  room,  the  place  for  which  it 
ii  deaigncd. 

The  Provoeatiotu  qf  Madame  P»liuji. 
By  the  Authoress  of  "  Mary  Powell"— 
It  hu  been  laid  by  a  good  judge  of  booki 
that  on  whatever  volume  we  find  the  aian^ 
ranee  (hat  it  cornea  from  the  hand  that 
wrote  ■'  Mary  Powell,"  we  have  Iberehy 
warrant  (hst  the  work  it  one  remarkable 
for  its  purity  of  sealinient  and  healthineii 
of  tone.  This  is  not  overcharged  praise, 
and  it  >■  particularly  applicable  to  Ibe  last 
production  of  this  accomplished  writer — 
■'  The  Provocations  of  Madame  Paliisy." 
It  is  written  in  the  but  style  of  the  old 
French  reuilletoniits.  That  is  (o  say,  it  is 
S|>aik1iug.  epigrammatic,  of  well  tuatained 
interest,  and  full  of  well  contrulsd  alter- 
nations of  giBvity  and  gwety;  in  1  word, 
it  ii  very  charming  reading,  and  require! 
no  recommendation  to  make  of  it  a  very 
popular  book.  The  story  is  of  the  sim- 
plest, but  in  its  simplicity  there  ii  also  a 
singularly  artistic  fulness  and  management 
of  details,  by  which  a  series  of  pictures  la 
produced  that  are  strikingly  effective.  Of 
llie  course  of  the  story,  we  iiy  nothing, 
for  that  would  perhaps  mar  it  for  the  fu- 
ture reader  ;  we  will  merely  remark,  that 
it  is  one  based  upon  facts  that  are  well 
k  nown,  and  which  have  been  skilfully  trcdt 
by  a  master- hand. 

haheli  or,  It^uenee.  iiaia.pp.  lOB. 
—This  tittle  tale  ia  Intended  to  exhibit 
/nAanee  in   larioos  ways,  as  connected 


408 


Meeting  of  the 


[Nov. 


8iid»  '*  We  ma  J  all  do  gomething,"  might 
senre  for  a  motto  in  the  title-page.  There 
is  a  striking  passage  on  this  subject  in  Mr. 
Gisborne's  **  Essays'"  (1824,  c.  vii.  pp.  90. 
96),  which  every  student  of  ethics  ought 
to  be  acquainted  with.  We  quote  a  single 
eUiiie  :  '*  Who  can  estimate  how  large  a 
portion  of  the  character  of  any  individual 
lias  depended  on  other  persons?*'  as  a 
•timnlas  to  further  reflection  on  an  im- 
portant subject,  but  one  which  is  very 
madequately  appreciated. 

Bmily  Grey,  l^tM.pp,  108.— This  is 
tlie  history  of  an  orphan.  It  ends,  not  as 
most  tales  of  fiction  do,  with  marriage  or 
death,  but  with  the  child's  being  sent  to 
•diool,  the  first  epoch  in  ordinary  life. 
The  simple  and  the  solemn  are  intertwined 
in  the  narrative.  The  writer,  we  think, 
miut  have  some  knowledge  of  juvenile 
minds,  passions,  and  motives,  for  they  are 
more  exactly  described  than  mere  imagi- 
nation could  have  done. 


JRpm  Leevetjrom  Fatmy**  Portfolio, — 
There  are  some  beaatiful  sketches  and 
■ome  well  finished  pictures  of  domestic 
life  in  this  book ;  but  it  is  too  full  of  sen- 
timent, and  will  only  bear  to  be  read  by 
snatches.  The  illustrated  copy  before  us, 
that  republished  by  Ingram  from  the 
American  edition,  is  beautifully  got  up, 
and  contains  some  clever  designs  by  Birket 
Foster. 


Adventures  in  Auttralia  in  1852  and 
1853.  By  the  Rev.  U.  B.  Jones,  M.A,— 
A.  poorly  written  book  on  a  subject  which 


might  have  been  rendered  highly  interest- 
ing. As  it  is,  the  best  part  is  the  account 
of  the  author's  voyage  in  an  emigrant  ship 
to  Moreton  Bay.  The  details  respecting 
the  provisions  made  for  order,  decorum, 
and  cleanliness  during  this  voyage  are 
valuable  and  satisfactory.  In  another  way 
too  Mr.  Jones's  remarks  may  be  of  use. 
He  shows,  by  a  statement  of  facts  and  in- 
dividual cases,  how  great  is  the  haiard  ^ 
emigrants  of  losing  rather  than  gaining  by 
a  visit  to  the  Diggings.  This  part  of  thp 
volume  is  deserving  of  serious  attention. 

A  Proposal  to  Bstablieh  a  Missionary 
College  on  the  North-West  Coast  of 
British  America,  Sfc.  in  a  Letter  ad" 
dressed  to  W,  E.  Gladstone,  Esq.  By  the 
Rev.  C.  6.  Nicolay. — ^This  is  a  sensible 
though  rather  enthusiastic  statement  of 
well-established  facts.  The  part  of  British 
America  to  which  Mr.  Nicolay  directs  at- 
tention does  most  certaii^y  present  many 
very  desirable  local  considerations  to  the 
mind  of  the  emigrant;  requiring,  however, 
in  no  ordinary  degree  first  helps  from 
Government.  The  statements  respecting 
Vancouver's  Island  are  in  particular  de- 
serving of  attention,  and  we  see  no  objec- 
tion to  Mr.  Nicolay's  sketch  of  a  mis- 
sionary establishment,  forlorn  as  for  some 
time  to  come  it  would  doubtless  be.  It 
is  easy,  in  such  a  case,  to  separate  what  is 
fanciful  and  light-hearted  from  the  definite 
and  positive ;  and,  after  making  the  de- 
ductions which  every  wary  man  will  be  dis- 
posed to  make,  we  could  infinitely  prefer 
the  prospects  of  such  settlers  to  those  of 
gold-diggers  in  Australia  or  California. 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


CAMBRIAN  ARCHAOLOOICAL 
ASSOCIATION. 

The  annual  congress  of  this  Association 
assembled  at  Brecon  on  Monday  the  12th 
of  September,  when  Sir  John  Bailey,  Bart. 
M.P.  took  the  chair,  and  having  opened 
the  business  of  the  meeting,  was  followed 
by  John  Powell,  esq.  the  Mayor  of  the 
town,  who  gave  an  able  review  «f  the  prin- 
cipal objects  of  antiquarian  interest  in  the 
neighbourhood. 

The  report  of  the  committee  stated  that 
the  past  year  had  been  marked  by  a  steady 
although  not  a  rapid  increase  in  the  num- 
bers of  the  Association,  as  well  as  by  con- 
siderable activity  on  the  part  of  its  mem- 
bers, as  evinced  in  their  excellent  contri- 
butions to  the  Archseologia  Cambrensis. 
It  abo  noticed  the  seal  manifestcxi  by 


the  inhabitants  of  Leominster  and  its  neigh- 
bourhood, in  investigating  and  bringing 
to  light  the  remains  of  the  ruined  portions 
of  their  noble  priory  church. 

The  next  day  an  excursion  was  made 
along  the  Hay  roai, — to  Alexanderstone, 
where  there  is  a  tumulus, — to  Gwemyfed, 
where  Charles  1.  was  entertained  by  Sir 
H.Williams  in  1625,— to  Portbcawl, where 
there  is  a  fine  Tudor  gateway,  vrith  an  em- 
battled wall, — to  Talgarth,  where  there  is 
a  round  tower  within  a  small  inclosure, 
mentioned  by  Leiand, — to  Ffoes-tyll. — 
Bronllys,  where  there  is  a  very  singular 
tower, — and  to  the  church  of  Llanddew, 
where  the  historian  Giraldus  Cambrensis 
was  buried. 

In  the  evenipg,  at  a  meeting  in  the  Town 
bally  several  papers  were  read, — the  first  au 


1853.] 


Cambrian  Arcfiaotogical  Auociation  at  Brecon. 
Longucrille  Ji 


tmj  bj  Jsmea  WiUluns,  eiq.  Coroner  of 
Brecon.oo  tbe Rcuonableaets nnd  Dignilj 
or  Antlquuiao  Punoila;  thcneit.bjM. 
Mog^rid je.Mij.  upon  Iwo  Bmall  camps,  not 
Irid  dowQ  in  the  Ordnencr  map,  bat  silnalcd 
on  the  line  of  a  inppoird  Romsa  rand  be- 
toeen  Nldani  or  Neuth  and  LeocaroDi  or 
Longhor.    He  had  at  first  tLongfal  thi 


be  inerdj  iioall  halting-placeg  v 


rontuaiaghinlsfor  Iha 
presertalion  ot  tbc  antiqaitiei  of  Wales. 

On  Wfdneidaj.  Juni    ■■  '— 

waa  made  lo  Llechvaen,  nbers  vai  a  con^J 
Iterated  well, — la  WanniDjiiacb.  an  <wl 
manor-honse  or  tbe  Prior  nf  Brecon, — 1' 
the  huge  rock-maites  called  Kingitoney 
ill  church  of  Llan 


■oldleri  rested  fori  aighlibut  tbe  fact  n:ii 
(ioDcd  to  liim  bf  Mr.  PiuniUiam,  that  there 
imps  befODd  Loug bar,  tended  to 


-e  tbe      tainin;  a  will 


Uiog  of  Adi 


were  outpotti.  That  lerj  daj,  n 
Hieir  eicariion.  tliey  bad  diacovered  a 
British  camp  and  a  Roman  one  nearHilleg, 
not  bofote  geaeTallT  known,  and  Dear  Ihem 
be  had  (Iso  noticed  teteral  imnll  subaidi- 
mtj  eamps  of  the  liind  referred  to. 

The  Von.  Archdeacon  Wiliiams  com- 
municated a  paper  in  Illustration  of  the 
topograph;  of  Ystrad  Towj,  on  the  Tale 
ofTowj,  Carmartbenibire.  Camgoch,  or 
"  Ibe  red  caitn,"  he  considered  n  a  pri- 
meral  forlreii,  or  one  of  the  original  set- 
llBmenta  of  the  inhsbitanta  on  entering  tbe 


Mll«. 


I  fint 


.d  indicanons  of  cDltiv 
tion  are  fiecjuentl;  foand  on  aacb  spots; 
ai  fcDiarked  b;  Dr.  Daniel  Wilson  in  Scot- 
Isnd.andbrGroteln  his  Uistorjr  of  Greece. 
Carngnch  coosista  of  two  camps.  The  hiil 
ta  on  (he  left  bank  of  the  Tow;,  not  far 
from  Grongar  Hill.  It  is  now  coreredwitb 
loose  stones,  which  bear  no  marks  of  hav- 
ing bMn  nted,  bat  which  he  considered  (o 
be  (ha  remains  of  fortiticBlions.  The  rock 
riMr  thii  place  bears  nUirks  of  great  oncieot 
trsBle,  being  deeply  rutted.  Strathmore 
ta  Seotiand  and  Carngoch  in  Slralh  Tow;, 
the  Arohdeieon  considered  to  rank  with 
tlwDHgalitfaiestrocCtires  of  ancient  Greece. 
— Hr.Fltlwilllamtliouglitthatthetaniulns 


hi  tbe  centre  of  the  camp  t 
mender  who  died  then 
LUitilned  thai 


c  of  I 
dence  of  the  Filzherbertr, — to  tbe  c 
of  Calhedin  and  Llangaatj.tal-r-U] 
trenches  of  Ty-mawr.— and  tbe 
near  Tf  llUrd,  said  to  have  been  tl 
of  Ibe  hermit  llliyd. 

In  the  etening  Mr.  Stephens  read  k J 
piperon  thuAntrqiiitieiof  Mertbyr.  CoibB 
mencing  with  MorUia  caslle,  he  proceedMl'^ 
to  notice  various  objects  seen  from  its  keciti 
Fairs  were  held  on  Tsi-bsch,  according  W 
certain  autbaritics,  800  years  ago.  Ob^'s 
,  and  abint  a  nmn 

anil  a  half  fr 

Air  or  long  ■ 

fereot  modes  of  reading  ihc  inscription : 
bat  tbe  one  which  he  preferred  wu  "  Via 
Fronti,"  t.  r.  the  way  of  Prootinus.  and  it 
is  supposed  to  refer  to  Jnlius  Prontioiu, 
the  Roman  general.  Mr.  S.  then  sketched 
the  btatory  of  tbe  Roman  conquest  of  Great 
Britain,  through  Anlas  Flautius,  Aulus 
DIdius.  and  finally  Jnlius  Frontinua. 
last-named  inclDied  the  Biitons  by 
ot  fortittCBlions,  and  eiecnted  a  no 
of  roads,  one  cilted  Via  Julia,  from 
leoa  to  Abergavenny  end  Brecon, 
another  Sara  Helen  or  Saro-lleoo,  tb 
ter  of  which  passes  clou  by  Mcrthyr, 
There  are  lereral  rlj/M«ni  near  Mcrthyr. 
These  structures  are  lepulcbral,  and  often 
;  and  this  bet  proved  their 


thtcc 


the  tomb  of     great  antiquity,  as  being  at  leoit  contenu 
—Mr.  Free-      porary  with  the  ialrodaclion  of  Chrii'' 


;o  be  tbe  work  of  a  race  which      by  Sir  R.  C.  Hoare  in  A 


picceded  iheCymry.  This  bad  been  shown 


on,  by  LJoyi , 
Cbc  aecretary  of  the 
■^e  Cyrary  the 


by  Mr.  Basil  Jones 
isodation.    He  gave 
ig  the  first 


o(  Bronwen.  a  1 
whose  adventnres  are  recorded  in  the  ] 
binogion,  had  been  deposited.     Mr.  1 

pbeu^  went  on  to  describe  tbe  religior 


Tht  I 

■thvr.  ~ 

4 


ri«,  but  of  being  the  conquerors  of  the     the  old  Cymry,  called  Druidlsm.  of  w1 


previous 


Mr.  Wrigbl.  who  wi 
ecdiogly   learned  but  possessed 
iirong  common  sense,  and  whose   deci- 
ekm  was  IhereTore  the  mare   surprising, 
wu  tbe  only  antiquary  of 
(he  opposiwtiew.    tfWori 
were  wrong. 

taken  np  and  aiawered  i  they  an  not  in- 
fUllble:  but  he  was  lorprised  that  they 
Mete  all    silently  paned    by   Archdesoon 
Williams, 
The  last  paper  read  w»a  one  by  tbe  Kev, 


ind  Wilson 


he  confessed  ibat  very  little  is  knc 
Among  tbe  petty  chteflaias  wbo  embraced 
Christianity  « u  Brychan  Drycheiolog,  who 
Tf^tired  to  tbe  neigh boorbood  of  Merthyri 
where  a  band  ot  bestben  Saioni  and  P'  -^ 

trcd  bin,  one  of  bb 
ter  Tydfll.abonl  the  year  ado.  ' 
is  a'wrll  still  named  rromTydflL   Uai 
nuIIcAd  (he  Cam  Uwythel,  "the  at 
of  Ihr  Irish."  ThcfrequeDcyotsu 

Cniniatiitha  ranorded  InvaalDn  of  Wala 
t  Bu  Iriata  king  In  the  Utter  part  of  tlM 


500 


Meeting  of  the 


[Not. 


foarth  century  ;  bat  about  170  yean  after- 
wards it  was  said  that  the  Irish  were  ez- 
peUed,  having  been  beaten  in  a  bloody 
fwttle,  of  which  the  record  is  to  be  found 
10  a  place  now  called  *'  the  graTe  of  the 
dead  bodies.*'  The  lecturer  then  noticed 
the  interesting  riew  over  the  parish  of 
Vajrnor,  and  the  tumulus  near  the  church, 
in  which  some  human  remains  were  found 
and  replaced.  After  glancing  at  the  atate- 
ments  of  the  working  of  the  iron  at  Merthyr 
in  medisBTal  times,  be  then  passed  on  to 
notice  the  history  of  Morbus  Castle.  It 
it  locally  supposed  to  have  been  built  by 
Ivor  Bach,  son  of  Cadivor;  but  it  was 
really  built  by  king  Edward  I.  in  1291,  to 
keep  the  Breconshire  people  in  order,  and 
was  left  unfinished.  At  St.  Tydfil's  church 
it  an  inscribed  stone,  which  he  considered 
to  record  the  name  at  least  of  Arfan,  a 
brother  of  Tydfil. 

The  Rev.  W.  Basil  Jones  remarked,  that 
our  ideas  about  Druidism  must  be  divided 
into  facts  and  conjectures;  the  former, 
which  is  all  that  we  know,  are  to  be  found 
in  the  classic  authors.  Those  authors  say 
■omething  about  groves,  but  nothing  about 
■tone.  He  deprecated  the  consequences 
which  he  apprehended  from  venturing  to 
doubt  the  existence  of  Brychan  Brycheiniog 
in  Breconshire,  where  probably  every  man 
bdieved  himself  to  be  descended  from  that 
prince.  Brychan  was  said  to  have  been 
an  Irishman,  who  came  to  this  district, 
married  a  princess  of  the  country,  and  had 
twenty-four  sons  and  twenty-four  daugh- 
tore,  all  saints.  He  feared  that  Brychan 
waa  made  for  the  sake  of  those  forty-eight 
sons  and  daughters.  He  then  adverted  to 
the  tradition  as  bearing  on  the  theory  of 
an  invasion  by  the  Gwythel.  He  believed 
that  the  Gwythel  were  in  fact  the  original 
inliabitants,  pressed  upon  by  the  invading 
nations  of  the  Venedocians,  the  Dimetians, 
and  Silures.  He  considered  that  it  waa 
not  proved  that  Arfan  was  the  son  of  Bry- 
chan.— Mr.  Stephens,  in  reply,  contended 
for  the  reality  of  Arfan,  and  quoted  in- 
stances showing  that  there  were  repeated 
incursions  of  Irish  into  Wales,  whatever 
might  be  said  of  the  particular  case  re- 
ferred to. 

Mr.  Rees,  of  Llandovery,  read  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  Druidical  circles  and  Roman 
camp  on  Trecastle  Mountain.  The  prin- 
cipal circle  now  consists  of  22  large  stones, 
in  an  upright  position.  When  entire,  it 
must  have  had  35  upright  stones,  varying 
from  2  to  3  feet  high,  7  feet  apart,  forming 
an  external  circumference  of  245  feet :  the 
diameter  is  80  feet  10  inches.  The  stones 
facing  the  south  are  larger  than  the  others, 
aa  if  they  once  formed  the  entrance ;  and 
opposite  one  of  the  intervals  between  these 
larger  stones,  and  within  the  drcto,  there 


it  an  incumbent  stone,  as  if  intended  to 
mark  or  to  guard  the  entrance.  At  a  dis- 
tance of  94  feet  W.  by  S.  from  this  circle 
are  the  remains  of  a  smaller  one,  consisting 
of  only  6  stones,  of  larger  dimensions  than 
those  of  the  greater  circle.  By  counting 
the  intervals  between  the  existing  stones, 
the  original  sise  of  the  circle  is  computed 
to  have  been  30  feet  diameter  by  91  feet 
ctreumference,  formed  of  13  upright  stones. 
These  circles  are  aituated  a  short  distanoe 
N.E.  from  the  old  turnpike  road  leading 
from  Trecastle  to  Llandovery,  about  3^ 
miles  from  the  former.  A  Roman  road 
was  found  in  a  perfect  state.  It  is  a  raised 
causeway,  running  parallel  with  the  old 
turnpike  road.  Several  lines  of  entrench- 
ment (not  marked  in  the  Ordnance  maps) 
pass  around  a  spot  called  "  Pigwn,"  or  the 
Beacon,  and  form  a  double  camp  of  un- 
usual extent  The  two  lines  of  circnm- 
▼allation  are  not  parallel  to  each  other, 
the  inner  square  facing  the  eardinalpoints, 
but  the  outer  lines  running  from  W.N.W. 
to  E.N.E.  and  from  N.N.W.  to  S.S.E. 
The  angles  of  both  squares  are  rounded. 
Although  the  southern  lines  have  been 
nearly  all  destroyed  by  quarrying  for  tile- 
stones,  sufficient  remains  to  prove  that  the 
outer  camp  was  1,452  foet  by  1,264  feet, 
making  a  circumference  of  one  mile  and 
132  feet;  the  inner  camp,  1,254  feet  by 
966  feet,  making  a  circumference  of  4,440 
feet.  There  are  gateways  on  each  side  of 
each  camp,  not  opposite  to  each  other. 
These  openings  are  about  29  feet  wide,  and 
are  protected  by  curved  embankments  on 
the  inside.  After  ghring  the  measurements 
in  Roman  feet,  60  of  which  are  equal  to 
58  English  feet,  Mr.  Rees  remarked  that 
the  inner  camp  could  accommodate  a  whole 
legion  of  foot  and  horse;  besides  auxiliary 
cohorts,  which  could  be  securely  held  in 
the  triangular  spaces  formed  by  the  dif- 
ferent positions  of  the  two  squares.  The 
width  of  each  fosse  and  rampart  is  about 
14  feet ;  in  some  places  these  are  very 
perfect,  notwithstanding  the  wear  and  tear 
of  nearly  eighteen  centuries,  as  the  camp 
was  probably  formed  by  Julius  Frontinus, 
about  the  year  75,  in  his  operations  against 
the  Silures.  From  the  numerous  cairns 
in  the  neighbourhood,  the  lecturer  inferred 
that  the  place  must  have  been  the  scene 
of  important  contests  between  the  Britons 
and  the  second  Augustan  legion  of  the 
Romans,  who  had  ascended  the  Usk,  and 
were  advancing  westward  into  the  country 
of  the  Dimetse.  An  invading  army  could 
not  have  chosen  a  more  advantageous  po- 
sition,— the  British  camp  of  Cefo-y-gaer, 
near  Defynog ;  the  Roman  Arx  Specula- 
toria,  afterwards  converted  into  a  castle, 
and  giving  its  name  to  Trecastle;  the 
Roman  station  of  Bannium,  near  Brecon, 


1853.] 


'I  ArckfBological  Association  at  Brecon. 


ji  othrrcamps  in  botb  Brecon- 
■hlre  BDd  CBrmartbeniliire,  being  pUinljr 
TJsiblc  from  thii  plicr,  ithich  has  slea  the 
idtatiMgfl  of  being  well  lupplied  nith 
wtlcr.  Tha  streagth  of  tlic  patition  vns 
iaer«ucd  by  an  outpost,  ihe  rcmaini  of 
which  areTinble  above  a  (jutrter  of  a  mile 
diatoDt  to  the  W.N.W.  dd  the  brow  oF  the 
hill  abaTS  Ihe  hoiuB  rormerlj  called  the 
Black  Cock,  near  to  which  a  atDDe,  men- 
tianed  in  Joaea'a  Kiatorj  ot  Breconahire 
aa  bearing  an  inicriptioii,  of  which  lue. 
and  CASsiAHO  oa\j  were  legible,  wag  dug 
up.  Frum  a  compariton  of  the  areai  of 
varioui  Roman  eDcampmeDtt  iu  Wslei,  it 
■ppeara  Ihat  Ihe  camp  nn  TrecBslle  mouo- 
talii  u  little  inferior  to  those  of  Cacrlleon 
and  Caenrcnt,  nhile  it  is  more  than  twice 
■a  large  aa  Bannium,  near  Brecon,  and 
thrice  the  aiie  of  Heriri  Mom,  or  Tomen- 
ymor,  in  North  Wales.  A«  there  have 
not  been  any  frigmeata  of  poltiry  or  any 
Ronaa  bricki  found  on  Ihe  tiCe,  Mr,  Reea 
Doncludal  that  tbia  oimp  muiC  be  con- 
sidered B9  a  mere  lummer  camp,  iihereia 
Ihe  loldien  lived  in  tents,  and  not  a  per- 
maneat  atation. 

Mr.  Jatnes  DaTiea,  of  Hereford,  read  a 
Mper  entitled  "  Uerefordehire,  Britiib, 
Roman,  and  Saiim,"  tierefordahi re,  being 
one  dF  the  border  countiea,  and  a  porlion 
of  the  Marches,  inclndca  the  well-kuown 
OHa'a  Dyke,  the  great  boundary  of  Eng- 
Und  and  Walei,  and  pruenta  numerous 
caitlea,  churchei  (of  alinoul  every  period), 
the  tile  oF  the  palarc  of  Mercian  royally, 
and  the  remainaoFRoinaDtawng  and  roads, 
as  well  BB  the  more  primitive  relici  of  an- 
cient Britiah  art.  Mr.  Datiea  proceeded 
to  deacribe  the  camps  of  Capler,  near 
Fowohope,  the  Herefordshire  Beacon,  and 
Ihe  earthworks  at  St.  Marganit'a,  lalely 
discovered  by  Mr.  Jeokios,  of  Hereford. 
The  only  Druidical  remain  is  Arthur'* 
SWne,  a  cromlech  situated  on  tlie  summit 
of  Bredwardinc  Hill,— length  19  feet, 
breidthat  the  widest  part  12  feet,  tapering 
to  3  feel  4  inches.  Near  the  centre,  where 
ita  breadth  is  ahoat  10  feet,  it  is  broken 
Ibrongh,  and  one  part  is  fotlen  below  the 
other.  Five  of  the  supporllug  pillars  have 
Fallen  down,  leaving  only  the  reniaioing 
five  to  support  this  prodigious  weight,  via. 
two  under  the  Dpper,  aud  three  under  the 
lower  portion.  The  oatne  of  Arthur  is 
conneoted  with  many  plecee,  but  there  is 
no  evidence  to  show  why  this  illnitrious 
hero  should  have  given  a  name  Id  this 
cromlech  beyood  the  custom  of  Bscribing 
to  him  works  oF  magnitude.  Dnring  the 
Earlj-Brilish  period  llercFordihire  doea 
not  appear  to  be  connected  with  any  his- 
torical event  other  than  the  engagement 
between  Caracttcus  niid  Oslorius.  Mr, 
Paries  proceeded  to  describe  minutely  Ihe 


various  Romnn  staliona,  beginning  with 
Magna  Castra,  wbicii  has  been  fiied  at 
Kenchesler,  live  miles  west  of  Hereford. 
where  so  many  Roman  remains  have  been 
discovered,  in  rjinseque  nee  of  the  resesrches 
made  some  yeara  ngo  under  the  auspices 
of  tbe  Hereford  LJIcrary  and  Antiquarian 
Association,  as  to  leave  no  room  for  doubt 
of  its  having  been  Ihe  site  of  *  Komsn  city, 
in  addition  to  the  common  tradition  of  the 
people  and  the  record  of  hiitorians.  To 
ahow  that  it  woa  the  Iklagna  Caslra  of  Che 
Romans,  Mr.  Daviea  remarked  that,  ad- 
mitting Gobannium  to  be  Abergaveuny, 
which  has  never  been  doubled,  the  dislBnce 
from  theoCB  (o  Magna,  and  from  Magna 
to  Bravinium,  as  given  in  Ihe  Itinerary  of 
Antoninus,  correspond  vfilh  the  disCancea 
between  Kencbester  and  Abergaienny  and 
Kenchester  and  Brandon,  which  are  both 
ai  mated  on  the  line  of  road  leading  to  Uri- 
conlnm  (Wroieler).  Camden  filed  Magna 
at  Old  Radnor,  but  the  disUnce  ot  that 
place  from  Gobannium  ia  more  than  thirty 
mitea.  instead  of  twenty,  a*  in  Ihe  Itinerary'. 
Horsley,  after  much  research  and  inquiry, 
had  come  to  Ihe  conclusion  that  there  never 
had  been  any  Roman  station  at  Old  Radnor, 
nor  anyi  Roman  way  leading  to  it-,  but 
that  Magna  was  at  Keocheiter,  by  which 
solution  all  tbe  difficolliea  of  oilier  bypo- 
Iheaes  were  removed,  while  no  new  ones 
arose.  He  adds  that  Ktn  signifies  rcjrut, 
while  cAetfer  fa  a  corruption  of  oaifra, 
makingtheetymologyofKenchestcrM  agiu 
CBStro.  The  form  of  this  italion  ia  aa 
irregular  hexagon,  containing  about  twenty 
acres.  Portions  of  Die  walls  are  still  visible, 
and  tbe  foundations  of  some  of  Ihe  honaes, 
and  Ihe  rite  of  what  nai  probably  (he  prin- 
cipal street,  miy  still  be  traced.  There 
appear  to  have  been  four  eotrances,  con- 
nected with  (he  rOBds  leading  to  the  other 
atalions.  The  coins  discovered  here,  of 
which  there  is  sn  ioeihaustihte  supply,  arc 
chiefly  Ibose  of  CoDstantine  and  Carauslua. 

The  next  station  to  which  the  iectorer 
alluded  was  Aticonium,  which  (it  ia  now 
agreed)  was  at  Bury-hill,  three  miles  east 
oF  RosB.the  only  •tallon  which  correiponds 
with  the  diatsncca  in  Anioninus's  llinerary, 
FibulK,  lauspa,  rings,  coins,  tessellated 
pavement,  ht.  have  been  found  here.  The 
tradition  is  that  Ariconium  was  destroyed 
by  an  earthquake.  The  name  of  tbe  sur- 
rouoding  district,  variously  given  by  old 
writera  aa  Yrcinga-field,  Hergiug,  Arcene- 
field,  and  Arconfield,  acems  to  show  that 
Arieonimn  was  the  metropolia  of  a  district 
whicii  Bfterwarda  conatiluted  tbe  Britiah 
state  of  Greinwg  or  Herging.  which  n- 
lended  from  tbe  Forest  of  Dean  toMoccas, 
on  tbe  louth  side  of  Ihe  Wye. 

Brandon,  considered  to  be  the  ancient 
Bravinium,  was  (be  neil  slatioo  noticed. 


502 


Meeting  of  the 


[Nor- 


It  is  litnated  in  the  north-west  part  of 
Hereforrlshirc,  near  the  junction  of  the 
Clan  and  the  Tcmo.  The  old  Roman  road 
can  be  traced  near  to  this  spot,  being 'still 
nsed  for  part  of  the  distance  near  Leint- 
Wardine  as  a  country  lane.  Its  elevated 
site,  and  its  geographical  position,  how> 
^er,  render  its  identification  doobtfo), 
md  the  question  can  onlj  be  settled  by 
local  researches. 

The  station  of  Circutio  appears  to  hare 
been  a  small  one,  for  the  convenience  of 
repose  on  the  journey  from  Magna  to 
WIgornia  (Worcester).  Some  Roman  re- 
diAins  turned  up  near  Stretton  Grandison, 
in  the  excavation  of  the  Hereford  and 
Gloficestcr  Canitl,  tend  to  show  that  Cir- 
cotio  was  in  that  neighbonrhood. 

The  Roman  roads  in  the  county  were 
ilTe, — viz.  the  Watling-strect,  which  en- 
tered Herefordshire  from  Salop  near  Leint- 
wardine,  from  whence  it  passed  by  Bra- 
▼inium,  Wigmore,  Mortimer's  Cross,  Street, 
Stretford,  and  Portway — the  three  latter 
names  indicating  a  Roman  origin,  and  the 
road  in  various  parts  still  bearing  the  name 
"Watling-strect."  This  road  was  con- 
tinned  from  Magna  across  the  Wye  at  the 
New  Weir,  thence  to  Madley  and  King- 
stone — at  this  part  still  railed  Stoney- 
gtreet — and  on  by  Abbeydore  and  Long- 
to#n  to  Gobannium.  A  second  entered 
the  county  from  Wigomia,  at  the  north 
end  of  the  Mnlvern  Hills,  thence  passing 
by  Froome's  Hill  to  Circutio.  and  thence 
by  Stretton  Grandison,  Withington,  Hol- 
mer,  and  Stretton  Sugwas,  to  Magna.  For 
five  or  six  miles  this  road  is  still  used,  and 
known  as  the  old  Roman  road.  A  third 
road,  not  generally  known  to  antiquaries, 
and  for  the  knowledge  of  which  Mr.  Davies 
was  indebted  to  a  gentleman  through  whose 
property  it  passes,  went  from  Bravinium 
by  Croft,  Stockton,  Ashton,  Corner  Cop, 
to  Blackwardine — where  was  a  fortress 
called  Black-caer-dun — and  thence  by  Eng- 
land's Gate  to  Circutio.  A  fourth  road 
entered  the  county  on  the  south-east  from 
Gloucester  (Glevum)  to  Ariconiura,  and 
thence  passed  on  to  Blestium  (Monmouth). 
The  name  of  Walford,  between  Ross  and 
Monmouth,  would  intimate  the  track  of 
this  portway.  A  fifth  road  passed  from 
Ariconium  by  Crow  Hill,  How  Caple, 
Cappler  Wood,  Fownhopc,  Mordiford, 
Longworth,  Bartestree,  to  the  Hole,  where 
it  fell  into  the  portway  from  Magna  to 
Wigornia.    It  can  scarcely  be  traced  now. 

The  lecturer  proceeded  to  sketch  the 
history  of  the  county  from  the  departure 
of  the  Romans  until  it  formed  a  small  in- 
dependent state  for  Ethelred,  who  became 
king  of  Mercia.  In  675  he  gave  this  terri- 
tory to  his  brother  Merewald,  at  whose 
detfth  it  was  re-united  to  Mercia.     Mere* 


wald  is  said  to  have  lived  at  Kingsland, 
and  to  have  erected  a  monastery  of  nans 
at  Leominster.  The  reign  of  Oifa,  and 
his  palace  at  Sutton,  were  next  noticed; 
Mr.  Davies  remarking  that  the  area  In- 
cluded within  the  entrenchments  at  Sutton 
Walls  is  about  27  acres.  Tliere  are  no 
traces  of  buildings,  although  there  appear 
to  have  been  considerable  ruins  in  the  time 
of  Leland.  He  proceeded  to  describe  the 
great  work  built  by  Offa  to  keep  out  the 
Britons,  and  still  known  as  his  *'  dyke.'* 
It  entered  Herefordshire  near  Knill,  And 
proceeded  by  Titley  to  Lyonshall,  Sarnea- 
field.  Norton  Canon,  Mansel  Gamage,aiid 
Bridge  Sollers,  where  it  met  the  river  Wye; 
Here  a  portion  of  this  dyke  still  exists :  It 
is  crossed  by  the  road  from  Hereford  to 
Hay.  The  murder  of  Ethelbert  by  0!l^ 
and  his  erection  of  Hereford  cathedral, 
were  then  described,  and  the  early  con- 
nexion of  Herefordshire  with  the  Christian 
Chorch,  Hereford  having  had  a  bishop  as 
early  as  the  middle  of  the  sixth  century, 
subject  to  the  metropolitan  see  of  Caer- 
lleon.  At  the  synod  held  by  Aogastine  a 
bishop  of  Hereford  was  present.  Colleges 
were  established  by  Archbishop  Dabricius 
at  Moocas  and  Hentland  (Hen-Ilan).  In 
the  year  679  Putta  was  elected  the  first 
Anglo-Saxon  bishop  of  Hereford.  The 
paper  concluded  with  a  sketch  of  Hereford 
until  its  destruction  by  the  Welsh  aoder 
Gr3rirydd,  when  only  103  men  were  left 
within  the  walls,  and  its  rebuilding  and 
fortification  by  Harold,  who  commenced 
the  erection  of  a  castle.  His  works  were 
snbsequently  completed  by  the  sheriff  of 
the  county. 

On  Thursday,  the  15th  Sept.  an  excor* 
sion  was  made  southward  from  Brecon, 
following  the  valley  of  the  Usk.  The  partf 
visited  the  church  of  Llanfrynach,  where  a 
hole  in  the  south  door  of  the  chancel  ia 
pointed  out  as  Oliver  CromwelPs  mark, 
there  being  a  tradition  that  he  fired  a  pistol 
at  the  door,  with  the  exclamation.  Take 
thtft,  thou  whore  of  Babylon !  Hienoe  to 
Llaoddettry  church,  and  to  Glannsk  Park, 
where  they  viewed  a  maen-hir,  seven  fset 
high,  of  mountain  limestone  (brought  from 
a  distance  of  at  least  five  miles),  and  two 
others  of  sandstone,  to  the  castle  and 
church  of  Crick  bowel,  and  to  luncheon  at 
Glanusk  House,  the  mansion  of  Sir  Joseph 
Bailey.  They  afterwards  visited  the  castle 
of  Treto  wer,  the  romantic  valley  and  churdi 
of  Cwm-du,  and  the  Roman  camp  of  the 
Qaer  (the  station  Bannium),  but  where 
they  found  the  entrenchments  had  been 
so  ploughed  up,  that  no  trace  of  them 
could  be  detected, — though  Mr.  Powell 
had  in  his  address  at  Brecon  described  it 
as  the  finest  specimen  of  the  Roman  camp 
in  that  country. 


1858.] 


Cambrian  ArcJumilogical  Attociation  at  Brecon 


Tha  proceedings  or  ths  efeaiiig  meeEing  on  Ibe  lit  of  Uty — the  cartjiDg  o 

coaunenced  with  Ibe  reading  of  a  paper  by  King  af  Suininer  and  the  If  iiig  of  Wintts,  1 

H>  Hoggridge,  «9q.  no  certain  cuttoms  of  Two  bays  were  (elected  for  U.  •  purpOMj  4 

Ihe   vallej   of  Orfytioc.     He   cauidered  and  dreaeed  in  birclieii  boughai  wljiebwen  1 

that  tba  sluJ]'  of  such  maCteri  was  of  tied  ou  tiglilly  with  sCciDgi,  to  ihU  d 

gnat    geaeral    adtuDtage,    ai    affaciling  but  their  Uutt  wure  Fomplel«lT  corered. 


mark!  of  [he  ^ 
the  Wclib  UBlion  it  derived.  In  remote 
placea  like  Defynoc  these  customs  aur- 
wke  longett.  Tbe  Pfair-r-BwIa  was  beld 
t  Delfiioc  on   the  lecond  Thuriday  in 


ooin  then  dedded  which 
tbonid  be  the  Summer  King,  Oa  wboM 
bead  wb»  km  mediately  pboeda  large  crown 
formed  of  Ibe  gayest  ribbons  that  could 
"     borrowed  for  "  " 


October,  old  style.     Purchases  were  then     Winter  King  was  crowned  with  ■  profi 


made  for  the  feast,  which  commeuced  i 
the  fullowing  SuDday.  In  the  front  of  the 
Bull  Idd  tbere  was  asbed  fur  Ibe  sale—only 
on  that  occasion — of  meal,  poultry,  and 
other  goad  things  for  the  feast,  and  Also 


of  hoUy.     The  Kings  hn'ing  thns 
their    regal  atlire — generally    in   Noyai 
Wood,  hair  a  mile  fram  the  villagi 

rirocession  was  formed  in  the   ordc 
owing  : — First 


with 


9  laying  in  of  the  winter  slock  of  drawn  aworda  to  clear  the  way ;  then  four 

neat.     Tbid  custom  had  pretailed  lime  nien  bearing  the  King  of  Summer 

out  of  mind,  and  ceased  eighteen  years  (loles,  one  passed  under  the  knees  i 

ago,  excepting  only  as  regards  the  general  other  under  the  upper  purt  of  the  back, 

purchaas  of  geeie  againll  that  particular  that  his  Mi^ttlt  was  in  ■  semi  recun  ' 

Sunday,     Tbe  feast   lasted   a   week.     On  iiositio'n.     Next  came  the  King  of  WintsftI 

the  second  day  (Monday)  tbe  custom  of  carried  in  like   manner,  and   the  genecM 

carrying  Cyoog  took  pisue.    A  man,  some-  assemblage  of  men  and  boys.     Leafing 

tunes  a  slrauger.  for  the  consideration  of  tbewood.tbey  proceeded  to  all  tbe  respect' 

a  suit  of  clothes  or  money,  enscted  the  able  booses  in  Ibe  Tillage  and  its  earironi, 

part  of  Cynog  ;  but  the  last  victim  was  a  al  eaoh  of  which  they  receiied  money  oi 

dranken  bnner.     Cynog  was  dressed  in  beer;  and  Hnally  entered  the  churchjrari 

it  of  old  clothes,  carried  once  Ibrougb  where  tbe  strings  which   tied   the  " 

'  "'      "■  ut — tbo  ribbons  of  Ibe  BsliTal 


Summer  King  received  a  sum  of 
bis  wintry  brother  hating  somewhat  li 
Tbe  commencement  of   this    oustotn 
veiled  in  the  obtition  of  Ibe  past 


tbe  village,  and  tben  tbi 

amidst  tbe  jeers  andliughteraf  the  people. 

Tbo  day  was  called  Dyddll&n  Gwyl  Cjnog, 

i.  (.the  Monday  of  tbe  feast  ofCynog.  The 

but  time  this  ceremony  was  performed  was 

Ibirty  years  ago   last  October.    On   tbe 

next  day  (Tuesday)  all  the  lithe  of  cheese     niination   was   only  ten  years  age . 

which  waa  in  lay  hands  was  brought  to      it    merged    into    an    Ivorite  c]ob    (( 

Ibe  churchyard  and  laid  on  the  tombstones,     menced  four  years  previously),  whici 

when  It  was  sold,  but  seldom  oommandod     walks  on  tbe  same  day.     Chi  the  i 

a  good  price,  as  some  of  tbe  farmers,  oiC     the  1st  of  Hay,  it  was  customary  f 

of  spile,  left  out  tbe  salt,  or  sent  inferior     boya  to  cut  willow-wands,  pulling 

cheese.    There  is  no  account  of  the  oiigia     portion  of  the  bark  in  a  spiral  form, 

of  this  custom,  but  it  has  not  obtained      ~  ''  

daring  the  last  forty  years.  The  latest 
was  kept  up  until  Ibe  year  184!^,  dancing 
and  eating  being  the  chief  soiusements : 
indaed,  these  hid  been  essential  ingre- 
dients from  its  commencement,  but  de- 
dined  yearly,  and  hnatly  died  away  with' 
oul  being  replaced  by  sny  olher  custom- 
For  tliB  qucationable  honours  paid  to 
Cynog  no  reason  is  assigned  by  tbe  pa- 
rishioners, nit  a  reverential  wish  to  keep  pariuli  derk. 
■live  tbe  memory  of  the  saint.   This  might     farmer' 


the  intenali. 


crying  oi 


■iously  filed  on  V 

was  tbe  practic«  || 
Uefynoc,  after  a  funeral,  to  give  the  bo 
pair  of  shoes  and  the  best  pair  of  stockiM 
which  had  belonged  lo  tbe  deceased  to  d 
"at  on   the  death   of  || 
1843.  Ihc  clerk,  r 
accord  well  enongh  with  all,  except  the     iog  from  renciilng  his  duea  at  Tredns 
dosing  scene,  and  in  ancient  times  these     where  she  bad  died,  as  soon  as  be  waa    _. 
ceremonies  may  have  formed  a  portion  of     of  sight  of  the  house,  opened  Ibe  parcel  ^i 
■  religious  play  in  honour  of  St.  Cynog,      eiamiue  its  coutents.  •vbcn  be  found  IT  ' 
with  a  different  termination,   for  which     the  husband  had  picked  c 
the  oomic  last  act— the  river  scene — may     were  worn  out,  and  alockioga  that  • 
h*To  hern  substituted  at  the  time  of  the     full  o[  holes.     Going  back,  in  no 
Reformation,  when  ridicule  was  thrown     placid  humour,  he  remonalrated  witb 
upon  anything  savouring  of  Popery.  dirconsolito    widower,    whose 

Anottter  uogular  psgeaot  was  cwcted      "  Vou  \.r,i 


504 


Meeting  of  the 


[Not. 


walk  from  my  house/'  seems  to  hare  put 
an  end  to  the  custom,  and  the  clerk  no 
loni^r  "  waits  for  dead  men*s  shoon/' 

Illtyd  Chapel  is  situated  on  Mynydd 
lUtyd,  which  is  in  a  hamlet  of  the  same 
name,  heing  one  of  the  fire  into  which  the 
parish  of  Defynoc  is  dirided.  The  people 
point  to  a  spot,  within  a  small  and  much- 
destroyed  rectangular  indosure,  not  far 
from  the  chapel,  as  being  the  grave  of 
Illtrd,  who  they  say  was  martyred  and 
bailed  there.  The  congregation  **  thought 
it  pity"  to  see  the  curate  walking  to 
dmrch  from  Blaen  Brynich,  where  he 
lived,  in  wooden  shoes.  They,  therefore, 
sabacribed  together  to  buy  him  a  pair  of 
long  boots.  This  was  continued  year  by 
year  until  it  became  a  custom,  and  still 
eiists  as  an  annual  payment  of  2/.  by  the 
cborchwardens  to  the  curate,  as  shown  in 
their  books. 

Bidding-weddings  here,  as  in  many 
other  parishes,  are  yet  extant  The  legid 
obligation  to  return  gifts  received  on  the 
occasion  was  recognised  by  the  Court  of 
Oteat  Sessions,  at  Cardiff.  The  horse- 
wedding  has  occurred  here  within  the  last 
twelve  months  —  it  was  well  attended. 
There  was  the  accustomed  *'  racing  and 
ehaiing,"  the  attempts  to  steal  away  the 
bride,  the  mirth  and  jollity,  as  in  bygone 
days.  But  one  feature  was  wanting— one 
that  appeaie  i  to  the  ear  as  well  as  to  the 
eye:  where  is  old  Edward  of  Gwem-y- 
Pebydd,  who,  mounted  upon  his  white 
horse,  and  pouring  forth  the  wild  music  of 
the  bagpipe,  has  headed  many  a  wedding- 
party  in  their  half  frantic  gallop  over  hill 
and  vale  ?  Alas  I  the  old  man  has  been 
gathered  to  his  fathers  some  hundred  years 
—the  *'  last  of  all  his  race  was  he  ;"  even 
the  instrument  upon  which  he  played  is 
gone. 

Mr.  Thomas  Stephens  observed  that 
Cynog  was  an  illegitimate  son  of  Brychan 
Brycheiniog,  supposing  such  a  person  to 
have  existed,  which,  be  confessed,  was  a 
belief  that  he  still  held,  notwithstanding 
what  had  been  said  on  the  subject.  Cynog 
might  be  almost  said  to  have  been  the 
patron  saint  of  Breconshire  :  the  parish  of 
Merthyr  Cynog  was  named  from  him.  By 
reference  to  Rees's  "  British  Saints,"  and 
a  better  authority  could  not  be  desired,  it 
would  be  found  that  the  parish  of  Defynoc 
was  not  named  from  Cynog,  but  from  a 
saint  of  the  same  name  as  the  parish,  viz. 
Defynoc,  who  is  associated  at  Llantrisaint 
with  Saints  Illtyd  and  Gwynog. 

E.  A.  Freeman,  esq.  in  commencing 
an  address  on  the  Churches  of  Brecon, 
remarked  that  he  could  not  agree  with 
those  who  thought  that  there  was  little  of 
an  architectural  character  in  Wales.  Not 
to  speak  of  St  David's  or  Llandaff  cathe- 
9 


dralf,  the  churches  of  Brecon  alone  were  a 
sufficient  answer  to  such  a  condemnatton. 
The  superb  Priory  church ;  the  small  but 
interesting  fragments  of  the  castle, — be 
wished  there  was  more  of  it ;  the  diorch 
csUed  Christ's  College  church, — another 
fragment  unfortunately  ;  and  the  far  from 
contemptible  church  of  St  Mary's,  were 
all  worthy  of  notice  and  admiration.     To 
begin  with  the  Priory  church ;  altbovgb 
the  cathedral  of  St  David's  occupies  the 
first  place  among  Welsh  structures,  the 
second  place  might  be  disputed  between 
Brecon  Priory  and  Llandaff  Cathedral,  the 
effect  of  the  magnificent  nave  of  Llandaff 
surpassing  that  of  Brecon,  but  the  latter 
having  the  advantage  of  being  a  whole  with 
a  massive  and  picturesque  outline,  which 
Llandaff  wants.    There  is  a  large  class  of 
churches  in   which  there  is  a  union  of 
the  parochial  church  and  the  cathedral  or 
conventual  type,  and  to  this  Brecon  Priory 
belongs.   The  Priory  was  founded  in  1090, 
when  an    establishment    of   Benedictine 
monks  was  founded  by  Bernard  Newmarcb, 
the  first  of  the  Norman  lords  of  Brecon, 
who  made  it  a  cell  to  William  the  Con- 
queror's great  abbey  of  Battle,  which  bad 
been  founded  to  commemorate  the  battle 
of  Hastings.     The  Priory  church  stands 
at  the  head  of  the  class  to  which  it  be- 
longs.   Next  to  it  he  should   rank  the 
church  of  Llanbadarn  in  Cardiganabire. 
The  very  remarkable  church  of  Llanddew 
is  a  much  smaller  structure  of  the  taose 
character.    Most  of  those  churches  have 
very  little  external  ornament.    St.  David's 
too  is  externally  very   plain,  for  several 
reasons— the  climate,  for  instance,  would 
have  soon  destroyed  the  ornaments,  and 
therefore  they  were  not  put  up ;  but  in- 
ternally it  was  magnificent    Brecon  Priory 
is  the  same — plain  in  the  exterior,  hot 
rich   in    the   interior.      Llanbadarn  and 
Llanddew  are  plainer  versions  of  Brecon 
Priory   in   miniature.    The  lecturer  next 
noticed  the  union  of  the  military  with  the 
monastic    character    in    Brecon    Priory. 
Being  situated  in  a  district  where  attacks 
might   be  expected,  preparations  for  de- 
fence were  made  in  its  original  constmc- 
tion.    The  building  of  the  original  cbardi 
probably  took  thirty  or  forty  years ;  but 
of  that  structure  few  portions  now  remain. 
Of  the   Norman    choir    and    presbytery 
there  is  nothing  left.     Early  in  the  thir- 
teenth century  those  piirts  of  the  structure 
which  are  in  the  Early  English  style  were 
erected,  and  probably  on  a  much  larger 
scale  than  those  of  the  Norman  church  ; 
it  is  a  very  beautiful  example  of  the  ordi- 
nary Lancet  style,  not  presenting  the  pe- 
culiar features  borrowed  by  St.  David's 
and  LUndafffrom  Bristol  and  Somerset- 
shire churches.    The  presbytery  was  not 


bailt  wilh  iuIm,  buE  had 
■mogemeiit  of  afaipeli 
neclrd  with  the  prcabjlcrj  bj  two  Tcrj 
smill  BtohM.     ThM  irrangtment  ou  Ihc 
north  lide  hm  beta  quite  altcrcii  at  a  m 
rreent  period,  and  the  two  cliapcls  tlirc 
into  one  luge  one.     Within,  mark*  of  i 
pointed  gabin  ibnir  that  it  originatlj  ' 
B  doable  roar.     Mr.   Freenian   proceeaed      L.iiDnaDii 
to  deicribc  at  great  lEoglh  the  different      named  ii 
part*  of  the  eJifice.     The  nare  rclaini  the      the  verj  < 
Norman  p>er>,  but  tbe  capitelt,  arches,      eyea  upoi 
:  been  gradually  rebuilt 


the  Decorated  perioJ. 

Chri«t'i>  College  in  Br< 

of  a  body  of  Domini 

in  Henry  the  Eighth's 

Abergvili  nii  tranila 

of  the  he){ging  fiiara  bad,  m  aome  casei 

at  least,  navet  without  Craniept*,  without 

Cowera,  or.  at  all  eventi,  withont  a  centre 

tower.  He  hi  "  -  - 


fourteenth,)  thi-rr  it  a 

tower  detached  from  the  chuttli,  of  which 

there  are  other  eiaoiplet.    The  church  at 

Talgarlh    it    a    lery   cnrioui   one.      The 

towera   of    Llanfihangrl,    Llnngotsc.    and 

LlaDhamlach,  all  hang  together  i  the  Isal 

named  ia  the  beat  of  them.     Calhcdiawai 

!iC  church   he  bad  ever  caat 

liaiiag  something  between  a 

trsDaept  ■ 


n'bst  was  called     preternatural ly  long  traniept  ut  Ibe  other, 

)D  waa  the  church      producing  an   effect   which    it   is  almoat 

n  fiiara,  to  which      impauibjit    to    drscHhe.     Llaaddew    and 

me  the  collegB  of      Chriat'a  College  may  diipute  the  palm  for 

1.     The  chnrcbea      ehorchea  in   the  worat  condition  in  any 

ad,  ID  aome  casei     part  of  the  world.     Tbe  palace   in  the 

parish  contaiai  a  doorway  built  by 

(ioner  in  the  foarleeiith   century, 

in  a  rery  dilapidated  conditioa. 

Parker,  o(  Oifaril,  alter     '  " 


land  (hem  all 
very  much  alike.  The  one  at  Brecon  had 
been  in  aome  part*  so  pBtebcd  and  pulUd 
abont  that  it  was  very  dIScuIt  to  make 
out.  It  had  neither  iraoiepl  nor  tower. 
The  eleven  Lancet  winilows  ou  tte  north 
aide  of  the  chancel,  all  connected,  form 
ons  of  (he  miiii  beautiful  thinga  of  the 
kind  which  he  bad  ever  »een.  'Ilie  chapel 
on  the  north  aide  of  the  nate  had  been 
lengthened  into  an  niste  at  a  later  date. 
If  there  BTer  was  a  chancel-arch  it  has 
been  completely  destroyed.  The  nave  is 
now  DD roofed  and  open.  St.  Mary's 
cbnrcb,  although  not  so  fine  aa  the  othor 
two,  it  by  no  means  contemptible,  and  he 
hoped  that  it  would  nut  br  pulled  down, 
as  had  been  propoied.  He  cooiidered  the 
church  to  have  been  originally  a  very  small      Tbe  caiile  of  Crickhc 


.   Freemi 
igi^  of  the  added  arches  of  S 


he  a 


r    dctaili 


Norniao  building, 
tbe  nave,  the  woik  rather  rqdc, 
respectible.  In  most  Webb  chi 
found  the  ouiliue  good,  but  Ih 
generally  defective.  When  Ibi 
were  gond,  from  the  atrong  ren 
which  they  bore  to  the  work  in  uriitoi 
and  Someraelshire.  he  Ihonght  they  were 
the  work  of  artisls  from  Ibence.  Tbe 
church  bad  been  enlarged  lu  a  ruder  style, 
in  the  thirteenth  century  tbe  east,  and  in 
the  flfteentfa  (he  west  end— tbe  latter  by  a 
lesarudearchitecL  Finally,  in  the  fifteenth 
or  lixleenlh  ccctury  the  tower  wa*  bailt, 
probably  by  aome  one  fetched  from  Bristol. 
The  wett  window  he  considered  to  be  also 
the  work  of  a  Bristol  artist :  the  ea 
of  some  one  resident  on  the  spot. 
same  type  of  cross-church  as  that  of  Brecon 
may  be  found  at  CHckhowel,  not  to  good 
aa  the  former,  hnl  remarkable  for  the 
■pire.  At  Llanfilo  tbey  had  leea  an  ex- 
ceedingly good  rood-loft — a  part  of  the 
church  Dot  uucommonlj  remaiaiug  in 
0«(.T.  Mao.  Vol.  XL. 


earlier  period,  ei pressed  his  concurrence 
wilh  thut  genttemaa  on  other  points.  The 
tower-arch  is  one  of  the  fineil  features  in 
the  church ;  and  lie  did  not  know  why  it 
should  be  hidden  fiom  view.  In  reference 
to  Chrisl'i  College,  he  obieried  that  the 
roof  of  the  refectory  ii  a  fine  timbered  One 
of  the  faorteenth  cenlnij. 

If.  PaweU  Price,  esq.  of  Caatle  Madoc. 
read  a  paper  tipoa  certain  ancient  customs 
JQ  tbe  lordship  attncbed  to  Crickbowel 
Castle,  m  the  reign  of  Eliubeth,  eitracted 
from  a  copy  of  a  document  in  the  archirca 
'  ■'  "  '  '  "  '  "  '  BadmialOD. 
Ibe  reign  of 
Third,  became  the  properly  of 
Sir  Griflibald  Pauncefote  by  marriage  with 
the  beire>s  of  Hugh  Turberville.  In  Ibe 
reign  of  Henry  tbe  Sixth  il  became  the  pro- 
perty of  the  Croxn.  Edward  the  Fourth 
gave  >t  to  Sir  W.  Herbert.  Earl  of  Pem- 
broke, whose  grand- daughter  married  Sir 
Charles  Somenel,  afterwards  Earl  of  Wor- 
cester ;  and  from  him  it  has  descended  to 
tbe  present  Dukeof  Beaufort.  In  tbe  Aib 
Elii.  a  cocDmissioo  was  granted  b*  tbe 
Earl  of  Worceater  to  Sir  R.  Vaughtn,  knt. 
and  others,  at  the  special  suit  of  the  tenants 
of  the  manor  and  lofdahip  of  Ciickhowel, 
to  confirm  npon  oalh  those  cnaloma  which 
were  proved  to  be  due  upon  them.  Ac- 
that  cordingly,  a  body  of  ancient  cusloms  waa 
Tbe  framed,  from  which  be  bad  eitracted  inch 
as  particularly  expressed  the  power  eier- 


ited  by  the  lord  within  hia  lordship,  n 
eapecially  ai  indicated  by  the  scrtices 
poaed  upon  hia  Welali  tenants.  By 
oath  of  the  homagers,  tbe  tenant 
bound  to  come  before  the  lord  kneeli 
3T 


was  - 

d 


506 


Meeting  of  the 


[Not. 


acknowledging  the  lands,  &c.  held  of  him, 
"  closing  his  handes  within  the  lordes/' 
and  swearing  with  his  whole  heart  and 
sonl  to  love  his  lord  ahove  all  things,  and 
to  defend  him  :  the  lord  was  then  to  kiss 
himi  and  then  the  tenant  was  to  give  his 
lord  the  sum  of  5/.  The  Welsh  tenant 
was  to  give  to  his  lord,  at  his  making  a 
knight,  8^.  to  huy  him  a  horse.  At  his 
first  coming  to  his  lordship,  and  again  at 
the  marrying  of  his  eldest  daughter,  the 
■aid  tenant  was  to  give  his  lord  lOi. ;  and 
to  his  son,  when  made  a  knight,  51,  All 
the  tenants  were  bound  to  pay  their  rents 
to  the  lord's  bailiff  on  certain  days  under 
pain  of  being  fined  for  their  neglect,  a 
Welsh  tenant  to  pay  10«.,  a  foreign  tenant 
7t.»  and  a  burgess  I2d,  Liberty  for  their 
beasts  to  feed  in  the  forest  was  to  be  paid 
for  with  a  hen  at  the  feast  of  St  Andrew, 
and  the  neglect  to  pay  the  hen  was  visited 
in  the  case  of  a  Welshman  with  a  fine  of 
lOf.,  if  a  foreigner  7«.,  if  a  burgess  I2d. 
The  tenants  were  also  bound  to  plough  the 
lord's  domains  at  certain  times.  There 
was  one  custom  of  singular  barbarity  :^- 
"  If  any  man  enters  the  said  parke,  and 
there  be  found,  that  he  ought  to  be  at- 
tached by  the  keeper  of  the  pnrke,  and  to 
be  kept  in  the  stocks  without  the  gate  of 
the  said  parke  till  he  paid  up,  or  else  to 
ioote  hit  right  foot  t  if  the  parke  be  closed 
round  about.''  A  large  portion  of  the 
remaining  customs  have  reference  to  the 
maintenance  of  weirs  and  mills.  AH  the 
Welsh  tenants  of  Llanelly,  Sec.  were  bound 
to  "sustain  and  repair  the  mill  of  Clydach 
upon  their  own  proper  costs  and  expenses/* 
and  t\»o  to  find  sufficient  water  for  it  at 
all  times  of  winter  and  summer,  under  a 

Senalty  of  lOs.  for  each  time  there  is  a 
efault  of  water.  A  similar  fine  of  10«. 
was  inflicted  in  case  the  rain  penetrated  to 
the  mill  through  a  defect  in  the  roof ;  or 
in  case  the  tenant  took  his  com  to  grind 
at  a  mill  out  of  the  lordship.  The  Welsh 
tenants  were  also  bound  to  repair  the  mill 
and  weir  of  Usk.  Mr.  Powell  remarked, 
that  these  conditions  are  all  eminently 
suggestive  of  a  spirit  of  conquest,  and 
tended  to  perpetuate  that  strong  senti- 
ment of  nationality  which  so  long  checked 
the  growth  of  a  warm  intercourse  between 
two  countries  recognising  the  same  sove- 
reign. 

Mr.  Allen  did  not  think  from  the  ex- 
tracts given  that  there  had  been  any  in- 
vidious distinction  between  English  and 
Welsh  tenants.  What  had  been  read  he 
considered  to  be  nothing  more  than  the 
terms  on  which  they  took  their  tenures ; 
the  matter  being  in  doubt,  the  commission 
had  only  been  issued  to  declare  what  was 
the  law. 
Mr.  Stephens  remarked  that,  if  there 


was  any  position  in  history  more  cleaiiy 
estabUsbed  than  another,  it  was  the  broad 
distinction  drawn  between  the  English  and 
the  Welsh.  It  was  so  in  Pembrokeshire, 
for  instance,  while  in  Breconshire  Tal- 
garth was  divided  into  English  and  Welsh 
Talgarth.  Not  very  long  before  the  time 
when  the  commission  referred  to  by  Mr. 
PoweU  Price  was  issued,  Sir  John  Price 
presented  a  petition  to  Henry  VIII.  pray- 
ing that  the  Welsh  might  be  governed  by 
the  same  laws  as  his  English  subjects. 
A  commission  was  consequently  appointed 
to  make  inquiries,  and,  although  no  re- 
port is  extant,  a  statute  was  passed  in  the 
thirty.fourth  year  of  that  king's  reign,  by 
which,  politically,  England  and  Wales 
were  united. 

On  Friday  morning  a  short  excursion 
was  made  to  the  Maendy,  or  stone-house, 
covering  a  well,  in  masonry  not  impro- 
bably of  the  1 4th  century,  lif  not  earlier, 
— to  the  small  British  camp  called  the 
Crag, — to  Llandefailog  church  and  stones, 
— and  to  the  site  of  the  ancient  Banvinm, 
which  commands  a  ford  of  the  Usk,  oppo- 
site the  village  of  Aberyscir.  Here  the 
entrenchments  were  clearly  made  out,  and 
some  fragments  of  Roman  bricks  were 
found.  At  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  dis- 
tant, is  a  Roman  sepulchral  monument, 
above  six  feet  high,  representing  in  relief 
the  figures  of  a  soldier  and  his  wife,  but 
called  Maen-y-Morwynion,  or  the  maid- 
ens' stone,  from  both  figures  beinff  taken 
for  females.  The  inscription  is  deflEuxd, 
but  one  of  the  visitors  thought  he  read 
Lavinia  uxor  ejus.  The  party,  having 
crossed  the  Usk,  afterwards  visited  the 
stone  of  Brycheiniog,  the  fine  fortified 
mansion  of  Newton,  and  the  churches  and 
castle  of  Brecon. 

At  the  evening  meeting  the  Rev.  G. 
Roberts  communicated  a  paper  on  the 
Priory  of  St.  John  the  Evangelist,  Brecon. 
This  priory  was  founded  by  Bernard  New- 
march,  and  built  without  the  walls  of  the 
castle  for  Benedictine  monks,  temp.  Hen. 
I.,  the  conquest  of  Brecon  having  been 
completed  about  the  year  1090.  It  was 
dedicated  to  St.  John,  and  affiliated  to 
Battle  Abbey.  Not  ouly  the  knight,  but 
his  followers  also,  devoted  a  share  of  the 
property  from  which  they  had  violently 
expelled  the  unhappy  Welshmen  to  the 
enriching  of  the  new  foundation.  We  can 
imagine  the  indignation  of  the  natives  when 
they  saw  the  daughter  of  Battle  Abbey 
rising  in  fair  proportions  upon  the  ridge 
close  to  the  sullen  Norman  castle,  re- 
minding them  at  one  glance  of  a  foreign 
crown,  a  foreign  lord,  a  foreign  hierarchy, 
and  their  own  lands  wrested  from  them  to 
support  a  crown  which  they  abjured,  a 
lord  whom  they  feared,  and  a  Church 


1853.]         Cambrian  Archaological  Association  at  JBrecon.  507 

tifiil  ecclesiastical   structures  within  the 
principality. 

J.  O.  Westwood,  esq.  commanicated 
the  following  catalogue  of  the  crosses,  in- 
scribed stones,  &c.  of  Breconshire. 

1 .  The  Maen-y-Morwynion  (already  de- 
scribed), which  must  have  been  a  beautiful 
work  of  art,  but  exposure  to  the  weather 
has  nearly  defaced  all  its  features.  To  the 
same  period  belong 

2.  The  small  stone  of  Valens,  fixed  into 
a  pillar  of  the  gate  of  Mr.  Court's  resi- 
dence, close  to  Tretower  castle. 

3.  The  stone  of  Peregrinus,  built  into 
the  wall  of  a  house  joining  the  orchard  of 
the  same  castle. 

4.  Another  stone  of  the  Roman  periodi 
forming  the  lintel  of  a  beast-house  on  the 
west  side  of  the  road  from  Brecon  to  Mer* 
thyr.  One  end  is  built  into  the  wall,  so 
that  the  beginning  of  the  inscription  ia 
hidden.  The  visible  part  is  i  cuis  in  BOO 
TUMULO  in  Roman  capitals  slightly  de- 
based in  form,  except  the  h,  which  is 
uncial. 

5.  The  Miliary  stone  figured  by  Strange 
(Archseologia,  vol.  iv.),  between  Coelbren 
and  Mynydd  Caer,  inscribed  marc. 

6.  The  stone  formerly  at  Yaenor,  figured 
in  Jones's  History  of  Brecknockshire,  aaid 
to  have  been  destroyed  at  Merthyr  Tydfil. 
The  inscription,  as  read  by  Taliesin  Wil- 
liams, was  TiB£RiU8  CATiRi,  sceming  to 
indicate  a  Roman-British  worthy. 

Of  the  period  which  may  be  termed 
Roman-British,  during  which  the  influence 
of  the  Roman  occupation  still  survived^ 
although  in  a  gradually  diminishing  stele, 
Mr.  Westwood  mentioned — 

7.  The  Turpilian  stone,  lying  in  a  hedge 
near  Crickbowel. 

8.  The  Yictorinus  stone,  in  a  hedge  by 
the  roadside  at  Scethrog,  formerly  used  ae 
a  garden-roller. 

9.  The  Dervacus  stone,  or  Maen  Madoc, 
on  the  Sam  Helen,  near  Ystradfellte* 
These  inscriptions  are  in  Latin  of  debaaed 
Roman  capitals.  The  last-named  stone 
has  the  inscription  still  perfectly  legible  i 

DERVACI  PILlUa  lYLII  IC  lACIT. 

We  now  arrire  at  the  Christian  period, 
and  have  to  regret  the  loss  of  several  me- 
morials of  the  early  Christianity  of  Wales* 
One  of  these,  No.  10,  was  in  H.  Llwyd*e 
time  used  as  a  cross  in  the  highway  in 
Yaenor  parish.  It  was  inscribed  with  a 
cross,  and  the  words  in  nomink  d(b)x 
iLus,  or  FiLUS,  in  letters  similar  to  thoee 
used  in  the  seventh  and  eighth  centuriee. 

11.  The  cATACos  inscription,  inserted 
into  the  south  wall  of  the  charch  of 
Cwm-do. 

12.  The  stone  inscribed  catoc,  formerlj 
forming  the  threshold  of  the  choroli  oif 
Llandefailog,  now  destroyed. 


which  was  eager  to  supplant  their  own. 
lu  the  charter  we  have — first,  Bernard's' 
grant  of  a  certain  church  which  he  had 
caused  to  be  dedicated  in  honour  of  St. 
John  for  the  health  of  the  souls  of  his  lord 
Henry,  his  father  King  William,  his  own 
father  and  mother,  his  wife,  his  sons,  his 
daughters,  and  all  his  ancestors  alive  and 
dead.  Then  follows  a  list  of  the  endow- 
ments, which  were  partly  in  Wales,  and 
partly  in  Herefordshire.  Bernard  married 
Nest,  or,  as  the  Norman  monks  who  drew 
the  charter  call  her,  Agnes,  daughter  of 
Llewelyn  ap  Gryffydd,  Prince  of  Wales,  a 
lady  who,  although  she  was  a  slight  link 
of  sympathy  between  the  conquerors  and 
the  conquered,  reflected  little  credit  in 
after-life  upon  the  princely  line  whence 
she  descended.  In  enumerating  the  gifts 
of  Bernard,  the  scriveners  of  those  days, 
who  were  probably  Norman  monks,  seem 
to  have  caught  them  from  the  native 
tongue,  and  shaped  them  into  Latin  ety- 
mology  as  nearly  as  sound  and  spelling 
could  be  brought  together.  The  approxi- 
mation, however,  was  not  very  close,  and 
hence  it  is  difficult  to  identify  the  places 
with  their  Wehih  names.  The  monks, 
however,  knew  very  well  the  boundaries  of 
the  manors,  &c.  banded  to  them.  Ber- 
nard's followers  were  equally  liberal  with 
their  master.  The  priory  became  charged 
with  the  annual  payment  of  20«.  to  the 
original  foundation  at  Battle,  whence  also 
came  W^alter,  a  friend  of  Roger,  by  whom 
probably  the  first  building  was  erected, 
and  who  was  elected  first  prior.  Mahel, 
son  of  Bernard,  being  disinherited  by  his 
mother  Nest  (whose  paramour  he  had 
wounded),  swearing  that  he  was  illegiti- 
mate, the  estate  came  to  Sybil,  the  daughter 
of  Bernard,  whom  King  Henry  bestowed 
with  the  land  upon  Milo,  son  of  the  Con- 
stable of  Gloucester  and  Hereford,  whom 
that  king  created  Earl  of  Hereford,  whose 
sous  all  died  without  issue.  Two  of  them 
were  munificent  patrons  of  the  priory.  At 
their  decease  their  estates  were  divided 
among  their  three  sisters,  who  married 
into  the  great  families  of  Bohun,  Braose, 
and  Herbert,  and  each  enlarged  the  ori- 
ginal possessions  of  the  priory  ;  yet,  after 
all,  from  the  poverty  of  the  country,  not 
from  any  deficiency  in  the  area  over  which 
the  dues  were  levied,  the  Priory  at  the 
dissolution  was  not  worth  more  than 
131/.  lU.  4  J.  per  annum  from  all  its  pos- 
sessiions.  In  1537  the  house  was  dissolved} 
a  vestige  only  remains  of  its  precincts  ; 
but  the  noble  Priory  church  still  exists, 
retaining  traces  of  the  original  architec- 
ture in  the  time  of  Bernard  de  Newmarch, 
but  amplified  and  ornamented  by  succes- 
sive generations,  until  it  stands,  as  we  see 
it,  one  of  the  most  interesting  and  beau- 


608 


Antiquai*ian  Researches. 


[Not. 


13.  The  figure  of  a  warrior,  rudely 
figured  by  Strange,  fixed  in  the  church- 
yard of  Llandefailog.  The  inscription 
commences  with  a  cross,  which  could 
hardly  be  surmised  from  the  representation 
published  of  it. 

14.  A  stone  built  into  the  tower  of 
Merthyr  Tydfil  church,  which  bears  a 
slightly  ornamented  cross,  and  the  word 

ASTBBU. 

15.  A  stone  inserted  in  the  tower  of 
Defynoc  church,  also  bearing  an  orna- 
mmted  cross,  and  an  inscription  turned 
upside  down;  in  one  line  the  name  iiven- 
DONi,  in  mixed  characters. 

16.  The  inscribed  stone  on  the  Gelly- 

Saer  mountain,  near  Merthyr,  now  almost 
efaced  ;  the  last  three  letters  tni. 

17.  Another  stone  used  in  the  con- 
■tmction  of  the  old  church  at  Cwm-du. 
It  bears  an  inscribed  cross  on  one  side, 
and  on  the  other  the  words  ic  jacet  still 
remain. 

Sereral  other  interesting  stones  are  also 
mentioned,  although  destitute  of  inscrip- 
tion, yet  bearing  eridence  of  Christian 
me  by  baring  the  cross  inscribed  upon 
them  in  a  more  or  less  ornamental  manner. 

18.  One  of  these  is  figured  by  Jones  at 
Yftradfellte  on  Pen-y-mynydd  ;  a  square 
upright  block  on  one  side,  bearing  a  Mal- 
tese cross,  with  three  small  dots,  with  a 
triangle  in  each  space  between  the  arms, 
surroundfd  by  a  circle  which  is  extended 
in  a  narrow  stem  formed  of  two  lines. 

19.  Numerous  small  crosses  and  cross- 
like marks  cut  in  the  side  of  the  crom- 
lech at  LHnhamwIch. 

20.  The  beautifully  ornamented  stone 
built  into  the  corner  of  a  cottage  at  Llan- 
gynnia  called  Neuadd  Scarmaen. 

21.  A  small  stone  in  the  churchyard  of 
Llanspyddid,  considered  as  the  gravestone 
of  Brychan  Brycbeiniog.  It  bears  a  small 
Maltese  cross  in  a  circle,  with  four  smaller 
circles  in  the  outside,  and  one  in  the 
centre. 

22.  A  carved  stone,  bearing  a  cross  in  a 
circle  with  other  ornaments,  built  into  the 
churchyard  wall  at  Llangaroarch. 

23.  A  stone  at  Penmyarth. 

S4.  The  stone  erected  by  "  Johannes 
Moridic"  at  Llanhamwlch  is  evidently 
more  recent  (possibly  eleventh  or  twelfth 
century.) 

25.  The  circular  basin  in  the  foot  at 
Patrishew. 

26.  The  font  in  Brecon  priory,  with 
an  inscription  which  has  never  been  de- 
ciphered. 

27.  The  font  at  Defynoc. 

Mr.  Basil  Jones  remarked  that  the  stone 
built  into  the  parsonat^e  wall  at  Llanham- 
wlch  is  inscribed  "  Pro  salute  Johannes 
Meredic  surrexit  hunc  lapidem.'"    The  use 


of  the  word  turrexit  was  characteriatic  of 
the  local  idiom,  it  being  still  oommou  io 
the  district  to  say  "  he  rose*'  for  **  he 
raised"  the  stone.  Mr.  Westwood  had 
alluded  to  floriated  crosses  of  the  thirteenth 
and  fourteenth  centuries,  but  he  (Mr. 
Jones)  thought  that  the  floriated  croas 
tombstones  of  the  sixteenth  and  aeven- 
teenth  centuries,  which  are  so  common  in 
the  Breconshire  churches,  were  still  more 
remarkable.  They  were  of  course  only 
copies  of  the  older  stones,  but  done  in  a 
manner  well  worthy  careful  examination. 

SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES  OF  NBW- 
CASTLE-UPON-TYNK. 

Oct.  5.  At  the  monthly  meeting  Dr. 
Charlton  exhibited  a  variety  of  fragments, 
gathered  at  Bcnwell,  the  Conderevm  of 
the  Romans,  in  digging  the  foundations 
of  a  house  for  Mr.  Mnlcaster.  There 
were  several  old  coins,  pieces  of  Samian 
ware,  fragments  of  weapons  of  war,  and 
a  number  of  distafi'-rings,  one  of  them 
particularly  handsome ;  also  a  hammer- 
head of  stone,  the  implement  of  more 
ancient  occupiers  of  British  soil  than  the 
Romans. 

Mr.  George  Bouchier  Richardson  read 
his  collections  on  the  introduction  of  the 
glass  manufacture  on  the  Tyne.  Having 
devoted  a  few  pages  to  the  origin  and 
general  history  of  the  manufacture  of 
glass,  he  then  descended  to  local  particu- 
lars, commencing  with  a  payment  of 
lU.  6d,  in  1554  **  for  a  cradle  of  glasse" 
for  the  Merchants'  Court  of  Newcastle. 
In  1585,  William  Huntley,  Newcastle  mer- 
chant, imported  **  one  cheste  of  glass," 
by  the  Fortune,  of  Accarstott ;  and  Henry 
Chapman  nine  chests  by  the  Falcon,  of 
London.  In  May,  1594,  the  Corporation 
paid  32«.  9d.  "for  a  cheste  of  glass  for 
mending  the  glass  windows  in  Saint  Nicbo- 
lus  churche  so  far  as  the  steeple  reachethe.** 
In  this  century  the  manufacture  was  intro- 
duced into  England,  and  Mr.  Richardson 
cited  from  the  Lansdowne  MSS.  three  im- 
portant documents  respecting  it.  The  first 
is  a  paper  in  French,  **  done  at  Windsors 
the  ix.  of  August,  1567,"  by  Antoine 
Becque  {alias  Dolin)  and  John  Quarre. 
They  had  heard  by  Monsieur  Nichayson 
that  Lord  Burghley  had  hinted  to  her  Ma- 
jesty concerning  their  matter,  and  that  she 
was  agreeable  thereunto,  and  was  satisfied 
with  a  toll.  His  lordship  should  have  their 
"  never-ending  thanks,"  and  the  more  snb-> 
stantial  reward,  for  life,  of  *'  the  halfpenny 
of  every  tenpence  that  they  should  sell." 
In  1568,  an  undertaking  was  entered  into 
by  Thomas  and  Balthazar  de  Hennesea, 
esquires,  dwelling  at  the  glass-houses  in 
the  Vosges,  in  the  countrie  of  Lorraine, 
and  John  Chevallier,  chatelain  and  recey- 


1H53.] 


Antiquarian  Pe$earches. 


S09 


vaar  of  Pontencr  le  Chiitdlr,  which  refers 
tn  the  (iririlege  ilrcid;  obtaiDsH  by  "  Jobn 
Qanrre  of  Anlnerp,  it  thii  present  rrsi- 
dciit  in  London,"  <n  hii  own  nime  and 
(hat  or  Chevallier,  "to  make  ind  buildc 
in  England  OTcni  to  make  great  gUu," 
and  then  rclalei  that  the  too  Henneiea 
had  agreed  lo  transport  Iheanelrea  to 
Englfmd,  to  build  Ibire  two  oxns.  and 
biiog  iritb  them  four  "  gentlemen  glnsiers, 
tbat  is  to  laye,  two  terrieara  and  two 
gBthertrs."  teceiTing  two  hundred  crowns 
a  year,  sod  diriding  the  anrplus  profit,  the 
psrtncnhip  to  eodure  ftir  nine  yean.  Tlie 
third  document  is  a  petition  addressed  to 
Lard  Burghley  by  one  George  Longe,  in 
or  about  1589,  in  which  the  pntent  of 
Anthony  Do llyne  and  JabnCaryc^Qnnrre), 
merchants  of  llie  Low  Countric*,  granted 
in  Sept.  9  Elii.  for  twenty. one  years,  is 
again  referred  to,  but  nbich  is  slated  to 
hale  become  Toid  about  six  yenrs  after  (be 
grant,  rrom  non- perform snce  of  covcDints, 

work  diverg  gUss-buuses  in  sundry  parts 
of  the  realm.  "  About  rij.  yean  past," 
Lange  reminds  the  Lord  Treasurer,  "  your 
lionnnr  called  them  that  kept  the  glaai- 
houies  before  you,  to  know  who  thoald 
pay  the  Queen  ■  custom ;  wbose  answer 
generally  was,  that  there  was  no  custom 
due  but  by  conditions  of  a  gpeeial  prUi' 
lege  which  no  one  of  Ibem  did  enjoy. 


establiibod  glassworks  on  the  Tyne  at 
Newcastle  in  the  teign  of  Elizabeth.— It 
was  conjectured  that  [he  Henielli  de- 
scended from  the  brothers  De  Uenneaei, 
but  Ihii  appears  lo  require  confirmatinn. 

At  the  close  of  his  instructive  paper,  it 
was  suggested  that  there  might  be  leasM 
ill  poieestion  of  the  carporatioa  which 
would  throw  light  upon  the  quettiin.  Mr. 
Clayton,  tlie  town  clerk,  said  tliat  General 
Leien  and  other  tniagers  bad  despoiled 
Newcastle  of  her  recordsi  bat  if.  amon^t 
those  remaining,  there  were  any  which 
could  be  of  aasialaoce  to  Mr.  Richardson 
in  his  researches,  they  were  at  bis  senice. 
The  paper  was  a  very  goad  one  at  it  stood, 
but  he  thought  Mr.  Richardson  might 
titend  it  with  advsotage. — Mr.  Richard- 
ion  thanked  the  [own  clerk  for  his  liberal 
offer,  and  said  he  would  avail  himself  of  it. 


they  w 


opay  e 


commodities  made  within  the  reslm.  Ttius 
(continues  Longe)  bath  her  Majesty  been 
deceived,  and  still  will  be,  witbant  refor- 
mation [be  had]."  Upon  Ihoe  arguments 
Long  proceeds  lo  beg  the  monopoly  for 
himself,  promising  to  erect  only  two  glass- 
houses in  England,  where  he  itnles  there 
were  then  fifteen,  but  others  that  might  be 
requiredin  Ireland.  By  this  scheme,  "the 
woods  of  England  will  be  preserved  :  the 
luperfnoDs  woods  of  Ireland  wasted. — 
than  which,  in  time  of  rebellion,  her  Ma- 
jesiy  halb  no  greater  enemy  there.  The 
country  will  be  mach  atieogthcaed,  for 
every  glasa.housewiilbesogood  ■*  twenty 
men  in  garrison  :  and  the  country  will  be 
sooner  brought  to  civility,  for  many  poor 
folk  shall  be  set  on  work."  For  this  he 
pramiied  a  double  custom  lo  ber  Majesty, 
to  keep  Lord  Burghley's  buildings  in  re- 
pair with  the  heat  glass,  and  to  bestow  one 
hundred  angels  at  bis  honour's  appoint- 
ment. Mr.  Richardson  was  conitrained 
to  confeai  tbat  "  we  have  only  the  slen- 
derest circumstantial  evidence  to  indnce  a 
belief  that  the  manufacture  of  glass  was 
established  on  the  Tyne  before  the  coming 
of  Jamea,"  hoc  still  he  was  inclined  to 
credit  (he  assertion  of  Bonrne  the  New- 
castle  historian,  that  the  Heniella.Ty sacks, 
BndTytoryi,  PtiilesUnts  ttom  Lcmune, 


Thb  society,  which  has  been  for  some 
time  in  a  state  of  embryo,  was  iDaognraled 
under  very  promising  auspices  on  the 
12th  of  October.  The  meeting  took  place 
in  the  Town  Hall  at  Devizes,  when  the 
Marquess  of  Lsnsdowae,  the  Lord  Ueu- 
teoant  of  the  county,  took  the  chair,  and 
opened  (he  ptoceediugi  in  an  introductory 
address.  The  report  of  the  Vrotiaional 
Commitlee  recounted  the  purchase  for 
150/.  of  Mr.  Britten's  Wiltshire  collections 
(as  already  noliced  in  a  former  number 
of  this  Magaiine),  and  the  consequent  re- 
solution Uken  lo  form  a  local  society  for 
the  promotion  of  all  objects  connected 
with  (he  general  topography  af  (be  county. 
It  was  stated  that  about  150  persons  bad 
enrolled  themselves  members  of  the  pro- 
posed association.  The  adoption  of  the 
report  was  proposed  by  Sir  John  Awdry, 
and  seconded  by  K.  P.  Nisbet.  esq.  H. 
A.  Merewether,  esq.  a.C.  Recorder  of 
Deviies,  moved  a  resolution,  "  That  % 
society  be  formed,  to  be  called  The  Will- 
shire  Archseological  and  Natural  History 
Society.  Bnd  that  its  objects  shall  be  the 
cultivation  of  and  collecting  information 
on  Ardueology  and  Natural  History  in 
tbeir  various  branches,  and  to  collect  • 
Library  and  Museum  illastmling  the  His- 
tory, natural,  civil,  and  ecclcsiBslie,  of 
the  county  of  Wilts."  This  was  seconded 
by  Lieut. -Colon el  H.  S.  Olivier.  The 
rules  and  regulations  were  then  read  by 
Rev.  J.  E.  Jackson,  Rector  uf  Uigb 


Delan 


leof  I 


e  Gcner 


ad  adopted  unanimously.  The  Rev.  A. 
I..  Smith,  Vicar  of  Yatcsbuty.  moved  ■ 
resolulion  that  the  collection  formed  by 
Mr.  Britton  should  become  the  property 
of  the  society  •.  which  wai  seconded  by 
Dr-Thnmam.  The  Vca.  Archdeacon  Mac- 


510 


Antiquarian  ResBarches. 


[Nov. 


donald  moved  and  G.  H.  W.  Heueage,  esq. 
M.P.  seconded  that  the  Marqaess  of  Laos- 
downe  be  requested  to  become  the  Patroa 
of  the  Society  ;  to  which  his  Lordship 
at  GDCc  assented.  Mr.  Sotheron,  M.P. 
moved  and  Mr.  11.  M.  Clarke  seconded  a 
proposal  that  George  Poulett  Scrope,  esq. 
■hoald  take  the  office  of  President :  where- 
upon Mr.  Scrope  proposed  and  Mr.  Brit- 
ton  seconded  a  resolution  of  thanks  to  the 
Noble  Lord  Lieutenant  for  his  kindness 
in  having  patronised  tlie  society  by  his 
name,  presence,  and  influence. 

Mr.  Poulett  Scrope  then  proceeded  to 
read  an  inaugural  address  :  in  which,  after 
tome  eloquent  remarks  on  the  general 
advantages  derived  from  the  study  of 
archeology,  he  took  the  following  review 
of  the  antiquities  of  Wiltshire  : — "There 
ii  scarcely  a  county  in  England  whose 
local  history  has  been  so  much,  till  very 
lately,  neglected,  or  where  so  much,  even 
now,  remains  to  be  accomplished.  And 
yet  how  rich  is  it  in  matters  of  command- 
mg  interest  to  the  historian  and  antiquary  ! 
In  the  uncertainty  which  rests  on  the 
early  annals  of  the  island,  through  the 
want  of  written  records,  or  the  fables  and 
contradictions  of  such  as  we  possess,  His- 
tory turns  for  information  to  the  monu- 
ments of  antiquity  which  the  primitive 
inhabitants  have  left  upon  its  surface. 
And  where  upon  that  entire  area  are  to  be 
found  remains  of  this  class  in  any  degree 
comparable  to  the  wonderful  Celtic  tem- 
ples, and  tumuli,  and  earthworks,  with 
which  our  county  abounds  ?  Stonehcnge 
and  Avebury  are  to  Britain  what  the  Pyra- 
mids are  to  Egypt — the  colossal  and  mys- 
terious relics  of  an  otherwise  unrecorded 
age  and  people  !  Passing  on  to  a  period, 
the  darkness  of  which  is  penetrated  by 
some  faint  gleams  of  historical  light — that 
of  the  Roman  occupation  of  the  island — 
we  find  the  vestiges  of  those  military 
propagators  of  civilization  and  art,  their 
roads,  camps,  stations,  villas,  thickly  strewn 
over  the  soil  of  our  county,  attesting 
their  lengthened  residence  here.  In  a 
still  later  age  Wiltshire  is  known  to  have 
been  one  of  the  chief  theatres  of  the  san- 
guinary and  protracted  warfare  waged  by 
the  invading  Danes  and  Saxons  with  the 
aboriginal  Britons  and  with  one  another. 
Within  its  limits  the  heroic  Arthur,  and 
still  more  illustrious  Alfred,  contended  at 
different  periods  for  the  liberty  of  their 
country,  and  won  their  most  celebrated 
victories.  Again,  when  the  Normans  had 
in  turn  conquered  the  isle,  and  imposed 
their  feudal  system  on  the  self-governed 
Saxons,  this  district  was  the  chief  battle- 
field in  that  remarkable  contest  between 
rival  sovereigns  and  their  mailed  barons, 
the  issae  of  which  determined  not  only 


the  ruling  dynasty,  but  also  the  constitu- 
tional character  of  the  realm ;  and  the 
dwarfed  remains  of  the  baronial  strong- 
holds of  Samm,  pf  Ludgershall,  of  De- 
vixes,  Malmesbury,  and  Marlborough  are 
invested  with  a  halo  of  interest  from  their 
connection  with  the  fierce  and  desolating 
struggles  of  that  stormy  period.  At  a 
much  later  epoch  of  civil  warfare,  that  of 
the  Great  Rebellion,  and  again  in  the 
Revolution  of  1688,  this  county  was  like- 
wise the  scene  of  important  events,  deeply 
interesting  to  the  constitutional  historian.** 
Mr.  Scrope  next  alluded  to  the  magnificent 
work  on  ancient  Wiltshire  by  Sir  R.  C. 
Hoare,  and  to  the  "  Modem  Wiltshire," 
in  which  the  same  author  and  his  coad- 
jutors had  illustrated  the  southern  division 
of  the  county.  In  that  work,  he  stated, 
fifteen  out  of  its  twenty-nine  hundreds 
have  been  described,  "  but  they  are,  gene- 
rally speaking,  neither  the  most  extensive, 
nor  the  most  important.  The  undescribed 
fourteen  hundreds  comprehend  by  far  the 
largest  half  of  the  shire. 

**  The  magnificent  and  early  monastery  of 
Malmesbury,  second  only  to  Glastbnbury 
in  the  whole  West  of  England  ;  those  of 
Edyngton,  Bradenstoke,  Kington,  Brad- 
field,  and  Monkton  Farleigh;  the  import- 
ant town  in  which  we  are  now  assembled, 
with  its  castle  of  the  twelfth  century ; 
Marlborough,  which  also  figured  largely 
in  the  baronial  wars  of  that  period;  Cors- 
ham,  the  palatial  residence  of  our  Saxon 
kings ;  Chippenham,  still  retaining  its 
pure  Saxon  name,  the  station  of  Alnvd's 
court  and  army  for  years  both  before  and 
after  his  decisive  victory  over  the  Danes 
in  the  immeUate  neighbourhood;  Cahae, 
Cricklade,  Highworth,  Wootton  Basset, 
Ludgershall,  towns  whose  early  possession 
of  the  elective  franchise  attests  their 
ancient  importance;  Trowbridge,  Brad- 
ford, and  Melksham,  for  centuries  past 
the  flourishing  seats  of  the  staple  manu- 
facture of  the  country,  and  the  cradles  of 
some  of  its  wealthiest  proprietary  families; 
the  venerable  and  handsome  churches 
which  abound  in  the  north  of  the  county, 
as,  to  mention  only  a  few  examplea, 
Bishop's  Cannings,  Great  Bedwin,  Steeple 
Ashton,  Seend,  Sherston,  Lydiard-Tre- 
gosc,  Purton,  and  Kington  ; — all  this,  and 
much  more,  remains  as  yet  undescribed,  or 
nearly  so,  and  its  history  a  blank.  The  same 
must  be  said  of  many  seats  of  the  ancient 
nobility  and  gentry  of  the  county — Tot- 
tenham, with  its  quasi-royal  forest,  so  long 
the  residence  of  the  Seymours  and  the 
Bruces ;  Littlecot,  one  of  the  most  inter- 
esting and  best  preserved  manorial  houses 
of  the  kingdom ;  Charlton,  the  northern 
rival  of  Longleat ;  Corsham,  long  the 
chief  residence  of  the  wealthy  and  power- 


1853.] 


Antiquarian  Retearchet. 


fal  HnngBrfonJt ;  Bowood,  tbe  foTODrile 
retrest  of  more  tban  one  gcoention  of 
great  aUUimen,  ths  lioipitable  nsort  of 
nit,  poetrf,  lad  pbiloioph;,  lileiatare  uid 
highirl;  DnjcoC,  forcenturietlhrchoiea 
teat  of  the  eld«r*lackof  the  Loogii  Rood 
Aabton,  that  of  annther  branch  of  the 
■ame  ancieot  and  wcll.regirded  ramilft 
Bromhaoi.  Ibe  aeat  of  the  BBjotunj. 
Daiinticy,  of  the  Dsniertu,  Alderton  of 
tbs  Garea.  Swindon  of  the  Goddsrda, 
Bnrdrup  of  the  CaUeyi,  Lydjird  of  Chs 
St.  Johoi,  Dovm  Ampnejr  of  the  Hunger. 
fordi,  Vlllieriea,  snd  Ellioti,  wilh  maoj 
otbcra.  all  remain,  not  UDliDOirn,  of  course, 
bat  01  jct  Dndescrihed  ia  a  manner  worlbj 
of  llie  interest  which  juatly  attacbei  (o 
tlicm.  No  doubt  aome  userul  topogra- 
phical noticea  of  North  Wilta  hare  been 
Enbliahed  by  oor  worthy  and  venerable 
iend,  John  Brittoo,  to  whom,  for  tbii 
and  otLrr  of  bia  Itfc'long  labours  in  the 
canae  of  topography,  thecouuty  itandi,  in 
the  eslimation  1  am  sure  of  ua  all,  deeply 
indebted.  Bat  he  himaelf  would,  I  know, 
he  tbe  firat  to  admit  that  hia  rolumea  con- 
tain Tery  cnraory  and  inadcqoate  aketchea 
of  their  aabjecta." 

After  rerlewing  the  laboura  of  the  elder 
antiquariea  who  hare  illualrated  tha  aati- 
i|uilics  or  Englaad  at  large,  and  alluding 
to  tlie  MS.  coUcctione  for  Wiltibirc  made 
by  Aubrey,  Gore,  and  Tanner  {the  tnro  lat- 
ter of  which  bare  diaappcartd).  Mr.  Scropc 
urged  upon  hia  hcireri  the  renewal  of  in- 
icstigilion  into  the  materials  preaened  la 
public  and  private  arcbitea,  and  recom- 
meaded  the  preparation  and  publication 

with  Ibe  ultimate  view  of  fornung  ■  com- 
plete County  Uiatorj.  He  alio  adrocaled 
the  eUitna  of  the  central  county  museum 
of  aDtiqnitiet  and  Bpeclmen*  of  natural 
hiatory,  to  he  formed  round  Ibe  nn^ua 
of  tbe  cabinet  of  Mr.  Britlon.  lie  con- 
cluded irilb  aome  remarks  on  the  natnral 
bislaryof  tbe  county:  "  The  Geology  of 
Williliire  ia  not  verr  elaborate,  eitending 
only  from  the  London  Clay  to  the  Old 
Red  Saadatone,  but  Ibe  Palteontotogy  of 
till)  limited  range  ia  peculiarly  rich.  Tha 
foaails  uf  our  Green  Sand  beda  bare  an 
European  reputation,  chieRy  owing  to  two 
remarkable  coUectiooa — one  formed  by  ■ 
lady  in  thia  aeighbouibood,  Miaa  Benettj 
the  other  by  oar  reipected  honorary  aeeiv- 
tary.  Mi.  Cuaniagton.  The  Coral  Reg  ii 
nowhere  mora  ahuodant  in  aaapbytca,  am 

character  o(  an  ancient  coral  rci-.l,  Ui*n  in 
tbe  bill  range  running  nurtliwarda  from 
thii  town  ibrnagh  Bowood  aiul  lircnibiil. 
Our  Oxford  cUjs  are  peculiarly  rich  in 
cephalopoda.  Tbe  Kellawaya  ruck  ii 
known  to  oil  pologitta  for  ita  nra  voU 


Inaca.  Our  earn  brash  and  forest  marble 
beds-  are  little  else  tban  maaaea  of  organic 
remains.  The  laminated  tile-atooes  of  tbia 
formation,  in  their  ripple-marked  surfaces 
atrewcd  oier  with  fragments  of  coral  and 
n-ater-wom  shells,  and  impreaaed  with  (he 
footprints  of  cruataceK,  really  preaent  the 
exact  appearance  of  a  sandy  shore  just  left 
by  the  retiring  tide  i  though  we  know  that 
countleas  ages  mual  have  elapsed  since  the 
waiea  of  [he  ocean  broke  upon  tbem.  The 
Doliljc  limestone  of  Bradford  baa  giren  ila 
name  to  a  rare  and  curioua  variety  of  en- 
crinite.  Tbe  great  oolite  of  our  Cotawolds 
is  a  storehouse  of  organic  matter,  including 
reptilca  and  lishes.  And  the  lower  oolites 
aboand  in  molluscs.  In  foot,  few  counties 
offer  a  more  fertila  field  for  atndy  to  tbe 
patieoatologiBt.  And  ■  closer  exsminadon 
would  very  probably  diaoorer  many  new 
or  rare  apeciea  of  eitinct  animala,  atill 
further  to  enrich  the  Fauna  of  our  Wilt- 
abire  strata." 
The  Rev.  Arthur  Fane,  Vicar  of  War- 


ponied  with  an  eipreaslon  of  regret  lliat 
only  two  of  them  belonged  to  the  Southern 
dirision  of  Ibe  county.  Their  names  are, 
—tbe  Lord  Bishop  of  SaUabory,  Sir  J.  W, 
Awdry,  John  Brilton,  eaq.,  H.  M.  Clarke, 
caq.,  J.  N.  Gladatone,  eiij.  M.P.,  G.  H.W. 
Heneage.  esq.  M.F.,  the  Ri^ht  Hon. 
Sidney  Herbert.  M.P.,  Walter  Long,  esq. 
M.F.,  Joaeph  Neeld,  eaq.  M.F.,  R.  P. 
Niabet,  eiq.,  Lieut. -Colonel  H.  S.  Olirier, 
W-  W.  Salmon,  esq  ,  T.  H.  S.  Sotberan, 
eaq.  M.F.,  and  Earl  Bruce.  Tbe  Roi. 
Jamea  Bliaa,  of  Ogboume,  aeeonded  Ihe 
nomination.  Mr.  Whittey  propoaed,  and 
the  Be*.  B,  C.  Dowding  aeeonded  that  the 
Rei.  J.  C,  Jaekaon,  of  I^igh  Delamere,  and 
tbe  Re*.  W.  C.  Lukia,  of  Great  Bedwyn, 
should  be  appolnlrd  General  Secretaries  | 
the  namei  of  a  committee  were  proposed 
by  Mr,  Kenriek,  of  Mtlksham,  and  «a. 
CDoded  by  Mr,  Brilton;  and  Ibe  following 
gentlemen  were  appointed  Local  Secretariee, 
on  the  motion  of  the  Rec.  O.  Goddud, 
seconded  by  Mr.  Falkner  :  He*.  Jauai 
Blis),  Ogbourne  ;  Mr,  N.  J.  Highmore, 
Bradford  :  Mr.  N.  V.  Squarer,  Salisbury; 
Re*.  A.  C.  Smith,  Yateibnry;  Mr.  G,  C. 
Kenrick,  Melkaham  ;  Re*.  P.  Uar.  Bi- 
(bopstone;  Be*.  A.  Fane.  Warminsttr: 
Mr.  J.  FrangUn,  Ucrteaboryt  Mr.  W. 
Oamond.jnn.  &alubir};awl Mr. Wl|f~~~ 
Cnnningtuo,  DeibM 

A  dinner  after*" 
Ktar  lloul,  u  i 
aided;  and  tt 
waa  hcUl,  at  •• 


Utfft 


tec    U    tM 

1/  ^.ytW    jfcfBDV- vu     Mil    OW    hfS^^ 

:i   iL    y  tr'tMuTt-      M*    iirciin.  « 


»4/rijL#i  uiwjvmj  Mfczrrr. 
of 

!•  flkr  kttcut*  ^  fM  1M#  jUifeL  m,  \trjriL, 
iMMif  jet  MM  uvBb  Um  wBatm\ 

«f  pilW  eM:Jb,  <vr  U>e  reaptsctHre  br^t  of 

vf  *>»f  Fr» uc-Jt  Wjfa4U»tB.  of  Tr»-nl. 
ffi  dK  4(Mdb  *A  iu  v;f«  L«4f  Aas  Wjrjd- 
Imhi*  ^ft^  CfC  tJbe  Mureikder  <y  •»  aoouitT 
§m  \i0cf  \M  *A  ¥l^U.  %T%s^A  U  Cb«ric^ 
ILto  fbe  Mid  LsJjr  Am  Wjaibcto.  is 
Ac  19U»  fe»r  of  kit  f*^^;u,  **  io  cootidera- 
tfca,  M  reeit^id  ui  t/>e  Mid  dK>d«  c/  tbe 
Mlfc#«l  MTfieet  perforioeid  br  tibe  Ladj 
Ami  W^bdiuai,  to  txrtof  to«tnia*e'iUl  to 
Mt  pn^r^fiU*m  ^hJtt  cbe  battle  of  Wor- 
/'  HfyflM;  iotereftfiof  foMiU  aod 
e«rfo«iti«rf  in  nstar«l  biatory  were 
•Im  eibibtted. 

W,  Vinoej,  esq.  M.P.  wm  called  to  the 
dbtir,  mf<d  made  an  iotrodocCorj  addfaa, 
tiUr  wbich  the  Kcr.  F.  Warre  read  tbe 
nport.  It  eoo^atolated  the  aocieCf  on  an 
laereaae  of  rnembera  from  420  to  477.  A 
bMWtiful  collecti/in  of  oriental  birds,  bj 
tba  Hon.  R.  Blandell,  hat  been  adiled  to 
tba  moaeum.  Twelve  Anglo-Saion  coina 
had  Urfn  dikcovered  in  Wedmore  Cburcb, 
but,  bfirif  claimed  bj  tbe  Lorda  of  the 
Treaaurjr,  were  giren  up  ;  leren  bad  been 
retumrd,  and  the  oth«»r  fire  had  been  re- 
placed hy  valuable  eoina  of  wbich  dopU- 
exUted  in  the  Britiah  Maaeom. 
10 


it 

ftiate   to 

Utas.  ti»e 
PoUa 
of  changCT  on 
of  the  Cbaaad,  and  that  thov  had 
fndsal  ekracian  of  tiie 
Lns^port  and  the  »ea  hj  the  nctioa  of 
iooda,  tbe  anbaideooe  d  the  mrn^dr  wmum 
of  the  Serem,  and  tbe  aecvBnktod  growth 
of  aqoxtic  vejgetati-jn.  at  the  c^aracatar  of 
the  allsvial  depoaita  of  the  t«rf 
dearij  indicated.  Mr.  Stradii9( 
▼ahttble  paper  on  the  Tnrhariea, 
in  the  Societj'a  reporta  for  1&49-M,  gwe 
an  intereating  aoooont  of  the  diferest  aan 
tiqnitiea  diacorered  bj  hin  in  the  ^*«^^iri 
of  the  lake,  whoae  watera  reached  to  Glan. 
tonborj.  Among  thoae  evidently  Britiah, 
beaidea  flint  a  pears  and  cdts,  he  mentioned 
three  oars  or  paddlca,  similar  in  foraa  to 
thoae  used  in  the  present  day  by  Welah 
flshermen  in  tbe  management  of  the  oora* 
cle,  and  also  a  very  large  canoe  formed 
from  an  immense  oak,  which  bad  been 
preaenred  by  the  peculiar  antiseptic  pro- 
pertiet  of  the  soil,  and  which  was  known 
to  the  tnrf-cntters  as  **  Squire  Phippmi *n 


I8ft3.] 

Antiq 

aiittK 

gnrt  xhip."     Tbete  facW  clmrlT  |>oini(^<l 
to   a  Hme  when  the  eistcrn  «Ug  or  the 
Poldea  Uilli  n>  wubed  b^  Ihe  ^Mn  of 
B  Urge  niTigible  lake,  if  not  >n  >nn  of  li.e 
■ei;  and,  judging  from  the  tiPilUrity  of 
poiicion,  there  could  he  no  doubt  but  that 
a  limilar  (Ktaarf  or  lake  exiited  at  Chat 

the    SedgiBOO 


It  at  Poldea  Hill 


ards     Langp 


the 


SaiDD  Damrx  of  the  places  in  the  diatriot 
were  evidence  of  the  Mine  phftical  cha- 
racteriitict.  Thui,  in  Sedgmirar  (parts  of 
which  ioniB  now  living  remember  a  aedgj 
moraaa.  the  haunti  of  wild  tbwl,  and  he- 
((Uented  only  by  the  aportaman),  wb  had 
WeatonioylaDd,  Chedioy,  and  Middleaay 
— naniei  clearly  IraplTiiig  the  prcarnce  of 
ail  eipaiiie  of  water  io  the«e  lacnlitlea. 
Polden  ai  a  riUgv  of  liilh 
(  between  two  eslaarirs,  the  one 
eitendiag  to  QlsBtoabary.  Ilie  other  to 
Lan^port,  no  more  dtucriptive  name  could 
be  )fl»en  to  it  iliau  it  bore— Monl-y -don, 
or  VueldoD,  eaaily  changed  into  Polden. 
The  name  hy  which  Ola>tonbiity  waa 
known  to  tbe  Cimri  wia  one  which  ac- 
corded with  the  phyaieal  cunditiona  ob- 
tniniiif  in  the  dialrict  at  tbc  time  wbeo 
I^ngport  wa>  truly  Llongborth— a  baien 
nf  ihipi.  Ubutunbury  wai  called  Ihe 
Island  of  Apple-treea— a  name  peculiarly 
deauriptiie  ol  the  |iUce  nben  the  Tnrba- 


Sgii.  ?9.  The  tweatj-third  Qiurterljr 
General  Meeting  of  thii  Society  wu  held 
atMelford.nnderthepreaidencyoftheRev. 
Lord  Arthur  Heriey.  Tbe  compiny  ir. 
bCDibled  at  Ihe  Bull  Inn,  where  an  interest- 
ing collection  oF  aotiqiilties  were  arranged 
as  a  lempotary  museuin.  Amongat 
Eheui  was  an  eilentire  collection  of 
document*  and  drawing*  relative  to  per- 
aan<  and  erenti  in  Melford,  &c  contri- 
buted by  Mr.  Almack,  who  alio  exhibited 
a  Ane  gold  coin  of  Cnnobelin,  wiith  tbe 
wheat-ear  reverse,  found  at  GlemiFbrd, 
and  aeveral  Roman  veaieli,  includjc 
■mall  cup  of  green  ghua,  found  at  t 
fold.  Several  Koman  coin*  fi 
Melford  wer«  eihibiled  by  Mr. 
jun.  and  others  ;  a  portrait  of  Sir  Willi 
Drury,  Preaident  of  Monster: 
btoidered  latin  apron,  worked  in  Uie  year 


Mr.  YaK 


I  of  fon 


and  other 


dnctioiia  of  Auilralii 

Moore,  nf  llminalet,  read  a  ilHirl  paper 

on  foramiBifera. 

Mr.  Street  then  read  ■  paper  ou  palao- 
Itraphy.  codeiTOuriDg  to  truce  the  Babel 
of  modern  Isngutgea  up  to  one  cuonaan 
primeval  tongue,  and  aapporting  hia  arftu- 
menta  by  a  reference  to  a  remarkaible 
work  lately  publiibed  iu  France,  "  (iratu- 
naire  Compir^e  des  Langncs  Itibliijue*," 
by  Van  Drivel,  accordiog  to  (he  diaeote- 
riei  of  Champollion, 

Mr.  Jobn  Batten  Belt  read  a  paper  of 
coniiderable  local  interest,  being  an  ac- 
count of  Mr.  Edward  Curll,  one  of  the 
aequeitralora  appointed  by  the  Parliament 
in  1645  to  aequcMer  tbe  property  of  all 
"  delinqoenta  and  maligDanta"  wiihin  the 
hundred  of  Cataab.  He  quoted  many  re- 
mirkible  |«r*aa*l  detail*,  chiefly  rebtiDg 
to  the  loyalist  clergy,  and  closed  with  * 
quaint  account  of  "  a  battle  fooght  on 
Babel  Hill,  near  onto  Yerrell,  between  the 
Parliamenl  forces,  under  the  Earl  of  Bed- 
ford, and  those  which  came  from  Sher- 
borne DO  the  7ih  of  this  instanl  Septem- 
ber. 1642.- 

Mr.  Warre  read  an  able  paper  on  Taun- 
ton Cattle,  and  the  mwline  tlirni  adjourned. 

J2un-  U*a>  Vou  XL. 


birds. 


f   gists   ■ 


Lord's  crucifiiiuo  on  •  ehlcld.  from 
Mr.  Woollard  ;  and  the  hronxe  matrix  of 
the  seal  of  Alice  Si.  Pbilibert.  of  Uoli- 
ford,  wife  of  Sir  Brian  Stapieloa,  > 
Carletou,  co.  of  York,  who  died  in  1384. 
which  bad  been  (bund  in  fJnry  on  tk>H 
previous  Taesdsy,  end  Is  now  I  "'  ---^ 
•eiaion  of  Mr.  Tynitns. 

The   noble     President,    addreaaing   I 

meeting,  briefly  alluded  to  tbe  beantjr  4f| 
the  place,  and  the  many  objects  of  high 
inlerrsi  Id  archttologiata  which  it  oRer*. 
mid  recapilnlated  the  nauiea  of  some  of 
ita  most  distinguiaheil  worthies ;  and  then 
led  the  way  to  Melford  Hall,  tbe  property 
of  Sir  Hyde  Parker.  Bart,  and  Ihe  real. 
deuce  of  J.  M.  Williaou,  Mq. :  a  fine 
Eliiabelhan  hoaae,  greeted  by  Sir  Wu. 
Cordell,  Master  o(  the  Holla  tu  that  Queen. 
wliu  booonted  it  with  her  prraeiice,  aod 
wai  entertained,  says  Churchyard,  the  lils- 
torian  of  this  progreas,  with  ■'  inch  lump' 
tuons  feasting  and  banqueti  aa  seldom  in 
any  part  of  tbe  world  hath  been  seen  b>-  _ 
fore."  A  paper  oo  the  history  ol 
and  iu  owners  hsiing  been  rei 
Tymnis,  Ihe  eompioy  proceeded  to  I 
Church,  where  Mr.  Almnck  acted  ai  guidi 
and  pointed  out  and  ei plained  tlie  T  ~ 
carious  partraics  and  piinled  glass  in  ue 
windows;  the  tombt  of  Ihe  Cloptoua  and 
Martina;  the  Cloplon  chapel,  which  Mill 
exhibits  much  of  ita  original  painted  daea- 
TBtian*.  including  the  veraei  of  the  p 
Lydgate:  and  the  still  more  beautiful  L 
Chapel  nl  Ihe  east  end. 

Tlie  archaologists  then  jirnceeded  i 
Keiitwell  Hall,  the  teal  of  Capt.  Starkh 
Ueoee ;  another  moated  nd  brick  man- 
sion of  the  mme  period,  erectvd  by  Tbos. 
(-'loptoo,  CM.  who  died  in  liTi-     li  is  in 

31; 


514 


Antiqumrian  Renarchti. 


[Not. 


tin  form  of  the  letter  E,  a  form  obterrtble 
in  many  bonses  of  this  rdgn,  and  in  some 
inatanees  known  to  have  been  so  designed 
aa  a  mark  of  respect  to  the  Virgin  Qneen. 
It  is  nearly  a  mile  distant  from  the  high 
road,  and  is  approached  by  a  fine  avenue 
of  lime  trees  for  nearly  the  whole  distance. 
The  hall  is  decorated  with  banners,  arms, 
nd  armour ;  the  banners  bearing  the  arms 
of  the  various  owners  of  this  beautifal 
eitate  being  worked  by  the  lady  of  Colonel 
Bence,  the  mother  of  the  present  pos- 
ieaaor.  An  interesting  paper  on  the  bis* 
tory  of  this  manor  was  read  by  Mr. 
I^rnims.  It  belonged  to  the  famous 
Aymer  de  Valence,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  to 
the  Poet  Gower,  and  to  the  ancient  and 
knightly  funlly  of  Clopton,  by  whom  it 
waa  possessed  for  near  three  hundred 
yeara,  and  whose  heiress  waa  the  beautiful 
Anne  Clopton,  who  at  the  early  age  of 
thirteen  became  the  bride  of  the  famous 
antiquary  Sir  Simon  D'Ewes,  Bart. 

The  company  lastly  visited  Melford 
Place,  the  r^dence  of  C.  Westropp,  esq. 
bnt  formerly  and  for  four  centuries  the 
abode  of  the  Martin  family,  who  removed 
bnt  a  few  years  since  into  the  county  of 
Norfolk.  All  that  remains  of  the  old 
koiise  is  the  chapel,  since  converted  into 
rooms ;  bnt  retaining  its  waggon-roofed 
panelled  ceiling,  with  its  cornices  and 
beam  carved  with  foliage  of  rich  and  bold 
deaigo.  Here,  too,  were  set  out  a  great 
mnnber  of  Roman  coins,  several  cinerary 
▼ases,  and  other  remnina  of  the  aame 
period,  that  had  been  dug  up  on  the 
estate,  including  a  small  amphora  of 
green  glass.  Mr.  Tymms  having  read  a 
paper  on  the  history  of  the  place,  the 
eompany  returned  to  the  Bull  Inn,  where 
a  cold  collation  had  been  set  out  in  the 
Assembly  Room. 

B88KX  ARCRAOLOGTCAL  SOCIBTT. 

8epi.  16.  The  Colchester  section  met 
th«  president,  Mr.  Disney,  and  several  of 
the  members  from  Tendring  Hundred,  at 
Harwich.  J.  Bagshaw,  esq.  M.P.  con- 
dveted  the  visitors  over  the  town,  and 
brought  many  excellent  specimens  of  oak 
carving  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  under 
their  notice,  as  well  as  a  massive  stone- 
pointed  arch,  associated  with  which  were 
the  80-called  Roman  bricks.  One  of  the 
carvings  in  the  shop  of  Mr.  Durrant,  and 
some  others  in  the  remains  of  the  old 
Duke  of  Norfolk's  mansion,  excited  much 
attention.  A  rude  stone  font- like  piece  of 
workmanship,  dredged  up  from  the  west 
rock,  was  noticed,  and  a  piece  of  ancient 
ordnance  from  the  same  locality,  with 
many  other  local  curiosities.  A  denarius 
of  Augustus,  found  at  Harwich,  was  the 
only  Roman  coin  seen.    Numerona  coins 


of  the  Tndors  are,  however,  eonstuitly 
dredged  up. 

Dr.  Duncan  stated  that  he  had  por- 
chaaed  for  the  Society  a  aeries  of  docu- 
ments relating  to  the  Stone-house  in  the 
puish  of  St.  Rnnwald,  and  which  extended 
over  a  term  of  years  from  1535  to  1636. 
An  agreement  between  the  Engliah  and 
Dutch  bays  makers  respecting  foreignera, 
had  been  presented  by  J.  Bawtree,  esq. 
The  remainder  of  the  coins  discovered  in 
making  the  foundations  of  the  brewery  in 
the  year  1800,  of  which  the  Roman  had 
been  already  named,  a  coin  of  William  I. 
one  of  Henry  II.  and  several  of  Henry 
VIII.  and  Elisabeth,  were  reported  to  be 
in  good  preservation. 

Dr.  Duncan  also  exhibited  several  iaa- 
presdons  of  seals  lately  found  in  Col- 
cheater  ;  and,  amongat  others,  an  imprea- 
sion  of  the  seal  of  a  ring,  with  the  inscrip- 
tion *'  Thermia.''  Dr.  Duncan  obaerved 
that  the  antiquity  of  the  gem  was  admitted, 
but  some  had  doubta  as  to  the  setting ;  a 
very  competent  judge,  however,  waa  of 
opinion  that  it  was  not  modern.  Dr. 
Badham  of  East  Bergholt  considera  the 
sphynx  it  represents  to  be  older  than  the 
inseription  beneath  it.  Mr.  Disney  ob- 
served that  he  once  had  a  sphynx,  which 
held,  aa  he  presumed  this  to  do,  a  four- 
sided  pyramid,  on  whose  base  a  cartooche 
and  hieroglyph  was  found.  It  waa  men- 
tioned that  Dr.  Bell  considered  that  the 
fignre  held  a  four-sided  pyramid ;  that 
oUiers  differed  from  him ;  but  that,  whether 
it  was  a  pine  cone  or  a  pyramid,  ita  my- 
thological signification  was  the  same.  The 
general  opinion  was,  that  the  '*  Tfaermia  ** 
was  a  personal  name ;  and  much  interest 
waa  considered  to  be  attached  to  the  seal, 
aa  two  coins  of  Cunobelin  have  been  found 
close  to  Mr.  Merrell's  ground,  eaeh  bear- 
ing a  sphynx. 

SAXON  BURIAL-PLACB  NEAR  SALISBURT. 

Ezeavations  recently  made  at  Hamham 
Hill,  near  Salisbury,  under  the  direction 
of  J.  Y.  Akerman,  esq.  the*  Resident 
Secretary  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of 
London,  have  disclosed  the  remains  of  an 
extensife  Saxon  burial-place.  About  65 
skeletons  have  been  discovered,  and  among 
the  bones  have  been  found  aome  very 
curious  Saxon  ornaments,  including  beada, 
amber  amulets,  buckles,  fibulie,  a  ring 
like  a  hoop  twisted  twice  round  the  finger, 
spear-heads,  the  boss  of  a  shield,  the  re- 
mains of  a  small  casket,  a  comb,  and,  with 
other  things,  a  bodkin,  ear-pick,  &c.  at- 
tadied  to  a  ring  and  worn  by  a  lady,  ap- 
parently like  a  modern  chatelaine.  There 
have  also  been  found  n  fork,  a  gold  ring  in 
all  reapects  like  a  wedding-ring,  a  solitary 
ksvokle-bone  of  a  sheep,  suggesting  the 


r 


1863.] 


Anliquarian  Reiearche*. 


gams  uf  tali,  a  imall  article  vitli  marks  on 
it  like  B  damiiiD,  and  a  Romiiii  coia  of  tbe 
time  of  ColuUintiDe.  la  comnliaDce  witU 
tliG  niih  ofa  Dnmeroui  "bQij  of  the  citiieos 
of  Soliibur)',  these  antlquilics  were  ex- 
bibited  ia  Ihe  Cooncil  Cbntulwr,  where,  at 
tbe  request  of  tiio  Majur,  Mc.  Abarmau 
offci'eil  s  few  remarks  upon  them  to  the 
fallowing  effect ;— "  In  tbe  aummer  of  tbe 
pnteat  rear  I  law  an  annauDceineDl  in 
tbe  local  newspapora  of  tlie  discuTcry  of 
tbe  umbo  of  a  ibietd  and  spear-head,  on 
Uamban  Hill.  HaTing  for  many  yean 
past  made  uur  A  agio- Shod  antiquilicB  mf 
ttudf,  nod  banng  eiplored  many  Suoa 
burial-placei  in  Tirions  couutiet  of  Eng- 
land, I  at  DDce  coQuluded  tbit  this  locaUtjr 
was  the  site  of  an  Anglu-guon  cemetery, 
and  wrote  to  your  Ciwoamtn,  Mr.  WiU 
liim  Psweett,  for  pirClGulars.  Mr.  Pawcetl 
oummunicaled  nilb  bis  noble  landlord, 
Lord  Folkoitone,  and  the  reiolt  ii  before 
yoo.  The  t[>ot  ii  called  Ihe  Low  Field, 
Mt  became  it  is  in  a  low  tract  of  ground, 
bnt  from  its  hiTiiig  been  at  one  time  co- 
Tcred  with  klaoict,  or  tumuli,  tiioie  small 
conical  buTowi,  of  which  a  great  number 
may  yet  be  perceived  in  vaiioua  pnrla  of 
EogUnd,  but  eapeelilly  in  Kent.  They 
■re  not  to  be  aonfonnded  with  the  larger 
tamull,  which  form  soch  conspicuous  ob- 
jecte  on  our  Wiliahire  Downs,  and  which 
arc  asceitaioed  to  be  of  an  earlier  period. 
It  Is  the  opinion  of  lome  of  our  anli- 
quariu  that  Auglo-Saitiu  inttrmeuta  were 
of  two  kinds,  that  ii  to  say,  tumular  and 
Doa-tuma1ar{  bat,  with  ell  respect  for 
•auh  opinion,  1  cannot  assent  to  it.  Tbe 
very  word  burial  (iury,  a  word  ofAnglO' 
Saion  origin)  thowi  that  tbe  graia  waa 
covered  with  a  monad.  Thousaada  of 
these  mounda  haTo,  like  those  at  llarnhaio, 
been  obliterated  by  (he  openitioDs  of  the 
busbaniluian  -  tbe  pluughihare  and  the 
■pade  hare  destroyed,  in  numberleia  in- 
stances, the  trncet  of  our  Ani^lo.Saioa 
cemeteries  before  tbe  inlrodnctioa  of 
Chrietianity,  when  Ihe  Pagan  mode  of  in- 
terment was  abandoned,  though  perbapa 
grsduall;  and  reluctant!;,  aud  the  bodlita 
of  the  eowTerled  were  intaned  within  the 
graiejarda  attached  to  tbe  nevlj-erected 
churchei.  The  first  systematic  exploration 
of  ibe  Barrows  of  this  period  wai  under- 
taken by  the  Rev.  J.  DougUi,  about 
silly  years  since,  who  poblished  an  accoant 
of  his  diaooTeriei,  and  shooed  that  the 
grouped  tumuli  in  Kent  muat  be  ascribed 
to  a  iTiueb  later  period  than  had  bren 
anigned  to  tbetn  by  antiquBriei  of  (he 
Stukeley  school,  in  fact  to  tbe  |ieriad  em- 
braced iritfain  the  srrital  of  the  Saxons  in 
England  and  their  converaion  (o  Chris- 
lianily.  Prom  tbe  time  of  Donglaa  nothing 
' "  i  been  done  by  way  of  further  intnli- 


gation  of  these  cemeteries  until 
Iwelre  years  ago,  when  Lord  Loudel- 
borongb  (then  Lord  Albert  Conyngbam) 
undertook,  at  my  instigation,  the  eiamlna- 
lioo  of  u  conaiderable  number  of  borrowa 
in  Sast  Kent,  the  remit  of  which  waa  tbe 
discdreri  of  many  relics  similar  to  those 
now  before  yon."  Mr.  Akcrman  then 
alluded  to  similar  iavesligationi)  made  since 
in  other  parts  of  England  \  and,  reeartiog 
to  the  Bunham  antiquities,  stated  bia 
belief  that  the  remains  discovered  were  of 
persona  preiiona  to  tbe  introduction 
Chriadinitj.  "It  is  just  poasible." 
(Bid,  "  tbongb  I  tbiok  we  haTe  no  pr 
whateter  of  the  faot,  that  some  of 
bo  Jiea  found  here  were  those  of  indiridoall 
who  had  been  eonterted  to  Ihe  true  faitlt  | 
but  appesraoeea  ore  against  such 
position-  '1  hare  hinted  at  the  pos 
of  such  being  tbe  case,  because  we  Sn( 
in  the  Capitularies  of  Charleningae  a  man 
date  directing  that  the  bodies  of  Christian 
men  shall  no  longer  be  conaigned  to  the 
tumuli  of  the  Psgins.  but  interred  within 
Ihe  precincts  of  the  church,  a  proof  that 
tbe  hcatlien  mode  of  interment  still  lin- 
gered among  his  subjects.  If  anything 
would  favour  tbe  cODJecture  that  soma 
of  the  bodies  interred  at  Haruham  wen 
those  of  Christiana,  it  is  the  fi 
sonte  of  them  were  unsccompsi: 
any  objeot  of  personal  use  or  or 
Several  skeletons  have  been  found  vilhoot 
the  accompanying  knife  or  any  object  what- 
ever ;  but  nothing  definite  can  be  deduced 
from  this.  Many  Pagan  cusloma  were 
allowed  by  tbe  primitive  clergy,  provided 
tliey  were  in  tbecnselvcs  lurmleas.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  laws  of  the  Franks,  the  old 
Saiont,  and  the  Visigoths,  denouoce  with 
heavy  penalties  those  who  shsll  despoil  a 
corpse  either  before  or  after  bnrial  t  « 
tnScient  proof  that  the  crime  waa  so 
common  as  tu  cill  for  a  specific  enact- 
ment, To  this  cause  we  may  perbapa  as- 
sign the  absence  of  relica  in  some  of  tbe 
Hsrnham  interments.  I  hare  said  that 
(bousandi  of  tumnli  of  the  Anglu-Snioa 
period  have  been  obliterated  by  the  plough- 
share  and  the  apadej  and  this  must  he 
msnifeat  to  sny  one  who  bsa  penued  our 
Anglo-Suonchartrn,  inwhicb  ■  the  hea- 
then burials  '  are  frequently  named  in  the 
recitals  of  bouudsries.  Further,  Ihe  word 
hitoa  gives  name  to  mtinj  places  in 
England,  as  Ludlow,  Taplow,  Wioslow, 
Onslow,  and,  in  tbli  neighbourhood,  Win- 
terslow.  In  the  graveyard  of  Ludlow  a 
tumulus  once  eiialed,  and  in  that  of  Tap- 
low  oneeiistaatthis  time."  Mr.  Akemian 
then  directed  attention  to  the  nnmemua 
sntiquilies  arranged  on  tbe  table,  which  it  is 
nnderslooJ  to  be  Lord  Polkeatone's  deter. 
essBl  to  the  Biiliib  Museum. 


ha 

fi3  '    " 


y 


616 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


War  has  been  formally  declared  agaioft 
Rmnia  by  the  T\irkiih  GoTemment.  This 
letolation  was  adopted  at  a  Couocil  which 
•at  on  the  ^th  of  September,  but  actual 
hoatiltties  were  not  to  be  commenced  unless 
the  Russians  refused  to  quit  the  Principa- 
lities within  fifteen  days  of  the  receipt  of 
notice  to  this  effect  at  the  head-c|uarter8 
of  Prince  Gortschakoif.  A  note  was  ac- 
cordingly  sent  by  Omer  Pasha,  the  Turk- 
ish commander  of  the  Danubian  army,  to 
Prince  Gortschakoff,  who  is  reported  to 
ha? 0  replied  that  he  had  no  power  to  enter 
into  negociations,  or  to  retire  from  the 
PHncipidities ;  that  he  should  confine  him- 
■elf  to  defensive  operations,  but  would 
reiist  any  attacks  that  might  be  made  upon 
him.  No  actual  hostilities  have  yet  taken 
place,  but  a  Russian  boat  engaged  in  tak- 
ing soundings  upon  the  Danube  is  stated 
to  have  been  fired  upon  and  an  officer 
killed.  On  the  10th  inst.  the  Sultan  re- 
quested the  presence  of  the  combined  fleets 
before  Constantinople.  They  have  accord- 
ingly passed  the  Dardanelles,  and  are  now 
at  ancnor  in  the  Sea  of  Marmora.  Advices 
from  Moldavia  state  that  fresh  Russian 
troops  are  still  pouring  in  and  marching 
towards  the  Danube-  Much  sickness  is 
stated  to  prevail  in  the  Russian  army. 

The  finances  of  Austria  continue  in  a 
▼ery  embarrassed  condition.  A  report 
has  been  current  that  a  new  loan  of 
7f000,000/.  had  been  obUined  from  the 
house  of  Rothschild,  but  this  has  since 
been  contradicted.  A  decree  has  been 
issued  for  the  reduction  of  the  army  by 
75,000  men.  If  this  be  carried  out  there 
may  be  some  chance  of  a  restoration  of 
the  exchequer  to  a  state  of  solvency.  The 
(Government  has  just  given  mortal  offence 
to  the  Jews  by  a  decree,  reversing  that  of 
1848  by  which  persons  of  that  race  were 
allowed  to  hold  real  property,  so  that  it 
would  appear  that  no  hope  of  assistance 
in  that  quarter  is  relied  on. 

Spain. — The  ministry  of  General  Ler- 
sundi  has  fallen,  and  the  Count  of  San 
Luis  has  been  nsmed  Prime  Minister. 
The  new  Ministry  has  advised  the  Queen 
to  convoke  the  Cortes  immediately,  and  it 
has  consequently  been  summoned  for  the 
19th  November.  A  decree  has  ordered 
the  construction  of  five  war  ateamers,  and 
a  bill  has  been  published  in  the  Madrid 
Gazette  of  the  10th  October,  which  is  to 


be  presented  to  the  Cortes,  for  the  forma- 
tion of  a  powerful  steam  navy. 

SwUzeriand.— The  Federal  Government 
haa  resolved  to  support  Tidno  in  its  resist- 
ance to  Austria.  It  will  grant  subaidiea 
for  the  employment  of  the  population 
thrown  out  of  work  by  the  Austrian  block- 
ade in  the  construction  of  roads.  Having 
exhausted  every  means  of  concession 
compatible  with  the  national  honour,  the 
Fedml  Grovernment  will  make  no  new 
offer  to  Austria. 

The  French  Ambassador  has  been  with- 
drawn from  NapUsy  in  consequence  of  the 
conduct  of  the  government  in  refusing, 
under  pretence  of  quarantine,  to  admit  an 
officer  who  had  been  sent  by  the  Emperor 
to  be  present  at  a  grand  review  at  Naples. 
It  is  expected,  however,  that  an  apology 
will  be  made,  and  the  matter  arranged. 

The  cholera  has  been  raging  at  Sioek* 
holm.  Up  to  the  26th  Sept  4026  persona 
had  been  attacked,  of  whom.  2395  had 
died. 

The  Government  of  the  United  Sttitu 
is  embarrassed  by  an  accumulating  sarplus, 
which  has  caused  an  accumulation  of  gold 
and  silver  in  the  Treasury  cellars  to  the 
amount  of  above  thirty  million  dollars. 
The  secretary  to  the  Treasury  has  issued 
a  circular  to  the  principal  merchants  and 
others,  giving  notice  that  a  reduction  of 
the  tariff  is  under  consideration,  and  re- 
questing information  on  the  subject  for 
the  guidance  of  the  government. 

River  PAi/e.— Treaties  were  concluded 
on  the  10th  July  between  Urquiza  an'd  the 
English  and  French  Governments,  and  on 
the  27th  with  that  of  the  United  States, 
for  the  free  navigation  of  the  waters  of 
P^urana,  Paraguay,  and  Uruguay.  A  right 
is  reserved  to  the  Emperor  of  Braxil,  and 
to  the  governmenU  of  Parana,  Bolivia,  and 
the  Uruguay  to  become  parties  to  the  treaty. 
The  Government  of  Bnenoa  Ayres  has 
protested  against  the  treaties  as  illegal  and 
as  infringing  on  its  rights. 

The  rebellion  in  (^ma  continues  suc- 
cessful, and  it  is  expected  that  Pekin  wifl 
shortly  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  insurgents. 

Jmpan, — The  American  expedition  under 
Commodore  Perry  reached  the  Bay  of 
Jeddo  on  the  8th  July,  and  anchored  in 
the  afternoon  off  the  town  of  Uraga.  The 
appearance  of  the  steamers — the  first  ever 
seen  in  Japanese  waters — with  the  other 


1858.] 


Domeilic  Occurrence 


517 


leiKlB  in  tow,  appeared  to  produce  c 
lidenblo  wDHitioa  Bmong  the  Japanc 
and  ill  the  tnding  juabt,  with  vhlch 
txf  WBA  ctowdrd,  carefnll;  kept  out 
their  way.  Ai  the  TcaBrls  were  caniin^ 
■ncbor,  two  shells  or   rockets  were  fi 


,  app. 


to  Ungi  and  rpceive  tba  letter  nf  the 
Preiident  of  the  United  Statei,  and  it  was 
arranged  that  Lhc  interview  ihould  take 
place  on  the  I4lh,  at  the  small  town  of 
liorihiKJS,  ahoQt  three  miles  south  of 
Uraga.  On  the  day  appointed  Commo- 
dore Perry,  attended  by  400  Americana, 
Seieral  with  their  colours  fljing  lud  baoda  plaj- 
boats  Immediolely  ome  off,  in g  the  national  "  Ht^,  Columbia!  and 
fieorted  by  the  Governor  and  Depul]'- 
Governor  of  Uraga,  proceeded  to  a  hooie 
prepared  for  Ibe  interview.  Here  be  was 
received  by  the  I'riiice  of  Idin,  Firat  Conn. 
cillor  of  the  Emperor,  who  wa>  acoom- 
panied  by  the  Prince  of  Iwami.  The  letter 
of  the  Preiideot  and  Commodore  Perrj'a 
letter  of  credence  were  ruroiallj  delivered, 
official  receipt  given  ii 


ured    to   put    I 


board   the 


iBiselt  the  I 

warning  them  to  depart.  They  were  not 
leceiied,  however,  and  the  Depulj-Go- 
vrruor  of  Uraga,  who  was  the  only  person 
allowed  to  come  on  board,  was  notified 
that,  if  the  Japanese  authorities  endea- 
vonred  to  surround  the  nliipi  with  the  usual 
cordon  of  boats,  it  would  lead  to  very 
terioua  coafet|aeoces.  The  neit  momini;, 
Yezaimon,  the  Governor  of  Uraga,  snd  a 
nobleman  of  the  third  rank,  came  oil,  and, 
after  Bseertaining  the  objeeE  of  the 
asked  for  time  to  dispatch 
Jeddo,  in  order  to  obtain  insirucciousaow 
to  act.  During  the  three  days  which 
elapsed  before  the  answer  arrived,  the 
Missifaippi  made  a  trip  of  about  10  miles 
farther  up  the  bay,  finding  everywhere 
deep  soundings.  Beyond  the  promontory 
of  Uraga,  a  point  which  no  foreign  veuel 
had  passed  before,  she  discovered  a  large 
and  beautifal  bight,  which  was  perfeclly 
land-locked,  and  offered  the  most  secure 
and  commodious  anchorage.  She  was 
followed  at  a  distance  by  a  nuniber  of 
goreronient  boats,  but  ootie  of  them  at- 


The  in 
le  latter  wen 


Lterferi 


!  vessels  which 


the  cutters  of  the  diffi 
went  sounding  in  advance  of   her.       On 
the  l!lh  an  answer  arrived  from  Jeddo, 
staling  tliat  the  Emperor  liad  appointed 


to  enter  mto  «ny  negociationi.  The  com- 
modore stated  that,  iu  order  to  give  the 
ipress  to  Japanese  government  ample  time  for  de- 
ioDshow  liberation,  he  would  depart  in  three  or 
four  days,  and  retarn  in  a  few  months  to 
receive  the  reply.  The  squadron  Bder- 
wards  proceeded  aboat  twenty  milea  above 
Uraga.  Prom  the  deck  of  the  frigate  m 
crowd  of  shipping  was  teen,  seven  or  eight 
milrs  to  the  northward  ;  and,  from  the 
number  of  junks  contiooally  going  and 
coming,  it  was  evident  that  this  wu  tbe 
envborage  in  front  of  the  capital.  The 
officers  of  the  Susquehannah  and  Missis- 
sippi speak  with  admiration  of  the  beanty 
of  the  shores,  and  the  rich  cultiTslion  and 
luxDriant  vc£CIation  which  tbey  every- 
where witnessed.  The  natives  with  whom 
they  caoie  in  contact  were  friendly  in  Ibeir 
demeanour,  and  the  Govcmnr  of  Uraga  is 
model  of  refinement  and 


an  officer  of  the  highest  rank  to  proceed      good  breeding. 


DOMESTIC  OCCURRENCES. 


The  Northern  part  of  England,  particu- 
larly the  town  of  Newcattle  and  its  ncigh- 
bourlioad.bis  been  visited  with  stevere  en- 
demic attack  of  malignant  Cholera. 
dise«>e  Rrst  shewed  itself  in  Newca 
the  Isl   of   Sept. 


The 


1  Oct.  Ibe  deatbi 
4.  In  the  Gatoshesd  union  tl 
E  situ  been  nomerouj ;  and 
'  bos  extended  to  Heiham, 
en,  Liverpool,  aud  in  a  slighti 
nany  other  places.  There  h> 
'S  in  various  parts  of  London, 
~D  the  lodging-houses  I    "" 


and  three  deaths  Iiute  occurred 
bank  Penitentiary.  In  the  II  weeks  from 
July  30(0  Oct.  15  there  have  been  278 
deaths  from  chobtra  (of  all  kinds)  b  the 
metropolis,  of  which  the  grrateit  number 
in  one  week  was  6S,  in  the  week  ending 


iilt-  I 


the  Oct.  i.     One  of  the  most  fatal  railway 

to  accidents  that  hu  occurred  for  maoy  yean 

iths  happened  near  the  SlraSan  station  of  the 

dis-  Great    Southern    and   Wesletn   Railway, 

ite-  The   train  from  Killaroey  and  the  south 

;ree  wss    detained    fmm    some   defect   in    the 

een  engine,  when  a  heavy  cattle  train  arrived 

cu-  at  its  full  sjieed,  and  broke  in  pieces  three 

ipel  of  Ibe  carriages  of  the  foimer  ~ 


occupied  by  Gtimin  emigrant!.  Nine  cooes     others,  which  werciu  froot,  v 


•^  I 


516 


DofMsHc  Oecurreucis. 


[Nov. 


b/  the  breaking  of  the  coupling  cbaias, 
and  driven  violently  forward  with  the  engine. 
Thirteen  persons  were  killed  on  the  spot, 
ajid  of  the  sarvivors  two  are  since  dead. 
The  names  of  the  deceased  are  as  follow : 
Mr.  T.  W.  Jelly,  of  Straboe,  Queen's 
County;  Mr.  Daniel  O'Connell  M'Swiney, 
solicitor,  Kenmare,  and  Anastasia  his  wife, 
•later  to  the  Rev.  Stephen  Farrell,  of 
Dublin ;  Mr.  John  Egan,  of  Birr ;  Mr. 
Bateman,  of  Cork  ;  Cherry- Agnes,  wife  of 
Mr.  Kempster  Malcolm  Knapp,  of  London, 
and  her  cousin  Miss  Margaret  Palmer, 
daughter  of  Mr.  Palmer,  the  oldest  officer 
of  the  Bank  of  Ireland ;  Miss  Clara  Kir- 
wan,  sister  to  Mr.  John  Kirwan,  of  Middle 
Abbey- street,  Dublin;  Miss  Margaret 
Leatliley,  of  Dublin  ;  Miss  Kate  Hamilton 
Haines;  Mr.  Christopher  M'Nally,  soli- 
citor, Dublin ;  and  Mr.  Hall,  of  Kildare. 
Joteph  Sherwood,  servant  to  Dr.  Stokes  of 
Dublin ,  and  Miss  Emma  Pack,  of  Par- 
soDStowo,  are  since  deceased. 

Oct,  18.  The  Dalhousie,  one  of  the 
Australian  *' White  Horse  line''  of  pas- 
senger ships,  foundered  off  Beechy  Head. 
Htr  crew  consisted  of  48  men  and  officers, 
and  she  had  taken  12  passengers  on  board, 
others  being  waiting  for  her  at  Plymouth. 
Of  the  whole  suty  persons,  Joseph  Reed, 
abk  seaman,  aged  22,  is  the  only  one  who 
was  saved.  The  Dalhousie  was  a  fine  Indian 
teak-built  ship  of  nearly  800  tons,  launched 
at  Moulmein  in  1848,  and  was  therefore  a 
fint-dass  Tessel,  in  good  and  sound  tioo- 
ditioD.  She  was  the  property  of  Mr. 
Allan,  of  Leadenhall-street.  Happily,  on 
this  occasion,  she  was  devoted  more  to  the 
conveyance  of  freight  than  passengers. 
Her  cargo  comprised  every  description  of 
merchandise,  estimated  at  upwards  of 
100,000/.  Her  master.  Captain  Butter- 
worth,  had  passed  many  years  in  the 
owner's  service.  His  wife  and  one  of  bis 
four  children  have  perished  with  him.  The 
passengers  were  Mr.  John  Underwood,  a 
Manchester  warehouseman,  his  wife  and 
three  children,  Mrs.  Simpson  and  three 
children,  and  Miss  Radford.  The  surgeon, 
Mr.  T.  R.  Thomas.  Of  the  crew  thirty, 
two  were  Lascars. 

Metropolitan  JmproDtmints, — The  new 
thoroughfare  from  London  Bridge  to  the 
loulh  side  of  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  is 
DOW  finished.  A  further  portion  of  the 
houses  in  Ray- street,  Clerkenwell,  is 
forthwith  to  be  demolished.  The  direct 
line  of  communication  from  Blackfriars 
Bridge  and  Farringdon-strect  to  Islington 
is  forthwith  to  be  completed.  The  widen- 
ing of  Fenchurch-street  is  being  carried 
out,  by  the  removal  of  the  houses  on  the 
•outh  side,  extending  from  Mark-laue, 
crossing  London-street  and  Railway-place, 
up  to  Church-row,  contlgaoua  to  the  East 


India  Company's  warehouses.  A  great 
many  houses  have  been  pulled  down  on 
the  south  side  of  Threadneedle-street, 
in  Finch-lane,  and  Spread  Eagle-court,  to 
complete  the  approaclies  to  the  Royal  Ek- 
change;  as  also  in  Dowgate-hill,  to  widen 
and  improve  that  thoroughfare.  The 
commissioners  have  obtained  possession 
of  premises  at  the  comer  of  Mark-lmne 
and  Tower  •street,  to  widen  the  latter 
thoroughfare,  and  form  a  direct  line  of 
communication  from  King  William-street 
to  Tower-hilL  And  they  have  also  re- 
commenced operations  to  complete  the 
new  street  through  Spitalfields,  called 
Commercial -street,  extending  from  the 
London  Docks,  through  Whitechapel,  to 
Shoreditch.  For  a  small  piece  of  land 
belonging  to  St.  I'homss's  Hospital,  at  the 
north-west  corner  of  Finch-lane,  (which 
is  to  be  widened  and  rounded,)  containing 
only  about  400  square  yards,  the  enormooa 
rent  of  1300/.  (on  lease  for  a  term  of  80 
years,)  has  been  given  by  the  Australasian 
Company,  with  a  condition  to  build  apob 
it  a  substantial  stone  building.  This  let- 
ting, if  calculated  at  its  freehold  value,  at 
the  existing  price  of  Consols,  would  re- 
present the  extraordinary  sum  of  rather 
more  than  520,000/.  per  acre. 

Gold  Found  in  the  British  Ulandt,^^ 
The  following  notices  relative  to  the  Pro- 
duction of  Gold  in  the  British  Islands, 
•  were  communicated  by  Mr.  J.  Calvert  to 
the  British  Association  at  the  recent  meet- 
ing at  Hull. 

From  his  own  exploration,  from  re- 
searches in  various  books,  and  from  com- 
munications, Mr.  Calvert  stated  that  gold 
•was  found  in  forty  counties  in  these 
islands,  and  over  an  area  of  50,000  square 
miles.  He  thus  classified  the  gold  regions  : 
The  West  of  England,  North- Welsh,  Mid- 
England,  Northumbrian,  Lowland,  High- 
land, Ulster,  and  Leinster.  The  West  of 
England  region  might  be  divided  into  three 
districts — Cornwall,  Dartmoor,  and  Ex- 
mouth,  or  West  Somerset.  In  Cornwall 
the  tui- streams,  which  were  of  the  same 
composition  as  gold  diggings,  had  long 
been  known  to  contain  nuggets  and  coarse 
dust,  or  hops  of  gold,  but  had  only  been 
slightly  worked  by  Sir  Christopher  Haw- 
kins, at  Ladoch.  The  largest  Cornish 
nugget  was  not  worth  more  than  about 
ten  guineas.  The  Cornish  districts  were 
very  rich  in  gold.  The  Dartmoor  district 
contained  gold  in  its  northern  and  south- 
em  streams.  A  miner,  named  Welling- 
ton, got  about  40/.  worth  of  gold  at 
Sheepston,  and  Mr.  Calvert  had  obtained 
gold  from  the  granite.  In  the  West 
Somerset  district  were  four  companies 
for  wnrkinr  irold  ores.  From  55  tons  of 
F  A9  oonoes  of  mihl 


Promotions  and  Prgftrmenti. 


519 


rate  or  Ifi 

le  of  the  St. 
John  ie\  JUj  ores.  The  Wnt  Somerict 
district  probably  emtmc«d  gold  liCea  at 
Combe  Mlrtin  and  the  Mendiiii.  The 
North  Wale*  diltricl  might  embrace  all 
Iha  wMtsm  conntiei  at  the  priDoi|iaU(f. 
There  were  no  reported  rirer  dcpoaiti.  but 
gold  ore*  had  bun  worked  at  Cainbuiiiln, 
lino,  Bertlillnjd,  Dolfrir^nos,  and  other 

EUcei.  The  Norlhnmbnan  region!  em- 
rai^d  Alstone  Moor;  battheehierknowa 
gald-tielil  vn  in  Weatmerlaad  and  Cbqi- 
berlani).  In  Che  Ooldicoop  mine  gold 
had  been  found  in  the  copper  Tor  ages, 
and  he  [Mr.  Caliett)  had  ducorered  it  in 
mnnjr  of  the  om  and  riieri  of  tha  diitrinl. 
He  Bbowed  ipecimniB  (roin  High  Trebjr, 
Cildbcck  Pelli,  the  Buttrrmcre  and  Crum- 
nick-road,  Borrovdalc,  Buttermere,  Bu- 
BenlbwaiCe.  and  a  fine  lamp  of  gold  goi- 
Ban,  which  weighed  originally  37  oi.  The 
South  of  Seotlsnd  district  had  onlf  beea 
worked  for  it!  river  dei>OBitB  in  Cljdei- 
dale  and  Nithgdaie,  bnt  in  hia  (the  lec- 
turer's) opinioD  it  eitended  thronghouE 
the  LowUndi.  Gold  waa  foand  in  abOTe 
forty  brooki  or  gnlliesi  and  all  of  the 
raiaen  have  gold  for  sale,  obtained  In 
Ibeir  holiday  eicuniioni.  Mr.  Calvert 
meationed  thai  In  the  manusi^riplt  of 
Queen  ElUabeth'i  lime  the  diggeri  relied 
on  kecle,  a  reddiih  earlh,  ai  an  indication 
of  gold,  and  the  miners  do  now.  He  had 
teen  il  aUo  in  Weitmerland,  and  had  re- 
cognised it  also  in  Australia  and  elaewhere. 
He  round  gold  in  the  Lowther  Bnm,  Long 
and  Short  Cleogh  Boroa,  Maanoch  Water, 
Kepple  Burn,  Glengomor,  E  Ivan  water, 
Golilaconr,  and  other  pUeei.  At  Wan- 
locklind  he  saw  gold  In  the  midst  of  the 
to<m.  At  one  plaoe  the  ninen,  two  yean 
ago,  got  gold,  which  at  Glasgow  they  sold 
for  42f.  Gold  was  reported  in  PeithihirB, 
Fifnhire,  Stirlingshire,  and  Linlithgow- 
shire.   The  Uigbland  gold  rcgioni  were 


unrTaniified.  Oold  local Itlea  had  been 
reporled  in  Aberdeenshire  and  Smherland- 
sbire.  The  Wicklow  digginga  were  only 
shortly  referred  to.  1 1  appeared,  by  retnrea 
obtained  from  the  Dublin  goldsmiths,  (hat 
'  "        ■asantrj  wia 

santry  work  the  aura  or  gold  mountains  in 
Antrimshire  i  and  the  Mayola  atreanu  in 
Londonderry  yielded  gold.  The  yearly 
produce  ol  gold  in  these  islands  was  non 
about  50001.  a  year,  which  might  be 
largely  increased.  The  nambcr  of  gold- 
beanng  streams  Imown  was  one  buodred. 
Gold  had  been  found  in  nearly  ol!  the 
elay-iUte  districts.  Many  of  these  were 
worked  in  the  Middle  Ages,  and  probahl; 
also  by  the  Romans,  Gold,  in  ores,  was 
found  associated  with  silTer,  lead,  capper, 
iron,  and  line  ;  with  quartz,  granite,  alale, 
oxide  of  iron,  and  sulphate  of  iron.  These 
orts  hare  only  been  worked  of  late  In 
Devonshire  and  Mcrlonetbshtre.  The 
rtTBr  deposits  were  rudely  worked  by  the 
miners  or  peasantry  in  Wicklow,  I^nark- 
shire,  Ajitrimsbire,  and  Devonshire.  The 
wsiliing  of  gold -stu?  in  our  home  dialriets 
was  very  rude,  and  not  equal  to  that  in 
Anatralia,  nor  had  there  been  for  a  lone 
time  any  deep  workings.  Many  rich  gold 
ores  were  thrown  away,  and  much  metal 
was  produced  from  which  the  gold  wai 
not  reflned.  The  only  two  goId-Aeldl 
-which  had  yet  been  worked  had  yielded 
canslderabie  amounta.  —  the  Laoarksbirt 


liUian  I 


I  half 


a  mitlioo,  the  Wicklow  above  100,00 
The  largest  known  nuggets  were  one  of  3  lb. 
from  Lanarkshire,  and  othera  of  I)  lb. 
froni  there  and  Wicklow.  The  importance 
of  attending  to  this  branch  of  the  national 
resources  waa  strongly  urged.  Mr.  Cal- 
vert conclnded  by  itatiag  that  he  consi- 
dered the  olay-alate  formations  of  Canada 
woold  Booo  be  dlscorcred  to  be  •  Tsst 
gold-field. 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


^i>r.  K.  Bayal  Artillery,  brerrl  Lit 
W.  t-  Williams,  C  U.  to  be  Ueul.-t^lo 

Stpl.K.  Gearce John  Robert  Garde 
now  Secntanr  ol  Legation  at  Stockhol' 
Charge  d'Aflaires  and  (!onaiil.OenMi 
Oriental  Kepublle  Of  lbe_Uraj 

hfta,  M  be  Se^ti 


■;^ 


^4 

or  LcntJon  at  Sloek- 

- Jt,  UiOar  D.  &  U-KUtly  le  be 

Ufiil.'tMMMli  Olptrb.  P.  Law  Id  bender. 


lo  be  Ueot.-Colnnel.-«ih  Pool,  brei 
Colonel  H.  DalM  to  be  Male  - 

(M.  U.    Isl  Cheahlre  Mlliua,  e.  i.eim 
esq-,  lale  Capl.  M  Uiegnon  Gnanla,   te 

Ocl.  IT.    Rear-Adm.  Sir  JatDH  Aleitnl 


i!^^l 


pl 


WIlAam  Bart  of  UaUwel 
o(  ibe  Lord!  ta  Wailing  In  Ordinary  to  I 
tlsjeatt,  ttq  Lord  UpUoalDae. 
Ofl.  11.    Kabert  Wlnirm  Rtale,  eeq.  to 
jl.-Ooternor  of  the  Itland  of  QrensA 


Foot,  to 

Fleming, 
Oea.  arr 


Colonel.— rih  l>o«i,  Mwoi.tlen  B. 
.inf,CH.IabrCb[0«ieI.-mlhFsot.Ha)ar< 
Sir  ff.  tJbslmen,  C.B.,  frem  Wtb  Kort., 
^ilonel.— »lh  root,  Capl.  R.  U.  LIndHli 


520 


Promotions  and  Preferments. 


[Nov. 


Oct.  11.  9Sd  Foot.  Major  W.  B.  Ainslie  to 
be  Lieat.-Colonel ;  C»pL  A.  S.  L.  Hay  to  be 
Ifi^,  by  jparcbate.— HoepitAl  Staff,  Depaty 
laepector  General  of  Hoepitate,  W.  Dawson, 
M.D.  to  be  Inspector  General  of  Hospitals.— 
Brevet,  brevet  Maior  M.  G.  M*Mardo,  of  78th 
Foot*  to  be  Lient.-Colonel  in  the  armjr ;  Gipt. 
the  Hon.  F.  Colbome,  of  15th  Foot,  to  be  Major 
1b  the  army. 

The  Hon.  W.  Staart,  now  second  paid  at- 
tach^ at  Paris,  is  appointed  flret  paid  attach^ 
there.  Mr.  Odo  Rassell,  now  nn^d  attach^ 
at  Vienna,  is  sppointed  second  paid  attach^  at 
Faris.— Mr.  Frederic  R.  Nixon  f^oardian  of 
woods  snd  forests  st  the  Msuntins.  Mr. 
Oeorre  Price  sppointed  a  member  of  council, 
Jamuca. 

Louis  Vandenberrh,  esq.  Swedish  vice-con- 
m1  at  Portsmouth,  nas  been  knighted  by  the 
Kiof  of  Sweden  and  Norway. 


Naval  Prsfc&msntb. 

Oct.  I.  Lieut.  H.  B.  Hankey  to  be  Hug- 
Ueotenant  at  Portsmouth. 

Oct.  90.  Capt.  W  Crispin,  additional  to  the 
Victoria  and  Albert  yacht. 

Mr.  Henry  Chatfield,  assistant  to  the  Master 
8bipwri|(ht  st  Woolwich,  to  be  Master  Ship- 
wright at  Deptford.  riee  Willcox,superannuated. 

Commander  R.  J.  Le  Mesurier  M'Qure,  in 
command  of  the  lnvesti((ator,  Artie  discovery 
■hip,  hss  been  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Captsin 
for  services  performed  in  sesrch  of  Sir  John 
Franklin,  snd  for  the  discovery  of  the  certainty 
of  a  North- West  Passage.  Commander  luj^le- 
ield  also  is  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Captam. 

To  the  rank  of  Captain,  Commandera  Nicho- 
las Le  Febvre  (18S8).  W.  Edmonstone  (1841). 
Lord  Willism  Compton  (1843).  and  Henry  R. 
Foote  (1845). 

To  the  rank  of  Commander,  IJeutenants 
A.  J.  Burton  (1841).  H.  Croft  (1841),  H.  Temple 
<1841).  A.  C.  Gordon  (1842),  and  F.  J.  DiffXtns 
(1SI3). 

Cant.  Ilastinfirs  R.  Yelverton  (1843)  to  coro- 
nana  the  Arrogant  47.  screw,  vice  Fremantle. 
to  the  Juno  36. 


ECCLSSIASTICAL  I'REriRMRNTS. 

Right  Rev.  W.  Tyrrell.  D.D.  (Bishop  of  New- 
castle, Australia),  to  the  Archbishopric  of 
Sydney,  New  South  Wsles. 

Rev.  J.  Armstrong,  to  the  Bishopric  of  Gra- 
hsm's  Town. 

Rev.  J.  D.  CoUis  (Head  Master  of  Bromsgrove 
School),  Honorary  Canon  of  Worcester. 

Rev.  K.  Symes,  Canonry  in  Wells  Cathedral. 

Rev.  S.  W.  Andrews.  Claxby-Pluckacre  R-  Line. 

Rev.  H.  Austen,  New  Church  P.C.  Tarrant 
Keynsbam,  Dorset. 

Rev.  S.  Baker,  Clifton-upon-Teme  V.  Wore. 

Rev.  C.  C.  Barnard,  Ruckland  R.  w.  Farforth 
R.  and  Maiden- Well  V.  Lincolnshire. 

Rev.  D.  T.  Barrv.  St.  Barnabas  P.C  Liverpool. 

Rev.  F.  L.  Baxeiey,  Bideford  R.  Devon. 

Rev.  J.  Blackburn,  Yarmouth  R.  Isle  of  Wight. 

Rev.  L.  G.  F.  Broome,  Whittlebury  w.  Silver- 
stone  P.C.  Northamptonshire.  • 

Rev.  R.  H.  K.  Buck,  St.  Dominick  R.  Cornwsll. 

Rev.  8.  J.  Butler,  PenrithV.  w.  TrinityC.Cumb. 

Rev.  J.  Chapman,  Amesby  V.  Leicestershire. 

Rev.  T.  Caine,  Kirk-liOnan  V.  Isle  of  Man. 

Rev.  T.Coldwell,  Greens-Norton  R.Nortbampt. 

Rev.  J.  E.  Cooper.  Forncett  St.  Msry  R.  Norf. 

Rev.  J.  Dsvies,  Smsllwood  P.C.  Cheshire. 

Rev.  A.J.  Empson.  Kydon  R.  Northamptonsh. 

Rev.  J.  Ford,  Sonterton  R.  Snffolk. 

Rev.  F.  French.  Worlingworth  ii.  w.  Southolt 
C.  Suffolk. 

Rev.  H.  Gale,  Studley  P.C.  dio.  Salisbury. 

II 


Rev.  K.  Gale,  North  Horton  P.C.  Yorkahire. 

Rev.  R.  Hanson,  Thaxted  V.  Essex. 

Rev.  T.  Hervey,  Colmer  R.  w.  Pryor**  Deui  C. 
Hsnu. 

Rev.  G.  T.  Hoare,  Tandridn  P.C.  Surrey. 

Rev.  E.  Hotliam,  Crowcomoe  R.  Somerset- 
Rev.  W.  Howard,  St.  Peter  R.  Nottingham. 

Rev.  E.  Jones,  Uanychaiam  P.C.  Cardigansk. 

Rev.  R.  B.  Ridd,  Bntley  P.a  w.  Capel  C.  Soff. 

Rev.  J.  Langdon,  Modford  V.  Somenet. 

Rev.  S.  C.  Lord,  D.D.  Farmborongh  R.  Som. 

Rev.  T.  B.  Uoyd,  St.  Mary  P.C  w.  St.  MMiael 
P.C.  Shrewsbury. 

Rev.  C.  F.  Newmsrch.  North  and  South  Lever- 
ton  R.  Lincolnshire. 

Rev.  T.  Q.  Onslow,  Otmore  R.  Berks. 

Rev.  C.  It  Pearson,  Mark  P.C.  Somerset. 

Rev.  J.  L.  Prior,  Linby  R.  and  Papplewick  P.C. 
Notts. 

Rev.  G.  Prothero,  St.  Paul  P.C.  Whipping^bam, 
Isle  of  Wight. 

Rev.  B.  H.  Puckle,  Graff  ham  R.  Hunts. 

Rev.  E.  M.  D.  Pyne,  Bawdsey  V.  Soflblk. 

Rev.  W.  C.  Rawlinson.  Chedburgh  R.  Soflblk. 

Rev.  J.  Room,  Eastwood  PC.  Yorkshire. 

Rev.  H.  St.  Gvorge,  Billinge  PC.  Lancashire. 

Rev.  J.  Scholefleld,  Portwood  P.C.  Cheshire. 

Rev.  R.  H.  Scott,  Bonchurch  R.  w.  Shanklin  C 
Isle  of  Wight. 

Rev.  W.  Seaton,  Christ  Church  P.C.  Penning- 
ton, Lancashire. 

Rev.  G.  Sharp,  Mertber  P.C.  Cornwall. 

Rev.  T.  F.  Simmons,  Sooth  Dalton  R.  Yorksh. 

Hon.  and  Rev.  T.  C.  Skeflington.  Cotteratock 
V.  w.  Glafitbortie  V.  Northamptonshire. 

Rev.  F.  Swire,  Elston  R.  Notts 

Rev.  W.  Tatlock.  New  Church  P.C.  Bark 
Island,  Halifax,  Yorkshire. 

Rev.  W.  Temple,  Nymett- Rowland  R.  Devon. 

Rev.  F.  E.  Tower.  Kirkby-Msllory  R.  w.  Earl 
Shilton  C.  and  BIrasthorpe  K.  Leicesterahire. 

Rev.  F.  C.  Twemlow,  Fortou  R.  Suffordshire. 

Rev.  C.  Ward,  St.  Nicholas  P.C.  Ipswich. 

Rev.  R.  West,  Pett  R.  Sussex. 

Rev.  S.  Westbrook,  St.  John's  P.C.  Hodders- 
Held.  Yorkshire. 

Rev.  J.  C.  Wharton,  Bierton  V.  Bucks. 

Rev.  T.  J.  Williams,  Maesteg  Chapel,  Uaogo- 
noyd  [7]  dio.  Llandaff. 

7b  Chaplaineiei, 
Rev.  A.  Bell,  H.M.  Forces,  King  William's 

Town.  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 
Rev.  J.  M.  Edwards  (and  Nsvsl  Instructor), 

H.M.S.  Ajsx,  screw  flag-ship,  Queenstowh. 
Rev.  G.  Fritche,  Derbyshire  Lunatic  Asylum. 
Rev.  B.  M.  Gane,  H.E.I.C.S. 
Rev.  W.  Holderness,  Convict  Establishment, 

Portland. 
Rev.  H.  H.  Higgius,  Lunstic  Asylum,  Rain- 
hill,  Lancashire. 
Rev.  T.   R.   Holme  (and   Naval   Instructor), 

H.M.S.  President,  flag-ship,  for  the  Pacific. 
Rev.  A.  Le  Brocq   (and  Naval    Instructor), 

H.M.  Paddlewheel  Steam  Frigate  Terrible. 

Queen  stown. 
Rev.  C.  J.  Le  Geyt,  Magdalene  Ciillege,  Oxford. 
Rev.  K.  G.  Moon,  to  Lord  Mayor  of  London 

elect  (Alderman  Sidney). 
Rev.  J.  H.  Nowers  (Assistant),  Convict  Esta- 

blishment,  Portland. 
Rev.  J.  P.  Oliver,  H.M.  Store-ship  Mioden,  at 

Hong  Kong. 
Rev.  G.  Prothero,  Royal  Establishment,  Os- 
borne House,  Isle  of  Wight. 
Rev.J.Raine.Jun.  Univeraity  College.  Durham. 
Rev.  F.  R.  Traill,  to  Earl  of  Wemyss  and 

March. 
Rev.  J.  W.  Watson,  to  British  Residents  at 

Mannheim. 

Oallegiate  and  Schoiastie  AppointmenU. 
Rev.  R.  H.  Blake,  Bursar  of  Univeraity  College, 
Darhan. 


1833.]  Dirthi—M( 

KcT.  T.  H.  Dlck»n.  Koul-Mulenlilii  or  lt>e 

Onmaw  Sctwol.  Itenrick-iipon-Twml. 
Kii>.  J.  Oorlum    Vke-Frincliwl  of  lUf  CuL- 

hciile  laililulioD.  Cape  Ti>«n. 
T.  li.  a  httVit,  Mq.  Pivtnwinililn  nt  l^>rill«l 

eroaamT  ind  J  luitprudeoec,  tlm 

Irjte,  Bdful. 


MARRIAGES. 

Aug.  lU,    At  Norlb  MinitK,  SUnle/,  cUll 

ion  or  Stanley  Orml  Ptttlnu.  riq,  of  Brid| 

'—I    houK,    KiddleHi,   la   Ltiulollt,   >ll 

ArchllMid  Vtiit,  «|,  or  AMUIe,   Hffl 


K,„      muna  WiUulm  KodU.  ut  UM  IIoimI 
"'"^      BKiiI   or    llw  Church  Mbtkiai  in   \ 


Onmnur  Schoot,  Niwtond 
frornMr  J.  FhUUpi,    ~ 
Gnhicy,  r 


Lllipi,    Depaiy.Rculenlilii  in 
uroHiBr,  uniimllv  arOifctil.  iTHL 

Bet.  H.  A.  poiHnger,  Worcester  CallOR,  to      "*""■ 
■•-  'It  of  lite  Vrarlori  or  lUe  Vies  Cbtn-      """" 
't  Court,  UnlvenitrofOirard. 


lien  It  FoD  rabbi 
to  Clurlotle-EJiubelh,  aecDOd  dan.  of  Ue  R4 
B.  Pbilpot,  tonattly  Archdcamn  i         ' 


,t  the  ehipel  oT  the  SnanliU  I 

-" ■-  "  "•  Gtone'i  Ulna' 

(erlonsM,  uqi 


Rev-  J.  9.  jKkHn  iikI  Ber.  F.  C.  Ilabbard  to 
he  Miiiiotuiiea  U  Delhi  of  Ihegoclely  for 
the  IToj- ' •  ■■■-  '■ ■ 


ifitlim  ot  the  tiogpel. 


l-roHi 
W,  Knl„_. ,._ 

CUnreh  Ululooarr  Soci'tlti  ' 


-, JobnFredtric  Wima-Mla 

Eait    Woodbar,     HanU, 

tUronw*  WdiJ,  wWuw  OL . 

IVlckeohan,    Uiddleoex. At    St.    LuM 

ChelK*,  Frederick  Falrtie  SUUttw,  '•V-J 

Perk la. 


til,  lllackbealb,  tu  uuvi 
etdeit  dan.  0/  Ur.  R0I 

-.  KdllU  groT*.  Fnlhain  ti 

llary'i  BrraDiton  «q.  Charle*  Uailawt,  d 
reford  >q.  We*t  Bninptoa,  and  Staple  lOf 


lie.NuionalUnran 


Hallun,  of  < 
dau.  of  the  lai 

Chureh.  J.  S.  Bath 


tord,  to  Mary-Aon.  ; 
wniiam  Fraud!  Wyb 

Bn.esq.ororiiluBl 
or  W.  Damon,  egq 


BIRTHS. 

1  Rocbeater,  the  wife  of  Col,  Sir 
,,    u —     _|j     Anvin- 


le  irire  a 


Major  0.1 

GeorfB  Regtn,  eaq.  t 


—At 


>{  the  Utti 


Klderton  torlie,  Uunton,  the 

tin  atnilall  Burrouihti,!  ilan. At 

■  [lu'aieyCI ^ 

■lau.  of  John  mtnan,  ei 

Arthur,  eWeit  iud  of .     . 

..  -_,. , ,      TurbDlatown,  Co.  Weitmealb,    lo  Ctairkdtc, 

In  Plmlloo,  the  wife  of  the      eldest  diu.  ot  Ednnnd  Jemiofham,  eii|. 

.._j  u .  .^^^.-       ..a.  Uarylebone. Frederic ffliijft(«,  ' 


iierni  e  hauM,  Siuan,  IhevillufAle'iiamlei 

nail  Hall,  SKI.  a  aon. IE.    At  EnrkMliffe, 

ihr  Witt  ofT.  W.  Waldj.  fiq.  a  dao. IT-  Al 

Woolwich,  tbe  «ll^  ''',!i^<!ll^,7"^^"°'.r 
Kef '  l>r.  lionl 


kl  (Aelteabain,      of  Klnpton,  Jamaica,  to  FaaaT.  todbshI  dao. 

UCoslonrec-      of  the  late  Saonel  Self.  esq. At  CIlrlM 

-   ■      "  ~       ■   "t.  Marylehooe,  WUUam  H.  TVolbve, 


eldeit  dan.  of 


Uarler  at.  tbe  wile  of  the  Ket.  J.  W.  Rtete .  a      Trallope,  ew|.  of  Woodnii 

dao. At  Garlni,  Uutn,  the  wilt  of  Capl.      miiuter,  to  FraDCca-IUiia»^,  c»  _.. ». 

lluiler  FMIoHea.  a  toa. II.    Al  Twrfbrd      DaiidCtairlo  Porter,e)q-<>f  Fark  pl.Rqteoro 

hall,  NDrlolk.  the  wife  at  Robert  Blwr^  tvt.      park. ^The  Ret.  Robert  MaeUU,  of  filtoD. 

"  "       ■  -  -    -  -    ■   ■ '-»,  to  llaniaret,  r"  — 

B,  of  FaDirnalin 

At  Stulesrore,  Jnlm  H'oo'llanil.  rsq. 
HID  o(  WiUlam  W,...r, 


I    Dublin, 


Hire  ol  Li«u:.-l^ionel  Lealia,  a  ent). 
CM.  I.    la  the  OOM,  WlMbeiler,  Ibt  wif* 

uf  llrD*alewPoult«r,eeq.*M>a. Al  Ilar1il»- 

down,  near  CantarhDrt,  Mn.  Franrw  lialbfd. 

a  eon. 1,    At  tbe  Uiratl,  the  CoBnleaa  of 

Hone,  I  MR. At  WUderMUiittrk.Seal,  Iba 

MarebiBneaa  Candea,   a  dan. Al  Manor 

lodge,  the  wife  of  Alex.  II.  C.  Nxie,  «nu.  •  d*M. 

1.    At  CiUuu  cuUe,  Ayrahlre.  tbe  Mar- 

eUonaie  of  Allaa,  a  •no. In  Cronnoor^l. 

Udr  Harr  CHir*,  a  ilaa. T.    At   DeoMi 

Court,  Bear  Canurbarr,  Ibe  renldtnce  of  b«r 
father  Cbarlaa  PnrtOB  Cooper,  en.  Q,C  Ibe 
wlA  of  lint.  Oeoin  Aaruilaa  BiW,  X.K.  ■ 

dio 8.  AlOoiuliloa.co.  Nonbanulaa.lhe 

wife  of  the  Re>.  0.  S.  Mowanl  Vvae,  a  aon. 


OeOTite  Lftball  (-V.,. 
ena.laleDfBbu>taluti9.!>c.ilIi>rLlab  lu 
widow  of  Josqih  WalwB,  CM.  ul  \V 
CDnb. — At  Unud water,  rrederit 
TUImhm,  eHi.nKh  Btotil  Nat.  Ini 

WonEdnr. — -At  Si.  IVut'-,  i^>iun 
maabwt. 


nl  Vvae,  a  1 
feofCtpUQI 


thelileU 


MHr" 


Ifmwiml/Sira"^ .  i 
only  dau,  of  the  lii- 
Brlrrlv  hill,  Bultur'^ 


Hill.  Mcuid  dau.  ^J  I.  '.I 

the  Middle  Tenpli^  ..it 

U.  (.'rw(a,ei9.  el(lulM<»  >»  il»'  I-i'-  K'<l>,.m 
dairn,  exi,  Ilull.  lu  Jaiic-Aiiu.  eklni  <lau.  uf 

William  Ward.  eiii. At  Blriiei,  Iftlmniid. 

rourthaonofl^tuJ'eawU.et      '" 
10  riuGM,  elder  di       ' 


622 


Mm-riatref. 


[Not. 


A-    .     ■  ■  -    ■    M>--.  r;   .-•    :•■  .-■     : 

>  •••-•■        I*-  ■.;..:  ■■  t.    •:.-  .  •- 

.*  ''  1    ■•.'..  ■.  >■-•,••:  la::    -.  f  IjIj 

\*       ■      ."   ■:.•:-■■ V'V..-   :..-      .rM\r*". 

I  .•-/■-■     .'  ..^     ■■  H  ■    -  *:   <■■,■.---:. 

'A.   ■■    .  ■  -  :      :   !.:**:  ' A*  \i   '•."•...    K-"- 

•  •  ■  "  i.'  ' '  •  * .  >t"  :»-•  ■•  ■  .•::'.  "»■  ■ 
:.  ■•  .  iJr   c-  "•    pf  .  *.■   i'  ■:.    :'■•■.    !- 

».  .-         .•■■:.    :\:    .  f  I.       ■"  -  1..:.    Mir:'. 

R-.-  .:>     .-.f  li   .\"       ..    ..  L::..  i'.'h 

A:  L'  ■ .-  '.:.-.  MDi  s-'::.  AV  '.-:•..  Mii;:.- 
:  ■         .-      :    *r   "■■:-!•  -r- .   S^    :«.   •     Mu;. 

It-  -.  r.-t:*.  :■:■     f  iii-r*  1 \:   M.cKrrv. 

k:  ■     ■    ]{■'  -r.    >.    ■■•■!■    .■•  :^.•^  ^:  c^   t-.- 

« ■ ■.      •.■:■»'•■'.■;    1    r-.-rr-'a   .  ^i 

15—    *.    li  r-.  •  .    i   ;■  :i  r'.2-L-.::  .  •.-::•.-**{ 

•Ill     /;.H.Lw:.    f  ln<r  C.-fr  "n A: 

St  l:.-:-..  •.■  I.-.:  ^:  ".•  H\.  1  ■..■..  i  .V»:;;V. 
M  \.  :  ■  .  l.li.SA  v..  i-.r."...  :i:'.-  Mt.*!-..- 
if  :  .V-.:  '  i:  -.  ■  -'  \  -  ! .  H  :  ■•.. 
r    •  1  • . :  ■  A.  •       nii   A  .-■•  .1   \.  "^V"-':  r.  »-V 

M  H   I.-     .  n A*.  ^^  'Ja:.*'  i  r^  ■.:-•.  ■.  •   . 

('.;  V  //i..  -iii. '.':'.  j.v.'t.  •'■I.    f  :..:■  .a:e  Ko\. 

^.^  ^     'I  ■■  *'*-■■  '     !■    '■■'b    ^.-  -■  V  • 

l'.;-^:    ■      A:...-rr- :  ?.  ^.-:.   -;   1-i:.  -f  :'.- 

larr  \'  \^Itfr<"  i'.\:-V..* AT  Call'-.-^ 

\^--.  -i-L-:  Tr.  .'  .  r.  J.%-.. "  ..  -r-i.  i  h  :rl  ■; 
Hi.-:  ■..-..  :..  A.  : '.-V.  .irlr:..  eW  r  .:•"  f 
T:.  ::  .  -  "  .k.i.'.,tr:  :..  ■•.  — \:  i  >  -.t.. 
J  ■  •.  If..'.'*,  f-j  .f  in  I.  ..".».  r  rr.wa  ■.  t 
ilir>.  ■I-.—:  Is;  of  l^■'■l•^  I.!'.':,  trj.  I 
"W  .-.■  r.T  •:  I  — A!  \.) ::.;  •:  ■:...•.  1-i-wl.  K.nr-. :'; 
-V-.'-  :Zi:.<*\  k:  l.vu.;-!  ..<■  ;■  1  .  i.i". ^■...- 
'••;.•■;  :!.i   M'.:r.r   ..  i;;.:::.r.-a:>h:t' \t 

U'.rr  ■.■-■.  \.  ".  T.-.-.-ji.  *^.i.  I,:t  :t  K  A.  T 
Aiii  -I.  i:..  e,.l'  -■'.:..  r  iLi-  K  ..  I".  Iv  Wi:,- 
l'.'*.  V-    ..-.f.\.^, :   I...  :  .-J.'-il!!:,  \V..rar:ck*',. 

W  n    i^.'r  •.  J'   I  //.MiW.  I -|.  .t  >!a:.. 

c' '-•■  r.  *.  ■  V  :x.i»-:a.  Ml  :  J  ai-.  fT*.^:-:v 
R.'-:.  . -:  K  '..i  •,  i.r  J.  .:  Nr,*?!-  :r  l^i.J^c- 
r-;  .  I»  ■.   ... 

!■>         \\     »•      ""t...  4,      ■■■■»r    "•■'I*--  I'  ■  ■" 

w?.'.  »N  ;  .iV..  .".■  •■•/'  .■■•,.M:rj.  :  .  <  ;»  :rr*  n. 
I-  .^^lT•.-l^••  =,   V    .■_-■.-:   iliw.  .;   '  ..i    .  .Te  J 

P:.;:-    ..... ,  i:  N 

13  •  ^\;ii.  H.   i»a:       .: '.  .^  .^,  - 

*  .-    •  -      r     \"    ".     M    f    ■  -"*.--■■  .  ^  ■  •      -'     ■  U 

Gi.!>  •in:,  f  r*.!:..-!*  '■!  ..-k!!.:  -'.•?.  :  i  •  -,- 
d^;. ;...-:..«...  .  >:.■.,-  .-.:  -:."\::  ri-.- 
C-i*.  I  i:..-.*  :,  :.::ii  -  r.  t  \.  .,:•.  N.-.:  .;.:.: 
C'.'/.  ••  j.  f  J'r  "  ■  .  .M.  :  '..-,-..  :  ,'.  ■. 
yi  i;>..-. .»   l-  J     f  .1  ■]     >-'i  .i  . .  . .  ,.    : :',-  i:  w 

ft'-i'l. At  u.Mtv  I  ''.r^^:.  Wi-:-     .i:...  t- rr. 

II'-..r;  "^a\  :i  >''.•:..■ '  .    i.-i..-.-  ■:.  ;    .i:.'.  -...j 

of  (i.   iliji- *:.■..- j.  I'f   I'- :,:.*' -.rv     :■ 

Kli/al'-.ih-c.aj ."..:.  ■.   ■   V -:   .i.u    ■:   ::.-r"  l.v... 

Siiii' I.   I'lli*.  IS,.  *  :.  ■:  T. At  \-.%-. .r^;  n. 

Jo'mI;  .'/•>.>r*A"i./.  »■.•■!.  •  f  *.i^:!i  ];.,;  r-."..i:  j:-.  v., 
CO.  i.f  (.'vrL«:.;'.  ?  ■  .M  i:  y.  jvu:..-.":  il  ii:  ■;•:  thi- 
latJ-  lli.'K.a-  I'.?.:'.  . .  ,.'  :  a\.:  :.  r  :  1  \;'.i. 
S!'k«r  N-wr  _■!..!!. —  -At  h.  !..  M.^:;-::'  J-?-; 
Bradt.',  i-.j.  >t-c  .riii  ^  ri  .  f  :..;■  K:,-.,t  I!  ■:.. 
Maziirv  I  Th*\\,  i.  ;ii  H;.-;.  i.  .-,^:  •!:.  r  of  Irc- 
l.ir  ■!.  :■;  K!i2*lif!Ji,  j('"j:-j  -!  .:■.-.  (.f  :;•  •  I.-.if 
R«.v.  K..." .'  rl  \j  ^.^zt' : !.    :  »    -:  ■  .M  ir-. .  1  1   •  r.,- 

At  ."t.  H-;:'r'?.  J-»-^-*.  Ar.:...:i.I.\\ii;u  :'. 

>' u  f  Dr  ^vr^.'.  t  ■  i..:;.i..!  .  ;.■.:.  of  F.  A. 
rai:,-.  ;i, '.- .  ■  '  Ni    1 1-:;.-. 

14  A"  R>t.  H.»:  :.  '  .  >•  ^    ..  1  .'.i:;.  • :'  k:\\\ 
J^!;.»'   U.-.'-r-.  t  ■  J  ':,  »:i  *:  ?..:i     \  j  \.:. 
SJ.?.!,-  .  ,,  ,.  »...:;.  ..:  ;;., 

!'■      AM    :k.«.     rj'  .Vi.'  •.■■,:-;.  1 1  >!aiT- 

v.:     ■:■.  I   *.•:    ^■^     i  *:r  .!i  TiI-  ■!;- V^-.-!: 

At  J;.'.^  ■  .:.,-.  W  ::;;.!■  .  >',....  .v.;.  ,.f  Du'.Huh 
l.lij.  t  ■  «.  .-i-li.rj;..-,   .Im.  ...f  till-  l.i:..-  Krv.  J"liii 

Bin-.;:    iliji-.v. At  .-t.  .M.in.-l.-.-.rcl!.   I"..T. 

nija:  ..I'lwi*;.,  '••:•.:.  ...ft?;..-  ntf  Kiv.  Jnhu 
brtvUftifr,  R...  i..r  <..f  llr.i:.ij»:>bui:'.n,  Vi-rkJ^U. 
to  Cat tifrnnc-. Maria,  tLird  dan.   of  the   Ute 


-  I.  ..*'-     r  ;.■ 

H'  .  ...    ,  ...  I.-- 

ir.       .      *:  .  -. 

Ko.-:..r  tf  t  .■•..-■ 
e!-:  -:    !a--      ;  :v 

...  11'^  «.-..■ 

.7      I     ■ ;  i.-*  ■'■  ■ 
■*:.',-■<•.      •  ■  I 


J.*':  .,\  '•IT..*...  t*.^   cf  Leic-:.<*ter. .\t  Cori- 

•  ..  .-I  »  f  t.'av.t;  .  IrL-'.iDil.  lleary  .V*7*fr.e«q. 
«  r.  .  :  -.:  XV.  M  Milner.  Birt  -f  Nun  A(>(ile- 
t  .  ;  .rK.  '.  I  -irlo::-- ;  ::.\-\  Capt.  Utw^r^d, 
li:  .  Ut-.-'?      f  Hv.  >  Knj.  !lerefonf*a.  to 

.M.\  -.-Kit.  a ,•'  :■-■>'.  if  ArciiJeao'-n  Ueref- 

r    '..'    .  «    r'l^  -i.-. \t  ^t   Ki:t«.*r*s  EAlijtQ  s<|. 

F;^:.ikr-..  ■  it  ..'  e^■4.a  .iv.:.r.  to  L^un.  i'oartb 
.'.■«.  f«  .U..-J'  ' »  v.  esi- -iicifyr,  HriihtOD. 
\:  I  .>i:..'j::  .  W:.i.  ''iirriV.  o*.4.  of  Lain 

ZT.\.  .    I'.-    .^lr>.   Al.Ur   MU:!ii,   of   tliC    AveODf. 

l^  :a.  X(...-':  «.r  J  ].ii  ?(!:::*..  e^q.  li  Bruusirictf 
>    .  •■  L.:. :  -A:  l-.:w'..ini  ?arnfy.\Vinil- 

I*       i-;..  i--.. ■.!>;•: if  •VizJii.  10  3Jar>. 

.  Ur.  W..r>!,;j. At  Sib..' 

..  t'.     lU  -.  J  hn    Maxweil 

■  f  •."..:    Rrv.  Jr,mc«.   Weir, 

.  IrdiD-J.  t^'  >:ar>--Hannah, 

.\'.-:  .'.>1i:i  Hilton,  en*i.  of 

...    - ,  "f  Atldii'it'-.i  place. 
•;:a-NIr--.  .ii::.   if  rharin 

-  .  At  ;=ioLejrr«ve,  ¥Aw. 

Bu-  .  («-(  :  i'..L  >'•:  l.li'.  'i«.r  ;  >.  barrister-at- 
'.A-y.  :  Mir.-K  ::i.  !^.  ti»ir.«t  dau.  of  II. 
l».    Kt  -.  ■  >  I   .■!  SiX'-tl  .rj  I  1   -zf,  YurksT.ire. 

\t  X\  •  ■■■    .1  *iv.  -»ril  At-evan-ifr  Jnjr,  esq.  of 

L  :  :  :..  :     .M.--  K  -•:: *  i"r  .-tor.  a.-o  rif  Lon- 

■;  ;.        :    .*:•      :   \»   -:   (  ..:;".  \Vl::i:iy. At 

:   •.:       !.-\.M   u   .Y.-A.".*-.  liKuriibent 

I."   :..  i-  '••-l  I'f  \Hr:-.  ■■r.iv  son  of 

re-  N.  i.    ■.".  . :  H>  :■:  park  -i.  London, 

t-^i-.r.3.  >c'.:nee?l  lau.oi'?.  Nicholls. 

:  \-  .-•  ■  r  .."::.  is;crlor. .\i  Clninn, 

•:  ..-:  ■'.  •'   •.!  ^;n  .  f  T.  G   CvrUrr,  wci. 
v  '  ■■-.■'■.   A\    r. .  tv   Ijiura-Jane,  fonrth 
:  !..     i-    .'  .  T  lv»*c:i.  «i.  of  Van  Die- 
La".  .  —  .\'.  '«.  ir.«::a  I.  L-5ex,  Thomas 
;.-.  I  ^ ;.  ;:  ' ..-.  \'r.   vc.  Kf.M:.'li  town,  and 
m:  ':!.:  -'  I.  :.■  U.vinii.  \v.::is(rest  dan.  of 
:!:•.■  :.■••  1 J .  :,.  ■<> !  u'    ■■rj.i-  {.  W-  ■•burn,  burkf*. 

At  X".  !"cJ-.    :  1.  I  A!iib     xVi,.;j:.:   Martkafl, 

i8 ,     f  :       •.■.'  J:  . '.  *  '•-•  ^.-riivirj-dau.  o:  ibe 
b      Kv^.  JT    :;■  'V..-.  »R).  Ainr  if  Witchford. 
:>".i  i  :  ■■■i:'\.  l*ari«.  ^ illiam 
:    .  -.  :..>  -U:.'.    I  :.Vj  lafe  J.  H. 
.    »:■.:.  I  .   :  '.\  ■  '..TzAii-.Torlh, 
:,   H- .  r  .  5-.C  li-i  son  of 
-.:■!;.  ■■•(  Nath. 

:  I  , ,"  r  N-.-rw'-.^l.  murrey. 
■  .  .  «    ,'    A.'\a:i»'.er  Mh-rraw, 
:  :«■.'..■■.  I  ?  -n  of  the 

'  :    ..    ;:i'.  :     i.   _■■  •  :  i-(ir.ire, 
.•  -J    i   l"   r*'.  "."  11.   Inni4-> 

mil'. A:  ^:.i-.  :>•■*  Hi:,   --.r  ;■[.  James 

J'a  ■  ,-.         .  i-":t..'-r.l.i.-.'.  S.»intr.'*et, 

-•:.»..:-   ■    .:../.     ^..■  i:  ;■:.-.  1  ?!.ii.;':^y,  to 


I.. 
^;.•■  I 

r. 

da... 
nit:  ' 

C- 


1>      \:: 

■f 

1 

//.iV       ■  .     ! 

- 

V.  \\'^..i  ;. 

1. 

f*    ■.. 

■  ;    \ 

11    :    ^»   '\' 

I>.v  ■       - 

■      '. 

M    "J 

■ 

s:::.  K  .  : 

1.    ■ 

R;-!  •  Ii    :. 

1            ■ 

i".  ..-:    .1  . 

a         ■ 
■       1         1 

li-.i..i  >--.>  I  ...:»i'.i:  ::  -,  <:-.  i..i  i.  nf  (iharles 
Doi  ..-'.a"  l\    :".  r  1.  •  ■  ;.  »-f  iii   ?■  ■ ::  r  <•]  and  uf 

Wl•^:  ;.  Li. At  A...:  a;.>:  ..v.  a.  ii.  Cvf- 

*iV/.  ■',.  :  I...-.'  i..i:.'v.  !  i.  .,».  •:.;>■  d.iu.  of 
\  .-.1.  ■  :  .  :  -.I.-,  f  W'.::.  i::.m.  w. — 
At  P  ;  .''\  irk.  >  ■!:-.  I  :'.:>*  Watkin 
W  I'.Vi  .ru"  1!'  ■■  "  .  -.j. » .  .  ?  !  til-.  Ulf  Rijrht 
II  :  I".  \»  v*.  \  >..  .  M.l.  :■.  :'-  Udy  An- 
ui.r.1  \  ; :»;  ..  ■      r.'..  ■  ;•  . :.  \ .  •.;i.^i->t  dau.  of 

K.'.::  .\|.-.j,vtr.* .vt  1.  .-,  .'.\    :!■>■  Ri*v.  John 

//»•■■■■..  V  V.t    I-    .   L.:  I-  I  I'm. r  J.  dau.  of  the 

liu-   K,   t    il    :.   I.   r.  (■  -rrer.-.y. Henry 

P'...:.  ;  M  :  I.  i. « -» .  •it'-  1-  r.er  Temple, 
StV-.-  .  M'l.  ■■:  :  ■■  :■  K  ..r:..k  ^l.■ll'L^.■■'d.  c<'|. 
I.«'ril  1..- ..:  ':\.'K  .:\  .ir  :i..!r:y.:.iK.;iz>- 
bfli.   .\l.ii-';«ri .  ..  I    :<:•:    :.'!..      :   l!i:.:h  lTinpi« 

C..«i;«..  .;.  •*.,    .;   !i»        .  ..^  -  .■■ . At  Bat- 

tc:*i.«.  ill ;  r> -.■■*■-. »  ■..'■-:  *  :.  ■■:  Janub 
7/..:.  '.-  »■  ,-*,  h  •:  .  .  *  'iiv.  :.i  Mary- 
Jvi.i?,  .!:i;:   i"  .K:  •.  \'.  .vVir«::.  r.  c»i.  ^ '>«^*«^r- 

hoi<>:'  *\|.  :i::.;  l..iw  ....; .  uij  .  UAndsworih. 

At  >ta:ru'> ,  1-1..1-.  .-...!.ui^  •  "'  '^e  Utc 

TI:i';iia'»  /■.".;  »:.i .'..  ^»i^  of  i  PtT» 

to  Maria,  y*  nu^i  «.t  dan.  Ol  '*^» 

c»<j.  of  Kri.^ii.ftc-ii.  Liter  W^ 


^::,: 


1853.] 

hKia,  Willi,  Capl.  H«nrv  B 

R(K»1  M»ri '— 

DcfuomlH,   __  ,,,   „ --— -r --- 

Broome  nnNlnr.  eaq.  of  ClUppcntiUB.— 
Upper  DhI,  (he  <Uet.  U.  Ltntrmce,  Br 
Cbapliin  if  Dmlile,  uil  UUsIoiibtt  Id  ine 
JewJ,  to 8»rih-TMm<r. -Iili-il  ilan.  cf  ilie  Me 
Rntwrt  Cook,  p'f)  "' v — ■'-■'-  ^'-f  -  \i 
Athcrtloat,  Wflrx  >  ~<ir- 
rIvlnfrM)iiCirC>i|>!  <  ><ii!, 
lilsartbsnil  iTi^-  111, 
onlT  din.  of  Hr.  y  -i-. 
At  HI.   Uiriiii-                                   .     D.c 

Hmrr  Walkir,  esy.  uuny  yp-nn  H.fi  M.  Tdh- 
inl  It  PltT'l  and  Pico,  to  BmilT'MMr.  rlilot 
(lau.DfjDiUhSHncer,t9[i.orBfn;ilpl.  Neir 

Ki*nl  rud. At  Riminle,  Joicph  Jobn  CVM- 

tani.  Oil.  Of  Llncoin'i  hrn  Iltlila,  la  Sarah- 
EJIubath.  ODlT  du.  of  John  Hulbert  Oloicr, 

F<iq.  Her  MajHty'i  Utinrlin. At  Goilil- 

mlnt,  Cturtea  HrarT  Bmll,  Mq,  of  BmI- 
Iraorna  lerracf ,  Hydii  pk.  to  KatbtAnk,  budh 
dxn.  or  Ihe  tile  Willlin  Knd,  m.  et  Oodal- 

mlDg. Ai  (he  PitoehCilIioneChkiid.  Lon- 

dmi,  JoaFph  T.  Harttng,  ew]  of  LlncDln>a  Inn 
flHni,  10  Mirf-Anne,  only  lanlTlaK  child  of 
Ihe  late  Imu  Cooper,  nq,  of  Biigbloa. 

M.  At  Ratblkraham,  DabUn,  lh>  Her.  D. 
Ilalc  PiiMi.  M.K.  to  BIfanor.  eldest  dan,  of 
Ihc  lUshl  Hon.  MMtere  Bred;.  Lard  HlRh 

ChanceUijr  of  Irpland. At  Spcen.  U«rk>,      ncn 

William  t^.an.  et  Qdkd  >t.  MayRilr,  and  Sir 
WoodUnda.  OtTon,  to  Rdj«tT»-Maifa,  dan.  oT  ihlr 
ihr  talc  LenUQeor[eDlt»,e9i|.  or  TaTliIock  I'elt 
»lr«l,  Ikalfonl  square.  At 

S.    At  Rydal  Obap«'i  John  Wakelleld  Crop-     e»q. 
piK  caq.  iMond  ton  ot  John  Cropper,  fq.  of      1^*4'  <>' 
UnTte bilk.  UrerpoDl,  to  Sannni-Btlubelb-      od[v  lI 
.jdl*.  thira  flan,  of  lh«  "       - 


Hugh    Ilarolllon    Mortimer,    eaij. 

Tooling.   Snttej, AI  Woiialoi.. 

Jonathan  Blatkliiirnr,   U.A.  of  Daxlord,  | 

Anan-SophU,  Tonmnt  daa,  or  ihel      

FWkir.  Hu.  of  Sudsn  ScuKkj. . 

«th,  r.  n,  W.  WAfalfn,  tsq,  vt  Cull 
inlla,  eldut  <lau,  of  tin.'  Inln  lUibori 
esq.  of  Calmplri'  1.''       '■ 
btlDD,  CUlrtn  J<>li»    . 
eldeal  aon  of  Umi 
R.N.  toUir^Matil'' 


Evelyi, 


e  lata  Dr.  Arnold,  of 


Iha  late  Juliu  levels  Qrt«oo\  isq.  Litui. 

At  BadiD,  near  Tiurd,  Henry  Bmta,  ra 

»En»1  Arrnf,  (o  Mary,  lellet  of  J.  UvlilH 
egg,  Iten^l  Armr. 
II.    Ai  liie  Ikiil^li  r.mlins-." .  I'arii.J.n 


«: 


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I.  foiiman  >q. Ai  31.      Iinflan,  flnllulk,  to  A 

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OBITUARY. 


Sfpl.]h.  At  BeltoQ  Hoiue.  Lincoln- 
■hirr,  in  bia  75th  fear,  the  Rigbt  Hon. 
John  CusI,  Eirl  Brownlaw  and  Viicount 
Alfurd  (leiS),  cecomlBvonBrawnlo«,or 
Bdtiin.  end  the  fifth  Bsronrt  <1G7T), 
G.tJ.H.,  D.C.L.,  F.R,S..  F.S.A..  F.L.S., 
a  Governor  of  King's  College,  London, 
and  a  Director  of  tlie  Britiih  Intlitution. 

Ixird  Brownloit  nai  bom  on  the  19th 
Angiut  11(9.  He  wai  the  cideit  son  of 
Browolow  the  fint  Lord  (who  wu  rabed 
to  the  ixer^e  in  acknowledgment  ot  the 
■erricei  of  bia  hlher,  the  Right  Hon.  Sir 
John  Cuat,  aa  Speaker  of  the  Hoqm  of 
Commoiur,  by  hii  Hcond  wire  Prsneei, 
dao|hler  and  heir  of  Sir  Hmr;  BanVi,  of 
Wimbledon  in  Sorre;,  an  Alderman  of 
tdndoo.  He  Hal  a  meniber  of  Tnnity 
college,  Cambridge,  vbere  the  degree  of 
M.A.  (•■■  confFrred  upon  hini  in  1801. 
HewatLTeatcdD.C.L.  at  Oxford.  June  lU, 
1834. 

election  of  1802,  ■<  one  of  the  membcri 
fur  the  boreugh  of  UliCheroe,  wbirli  he 
eomlnued  lo  tepreMni  in  (he  too  fullon- 
inx  txrliameota.  anlll  bit  accraiian  to 
thei«erage. 

He  received  the  conimiation  of  Major 
in  Ihe  Hiijral  Uneoln  mililia   in  the  year 

yrare  the  Colonel  of  Ibil  regimvnl. 

He  auceeedrd  lo  the  peerage  on  IliE 
death  of  hit  fatber,  on  Chritlmaa  day  in 
the  year  IHUT  i  and  wa*  adraneed  to  tbe 
dignity  of  an  Eirl  by  paleuC  dated  Not. 
If,  il)l5.  He  waa  nominated  a  Knight 
QranJ  Croid  of  the  Hinurerjaa  Guelpbio 
Order  in  1831. 

In  I8UU  he  *raa  appointed  Lord  Lieu- 
leiianl.  Cuatoa  Rotulorun,  and  Vice- 
Ajlniiral  oF  thr  Cnaat  of  Lincolnihire.  He 
rraigoed  Uvxc  o(Kc»  laac  yrar,  nben  be 
wuturceeded  by  lheMan|iic>*arGrBnby. 
The  Earl  «w  alio  furnierly  Bccorder  of 
Boiton. 

lu  politir*  Lord  Biownlow  wa«  a  rnn- 
■tanl  iBpliortcr  of  the  t'oiiserratitc  party. 
Siiioerelf  altached  tu  the  Churv h  of  Eog- 
laad,  hia  Lonlihip  •■■  alwaya  among  the 
fiitt  10  aaiiat  au}  iclieine  vhich  «B>  pro- 
niulnd  by  epiaeopal  anthurity  Hitbin  hia 
a»n  diac««.  nnd  minjr  nan  ehorelici  in 
London  nnd  eUesberu  nwnd  much  to  bit 
Ixird.bip'i  liberaUiy.  He  ntm  an  intelli- 
gent patron  n(  literature  and  •u^lencn  and 
pretided  nilh  iiiurh  rordiality  at  the  an- 
nual metrling  ol  lb*  Arrhnxdugival  Inali- 
tuK  bcU  at  UncolB  in  I84B. 


Earl  Biunnlow  wai  three    limci    nii 
Tied.       Hia  (irat  vife  wai  Sophia,  >eco 
danghter    of     Sir    Ahraham     Ilutne, 
Wotnilejbury.  co.    Hertford,    Bort.,     fcrj 
Ajnelia-Egerton,  daughter  of  John  BgaS  J 
ton,  D.D.  Lord  Biibnp  of  Durham,  h 
Lady  Anne    Sophia    Grey,   dangbter 
Henry  Doke  of  Kent.    Tliia  UJy  B 
Ion  died   on  the  2lit  Feb.  ISN,  t< 
liiue  one    dsughler    and    tvro   aoni 
Lady  Sophia- Frances,  oiarrieil  in  IS»6  ti 
Chrittopber  Tower,  jun.   eaq.,   ofWei' 
Hall,  Easei;  i.  Jolin-Hume,  the  late  r 
cooDt  Alford ;    aud   3.   the  Hon.  Cha 
Henry  Cusl,  itbo  married,  in  lM-3,  Car* 
line-Sophia,  eldeat  daughter  of  ReginiH 
George  Maodoiiald,    eaq.    of    Claorooil' 
(niece  to  the  prtaent  Connteai  Brownlot. 
and  tolbeEarloFMounl-Edgcanibej.h 


The  Barl   married    ■ 
IBIS,  Caroline,  aeconi 
Fludyer.  eaq.of  Ayal' 
grand -d an i-bler  of    John   ninth    K 
Weatmorelaiid.    Tbla   lady  died  c 
4lh  July  11)24.  leaving  iaine  tbrae  daa| 

tera  !    1.  Lady  Caroline-Mary ;        

Amelia  1  3.  LiiJy  Kitbarine-Anne,  n*r- 
ried  in  MSI)  to  Artbur-Ueorge  Viteoant 
Craaley,  auii  and  heir-apparent  of  the 
Earl  of  Ontlnw  ;  lieaiden,  4.  Lady  Ebia. 
beth,  who  ilied  iiion   alter  her   birth  lU 

Tbe  Earl'a  third  wife,  who  anrriTe* 
him,  waa  Lady  Emma  Sophia  Edgcnmbe, 
eldeat  daughter  of  Richard  Kcond  Earl  of 
Mount  Edgcumhc.  lo  whom  be  waa  mar* 
rinl  on  the  17th  July  1)t38.  Her  L«]y- 
ahip  waa  formerly  Lady  of  the  Bedchan- 
ber  to  Qaaen  Adelaide.  She  bad  ou 
ebildren. 

John-Hnme  Viaconi.t  Alford,  Earl 
Brownlow'i  eldeat  aon,  d>«d  on  the  Sd 
Jan.  laai,  ami  a  mtiDoir  of  him  will 


act-ondly.  Sept.  1 
'      '   erofGeoi 
b.  Rutland,! 


:(1I.     He 
only  in 


taken    Ibe   name  of  Egerti 
year  1H4!I,  on  coming  into 
the  Brldgrwaler  riUtea  by  the"  deatb  of  I 
dowagrr   Coanteia  of    Bridgeirater 
widow  of  John  William  Ibe  wtenlh 
Thia  inhrriianw  bad  been  clogged  by 
Dobleman    with   the   condllloD— now 
dared  illegal   (leo  oar  Number  for 
tenbt-rUat,    p.  .1UI),    that  Lord    All 

Earldom    uf    Bri)«n1ow,    or    before 


Crown  (he  dignUy  of  Marqueu  or  DallO 
of  Bridgewaler,  The  contingency  of  Lord 
Alford  Jjrinc  befoR  hia  Ttthtr.  but  after 


>rd  I 


C^TTTtlT. 


f*X 


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flnpi-*:.    jd    tv..    -uB      ••-nix*  ▼  il'^B' 

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nib  .t   i.nt   I.  rysiam:  ul  '3it  tai- 
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lie  pitacst  Lori  i 


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tkrr-j^'T::*.  T:rT  ^-jre  li  :  w  f-f-rsr'U?  as 
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to  €*:«.-  C2  ae    -.  >.    » -£r  ^:  :-j  ii 


f 


GcBcrat     Bccropohi.     Srsf:r3»«' 


1853.]       OsiTVARY^Right  Bon.  Sir  Frtdtrkk  Adam. 

apparent,  but  the  alpect  of  the  nululy 
wui  in  no  wiM  lUrming.  Aflcc  four  dsja 
lianevcr  tlie  stcength  of  the  lufferer  \itgiia 
ta  slnlc  ispiJIf,  and  bo  cipireil  on   the 

uext  mornlDj. 

Lord  Andenon  ivas  uiioiairiod. 


The  RioHT  Ho.v.  Sir  Fred.  Apau. 

Aug.  l;.  At  GceeDOich,  the  RisUt 
IIou.  Sir  Frederick  Adam,  a  Priif  Caua- 
cillur,  Geueral  in  theHrmy,  ColODel  of  the 
iUl  Foot,  G.C.ti,  mil  G.C.M.G. 

He  «■!  a  f  ounger  tiiii  of  the  InW  Bight 
UoD,  William  Adam,  of  Blair  Adun,  cd. 
Kinroii,  Lord  Lieuleiiant  of  that  coontr, 
and  Lonl  Chief  Commibiioaer  of  the  Jury 
Cauit  in  SudttuDd,  bj  the  Hon.  EleoDor* 
Elphintloaei  lecand  daughter  of  CbBrlea 
leuiU  Loril  Elphi: 


Her< 


ofBn- 


_      1  tbo  26th  Foot,  ii  , 

fruin  General  Sir  Chnrlc*  Stuart,  uid  a 
LieateaoDcy  iu  the  aame  aa  the  ^  Feb. 
);ue.  Ilu  did  not  joiri  Uat  regiment, 
which  wot  then  in  CbdiuU,  bat  wsa  placed 
■t  Woolnich,  for  hit  military  edauatioD, 
and  in  July  179!)  joined  ui  volunteer. 
Sir  Ralph  Abercrombf'i  expeditiun  to 
the  Helder,  during  nbiuh  he  acti'iily  par- 
took in  every,  engagement,  being  attached 
to  Ihe  JTIIi  regiment.  On  bis  return  hi* 
■eriicu  Kere  acknowledged  bj  the  Duke 
of  York  bj  promotion  Co  a  companj  iu 
tbe  9th  Foot  1  from  ohicb  ha  wai  trooi- 
ferred  to  the  Colditream  Goardi  on  the 
etb  Dec  IIS9.  Ue  sct'ed  with  that  regi- 
meul  in  the  Mediterranean  for  lii  monthi, 
and  afterwards  in  the  Egyptian  campaign, 
where  he  «ai  in  thi:  nction*  of  the  14th, 
)3th,  and  .11*t  March,  ISUl. 

pD  tlie  9th  Jttlj,  1803.  be  was  appointed 
Major  ia  the  3lh  bntlalion  of  teHrvej  in 
AHgnit,  1804,  Lieut.-Culonel  of  the  3tb 
Carrieon  battalion  ;  and  on  the  Sth  Jan. 
imi,  Ueul-Colonet  of  the  31il  FooL 
He  landed  in  Sicily  in  command  bf  that 
rogiracDt  in  July,  ISOU,  and  coolinaed 
there  for  eeveral  yean.  During  that 
period  lie  sertcd  itlth  Iiia  reitimeot  in 
CiiUbria  in  the  mmmer  of  1K09,  while  Sir 
JaliD  Stuart  vaa  emphifed  againtt  the 
islanda  in  the  Bay  of  Naple*.  The  Eng- 
lish foroea  in  Calabria  obtained  poasesiioa 
of  Seylia,  and  retained  it  for  tome  time. 
In  Sept.  leitt  lieut.-Coloni^t  Adam  waa 
engaged  in  an  affair  near  Mtli  with  about 
40UU  Neapolilan  troopi  which  wiiruUaded 
tbccaiaibe  night  under  Oeniral  Uairagnaei 
but,  hy  hii  eSoieni  iliipuial  of  the  troop) 
at  Ilia  oummand,  Ih^y  nera  checked  in 
their  pru|reM  until  thl-  urriial  of  Lieut- 
Oen.  Campbell. 

In  Juiu  IMll  Lieut.. CuIuqbI  Adam  re- 
tutntd  to  Enghind,  haitag  been  previously 
^•fwuled    AJde-do-Camp  to   bia   Royal 


Uigbneii  the  Prbce  R^eot.  He  again 
deported  to  Sicily  nitU  Lord  William  Bon- 
tinck  in  the  following  October,  some 
Bctiie  operAtions  being  then  coulempUted 
In  that  quarter.  He  Wna  auoa  after  ip- 
pointed  Deputy  Adjutaot-general  in  Sicily. 
On  the  lath  Augnst,  1612,  he  attained  the 
brciec  of  Colonel ;  and  about  the  same 
time  he  jained  the  Britiih  troopi  on  the 
Eait  roast  uf  Spain.  About  April  l»13 
be  was  appointed  to  command  a  brigade, 
conaiating  of  one  English  end  tiro  foreign 
battalions,  a  troop  of  foreign  hussare,  and 
a  eompaoy  of  foreign  riflemen,  which 
formed  the  advance  of  Ihe  army,  and  oon- 
sisteJ  of  about  ISOO  men.  Tbe  adnnco 
was  etiaeked  at  Biar,  on  the  12th  April, 
18IJ,  by  about  5000  French,  with  caialry 
and  artillery.  After  defending  iti  pust  fur 
Use  hiiurs  it  retired,  pureUHDl  to  orders,  on 
the  main  body  at  Caitalla.  Cohrnel  Adam 
was  wounded  b  the  left  Ehoulder  on  this 
occasion,  but  was  not  compelled  10  leata 
the  field.  On  tbe  13th  the  enemy  in  three 
[liviuooi  attacked  the  left  of  Ihe  com- 
bioed  line,  in  position  at  Cutalls.  Tbe 
lefl  couaisted  of  the  adnnce  and  of  Colonel 
Whittingham's  Spauiih  dilision  t  they 
were  completely  repnlsed,  and  lost  nearly 
three  thousand  men-  Colonel  Adam  coia< 
miuded  the  ssnie  brigade  at  tbe  aiege  of 
Tarragona,  in  Jane,  when  it  formed  part 
of  Ihe  covering  army.  Ha  continaed  to 
command  tbe  adruuce  of  the  army  oftei 
Lord  William  Denliock  took  thecommandi 
and  ho  was  pasted  eu  the  pasi  of  OrdaU 
when  the  French  attacked  and  atormod 
(hat  fort  on  the  12tb  Sept.  1813.  On  this 
occosioa  ColoDcl  Adam  received  two 
wounds,  one  of  which  bruke  his  left  arm. 
and  the  other  ihattered  his  left  band, 
forcing  him  to  leave  the  Geld.  Ueut.- 
Colonel  Reeled,  who  sucuecded  to  the 
command,  waa  soon  afler  shot  througli 
the  body,  and  also  obliged  to  leave  the 
Geld.  Tbe  Iroapa  foughi  deipentcly,  hut 
were  at  last  completely  driven  back.  Colo- 
nel Adam  came  bome  on  account  uf  hia 

He  rcueivnl  tbe  rank  of  Unjor- General 
on  (he  ilh  June,  IBM.  He  umd  the 
campaign  in  Flauder^  and  at  Waterliw 
oommauded  the  3d  British  brigade,  con- 
sisting of  the  b'ii,  TIsI,  aod  95Ui  regj- 
meals  ;  asd  was  again  severely  wounded. 
The  Ruwi&a  and  Auslrian  orders  of  St. 
Aime  anil  Maria  Theresa  <tet«  ptcscnted 
to  him  for  Waterloo ;  and  on  the  22d 
June,  1»<I5,  he  woi  uominatetl  a  Kuight 
Camiaandtc  of  Ihe  Bath.  Uc  aflerwards 
lerted  ud  the  atilf  in  the  Mediterranean, 
and  m  iS'21  was  iiumiualed  a  Commander 
of  lUe  Ionian  Ordi<r  of  St.  Michael  and  Si. 
George  ;  of  which  he  sahseijuently  became 
A  Grand  Cross  (and  for  tbe  time  Grand 


52H 


Obituary.— '^rfm.  Sir  CharUg  Adanh  K.CnS.        [Kor. 


Mnitrr),  on  being  appointed  in  March 
10V4  LonI  High  Commiuioner  of  the 
Ionian  Islands,  which  office  he  held  until 
1H26.  He  attained  the  rank  of  Lieut.- 
General  July  22,  1830.  lie  was  aworn  a 
Privy  Councillor  in  1B31.  In  1832  he 
wan  appointed  GoTcrnor  of  Madras,  where 
he  remained  until  1835.  He  waa  adTtnced 
to  the  grade  of  Grand  Crou  of  the  Bith 
June'.'O,  1840.  On  the  4th  Dec.  1835, 
ho  waa  oppointed  to  the  Colonelcy  of  the 
57 tb  regiment,  from  which  he  waa  re- 
moved to  the  *2Ut  in  lK4J.  He  arrived 
at  the  full  rank  of  General  Nov.  9,  1846. 

He  married  firvt  a  Greek  lady,  who  died 
in  1844  ;  and  secondly,  in  1851,  a  daugh- 
tcr  of  the  late  John  MaberlT,  etq. 

Sir  Frederick  Adnm  had  been  on  t  visit 
to  his  brother  Sir  Charles  Adam,  at  Green- 
wich Honpital ;  and  had  just  entered  one 
of  the  carriages  of  the  Greenwich  Railway 
to  return  to  London,  when  he  was  sud- 
denly struck  by  death. 

Admiral  Sir  Ciiarlks  Adam,  K.C.U. 

Sfpt.  16.  At  Greenwich  Hospiral,  aged 
73,  Sir  Charles  Adam,  K.C.B.  of  Barnes, 
CO.  Clackmannan,  .\dmiral  of  the  White, 
Governor  of  Greenwich  Hospital,  Lord 
Lieutenant  of  Kin r«)ss •shire,  and  one  of 
the  Elder  Brethren  of  the  Trinity  House. 

Sir  Charles  Adam  waa  the  eldest  son  of 
the  Right  Hon.  William  Adam  by  the  Hon. 
Eleanora  Elphinstonc;  and  was  elder  bro- 
ther to  the  subject  of  the  preceding  me- 
moir. He  was  born  at  Brighton  in  the 
year  17H0.  He  entered  the  navy,  Dec.  15, 
1790,  as  captain's  servant,  on  board  the 
Royal  Chariotte  yacht,  Capt.  Sir  Hyde 
Parker,  lying  at  Deptford.  In  17U3,  in  the 
Robust  74,  commanded  by  his  uncle  the 
Hon.  Geo.  Keith  Klphinstone,  he  was  pre- 
sent, us  midbhipmau,  at  the  investment 
and  subserjuent  evacuation  of  Toulon.  In 
the  Glory  98,  Capt.  John  Elphinstone, 
Mr.  Adam  bore  a  warm  part  in  Lord 
Howe^s  action,  June  1,  1794.  He  was 
afterwsrds  transferred  successively  to  the 
Barfleur  m  and  Monarch  74,  each  bear- 
ing the  fliig  of  his  relative  the  Hon.  Sir 
G.  K.  Elphinstone,  whose  official  appro- 
bation he  received  for  his  signal  services 
as  Acting  Lieutenant  in  command  of  the 
S<|uib  gun- brig,  at  the  carrying  of  the 
important  post  of  Mayscnbergh,  during 
the  operations  which  led  to  the  capture  of 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  in  1795. 

In  Oct.  1795,  being  appointed  Acting 
Lieutenant  of  the  Victorious  74,  he  pro- 
ceeded to  the  East  Indies,  and  on  Sept.  9, 
1 1 9G,  participated,  in  company  with  the 
Arrogant  74,  in  a  long  conflict  of  neitrly 
four  hours  with  six  heavy  French  frigates 
under  M.  Serccy,  which  terminated  in  the 
separation  of  the  combatants,  after  each 

1/6 


had  been  much  crippled,  and  the  Victo- 
rious had  sustained  a  loss  of  17  meo  killed, 
and  57,  including  her  ciptouu  woonded. 
M  r.  Adam  was  confirmed  to  a  LievteDRiicj 
in  the  Barfleur,  Feb.  8,  1798.  On  the 
16th  May  following,  be  obtained  oftdal 
command  of  the  Falcon  fireshm,  bat  was 
8«>on  after  trmnsferred  to  the  Afbatroa  18, 
and  was  ordered  with  despatches  to  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  whence  he  nItimBtclj 
accompanied  an  expedition  sent  to  tha 
Red  Siea  for  the  purpose  of  intercepting 
the  French  in  their  meditated  descent  npon 
India.  On  the  ISth  June.  1799.  he  was 
advanced  to  the  command  of  La  SybiOe  of 
48  guns,  which  in  Aug.  1800  asaisted  ia 
the  capture  of  five  Dutch  armed  TCMris 
and  22  merchantmen,  in  BataTia  roads ; 
made  prize,  in  Oct.  following,  of  94  Ontch 
proas,  four  of  which  mounted  six  gnnt 
each:  and  on  Aug.  19,  1801,  off  Mah^, 
the  principal  of  the  Seychelle  lilands, 
took  the  French  frigate  La  Chifbnne  of 
42  guns  and  226  men,  of  whom  83  were 
killed  and  30  wounded.  On  arriving  with 
his  trophy  at  Madras,  he  waa  presented 
by  the  Insurance  Company  at  liiat  plaee 
with  an  elegant  sword,  valued  at  200 
guineas,  and  the  merchants  at  Calcutta 
also  subscribed  for  him  a  sword  and  a  piece 
of  plate.  Having  at  length  returned  to 
England,  he  was  appointed  May  23,  1803, 
to  the  command  of  La  Chiffonne,  which 
had  been  added  to  the  British  navy  at  a 
36-gun  frigate,  and  cruised  with  snceesa 
in  the  North  Sea  and  Channel  until  the 
summer  of  1805;  and  on  the  10th  June  in 
that  year,  with  the  Falcon  sloop.  Clinker 
gun-brig,  and  the  Frances  armed  cutter, 
drove  under  the  batteries  of  Fecamp  a 
division  of  the  French  flotilla,  consisting 
of  two  corvettes  and  15  gun- vessels,  car- 
rying in  all  51  guns,  4  eight-inch  mortars, 
and  3  field-pieces,  accompanied  by  14 
transports. 

From  the  27th  Aug.  1805,  to  the  6th 
April  1810,  Capt.  Adam  commanded  the 
Resistance  of  38  guns ;  in  which  he  wit- 
nessed Sir  John  Warren's  capture,  March 
13,  1806,  of  the  Marengo  BO,  the  flag-ahip 
of  Admiral  Linois,  and  the  40-gun  frigate 
Belle  Poule ;  brought  a  considerable  quan- 
tity of  freight  home  from  Vera  Crux   in 
Feb.  1807  ;  took,  27th  December  follow- 
ing, TAigle  privateer,  of  14  guns  and  66 
men  ;  conveyed  a  large  body  of  general 
officers  to  the  roast  of  Portugal  in  1808  ; 
afterwards  bore  the  lute  King  of  the  French 
from  Port  Mahon  to  Palermo,  and    waa 
otherwise  actively  and  usefully  employed. 
After  removing  into    the    Invincible,^  '^* 
Captain  Adam  commenced  a  seriea  •• 
fectual  co-operations  with  the  paw 
the  coaat  of  CaUlonia,  where,  vaf 
other  parts  of  the  coast  '*'   ^"^ 


1853.] 


OstrcARY.— 5i/-  Frtdei-ii/c  Hamilton,  Bart. 


ried  on  fvr  a  eaniJdenble  time  the  dulid 
of  Soniar  Officer,  and  Ettatlf  annoyed  the 
laemrin  the  jeira  1811.  IBIS,  nnil  1H13. 
Shortly  after  paying  oS  the  loijncible, 
Captain  Adnm,  on  May  16,  ISIl,  uiumfd 
the  itpeclal  acid  temporary  CDmuiBiiiJ  of 
the  Imprrgoable  98,  baoring  llic  Bug  of 
the  Duke  of  Clarence,  in  which  he  landed 
the  Emperor  of  Riusin  and  llie  King  of 
Prusiin  at  Dotgt,  on  the  lith  June,  and 
vuaflerirarda  prtteot  at  the  graud  naiil 
revieir  held  at  Spithead.  He  wsb  Domi- 
nated, 15ch  Dec.  fDllDwing,  Acting  Captain 
of  the  Royal  Sorereign  yacht,  in  uliieh  be 
coatinued  nntil  Feb.  T,  1815.  Being  re- 
appointed to  that  TUtael,  30th  July,  18S1, 
he  Hccompaaied  George  IV.  in  hii  viait  to 
Ireland  and  Scotland.  He  vai  ■operaeded 
in  the  Royal  Sovemgn,  on  liit  promotion 
to  flag-rank.  May  3T,  lB2!i;  and,  attain- 
ing the  rank  of  Vice-AdminI,  Jan.  10, 
1837,  iraa  subaequeatty  employed  aa  Com- 
mander-in-Chief  in  North  America  snd 
the  W»t  Indiea,  with  bis  flag  on  board 
the  IllDitrioiu  1i,  from  Aug.  IT,  1B41, 
until  May,  1841,  when  he  nai  placed  on 
bair-pay. 

Sir  Cbarlea  A(1ani  wii  elected  to  parlia- 
oirat  for  the  eoontioa  of  Clackmannan  and 
Kinra»  nt  the  general  eleelion  of  1B3I  ; 
agiia  in  1632,  defeating  Robert  Bruce, 
eiq.  by  5:^7  TOtea  to  196  j  and  again  in 
18i&,  when  be  dtfeated  Mr.  Bruce  by 
U7  votei  to  285 ;  again  *ithoat  oppoiU 
tioD  in  1837,  and  he  retired  n^m  par- 
liament in  1841.  He  w«i  nominated  n 
Knight  Commander  of  the  Haih  Jan.  10, 
1835;  and  wia  ajipoinled  Lord  Lieutenant 
of  the  couDlj  oF  Kinruas,  April  1, 1833. 
He  waa  one  of  the  lorda  of  the  aitmirilty 
fnim  April  1B3S  to  SrpU  I84I.  and  dfain 
from  July  1816  lo  IMT.  He  was  then 
appointed  Goremor  of  Grtenwiph  Hoi- 
pilal,  a  poit  which  he  did  not  ■ceept  ■>  k 
meie  rplcoBt  fnt  hi*  own  adnnceityetn, 
bat  to  nhieh  he  oarried  the  aame  energetic 
aotivitf  whivb  had  chararteriaed  his  earlier 
yetia.  Hia  adminiiCntion  manifcated  an 
nnnearicd  and  perierering  endeatonr  to 
brnefit  the  whole  eatabliahment.  Alt  guard' 
duty  by  day  and  night,  formrrly  to  har- 
raiiing  to  the  old  men.  Iiu  been  aboliihed, 
and  the  lodging,  clothing,  and  diet  of 
both  pinsionen  and  boya  improved.  He 
waa  indefatigable  In  ioipectlng  the  ward* 
— no  trlUng  labonr  in  that  ralentive  and 
Uttj  boilding— mingling  with  the  pen- 
^nera,  and  addreaiing  them  in  an  kind 
and  affable  a  maimer  thai  the  most  diffident 
wctv  meauiiged  lu  r<in<niunicalc  their 
,  which,  when  able,  he  at 
Fior  wii  Sir  Cbarlea 
"><r  intereated  in  the  wel- 
■tid  dnring  the  perio- 
*  GoTemmenl  in- 


Ue  waa  appointed  one  of  the  Elder 
Brethren  of  the  Trinity  Honae  in  1«40; 
and  attained  the  raiili  of  Vice-Admiml  in 
1B37,  and  that  of  full  Admiral  in  1848. 

Sir  Charlei  Adam  married,  in  1822, 
Eliiabeth,  daughter  of  the  late  Patrick 
Brydone,  esq.  of  Lcnnell,  and  younger 
•liter  to  the  late  Coaateai  of  Minto;  by 
whom  he  haa  left  an  only  aon.  WiUiam 
Adam.  caq.  barrialer-at-law,  who  la  ' 
□naDCCPtafuUf  contested  the  repreeei 
of  Clackmnnnan  and  Kinnwa. 

Hia  funeral  took  place  on  the  Sli 
tember,  when  hia  body  iras  borne 
grave  by  the  sorrowing  veterans  of  Gi 
wich  Hospital. 

kHai 


Sift  PRKDKB] 

Aug.  14.  Aged7£. 
Ion,  the  fifth   Baronet,  ot   anterion  am, 
CO.  Lanark  (1647]. 

He  »u  bom  on  the  14Ih  Dec.  177T.  lbs 
aon  of  CapUio  John  William  Hamilton, 
Under  Secretary  at  War  in  Ireland  lion 
of  Lieu  I. -General  Sir  Robert  Hamilton  the 
fourth  Baronet.  Colonel  of  the  40th  regi- 
ment), by  Mary- Anne,  daughter  of  Richard 
St.  George,  eaq.  of  Kilrnth,  co.  Kilkenny. 
Hia  aiiicra  were  married  lo  Sir  Cbarlei 
Drake  Dillon,  of  Liamallen,  co.  Meath, 
Bart,  nnd  to  tba  late  General  Sir  George 
Anaon.  Q.C.B. 

He  aucceeded  to  the  Baronetey  on  the 
death  of  hia  grandlatber. 

Sir  Frederick  entered  Ibe  d(il  aervice 
of  the  Hon.  EsM  India  Company  in  the 
Bengal  utabliahmeni,  in  1793.  He  waa 
aome  time  Coltrctor  for  (he  district  of 
Benarea :  and  retired  from  the  aeriice 
in  1833. 

He  married  Feb,  14,  1800,  Eliza-Uoca- 
ret,  yonngest  danghtcr  of  Jobn  Collie,  of 
Calcutta,  M.D.  and  by  that  lady,  who  died 
on  the  1 1th  Feb.  1841,  had  issue  five  aonai 
I.  Sir  Robert-Nurtb.Cotlie,  hia  succcaaori 
3.  the  Rev.  Arthur  Hamilton,  B.C.L. 
Chaplain  in  the  Kaat  India  Company's 
service  at  Moulmeiu ;  3.  Fred  crick- Wii- 
liam,  late  Captain  I3th  Lancers,  who  mar- 
ried in  1844  Emily-Maria,  daughter  of 
Tboroaa  Carvi.-k.  e-q.  of  Wyke,  York- 
•hire,  and  Highwood  Hill.  Middleasx  ;  4. 
Henry-Charlei,  ot  the  Bengal  Civil  aer- 
vice,  who  married  in  1837  Prsncei- Isabel li. 
yonngeit  daughter  of  Janiea  Gine,  esq.  of 
Froine,  and  hog  isiue ;  and  S.  the  Rev. 
Cliarlei  Dillon  Hamilton;  and  one  daugh- 
ter, ElliB-Anne,  married  lo  Cbarlea  Hard- 
ing, esq.  of  the  East  India  Company^ 
Ciiil  service,  aecond  aon  of  the  late  VT 
Harding.  c«q.  of  Biraact  Hooee, 
Warwick. 

ST 


m 


680     Sir  W.  Burnabif.—Sir  G.  Petherston.-^Sir  H.  Omhw.    [Nor. 


The  present  Baronet  was  formerly  assis- 
tant judge  and  magistrate  of  Benares,  and 
has  since  been  resident  at  the  Conrt  of 
Tudore.  He  was  born  in  1802,  and  mar- 
ried in  1831  his  cousin  Constantia,  third 
daughter  of  General  Sir  George  Anson, 
G.C.B.;  and  by  her,  who  died  in  1 842,  he 
has  issue  two  sons  and  three  daughters. 


William  Rcecc,    eiq.    of    Ledbmr,    to. 
Hereford. 


Caft.  Sir  W.  C.  H.  Burnaby,  Bt.  R.N. 

Lately,  Sir  William  Crisp  Hood  Bur- 
naby, the  third  Baronet  (1767),  a  Com- 
mander R.N. 

He  was  the  only  son  and  heir  of  Sir 
William  Chaloner  Burnaby,  the  second 
Baronet,  by  Elizabeth,  second  daughter  of 
Crisp  Molyneux,  esq.  of  Garboldesham, 
Norfolk.  His  grandfather.  Admiral  Sir 
William  Burnaby,  the  first  Baronet,  sue- 
cessiTely  held  the  chief  command  on  the 
Leeward  Islands  and  Jamaica  stations, 
and  died  in  1777. 

He  succeeded  his  father  as  third  Baro- 
net Feb.  19, 1 794.  In  1803  he  entered  the 
Royal  Naval  Academy  ;  and  on  the  11th 
Oct  1806,  he  embarked  as  midshipman  on 
board  the  Montagu  74,  Captain  Robert 
Waller  Otway,  with  whom,  on  proceeding 
to  the  Mediterranean,  he  assisted  at  Uie 
evacuation  of  Scylla,  under  a  smart  fire 
ft'om  the  enemy  on  the  Calabrian  shore, 
and  was  afterwards  actively  employed  in 
co-operating  with  the  patriots  on  the  coast 
of  Catalonia,  where  he  witnessed  the  cap- 
ture of  the  fortress  of  Rosas.  He  after- 
wards served  in  the  Malta  80,  the  Isis  50, 
Antelope  50,  and  Ajax  74.  He  was  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant  Nov.  3, 
1809  ;  was  then  appointed  to  the  Jason 
frigate;  in  1811  to  the  Tort  Mabon  ;  and 
in  Feb.  1813,  to  the  Junon.  In  the  last  he 
took  part  in  many  warm  encounters  with  the 
American  enemy,  particularly  on  the  20th 
of  the  following  June,  when  he  contri- 
buted, in  company  with  tho  Narcissus  and 
Barrosa  frigates,  to  the  complete  discomfi- 
ture, at  the  entrance  of  Norfolk  river,  of 
fifteen  gun-boats  that  bad  been  dispatched 
for  the  express  purpose  of  capturing  the 
Junon,  after  an  action  of  three  hours, 
during  which  the  latter  had  two  men 
killed  and  three  wounded.  He  was  pro- 
moted May  S26,  1814,  to  the  command  of 
the  Ardent  prison-ship  at  Bermuda ;  and 
since  May  16,  1816,  when  that  vessel  was 
placed  out  of  commission,  he  has  been 
unemployed. 

Sir  William  Burnaby  married  May  9, 
1818,  the  widow  of  Joseph  Wood,  esq.  of 
Bermuda,  but  had  no  children. 

He  is  succeeded  by  his  cousin  William 
Edward  Burnaby,  esq.  grandson  of  the 
first  Baronet  by  his  second  wife.  He  mar* 
lied  in  1845  the  third  daughter  of  the  late 


Sir  Gsoros  Ralph  FvnsiJtnstos,  Br. 

Lately,  In  his  70th  year.  Sir  Oeone^ 
Ralph  Fetherston,  the  third  Baronet  (177fl)» 
of  Ardagh  House,  co.  Longfbrd,  M  Depntf 
Lieutenant  of  that  county. 

He  was  born  in  Dublin,  Jane  4,  1784, 
the  son  and  heir  of  Sir  Ralph  the  ■econd 
Baronet,  by  Elixabeth,  daughter  of  Oeoi|^ 
Boleyn  Whitney,  esq.  of  New  Pmm^  co. 
Westmeath.      He   succeeded   Wa    fither 

July  19,  1817. 

He  married  Oct.  23,  18«1,  Franoes- 
Elizabeth,  eldest  daughter  of  Richard 
Solly,  esq.  of  York -place,  Fortmmn-aqnafe, 
but  by  that  lady,  who  died  in  1840,  he 
had  no  issue. 

The  title  devolves  on  bis  next  hroiher, 
BOW  Sir  Thomas  Fetherston.  He  has  hee* 
twice  married,  and  has  had  i«me  by  hoCh 
wires. 


Capt.  Sir  Hknrt  Onslow,  Baat. 

Sept,  13.  At  Brighton,  in  his  TOOk 
year.  Sir  Henry  Onslow,  the  second  Ba- 
ronet, of  Altham,  co.  Lane.  (1797),  Cap- 
tain on  the  half-pay  of  the  Royal  Artillery. 

He  was  the  second  but  eldest  surririnf 
son  of  Admiral  Sir  Richard  Onslow,  KJBL 
the  first  Baronet  (descended  from  a  brother 
of  the  first  Lord  Onslow),  by  Anne,  dan^ 
ter  of  Matthew  Mitchell,  esq.  of  Chilteme, 
Wilts,  a  Commodore  R.N. 

He  entered  the  Royal  Artillery  in  Dee. 
1778,  became  First  Lieutenant  in  Dec 
1800  ;  was  promoted  to  Captain  in  1806; 
and  placed  on  half-pay  in  June  1819. 

He  succeeded  to  the  Baronetcy  on  the 
death  of  his  father,  Dec.  27,  1817. 

He  married,  Feb,  7.  1807,  Caroline, 
daughter  of  the  late  John  Bond,  esq.  of 
Mitcham  in  Surrey,  and  by  that  lady  he 
had  issue  five  sons  and  three  daughters  i 
1.  Caroline;  2.  Sir  Henry,  his  successor; 
3.  Matthew-Richard,  of  the  East  India 
Company's  service ;  he  married  in  1837 
Eliza,  daughter  of  Lieut.-Col.  Wallace,  of 
the  53d  Bengal  Native  Infantry ;  4.  Tho- 
mas, of  the  East  India  Company's  Civil 
service ;  r>.  Arthur- Walton,  of  tho  East 
ladia  Company's  Marine  serrice ;  he  mar- 
ried in  1847  Isabella,  third  daughter  of 
John  Penrice,  esq.  of  WUton  House,  Nor- 
folk, and  has  issue ;  6.  Anne-Eliza,  mar- 
ried in  1839  to  Lieut.-Col.  Henry  Edward 
Doherty.  C.B.  of  the  14lh  Lijjht  Dragoons; 
7.  Richard-Cranlcy,  ofthe  91st  Foot,  who 
is  deceased  ;  and,  8.  Frances- Anne,  mar- 
ried in  1838  to  John  Denoistoun,  esq. 

The  present  Baronet  was  born  m  1809, 
and  married  in  1848  Ellen  Petre.  " 
daughter  of  the  late  Samuel  P 
Porthcothsn,  Cornwall,  and  i 


1853.]     Sir  S.  mekUthmit. 


prcaenl  Dceble  PeCre  Hobljo,  eiq.  c 
t|Uite.  He  wM  fonnerlj  ■  Captua 
lotb  Foot. 


SUS.  B.  PBCEHIH  MlCKLKTUn-J 

3*pt.  2.  M  Iridge  PlicB,  Hunt  Cireea, 
BuMU,  lied  C7,  Sir  Bathertao  Braathwajt 
Faokbam  Miolilctbwiii,  Bait.  ■  juttica 
of  (ha  peacD  lud   depuCf   lieutenant   of 

Ua  nu  bom  on  tlia  30lb  Ma;.  1780, 
tlie  younger  ion  of  NatbaDJclMicklethnait, 
asq.  of  Beetton,  in  Norfolk,  bf  Garah, 
daughter  and  lieir  of  Miltu  Braathwajl, 
ew).  of  Tarerham,  in  Ibe  eanie  connl;  ;  by 
Mary  Sotbsiton,  great-great- gtanddaugli- 
ter  and  bdr  of  Sir  Aagoilina  Solhf  rton, 
ot  Taverhun.  Hia  elder  brother,  Natha- 
niel Micklethoait,  eiq.  aovi  of  Beeatoo 
Halt,  ia  brother- in -lav  In  the  Earl  of 
9  trail  broke. 

Mr,  Sotlierton  Mieklethwail  vat  sodid 
lioie  a  Captain  in  the  3d  Dragoon  Guarda. 
He  aaiutncd  the  saraaine  of  Peckbani 
bafsro  hit  own,  and  Ibe  armi  of  Peckbaiii 
quarttrljF  bf  rojal  lign- manual  in  tlie  fear 
IH34.  in  coBuneinoratioo  of  bii  deicent 
froiD  th*  familf  of  Peokham  of  Iridge, 
Uicaugh  Ilia  patarnal  grandinothir,  Elita- 
b«th,  daughter  and  heir  of  William  Pack- 
bin,  ciq.  of  that  place. 

He  waa  ertaled  •  BaronM  on  tlie  'iTch 
Jalf ,  iH.ltl,  for  a  paraooal  lerrice  rendered 
to  liar  Majealy  and  the  Dncheu  of  Kent, 
at  SL  Laoiiard'*,  In  Nov.  1832. 

He  wrved  the  office  of  High  ShetlfT  of 
SuiisKin  18-IH.  inIS32hB<>aiappoiaUd 
a  Uepuljr  lieutenaat  of  thai  coanl;,  of 
which  ba  bad  been  a  magiitrata  (ram  the 
lear  ItO-J. 

He  Riairitd.  Jaljr  20,  1809.  Anne,  only 
daughter  of  William  Hanbury,  etq.  of 
Kalmarali,  ro.  Norlbaoiptoai  and  sister  to 
the  preaeat  Lord  Batsnian  i  but  by  that 
lady,  irho  •Driiirea  bin,  he  liad  no  iaaue. 
Tba  Baronetoy  ii  conseqiteaily  •iilncL 


Hdb.  Sia  JAUia  Stuart.  Bh*i. 

Jvlg  Itl.  At  Quebec,  aged  ;3.  tba  Hun. 
Sir  James  Stuart,  Bart.  Chief  Joaljee  of 
Lower  Canada,  and  D.C.I.. 

He  was  the  third  too  iit  the  Rer.  Jobll 
Sloait,  l>.D.  Bwlur  of  KlDgsliin  in  Ca- 
nada, and  offloial  to  the  Bishop  of  Quebec, 
by  the  dasahlei  of  George  U'Kill.  esq.  uf 
PblladripbU. 

He  wai  estated  a  Baronet  by  jialeBt 
dated  In  IIIO, 

H«  narried  is  IBIH  a  daughter  of  Aiai- 

■nder  Robertaao.  eiq.  of  Moutreai,  aod 

waa  left  a  vidawer  in  1H<9.     He  la  auO' 

~— 'wlln  ibeBaronetcy  by  hiaion  Charlea- 

•ffco  was  bwB  in  1624. 


nd  Sword,  aiil] 
il  of  tba  04»1 


Lia<iT.-Q*H.  SiK  WiLi-iiK  WaHRk. 

Jutf  26.   At  York,  aged  E9,J.ieulenBiit> 
General  Sir  William  Warre,   " 
C.B.  Knigbt  of  the  Tovcr  and  S 
of  St.  Dento  d'Avls,  Colonel  o' 
Fool.  ,  ■ 

He  was  the  son  of  Jamea  Warre,  e>i|.  ^ifl 
Gearge-slreet,  Hanoier-aqnare,    and   <|r 
tered  llie  army  in  No(.  1803  as  Eutiga  S 
tbc   53d   RegimeDl,  vhioh  bo  joined  (^ 
Hytbc  barracks.     He  purcbued  a  lioj 
tenancy  in  tba  folloning  Jane,  and  ) 
leOG  a  company  in  the  !)Bth,  fron)  wilUi, 
be  etcbanged  in  the  rollowiag  August  t( 
the  23d  Light  Dragoons.     He  joined  tU 
latter  coq>s  at  Clonmell,  and  aaried  «i|| 
it  until  the  summer  of  180T,  when  he  <*a%V 
appointed  d  ttudeut  at  the  Buyal  Militiid'9 
College.    In  May  leoH  he  was  apuoinl^a 
Aide-de-Cainp  to  Lieat,-Oeneral  tilr  Sf~ 
uald  C.  FerguBOQ,  then  cuoiniauding  a^ 
expedition  about  to  sail  from  Cork,     0^1 
Uuded  in  Portugal  in  Julyi  and  was  BfliM 
cent  in  the  actions  of  Roleia  and  VimuMrV 
Hc«uaf<rrward9atUrh«l(0thc  staff^     I 
Lord    Btreaford,    and    served   lilU    bin 
during  Ibi^  nhole  of  (he  campaign,  whieli 
ended  in  ibe  battle  of  Corunna. 

When    Lord  Bsrelford   accepted    the 
chief  command  of  tba  irniy  of  Portuf^  ■ 
March  I,  IS09,  he  appointed  tbis  oajoar  ~ 

Major  iu  the  Portuguese  aervica  lod  h 
tint  Aide-de-camp,  in  vhicb  situation  t\ 
continued  until  1813,  during  which  ti 
be  was  promoted  tu  the  rank  of  M^orj 
tlie  BritMb  aervict,  by  brevat.  May  9 
latl,  and  UcuC-Colunal  in  the  Port) 

Sitae  terriM  on  the  3d  July  followl 
a  VM  present  BE  the  crossing  of  II 
Dauro,  wilb  Mombal  Berosford'a  oorpaS 
Lanego,  anil  wai  afterwirds  employed  S^ 
bim  in  dealrojing  (he  bridges  ui  tL 
of  tba  French  army  retiring  from 
This  arduous  service  be  in  a  great  m 
Bccaajpliabed,  natKilhatiuding  the  oppo  _ 
tion  at  a  timid  and  refractory  peasaiiifi^  J 
and  in  conaaqiMnoe  the  Duke  of  Waliiw  ~ 
ton  waa  enabled  to  oiertaka  (be  rear  of ' 
French  arniy  at  Salauioude,  where  I 
abandoned  (ha  ruaiuindcr  uf  their  g 
and  baggage. 

Paring  the  retreat  of  our  army  to 
lines  or  Torres  Vadru,  in  Sept.   'SlOtl 
rbeuinatic  feier  (oiced  Klajor  Watre  ^ 
quit  the  aimy,  and  soon  after  to  re 
Englaud ;  but  he   lejoined  tbc  Mar! 
few  days  aftar  the  battle  of  Albuara,  I 
waa  present  stilie  si^e  of  Badajuein  " 
Ull.  al  the  ttormiDg  of  Ciudad  Ho 
the  second  siege  of  Badaios,  the  battle  ^ 
Salamanca,  and  many  other  minor  offaic 
On  MarihnI  Bereaford's  bains  won    '  ' 
Saiamsnca.  Lieut. -Cuba el  Warn 
panitnl  him  Iu  Lisbon  ;  and  by  his  adsh 
be  then  acoepled  Ibe  lilMliion  uf  DepnH 


•     ^.*is- 


T     -  i- 
V 


IjS     Z^i 


—     1 1  -r 


•     ■"! 


~r-     T     : 


-^    ^X 


T     __*■. 


^1  ^ 

r 


-  •  ■       » 


-■^    T-J    1 


I  ■   ^ 


•    ..-     - 


■f   .     1- 


>- .  -'      -T 


t- ■—        »     -:    .-'     u-r-' 


i.i*jr.  -r  ^-     * 


1853.] 


Obiti 


hRy.—Mr.  Adolphui  Aahei 


Mr.  Cuff  htd  been  for  >bout  fortj-ciglit 
yeari  in  tbe  Bmli  or  EngUod,  ami  for  ibc 
iut  t«ent]r-dgbt  in  the  Ballion  Office. 
He  li»  bnn  ioDg  known  nl  n  collector  of 
coins,  and  hii  collei-lioa  of  Saioii  ig  tup- 
pond  lo  be  one  of  (he  muat  cboice  sod 
exleuiiio  in  the  kingdotn,  conMininff  Mme 
thit  irc  bclicTcd  to  be  unique  ■peciniFiii, 
M  nt  iDme  of  tlie  undent  Hritiih.  Tbe 
coin*  from  (he  Conquot  »re  reputed  lo 
be  of  tbe  (irit  order  ;  so  also  u  to  the 
ScDtcb  end  Iriah,  Among  Ibe  more  mre 
and  iBlumble  pieces  in  tbe  collection  may 
be  ipeeified  thai  fXien  by  Charlee  the 
Fiht  to  Joxon  when  ou  the  gcaffold,  Ibe 
oclebtiled  Pelilion  and  Reddite  eronnt, 
theerownof  UenryVIU.  &c.  The  whole 
MUection  nil)  probably  be  (hortly  dii- 
poicd  of  by  auction. 

Mr.    Cuff    baa   left   ■   widaw,    but    no       Mr. 
family.     Mr>.  Cuff  u  a  daogliter  of  Mr. 
BarlboloiDeir    Barry,    for    many    yeart   a 
proiperooB  bookieller  ut  Briital,  who   It 
•till  lliiiig  at  the  Tery  adTant-cd  age  of  B6. 

Uii  father,  gnmdfather,  and  grrat-grand- 
fathtr  lucccMiTely  held  tl>e  rectory  of 
Upton  Scudtmore  near  Wanniniter,  lo 
nbich  tbe  fint  in  order  iraa  preaented  by 
tbe  celebrated  Sir  Stephen  Fox,  the  an. 
ontor  of  Ihe  aobla  familiea  of  Ilchealer 
and  Holland. 

Among  thote  who  acoompanied  the 
relation)  of  Mr-  Cuff  lo  the  cemetery  at 
Norwood  were  tome  choun  intimatei  of 
from  forty  lo  fifty  yean*  itanding.  on 
whom  the  ueue  before  Ibem  coald  not 
bil  to  itrike  tlie  lolemn  warniog  that  yet 
a  little  while  and'their  turn  mut  come — 
moat  certainly  on  him  whote  hand  i> 
peon* 


533 

beyond  all  coropsriioa  Ihe  beat  oitiMl 
oppai^CuB  of  illaiCratiiG  diuertatioDs;  foi 
gome  of  which,  howeier,  tbe  editor  m 
indebted  to  hi*  learned  Itienda.  It  wl 
be  ■  ioutce  of  mncb  regret  to  the  atudeal 
of  mcdiKTsI  geography  that  tbe  work  n 
main*  Incomplete,  from  Ihe  Dun-publici 
tion  of  the  third  Tolume;  for  the  prep»^  I 
ration  of  which  Mr,  Aiher't  a>ccatian|  | 
did  not  allow  him  lulRcieat  leiinre. 
other  poblicntiuni — one  on  the  )tt  of  ( 
Voyogpt  published  by  Letinui  UdIubI 
and  tbe  other  on  the  callectiie  editlani  H 
the  early  yttoriuu  of  Germany — i 
leu  bulk  and  le»  iuiportance,  but  et 
infortnalion  valuable  to  bihUographt 
the  «ubjecta  to  nbich  they  refer.  All 
three  of  theie  vorki,  thnugh  publiiihed  U 
Germinj,  aod  wiillen  by  a  UerroBD  (fq 


'enf  S 


:tin),  a, 


ptrbapi,  few  kne 
manner  in  which 
filled  the ' 


better  the  eiemplary 
I  departed  friend  Ful- 
la  dutie*  of  hii  poiitiou  in 
e  eipecially  ai  regirdi  tbe 
dearer  tic*  of  ton,  and  brother,  and  hui. 
band.  Few  were  pokteucd  with  a  more 
ot  the  conitaol  unanimity  of 
iihc*  in  plana  and  pnnuii*  of 


wife — now  the  lone 


Vilb.nt 

Ihe  bual 

and  afitcted  widow- 

Proridence  ordaina)  time  and  reai^nation, 

and  grttefnl recollection*,  will  briiigrelief, 

though  meffectual  to  eSiice  the  inprcaaioa 

of  her  loai.  C.  R. 


Mb.  Adolpbdb  AaHBK. 

Oel.  i.  At  Venice,  m  bia  S3d  yew.  Mr. 
Adolphna  Aaher,  buukKller.  oF  Berlin. 

Mr.  A  jif  r  was  not  only  a  German  bock- 
•eller.  he  ***  alao  an  Knglitb  author. 
till  edition  of  (he  TraitU  of  Benjauilu  ol 
Tndela,  puhliihed  la  1840,  la  prafrrable  to 
all  other*,  oi  contaiaiog  the  beat  reading  nf 
Ibe  Hebrew  teit,  the  beat 


tbe  Engliab  language;  fornhichlangnoga  1 
be  bad  a  temarkaMe  partiality,  makiq#  1 
uae  of  it  irhene'ter  it  wa*  practicable,  botS 
in  writing  and  in  ipeaklnK.  Mr.  AtlM^  I 
bad  ipenl  l^Te  yean  of  hia  early  life  IB  '] 
EngUud— from  1820  to  182!;  and  cw-  J 
ried  away  with  him  >□  nobounded  an  aA*  J 
miration  of  the  country,  that  ho  oftaA  ] 
eipoaed  bimtelf  on  that 
raillery  not  only  oF  hit  continenlal,  but 
eteii  oF  hia  Engliih  friends. 

Wben  in  England,  Mr.  Aiher  wt*  ht 
some  time  occupied  at  a  clerk  at  Roth- 
schild'i.       II.-   afterwards   eel   op   at  St 
Petenhnrgh,  in  the  diamond  trade  ;  ani 
it  wag  only  by  an  accidental  apecniatioa  Ul  J 
which  hewaaengaged  atoneof  tbe  Leipile  J 
ftjra  in  Mil  that  big  iltentiou  via  lunwl  1 
to  book  wiling.     Intothii  heioon  plungell   \ 
with  the  eigrrncH  that   belonged  10  Ul  J 
temper  ;  and  to  it  he  remained  cnnatantly    ] 
attached.  Ihough  conicioua  that  bil  gaiu 
would   haie  b«n  both  greater  and  eatJcf    ' 
in  other  brancbe*  oFcammeice.     He  wU 
canyiag  on  an  extenaiie  bookaelling  buiti  , 
neaain  Itiutlu.  wiien.  in  1830,  an  Imperil' 
nkaie.    im]Ki>ing    freih    reslrictioni   i 
bardabipa   un  the  Jewirb  community, 
whieb  be  wa«  a  member,  compelled  hit 
break  up  hi*  e'tabliabmeot  and  qait 
country  ;  and  lie  finally  teitled  in  Beiliflf 
At   the  time  of   the    popularity    of      . 
Engltib  Annaala.  be  tptculaled  lirgely|| 
in  traducing    then    iaiu     Germany     i 
Suaaia  ;  and  it   i>   taid  that  in  1833 
purcbajied  from  Ihe  late  Y 
tolnmei  of  them   in  one  Urf.     Of  coi 
tfaia  braocb  of  trnffic  ditipurared  *i 
annn^ili  themaelvet;  but  Mr.  Aiher 
seeded   !d  eatablisbing  at  Berlin  i 
Dent   Engliih  boaineai  of  a   mi 
otBDtial  kind,  wilbonl  a  paivllel 

One  naiu  anpport  of  Mr.  Asher'! 
neral   trade  waa,  bia  oonnedion  with 


ra] 


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*  •' 


1853.] 


Obi 


pet'iod  thece  wm  a  Dmid  Ernst  Jablant Li, 
ft  ■tudenl  It  Oxford,  nLo  gained  grfat 
reputalinn  thrre,  and  wbo  nf»t  tbence 
ncUarmsd  [oeieoutehis  Chrislinn  miuioD 
ia  PruHM  «Dd  In  Polind.  Dr.  Jablooiki 
«B«  aupcriDtcDdml  of  the  ProtesUnt 
Choroh  in  Poland  at  ■  lerj  critical  ([me. 
The  hoj>e9  of  the  membera  of  tint  CimrcU 
nn  hfgh  at  Ilia  acaemloii  of  Staniilaus 
Leizczfnikl.nhaDnitedwilhCliarleaXII. 
ia  aeCDring  tlie  religious  liberljr  n(  llie 
Polisli  ProCeitantB.  Ilat  the  Hwaa  of  the 
hload;  daj  at  Pollowa  deitro^ed  Ibe  welt- 
erounded  bopea  that  bad  been  talaed  !  aitd 
it  waa  bf  Ibe  ioterfereQce  of  Ruiala  the 
PoHsb  Chnrcb  of  the  RefonnaliDti  waa 
craellj  fettered  and  all  bUl  aniiihUated. 
TbeSfDoda  at  Jeodrjchow  in  1710,  and 
■t  Thorn  la  1713,  ttruggltd  nobly  under 
the  ditcelion  of  Jablonski  to  preicrre  the 
rlghta  once  gnaranteed  and  now  lo  baiely 
abolished.  But  ill  irgE  lueleae,  and  the 
korning  and  the  courage  of  Jablanski  were 
eapendcd  in  yain.  Tlie  treaty  of  WariaW 
in  i:i(i  sealed  the  fate  of  Polish  Pro- 
teatantliin  ;  but  the  name  of  its  champion 
ia  not  |et  forgotten  la  the  h«arti  of  the 
reformed. 

With  tbit  reapeoted  name  onr  men 
Cf clalailical  biatory  fa  ilao  cloaely  wotcd. 
There  nas  one  object  dear  to  Jablonalii — be 
was  desiroiu  to  bars  introdoewl  the  Engtlnh 
Liturgy  and  Cbnrch  lyitem  tbrougbont 
Europe,  and  tbereby  lo  have  eatablisbed 
one  united  Proteatant  Charch.  The  tirat 
King  of  PruBiia,  Frederick,  to  whom  Ja- 
blonakl  was  first  chaplain,  sanctioned  the 
scheme  propoecd.  which  failed,  howerer, 
from  thelnkewannnoaaofTilloiaon,  Areb- 
biihop  of  Canterbury.  The  ardent  chap* 
lain  <vu,  oenrtJieleas,  nothing  daonted. 
He  reriaed  bis  project  for  the  eeolemaatlCTil 
reformaiion  of  public  wonliip  and  Church 
goTernment  and  for  the  establishnuit  of 
episcopacy  in  Pruaaia,  and  he  again  applied 
to  the  IteTereigna  of  Pnta^ia  and  Englond. 
Frederick  tool;  up  the  nuttier  wumlf  i 
and,  ai  a  lint  step  for  the  promotion  of 
anion,  protided  •  fund  for  the  edaoatloa 
of  Proaiian  students  in  Oifard  UnlTcrally. 
QNMn  Anno  considered  the  system  with 
eqnal  faroDr ;  and,  al  (ha  reeomiBandA- 
fioo  of  Dr.  Sharp,  Anftbiifaop  of  York, 
■be  inalruoted  Lard  Raby,  our  Hlnister 
at  Berlin,  to  itDila  cordlaUj  «ilh  Von 
Pritiiicn,  the  PrusaiaD  Ecelesiutte*!  Mf- 
ntsfer,  in  carrying  oat  tha  project  to  a 
praetioai  realttdlloii.  All  would  bate  gone 
well ;  but,  anCxitmately,  those  in  high 
plaotB  becuma  tuo  moeh  engaged  in  selflab 
yHEtaUa  lo  aeronpliA  wh«  bad  been  >a 
Vril  cinomeneed  for  Ibon,  and  the  treaty 
'if  trtrecht  did  nothing  for  those  etpee- 
CbtlttUna  who  from  It  had  expected 


eon  Jabloniki.  58i 

everylbing.     Aa  the  nnlhor  of  Ifaia  well 
detlsed  project,  Ibe  nomeofJablongkiwIL    , 
be  lield  in  gratefnl  esteem  fay  thoae  wU 
still  cherish  with  hope  and  affection  U  ' 
Idea  of  one  united  brotherhood  of  the  fa 
lower*  of  the  Reformation. 

Th**e  (natters  have  been  recalled  toat_ 
memory  bja  record  in  the  obituary  of  ffat  1 
daily  papers,  wherein  Ibe  name  uf  J*b>  T 
lonskf  will  unfortunately  be  found.  TB^  I 
bearer  of  that  name  waa  a  nallye  of  Strsill  | 
kow  in  Folnnd,  and  early  In  life  aotered  at 
n  military  career.  Hii  firit  actlre  serrlBt 
was  in  the  moat  glorious  of  caaaes— tU  J 
liberation  of  Poland;  and  sheo,  after  auAJ 
a  ilruggle  oa  the  world  hod  nerer  leCl^  ] 
the  Polish  army  of  liberty  wu  at  laat  d^  1 
feated,  bat  not  humiliated.  Captain  Jab-  I 
ioDiki,  at  the  head  of  n  number  of  bil  1 
gallant  comrades,  crossed  the  frontier  witk  1 
arms  and  baggage,  and  passed  on  thdi  I 
mournful  yet  glorious  march,  receiiing  tv  t 
spectral  homage  by  the  way.nntilanasylaai  I 
was  honaornblj  affonled  them  at  D^on,  U  j 
Fiance.  But  au  inactiie  life,  or  one  wbicfa 
be  was  enabled  to  support  only  by  eitra* 
neous  aid,  wai  anlted  neither  to  the  ioelU 
nations  nor  Ibe  piinciples  of  ibia  noblt  l 
genllemao.  He  accordingly  quilted  Frana*  J 
and  repaired  to  Edinbargfa,  where  he  wU  [ 
for  Some  lime  usefully  and  honourablf'  J 
engaged  in  tuition.  Subaequently  U  1 
foBnd  >  wider  and  a  more  profitable  Geld  1 
iu  London,  and  there  be  ultimately  b«<  f 
come  conneotcd  with  a  conimeroiai  boufe^  I 
where  the  merchaDt  heightened  the  goot  1 
repatation  that  bad  been  won  hj  Ibf  I 
soldier  and  the  professor.  It  was  whil*  I 
be  was  among  ds  that  be  adorned  oM  I 
literature  with  n  beaatifnl  tranalstioa  of  i 
the  well-known  Paliiih  poem,  "CoorMl 
WaUenrod."  Like  all  the  Sclataaian%  .  I 
Leon   Jsblonskl  etpressed    bimaelf  witk   I 

Eraoeful  facility  in  foreign  tongues  i  aal .  I 
e  wrote  English  with  ■  perfection  whkA   J 
is  not  always  attained  eien  by  natiie*.  T 
The  traosliiion  which  we  baie  named,  fat 
instaace,  baa  beenthongbt  worthy  uf  being 
reprinted    in   Frinee,   where   it    has   ap- 
peared wilb    the    original   poem  and  a 
French  translation,  in  an  edition  lemaTk- 
able  for  the  iplendoar  of  itj  typical,  illne- 
tratitr,  and  exirraal  details. 

The  (ailore  of  (he  cause  lo  which  lie 
had  defoled  the  sword  and  the  atrength 
of  bis  youth — Ibe  effects  on  his  consttta- 
iloo   of  the  toils  bo  bad   undergone  M   1 
sernre    that  cause's  triumph,   with   lb*  J 
■mieiies  of  id  elite — borne,  in  iia  com-  f 
paratire  bomility.  with   a  dignWed  mt  4 
almoet  cheerful    retlgnatioti  —  added  to    I 
DiBch   oier- application   paid  in   prodigil 
disregard  of  health  wiien  duty  obliged^ — 
combined  to  ahorUD  a  Ufe  which,  oi  long 


>!*^ 


rf  I 


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Jalf-ll 


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le  law  W .  J.  UUhH  B«U 


M  Custirlilge,   igttl    U.  110117 
H.  H.ltca.  (IRtlJ.  USjL  (IHUKUIe 


Bava^gdBi 

UlKlo 

'ii^TS'^^^s:^ 

X.'  (!««.) 

IiyMi.llnrSmilhW 

Ih.  MRd  ID. 

Htorr.UiMHD 

or  tho  Berr.  J.  R.  Kedbnd.  Vhai 

ofThuroby 

SlmwhIon.co.LBIc 

JVoirll. 

LncUuHl.  Now  Zu 

md,  brth. 

UIMIUOIO 

hill. 

«l.w<da9,Ll<n>l. 

CLHulci- 

IdUD.  B.E 

ag.  eliIeK  Hn  of  Opt. 

ILB.ofBed 

fcnl. 

liinrUi  wn  DC  tb 

UM*^,  Wto.  O.^then,  D.D.' 

Roclor  Qf  Sbike  CIlnulBil.  Coni-^ 

Jfa»M. 

DW 

(  Hobart  Hut.  esq.  of  frladi- 

1  BoD^  LIgbl  lohotrj. 

Uihia,  lutd  19,  Hiooiu-Fnnda. 

on  D^  Itae  Rav.E.  Pome,  orAlbsMDU. 

Nnjcir  WllllHO  Kiuny  SHnnn,nn<l 

*  '-LiPoUtkal  Annl  ■>  BeuRj.aad 

...  jT  Hie  Ule  wauam  Blevul,  B*j.  of 

iPcrtluliln. 

LaUlf.    At  TUUnlq',  PatETMn,  In  Nbv  SanUi 

nuloa.  ued  M.  Charlotlo  HiirU,  Ibe  *>!(■   * 

Hirring  BonfhUM,  Mq.  J.F.  wiirdHi  uf  ih 

dv«iUitiic(c3FU«KKi,kc, 


JulfK. 


I(,  Cl»rta».Ailoliiiiii, 

Clprtuil  PvHar,  uq.  o(  DakDr-ii,  J*Drtai«D-flq. 
JfliUilpiiiu  ol  Cba  Qlorlov. 

/mm  10.  At  TddeIh.  Bumuli,  ■Atd^4,  JmoM 
BtmUtoo  Bowm,  Cinil.  lu  Hodnu  FmUlsn, 
Ibartb  UD  of  Uu  Rot.  Edmrd  DmnB,  Bactor  ol 
TUnghliOTin,  ea.  LKuufal. 

Jvu  W.  After  ■  Img  Olnat.  oehI  78,  Binj 
Cimi,  an.  of  StUliugim  Ball,  YocluhlrD,  ■  dc- 
putj-UmuuDt  ua  iniigMnif  et  tbu  aninty. 

■Bd  biir  or  Stoilwi  Crnft,  an-  at  the  «■»  glue, 
wlw  ^wl  la  IBU.  br  Tnncet  CkMrke,  of  AObui 
B17U.  He  bbitM,  Judo  10,  l«n,  l^UulwUi, 
OBCond  dw^ler  tt  WUUnrn  Qurinn,  ma.  ot 
j^larCHt>*,Blint*bln,ud  bidLsvotrOKint, 
iunj  ud  ScaiiuBi  ud  m  diaghton,  EUu- 
Mb-CollMrinB  ud  LsnlB-Fnncei. 

AtABtlgn,^«d  U,WUUiiitiB7iai,«H.H,A. 
bvrtidBr-M-liw,  Mcsad  no  «C  Utg  Hon.  WliUun 
Binm,  PrMtdini  of  Her  IbJaUr'*  CoDBcU.ud  ilifl 
nproHaMni*  of  Oiw  of  Uw  aldtirt  AnMgu  Omi- 
llo.  He  wu  mtarod  M  ttas  Innar  l^Bpla  fn  l«tS, 
uduUsd  totlMbwiDltM!  and  gndulul  - 
Cuobridge,  ua  membti  ot  THnlD 
1M9,ltX  l««.  B*  had  anaOr 
Engtud,  to  leetla  bi  hi*  aatlTB  Uwh,  m  , 
Un,  unl  Ilia  arlj'  liw  liii  odtod  a  Eonnl 
luttofrtgnL 

/Kiu  ...  Al»a,ag«dU,  UenLJohn  !>■  Caoa. 
60»h  lloril  [Ul»,  ion  or  the  la"  "—  "-  " — 
R.N.  and  trnthH  to  Charba 
Uiuled  Park.  Us  laUcd  ban 
Ca|w  TvwD.  llnd  Jane,  In  a 
EV^Io,  iBleiidloc  to  taks 
thence  to  Eofland,  and  ii  MippoteiL 
Ml,  iKllh^rnl  board.  Id  a  tree 
■WUr  altK  laarlKf  Eaii  London,  iw  wan  a 
jaoK  OIBHr  of  fTHt  prmnlie.  having  been  nun- 
(doDid  In  larma  ol  (be  hlohnl  praite  In  (ha  laat 
dcebBtdi  of  ^Ir  Uany  Smith,  for  Ul  gallantry  In 
fDDght  ag*liii(  the  Kaillra  hi  Ui«  Waler- 

-OdL  Omrge  Wil- 


Cannarthenfjilrfl. 


Id  gi^aalad  ■(      Fnuica 
VC«<>Wt.B.A.         »ift 


"  1',  LtooL-Colooal 
.  «Mh  Reg(.  nn 
Miditletao  llaD, 

jtmj,  ti.  At  mu,  uaiBH  Pjriatm,  aoed  U, 
Fuiny.  oUbof  W.  C,  p.  OTiut,«q.  K.N.  eUM 
dan.  of  Ibjor  W.  F.  Steer,  Bcngd  Armr. 

^W.  M.    EUul.eth.lIi>nft.GarTai<:hae],  irA  of 

Mqngo,  DmnfrlHililn. 

Jap.  ^L    A(  PclMne,  Snir.  PhlUp  Djkei,  saq. 

Stpt.  1 .  In  Upper  Canada,  ngcd  N,  Jane,  wile 
of  Col.  Light,  o(  Lytet  Cute,  near  WooAHock. 

S^,3.    AtBeiiHce,Bgi!d»l,  Wm.Ooil.aaq. 

A^.t.  At  IilIngtMI.  agM  19,  Xn.  Sanh 
Fnuicia  TBikfaigtan. 

" '"  "' uBprtanil,  agediil.Uarji- 

Qrown.  caq.  •nrgeon. 
',  agsd  (].  [(Kbard  Uaita, 


lelala  Cipl.  UuCane, 


tt  naTeac«,Lelllla-£lliabBUi,  ( 

•  STlroilei  Costly,  eaq. 

^I  Chllcota,  Der^ln,  aged  ca,  Bobori  Wright 

U  Wlabech.Ur.  (terge  Wardale,  IDnncilr  a 


iL  Fttrtman-v].  Harr,  ralkt 


lliofttaL 

MfK,  AlBeuna.UcBI.I'HacIa  Wallace,  «r 
Dm  Eail  balta  Conpanr'a  Inralld  Ettab.  fDorlb 
aad  Uil  mmiBa  m  of  John  Wallace,  og.  (Br- 
mwly  of  Ihl  Xadiai  CirQ  Servke. 

j^-      ■     -  .. 

*^; ,„„,«, 

•  "Wis. — . 

ad,ca).  HcrUaJai;' 


of  Ihe  cDrporatkm  ap 

aepl.  I.  In  Orchanl-it. . 
of  llie  lale  Hjmau  ColUni, 

In  cnapIoii.aq.  Hackney,  •««  n,,  nuim.  nuu. 
of  Oeorgc  £>oaiLD.awt. 

At  Uillam,  near  rontaftKt.  aifed  ^,  Joacph 
fElngroae,  eiq. 

At  Bait  Dnlvlcli.  agal  18.  Sarah.  eU 
(he  Rn.  G«orgo  Uognri,  a(  PwkbaiB. 

Janila  Chapman  K ~' 

fismcrlr  ot  the  Mh . 

At  Abhepnic.  CO.  Sllin,  Ibe  naUanea  01 
■""■""■"*""""  ' '' 1  Flenung,  eaq. ogfld  tG,  J 


Al  Baegeon.  Llent.  John  FrederiEk 
•■  '1  <>(»«,  agsi)  »,  Frederic- 


588 


OBITUARt. 


[Not. 


Edward  Dnnthorne,  weQ  knoirn  for  his  tntiqna- 
rbm  and  arclucoloKical  attalnmentA. 

At  Cireat  Yormoath,  at  the  bouse  of  his  dau. 
Mm.  Hoy,  af^  73,  Gwnce  Gardiner,  esq.  of  Hon- 
ivrd-lodca,  near  Norwich. 

Bfpt.  1 0.  Janette-Mary,  the  wife  of  Henrr  Har- 
war,  e«q.  of  QneenVmad,  St  JohnVwood,  and 
second  dan.  of  the  late  Capt.  Camming,  of  Wind- 


At  Waliner,  ajred  66,  Gilbert  John  Kamey,  esq. 
JnsHre  of  the  peace  for  Kent. 

In  Kobert-street,  Regent's-parlc,  aged  64,  C.J. 
KeBniM,  esq. 

At  Alliion-st.  af^  53,  Joseph  Lawrence,  esq. 
H.E.I.G.S.  Tatereterinary  rarscon  to  the  Ooremor- 
General'i*  body  guard,  BengiJ. 

In  Conontmry,  aged  45,  Henry  Nicholson,  e!*q. 
of  FnmiTalVlnn. 

Aged  MO,  Henry  Mornc  Sampson,  osn.  fonncriy 
ffptain  of  an  East  Tndtaman,  and  a  freeman  of 
Doref. 

In  (Jrecn-st.  GroAvenor-wi.  aged  65,  Henry 
Bkrine,  e.«q,  of  StublHngs,  Berks,  and  Warlelgh, 
Somerset. 

Sf'pt.  1 1 .  Aged  '24,  Matilda  •  Annbella  -  Maria, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  U.  J.  Adeanc,  esq.  of  Babra- 
ham,  Cniuhridgcshire. 

At  01 J  Uuckenlioni,  aged  79,  John  Barlingham, 
esq. 

In  Umdon,  William  Callanane,  e.^.  of  Oporto. 

In  Great  Portland-st.  aged  78,  Elizabeth,  relict 
OfWilliainHadden.esq. 

Aged  7i,  Susannah,  wife  of  John  William  Hicks, 
esq.  of  Bath,  and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas 
Mills,  e«i.  of  Great  Saxham  Hall,  Suffolk. 

At  Brook  House,  Hartley  Row,  Hants,  Anne, 
widow  of  George  Nicholson,  esq.  formerly  of 
Hertford. 

At  Blaekheath,  aged  65,  John  Ramsliaw,  esq. 
late  of  H.  M.  Customs. 

At  St.  Germans,  Cornwall,  aged  67,  John  Tap- 
■OB,  «sq.  late  paymaster  and  purser  R.N. 

Bepf.  IS.  At  Hammemnftn,  aged  60,  Hannah, 
rdtetof  Major  James  Barnes,  of  Presteign,  Rad- 
Bcvsbire. 

Aged  53,  Mary,  wife  of  John  Hamp,  esq.  Orer- 
fleal,  Leicestershire. 

In  Middleton-sq.  aged  70,  Susan,  relict  of  the 
late  Jameson  Hmiter.esq.  formerly  of  Westboume- 
grove  West,  and  Malta. 

At  Sldmouth,  aged  21,  John,  son  of  the  Rev. 
WilUam  Jenkins,  Vicar  of  Sldmouth. 

At  Adamsdown,  near  CardifT,  aged  72,  Wbltlock 
Klcholl,  esq.  for  nearly  half  a  century  the  distri- 
butor of  stamps  for  the  oo.  of  Glamorgan,  a  magis- 
trate and  deputy  Hentenant  of  the  county.  He 
was  the  third  son  of  Edward  Nicholl,  esq.  of 
LlanWthlan,  co.  Glamorgan,  (fourth  son  of  Whit- 
lock  Nicholl,  esq.  of  The  Ham,  co.  Glamorgan)  by 
Catherine,  dati.  of  Jonathan  Thomas,  esq.  of 
Lantwit  Major.  He  married  in  1817  Miss  Yin- 
cent  of  London,  who  died  in  1^38,  leaving  issue 
three  sons,  of  whom  the  eldest  was  assassinated  at 
Maples  in  1848. 

At  St.  George's  parsonage,  Aahby-de-la-Zouch, 
aged  62,  Ruth,  widow  of  Thomas  Oxley,  esq.  MJ>. 
of  Askeme,  Yorkshiro. 

Georgo  Taylor,  esq.  of  Hammet-st.  Amerlca-sq. 

At  Down  Grange,  near  Bwlngitoke,  aged  75, 
Mrs.  Cassandra  Terry. 

At  his  residence,  Ilarewood-sq.  London,  aged  52, 
William  Tucker,  cs(|.  a  member  of  the  firm  of  F. 
Green  and  Co.  64,  Comhill. 

At  Twickenham,  aged  46,  Prances,  wife  of  Jolm 
Cnsson  Turner,  M.D. 

At  Henley-on-Tliames,  aged  82,  Lieut-Col. 
Frauds  Ralph  West,  formerly  of  the  33d  Begt. 

At  Fishguard,  aged  88,  Mary  Williams,  better 
known  as  Matty  Carham.  On  the  French  landing 
near  this  place  in  February,  1797,  she  was  mal- 
treat«d  by  one  of  the  soldiers,  being  then  fkr 
•imnced  in  pregnancy.  Her  case  was  represented 
^.the  late  Lord  Cawdor  (to  whom  the  French 
ttv^fMwrmdered,  UKmntinf  to  about  1400  men) 


to  his  Majesty  George  in.,  ^Pbogrmnted  bar  a  p«^ 
sion  by  sign-maaual  of  AOt.  per  annum,  wbadk  Ae 
has recdred  for  flfty-dxyeara. 

Sept.  13.  At  New  mntngdoB,  Mtfjf  ^^1^^  ^ 
Bartholomew  Churchill  Garter,  caq.  vf  Oitfbv- 
wdl-grore,  Surrey. 

At  Halifex,  aged  55,  Ward  Vymm  WMdn^m^. 

Aged  93,  Catherine,  wUow  of  Peler  Mil  llnaai, 

n  formerly  of  Norwich, 
t  Odiara,  Hants,  aged  96,  Lfliae-Jaae,  «M  of 
Mr.  Edward  Nicholl. 

At  Broughton-ln-Fume89,  LancMliire,  ag^d  57, 
Agnes,  wife  of  Robert  PotClethwnalt«,  eaq. 

By  the  upsetting  of  a  boat,  off  Eecle^BT'Cnf, 
Windermere,  two  cousins,— Ralph,  aged  tOToC  Tri- 
nity College,  Cambridge,  only  aon  or  Ralph  An- 
thony Thicknesse,  e^i.  of  Beech  HUl,  Itariber 
for  Wigan  ;  and  Thomas,  aged  19,  Lieut.  Id  Boyal 
Lancashire  Militia,  eldest  son  of  John  Woodcock, 
esq.  banker,  of  the  Elms,  Wigan. 

Agetl  G6,  John  Faithful  Fortevqae  Wrteht,  MB 
of  Lieut.  Jolm  Elworthy  Fortnnattui  Wrt^kt,  ILM. 
of  LevM  Castle,  Clieshire,  and  grandaon  of  the 
celebrated  (3apt.  Fortunatus  Wright.  He  wm 
great-great->;reat-grandson  of  John  Erelyn,  Ite 
well-known  accomplished  author  of  "  Sylira,*  Ik. 
of  Wotton,  Surrey,  and  nephew  of  the  late  Sir  John 
Erelyn,  Bart. 

Sept.  14.  At  Marton,  near  Bridlington,  aged 
80,  Everilda,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Ute  Ralph  Orvyka, 
esq.  of  Marton  and  RawclMfc,  Yorkahire. 

At  the  vicarage.  Barton  Stacey,  near  Wincfaea- 
ter,  Anne,  relict  of  Durell  Durell,  eaq. 

At  Mears  Ashby,  aged  69,  John  Slater  Hall,  esq. 
Mrs.  Hall  died  in  April  Ust ;   stace  that  time  he 
occa.<!lonally  sutfered  Anom  depression  of 
and  at  length  committed  suicide. 

In  Somerset-st.  Portman-sq.  aged  40, 

Lloyd,  esq.  He  cut  hb  throat  with  a  nuor  dvflqg 
the  temporary  absence  of  his  attendant 

At  Lynn,  aged  84,  Mrs.  Catherine  Lubbock. 

At  Brighton,  aged  79,  Eliaabeth,  roUct  of  iJat- 
ander  MacDougau,  esq.  late  of  StraalMUn,  and  9t 
Parllament-stTwestminster. 

At  Slough,  Miss  Smirke,  of  (?rove-road. 

At  Wootton  House,  Henler-in-Ardea,  Onrteg- 
ton  Smytho,  esq.  eldest  son  of  Sir  E.  SiByiihe,  Bart. 

At  Barrow-upon-Humber,  aged  72,  (^harlea  Up- 
plebv,  tsq. 

Sept.  15.  At  Forest  Place,  Leytonstono^at  an 
advanced  age,  James  Johnson,  e^.  late  of  Poring^ 
land  House. 

In  CJreat  Georpc-st.  Westminster,  aged  94, 
Henry-rames,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Jamea  Mit- 
chell, es(i. 

At  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  aged  59,  J.  W.  RoMn- 
aon,  esq.  of  the  flmi  of  Messrs.  Robinson  and  Wil- 
son, linen -manufacturers,  of  Hutton  Rudby,  CIeT«- 
land. 

At  the  rectory,  Dunchurch,  Warw.  Eliaabeth, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  John  Sandford,  Archdeacon  or 
Coventry. 

At  Mill-hiU  IxKlge,  Hastings,  aged  82,  Elizabeth, 
widow  of  Thoma«<  Vores.  esq.  and  mother  of  ftM 
Bev.  Thomas  Vorcs,  Pcrp.  Curate  of  St.  Mary  In 
Oastro,  in  that  town. 

8q>t,  16.  In  Gloucester-street  BelgraTe-mad, 
Digby  Thomas  Carpenter,  esq.  late  of  Hairke 
House,  Sunbury. 

At  York,  Mrs.  Crosby,  wife  of  the  Rer.  JoA. 
Crosby,  licctor  of  St.  Crux,  and  sister  to  the  Lord 
Mayor  of  York. 

At  the  residence  of  her  uncle,  Henry  Baroe- 
wall,  esq.  Rlcliniond-hlll,  Lucy-Nugent,  only  dau. 
of  the  late  (3apt.  St.  Leger  Hill  12th  Lancers. 

At  Albcrbury  vicarage.  Snropnhhre,  Alfred- 
Laacalles,  eldest  surviving  child  of  the  Rev.  Charles 
Herbert  Jenner.   ^_       ,^  , ,  .  „    . 

At  Folkestone,  Man-Fielder,  wife  of  Frederick 
Lock  eeo  of  Ep»*>i""»  w^^  ^'^7  dau.  of  the  late 
EdwardGrOie  Smith, esq.  of  the  Prior>-, l.W. 

At  Wandsworth -co-  '  '"  Votter  .esq. 

At  Lower  Cl»pt«"  ^^  "*»• 

b«UiBeTiU. 


Obitdarv. 


I8S3.] 

A[  the  DliiwniT  H<nu«, 
Un.  Elli>^Uii.l>»urGw 

Btfi.  II,    At  llonMrg,  T 

orSiw-Uwn,  Dm1lib,«wlo( --_,.-,  , ^ 

AiiM,  oa  UH  puiagii  Is  EnxliuO.  Aosustui  flrld,  Someriiol.    ^Iirwublxucnilv^,  UhIu. 

OrUdni  Carrjs,  unUuuiiiurffnin  H.lj;.I.CiS,  Mb  el  fiobtR  KdIh.  hr.  •!  N«ir  Lc«is.  BarktaMop- 

un  gl  Oati  Oinna,  nq.  TnU  Fli]niuUin-e«ii.  atcwl. uid vltew ut FtilUp  GIHw.nq.    StituM 


'lIiirU.n11ct 


—  -      -. --,— - BW  ut  FtllUp  GIHw. 

HMtm.  nuntMli  IHM.iuLlMdWieau 

At  ttwtUaa,  Aant-Oaa.  tilt   of  th»   St.  fcllnolnn  ynr.    Sir  Jutin  F.  Acluiit  med  In 

W.  D.  DHIM.M-A.    JUM  <n>  Ibt  onlv  d>s.  si         Al  UIMuM  Oooun -      - 

IIm  Hon.  lai  Bn.  A.  A.  Toniaur,  IIKlar  oF  Jmai  E.  E.  fiwlxir,  ■.,.  _ 

TilUnBl,  KarMk.  br -Iwte,  Ind  Omi.  of  ilulin  Al  llioOiieBeU  Hiiul.BurvSI.BdniiRid^aiM  I 

Dswar.  Mq.  uxl  mi  nuhti  In  IM4,  63,  Mr.  WUUu*  UHU7  CMktmi,  brntwr  ofA*  M 

In  Loudon,  ■SfdM.miltan.rHBrUi  aoD  o(  ths  Ulr  Hr.  CockUm,  of  Itad  la  ~~ 

M«  Owil*  Sdw,  Ml-  ot  Woolirii^li.  Una  Vm,  ft/:. 

AEDullnitwi.IhgwIAior  I>T.FIaM1n«,i)(S1ia-         Al  Nave-" 

dna,  JtBTlvc  4n  yauf  cbllilnn,  ■ahI  6A,  1> 

In   lAirv   B*rki^-rt.  (((l    Bl,   Hunnt.  tKls.  nq. 
wtdov  of  IM  Rw.  Jstan  IMvti  PlwMv,  or  Wit-         Al  BitnaQ.  Rubal.  rilail  sBrrlrinc  dan.  u 

UndOB  Bill,  Nudblli.  liUS.  B.  Oomperu.  «i|     ' " 

AtilimltaimiiinB.  (fcl  78,  Un,  H«7  Siwlcn,         Ai  Enin'onh,ieed  81 

anfSilMiuiT.  Leninitoii.  ein. 

In  tIM  Oorkannoutb  uilsa  wDrUioan,  ncedMi,         At  (^ordin.seed  ea,  Hn.  Llofd. 


WIIUiui  Sculn.  s 


n.  JnltB-lUr/. 

q7Lle"ui;'R.k.    Hi 


pr«Hd         Ai  WluJtim,  ic«d  ea.Vdilun  HeniT  HantUia.   J 


inlo  Ui>  BrlUib  unl  Krvica  vbca  ■  jwini  lun.  wq.  Usui.  R.N. 

Ua  Hmd  ondar  Uowa  and   Matun,  ud  wv  and  ^al  on  IbU  .  . 

pnaint  In  ric  nuunl  aslknu.  bMlmUDg  thoaa  of  uude  Llotu.  Ull.aiid  In  UuteapaaQr 

Copvnhagin,  tba  Nile,  mi  Tra&lrar.     BnUm  tbs  EnrydiceM.uid  IncDiuIanlK. 

., —  V ... . . *pf.  so.    AICiiUiioipnni,l>n<n.icedrB,l[ii>, 


niMlad,  iMl  tlial  1M  Dngfal  to  lad  cntaAil  to  . 

Kinu  and  cuonirj  IW  «b*>  b*  ma  ncaiTlnf,  Al  tjtmtaatinn,  BngRM-upoi 

rvplM,  "  D~  Uw  King  and  eoBsliT.''    I'lir  ttau  a(edfiT,  JaBaaI)awM,«n. 

a9ea«  be  iru  (track  off  tbe  UM,  ud,  attar  ■  At  NewBUHa^Hid  ».  Jnlm  Fitrbili 

lou  uragilg  irith  iMrartr  and  tl     "  "     " " 

IndildDl  Ui  ana,  wjia  compeHBd  to  Hi 

i«llar,«til  became  an  InnuM  at  tW 

At  NDnhamplSD,  aitWI  IM,  Ana. /ouigwt  dan.  Jimai  Hnchea,  mq.  ot  MeeklcnfcuRili-aa. 

oFnioniju Staal, of  Otbinltt.  At  Siafniar-liU],wivl  N, JoahBa  Xmnriaa, a. 

Afif.  I*.   AillHll*ad<,BMdln«,aEMfl),lUi7,  •JuKJceortbapeaca  liirUnaaliM.                 " 

nllL-tolEdnnliinaD.aaq.  lalaotWarsnn.  Al  Hania  Bar,  icad  4,  Oaotga-Uurls  al;  ■ 

Al  N«wBMIa«n-TjBi,  a«Bl  W.  Elluiwtb,  wirs  al  ChaiUi  MaiuarU.aaUn«lMi,  Mq. 

ortlark  Lamlmrt.EHi.  At  EdlnburKli.  Aleundcr  I'    '" 

At  Knnwd*.  *(«l  M,  Ocotii  llakobn,  aaq.  (d  Pnmttk.  DamMairiim. 

CmDcrlrDf  Loadun.  At  Alrtli  CmUi.  Ctlr)lii(ata. 

A«id  H,  BdniriOvlliHterUD.W].  Kair-rmA,  Hda,  aaq.  lua  Tlrd  Ra^ 

Hlchmond,  Somq'.  In  Iti>^|.<l-a^  lI.E             .,          .      . 

Al  kw  Jirgitaai-ln-ta*^  U.  B.  FIcM.  aq.  It-  Odan  UaU.  Appledan,  NonbDonn. 

Ilnctgn,  Auitb,  rstanX  <Ub.  of  llie  lato  wQuui  Al  TlierHcia,  EidIIt-HfIct.  lauuna  dUL  af  M 

Helnlta,  wq.  nf  NuUJBKbBin.  y«D.  Anhdaaeoii  Rabtnni,  0.0.  ■baW'tfH 

AlWindiar.  Uilinnltfcynok.»|.  a  lurtln!  or  Tanphi,  an4  IMM  of  ttMrtald. 

tki  pocohr  Uldrllaati,  aod  ■  dapiilr  lldilanaul  AlMontonbamwiaad.WiD.Wliltatiaa.aiUl 

orthaTamcaunleit.  8t,J.i\.     M  WofiiKinlli.  wadTt.-lila  D 


llkiuutiun.  .   _ 

Tooii.  aq.      of  «ic  nualWalMolibt  U ,  . 

urt.  Al  KMSmaruI,  Hiin^.  Otnmt  Oaa 

UMJanu      Riiliie.B.A.  TltBllTC«UttalCaiBUldKF,H 
Uia  laM  Ctfl.  OnitK*  OM-liac  BMgt,  ut 
06,  itobcit       Fuk,  SlUR/. 


1,  ised  HO,  FnOcrU'k 


«l»  Staling,  Ml  of  Moll 


It  BDi^t  WUlhuB,  Barks.  i«bJ  ^B 


rsrt. 


«bwii.  •eui  >a ,  fliitart.  fewUi 

isljotad  McDoniild.  mi.  It- 
thg  mMnica  if  Mr  nwUiM', 
iMt,  Tbatnnml  wb  Mtom) 


tho'pi^tiil  bmiltw'af  Fnnitfbn,  of'^hMi  ^ 

At  CUftan,  jkgflil  63,  SopLLa.  tniiet  at  AllllvR  four  orpUiuu  (o  Inmtnt  bir. 

[)lapirBriiia,siq.UWa(Bri>toI,  AlOnnlham.ifKdiil.  WmiunCMtar.mi. 

At  Blubtir  tt*.  Ids  Bight  Hon.  Uuy-Annc  At  Luuicnwn.  igiri  M.  Uw  vlk  of  Hnry  »■ 

CoUDlsMorOiBDinUh.  StwrniUiosMMdHgitiUr  thick,  «t.  M.D. 

>f  tba  Uta  Riglit  Hon,  Hauy  Onttin,    Sha  wu  jM.  u.    At  Ui  iwldenn.  tAi?ha»M-Wcnn, 

HunMaMtoJobBDlKhllinl.  uq.  oTAItitlnn.  Ailon-<wd,ugd6a.jMn«  HMehkiM.  a«.  UlliFr 

00.  Wlokhnr,  mM  HRndljr  Is  lau  ro  tlH  unniil  oc  ths  BlrrntoiAini  Dtnnci  Conn  of  BuknipMy. 

ISoil  or  Cusnai.  Wi  wbnD  iM  luil  no  iiia«.  In  CtiBKh-«.  BBUiiul-iimii,  John  Howiuil.M«. 

In  London,  und  A4.  Burlot.  nllct  of  LIh  Ret,  lb  Tppor  SflTmonr-rt-  Wcot.  ~ 

hadertek  OonoUlt.  Utn  CorMs  of  Wj'inihae.  tg^  og.  Hn.  itOtrj.  w1<b  "f  |i 

At  MaDdfbrd.JwadTS.tbe  IteTrlUolionllCrTnoA.         In  Egflrton-' —    ' '"'^' 

Ik  npntila  of  Oflj-  )«iirm  mlnliicr  of  Ifai^  Inclo  igsd  is.  Sunn 


WlDghun,  Kant,  aged  4; 


lotta.  waind  dan,  of  tlia  lue  Gwrga  W 
oeq.  of  tTppar  Wlmpoto^at' 

At  llaniiataid,  11(14  4t,  UarT-Sua 
John  Dudlajr  OUrar.  a«|.  Ohanyjw 


Ilio  n«v.  Aodrvw  Srmlngtvn.  Vt.O-  ndnlfltar  of 
ilm  fteionm.1  Pmbperian  Chnrrh  fn  FiWtr.  lA 
ftsiwu  of  IMilnlt^r  lo  lh>  RrlUnnod  PreilvlsriaR 


unlalnM  Inllio  panonl  clurga  i 

In  TonWlon-pl,  acad  ST,  I 
H.  Fnun  Tuld,  nq,  of  Bama4^ 
Sifl.  13^  Al  ThatlWd.  Hanrv  Dclaral, 

naiM^i 


Palilar,  I 

'Unnl,  wife  ot 

&p(.  13.    Al  ThatlWd.  Hanrv  !> 

'II  of  [he  Hon.  ud  Rar.  DolanI  Ail 


fijsorgs  1^1(0,  nq.  of  Eur  AIUn«Mii,Dma, 
Alh1>  r»l«an«,  Applnlnra  Barton.  Bow,  H*4 

1.  Juhn  tVntliltn.  a>l' 
Aaed  IV  moniha,  Earnaai-SiilkttT-H 


wldoworJuBfsBDdd.wq.hoMalMCjr^OnlnisH 
Mmfetspar.  Fort  Qaorca.  Onemao]'. 

Al  Btxhaiii,  agad  ai,  Ua  Ana  lUibrldnBi 
and.  w»d  X,  ma  Uitllta  Falrbildge  i  and.  SqM. 
St.  wad  S«,  Un.  Falrtiridga,  vUk  aad  duitaKn 
■Tito  UiaXr.yalrtaMn.iargtm.vlM  dfad  in 
the  prarlooa  waak.  all  of  AalaUc  cliol«n. 

At  hit  moilMi^,  Chwiar,  Rogtr,  faaith  Mb  of 
Iba  lata  Georga  Jacaon,  caq.  of  Barton,  n.  Lan- 


At  Claphun-pvlt,  Karr,  raUcI  of 
aaq,  of  SminiV^aca,  EdlabUTEh. 
At  Tunbndn  W«Ua.  aged  U.  I 


ir  Edward  Balchall 
.1  NainaiUe.  acad«ij 


ttHawoaUa.  9Cat- 


m  to  Thomiu      Md  X.D. 
ID  and  Char-         At  EdI 


Agvl  ftl,  Oeorga  L«.  aaq.  of  Wlckliam  Blihop*!, 
Eani.  un  of  tlu  Ufa  OMrga  Lh.  tan.  of  DirUB- 
terclLlliirAUt. 

ii  Offbam  HOHae,  near  Law«.  agn)  TV,  Mri. 
Jaaa  Oanradc  PhUinti. 

At  lur  iMlis't  Iwiiaa.  Mr.  J.  H.  BiUlartlaU. 
of  the  UaaBt.  York.  Ittrr.  rOict  of  John  BoOlng. 

At  iTir  Uw,  Buck!,  and  U,  KMhar-Kugarat, 
«Uoir  of  O^  aaotk.  I." 
Al  Rimigilala,  '-    " 


Edan-tuU,  Ciinliwlnd.  whI  I«,  nau, 
:raBBgaatdaD.(if  Iha  latB  R»r.  Sir  ChrMvlur). 
MaacrtT*,  Bart,  of  Idan  tWI. 

m  Tonbrldg*^.  H*«-fOad.  agad  «D,  EHutiWIi. 
wUb  of  Bnapkrar  JOkB  tum.  aaq,  ka(a  M  t4«. 


At  Oaklinda.  TWqaa]'.  JiDa.  irlta  af  TTlillM 
•ytBtr.tK).  DtttialplaH,  and  LlTtrpu)' 
Al  Claptiua-park,  i^  M.  WUILan  Oaarr  T»r- 


1 


Obi  TD  ART. 

n*llXl*>-J*ii«t,irlliniCitO«orn  wthi  l*M  Ht.K*>.t>r..hiiM.  SU« 

^..  ^ .._  ^^  j^ij^  lo  Un  l«r  in  WIS,  mif  i 

»  3«uih«ii|iUin,  (ffM  ni,  Thtman  tWIovi,  cq. 

M  St*. 'ilellir'a.  itnas.  BvtIcI-Abm.  olft  sf 

VAI  Tc]n|iur>  He'd  N,  Himnt.  wits  of  John  BIchiiril  Ox*!!  l^»»jU.eiB.Bf  Aberjutnllli,  iWM 

BiimtiT.  m^.  llta  ItP.  «w  BlKkbum,  mid  rtmi.  of  W.  W.  E.  H>iiici.  c-q.  k,f.  -•  "— ■-—  "— 

of  iti*  Ra*.Ctiitilap)i«r  Bird,  ChaUtrCoa.Hartli-  ~ — 

At  Ctmia',  iRCA  HI,  HtBTj  KaliaO,  oii.  heiru-'n(  Ull^  [!".  FliUip  Foliataa,  B.D.  ■nd  *•* 

AtPHnct'iTHnM,  Uyds-mrli,  Annctiuinrit  rawnm  hi  IHin. 

of  Joha  lUeOFegcc,  am.  M.P.  Ibt  (lU^nw.  ■nil  Al  Mii.Monr,  rhirtoHe-nammrtlsii,  nltct  *> 

AlB.  of  Ibt  UW  W.  P.  JiUud,  uq.  of  OikMll,  Wllhnin  Snir<ii>',  c-^i 

Al  HonHT.  *f>d  19.  Ocorgi  Handill  Prioa, eiq.  Tnn':'. 

lUeotDactEm'-eainmou.  At-         r       '     .        '     '   il -i(D-AiinM1*,diB. 

At    )«    ■m-lB'lnw'l,     DitK     HcDOO^all,    *tq.  un>n:.                                    '           '    -'■'. 

fljWIil*  Bank.  Edlnlmr^.  aiiBl  CT.  Amrthi  Aiz.-. nl  nnmlbnl. 

Si^Ua,  r^tct  of  Bmrr  Timon  Sakt,  fDmicrlr  at 


^tfrna: 


1dA(,KUci,«lli>utM< 

.  Elii»l«Ui^«ii>)iln,''«*ji>i'"ei«     eiqTlrf  Belli  VBeTm-  

um.  untTj  n ,  If.  Trnno.  B.  Art.  Ml*  cbte<(  At  ClxUitii;  hhI  *,  Cnoia.  vitr  nf  Un;, 

dta.  Of  [hs  lain  LisDl.-Oal.  Pvn*,  of  tlio  innia  T^ot.  Beml^gnwjMI.  ^<tiiwi«"i  6MM  of  a« 

RaglmBDt.  l*lDR«r.  JolmllailMUiH.A.  ofOtham. 

am.  1.  InSl.  John't-wood-RHil.igodM.AIftwf         i>l  r*i^|lii  HiHiBlIM  Hli II  rii|i>HI 

Tn^iir  Cluantr,  w).  Hn.  yononM  uHt  salir  larTmiic  iMn  of  (ho  laM 

it  M|iwm.hlU.  iRst  SI,  DarM  DrMi.tBi.al  liUar.O«n.  Sir  Bn|MM*Mpkann. 

tlM  Bnroltuiit-oaoi,  QuneairJaao.  At  KaIUA(l(B,  ttai  *0>  TMHa*  Walla,  so. 

A««ll  M,  Annlo.  wile  of  Wo.  flcrrick,  en.  of  Al  LiiiDliafaiinl.m<tl,  Edwml  Jshn  VMW 

Tkuvutaia  Lodn.  LtkMlinMn.  lis.  aq.  (Or  H  ]wn  u  imlniil  hr«  af  IIm< 

!■   Lalbrafee  Vnua.   KnnlM-lini,    m(M  01,  lilM*,  tDnnorlr  tn  tb*  innr.  vul  br  rti  fwn 

EHHbMi,wlaiiwoflhI>iud«imniilUUr,o-|.  £oiUHU«»oa  ta  Dm  Wliitfeaanr  Oii«it)>  UmMW. 

Al  DWtfii^  WelUum,  »gti  to.  OiuIh  fto-  In  Lmnr  PURIBsn-bl.  JmHagtm-taHn, 

dotak,  fBDiMipn  s(  ttaa  talB  VtDatn  Dlmmn,  AlnudB  WDua.  aq.  laB  of  tUbgn-MUT 

at,  of  ntnoeki.  Dear  BoOn'.  (M,  I.    At  TlrMton,  tfS  H,  Jobs  tea*,  o^. 

IaVppvO>w«Mt.MedtO,MF>,  H,  Utiiiii.  o» of  Itao  DMgWnua  At  fliat  bonub.    B*«M 

At  BHinH.  Inp  ArtMWd  Imtot.  no.  n(  u  RDtctlsnMi  Mn  Urf  tf«UMI,a  AraM  Iwh 

BwMMakiTHBplo.iiiiMii  t-l»w.    Ilcirwiha  buid, ■  Madar Utv, ul ■  wmna-tnttM MmC 

jowiflaataaa  of  John  tmwi.  aq.  of  niMaHcn*n,  T»  oil  wto  naoJcJ  hiiatflwiMid  arwliaocaba  w 

AUnnr,  9nmy,  and  wu  caned  lolbobarln  IM4.  erer  aocaadU*— eier  Hi*  Mend  of  IM  foWiM* 

AtPMIt.Mf.acat  II.lim*  Fnmaa  t«lipn,  wwiiRai  itf  lh>  walk.    Wbaa  IM  atoMet  Is  »• 

noactM  Oufhter  of  Ilia  tale  llephsii  LagiiaB,  omceofGfaimhmrdeBlB  lUi  bafmntSl.  HMA 

MH—  B.W.  ckanblnamoalnMMMisdandiUlaMBMwadl- 

AtDnomdibv-ten,  CuDdcn-rHil.tha  raUaoM  ttoa.    B*  til  nnUrU*  iHnlaH,  alM  Ir  *■■■ 

tfh^iOiUD-liwCr.  Hario^Ma dM.LMiiat.wlfii  »bo  alMjalbaDd  him  ■  man  wUllBf  eaaVUMy 


dan.  of  .tohn  Pain. 'til 
Kcita-HaMlda,  aide 

BlebardWad'dT.<teMTMnaWaS^aamlnkier!  v  Kti-i-.-          .i  .< 

AI  Huniu,  a(Hl  10,  A.  Wade,  m.  nmhanl,  A:  ~                                    '  K  ilu',  m.  SJ(. 

a»TI.  Al   i>                                   ....  r-«i.  .^ao.  li», 

(M,«.    At  RInila.  Kaat.  M  Ibe  raddanca  of  har  bell.,,  r.                                    .  Tt'iKm  r*Uo*  id 

nophaw.  aged  M,  Calbena*,  TOUcI  af  nionua  Kiim  '  '      .    ..i-:  i  i..   ...i     -  '  ir.  il[ii(,(^uflolb.uid 

Obarlaa.ait,  ofMMoo.aamiT.  •Ian.  <.i  n.  }., .     i,:i.,«  i  >....,  ih'u  „|  Cvll.kL 

In  Ela»ner-«|,  of  Wim  Ifm,  V.  V.  Onle,  Al  tarlnr.  ttnt  J»,  UIm  llairM  Coi**v  M^              ■ 

lLP.PkTMglBnta4UUiBMi>wBHa«di«l.    Dr.  iBwlr  af  IMnuasK.                                                    M 

Carte  na  orlflnallT  aiunai  la  Uu  MlltHrr  Us*.  Al  Oaalart.aii.  Aan.  wldo»  «t  lh«  IU».  C,  >.             ■ 

C«Partt.ta4aSMlra<lBlBlaaf»fg)MM>-  M^Kr^Vlnr  tf^Knnh'^r.uaar  HoaUi.aod  daa.             ■ 

atm<mi*»r  Hmm  ■  tm»'  1  Ur   BWnv  of  Ibo  lile  tin.  UwaM    Nonnsd,  HMa  of             ^ 

Diann.wba.iaMnnnaMg^aaanlieaHafifna  SMt^mai  MunmA.                                               I 


aatuMnu  and  aldennan  tn  thai  tannak, 
tonabaraII)u<KaTili>Hl'«l»litwlti)F.    Ito 


.wbo.  laMnnn«iMg(a>*nlleallanfna  """i""  — 

Ur.UaANcMiina&lbliaMeeaa  to  Mulind         Al  balb.  Harr.  IMH  d«.  at  Itaa  late  Gdww« 

andmcUne.    Nearly  hreo  If  roan  •VtasiaBM'  Watti,  N«,  of  laainl. 

Bw  EMI  nMlabomaenBiio  «!•««»,  «id^  "'  '      "  "' 

HM  B^aal  ISM  W  aiBa  and  akwns  lit  *t 
tin.    AfreM  maar  of  ttuEMlWitnMtloa 

ofhomaoMbyhanbanlnlaadUitbadlipna-,  -    

cHaiiibihallijlrrX'arM.  hatwalb*  fkHoanet  Arobaslotim 

At  rravrn-l^r.  near  Favetili.oi.  Wmiam  IDt.  HWDfrSoeMj. 
man.  <n<i.  At  VoUloilaae.  EUaalaUi,  wlh  a 

Al  lirWIitoii.  aa]«l,.MIalIan<lra«on.lbr  iii^Mibo  KaBor  Umm.  SI 

man.irMrianM^lofOIUuin.ltanla.  lonAln. 

At  Boi  UDiMdlai.  aaad  M,  bbi.  onlr  Hrrlrlai         MaBlda,  dM.  <d  Ui*  Rat. 

diu.  of  U<c  Wb  CiH.  UariSTl-N.  aad  atoi.-  Itaem^UaKam^F 

MaibnrafTlioaiaabiwii.Hi.nf LoodoB.  Al  llMridnn,  ft 

At_>wt«-tnaanal.  a«M  11,  naaua  Jaoah  '■■n- 
m.  Babcbor  of  OraTHM.    KdnalwIHnUa         Al  ftvbm.  J.  W 


1853.] 


Obituary. 


543 


At  Elm  HonM,  WenaleT^ale,  aged  M,  Anna, 
wife  of  Christopher  Other,  oaa. 

At  Clapham,  the  widow  of  John  Ferram,  esq. 

In  the  Albion-road,  Wandswortt^road,  £Uu, 
widow  of  Peter  Simop,  esq.  formerly  of  Cork. 

At  CamberweQ,  ag«d  73,  Francea-Maria,  wife  of 
H.  Wyche,  esq.  dau.  and  heiress  of  the  late  John 
Tanner,  eaq.  of  Salisbury. 

Oct.  9.  At  Brighton,  aged  30,  John  Cummlng, 
esq.  of  Barbados. 

Aged  23,  John  Olorer  Loy,  M.D.  eldest  son  of 
Geo.  Merryweather,  esq.  M.D.  of  Whitby,  and 
grandson  of  J(^n  Qlover  Loy,  esq.  M.D.  •  - 

At  Woolley,  near  Bradfonl,  Wilt^i,  aged  44, 
Elizabeth  Bush  Smith,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
Bartliolomew  Deeke  Smith,  of  Timsbarjr,  near 
BatU. 

At  the  rectory,  Morleigh,  near  Totnes,  aged  28, 
Mary,  wlfb  of  the  Rev.  W.  W.  Stockdale. 

Oct.  10.  At  Brighton,  of  concussion  of  the  brain, 
occa.sioned  by  an  accident,  aged  23,  George- 
Gainer,  eldest  snrriving  son  of  Arthur  Easton, 
c?Kj.  of  Hyde-park-sq. 

At  Brighton,  Henrietta-Elizabeth,  wife  of  James 
William  Farrer,  esq.  one  of  the  retired  Masters  In 
Chancary.  She  was  the  only  danghtor  of  Sir 
Matthew  White  Ridley,  the  8d  Baronet,  by  Sarah, 
daughter  and  heir  of  Benjamin  Colbome,  esq.  She 
was  married  first  in  1804  to  the  Hon.  John  Scott, 
eldest  son  of  Lord  Chancellor  Eldon,  who  died  in 
the  following  year,  leaving  isHue  the  present 
Earl;  and  secondly  in  1811  to  Mr.  Farrcr,  by 
whom  she  was  mother  of  James  Farrcr,  esq.  now 
M.P.  for  the  Southern  division  of  the  county  of 
Durham. 

Aged  43,  Amelia,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Charles 
Stroud  Green,  Rector  of  St.  Ann's,  Lewes. 

At  Kingstone,  near  Arundel,  aged  77,  Samuel 
Ilenty,  esq. 


At  Brixton,  aged  58,  Mr.  George  Plgott,  late  of 
U.M.  Theatre,  and  the  Philharmonic  Society. 

Oct.  U.  At  the  Barton,  near  Cirencester  (the 
result  of  a  severe  accident  on  the  9l8t  ult.)  aged 
71,  Robert  Anderson,  esq.  for  the  last  forty  years 
steward  and  manager  for  the  late  and  present 
Earl  Bathurst. 

At  Lyttelton  House,  near  Great  Malvern,  Ist- 
bella,  relict  of  James  Oakes  Bridge,  esq. 

William,  eldest  son  of  the  late  J.  M.  Raikes, 
esq.  of  PortLuid-pI. 

Aged  G8,  Mary,  wife  of  William  Taylor,  esq.  of 
HQrabeDrtonft>lodge,  Leic. 

Aged  42,  the  Hon.  Elizabeth  Susan  Drummond- 
Willoughhy,  second  dau.  of  Lord  Willoughby 
d'Eresby. 

Oct.  12,  At  Dieppe,  a|red  7  months,  Anne- 
Augusta,  only  child  of  Lord  Gilbert  Kennedy. 

Mrs.  John  Turner,  wife  of  Dr.  Turner,  of  Yd- 
verton  Lodge,  Twickenham. 

At  Clifton,  aged  74,  Marianne,  widow  of  Lieut- 
Gen.  Sir  Gr««ory  Uolman  Bromley  Way,  K.C.B. 
and  K.T.S.  She  was  the  daughter  of  John  Wey- 
land,  esq.  of  Woodeaton,  co.  Oxford,  and  Wood- 
rising,  Norfolk,  was  married  in  1815,  and  Ifltfl  a 
widow  in  1844,  having  had  no  issue.  (See  the 
memoir  of  Sir  Gregory  Way  in  our  vol.  xxi.  p.  537.) 

Oct.  13.  Harriet  Donuan,  of  Albert-st.  Regent's 
Park,  last  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  John  Donnan, 
esq.  of  Dartford. 

Oct.  15.  At  Briekwood  House,  Croydon,  sged 
70,  Robert  Wells  Eyles,  esq.  formerly  of  Ludgate- 
st.  and  a  Magistrate  for  the  county  of  Surrey. 

At  his  residence,  Hitchin,  aged  69,  William 
Wilsben,  esq '  of  Walsworth  and  Hitchin,  in  the 
county  of  Hertford,  only  son  of  the  late  John 
Wilshere,  esq.  of  the  latter  place.  He  married, 
March  16,  1836,  Louisa,  yotingest  dau.  of  the  late 
John  Croft,  esq.  of  Hitchin. 


TABLE  OF  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OF  LONDON. 
{From  the  Reiumt  ittutd  by  She  RegUiraT'OeneraL) 


• 

Deaths  Registered 

irths 
stered. 

Week  ending 

4 

1 

Saturday, 

Under 
1^. 

15  to 

60. 

60  and   i  Age  not 
apwar48.<'  specified. 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

°f 

Sept.       24  . 

4Sb 

299 

185 

.. 

969  ' 

468 

501 

1619 

Oct.           1  . 

W7  1 

423 

235 

8 

1213 

686 

527 

1624 

»>         8  • ' 

489 

335 

173     1        4 

1001 

505 

496 

1375 

M            IS     . 

5U 

342 

184     .         2 

1039  ' 

505 

534 

1573 

„      22  . 

A31 

332 

1B7     1         4         1054 

536 

518 

1463 

AVERAGE  PRIC»  OF  CORN,  Oct.  21. 


(Theat. 

Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

Beans. 

Peas. 

9.      d. 

9,    d. 

9,    d. 

9.     d. 

9.     d. 

«.    d. 

68     4 

40     1 

23  10 

39  11 

45     8 

45     4 

PRICE  OF  HOPS,  Oct.  24. 
(Sussex  PockeU,  11/.  0«.  to  12/.  5t.— Kent  Pockets,  13/.  0«.  to  18/.  0«. 


PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  Oct.  24. 

Hay,  4/.  5«.  to  5/.  15«.— Straw,  1/.  8#.  toil/.  18i.— Clover,  4/.  15f .  to  6/.  6f. 

SMITHFIELD,  Oct.  24.    To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  81bs. 


Beef • 2#.  6</.  to  4f •    4^« 

Mutton 2».  M.iohi,    0</. 

3«.  6^.  to  4«.  10(f. 

3i.  6<2.  to4«.  10(f. 

COAL  MARKET,  Oct.  21. 


Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Oct.  24. 

Beasts 5,527    Calves  154 

Sheep  and  Lambs  25,220   Pigs      340 


^, 


0(/.  to  32s.  (iS^Mr  ton.    Other  sorts,  16f .  6(/.  to  23#.  Od. 
rt.— Town  twW»  62t.  6d.     XtSL^^  TSIamm^^^.  ^« 


•wt. 


fs:7i->i:o> 


«    -lAlT 


IH  ^ 


'i 


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Jl      'M 


ft 
41 


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A 


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fta 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


HISTORICAL   REVIEW. 

DECEMBER  1853. 


CONTENTS. 

mNOn  CORRESPONDESCB.— Tin  l«™  eai  In  French  ttenlflry— Al«  uld  Iir  tba  jtli— 
F4inllr  of  tMv«iex~Kni;1i>h  Oiurch  Hi  Uic  Hieue— InJ-crlpIJaiu  Itoonakt  SI.  HOirr.Coni- 
wull-Com»u™.(ifRirmerll«gwliiM   

Mimonnda  nn  Mexico — Mayer's  Hutoricnl  Accoaot  of  Mexico  from  Iht  Iii*a- 
tlan  oF  the  Spaniardi •.. 

Naleson  MediicvBl  Art  in  France  i  bj  J.G.  Waller 

Plilli]!  tbe  Second  and  Aatoaio  Pero 

Oathe  Iminigrationaf  tbeScandlnaviaiiaiDtaLeiceEtrrshiri::  by  Jamei  Tfaompaoa 

A  Sonnet,  tribntary  to  the  Poel  Wordaworth ;  by  C.  V.  Lt  Grice 

Wanderings  of  an  Aatiqaary^  by  Thomoa  Wright,  F.S.A.  No.  XV.  Old  Sara m 
(urt'M  Ettprmingi) .,,.. ,,,.. 

Milford'a  Mdiod  and  Gray   , ,. 

COttRESFONDENCE  OF  STL V ANUS  tniBAN.—Tbe  Daks  at  WclUngUn't  D««nt  from  Ue 
RoDH  i>r  SUffnrd— EitracU  mmi  the  MS.  IHaclH  of  Dr.  Stakeliy— tSOKtMi  HIHorimt 
Purmit*  and  dnofa't  Blugr^hlcal  Wttery  al  Engkad— Scotlili  FamiUca  In  Smdea : 
ThB  KoorM.  Hamlllans,  DcmiilaMa.  Slitclain.  llcDonlli,  uiil  UiiPbamHu-Cinnl  Fonen 

AaaelB  ADkarMiaMD— llH  Shopiia  WeitDiliider  Hall 

BOTES  OF  TBE  lIOMTH.—llMtbig  of  the  SodUr  ol  AjTti— &oT*l  Itntltole  of  Drl[i>k  Arehl. 
torli — neopanlDg  of  Nattanal  <UlarT — Uvarrm  Freo  LUirarr — lutltiitfl  of  Franco— Now 
FtnakMbck  at  Hnnicti— Slls  of  anclont  VcmUm— ChnRti  of  St.  HUuT.  CcKnwall-^laoa- 
ment  to  Titian  at  Voka—SlDjulaf  rocavBtx  Df  national  docamsila  In  ^nnen    .......... 

KlSTOBtCAI.  AND  MISCKLLAJJEOIIS  REVIEWS— Itiuklnl  Sloneiof  Venice.  TOl,  111.  SOI; 
TbaRnulanBlioniDftheBlackSsalo  theAulnnni  of  MM.bjr  UnwmtOUphanl.aiOi 

Old  Tm.  1>T  W.  SaTagE  LaDdor—Mn.  Rnt'i  iVejtat  ttaaPlilei.Gia;  Pool'aScleiii  Ue- 
dtemnl—TaJM  Iqr  Lad}  Dohertj—VnUkh-i  Income  Tax  TaWei 

AHnqCARIAN  RESEARCHES.— SodMrotAnUqiuiriH.Giai  Bodetjor  AnUquariea  at  New- 
caetlA-UIiDn-Trne.ClTi  ArebUeeloral  Sodeljaf  the  AfrhdoaconiTof  Kortliamiitan,flllli 
HBMWnoflj1ibABttqBUlMlalb«Ila)i1UiExhIbltlcitiori«fi3,na!  Yiskihlte  AatbiiiaHan 
Club 

HISTORICAL  CHI10NtCL£_VoMen  Nen,  Ha :  DomnUc  Oceurreacu 

PramBUoBi  and  pTefrRnenH,  839 :  SliUuand  HarHnKW  

OHmTABT :  wHh  Uemirin  of  Tba  Earl  of  Kanman :  Bialion  of  IMrT7  and  Kaptus :  Ladjr  Ell. 
tabeOi  Kormani  Lord  Cbarls  V.  F.  Tomithend;  Sir  Sltnoo  Bradnral,  Bart.;  Sir 
wnuam  B«Chim:  Sir  WUllim  Bain  i  Genera]  HonHudiin:  LL-Col,  D.  E.  la 
Arafoi  M.  de  St.-Hilain;  Ueuluiant  BeUoii  Comoiander  Artbnr  DaTlei.  n 
KIcidlii  U,  J.Snvlh.Eaq.  H.P.i  Oharlia  Darinf  Wal],EBq.  N.f.  i  Rav.  O.FauK 
OoUn  Campbell  llacanlajr.  tm-  <  iuant  AUuworth,  Eiq.  j  Jfldtaid  Scalea,  Ea 
MotOtt.Zii.;  Hr.  lalab  Deck 

Ci-nai  Dacuaan  

DiiTU.atrangM  In  Chranologleal  Order   

Itsgteinr-acnrral'i  Itetunu  at  Kurtallty  la  Ibe  Hetropolb-^larluta,  SU: 
Uiar7-J)allirlTlccofau»ka , 

Br   SYLVANUS  URBAN,   Gbiit. 


546 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 

Mm.  Veban. — As  an  amateur  berald  1  some  cnrions  but  indetcribable  figures,  is 

hate  taken  i.-.uch  interr>t  ic  the  Rrmerkf  one  cf  which,  however,   may  be  traced  i 

on  the  White  H:t<c  uf  Saxi»nT  ..r.J  Bnxn^-  rcmiih  resemblance,  m  oatline,  to  an  aatil 

wick.  j«uM:*h<J  in  y.^ur  nunibrr  for  Nd-  The  lettt-r*  . -)  of  each  line  are,  apparentlT, 

Tricber.  ai>d  I  ima:  it  ^iV.  not  hi-  cor;,  as  far  as  tbeT  can  be   traced,  noti.  in 

>idfrod  )>re$nD^ption  if  I  venture  to  »af  ce^t  Roman  characters.     The  other  stone  wu 

that  Mr.  Leake  ««:»  mistaken  ia  bis  iiiter-  fonnd  noder  another  part  of  tbe  chancel, 

pretaiion  of  iht  term  "  cci."     1  bare  two  and  is  of  about  tbe  sanae  dimensions.    It 

French  work»  ^n  luirnIirT.  cnj  of  these  appears  to  present  tbe  following  letters  *— 
doe*  not  pive  ti.t  word,  »bicb  i*  probabh 
only  of  rare  Lxvumrxjc^e,  Lut  in  the  citb:r.  el  .  .  i  .  .  v  .  . 

a  copy  of  Mfnt>irifr.  1  f.nJ  *•  Get  «  dii  const  a 

d^un  cbeval  nu.l.  san*  bann'l^."*  and  »it":.  pi  .  ,  a 

tbi*  inteq 'rotation  there  ^ouiJ  be  Lolbiig  caejs 

incongrnonf  in  anitioc  ii  m;th  ibe  ttrxn  dik:  •  •  •  • 

•*  pa5>ai,;."     1  may  uke  iLi*  op}K>r:bi.ity  ■  •  ^^^'^tan  .... 

of  inforn.ii.p   \our  com>pondeLt    ^in  p.  pii  .  .  -  .  . 

434'  that  ale  it  */i//  tifiti  by  lAe  yard  in  a  .  ,  avs  .  .  .  . 

Tiilaire  niar  LliUam    l  think  it  'i>  Voi^t**  filio 

Cra>  \  Kciii.— Your?.  Xi .  yi^  iu»cripiiou  is  apparently  of  theRomiD 

Dorer.  M\ci\,  epjrh. 

It  i>  .-tatrd   in   l.>>c:.s*  MatTia  F  it.         yi^  Urban,— During  my   perusal  of 

CW nJce^b:^» .  y.  M».  ti  -i  w.  1 ..  >  bjbi:.a  ^.^^^  Mairazine  for  this  year  I  hnTe  noted 

de  rj^^^2fT  iiavt  ier  mr.;or  .1  Oi-.n^i.-n  Jj^^  following  errora,  which  if   you  deesi 

to   tbf    Ki.isl.t>    llo*piT.  *.,;#.     Mr,    H.  ^.oj..hT  of  notice,  they  are  at  your  serrice. 

Davi  Na\  .  .1  Nor»i.-b.  «ould  fc^luMici  i  ^^^    _Lin  ^^^  January  number,  p.  91,  Sir 

by  tht  i-omiiiui.:..;:uii  .■!  ui.y  o:V.ir  j-ar-  William  Earle  Welby,  second  Bart  wis 

ticular*n>jv.imgiu.:  i..:r.:>  v  r  x...n.c.  ^^^   ^^^^^^    m.P,  for  Grantham,  1807. 

J.T.>rMX5.tl.eld)i..r.fi!MTaluablc  n,,^!,  i^  was  Sir  George  Warrendcr.  Bart 

Tolunu;.  l.i^b.  J.  \\  aT.-urion  f  KmiAics..  ha>  ^^^^  y,^^  Lott.  who  was  returned  with  Sir 

fallen  into  an   ''rr^  r  of  a  Mnple  x^ord.  by  j    j     ^^,„„,     b^.^,  j^  1^130.      p.  93, />r 

stjlmj:  Dr.  Aubibuld  Maclainc  ;;  lV:or  ^  .r...,a*oD  of  the  fifth  Earl  of  Wemyss. 

of  I l.e  hi*.r(^cl  I  Lurcn  at  the-  Haj:ue   "  ^^^  ^^ j  ^^^^  f^^rth  Earl,&c    P.  94.  It  was 

(p.  .4H..    lum  tl«  NotK^>  oi  Uu  nr.i;*.b  ^^^  ^^^^^al  election  UJl,  not  1830.  when 

IhuroLcfin  ;lu   Nr:!.i:lr.r..>.  ftrj^irul.'^j  :.-  (  .:.n,uenlof;  his  election.— March,  p.  318, 

i\''    f'''/iy,.    Y'""'-     ''    *^-     .^'^^^J'li'  co..l.iiuel.-:frombo:tom./brHei^ord- 

Ihurcl.  at  K.iur.km.  it  a  i....:>  :h:.i  t>.:>  ^^,,^    ^^^,;  R.,a:,cr*bire.-April.  p.  423, 

cbuieh    wn>    lV>b>i.  ,an    iu.u,    lo-f   to  ^^y_,  2.  \.n.  K  from  bottom,  ybr  Michael 

if".]'  /V"^V"rr   "1'  4 •'*        nv.M.:u>  y,..^,..^  j.^^,  ,.„^  Lawrence  Heyworth. 

of  tl.c  i  luivb  ..f  r^i^l-nd   .M.  i.:foiuua  j>  4;,  ^    t,,^  h^,„    ^l-n  Charles  Dawnay 

aenuv  tbcM.   but  UrMa.l.u..  >  nr...,>:r>  ^^^^  ^  ^.,  ,.^  j^;^  ^^,0,  vcar.-May,  p.  540. 

mir^;;     lYi  ^  '*^:7'^L'^'"  l^^^O:       J^  Hon.  Vr.i.ci*  AlJD.r;u,;h  Pritlii  w*as  re- 

ma    be  ao.cd,  1....  Mr.  >tcvc .   ^  N.ikv.  ,i,  .,^.  ^,  ,.  ^,^,,b,  ISl.^ upon  the  death 

«rin.l     A**    Z  \    ?[  V'*^^':rJ^^V"  J^*'  ^'i  ^->-  MHtI.e».-June.  p.  657.  for  Sir 

pnnce,  •ftcrwards  tlr^l  king  ot  the-  Nrtbe;-  ^.^,,,^,  ,,   ^^^^^  ,.,„j  Sir  Gregory  AU- 

lan..>.      Mr.    Sti\cn  ^    moik    i>    t\    i:>itul  ^    .    1  v    .       1  ,u.    «    »i*i     /i.J  ir.u^ 

hi^^^n.  »ml.  (r,>m  ,1,.-  x,ri,.x  ..(  .,>  ..;*  ?" T''"  T"^  for  Hir«.ch.r««i John 

pst  in  hi>  uuiuuu*  lor  Knlj>b  ti»j.uln> 

who  ha>i  li\(  J  abrond.  .;    •. ...     i..<  h.*    «•  .'.  ^ »—:•".■" i.Ute  Mcar  of 

1  ■ .  .\c  *  I . !  i  i:  t  b  i  i\  ft .  iv  .  t  1  be  V ': ,  ■  ol ,  u  uh  it  *  ■  *  •  *"'^-  '  •  «"-»■-  i-  ^  • = ■  •"'■  ;•''•  •  ?<^*'  Midaicwich, 

S*    lli^-  -v    in  t^  «r.  « c\l    fl    w  i        1  v•^.i■^^.:\       n.i  ;.:i-i:  lvr>  .i  tl.o  Hi-tora^  Sfi-Kty  of 

^   .  lli-.>.  in  I  .r:.wMl    xUic  ^in  fvui  d  ...,,:  ,„;.,;,  ^.•.:  r..:I*r  a  I..P.4;  an-i  imcre>tiug 

!».»  ::.j».nia^.  stono.  which  ucw  Iti  in  tlu  •,<*;•:■■.  ..■  i.^  *:.!  ^  H,rK:.ri'.l  .-.  ;1jc  second  \o]mnc 

tl  unMivard.     One  wa>  touno  hint   tr*in>.  «■:  ;  •  ■   lVs-iv...ii».>  ;.:••.  i'A:"r>.    I:  *ii<aniio. 

^tr>f  ;y  undtr  the  1..  rth  chftnoel-wail.  mhrr;-  " ':.  "T  "  "  ''V'  ■  •^':;^'-^  ViV  •V'^.erfii^ 

It    Lad    cnoentl)    Wtn   pi,.ord   w:tr.   care  n-v  m:.  a^  ..  .jv.^.  :::......;  t:  ■    ^v....^'c   o  .niriba- 

wiieL  tLe  cLurcii  was  buiU.     It  i>  about  <'••'*  ^J'»-    ^»=';^    ■■'    ■   "  '  •'  *    '"     '■*^r.ryiaea 

atren  feet  long,  and  ncarlv  two  foet  wide  '--^ '  »"«»^<'     li.V.:.^^^    •■;•■■':;•'••;"' \^  !^" 

4     *      Ji^'*  undrsicnedh .  much  1  k.-  that  :^Ju^x^^:  t.,s ;  ..i^i.i..  ..v.  ..-. 
of   a   c-jfcx..     The  inscription  con>;>t*  of         ,,      .  ,    s 

two  jiLtt  :  at  iLt  beginning  of  tach  »it     a  i,..',"  " 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 

Ann 

HISTORICAL   REVIEW. 


MEMORANDA  ON  MEXICO, 

Mtxico ;  Aztec,  SpanUli,  and  Itcpubticnn :  A  HIittoricol,  Gfof^pbii^al,  Political,  Stiff  I 
Ciiticat,  uid  Snciiil  Account  oF  tint  Conntrf  from  the  period  or  Ihe  InTssion  by  Iht'  J 
SpBDiardi  to  t!is  present  time.  With  a  view  of  the  nncient  Altec  Empire  >  '' 
dTiliiMion ;  •  faiitarinil  sketch  of  the  Utc  War,  and  noticei  of  New  Mexico  m 
Cilifornin.  By  BraDtEMayrr,fbnnerlf  Srcretarj  of  Li^tion  to  Meiioo.  2  toIi.  Bra 

WHEN' Cortez  mode  of  tbeMexiciLD     fiuud  to  ncknowletlge  bim.     Tbiawu, 
euiiiire  a  province  of  Spain  be  over-     in   18'24.     Since  that  period.  Uexico,'  I 
tlirew  n  liynoaty  wliich   had  ilicLated     htu  boen  under  tbe  cbarge  nf  a  serief  J 
JIt  decrees  from  tbe  eilj  of  Tenorli-     ofgcnerally  incapable,  atnbilious,  ana   \ 
titbtn  for  aboDt  n  period  of  ti  i^enturj     unscrupuio  js  presideots.    It  would  be   i 
and  a  balf.     Front   IS'M  to  IS3U,  tbe     dtiScult  Lo  sajhoir  many  have  presided, 
new  and  diHUint  province  was  ruled     over  tbe  republic,  for  revolutbus  bat*  J 
from  Spain  by  a  GuTernor  General,  or     been,  in  the  quarter  of  u  centurj  tliu,  I 
'            -'-■■•'■         bos  dapsed,  as  nmnerous  ns  ibe  feaU-' 
Tals.    Men  have  been  raised  topowen  ■ 
iinccremontoualy  turned  out  of  it,  wA  I 
unreaaoDably  restored,  to  be  again  de- 
nrivctl,  and  n&nin  elevated  to  dipiibp. 
Presidents  od  interim  appear  only  xa. 
increase  the  confusion.     Of  regubw    I 
nreaidents  there  have  been  a  dozeHi,  J 
rhe  present  occnpier  of  ibc  pbice  wM.  I 
firat  elected  in  1833.    lie  immediatelj   I 
overtlircw  the  federal  constitution,  ana 
went  over  to  tbe  ccntraliate  and  dea- 
jiotisni.     lla»  old  friendss  the  consUtn- 
tionoliats,  turned  biin  out  in  1836,  and 
bis  IJrst  tenure  of  office  was  signalized 
by  the  loss  of  Texas.     AfWr  the  new 
oonstitution  had  bee:i  sorely  naulei 
and  trampled  on  by  its  own  unnatural 
parcDia,  Santa  Anna  recovered  his  old  J 
post  in  18-tJi,  wn!!  again  igected,  ailfl  J 
once  more  restored  in  1846,  when  i'' 
by  re-adoptlns  federalism, 
puintcd  geQcraliasimu  of  the  amy. 
the  following  year  be  was  botb  out  m 
in  ;  sdU  then  came  exile,  followed  ii 
good  grace  to  tbe  destitution  gilded      1«.52  by  the  recovery  of  power.     H 
br  k  poniion  of  some  thousands  ''  per     is  no  statesman,  and  nobody  luspecbl 
—  -     "     -  1  he  left     "■= <■".<-:-.:—      ":-  1— !._  r. 


a  CoiDmisiion,  In  1030  the  Aral  Vice* 
roy,  UeudoEa  Count  of  Tendilla,  ar- 
rived in  Mexico  trom  Spain.  Id  1S31, 
the  last  Spauish  'Viceroy,  U'Donogue, 
8t({neiUbe  treaty  of  Cordova,  which  con- 
ceded on  the  part  of  Spain  the  indc 
peiidence  whieh  Mexico  had  managed 
W  win  for  herself.  The  exUnct  vice- 
royalty  of  nearly  three  hunilrcil  years 
of  ago,  was  succeeded  liy  the  short- 
iiviHl  empire  of  Iturbide.  'llie  latter 
held  a  comniiEsion  in  tlie  royal  unny, 
and  to  his  well-timed  Ireucbery  &Iesico 
wMi,  perhap",  in  nome  measure  indebted 
for  getting  free  of  Spain,  and  becoming 
ehnined  lo  a  for  greater  dcspoUaui, 
Iturbide  reigned  prcuitely  alter  Uie 
style  Bubseuuently  adopted  by  Louis 
Napoleon.  He  wati,  however,  less  suc- 
cessful against  conspiracies,  was  de- 
posed, banished, — but  handsomely  pro- 
vided fur.  Ilad  he  been  a  philowiphei*, 
— nay,  hud  be  possejued  only  the  com- 
mon sense  wbicli  iihilosopby  soiuclimcs 
desjiises,  he  wouhl  have  submitted  with 


n."     ITc  did  otherwise;  and  I; 


hiw  of  patriotism.    Ilia  t 


s  be  set  fool     when  he  still  more  luckily  defeated  ■ 
1  Hepublic,  which  re-     detachment  of  French  troops  at  Vera 


54'^  Mrmoranda  on  Mexico.  [Dec. 

i'ni/.    'I  l.c  1.-;;  w;i-  Lij.i».'l  wiih  I'unoral  pvruiniii  to  bo  the  sport  or  the  food  ol 

]H>iioiir«,  anil   Saul  a   Aiii..i  w.l-*  vLicf  an  idlo  «.'r  huiigrr  crowd  below.   Ktcd 

III' •  urn  or  at  i!j«j  i.iT..iiiony.     There  arc  in  the  ti-nkplo  of  the  niilJly  endowcti 

two  tliin;.'?  \i\'  I-.-VL*^  aKivo  ail  tliinjs  but  har^blv  iiameil  Tezcatlipoca.  ""tlK 

uii'liT  Ilvavf.'ii — iiiMncyai.J  O'xk-li^'ht-  stench."*  from  human  sacrifices,  '*wai 

in/.     III«  itchin::  [i.ihii  \v.\*  boon  hel<i  more  intolerable  than  io  the  slanghtcr- 

out  tluinkfullv  to  all  jinrilt.-.     Ho  af-  houses  of  Cast ilo." 
rc<.-t.<:  jiiL'ty,  :inil  if  a<'<*u.^'l  I't  licciitiou<-         But,  let  U5  do  the  splendid  savorc! 

i:c.vi.     Ibr  h:i«  b-'-.n  the  i-h-l  of  ovorv  justice — let  u<  jivc  them  the  due  wLjcI 

jisirty  in  Moxico,  ha*  botrayo'l.  i:»  hated  we  are  proverbially  enjoined  not  ta 

bv.  :in'l  rruKiiiii' tho  nt.i^ter  of.  all.    \\<:  wi(hh«iM  from  the  Father  of  Cruelti 

\\ii^  i»ri.fr-i>cil  every  pli:i?o  of  iKiIitic<>  hini>elf.     The  .«acriiices  sujierin tended 

for  tne  .«:ikc  of  retaining' power,  and  ho  by  Mexii\'in  priests  wore  s*>lely  those 

is  stnm;rly  su-ii-jcto'l,  all  I'l-publii-an  as  of  s;icnlei:ioiis  captives  made  in  wnr; 

he  \*  fur  the  mtnce.  of  bein<r  stronply  ami  we  )lo  not  lind  that  on  this  parti- 

iurliiii:d  to  rai^e  an  inii>v;rial  thmne  in  cular  point  the  SpanianLs  after  OTcr- 

Afcxirci,  nn<l  olicrinnr  a  con-ort*!!  st?at  turning  the  ima«;e  of  him  whose  name 

thiTcoii  to  a  dau;;htL'r  of  Mnnuz  an^l  M<;nifieil  that  he  was  *•*'  the  creator  of 

Chri'>tin:i.      Thi^  •iocnis  wild  enough :  the  worM  and  its  providential  watcher," 

but  for  the  rrgioi),  the  pooplo.  and  the  with   truer   precept    exhibitetl    niudi 

man  who  mi^^'ovcnij  them,  tin.*  wilile>t  brighter  example.  Ifiiuatoinozin,  some 

drrarri>  :i.-«uinc  the  air  of  the  jrnivest  three  centuries  ago,  offered  to  the  god 

probitbility.     To  the  salioiit  ]ioints  of  of  victory  t!ie  hearts  of  invaders  who 

^iL'xican  romance  we  will  now  brivtly  had  desecrated  the  temple  and  thesoili 

ndvLTt.  we  cannot  see  that  he  is  obnoxious  to 

It  i:<  now  r.'tthi^r  mure  tluiu  three  more    virtuous   indignation    than   the 

ci-nt'irirs  and  a  quarter  ::;,'o  since  Diaz  savaue    but  ortlio«lox    Iturbide,  who, 

nml  di'  ( Mimrdo  r^u^lik'nly  ronverte<l  the  within  our  own  remembrance,  on  Good 

(ib>tiii:itiM«lani1iT:<  of  Cozumt'l  by  de-  rRinvv,   Ibl-*,  ordered    ''three  hun- 

Ntniylnjf  tln»  idols  ami  erecting  in  their  drc<l  excommunicated  wretches  to  be 

»»l«-ul  I  In*  iiii:i;;rM  of  thi;  Virgin  and  her  shot,  in  hmour  of  the  <hiy!^ — the  said 

Son.     \\\\  belii.'ve  it  i.--  a  fact  that  the  '*wretehes"  Iteing  excommunicated  bj 

deHr«;ndiinlsof  those  Indians  have  made  rebel  priests,  the  confederates  of  the 

i:i«i..  -..  .1  I    -.  .1  .1     _     •,-  C'hrii^tian  soMier  in  his  treason  airainst 


litth*  red  iinic;n'>s  In-ynnd  the  ]Mi<ition 
to  ivhiih  tln-ir  iMi/zled  jinf'L'.-'tors  were 


puzzled  jinf'L'.-tors  were  his  king!     The  allejied  crime  of  Gua- 

broij-^lit  by   the  cluiphiiiis  of  Corluz.  temozin,  in  slaving  foreign  enemies  on 

or  till-  hundri'd  mul  fifty-thnrc  tiihcs  the  abars  of  his  avenging  deities,  may 

of  Indians  ^lill  existing,  there  an?  few  have  drawn  less  tears  from  those  weep- 

who  i*  ni»;mlMT'<  do  not  jnivaU'ly  ilo  ing  angels  that  the  poet  speaks  of,  than 

lioiicigi*  to  t  Inir  .inriiMit  tutelary  deities,  did  the  atrocious  pageant  of  the  Catho- 

Tln'y  iiri"  liki'  iIiom;  (Vylomsse  who,  in  lie  vicen)y  All)U(iuerque,when,  in  1651>, 

adopting  a  iH'w  fjiith,  tlo  not  .^-urron^ler  he  presided  at  the  great  festival,  the 

tin*  ojfl  >np<'i.xtitinn,  and  who  make  of  chief  feature  in  which  w.is  the  burning 

tin*  one  an  *»outriggi.'r"  that  may  serve  of  fifty  human  victims  by  order  of  the 

tiK'iii  f'houlil  <'Vrr  .Htfirmy  tiine.H  :j<:Jail  go«lIy  and'ruria! 

tin- otlMT.  Tin?  whole  matter  is  well  Jt' must  have  puzzled  the  Indians 
illii-HtiMtrd  liy  the  remark  of  u  modern  against  whom  death  was  decreed  for 
Azti'c  to  a  Ibmiihh  prie>,t  :  "  Vtui  have  looking  with  a  little  linjrering  love  to- 
given  lis,"  said  the  swarthy  waverer,  wards  the  altars  of  the  old  8uj)erstition, 
"three  ('xeellent  gods,  but  I  do  not  see  to  see  the  teachers  and  disciples  of  a 
why  yon  should  not  leave  us  some  of  better  faith  casting  themselves  in  the 
on r  own."  dust  before  those  sacred  images,  and 

imploring  them  to  avert  the  scourge  of 


riie  good  eh.'iplains  of  th»5  pious 
(ortyz  were  espee.ially  shoeked  at  the 
religious  .HjieiificeM  of  th»!  Aztecs,  when 


small -pox.  The  Viceroy  Tlores,  in 
.  .  „-.,  ....v..  1787,  advocated  the  massacre  of  hos- 
tile SpaiiHh  eaptives  were  stretehed  on  tile  Indians.  Dc  Hranciforte,  a  year 
the  saered  stones  of  tluj  T.-oealli,  their  or  two  subsequently,  fired  salutes  m 
hearts  torn  out  and  ijres(rnte<l  to  "  the  honour  of  the  Virgin,  and  took  olF 
leathery  serpent,"  while  tlnrir  mutilated  hat  whenever  he  mentioned  the  M 
remains  were  cast  down  from  the  great  of  his  king,— but,  with  all  his  rcr 


1858.] 


^/™ 


•yandu  on  Mexico. 


5481 


anil  Inyallj,  lie  wn9  n  stupiriiilinia 
airindttr,  nnd  so  ingenious  in  cruelty 
aa  to  liave  luft  a  name  covered  with 
iiirniny  cvcu  in  Mexico.  The  Cliristinn 
generals  who  fought  in  the  irar  of 
indepcnclance  wei'o  too  often  ns  bad 
as  Brnncirurtc.  This  butcher  cut  not 
Idm  than  fouTteen  thousand  throats  in 
the  market-place  of  Guanajuato.  Men, 
vomen,  and  children,  the  defenceless 
inhabitants  of  the  place  -were  thus 
slau^btCTcd  at  •the  fountain, — not  that 
CalliL'a  psrticuinrly  loved  to  behold 
lilooa,  but  Ilint  he  realij  nas  too  ill- 

Srovided  irjth  ammunition  to  Jespntch 
isvictimabjpowderandshot.  Surely 
the  stench  of  this  ChriBlian  butchery 
at  the  polluted  springs  of  Guanajuato 
was  not  less  ofTensive  to  the  recording 
nngel  who  registered  the  deeil  limn 
was  that  which  so  disgusted  the  re- 
fined Diaz  in  the  Mexican  temple, 
more  redolent  of  gore  than  the  slaueh- 
t«r-hou8csof  Castille  P  Was  the  enuic 
of  the  heathen  and  ignorant  emperor  a 
greater  outrage  in  the  eye  of  the  Lord 
of  Mercy  than  that  of  this  piously- 
reared  Calliga,  whd,  in  1811,  coofly 
ordetcd  the  extermination  of  the  inha- 
bitintc  of  every  town  or  village  that 
showed  mmptonu  of  adherence  to  the 
rebels?  Which  was  the  more  practical 
Christian,  Guutemozin,  who  slew  he- 
cause  he  had  been  taught  that  to  kill 
an  enemy  was  to  servo  God,  or  this 
same  Calfi";a  ngoin,  who  celebrated  tlic 
New  Yeorsday  of  1 812  by  dccimoling 
the  inhabitants  of  Saltepec,  and  rnaiag 
the  whole  of  the  citj,  save  the  con- 
vent* nnd  the  churches — in  one  of 
which  ho  outraged  high  Heaven  by 
celebrating  k  Te  Devm  in  honour  nf 
Lis  sanguinary  achievement  ?  Similar 
atrocities  were  committed  by  him  in  ho- 
nour of  heaven  and  loyally  at  Cuantla 
de  Amilpas,  and  iudeed  wherever  the 
chances  of  war  proved  favourable  to 
his  arms.  It  must  have  been  with  the 
rcmeinbranee  df  men  like  Catliga  is 
liis  mind  that  the  illogical  Indian  pro- 
te«ted  to  a  bigldy-scandolised  priest, 
that  he  would  prefer  bell  with  his  bro* 
thcr  heathens  to  paradise  in  partner- 
ship with  orthodox  Spaniards.  The 
nnnnia  of  the  lost  years  of  the  expiring 
Viceroyalty  ore  crowded  with  the  re- 
'•'"^  ft  cruelty  like  those  I  have 
">e.  It  is  unneccfsary  to 
irder  to  prove  ihnl  the 
little   for   practising 


what  they  profcsncil,  and  that  thej 
were  so  far  worse  thou  the  MexicKt 
aborigines,  at  whose  cruelty  they  cx- 

Kessed  much  intense  horror  j  that,  with 
tter  instruction,  they  were,  for  the 
most  part,  more  cruel  savages  to  their 
own  brethren  than  were  tiuattimoxin 
and  his  people  to  the  few  captive 
Spaniards  wnom  they  swiftly  slew. 
While  we  condemn  both,  however,  let 
us  not  be  too  eager  to  boast  that  the 
cruelties  alluded  to  were  characteristki 
of  heathenism  or  popery  exdusivelv. 
The  massacre  of  Gleneoe  alone  would 
he  sudicient  to  annihilate  such  a  boast. 
On  the  other  hand,  let  us,  rather  than 
occupy  ourselves  with  the  laboriously 
idle  occupaliott  of  drawing  compan- 
sons,  cite  a  fact  that,  in  the  pemon  of 
the  principal  individual  concerned 
therein,  does  honour  to  human  nature. 
In  1812,  Bravo,  the  rebel  chief,  took 
Fulmar  hy  storm,  and  the  three  hun- 
dred captives  who  fell  into  his  power 
were  o tiered  by  him  to  the  Viceroy 
Vcnegas,  in  exchange  for  his  father, 
Don  Leonardo  Bravo.  The  Ticeroy 
replied  to  the  ofl'er  by  ordering  the 
immediate  execution  of  the  sire  of  the 


ike  revenge  for  the  bloody  and  u 
cessary  deed,  by  instantly  liberating 
oil  Ills  prisoners ; — he  was  the  more 
eager  that  they  should  be  Irce  and  be- 

{ond  his  power,  because,  in  the  first 
itt«mess  of  his  grief  and  his  fury,  lie 
felt  nn  irrcsistiblo  temptation  to  slajr 
lliem  all,  to  avenge  his  parent's  death. 
It  was  better  avenged  ns  it  was;  and 
the  name  of  Bravo  will  not  only  rcoal 
the  glorious  dee<],  but  will  serve  to 
souud   the   never-dying  echoes  of  its 

It  has  been  remarked  as  a  singula! 
circumstance,  and  one  illustrative  of 
the  injustice  of  Spain  towards  Mexico, 
that  of  the  five  doxeu  and  two  vice- 
roys who  represented  tlio  majesty  of 
Iberia  between  the  two  oceans,  only 
one  was  a  native  of  the  province.  The 
numbers  of  royal  governors  I  have 
variously  sinted  at  being  uxty-two  and 
sixty-three.  The  difference  arises  fron 
a  reason  similar  to  that  which  affeotl' 
the  roll  of  the  popes,  according  as  hiS' ' 
toriaiis  admit  to  or  exclude  from  the 
list  the  name  of  Pope  Joan.  So  widi 
regard  to  Iho  viceroys.  In  1810, 
Vcncgas  was  so  utterly  perplexed  by 
the  breaking  out  of  the  revolution  of 


550 


Memoranda  on  Mexico. 


[Dec. 


that  year,  that  he  solemnly  resigned 
lui  office  to  the  Virgin  of  Los  Keme- 
dioB,  who  was  installed  in  his  place, 
but  who  was  bj  no  means  successful 
in  lier  goyemment,  or  happilj  served 

a r  those  who  exercised  office  in  her 
ortrioQS  name.  Our  Ladj  of  Keme« 
dies  luid  none  for  the  Mexican  disease. 
Hie  latter  was  mortal,  and  the  Ticeror- 
aUps  were  put  up  for  sale,  as  was  the 
Boman  empire  in  the  days  of  its  irre- 
trierable  decadence.  Very  few  indeed 
of  those  who  executed  that  office  ful- 
filled it  to  the  honour  or  advantue  of 
the  oountrj,  or  to  the  profit  of  any 
iadiTiduals  but  themselves.  The  object 
WIS  to  acquire  wealth  speedily  and 
liaatwi  home  to  spend  it.  The  com- 
ttereial  laws  which  they  dispensed 
mined  the  province  without  perma- 
nendv  benenting  the  mother-country. 
I%e  iormer  could  purchase  only  of  the 
•  latto^,  and  every  article  was  subjected 
to  a  duty  each  time  that  it  changed 
hands.  Forei^  ships  venturing  to 
tondi  at  Mexican  ports  were  liable  to 
aeisnre,  and  they  who  dared  to  trade 
with  any  captain  or  supercargo  who 
did  not  sail  in  a  Spanish  bottom  di^  so 
with  the  penalty  of  death  menacing 
tibem^  from  the  columns  of  the  com- 
BMrcial  code  I  The  very  dives  and 
vinu  were  rooted  up,  because  the 
Cadiz  merchants  complained  that  their 
cnltivation  especially  affected  their 
wine  trade — and  whole  districts  were 
left  nncultivated  and  water-power  neg- 
lected, simply  that  the  Spanish  traders 
m^t  grow  rich  at  the  cost  of  the 
!M^can  people.  The  government  re« 
girded  the  education  of  that  people 
with  a  species  of  ridiculous  horror. 
The  gold  which  Mexico  paid  back  for 
being  systematically  oppressed  and 
ftadiously  kept  in  the  most  besotted 
%norance,  corrupted  Spain  and  helped 
Iwr  to  her  downfall  among  nations. 
For  all  her  misgovcmment,  however, 
Mexico  had  as  great  rcvenj^ ;  and  if 
Cortes  and  his  Spaniards  introduced 
small-pox  into  the  country,  the  daugh- 
ters of  the  land  returned  the  compli- 
ment with  compound  interest.  But  of 
the  ladies  I  will  speak  anon ;  let  us,  in. 
tlie  meantime,  look  for  a  moment  at 
the  figure  of  their  lord. 

Montezuma  must  be  acknowledged 
to  bave  been  "  every  inch  a  l^ingr 
•OBHething  effeminate,  perfatms,  ujce 
Sardana^OB, — as  foivd  of  liiei  bat  ai 


weary  of  the  trouble  to  which  he  was 
put  m  preserving  it.  He  lived  in  a 
splendid  city,  and  on  the  terraced 
roofs  of  his  own  palace  thirty  knights 
coidd  have  found  place  for  tilt  and 
toomament.  He  possessed  terrible 
armories,  huge  granaries,  glittering 
aviaries,  howUnff  menageries,  and  a 
museum  in  whicn  he  had  "  collected 
all  the  human  deformities  which  nature 
had  erred  in  making."  The  palace 
gardens  were  a  terrestrial  paimdise; 
uie  imperial  halls  were  worthy  of  a 
potentate  so  powerful  and  so  revered, 
wherein  to  keep  his  state;  and  there 
were  bowers  and  boudoirs  withal  where- 
in a  thousand  Aztec  Pompadours  main- 
tained *a  dignity  which  brought  with 
it  no  shame.  The  barbaric  Solomon 
reigned  in  peace  the  lord  of  so  many 
separate  affections.  We  do  not  know 
how  tiie  rivab  of  the  hour  settled  their 
differences,  but  in  more  civilized 
coontries  such  an  establishment  would 
have  been  productive  of  more  noise 
than  arose  from  the  menagerie  itself. 
The  emperor  fed  daintily  on  costly 
fkre  served  with  a  world  of  ceremony. 
In  all  his  epicurean  tastes  he  was  a 
gentleman ;  in  all,  save  one.  He  had 
a  little  foible,  and  would  occanonally, 
it  fs  said,  not  disdain  to  cat  a  small 
portion  of  a  nicely  baked  baby.  It 
was  a  sensual  indulgence  only  enjoyed 
on  high  festivals,  and  the  people 
goienuly  are  said  by  Diaz  to  have 
been  as  fond  of  the  dainty  dish  as 
was  their  master.  He  was,  moreover, 
a  careful  dresser,  and  a  dean.  He 
certainly  possessed  the  virtue  that  is 
said  to  be  next  to  godliness.  IVo- 
bably  none  of  his  contemporary  brother 
monarclis  in  Europe  were  so  constant 
in  their  ablutions.  Four  times  diuly 
he  changed  his  apparel,  and  never  put 
on  again  the  dress  he  had  once  worn, 
or  defiled  his  ]ii»  twice  with  the  same 
vessels  from  wtiich  he  fed.  What  a 
fortune  he  must  have  been  to  his  valet 
and  steward!  and  how  much  more 
cleanly  a  master,  in  every  respect,  had 
they  than  the  Due  de  Saint  Simon, 
whose  soverei^  lord  Louis  XIV.  never 
missed  mass,  indeed,  but  once  in  his 
life, — ^but  who  changed  his  royal  shirt, 
even  as  he  shaved,  only  on  alternate 
^yi,  and  took  medicine  of  a  morning 
from  the  hand  of  Scarron*s  old  widow, 
talUng  the  while  after  a  fashion  that 
wodld  bave  made  Montezuma  blush. 


r 


Memoranda  on  Mexico- 


Ykw  of  Ihe  attendant  cbnracteristica 
of  civilisation  were  iranting  in  tlia 
Axiec  empire.  There  were  capital 
puniehinento,  a  itandin^  annj,  conli- 
nuntal  wars,  prisoDs  thicklj  tenanted, 
and  tlie  sale  of  alimulaling  drinks  to 
the  thousaudii  who  loved  to  purcbase 
snub  an  eiysiuiu  na  such  beverage  could 
give. 

If  we  maj'  judge,  aa  doubtlcaa  wu 
may  truly  jud>{>;,  from  tlic  pages  of 
Prescott  aud  Brantz  Mayer,  tlie  civill> 
sation  of  Montezuma  and  hiu  Mexicans 
was  not  of  a  ijuality  that  Cortex  and 
bis  followers  bod  uiuch  rliclit  to  carp 
at.  Allowing  for  aonie  objectionable 
salient  points,  tbo  necessary  results  of 
UQCon  tnillable  circumatanoes,thecourt, 
conip,  and  city  of  Uusico  were  as 
decent  a  court,  aa  cleanly  a  camp,  and 
quite  as  moral  a  city,  as  could  have 
beoii  found  lu  Europe — in  Engliind, 
France,  Spain,  or  Italy — ul  that  time. 
If  the  Mexicans  paid  uliuost  divine 
honours  to  their  eiii|>orDr,  so  at  (he 
same  moment  did  our  English  peers 
viae  when  the  words  "  soured  majesty  " 
were  pronounced,  and  bow  to  the 
throne  or  to  ibo  deiui-gud  that  sat 
thereon.  Uonte^tuuia  wus  certainly 
more  gallant  to  the  fair  than  our  Henry, 
and  his  subjects  would  have  been  in- 
dignant had  they  been  asked  to  pay 
such  funereal  houours  to  iheir  ionl  as 
went  paid  by  heathen  priests  iu  Chris- 
tian babils  to  the  body  of  Uie  defunct 
and  oCensivel''ranuisl.  Spain  accused 
the  Aztec  poopte  of  cruelty  to  the  in- 
vaders; but  the  latter  experienced 
more  courtesy,  and  humanity  too,  at 
the  hands  of  the  invailcd  people  than 
had  been  occurdvd,  so  recently  too,  by 
Sputa  herself  lo  the  Moors  who  bad 
established  themsuivoi  upon  the  Iberian 
soil.  As  for  a  contrast  between  Italy 
and  Mexieo,  it  won,  always  saving  one 
or  two  exceptional  cases,  greatly  in 
favour  uf  our  Transatlantic  friends. 
Their  priests  were  beyond  the  reach  of 
the  liglit  that  saves  and  purifies,  but 
there  was  not  to  be  found  among  them 
a  chief  like  Leo  X.,  who  gloried  in 
bci  ng  more  of  a  philosopher  than  of  a 
priest,  who  laughed  at  his  own  igno- 
rance of  spiritual  things,  and  whose 
'"mnce  of  manners  and  wealth  of 
Mr  wisdom 

•woU  and  poverty  of 


State  Paper  OlHce  has  just  delifered 
for  the  public  cdificatioa  the  account 
of  the  intrieues  by  which  WoUey  did 
not  rcaeli  tTjc  popodoni.  The  most 
pungent  trait  tbercin  is  that  of  the 
Cardinals,  who,  ailer  ewenring  to  vote 
for  our  Ipsvricb  friend,  retired  to  a 
chapel,  mutually  absolved  each  other 


iromthesin  of  perjury,  and  then  went 
aud  voted  for  Wolscy  a  rival,  Clemenl. 
llud  this  detestable  drama  been  enacted 
by  the  Lake  of  Tezcuoo,  what  aorrj    ' 
pagan    suoundi-ds    should    we    have  j 
deemed  the  actors. 

It  is  the  boast  of  France  that  h«C 
cooks  have  six  hundred  and  eighty-fiye  4 
ways  of  dressing  (£gst    The  "cheft  J 
de  boucfae"  of  Uontezuma  had  not 


held  ill  respect  the  Ax  tec  guild  at 
cuianitrs.  "  Tlie  cooks  of  the  iinperial 
kitchen  had  upwards  of  thirty  different 
ways  of  dressing  meat,  and  they  had 
earthen  vessels  so  eoutrived  as  to  keep 
the  viands  constantly  hot"  I  have 
spoken  of  the  cincureanism  of  Monte- 
Euma  and  his  people  with  regard  to 
the  Aeah  of  young;  chilUrca.  It  is  due 
to  the  emperor  to  state  that  at  the 
remonstrance  of  Cortec  he  abandoned 
lliis  little  gastronomic  propensity.  The 
Spaniard  told  him  that  it  was  a  sin, 
and  Montezuma  thought  il,  like  manj 
sins  we  have  a  mind  to,  'luito  as  plea- 
sant OS  it  was  improper.  The  assertioo 
that  to  pick  a  bit  of  dairy-fed  baby  ww 
anuncleanlluess  that  Heaven  abhorred, 
would  have  doubly  puazled  him  had 
lie  known  that  there  was  a  whole  na- 
tion of  Christians  given  to  the  greedily 
devouring  of  the  hideous  frog,  and  thai 
supereminently  pious  euipresscs  of 
Germany  were  addicted  now  and  then 
Id  d  ving  of  a  surfeit  of  snails. 

Aloiitexumii  at  meat  was  a  sight  to 
be  seen,  |iad  the  monarch  only  allowed 
it.  But  this  matter  was  treated  witli 
sufficient  detail  in  our  lost  number. 
(Joe  singular  feature  of  the  feast  m^y, 
however,  be  alluded  to,  namely,  toe 
presence  of  the  "  aiioicut  lords,  whs 
stood  by  the  throne,  and  to  whom 
Montezuma,  from  time  to  time,  spoko 
or  addressed  questions,  aud,  as  a  maik 
of  particular  favour,  Dave  to  each  i]>F 
tfacm  a  plate  of  that  which  he  wot  eat- 
ing.   "  1  was  told  that  these  old  lords. 


The  Eiiglisli     counsellurs  aud  judges,"  aod  very  pro- 


552 


Jiemoramda  oa  Jfenoo. 


[Dtt. 


per  pcrfonv  to  aiJuiIaifUrr  the  nnce 
of  win^jorii  to  th«  ban'juetin^  lather 
of  Life  fje^'*]'''*.*.  It  rc-iiiin'if  one  of  tlie 
«UMi«.'r4  at  (.\irltryrt  Hou>«.  when  1 1  urn- 
UJ'it  wiis  w.rit  to  5f'a.^^n  the  Kegent'j 
ffrfttiraU  with  the  e^serice  of  bU  ex  tie- 
ru'iirt:  We  remember,  however.  tOAt 
wK«'ri  IlutjiUil'it  $rnirf«l  those  briillAnt 
^r<'ri«rii  h<:  waii  at  leiiift  not  &n  ancient 
lord:  and  it  i-  lai'l  that  the  joroos 
talet  he  toM  were  quite  as  hroa<l  as 
thfj  were  Ion;?.  I  uiii  ufrai'J  that  on 
the  question  of  s<'K:ial  coiiipnnIon?hip 
.Monti.'/ Ulna  wn«  at  uU  event*  not  Uu 
rffine'l  or  dlfUeult  than  the  Uegcnt. 
Ah  for  aft4*r-diiiner  entertainments,  he 
liHtirricd  to  fiirij^ers,  ;?azed  rapturouslj 
at  d:iiiriij;r  ^'''^"1  iiiH|H'c ted  dwarfs,  and 
liii;{h<'d  at  proff-'^ttional  wit*,  for  all  the 
world  a«  though  h<r  had  b«.*en  a  "Most 
(;hri»tinn  "  or  **Mo-t  Cailiolic"  king 
ill  Ix'tti'r  taught  and  more  rcligiou5lj 
((ifh'd  Kunif*e. 

U'hi'ii  ('orfi'Z  tiiad4;ovvrthis  splendid 
Miipin*  to  hit  Spanihh  manter,  lie  con- 
firrri'd   on    th<?   latter  juet    fire  times 
inoKt  tiTiitory  than  that  iiionaroh  had 
Mv.t^w'wM    hy   inhcrllancc.     'Jlie   poi>e 
pronouii«'iMl    the    human    beings   wlio 
ri'kidcd  thcriMii  nn  **  real!/  and  truly 
tiK'ii ;  '*  and  i 'oiti*/.  w(k«i  e.4p<:rialljr eulu- 
)ri*M'<l   Tor  ('onliiliiitiii;(  mj  many  stray 
nhiM'p  to   iUi*.  ('i'o«)kM  of  the  spiritual 
iHutorn   f.pi'iMlily  hrnl   to  dividi;  them 
into  HofkN.     It  wuH  Haid  nt  the  time 
tlmt  th(;  rhnrrli  had  iM'vrr  liad  tru^.T  or 
moic  dlHinl'Ti'.  ted  hoii  than  tliirt  same 
Ifi'rnaiido  ('oilf/.     'I'iit:  ullimate  duJ- 
tiny  of  hiniNi'lf  and   liiiea;;e  Heems  to 
ih'ntroy  the  j^roundli-.-.s  tlniory  of  Car- 
dinal   Wi?f<'inan,  that  the  ^fenerations 
|H'ridi  of  tlione  who  des|K)i]  the  trea- 
niiry  of  tin*  rhnnhi  while.  prosjK.'rity 
nn>r  nnint<'rrunlcd    HueecMsion   render 
KlorioiiN  th(*  lilieral  faithful  who  pour 
into   the    eoilerM    of    the    <'ler;ry    that 
Weh'onie  ^oM   whieli  the  <lesciMidanlH 
of  "the  fiHlierinan"  appear  to  e.stimate 
at   NOinethin;(    more    than    iln   value. 
Tln'ie  never  exi.»«t«Ml  on   earth  a  man 
who  HO  enriehed  a  truly  (^atholie  king, 
or   who   eHtabliHhed   ho   wealthily  en- 
dowed a  ehurth,  as  (Jorlt'Z  <lid  by  the 
eon(|ue«t  of  Mexieo.     His  rewani  was 
perHeeulion,  d«?spo!iation,  ami  captivity 
whih-  livin;^-  the  perishing  of  his  race, 
on<l  the  ejoetioii  of  his  body  from  the 
grave  afllor  ilealh. 

Cortez  died  nt  Coatilleja  de  la  Cuofltn, 
near  Seville,  on  the  2nd  December. 
1 


1S47.    HelittlotdenediB  hiswilltb: 
ifhedkdin  Spun  hk  bodTihooIdl^ 
within  its  wl  fur  teo  Tern  u^  be 
then  reiuoTed  to  a  final  reidii^p|ie? 
among  the  Franctscftn  nuns  of  LaCcfi- 
cercioD,  for  vhom  he  hftd  fbnsded  1 
splendid  house  in   Cajoacan.    SfU 
retAinei  his    bones    for   npvaidi  d 
eighty  year!.     TTicy  were  tben  tna«- 
port^'to  the  citr  of  Mexico,  when 
they  Uy  in  a  chapel  of  the  choreh  J. 
St-'Fraiocis  for  the  long  period  of  goe 
hundred  and  sixty -fire  years.    It  w» 
not  till  17M  that  his  dust  was  owe 
again  moved,  this  time  to  the  dmre^ 
of  the  Hospital  of  Jesus,  which  Gvtez 
himself  had  built.     Thej  did  not  ksts 
so  lie  in  peace.     ^Vlien  the  TeroIatidD 
broke  out — a  reTolotion  in  which  the 
clergy  took  so  prominent  and  so  im- 
portant a  part — there  was  a  Tindictrre 
feeling  against  ail  Spaniards,  liTiag  or 
dead.    The  Aztec  pagans  respected  the 
last  home  even  of  a  dead  enemy.  The 
Catholic  Mexicans,  der^  led,  had  no 
such  reTcrence  even  for  the  dust  oft 
man  to  whom  the  nation  may  be  siid 
to  have  owed  its  existence,  and  the 
church  her  unparalleled  wealth.    The 
infuriate  but  orthodox  mob  rushed  to 
tear  the  almost  sacred  relics  from  the 
grave ;  and  they  intended,  alYer  bum- 
ing  them  at  San  Lazaro,  to  scatter  the 
hated  ashes  to  the  winds.   PriTate  zesl, 
however,   foile<l    the    popular  wralh. 
When  the  mob  advanced  to  do  their 
work,  neitiier  monument,  tablet,  nor 
remains  of  the  conqueror  were  there 
on  which  to  iullict  their  devil-fed  and 
blind   revenge.     How   they   were  re- 
moved,   or   whither   they   have   been 
taken,  no  one  knows ;  and  this  lack  of 
knowleilge   is   but  sorry  warrant  for 
the  unsupported   assertion,  or  rather 
supposition,  that  *Uherc  is  reason  to 
believe  that  at  length  they**  (mortality 
and  monument)  **  repose  in  peaceful 
concealment  in  the  vaults  of  the  family 
in  Italy."     1^%  concealment  ?    What 
vaults  ?     What  family,   and    where  ? 
The  ^lontileones  of  Sicily,  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  family  of  Cortez,  do 
not  boast,  I  bolieve,  of  poi«3e5sing  the 
remains  of  the  grout  conqueror ;  and, 
if  thev  know  not  of  his  tuiub,  who  shall 
say  where  the  hero  reposes  ?    The  last 
grave  of  Coitez  as  much  <1^—  ♦Wi  an* 
ti({uarian  zeal   for  disc 
that  of  Alaric  the  Go* 
tho  Ilua  t 


1 853.  J 


iHKjiioranrlit  on  Mexico. 


S5A 


It  is  naid  ol'  a  great  Eastern  poli:ii- 
IfltG  that  whenever  he  iienrd  of  at\j 
event  nicked  of  impulse  and  terrible 
of  re«ult  lie  always  exdaioied  "  Who 
a  ahc?""  The  qnestion  had  reference 
to  the  illustriouii  speaker's  conviction 
that  a  woman  was  at  the  bottom  of 
liverj  incident  by  which  perplexity 
Tiaa  brought  upon  the  world.  Had 
his  ijuery  been  raised  as  the  phases  of 
Mexican  story  have  developed  theni- 
selve!!,  it  would  have  been  met  with 
prompt  reply  and  a  lady's  name.  All 
historians  agree  Ihul,  bold  as  wero  the 
followers  of  the  great  victor,  the  latter 
would  have  had  another  catHstrophe 
to  tell  of  but  for  the  f  houaamls  of  In- 
dians who  helped  to  gain  the  triumph, 
not  because  they  were  IHcuds  to  the 
invaders,  but  liecause  Ihey  were  at 
feud  with  the  invaded,  lliia  is  true. 
Whenever  the  plague  prevails  in  the 
Eust,  the  olllieted  sons  of  Islam  beseech 
lluaven  to  relieve  their  locality  and 
send  the  scourge  to  the  next  town. 
So  the  first  tribes  who  encountered 
Cortex  DO  sooner  felt  his  po<wer  thnn, 
by  way  of  escajnng  from  its  consc- 
i]uenccs,  they  pointed  out  to  him  the 
wealthy  and  hated  tieishboar,  to  plunder 
anddecimute  whom  they  lent  him  ready 
and  efficient  aid.  Butwoman  had  per- 
haps 05  much  to  clo  indirectly  with 
the  reaull,  as  the  Indinus  had  directly 
bj  means  of  their  arms  and  guidance. 
1  rev loUE  (0  the  expedition  hnvins  been 
entered  upon,  the  fair  Catalina  Xuares 
had  reason  to  iliscovcr  that  the  con- 
sequences of  listening  lo  so  gallant  n 
wooer  as  Cortex  were  not  such  in  her 
cose  as  honest  maiden  would  have  in- 
curred or  welcomed.  From  the  respon- 
sibility attached  to  such  consequences 
the  invincible  soldier  ran  away,  as 
lri|;htciicd  and  as  faithless  ns  modem 
country  bumpkin  scared  by  the  re- 
proaches of  a  betrayed  fair  one,  and 
the  terrors  of  a  maj^istrates'  meeting. 
Hernando  was  bmught  to  return  anil 
marry  the  too  confiding  Catalina  bj 
power  of  argument  something  akin  to 
that  which  inlluenced  Sganarelle  in 
the  " Marriage  Forcfi."  Iconnot  help 
thinking  that,  gnod  wife  as  he  acquired 
by  lht«  union,  there  was  long  aitcr  it 
ft  rinud  on  his  brow,  which  he  thought 
•iwtl  by  activity,  and  the  aequi- 
Tnalth  in  the  pursuits  of  the 
The  ruthless  lover  wore 
"ue  the  bonds  of 


iiiiilrraiony,  and  when  the  Indtaus  of 
Yncatan  presented  hiiu  with  a.  Ecore  of 
female  slaves,  they  i>robitbly  knew  the 
commodity  which,  next  to  gold,  most 
pleased  him.  Out  of  these  twenty  he 
selected  the  crown,  in  the  person  of 
the  dusky  Mariana,  who  was  quick  of 
eye  and  of  intellect,  warm  of  heart, 
and  ready  to  give  all  its  warmth  to 
cherish  the  conqueror  before  whom 
the  men  of  her  trit>e  icil  as  com  before 
the  sickle.  She  appears  to  have  been 
OS  clever  as  she  was  undoubtedly  beui- 
tifiil ;  OS  bold  as  she  was  loving ;  nnd 
willing  to  expend  courage  and  aCTcc- 
tion  in  the  cause  and  for  the  personal 
sake  of  the  Spanish  captain,  who  looked 
upon  her  as  nn  instrument,  and  finallj 
llung  her  away  as  a  toy  of  which  be 
was  wearied.  She  shared  hb  tent, 
and  the  apostle  of  the  Cross  went  for- 
ward towm  gold  for  himself,  and  souls 
for  the  church,  with  a  heathen  for  his 
"  light  o'  love."  The  connectJon  must 
have  sorely  puzile<l  a  people  who 
looked  upon  such  matters  with  abhor- 
rence, and  (punished  adultery  with  a 
rigimr  at  which,  no  doubt,  the  Chria- 
tinn  invaders  blushed  or  laughed.  The 
crime  was  not  converted  into  a  virtue 
W  the  bBptismof  the  Indian  pararaonr. 
Previously  to  this  solemnity,  Mariana 
had  been  as  little  popular  with  the 
orthodox  followers  of  the  general  aa 
the  Popish  Dnchess  of  Tortemouth  ia 
Charles's  days  was  with  the  "  Rc- 
fiirined"  people  of  England;  but  when 
she  ocknowleilged  the  true  foitb,  the 
same  followers  hailed  the  oriktidux 
concubine  with  as  much  delight  as  the 
rigid  Knglish  Protestants  manifested 
at  sight  of  that  excmplnry  church- 
woninn  Nell  Gwynne.  The  converted 
lady  now  went  forth  doubly  armed. 
She  was  soon  capable  of  acting  as 
interpreter  between  the  contending 
or  dcliberatijig  foes,  and  wherever 
slaughtcrorcouiiBcl  was  going  forward 
she  was  ever  found  at  the  side  of  1 
Cortex,  aiding  in  the  desta'uction  of  ■ 
her  own  and  her  brethren's  fiiir  landij^  I 
and  receiving  as  her  rcwnnl  what  tba  1 
poor  jgirl  thought  wos  love,  but  wbli  ^ 
was,  in  truth,  as  little  like  it  as  pos- 
sible. Nil  one  knew  this  better  tliau 
Cortex  himself,  who  had  i 
wearied  of  his  young  interpreter  and 
secretory  than,  taking  frotn  her  tlioir 
SOD  (whose  deaccndants  were  rulers  ia 
the  land  of  their  mother,  Mariana),  he 
4B  ■ 


I 


.K>^                                   Memot'ouda  vu  Jfejtico,                                [Dec. 

i>v.  .^...1  iu.  I.-  u.v  . ..:.;./;  *..  .»nJ  con-  valle  had  one  fair  daughter  (Manueli 

\oniv:.-.   lV:i  M.irt;:;  Xuii.^rliL^  who  Tnsbue^U    j   Casasola),    married   to 

t ^ .  'x  ; :     '. . 41 1 V  >v !  -  *.;  u :  tu ;  ^  j '. v : n^ ;««  ;ind  Gonoral  M  igucl  Barra^n,  some  time 

nith  wi.  v..  ^:.-  ilxc  I  wiilui'::  ri^'ax\l.  rre<JiU-nt  uf  the  Mexican  RepnUir. 

l...  Ml  \A..v.  i...:A*>  ^(.r.-.i'ally.  wLv.Mi  In   the   struggle   wiili     Spain,    which 

\\»c'.,   \  ..^  . -..  I>  W-. :..   >LLi^!.!(rL-'!.  u^i-  cudi-vl  in  uiaEuig  a  so-called  republic 

1  v\ . ;        :..%.■  :\  - : ji : .  .^i  ;  i.  ^  ii .  -.  1  ^  v>,  w  i ih  ol*  the  old  splendid   Tice-rojalty,  the 

A  >  :*  :..i>^!  r.  \::.i'.  -:njL'k>  >!  r-..\Uiu'>s  last  rironghold  retained  by  the  Spt- 

to  :lu    IV.!-   ..*. !  ;hi.-  w.^  !:.;;  uf  th_'  nianl>   wa:»  the   castle   of   San   Jou 

vl'.:  :>.      i'.     -...'\. ';    :.:.•: :!...-^«    shat  d'lr.va.  This, uxv ultima tolj  fell ;  and 

ii;?:;,  :    v.:.     :..:..-'--,    ..:.  i    A.-:«.v  wlitu   ibc   surrender    was    made,  the 

in:.  '.«  ..:..:   w  ]  w>.   i^   .^ ■■::.(.   wives  S*,t:An'.>h    ^^^uimandant     delivered    the 

o:":...                  .-^   I..4:  j^  i  li.*.^.- jvvu-  kt-vs   ii"  ibo   fortress   to  the   ladj  of 

li.ir    ;        :.<•  \\!::t  ..«  ::.-u.i.  ;-..w..r  i  001.-  lit.r.cr.\I  Ilirragan,  the  lineal  descend- 

Tic::   :.  ..^  \  !.<-.:.>..'.':'.-.  inn:. ..I'.v.  ..tbilii  uut  (>i  th^i   Montezuma    from  whom 

or  i*:   :■*:.:.:  p:-.-.\>- w  I..:.  ?:..   :.:..r-  Spin  h.id  wrested   all,  and  to  whoM 

r;..-  ..      -.    :  1:  -,  i... :.  ..v.      ..■  k:..  w-  vbi!  i.  !i.  the  descent  alluded  to,  Spiia 

'.o '.,!:_  ■.".     :."..".  ..  ^:  ■.;.c  I..::-.r.  m.-\^  r.-.-w   xIlIUVi  ihc  last  ivmnant  of  her 

jr.  1              :  .V  :: .. .  :jl..  ■ .  :"..  :^: -.irv.;:.  i-'.d;::;i;iti^b!y-abuse«lcon4ue&t.  Truly, 

S...  :.  iv.                 ■ '. ;:..  :;:.:.  r.  ■::     .v?-  th-, re  1*  a  Ntme*i«  that  is  ever  watch- 

;Ii».  ;  '...:-...:..  vv:  I.-  Kt".  iij-  ::  i^^r.  :"ul.  ..:..;  a  rtiributiTe  Prctvidence  that 

'\.*:....  :  »:  >*..:  :^a:.::.  :..  :ui«!:l*  **  >l.^j«^.>  -.'Ur   i.;.d?*    r\^u^h-hcw    them 

I                        •                                         ■  I                                                   ■-■!•• 

.:.  ^»  .:.   w...  1.   yr  >.:-v-          ;:.  :•  11.1.- ::.:*ULi.oe  iX  ihe  cltzrgv  has  bees 

....  <^  ..:     ^     .  '.     V   :  :.'.  .:  ...:<.  :'i..  :•■.  .k^  rr.->*  ::.  i-*  >iirn  Mexico  ;»$  that  of 

i\\:                    ..- \     :.-  :.  i^.  .  ;.*   .■vi'-j;  xi.».    1. .  i    ;:'.?;k.-»i    was    during   the 

%  ".".x  ".          .:.»::.:..-..:    .  :  :.-:-ri..  A.:-.-.    •.■.?]itr:>ii!.'n.     The  ol*stinaCT  of 

i    .    .\  ..;.'.              :>  ..:"..  ;..■.-?  ^ :.  i:.">  l..:;ir  :■:!??  ;i..x«i  caused  the  ulti- 

\..:       -  ^  .    .-..-.>.     I*:..      :  ;  ..-x  "»-*  ii...:..  : -"r.  .:;'::•.•»..  unirr.  The  bisotrf 

lii.    1...:.":           .  \»..r.        '. •  *\.,  w':.i:;  s.l  i  \^.  r.'.'.M.'-i:  ii' iLcIr  successors liaTe 

:>.   ..      .'.-».  ..".  ".  ■  •    ^..  Iv  ....T,  :    .V-:  kij  :  :-i  li:!:*:; ;:;  .^  darkness  scarcelj 

t;.i  .    <    \  -■....:    :..-■..;:  r  .'i  :.:.:.¥c  i».->-  j;".  •.  r.\  il.iii  ;h:-;  of  their  prede- 

i;  :..  "'     «   -   •  •■'  ■     ■■•*-'•  ••■^  ».x-*>. .?       iiv  Ai:-,-;   I'riiL^thood   are 

'.    •  •  '            •          ..  . :  ;^    .;  ;":..  \   .:-  *.■■...>■.•".    •:  .r.*-..:^  ':-.vau?s.    of  the  hn» 

"*  ■    ,...■.>..;■.:?,■'...    .-,..-.  :.i:-.   ^..  :  :...?  :..&..•:    ':v  :Lc:ii    to   the 

«    .  ji'l?      !•..:    ■..  :":-z  £.:>»  ».l  ihe  In<^uisi- 

..,.«   .:   >...>  ;..:.  ;.. •  ri.-.  :_  rv  i.rtl:.-?  iban  c*n  the 

.  "*.^    -:■.:«..:.  >...:  ;....'.  «:::  .     :"  -.i.c  >Iex':izi  war- 


:J 


\  . 


\m 


■■•■  ^ ■. ;    '. :    ..    '-    :.      ...      ..•.    . ;«    .■:.:,•   .-;.'l.. -•■.■.:    :.-i  the 


.*  4 .  . 


\>    « 


I .« . . 


^ « ■  % 


'»■■'■',  '.v.-  Vi".      .  :.  .      ....'....■    -TSl*..     irtvTc.  iilt'l 

«;;  ..-"^-   .'.- :  ;;  /.n*  .,:•.■    .■  .\.:.L''.  .  ~. 1. -i  .-rj  bcrt— 

» •  .«.  «.  .  .        V        .   .*     •  *        «.  ..?       i.^?*^        ikS 

-• .  ■ :  .    .*     ..  :     ._...  ir.  ..:  ..   ..     -•.i\..^     '.    ->    1>;.'J'.^^3^   jij 

^      *.  i.''  :.   ..  .     ......  V  ..■  .'^:  ■..  N..  .  . :  "T ..".:  :.-?  t;;-:  .»  -. '^r  ^wee■•  is 

";'.•> *    I        .■-■■-.    .'  ..-  >■;■•.    ■ :  ". .    '. •.  .^.  ■- .  ■--    ».  "rr-rt-rQ  of 

. .:     .   .  ,^      ''»:;-  .:.■:    ?..»,■>:       ;> ^^.-.r   *  :.  :i   is  has 

.'■     .        .«.  ...       .  ■«-. •■•ft...      •*«...«        ^«..  m^m    .    ■  ..  .      «     I  .      .«.        •    >4  •  ■   •        ^    ■■.  ^    C^*         A4M( 

i».  K.     ..."T.  »,'...    4--,    >..■.•.;!     ;■«;   ■.■.■■!  ..■:"•.■.  .,.1.    .:-.    ..  :..r*   .'.   »!■."    ."■. z.    i<.^»- 

...>..■■>      ■.    V    .;*    .:    .:-:     :..:.•    ...-  ;i:-.*  ^  *:•.  ..      .*.     i -.r. :".»:..".■-:  wijta 

•  -  ■  ■  .  .   •  •  ^"  .■         : :  .    ...   .■^:    ■:  ;j.:  :  .      .:■.'•    -^  ...  .-.  ■  ->.  ws.* 

•  - -  .. .-  >^; *.-.'. '.^\' .  i.'.'..  "■:.'".'.    .     ;-,  •  .1.:  '.  ■.■■.:   . I,  ... ■>!.■?<. 

*>.■.-«  .     .  ti  .;  .     ,.•.      .^^  ..,;;..  **..».-.:.....:      ^*   -      }    iir>tli 

J     :*■•■.     .:    ...*..    :..-..'.;.>  *  lj  :j*. ..-:...•;  .::w:  .  ;.  "iriLLrta 

^y  .  ■■■'■  -^"' --"j;-  ^•.'■-■^4-''.--.fc.N.V'.'-:  a  u^:   <*.    j.i  i    . .  :  »  ..■.■.•.■.  J 


r 


3.) 


Notei  on  MtHaval  Art  m  Franre. 


Mpeci&l  private  utisf^tion,  the;  might  marked  vith  such  ferocltjr  i 

be  pardoned  if  thej  turned  for  tt  nio>  sides  iia  in  Mexico,  and  the  dctitils  on 

ment  to  their  own  deity,  "  The  Ra-  this  point  In  Bnmtti   Mnyer'a  volumes 

tiooal  Owl,"  to  inquire  of  hit  incflkble  reveal  s  page  of  history  well  worth 

wisdom  what  it  alt  meant.  the  «tud/  both  of  divine  and  etates- 

If  we  know  but  tittie  of  the  ancient  man.     iJad  government  in  the  ntate,  ~ 

race,  the  cause  and  the  guilt  thereof  and  as  bail,  if  notworse,in  the  churi^ 

rest  with  the   Romish  Church,  whose  Imvc  combined  to  deprive  Mcxieo  of 

faithful  servant,  Archbishop  Znmarnga,  taking  advantage  of  the  opporlunitr 


committed  to  the  flames  every  Mex- 


his  hands. 

Spain  with  the  Moorish  manuscripts, 
"     ■    n  Father 


ntfere^  her  to  occupy  a  fori'inoat  rank  ^ 
in   the   community  of  natioi 
clergy  especially  hoped  to   1 
stationary  and  staj^nnnt  by  the  ilecres  I 
which  they  obtained  in  1894,  whereby    ' 


free  from  the  responsibility  of  having     it  was  soleinnlv  procluiioed  that  no  | 
similarly  treated  the  writings  of  their     religion    but    that    of    Rome    would 


ndversa'ries.  TTiey  followedthe 
pie  set  them  by  Uie  barbarian  Caliph 
Omar,  when  be  destroyed  the  Alexan- 
drian library;  and  it  is  worthy  of  no- 
lice  that  the  Rev.  Dr.  Cuniming,  iu  a 
recent  work  of  his,  entitled  "  The 
Finger  of  fiod,"  rather  emphatically 
states  that  Omar  did  the  world  good 
service  by  an  act  which  is  generally 
held  to  have  rendered  him  nifanious. 
In  Mexico  even,  the  deed  of  Zuinnrngn 
was  not  so  accounted  of;  but  in  1776, 
the  decree  enjoining  the  clergy  to  satisfied  with  that  possession  only,  they 
study  antiquities  came  too  late:  the  are  preparing  for  Airther  annexation; 
for  doing,  so  with  facility  had     and  they  arc,  probably,  destined  to 


thenceforward  be  permitted  to   exist   ] 
within  the  Mexican  territory.     Ths  J 
ink  of  the  decree  had  scnrcely  becouM  ] 
dry  than  Texas,  the  finest  of  the  Mex- 
ican provinces,  began  to  ciiimble  away, 
and  it  finally  sepamtcd  from  the  McJt* 
ican  dominion.     They  who  can  rcco^ 
nisc  Nemesis  only  when  it  is  conve- 
nient, or  flattering  to  their  prejudices 
to  do  BO,  aficcted  to  see  nothing  in  this 
conseriucncc.     Rut  the  An^lo-Saxon 
.c_i  -^nexed  Texas  v  "   —  *"" 


been  taken  from  them  by  the  local 
bead  of  their  own  church.  The  local 
clergy  have  been  among  tho  firmest 
obstructorsof  the  Government  in  Mex- 
ico at  all  times.  They  could  always 
get  rid  of  a  viceroy  by  accusing  bun 
of  heresy;  and  seldom  indeed  have 
the  people  been  arravcd  against  the 
authorities  without  half-a-doEcn  *'  cu- 
rates" being  found  leading  and  fight- 
ing on  the  popular  side.  In  no  [mrt 
of  the  globe  have  the  contests  between 
the  stat«  and    the    priesthood   boon 


nullify  the  decree  of  1824,  by  raising 
their  pemuncat  standard  on  the  scene 
of  the  victories  of  Cortez,  and  pro- 
claiming toleration  as  one  character- 
istic of  their  occupation.  Not  till  then 
will   Mexico   be   happy,   uscnil,    and 

Crosnerous,  Httberio  she  has  been 
ighly  favoured  by  nature  and  pro 
fouDoly  abused  by  man  j  but  the  hoo: 
is  at  hand  when  man  will  second  v 
turc,  and  inangurate  n  new  era  ii 
ancient  TenocUlitlan. 

J,  DoRAK. 


NOTES  ON  MEDliEVAL  ART  IN  FRANCE. 
N  AMc  V— C  SALONS— TaoY  R  s  — Pa  ai  s — B  iaovais— Ann 

IN  my  last  *  I  lell  my  readers  rcit-  introducetl  here,  and,  i 

iiig  with  me  in  the  aisles  of  Strosburg  would  be  better  to  compare  it  with 

catbedra!,sheiteredfrom  the  scorching  others  of  a  similar  character  suid  lo 

heat  of  noon,  and  perusing  the  story  of  have  occurred  in  earlier  days,  1  wID- ■ 

Our  Lady's  apparition  at  La  Saletle.  defer  it  to  n  separate  consideration.        I 
There  are  some  curious  point*  in  it,         Before  (luittmg  Strosburg,  however  J 

which  are  worthy  of  observation  i  but,  and  passing  the  boundarv  which  sep»*  I 

u  it  would  encumber  my  narrative  if  ral««  Alsace  from  that  wniuh  is  FretuA  J 


556 


Notes  on  MedUeval  Art  in  France, 


[Dec 


in  race  as  ifvcll  as  in  territoxTi  I  will 
notice  a  fact  which  perhaps  illustrntes 
the  uncertainty  and  terror  under  which 
the  inhabitants  of  border-lands  live. 
In  Strasburg,  as  well  as  in  many  other 
of  the  Khine  towns,  it  is  not  uiitre- 
qucnt  to  find  inscriptions  on  the  houses, 
invocations  to  the  Almighty  protection 
against  *^  fire  and  swonl '  — two  evils 
consequent  upon  war,  which  the  his- 
torical records  of  the  Khineland  sho.w 
to  have  been  so  frequent.  One  of  these 
I  copied  from  a  house  in  the  little  town 
of  Oberwintcr.     It  ran  thus : 

Dies  Uauz  stehct  in  Gotes  Hand. 
Golt  bebute  es  ftkr  Fewr  und  Brand. 

Then  follow  the  names  of  those  who 
thus  invoke  God*s  protection,  and  the 
date  1G71. 

Soon  after  leaving  Strasburg,  we 
paM  through  the  mountain  ran^  of 
the  VoKgcs.  The  scenery  is  bold  and 
niggeil,  and  in  some  parts  resembles 
the  Cndercliif  in  the  Isle  of  Wight; 
but  this  gradually  subsides  into  a  more 
level  country — the  ancient  territory  of 
Lorraine.  Kamgy,  the  capital,  is  a 
pleasantly-built  town :  the  streets  are 
wide,  the  squares  large,  and  the  general 
aspect  cheerful.  Al^ut  two  miles  dis- 
tant is  the  chai)el  and  shrine  of  "  Notre 
Dame  de  Bon  Secours."  The  image 
is  black,  and  a  miraculous  one,  for  it 
seems  the  two  qualities  are  generally 
united ;  but  I  regret  that  an  accident 
prcvente<l  me  from  paying  it  a  visit. 
I  had  evidence,  however,  that  the  wor- 
ship of  "  Our  Lady  "  was,  or  had  been, 
a  favourite  in  the  town,  as  there  were 
several  figures  of  the  Virgin  sculptured 
on  the  houses,  and  on  one.  I  noticed 
the  **  Adoraticm  of  the  ^lagi  **  in  bas- 
i*elief  It  may  here  be  remarked,  how 
far  more  frequent  it  is  to  find  examples 
of  this  subject  than  of  that  kindred 
one,  the  "Adoration  of  the  Shepherds,** 
which,  without  doubt,  arose  from  the 
veneration  in  which  the  "Three  Kings** 
were  ^ehl,  and  the  celebrity  of  their 
shrine  at  Cologne. 

After  leaving  Nancy,  the  country  is 
hilly  for  a  long  way.  The  towns  are 
on  eminences,  and  have  an  ancient  look, 
oflen  retaining  their  old  defences,  which 
are  very  picturesque.  Liverdun  is  a 
curious  H|^>ccimen  of  them.  Itis  perched 
n^n  a  hdl,  surrounded  with  old  walls 
with  circular  towers.  The  church  has 
the  baluster- windows   in   die  belfry. 


which  in  England  are  indications  of 
Saxon  work.  The  houses  are  remark- 
able for  roofs  very  nearly  fiat,  a  dis- 
tinction from  those  in  Germany,  whose 
high-pointed  gables  arc  a  marked  fea- 
ture ;  the  windows  are  also  small,  and 
seem  as  if  considerations  of  defence 
had  had  something  to  do  with  their 
contrivance.  As  we  advance,  the 
scenery  again  becomes  fiat  and  mo* 
notonous,  and  at  Chalons- sur-Mame 
we  are  in  Champagne,  which  name 
conveys  the  character  of  the  country. 

At'CuALOKS  are  three  interestwg 
churches,  but  the  iconoclasts  have  here 
made  their  rudo  hands  severely  felt, 
and  the  destruction  of  the  sculpture 
of  the  exterior  of  the  cathedral  is  com-^ 
plete.  This  church  is  now  under  re- 
pair, and  much  is  being  done  in  its 
restoration.  It  is  one  of  those  early - 
Pointed  edifices,  of  a  transitional  period, 
when  the  Romanesque  details  were  not 
discarded.  Parts  of  these  particularlj 
interested  me,  from  the  careful  manner 
in  which  they  were  sculptured.  In 
one,  the  mason  had  evidenUr  had  for 
example  that  portion  of  the  Uorinthian 
capital  which' preserved  the  acanthna- 
leu  entire,  and  which  he  doubtless 
found  among  some  ^lucient  remidns. 
He  could  not  otherwise  have  made  so 
admirable  a  copy ;  and  this  one  leaf, 
repeated  round  the  column,  forms  the 
capital  in  Komanesque  taste.  There 
are  several  monumental  incised  slabs 
upon  the  fioor,  all  more  or  less  muti- 
lated, but  those  less  so  have  recently 
been  fixed  against  the  wall.  There  is 
a  great  deal  of  |)ainted  class  preserved 
in  all  the  churches,  whioi  is  surprising, 
considering  the  injuries  infiicted  upon 
their  exterior.  In  the  cathedral  is  a 
series  of  the  "Life  of  the  Virgin,** 
bearing  the  date  1527,  and  one  of  the 
subjects  represents  God  in  Trinity,  by 
that  grossest  of  all  combinations,  the 
triple  face ;  it  must,  however,  be  ob- 
served that  this  was  not  a  common 
mode  of  so  treating  the  subject,  and 
is  generally  of  a  very  late  introdac- 
tiou. 

From  Chalons  to  Troyes  the  road 
afibrds  a  good  idea  of  what  is  called 
Champagne — a  level  country,  with  un- 
dulations indeed,  but  not  such  as  to 
take  away  from  the  general  aspect  or 
charact^ir.  Few  trees  diversify  the 
prospect,  wh*  '  '  -k  and  dreary  in 
the  cxtrer  "*aight  roads 


le&s.] 


Notti  0 


odIj  tend  to  tiuhe  tbe  monolonjr  more 
oppressive  nnd  fatiguing. 
TBorEB  \i  an  olu  cit;,  piuturcsqne 

ill  character,  with  narrow  streets  anil 

tiiubor  LouMis.  Tliu  uUurclics  present  a 

wretcbedlv  iicglectol  iwpect,  nnJ  nre 

not  even  decent.   In  tbat  of  St.  Nix'ier,     \an^»  to  tbe  moral  uf  life,  tlius  ijm- 

.tniongagreat  quantity  of  puinted  glass,     bobsefl  to  remind  the  beholder  of  tbe 


cnlendu'  of  the  seasnus,  giving  tbe 
zodincul  eigna,  and  the  BeTcral  occu- 
pations which  belunz  to  tbe  dllTerent 
months.  I  believe  Uiitt  thj?,  which  U 
nlways  aonicirbcrij  itlxrnt  the  church 
duor  vhcitever  it   U   introduced,   be- 


i  preservi.'d  n  series  of  tbe  "  bei 
Ages  of  Man,"  of  which  notice  has 
been  taken  before.*  It  is  in  a  very 
uiutibited  condition,  but  nevertheless 

KEserves  tbe  general  dcEign  bo  ns  to 
intelligible.     M.  Didron  has  erred 


rniarkable 
piece  of  medifeval  art,  however,  in 
connection  with  this  church,  is  the 
sculptured  representation  of  the  "Life 
and  Passion  of  Christ"  which  decorates 
the  nnibulatory  of  the  choir,  It  is  of 
in  degcribin»  the  last  subject,  by  giving  about  the  end  uf  the  thirteenth  cen- 
to Death,  who  attends  upon  the  dying  turvi  and  is  treated  with  that  chastity 
man  "  on  oar,"  instead  of  a  mattock  or  ancl  simplicity  of  style  which  is  the 
spade,  a  much  more  appropriate  eni'  charm  of  this  early  work,  and  reminds 
blem.  He  is  also  in  doubt  about  the  us  uf  the  designs  of  Giotto  and  Prn 
second  subject,  and  describes  the  at-  Angelico.  Many  of  the  figures  arc 
tendnnt  female  genius,  which  presents  quite  equal  in  composition  and  ar- 
to  each  age  something  signihcant  of  rangement  of  the  draperies  to  these 
tbeircon(Iition,as  wanting  the  emblem,  mnstere,  and  are  worthy  of  attentive 
whereas  the  rase  in  ihe  youth's  hand  study.  Here  tbe  Ignorant  peasant 
is  presented  by  her.  To  him  she  is  mightwalkround thochoirandreadthe 
tbegeniusof  love,  and  has  long  llowing  whole  history  oftbe  Redemption,  simply 
hmr  the  type  of  maidenhood ;  and  it  and  intelligibly  framed  for  his  unlel- 
may  be  observed  that  all  these  figures  tered  mind.  It  cannot  be  doubted, 
differ  in  cbantcler  according  to  the  but,  that  this  mode  of  addressing  the 
"aue"  they  address.  I  cannot  agree  understanding  through  ihe  oyc,  was  a 
with  M.  Didron  that  it  is  "  tbe  genius     most  impressive  mode  of  ■■■"' — '■ — 


of  religion"  who  is  pointing  the  moral 
of  lifej  it  is  rather  llie  genius  of  life 
itself,  which  changes  according  to  the 
dilTurent  phases  of  human  existence. 

On  the  route  from  IVoycs  to  Paris 
the  scenery  soon  changes  to  a  more 
cheerful  character,  and  towards  the 
capital  it  beconies  varied  and  very 
pretty.     Pakib  presents  too  muny_  i ' 


day,  its  popularity  is  at- 
tested in  tbe  many  illustrated  books 
continually  isiiuing  from  the  press. 
Tbe  bold  and  massive  circular  pillars 
of  the  nave  present  another  instance, 
to  those  alreodjr  recorded,  of  an  inuta- 
tion  of  tlicCoriutbian  order. 

One  of  the  most  remarkable  struc- 
tures in  Paris,  of  an  ecclesiastical  cha- 


iind  interesliu^  structure,  both  for 
historical  remmiseenees  as  well  as  lur 
its  architectural  features.  Hie  west 
front,  although  deprived  by  rcvolu- 
liooary  violence  of  many  of  its  beauties, 
still  possesses  a  mass  of  sculpture  which 
is  instructive  for  its  iconographical 
arrangement,  especially  in  that  of  Ihe 
angelic  choira  which  decorate  the  arches 
over  the  principal  entrance.  We  have 
here  also  an  example  of  an  illustrated 


Is  neither  mediaeval,  n< 

cinque-cento,  but  really  possesses  so 

characteristics  of  nil   three.      Nor 

this  by  any  means  uoplcasing ;  on  I 

nlrary,  there  are   many  parts  t 

edingly  wor*'""  "'  -"' — ' —  -'■■ 


mysolf  with  noticing  but  a  few  in  con- 
nection with  my  subject,  having  re- 
gard tu  brevity,  rather  than  eomiilctc- 

n  ess  of  detail.     The  cathedral  of  N6tre  .    ^ 

Dame  is  in  every  way  a  remarkable     ceedingly  wortliy  of  attentive  study 


by  the  architectural  student,  who  wishes 
to  do  something  more  than  servilely 
cop^,  and  makes  the  aim  of  bis  pro- 
fession go  beyond  Ihe  weak  adaptation 
of  incongruous  elements.  The  exterior 
of  tlio  church  does  not  recommend  it- 
self, but  has  a  mongrel  wapecl.  This  is 
not  tbe  case  within  \  but  the  combina- 
tion of  two  apparently  Ojtposite  prin- 
ciples has  produced  an  original  design 
which  is   eminently  suggestive.     'iTie 


3r«4(v  «■  MidUerml  Art  ni  Fr&mcf, 


CDec. 


.» 


tir:   e5c3rt  if  poi-.c^ei   it  1:^ 

tike  yjii^Usd  iT.L  i*  ciieir  ufei  in  lif 
ieoucir:-:ilir  *j»*c,  at.  3  is  iii^e-f  vlih 


_  cLkss?  in  fttjle.  M&£T  of  tbe 
detailf  migiii  be  improrei :  h  is  d:: 
to  be  iapfOjeJ  tLax.  in  comxaea^ilag 
tike  ori^iiuIitT  of  tl«  stractore,  that 
tfot  pnise  exteo'lf  to  ererT  part.  I: 
ii  liinplT  a  suc^e&sful  combination  of 
dUerent  priocipLes,  and  forms  a  grxMUtd- 
vork  on  wluK^  I  think^aoi&ethincmiicli 
better  might  be  founded :  not?<>r  tbe 
aere  sake  of  noTeltr,  but  of  fimess 
of  purpose.  There  U  a  date  on  the 
tnmept,  1G40.  which  is  near  to  thai 
of  Sc  Catherine^Cree  in  Leadenhall- 
itnet,  oelebrate-l  for  its  pompons 
dedication  bj  Archbishop  Land,  i^idi 
•0  scin^Jalized  the  Puritans.  The 
diorch  of  St.  Catherine,  to  compare 
mall  things  with  ;rreat.  hiif  an  analo^v 
with  that  of  Sl  Lu&tache,  as  it  seems 
to  stand  betwe^rn  two  stjles,  and  be- 
longs correctlj  to  neither;  but  the 
latter  is  a  much  more  succe«fful  in- 
ftance.  Decorations  of  a  mo^t  ex- 
teofiTe  character  are  in  progress,  that 
wiD  make  thi*  church  an  extraordinary 
example  of  the  use  to  which  painting 
can  be  applieil  on  walls :  there  is  a 
tendencj,  howcYer,  in  French  work  to 
orerdo,  and  the  effect  is  often  gaudr, 
when  richness  and  depth  of  colour 
woold  be  far  preferable. 

Of  other  churches  in  Paris,  that  of 
HL  Grermain  des  Pr^  is  famous  for  its 
antifjuitj ;  and  St.  Germain  TAux- 
errots  has  historical  importance  in  con- 
nection with  the  bloody  massacre  of 
St.  Bartholomew's  day,  its  bell  haTing 
ioanded  the  tocsin  as  a  signal  for  the 
•koghtor.  Beneath  the  porch  of  the 
weft  front  are  some  modem  paintings 
in  fresco,  rery  insipid,  and  Toid  of 
true  sentiment. 

The  country  about  Fniis  is  all  pleas- 


izti  Tiriei.  lal  TCcitinnes  so  be- 
■;  i^:  iL:  ritj  of  Btirrajs; 
frwL  lb-.  OiTTj:':::  <:ii5:«ts  to  the  latter 
<£tr.  ::  If  jitriidLtHy  prettj  and  nn- 
iiitijj-.   i:-*.i&l  L-fre  and  tLere  with 
fis^  t:  w:;f  isi  rllk^ei^  haring  many 
a  part^ris^r    :iar:h    tower   arising 
tkff«fr3=s-  will?:  iht  hTA  files  are  often 
oorer?!  whl  ':x:«rL-fre  woods-    Beau- 
vaiff  caii-^iril  if  \zi  a  &i^ment,  con- 
aft£i^  c-rlr  z:  li*  cb:-ir  and  transepts. 
It  is  COS  of  iii:*5e  stractures.  of  whi^ 
Fra£.Y  shywi  5.:  2any.  be^n  on  a  rcrj 
aait:ilo3s    sr-xle   ani  nerer  finished. 
Wha:  rr Tit'- s.  biwercr,  is  a  glorioos 
nMnuzii?nt  cf  lt  :L;tectnral  beauty  :  it 
is  itii  L'.^be?t  cb;«ir  in  the  worfd,  and 
tlie  izienx-  has  a  grandeur  of  effect 
scMTodj  IC'  be  fcen,  to  the  same  degree, 
anywhere  else.    H-ire.  also,  the  beaaty 
vA  sc-IemnitT  cf  the  cytp  ^ni  is  due 
to  the  saLj-ifi>e  of  the  arvh  to  the  co- 
kxmade :  I  hare  n-nked  this  in  so  many 
instances  at  hysie  as  well  as  on  the 
CoQt!Zken«. — Durham  cathedral  beii^ 
a  Docable  case  in  point, — that  I  tliink 
in  all  casesw  where  greatness  of  effect  is 
prodnced.  it  will  be  found  in  small 
ardies  n^on  loAy  piers  or  columns. 
Qb  an  attentiTe  examination,  it  will 
be  seen,  that  erery  alternate  pier  is 
anallcT  in  CTth;  the  reason  for  this 
is  soon  obnous,  for  it   appears  there 
was    originJly    an    arch    of    double 
the  present  span,  and,   conse<|uently, 
a  wider   sfvace  in  the  inter-columni- 
atiocs.     ProbviMy  the  ^reat  height  of 
the  building  prcTed  this  too  weak  to 
sustain  the  superincumbent  weight,  and 
to  obriate  this  weakness,  the  arches 
were  dirided  into  two,   and  another 
|ner  intro<iuce<l  for  that  purpose;  hence 
the   peculiarly  narrow   arches  which 
now  surmount  the  impoang,  massiTe 
oolimms.     Most  skilfully  has  this  de* 
licate  work  been  performed,  so  that  the 
design,  although  so  greatlr  interfered 
with,  has  not  suffered ;  on  the  contrary, 
this  accident  mar,  perchance,  haye  pro- 
duced a  finer  e^ect  than  if  the  ori^nal 
idea  had  been  retaind.     The  windows 
are  full  of  painted  glass,  the  subjects 
all  small.  >o  that  the  part^  are  broken 
up  into  a  great  number  of  brilliant 
objeotcs  and  the  €▼*•  «  charmed  and 
gratified  by  the  -  "  ^ban 

troubled  by  an  es  'iafl, 

which  is  wearisow  Jt 

is  imnossible  to  •  ** 

4an  % 


18. 


Note*  oil  MediiEval  Art  in  Frauct- 


of  an  evening  sun  strike  throuKli  tlie 
(leep-tinteil  vriDdowa.  Of  the  failure 
of  moUern  gliL's  in  cleptb,  richnesi,  and 
general  elTi^ct,  ctctj  one  who  has  hnd 
an  opportunity  of  close  examination 
miut  DC  convinced;  an  example,  re- 
cently put  up,  in  tbe  chuich  in  &[ar- 
garct  Street,  Cavendish  Square,  by  one 
of  the  best  French  artists,  i a  feeble  in 
deugu,  and  defective  in  the  arrange- 
menc  of  tbe  colours,  nbich  also  want 
depth  and  power;  in  fact,  the  princi- 
ple of  applicntioQ  is  not  understood. 
So  it  is  with  Duin;  other  inBtauces  I 
hare  seen,  aud  compared  side  bv  side 
with  early  work.  On  the  walls  are 
tapestries,  worked  from  Hafltielle's  car- 
loons,  the  colours  of  which  are  very 
vivid ;  but  some  alterations  are  made 
in  respect  to  some  nude  children  in 
the  "Beautiful  Gate  of  the  Temple," 
tbey  have  been  awkwardly  draped,  to 
the  great  detriment  of  the  design : 
there  are  also  some  i|uunt  tnpestrica 
of  the  fifteenth  century. 

The  church  of  St.  Stephen's  is  chielly 
Itomaucsqae,  and  has  had  atliliiiond 
portions  added,  but  apparently  never 
completed.  On  the  north  transept  is 
the  window  composing  the  "Wheel  of 
Life,"*  a  very  attentife  and  close  exa- 
mination of  which  oUifcea  roe  again  to 
differ  from  M.  Didron  in  some  particu- 
lars. It  is  unnecessary  to  do  more  here 
thtm  give  my  owu  view,  aa  the  other 
has  before  appeared.|  One  of  tbe  first 
points  which  struck  my  attention  wits, 
tbat  the  two  lowest  Sgures  on  the 
wheel,  one  on  each  side,  were  distinct 
from  those  in  ascent  and  descent :  tbcy 
are  both  in  parallel  positions,  anil  nei- 
ther ascend  or  descend,  and,  moreover, 
nro  somewhat  smaller  than  the  others. 
They  only  diSer  one  from  another  in 
Ibis, — that  on  the  left,  or  ascending 
side  of  the  wheel,  has  the  right  arm 
raised  against  it.  1  conceive,  there- 
lijre,  that  these  figures  are  genii,  which 
move  the  course  of  the  wheel,  in  fact. 
Day  and  Night,  for  which  we  have 
.iiituoEy  and  authority  in  the  Greek 
"  Gnidc."  Tbe  figure  on  the  summit, 
too.  who  with  hii  left  hand  assists  those 
who  ascend,  and  with  hia  riglil  repulses 
those  duscending,  is  also  a  kind  of  pre- 
"'''"g  genius  of  Fate,  or  Vrovidencu, 
|^,{)eAapl  ia  still  better,  and  in 


occonlance  with  some  motives  i 
pressed  in  the  authority  before  i 
ticed.  Time.  Nothing  can  be  murv 
apposite  than  this  view, — Time  aida 
those  who  are  striving  to  the  eenilb  of 
life's  course,  but  repels  aud  urges 
downwards  those  who  have  passed  the 
goal.  Time,  in  the  Greek  Guide,  oc- 
cupies till!  centre  of  a  wheel,  nnd  is 
represented  ns  a  young  man  royally 
crowned,  holding  in  his  Tap  a  luantity 
of  flowers;  but,  in  the  example  just 
alluded  to,  Tiini--  plays  a  more  im- 
portant port,  as  tbe  ruler  of  life  and 
destiny. 

It  is  a  difficult  thing  to  iliscriminate 
entirely  between  the  WIimI  of  For- 
tune and  the  Wheel  of  Life ;  they 
sometimes  approach  each  other  so 
nearly.  On  the  window  oj'  St  Ste- 
phen s  none  of  the  figures  show  any 
diflerence  of  age,  all  are  bearded;  so 
it  is  evident  that  tbe  artist  was  not 
thinking  of  the  progress  of  life,  from 
youth  to  age,  in  all  its  st^es.  At  the 
some  time  the  figure  of  Death  at  tbe 
bottom  shows  it  to  be  the  course  of 
life,  and  not  tbe  course  of  human  pros- 
perity, as  in  the  Wheel  of  Fortune. 
Both,  however,  certainly  belong  to  the 
class  of  inediicval  religious  moralities, 
and  have  a  great  deal  m  common  with 
each  other.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that 
tliis  sculpture  has  suffered  so  much 
from  tbe  weather-  Tbe  whole  window 
is  a  rich  example  of  Uomancaque  de- 
sign, but  is  in  a  very  bad  conditi 


indeed  the  church  itself  is 
neglected  state.  lutheinterioris 

™'    •       »         « 

King  D:ivid  and  Nathan  the  Prophet, 
both  of  whom  arc  also  kniicling;  she  is 
vuiled,  but  wears  an  ermined  mantle 
to  denote  her  royal  descent.  On  her 
body  is  represented  a  small  irradiated 
figure  of  tbe  Virgin  Mary,  with  this 
legend  on  a  label,  "'  Fructus  mei  ho- 
noris et  bonestatis."  AlK>ve  is  the 
figure  of  God  the  Father,  with  a  triple 
crown,  in  tbe  action  of  benediction, 
with  this  inscription  on  a  scroll,  "  Tote 
pulchra  es  arnica  mca  et  macula  non 
picture  is  to  show 
utcrtaincd  by  the 
Church  of  Rome,  that  tbe  Virein 
Mary  was  conceived  without  a 


t.)l«Mv.l8ji3.^49$. 


560 


Notes  on  Medueval  Art  in  France. 


[Dec. 


spot,  and  the  latter  Wend,  of  frequent 
occurrence,  is  from  Solomon*8  Song.* 
The  figure  of  St.  £loi  is  not  unfrie- 
qaently  seen  in  this  part  of  Frnnce 
orer  a  blacksinith*s  shop,  of  which 
crafl  he  is  patron  saint;  a  good  in- 
stance, because  old,  occurs  in  Beau- 
vais,  and  in  a  small  town  a  short  dis- 
tance off  I  obser>'ed  the  blacksmith 
bad  added  the  Saint*s  name  to  his  own. 
From  Beauvais  we  now  come  to 
Amiens  ;  and  here  we  see,  what  is  rare 
in  France,  a  cathedral  finished,  and  one, 
moreover,  that  seems  altogether  to  have 
escaped  the  ravages  of  revolutionary 
fanaticism.  None  of  the  external 
sculptures,  which  are  so  numerous 
and  so  interesting,  have  received  any 
other  injury  than  what  the  weather 
has  efi*ected  in  exposed  spots.  Tn  the 
interior  too  is  found  the  only  brass 
preserved  in  France — at  least  I  have 
never  heard  of  any  other.  It  is  a 
small  one,  but  very  interesting,  and 
oonsist^i  of  a  plate  nearly  square,  the 
tipper  part  having  representations  of 
the  Virgin  and  Child  and  a  bishop 
kneeling  before  them,  and  a  long  in- 
scription beneath  recording  charitable 
bequests.  Besides  this  there  are  two 
large  full-length  figures  of  prelates  in 
bronze  and  in  low  relief.  They  are 
placed  near  the  western  door  in  their 
original  horizontal  positions,  and  raised 
a  tew  inches  from  the  level  of  the 
ffround.  This  church  was  preserved 
from  the  fury  of  the  revolutionary  icono- 
clasts, by  the  active  zeal  of  one  Lecouve, 
mayor  of  the  commune;  and  remains  a 
noole  monument  of  his  patriotism.  I 
will  now  direct  attention  to  what  may 
have  escaped  the  eyes  of  many  visitors. 
There  are  in  the  nave  two  grey  slabs, 
without  inscription,  and  quite  plain, 
excepting  the  indent  of  an  escallop 
shell  on  the  one,  the  same  repeated  on 
the  other  with  the  addition  of  two 
footmarks.  The  substance,  which  ori- 
ginally occupied  the  matrices,  is  gone, 
and  they  have  been  filled  with  plaster  of 
Paris.  There  can  be  very  little  doubt 
as  to  the  meaning  of  these  emblems, 
which  evidently  indicate  the  tombs  of 
pilgrims  or  palmers,  the  shell  being 
the  sign  of  St.  James  of  Compostella, 
and  the  impress  of  the  feet  might 
possibly  show  that  the  pilgrims  had 


visited  tlie  Holy  Land,  and  the  loot- 
prints  of  our  Saviour  which  he  is 
said  to  have  lefl  on  earth  at  his 
Ascension.  Those  here  interred  with- 
out name,  without  country,  but  simply 
distinguished  by  the  pilgrim's  sign, 
were,  without  doubt,  returning  from 
their  distant  and  weary  journey; 
death  arrested  their  steps,  and  they 
closed  their  earthly  pilgrimage  before 
the  last  object  of  their  devout  zeal. 
Of  what  country  were  they?  Not 
unlikely  one  might  be  of  our  own ; 
that  they  were  strangers  in  the  land  I 
think  is  very  clear.  At  all  events 
the  route  is  that  which  an  English 
pilgrim  would  take  on  his  return.  He 
would  probably  set  out  by  Flanders, 
paying  liis  devotions  at  the  shrine  of 
the  Three  Kings  at  Cologne,  whence 
he  woidd  ascend  the  Rhine,  and,  whe- 
ther he  rested  or  no  at  the  less  cele- 
brated places  of  devotion  on  his  route, 
he  W(mld  certainly  not  miss  "  Our  Lady 
of  Einsicdlcn,**  in  Switzerland;  thence 
to  St.  Mark  at  Venice,  and  by  the 
Adriatic  to  Loretto,  and  from  hence 
to  Rome.  If  a  palmer,  he  would  con- 
tinue on  to  the  Holy  Land,  but  a  pil- 
grim for  penance,  or  through  devo- 
tional zeal,  would,  in  most  cases,  halt  at 
Rome,  and  return  by  the  Mediter- 
ranean to  Barcelona,  which  is  close  to 
the  shrine  of"  Our  Lady  of  Montserrai." 
He  would  then  proceea  to  Compostella, 
and,  after  paying  his  devotions  to^  St. 
James,  would  cross  the  Pyrenees  into 
France,  and  the  great  celebrity  of  the 
relic  at  Amiens  would  naturally  attract 
his  steps  thither:  we  find,  indeed,  that 
in  the  old  play  of  The  Four  Fs,  the 
Palmer  says,  he  came  "  round  about  to 
AmioH.'^^  From  Amiens  he  would  pro- 
ceed to  Boulogne,  not  forgetting  the 
celebrated  image  of  "  Our  Lady,**  before 
which  he  would  doubtless  commend 
himself  to  the  Vircin's  protection  pre- 
vious to  crossing  tue  Channel.  There 
is  a  particular  interest  attached  to 
memorials  like  these,  because  they  are 
uncommon ;  and  finding  them  at  a  cele- 
brated shrine  seems  to  suggest  the 
story  of  those  interred  beneath. 

I  must  now  speak  of  the  relic,  vene- 
rated here  for  so  many  ages,  which 
has  certainly  triumphed  over  its  rivals, 
in  preserving  a  better  ^  ^  Ung 


•  Chap.  iv.  ver.  7. 

t  Some  of  the  editors  of  this  play  think  Bmmaut  is  meant,  bat  tl 
2 


1853.] 


Nolei 


k  naked 


tbe  true  one,  itfaBtevcr  olbn*  claims 
it  niuj  have.*  U  h  kept  iu  the 
north  tranaopt,  nndia"  n  lofty  and  ele- 
gant ctiiiopT  of  the  norkmun^hiii  of 
Uie  fifteenth  century,  and  fixed  on  a 
kind  of  plateau,  whidi  doubtless  repre- 
sents the  "charger,"  and  id  coTered  by  n 
concave  glosj.  Underneath  this  U  tbe 
head,  covered  with  a  little  crijngoo 
velvet  cap,  adorned  with  gold  lace, 
not  unlike  what  arc  expostsl  for  sale 
na  "smoking  cape."  A  small  aperture 
discloses  an  inner  covering  of  thin 
gold  plates,  and  part  of  this  i»  removed 
showing  a  dart  spot  npi)arently  of 
hair.  Looking  close,  I  obsurved  a  small 
and  narrow  piece  of  paper,  about  two 
inches  long,  und  on  this,  in  very  minute 
letters,  was  written  "  chef  de  Job' 
Ilap'  ■"  this  was  all  iu  fact  I  had  to 
convince  we  I  was  looking  upon  tbe 
celebrated  bead  of  the  Baptist.  Tbe 
canopy  is  decorated  with  small  groups 
repreaoDtmg  the  "  Decollation,"  and 
other  points  of  the  history.  This  his- 
tory is,  however,  better  developed  in 
an  interesting  wriea  of  sculpture,  of 
tbe  end  of  the  fifleentb  century,  which 
ilecorates  the  north  side  of  tbe  in- 
closure  of  the  choir.  The  figures  are  in 
full  relief,  painted  to  imitate  nature, 
and  display  a  great  deal  of  skill  and  imi- 
tative power.  One  of  the  most  curious 
Kups  is  that  illustraliDgn  point  in  tbe 
^ -ndary  history  uf  the  Baptist,  which 
makes  the  mother  of  Herodios  to  in- 
flict a  wound  on  the  face  with  a  knife, 
which  wound  is  shown,  or  said  to  be 
visible,  under  the  right  eye.  It  is 
worthy  of  note,  that  the  head  is  rcpre- 
lenteu  in  these  subjects  in  a  charger, 
or  dish,  very  like  that  in  which  the 
head  is  now  kept,  and  even  the  rude 
pilgrim's  signs  have  a  close  resemblance 
to  It.  Unuerneath  each  compartment 
are  rhyming  couplets,  inFrcnch,  setting 
torth  the  atory.  The  south  side  is 
similarly  decorated,  but  with  another 
legend,  relating  lo  St.  Firmin.  The 
moat  remarkable  of  its  coinpartmcnts 
U  one  rcprcseutlug  the  baptism  of 
Attilia,  wife  of  Agrippa.  The  sim- 
plicity with  which  the  artist  bos 
treated  this  subject  ia  moat  whim- 
sical :  the  young  lady  is  perfectly 
the  middle  in  the  font. 


/  Art  in  France. 


leaving  the  greater  port  of  her  person 
exfosnl,  but  with  lier  bands  in  the 
attitude  of  prayer,  and  ilowncast  eyea, 
as  if  absorbed.  So  edifying  a  spec- 
tacle docs   tfaia   uppcor  to  Uie  (rowd 


fy.ng  a 
to  tbe  I 
of  bystanders,  that  some  lifl  their  eyes 
and  hands  in  admiration  of  sucb  piety  ( 
others  are  disposed  lo  follow  ibe  ex- 
ample, particularly  a  gentleman  in  the 
foreground,  who  is  so  anxious  to  strip, 
that  he  bos  called  the  assistance  of  his 
page  to  help  bim  off*  with  liis  upper 
dress.  There  is  something  particu- 
larly life-like  and  spirited  in  these 
groups;  tbe  story  is  every whei'e  told 
with  force  and  intelligenci.',  end  Ihe 
minute  manner  in  which  the  details  of 
costume  are  attended  lo  make  them 
exceedingly  valuable  authorities :  they 
are  also  in  excellent  preservation,  such 
as  we  are  rarely  accustomed  to  see. 
Before  I  quit  the  interior  of  this  ca- 
thedral, 1  must  notice  a  very  curious 
and  rare  specimen  of  the  crucifix :  it 
is  preserved  in  one  of  the  chapela  on 
the  north  aide,  and  exhibits  n  symbolic 
treatment,  the  figure  being  completely 
clothed  in  a  long  tunic,  with  a  cruwu 
upon  its  bead,  and  the  arms  ext«ndcd 
perfectly  straight  out ;  the  whole  is 
gilc  I  will  also  remark  that  the  rose 
window  of  the  north  transept  is  filled 
with  stained  glass  disposed  in  geome- 
trical patterns,  and  the  colours  being 
well  chosen  it  has  quite  as  good  an 
effect  as  any  with  figures  could  have, 
at  so  great  a  height. 

The  external  sculptures  are  the  best 
in  design  and  execution  I  have  seen, 
Stroaburg  excepted  i  but  they  are  so 
numerous  as  really  to  require  a  very 
long  and    -■     -'  "     -"  '*" 


curious,  but  materials 
study,  and  designs  of  a  very  high  order, 
can  be  found  in  every  part.  It  is  at  the 
rose  window  of  this  transept  that  there 
i  a  another  interesting  "Wheel  of  Life." 
It  has  been  before  no  ticed.f  and  is  chietly 
rcinurlcable  for  the  skill  of  the  artist 


descending,  and  no  otber  kind  of  dis- 
crimination, such  OB  marking  tbe  iit- 
dividunl  character  of  each  penod,  is 
attempted,  the  sevontccn  figures  which 


.  Oct.  p.  334,  for  ths  number  of  npoXeA 


562 


.V'>(«  on  ItJeiU'Pvat  Art  in  Fraaet. 


[Ucc 


tell  tbe  Htory  bad  to  be  cooiUnll)' 
varied  to  prevent  mouDtoDj.  The 
gnvttoit  suoc£Kd  bas  nttended  Ihearlist'a 
efibrla  in  contending  with  tbi*  dJIfi- 
culty;  and  in  the  de^ccndin;;  figures 
e(pii(.'iikll}r,  ^vc^  one  ii  dUtinut  from 
tho  ntber.  There  i*  a  dislinclion 
berc  I  did  not  find  in  those  of  Baile 
and  lieaufais:  on  one  liile  oil  are 
joun^  and  beardless:,  and  with  their 
clothing  well  about  them ;  but  on 
the  other  they  are  bearded,  and  their 
atllre  a  in  great  didnrraj,  ■ometimcs 
exposing  a  great  part  of  their  per- 
sona. So  that,  even  here,  wc  havu 
a  kind  of  mixture  of  the  Wheel  of 
Life  and  the  Wheel  of  Fortune.  The 
door  beneath  thia  window  ia  called 
tbe  door  of  St  HoQoratus,  and  con- 
tains some  of  tbe  most  beautiful  and  re- 
markable Rcutptures  belonging  to  the 
external  decorations,  but  it  would  be 
impoMJble  to  do  justice  to  tbem  in  a 
few  words.  I  must  therefore  confine 
myself  to  one  or  twopointa.  The  up- 
right jamb,  which  divides  the  portal 
into  two,  ha*  a  fine  figure  of  tho  Vlrmn 
and  Child,  but  the  most  rcinarkaole 


>  (bat, 


igeli  carrying  the  : 
that  wbich  in  ill 


pn- 


nuiry  aignificatii 
diation  of  li^ht,  an  immsterinl  easenoe, 
is  by  a  curious  devclnpincnt  rendureil 
a  palpable  and  subatantinl  object.  Tho 
same  thing  is  of^n  found  in  the  ailnp- 
tation  of  the  aureola,  but  1  do  not  re- 
member to  have  seen  so  alruiig  an 
instance  aa  respects  the  nimbus.  Ttic 
lowest  part  of  the  tympanum  contains 
some  well-drapod  and  exceedingly  well- 
deiixned  figures,  rcprc«cnttng  perhaps 
8t  IIoDoratus,  bishop  of  Amiens,  and 
hit  disciples ;  the  heiid  of  the  saint  is 
particularly  fine  in  expression.  The 
next  Mirius,  abovo  this  group,  is  pro- 
bably a  continuation  of  tbe  history  of 
the  mint,  and  is  said  to  bu  partly 
where  be  receives  from  huaveii  episco- 
pal nnction,  and  jiarlly  whore  St.  Lu- 
[ucian   discovers   the   relics   of  •"""• 


seated  by  the  altar,  tl 


saint,  who  it 
sounds  being 


tQiraeuIoutly  conveyed  tbrough  the 
n-om  tbe  viltage  of  Saint,  near  Amiens. 
Above  thit  luhject  It  ono  In  illutlra- 
tioa  of  a  miraculous  interposition  of 
God  in  the  woramcnt  of  tho  buuharitL 


OS  if  putting  the  coosocMtcd  wafer 
into  the  cup  :  at  another  part  b  a 
priest,  who  seems  as  if  intnidudng  n 
pcnitont,  but  it  is  aaid  to  refer  to  * 
miracle  perfornied  by  the  saint  in  n- 
storing  a  blind  man  to  tiebt.  Hw 
figure  of  tbe  blind  man  it  followed  b^ 
t^t  of  a  woman  and  dog.  Above  ia 
a  transUtion  of  relics,  and  over  this 
is  a  crucifix  with  figures  of  tbe  Virf^ia 
Mary  and  8t,  Johu.  The  vonstotn 
arc  filled  by  Ggnres  of  the  Prophela, 
Bvaugeliats,  and  Saints.  Mauyof  Um; 
figures  and  subjects  arc  reUiy  so  finely 
designed  at  In  remind  ub  of  the  produo- 
tions  of  the  Greek  artists,  to  which  tkey 
are  but  Uttle  inferior.  The  ^lory  m 
Amiens  cathedral  is,  however,  its  we*( 
fironL  Tbe  matt  of  sculpture  hero  ia 
qaile  bewildering  at  a  first  glance,  but, 
when  examined  in  a  proper  mauBeri  it 
tells  its  story  very  ititiflheibly,  and  af- 
fords almost  a  complete  Bible  bittory  iD 
the  only  universal  Uu^nge  we  know. 
The  ordinary  events,  in  chronnloKieal 
succession,  are  simply  retireMolad  in 

auatrofoil  meduUiont,  ill  low  relief  on 
la  basement,  and,  in  addition  lo  tboM, 
about  the  door  of  tbe  north  aoglo  ara 
the  xodiacal  tignt,  n  ith  the  appronrUte 
seasons  anncxcil ;  each  season  being 
tymbolited  by  iti  proper  dutioi  in  ba*> 
baiidry. 

The  great  central  door  bas  ow  i| 
the  Lost  Judgmenti  above  ii  God  tbt 
Father,  with  attcmlant  spirits;  boasMh 
this,  Christ  in  -ludgmcoL,  with  lb* 
Virgin  on  the  rifht  and  the  BapiiM  Ml 
the  It-ft,  both  xiiuuling,  and  anjdt 
bearing  the  cmblcmt  of  the  Pitnoii. 
Then  eoioc  the  angels  conducting  tbe 
elect  to  paradise,  and,  on  the  contmry 
aide,  the  demons  forcing  the  damn«d 
to  tbe  pit  of  perdition.  Uit  tbe  lot>«tt 
part  is  St.  liUcbael,  with  scales  wcjg;b- 
lOg  souls,  ongelt  sounding  trumjMitii, 
and  figures  arising  from  tho  gram ; 
tbe  latter  have  n  remarkable  iIfstm  of 
spirit.  The  voussoin  of  tlie  ardi  con- 
tains a  number  of  fij^uret  of  the  mar- 
tyrs, tainti,  und  onnfcstor*,  at  wtJI  ^ 
subjects  from  the  ltcvi:laliont  lu  rcAf 
renco  to  the  Judgment,  and  a  num- 
ber of  guanlian  anguJt  bearing  MmU. 
It  it  a  most  oompleto  arrangvinoil;, 
from  itt  Inlelligonce  and  th«  eato  villi 
which  it  can  bo  nnderttood.  TbailDOr 
south  of  iliJi  it  dnlicatml  lo  the  ttnrj 
of  the  Virgin  Mary,  and  oontaint  h«r 
with  the  attcnilatU  A|iMtln, 


1353.] 


I^mp  Ike  Second  «nrf  AAlonio  Ptr«x. 


nho  are  sxid  to  have  aatemblcd  from 
all  pnrla  of  the  earUi  to  be  present, 
bcr  cntoiubmcnt  bj  nngels,  and  her 
coroualion.  The  door  on  the  norlh 
angie  has  reference  to  the  bijtorj  of 
St.  1'*irmin  6rat  Uigliop  of  Amiens, 
the  snnie  storj  which  is  diaplnjcd 
in  the  scwlptures  on  the  soutti  side 
of  the  choir  before  mentioned;  and 
over  a  small  CDtronce  on  tbc  south 
Bide,  but  near  the  west  end,  ore 
figures  of  a  knight  and  bishop,  and 
near  thb    a  gigantic   figure    of   St. 


SG3 

Christopher,  very  inferior  in  design 
and  execution  to  the  smaller  pieces  of 
sculpture — a  defect  often  to  be  ob- 
aerveil,  and  nrieing  perliapa  from  a 
want  of  power  to  treat  a  larcer  moss 
of  material.  1  must  now  close  this 
iiuperfect  sketch,  by  observing  that 
those  who  wish  to  comprehend  the 
power  of  medieval  art  as  a  means  of 
instruction,  must  attentively  examine 
what  it  has  left  in  the  old  cathedrals, 
and  particularly  those  of  France  and 
Oermnny,  J.  G-  Waixbe.     "" 


PUIUI-  THE  SECOND  A>D  ANTONIO  PEREZ. 


IN  the  sprioj  of  the  year  1577  two 
men  were  seated  lu  the  palace  of 
ftliiilrid  intently  occupied  with  dc- 
suulches  wliichliuU  been  received  from 
lLu  Low  Countries,  in  the  handwriting 
of  Don  Juan  Escovefl^  accrelary  to 
Don  John  of  Austria.  These  men  were 
Philip  the  Second,  Kina  of  Spain,  and 
the  Secretary  of  State,  Antonio  Ferez. 
The  foTLuer  was  now  in  the  Gflieth 
year  of  Iiia  age  and  tbc  twenty-first 
of  bis  reign — but  years  and  jiower 
had  only  hardened  the  rigid  qualities  of 
bis  mind.  The  ignorance  and  bigatrjr 
of  a  closely  restricted  monkish  euucn- 
lion  bad  crushed  his  intellectaol  facul- 
ties, and  rendered  him  insusccntible 
of  all  cenerous  feeling.  Froud  and 
reserves,  "Igomy  and  morose  both  in 
court  and  council,  bis  self- isolation 
was  eDCourageU  and  confirmed  by  the 
austere  dignity  of  Spanish  tuonners. 
Thus  he  bod  grown  up  with  but  little 
ivropatby  for  men,  whose  coninonion- 
ship  he  liad  never  knonn,  anil  whom 
he  cstimuted  solirly  us  the  innlnimcnLi 
of  bis  wlU.  What  be  bad  learned 
of  human  nature  bod  merely  made 
him  distrustful,  and  the  unscrupulous 
casuistry  of  his  spiritual  guides,  his 
own  crally,  cold,  and  palJent  habits  of 
thought,  hod  tftuebt  bim  to  conceal 
distrust  beneath  the  deepest  dissimu- 
lation. No  man  posseased  greater 
powers  of  self- control.  Slow  in  de- 
ciding, inflexible  in  decision,  await- 
ing with  calmness  the  development  of 
gveoti^  shrinking  from  no  labour,  un- 
acrunulousiulbeeDiployment  of  means, 
ildc  wad  wanting  to  en  sure  his  cods. 
-u  religious,  but  his  dikrkened 
joyless  nature  of  his  heart, 


and  the  inQuenco  of  his  educatiodi 
had  converted  religion  into  a  gloomy 
superstitiun.  Acceplituz  with  abject 
suuniisjion  wbat  the  Church  tuught, 
he  regarded  with  horror  the  exercise 
of  pnvatc  judgment ;  the  slightest  de- 
viation from  her  t^aehing  was  heresy, 
and  for  heresy  there  was  but  one 
punishment — death.  That  he  was  con- 
scientious in  this  respect  none  con 
doubt;  luBcruelty wnstneconseiiueiice 
of  his  unsympathetic  nature  and  his 
strong  convictions. 

The  secretary  Antonio  Fcrci  was  at 
this  period  thirty-six  years  old,  tbc 
natural  son  of  Gonzalo  Perex,  and  In- 
timated by  diploma  from  the  Emperor 
Charles  the  Fifth.  Graceful  in  taaxi- 
ncr,  endowed  with  areat  powers  of 
in ind  allied  to  varieu  attainments,  ha 
was  the  model  of  on  aecomplished 
Castllian  gentleman.  With  equal  case 
he  won  the  hearts  of  women  and 
acquired  the  coufidence  of  men,  and 
passed  with  the  same  felicity  of  ac- 
coraiilished  genius  from  the  conversa- 
tion of  the  saloons  of  Madrid  to  dis- 
cuss the  most  intricate  questions  of 
state  policy  in  the  cabinet,  theology  or 
canon  law  with  the  nuncio,  or  fine  arta 
with  the  artists,  whose  patronage  is  the 
one]redeeming  feature  m  the  character 
of  Philip.  Insinuating  in  addiew, 
prompt  in  devising  a  couru!  of  actioni 
unscrupulous  and  compliant,  no  man, 
if  the  term  may  be  hazarded,  possessed 
more  of  the  kind's  confidence, — no  man 
less  deserved  itj  for  he  wm  unprin- 
cipled, sensual,  and  extravagant,  read* 
to  sell  his  onninfluence  and  ois master  s 
interests  for  bribes,  to  gratify  his  un- 
goveroed  passioiu. 


Philip  tht  Second  atui  Anlonia  Petes. 


The  subject  of  tho  dii 
Liuwe  two  iDen  wiu  in  fltricl  BC«oi'd- 
Wce  with  their  character* — it  was  tlic 
fpunler  of  Etcovcdo.    At  this  period 
Lspurder  wu  the  mual  rcsourcabochaf 
1  ^bjectcuidofkin^ospriTHlc  revenge 
1-M  public  policj  dictated.     Diego  de 
I  -ChavcB,  the  conlcsgor  of  Philip,  defined 
Ift  as  K  right  inherent  to  the  puwur  of 
I  Ae  King,  nod  Fbilip  wm  ihronghout 
Lkis  reicD  ae  ready  to  employ  the  dogger 
mm  a  Gerard  an  the  Church  of  r^mc 
■  Attt  of  a  Cleoioit  or  of  a  RaTaiUac. 
In  thia  cose,  howcTcr,  there  is  eridence 
to  show  that  Perez  was  intent  to  make 
the  political  ienlousy  of  Pliilip  the  in- 
strument of  liin  own  pursonot  revenge, 
for  there  sceuis  no  reasnn  l«  doubt  his 
iDlercourse  with  the  Princess  of  Eboli, 
the  mistress  of  Philip.    It  hnd  become 
«o  much  suxpcoted,  that,  with  the  pA;u- 
liar  feelings  of  Castilian  honour,  the 
reUitires  of  the  familj  of  the  prJnccM, 
wlio  re9entc<l  less  the  crime  than  ita 
committnl  with  a  nan  of  Percit'  birth, 
had  vowed  liia  dvntb.     Now  Eacovcdo 
oweii  his  rise  at  court  to  the  protec- 
tion Of  U\iy  Gomez  de  Silva,  the  hus- 
band of  the  rrincess,  to  whom  she  had 
been  married  at  AlcAla  in  1553,  when 
but  13  years  of  nge,  nnd  who  died  in 
1S73,     Jenloea  of  the  honour  of  his 
master's  nnme,  EscovcJo  openly  re- 
proached the  Princess  with  ler  guilt, 
and  threatened  its  revektion  to  tho 
K'tiig,  a  threat   to  whidi  slie  replied 
b^  n  speech  of  the  most  revolting  tyni- 
cism.    Jlut,  notwithstanding  the  gross- 
nesB  of  thia   bravado,   the  danger  of 
Philip'*  jealousy  was  gp 
sity   of  Eseovedo's   sile 
For  that  silence  death  aione  was  luc 
■iiarantcc,  siid  this  the  Princess  and 
rcnolved  fl'om  that  hour  to  pos- 


!  apparent. 


S 


non  John  of  Austrin,  it  will  be  remem- 


ihe 

lories,  his  great  talents,  and  engaging 
manners:,  are  considered.  These  ad- 
vantages were,  however,  marred,  as 
regarded  the  ^vour  of  Philip  the 
Scconii,  by  his  umbition.  It  was  un- 
der this  influence  thai,  after  the  battle 
of  Lupanto,  instead  fif  destroying  he 
repaired  the  fortilicntioiii  of  Tuuis, 
in  the  hope  of  making  it  thu  cajiitaJ 


of  n  kiogduui  of  his  own.  The  i>opo, 
Pius  tbe  Finh,  encouraged  his  design, 
and  rceommerided  it  with  much  xeal 


pecting  the  scheme  had  been  suggested 
to  Dun  John  by  his  secretary,  Juan 
de  Soto,  he  removed  him,  and  ap- 
pointed Bscovedo  in  his  place.  But 
ambition  it  not  so  readily  repressed. 
Don  John  next  devised,  with  the  sanc- 
tion of  the  Pope,  the  invasion  of  Eng- 
land, and  consequent  dethronement  of 
Elizabeth.  Eseovedo  soon  found  his 
fortunes  depended  u|xin  bis  master's, 
nnd  furthered  his  views,  carelully  cou- 
cealingthcm  from  the  court  of  Madrid. 
An  accident  revealed  tlie  whole.  The 
Nuncio  of  the  Pope,  iguorunt  of  the 
cyphers  in  some  despatches  he  had  re- 
ceiVDd,  submitted  these  to  Peres,  and 
asked  him  towhom  the  name  "Escoda" 
applied.  Peres  answered,  "  It  must  be 
that  of  Don  Juan  Eseovedo."  "Doubt- 
less it  is  90,"  renlied  the  prelate,  "  jinc« 
I  am  instructed  to  obtun  the  King's 
favourable  connderation  and  aid  for  wa 
expedition  agmnst  England,  under  Don 
John  of  Austria,  to  be  erected,  upon 
its  conquest,  into  an  independent  sove- 
reignty of  his  own."  Perex  imme- 
diately communicated  the  contenta  of 
the  deapatclies  to  Philip,  who  was 
greatljf  incensed.  The  oharaelera  of 
the  King  and  of  his  secretory  now  be- 
came apparent.  Philip  met  the  pro- 
posal with  the  deepest  dissimulation. 
He  approved  the  Pope's  interest  in  faia 
brother's  behalf;  he  promised  tho  aid 
of  the  troops  in  Flanders,  if  the  Btatea 
General  would  allow  their  cmbsrcation. 
He  next  charged  Perez  to  appear  offi- 
cially to  enter  into  the  desigii  of  Don 
John,  to  correspond  with  Eseovedo,  to 
allure  him  h;  feigned  confidence  as 
between  two  frienos,  to  communicate 
bU  his  desires,  all  his  views,  and,  the 
more  CmWj  to  beti'ay  both,  to  openljr 
criticise  his  conduct,  nnd  to  conaemn 
it  as  inimical. 

The  baseness  of  PcrcK  was  equal  to 
that  of  the  King.  He  wrote  to  Es- 
eovedo in  ready  compliance  with  these 
instructions,  and  submitted  every  un- 
suspicious  reply  to  Philip.  Their  suc- 
cess was  the  subject  of  mutual  con- 
grnlutution.  The  death  of  ICseovedo 
was  resolved  on, — by  the  King  as  n 
measure  of  policy, — by  Perez  from  fear 
and  hatred,  and  he  adroitly  made  the 


1tJ53.] 


Philip  the  Second  a 


nngcrofthu  moanrclt  the  iustrumcnt 
otlh  own  revenge. 

l^oa  Joha'a  jiTmi  of  ninrrinee  nilh 
Mar;  QueeD  of  Scots,  stiil  lii)i  ambi- 
tious hopes  of  conquest,  ncrc  indeed 
soon  closed.  11b  died  worn  out  with 
aoxiely  iu  bis  camp  at  Nainur,  Octo- 
ber 1,  1378.  Escovedo,  in  whose  con- 
duct there  wns  much  to  excite  sus- 
Siciou,  iind,  prior  to  Uiis,  rcturued  to 
lodrid  to  f&cilitate  the  meditated 
expedition,  and  Philip,  having  Ilia  prejr 
in  bis  power,  hud  given  to  Perez 
a  forniot  order  for  his  death  by 
aircrel  truant,     llirice  lliey  attempted 


invited  guest,  at  the  Tilia  of  the  Count 
lie  Punon  Roatro,  and  during  the  ill- 
ness consei|uent  upon  the  uecond  at- 
tempt. The  poison  in  this  last  case 
was  ndministered  in  some  broth,  for 
the  preparation  of  which  the  cook  was 
hung  uimn  suspicion  in  the  streets  of 
btadriJ,  with  the  knowledge  of  the 
King  and  Fcrcz.  Delay  was  dan- 
gerous ;  suspicion  might  arise  in  £u- 
covedo's  mind  as  to  the  source  of 
these  ntteuipls.  Perez  gave  instruc- 
tions to  Ilia  page  Antonio  Enriquez  lo 
hire  assasBins.  To  ensure  success,  ac- 
cording);, four  men  were  engaged, 
and  on  tV  night  of  the  ^lat  March, 
1578,  EscDVcUo  fell  beneath  their  dag- 
gers in  the  atreeU  of  Madrid.  Perez 
was  apprised  immedintel;  of  the  fact; 
the  murderers  were  sent  from  Madrid 
lo  I^lilan,  Naplea,  and  Sicily,  amply 
rewarded  by  jn-esents  from  Perez  and 
the  Princess  of  Eholi,  and  appoint- 
ments in  the  army  given  lo  them  by 
the  King. 

The  hour  of  retribution  was  now  at 
hood.  The  widow  and  the  children  of 
Escovedo  cried  uloud  unto  the  King 
for  justice.  Their  appeal  was  sup- 
ported  bjr  Matheo  Vasquez,  a  sccre- 
tarv  of  his  cabinet,  the  sworn  enemy 
of  Perez.  Philip  hesitated ;  Vasijuez 
urged  upon  him  his  duties  na  a  kmg; 
he  recoded  from  them,  conscience- 
stricken  aa  an  accomplice.  He  re- 
ceived the  family  with  much  apparent 
feeling,  read  their  petitionSj  and  pTD- 
miaed  the  most  ample  justice.  Vas- 
ijuei  relaicl  not  hiK  pursuit,  atid  gra- 
dually Philip  was  made  acijuainled 
with  the  amours  of  Perez  and  the 
Princess  of  Eboli,  and  saw  that  he  had 


been  made  the  means  of  his  servant's 
revenge,  and  that  in  his  own  wrong. 

FhUip'a  conduct  was  now  a  master- 
piece of  craft.  Ho  listened  to  Vas- 
i[uez,  he  concerted  with  Perez, —  he 
lured  the  first  to  further  revelations — 
he  promised  thp  latter,  on  the  Iionour 
of akuigbt,  notloabandonhim.  PercK 
knew  the  value  of  the  guarantee,  and 
asked  permission  to  retir«  from  court. 
Philip  refused,  He  next  asked  to  bo 
brought  to  trial,  aware  of  the  deficiency 
of  proof,  and  the  sufficiency  of  the 
King's  orderd.  This  was  refused  also. 
Philip  soon  oAcr  referred  the  alTair  to 
the  Bishop  of  Cordova,  under  whose 
inlluence  the  family  of  Escovedo  with- 


lictwecn  him  and  Perez  increased. 
Philip,  who  could  not  spare  Vasquez, 
Bought  to  gain  time  to  enable  him  lo 
Jiscmbarroas  himself  of  hia  confederate. 
For  this  purpose  he  awiuled  with  the 
most  perfect  self-command  the  arrival 
of  the  Cardinal  de  Granvelle,  whom 
he  had  selected  as  the  successor  of 
Perez;  and  hnrdiv  did  he  cross  the 
tlireshold  of  the  palace  than  the  latter 
vrus  arrested.  Immediately  after,  the 
Princess  of  Eboli  was  sent  to  the 
Castle  of  Pinto,  and  the  King  stood  be- 
neath the  jMirtieo  of  the  church  Santa 
Maria  Majoru  to  witness  her  departure. 
Thiswaaon  the  2tlth  July,  1579.  But 
although  Philip  had  secured,  he  dnrcl 
not  strike  hia  victim.  lie  assured 
iluana  Coello,  the  wife  of  Perez,  that 
his  life  was  safe ;  he  mitigated  the 
rigours  ofhis  confinement ;  but  caught 
eagerly  at  a  charge  of  peculatinn. 
llodrigo  Vasquez  wna  ordered  to  in- 
quire into  the  matter;  the  guilt  of 
Perez  vras  evident.  It  happened  that 
at  this  time  four  of  the  agents  iu  Es- 
cDVedo'a  murder  died  suddeidy,  and 
Enriquez,  under  whom  they 


hud  acted,  suspectins  that  they  bod 
been  poisoned  bjf  Perez,  urgcil  by 
fears  lor  hia  own  life,  now  came  forward 


Philip  put  aside  this 
charge,  hut  allowed  hia  condemnation, 
January  23, 1JH5.  as  a  peculator  of  the 
Slate  funds. 

One  tcrioua  obstacle  to  the  aueecsa 
of  the  King's  designs  still  existed — the 
documentsand  the  order  for  the  murder 
ofEscoTcdo,  in  the  possession  of  Perez. 
Toobtain these wasPhilip'sobject;  he 


Philip  the  SeC'tHil  anH  Antvrtw  Perrs. 


(!>M. 


fore  more  rifforonsly  itnprisoaed,  and 
h(s  wife  ctOellj  coerced,  after  a  noble 
eoiutimc]',  into  their  partial  surrenilcr- 
Tfae  King;  waa  now  lU  e«fc,  his  victim 
wu  i)eleDeeles!>>  hia  honour  conid  not 
be  Bttninted,  snil  with  the  death  of 
Pere«  nil  proof  of  complicity  would 
diMppcar.  lie  irnB  miaUkcn.  Perer, 
with  con«umiuale  duplicitj,  bod  lar- 
rcndered  much  which  associated  Philip 
with  the  crime,  imt  still  withheld  the 
must  importnnt  papcTs.  Elated  by 
Iheir  ill-foundud  Bccuritj',  the  tactica 
of  bis  persccaton  changed.  They 
tempted  Perei  to  confess  the  mnrder, 
upon  the  plei  of  the  King's  order,  and 
deprived,  an  they  conceiyed  him  to  be, 
of  nil  proof?,  thej  hoped  to  condemn 
him,  not  nnlj  as  guillr  of  the  crime, 
but  as  gniltj  aljo  of  calumnialing 
the  King.  Perez  refused  compliance; 
ther  resolved  to  compel  him.  To  thin 
cna  JubQ  Gomez  was  nsjoeiateil  with 
Bodrico  Viwquez,  and  Perci  was  sub- 
miltm  to  the  extremes!  lortnre,  when, 
witli  every  limb  dislocated  by  the  rack, 
wasted  by  fever,  and  the  threat  of  the 
renewal  of  his  snffering!!,  pain  and 
anguish  wrung  the  Ucslrcil  avowal 
from  his  lips. 
And  now  all  seemed  won. 


hut  in  the  very 
lip's  victim  escaped  his  grasp.  The 
treacherv  nod  the  cruelty  of  the  King 
became  Vnown ;  It  awakened  popular 
IHIing^,  and  adeepfnterest  wssexciteil 
in  Ixshelf  of  Pcrei  throughout  Spain. 
Philip  read  his  condemnation  In  the 
looks  of  his  conrtien  •  he  heard  it 
muttered  as  he  meed  in  solitary 
grandeur  the  corridors  of  his  palace. 
**  The  treason  of  sulijects  against  a 
king,"  said  ono  of  hu  nobles,  "  was 
common,  but  what  king  had  ever 
befbn  committed  raeh  Ireamn  against 
asubfcctr"  Tlie  court  preacher  made 
it  the  subject  of  a  discourse,  am! 
warned  his  aurltencc  of  the  dauger  of 
placing  confidence  in  kings.  "Pot 
not  your  tmit  in  princes  was  the 
Rolenm  adjuration  of  Madrid.  For 
Perei:  iiolnlng  rernaincd  bat  death. 
He  knew  that  Vasquex  had  repre- 
sented to  lliiltp  that,  having  nrowtd 


hit  guilt,  deprived  of  all  evidence  to 
support  his  ptea  of  the  Kin^s  orden, 
he  might  now  be  saftly  executed.  In 
this'  extremity  his  last  resonrte  »ti 
flight;  but  how  losocceol*  IVsrtnrt 
hiid  deprived  him  of  the  D«>  of  hit 
limbs ;  he  was  alone,  ill  of  IV-wr, 
rttricily  guard«i.  Ho  owcfl  hb  libC' 
mtion  to  his  wife  and  his  devoted  ad- 
herent Gil  de  Mesa.  NutwIdutaMl- 
i  ng  her  approach  i  ngcon  Snemm  t,  Jmwa 
Cocllo  obtained  permission  to  attend 
him,  and  on  the  20lh  April,  15110.  to- 
wards evening,  Perex,  disguised  m  Itn 
wife's  clothes,  pajrsed  thv  gates  of  ibe 
jn-ison.  Gil  dc  Mesa  wm  at  hand  ont- 
side  the  walla  with  swift  horses,  and, 
instantly  placing  Perez  npon  one,  lbe« 
never  stopped  until  they  hnd  paneo 
the  frouticra  of  Arragon. 


aiituiion  of  Arrngon,  the  Kins  and  tiM 
aubject  before  the  conria  of  Taw  wwe 
equal.  Perez  first  aought  by  submit* 
sion  to  nppmie  the  Kmg's  nngvr;  he 
wrote  from  Calataynd,  oftred  la  cxtle 
hiuiself  to  some  remote  comer  oTllie 
kingdom,  if  only  Philip  would  rvlnt 
and  spare  his  wife  and  children.  I)at 
Hilip's  anger  was  increased  b*  tlic 
evident  pleasure  his  escape  occa«ianed 
at  Madrid.  "  Sire,  who  is  tliis  Antosio 
Perez,"  said  the  court  jder.  Uncle 
Martin,  "  at  whose  escape  nil  the  coart 
rqoiccf?  He  could  not  have  been 
gnilty.  Cheer  up  then,  and  be  nerry 
with  the  others." 
Philip  was  unmoved,  and  threw  hlto 


lublic 


were  In  vaio  ;  such  sufferers  had  only 
fbr  thor  advocate*  innoecnce  nnd  mis- 
fortune, and  the  appeal  lay  to  ItiiKp, 
Orders  were  now  given  to  seise  Pcm, 
dead  or  nltve ;  whereUjwn  lie  threw 
himself  Into  the  convCTt  of  the  Doiid- 
nieans,  as  a  safe  asylum.  Here  be  via 
demanded  by  the  (inrat  of  Arragon, 
Manuel  Zapata,  to  be  acot  to  Mad"^- 


but  Gil  dc  Mesa  went  to  t^aramaat 
and  claimed  the  prtvltegc  of  the  Maal- 
fl»rtado^  the  effect  of  which 


place  him  under  the  protrction  of  the 
supreme  council  of  .\rraffon.  IWb« 
this  tritranal  tbe  cause  at  laal  was  tried, 
and,  driven  to  his  last  rvsonrce,  Penx 
ow  published  hi)  famous  de^c^— 
Memorial  dot  heelio  dc  to  niiim.'* 


la^O  PhiUp  (he  Second  and  Anionio  Perta. 

3n  this  he  avowed  all,  supportine  bis 
statcmenU  b^  tLe  pupers  in  the  Kms's 
hanilwritiag,  nbicb  lie  had  nitiibcTil, 
and  ever;  ana  of  wbivti  iviis  an  ovcr- 
wheluiin^  proof  of  Philip'u  ditUonour, 
of  his  fuUchooil,  \m  biuu  dlsBLinula- 
UoD,  and  hU  uoiiiplicil;  lu  £l«coved<i'fl 
luurdur.    Pvrea  was  acquitted  i  and  , 

again  Ihc  ja;  of  Arragon  was  oohocd,     the  King's  Comni'uisioner, 
honoverfaintly.inthe^aceorMadrid.     dowD,  and,  oltUotigh  Mve<l 


567 

moned  bira,  amid  criea  of  vcngeaucst 
to  revoke  tbe  ordcri  bo  had  civBn. 
For  some  houititlie  Jiuticia  refused; 
but  tbo  people,  banded  by  tbo  nobility, 
rusbcd  frota  the  palace,  and,  amid  cries 
of  "  Contra  l''uoro,"  "  Tlio  Liberties 
of  Arragon,"  Sai-agotna  roic  in  insur- 
rection.   The  Murtjuis  of  Aluienara, 


Tbe  BDCceu  of  Perez  whetted  the  meDt,  died  soon  alter  of  his  wounds. 

desire  for  revenue.     Unlbrlunntely  for  Tbe  A\jaferin  was  next  nttiuiked,  and 

Spain  there  existed,  in  the  name  of  threaltioed  t«  be  burned  down,  with 

religion,   a   power   by  which   liberty,  all  its  inmatcB,  by  a  band  under  the 

oierey,  truth,  and  juatice,   bad  been  diroclion  of  Uil  de  Mesa.     The  Vica- 

drivt'n   from   her    uohlc  soil.      Tbat  roy,   Don    Jaime   Ximena,   and    the 

powerwasthelntiuisition;  and,  evoked  Archbishop  Bobadilbi,  now  urged  tbe 

by  Philip,  it  arose  with  all  ita  horrid  inquisitors   to  release  their  prisoner; 

inlluence  in  his  behalf.    In  tho  bitter-  thia  their  chief,  Molina  de  Mcilrana, 

ness  of  torture,  in  the  exasperstioa  rcsolntely  refused,  nor  was  it  until 

caused  by  theimpriioumenlofhia  wife  the  flames  were  circling  h^h  in  air, 

andchildren,Pcrcxbaduttcrudexpres-  and  tho  smoke  arose  in  thick  eddiea 

sJons  which  tho  cruel  and  unacrupu-  tlial  Uc  yielded.    The  return  to  tbe 

lous  elasticity  of  tbe  laws  of  that  tri-  prison  of  tbe  Manifcstodug  was  a  publia 

buna)  easily  constructed  into  a  chargo  triumph.    These  events  ocrnrred  May 

of  heresy.     The  inquisitor,  Don  Mo-  24,  1591.    Philip's  anger  was  great,  fur 

lina   de   Hcdrana,   and   the  Mortjnis  thcdefeatofthclnquisitionwaahigown. 

Almenara,  tho  royal  commissioner  ol'  But  uC  war  vritbKnglond,  with  bis  sub- 

Arragon,  preferred  the  aucuaation,  and  jeets  in  thoLow  Countries,  and  engaged 

it  was  decided  that  Perez  should  be  to  sup|>ort  the  League  ui  Franco,  it  was 

tranaferrcd   from  the  prison  of  the  impolitic  to  provoke  the  courage 

Manifestados  tothatof  lUelloly  ""■  .     .  i      .■  »                i.    .- 


Fiiilip  rejoiced :  Uic  eourie  was  hence- 
forth clear;  Huborned  witnesses,  secret 
trial,  the  most  cruel  tortures,  death  by 
fire — all  through  the  ngenuy  of  men 
who  wore  the  vestments  of  religii 


people  of  Arragon.  Uc  dissembled  to 
gain  time,  declared  his  determination 
to  uphold  the  Fueros,  that  he  sought 
only  justice  and  tbe  niuinteniince  of 
the  laws,  and  desired  not  to  imprison 
Perez — if  the  Inquisition  said — "  Go 


and  justified  these  acts  in  the  name  of  tVee."      Hj    these    and    mora    secret 

their  Creator  and  Redeemer.  means  of  inAuence  be  won  over  to  his 

But,    notwithstanding  the    secresy  viewg  the  support  of  the  council,  of  tho 

with  whieb  the  inuuisitors  attempted  nobles,  and  the  leaders  of  Saragassa, 

to  transfer  Perez  irom  the  prison  of  It  was  resolved  to  consent  to  the  ez- 

the  Courts  of  Arragon  to  that  of  the  tradition  of  Perez,  and  to  transfer  him 

Inijuisition,  the  event  became  known,  once  more  to  the  prison  of  Aljaferia. 
when    the    chief   nobility,    and    the         This  was  done  on  tho  23rd  Sept. 

populace  to  a  man,  combined  in  his  12111.     All  seemed  lost;  but  one  man 

tHinalf.     They  stopped  (be  carriage  in  alone,   faithful  among  many  faithlen 

tbe  market-place,  where  Don  Martin  found,  bade  Perez  hope.     CoUectins  a 

dc  la  Kuza,  Don  Pedro  de  Bolea,  and  band  of  trusty  adherents,  reaninuitins 

others,  inquired  of  the  officers  what  the  spirit  of  many  of  tbe  gentlemen  m 

— : 9     uMn.i.:™^  «.i.:nt.  »«.._  Arragon, andawaking again, byappeall 

'  I  their  honour,  the  coorage  or  lb* 


IS  going  on '(  "  Nothlni 
cems  you ;  go  your  way,  signer  Cava- 
liers, and  may  God  guide  you," 
the  reply.  A  scene  of  violent  rcn- 
mination  and  reproach  ensued.  They 
charged  the  alcalde  of  the  prison  of 
tbe  Manlfestados  with  base  dereliction  *  ... 

of  his  duty  in  thus  surrendering  bis    gencu  unmoved,  cxprusiinc 
prisoner.    Tliey  seized  Don  Juan  de    graUtudc  to  the  depnu'es,  the  justicia, 
^  U  Nuzn,  the  justicia  mayor,  and  som-    and  the  nobles  of  Arragon,  for  their 


nobility,  GU  de  Mesa  attacked  the  es- 
cort and  rescued  their  prisoni^r.  Pol- 
lowed  by  tbe  loud  acclamations  of  the  - 
people,  Perez  now  'juilted  Saragosia. 
ilip  appeared  to  recdve  the  intelli- 
;  only  his 


PUSp  Ae  SftmmJ  mmd  AmUmio  Pertx, 


B«ttJbe 

It  faith  ra  keud  viskxit  €C<tt- 
fidenee:  aH  men  felt  it  to  be  tW 
calm  which  preeedei  the  doo- 
mpeft.   IVejwerer^   An 

o^ten  thotuaad  men  wai  slovfj 
ed&Bcted,  and  gndailhrdnwa  inwod 
SiJgiMM:  the  Am^viime  made  b«t 
•  ieeUe  defence  :  their  fibertief  aad 
pnrileges  were  aboliihedibr  ever.  The 
jQag^'s  Commmjiiner,  Doo  FrxDCtieo 
Bovgia,  and  the  InqoiBtioo,  next  ap- 
pjBf  gd.  Within  a  lew  monthf  Doo 
iaan  de  la  Kara  the  jastieiarT,  the 
Dake  de  '^lUahermoaa,  the  Cbant 
dTAran-ia,  the  Baroai  de  Barfaoles  and 
de  PnrojT*  were  sooeeaBTel  t  beheaded. 
Many  of  the  leading  gentry  and  com- 
MOB  people  were  hvng;  and,  after 
hairing  ordered  the  mnfiSitioo  of  their 
crtatca,  denttlifhed  their  houses,  fiDed 
Ihe  prijons  of  Arragoo  with  Tietinu; 

into  exile,  Philip  pab- 


teetBOQ  cf  HesTT  the  Fourth  and  of 
Qzabesh.  the  friendship  of  Bncioa  and 
of  Loni  Eflex.  An  intrigniw  spirit 
ad  the  change  ofpolicr  Vast  him  the 
&vonr  of  HeuT,  Fliijbcth  died.  Emex 
expiasedhii  ruhness  oo  the  acaflbhL 
jhimitaiily  old  bj  snfiring 
neglected  br  his 


One  man  alone 
wanled,  Molina  de  hledrana  the  diief 
inqoisitar.  To  the  Holy  Office  Philip 
'  offered  what  remained  of thehurarj 
~be7  eommenced  by  som- 
hondred  and  serenty- 
belbie  their  tribonal; 
ly  fortnnafcelT  had  escaped^  but 
hundred  and  twenty-tluee  were 
hi  their  power.  Of  these  serenty-ninc 
were  condemned  to  death,  andperished 
hi  the  flames  of  an  aato-da-fe,  which 
commenced  at  eisht  in  the  morning 
aad  lasted  by  the  light  of  its  fires  and 
flambeaoz  tul  night  had  descended  on 
the  plains  of  Ssragossa.  The  Coosti- 
tntioQ  of  Arrsgon  was  abolished,  the 
prison  of  AJiaferia  was  cooTerted  into 
a  IbrtresB ;  rhilip*s  power  was  snpreme. 
It  is  only  posBible  to  indicate  the 
dose  of  the  UTes  of  those  oonoemed 
in  the  murder  of  EscoTodo.  Perez 
escaped  into  France,  but  his  life  was 
frequently  attempted  by  assassins  hired 
by  the  Court  of  Spain.  By  his  com- 
nunding  talents  and  graceful  manners 
he  ac<|ujred  ^reat  mfluence  in  the 
saloons  of  Paris,  and  enjoyed  the  pro- 


died  abandoned  br  all  bat  a  ^W  refn- 
and  hii  £utlifal  adherent  GO  de 
at  Paris,  Xor.  S,  1611.  Phifip 
ept.  IS.  1^98.  IVe  genios  of  the 
artirts  of  Spain,  the  weslth  of  the  defgj, 
ad  the  resonrees  of  the  state,  were  ex- 
han^eil  in  the  snmptoons  solesanities  of 
hisliueraL  But,  amid  the  pomp  whU 
veiled  the  eorrwpcian  of  the  tomb,  the 
blase  of  light,  the  swell  of  organs,  and 
the  inUinn  req[aiefls,  diere  arose  the 
thooght  of  the  atrocities  of  Alba,  of  the 
iies  of  the  Inquisition,  of  liberty  de- 
strojed,  of  the  mmder  of  EscoVedOi 
and  the  torture  of  Peres :  and  this  BMB, 
**qilendid  in  ashes  and  pompons  in  the 
graTe,"  was  interred  beneath  a  eon- 
denmation  whidi  God  has  pronooneed, 
and  before  which  all  liring  flesh  mnst 
tremble.  Ixw  belbre  that  tbne  pK«« 
mature  deaths  had  overtaken  the  aasas- 
sins  of  £«»Tedo.  Philip  the  Third 
released  Jnana  Codlo  fixim  impnson- 
saent,  and  she  obtained  the  partial  re* 
storation  of  her  property;  and  after  a 
tedious  process  the  Inquisition  with- 
drew, June  6,  1615,  the  charee  of 
heresy,  and  the  children  ofher  hiMnnd 
were  re-established  in  their  orfl  rights. 
But  the  judgment  against  Plulip  and 
Pteres  no  power  can  reverse.  By  ftltc 
hood  and  treachery  they  had  edmpaased 
their  desio;ns,  and  by  mutual  falsehood 
and  treachery  they  were  stri<^en.  The 
attempted  self-justificatioo,  and  the 
flatteries  of  historians,  have  fidlen  on 
men*s  hearts  ^as  the  cold  moonbeam 
on  a  plain  of  snow,**  for  know  ye  not 

Tint  Imgoeil  i^aiait  yv  are  tbe  Jaat  asd  vise, 

Aad  all  good  aetiOM  of  aU  i«ei  pMt, 
Tsa,  yoor  own  €3i^nmt  snd  trmtli,a»l  Goil  iii 


8 


By  JluBS  Tuoura 


[,  Enq.  Al 


HOW  long  the  mixed  Roman-Bri- 
tish  population  occupied  tbo  diatrict 
now  knonn  as  the  county  of  Leicester 
uudisturbed,  we  do  not  know ;  but  it 
would  almost  seem  tliut  for  a  century 
and  a  half  they  remnincd  here,  subject 
tb  the  occaaiona)  irruplioDB  or  the  bar- 
barons  hordes  of  North  llritain.  Tho 
Saxons  aud  Angles — n  people  from  the 
northern  part  of  what  is  now  the 
kingdom  ofllanoveri — had  been  ma- 
king inroads  and  ei'ttling  in  our  land 
from  about  tlie  year  450  to  350,  Tlie 
Angles  seized  upon  this  pnrt  nt  tbo 
conutry,  and,  it  can  scarcely  be 
doubted,  colon izetl  our  town  and 
county,  either  sub} ug.i ting  the  in- 
habitants and  making  tbcm  ibcir 
glares,  or  expelling  ibemTrom  the  soil. 
I  am  inclined  to  think  the  former; 
because  the  surrounding  territories 
were  already  occupied  by  earlier  Ger- 
inauxc  settlers. 

It  requires  no  great  mental  effort 
to  believe  that  between  the  years  600 
and  700  all  the  villages  in  this  neigh- 
bourhood having  n  Saxon  or  Angnan 
origin  ware  established.  The  wide 
extent  h>  which  the  Angles  colonized 
our  county  may  be  Inferred  from  the 
fact,  that  of  the  400  and  odd  villages 
and  hamlets  now  existing,  about  317 
have  names  clearly  traceable  to  that 
people.  Nor  does  the  circumstance  that 
the  town  was  inhabited  by  amixed  race, 
the  descendants  of  Romans,  Roman 
Bril«ns,  and  Roman  auxiliaries,  de- 
tract from  the  general  inference  that 
the  mass  of  the  people  in  this  quarter 
were  Anglo-Saxons;  fur  !l  must  be 
remembered  that  the  Roman  garrison, 
with  iu  concomitant  population,  was 
withdrawn  in  the  early  port  of  the 
fifth  century — that  irruptions  of  bar- 
barians from  North  Britain  hod,  at 
times,  probably,  cither  slain  many  of 
Ifie  remainder  or  driven  them  away  in 
terror  from  the  place — and  that  we 
ore  not  certain  whether  others  were 
not  theiusclves  of  Germanic  origin. 
The  Anglian  or  Saxon  elements  of  the 
population  must  have  largely  pre- 
ponderated, leaving  very  few  traces 
of  the  earlier  foreign  colonists  in  the 
bcmnigh  of  Ifcicester. 
'*.  Gmbt.  Mao.  Voi-  XL. 


jlhor  of  llic  History  of  Leicester. 

But  the  Saxons  were  nob  talcd  to 
remain  undisturbed  themselves  on  the 
soil  they  had  cnnijuered.  They  had 
scarcely  been  settled  here  three  cen- 
turies before  n  hardier  and  fiercer  race 
invaded  them  in  their  turn-  These 
were  the  seafaring  people  fi'om  the 
shores  of  Denmark — the  Danes.  The 
first  notice  of  their  hostile  visits  occurs 
in  the  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle,  under 
llie  date  787,  followed  by  another 
under  the  dale  793,  where  ther  are 
described  as  "Northmen  and  beallien*. 
destroyers  of  God's  churches."  They 
cnnie  across  the  sen  in  numberless 
boats,  and  were  headed  by  leadera, 
called  Vikings.  They  anchored  at  the 
mouths  of  [be  riTcra,and  layabout  the 
islands  on  the  coasts.  The^  often 
sought  the  Wanh  in  Lincolnshire,  and 
usually  followeil  the  couroc  of  the 
large  rivers,  with  their  principal  tribu- 
taries, into  the  inner  parts  of  the 
country.  It  is  not  our  purpose  to  detail 
their  successive  ntovements  and  occa- 
sional defeats.  We  have  only  In  deal 
with  broad  and  ultimate  facta ;  and 
therefore  Ft  is  enough  to  state  that 
towards  the  latter  part  of  the  ninth 
century,  about  the  year  900,  the  Danes 
became  masters  of  this  district,  the 
town  itself  falling  Into  their  hands;  and 
that  tliey  occupied  both,  with  occa- 
sional in lerruptions,  until  the  conquest 
of  England  by  the  Normans.  We  ha-t 
also  existing  evidence  of  Danish  c 
pancy,  like  that  remaining  relative 
the  Anglo-Saxons,  namely,  the  ' 
of  their  rural  settlements. 

Ou  an  analysis  of  the  names  of  the 
villages  of  this  county.  It  Is  found  that 
eighty-seven  are  of  Danish  or  Danish- 
Norwegian  derivation.  It  seems  that  all 
ending  in  ba  or  Ihorjie  are  of  this  class : 
tlie  syllable  by  in  the  old  Norse 
language  meant  at  first  a  single  farm, 
afterwards  a  town  io  general;  theword 
Ikorpe  in  the  same  tongue  designate^ 
a  collection  of  houses  separated  fror~' 
some  principal  estate.  Now  there  arel 
Leicestershire  sixty-six  plac"-  -"''!- 
in  ba,  and  nineteen  in  thorpe. 

From  a  glance  at  a  map  of  Leicester- 
shire, any  one  will  perceive  tlmt  the 
grouping  of  the  actllemcnls  of  the 
4D 


570 

Northmen  is  not  accidental  and  unde- 
sigaed.  Tnke,  for  example,  thogc  in 
Framluid.  The  very  name  of  the 
hundred,  given  to  it  undoubtedly  by 
the  Anglo-SaKons,  would  seem  tn  de- 
signate the  dintrictj  for,  as  in  some      .. .  . 

parts  of  Eugknd  lo  tbU  day  strangers     of  these  ri 

unlikely  thepei 


Jmmigratioti  of  the  Scaudittavians  into  Leicrgtei'Mre.     [Dec 

This,  I  take  it,  is  alike  the  line  KoA 
very  much  the  order  of  the  I 
narion  inroad  into  otir  county. 
Soar  and  the  Wrekc  wory  their  ' 

EiLes,nnd,tbe3esettlementebcim, 
lisbcd,  it  is  not  iuinroluiblc  the  U 
Mth  [tides  were  ni 


lopTe  livi. 


Oni 


>softl 


LTulet  branch 

Sileby;    . 


■    '  '''i"8 '"  tbiscounty, 
when  tlie  Danea  settled  in  it,  would 
give  to  the  district  the  uame  of  the 

fivn  land,orthclandoftheforcipicr9;      .    .  .  _, 

and  assuredly  it  and  the  contiguous     side,  and  Barkby,  Qarsby,  Gaddenf) 
ground  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Wreke     Aahby  Folvitlc,  nnd  Little  Dalby,  f 
(now  in  East  Goscote)  would  well  de-     the  south  side.     Nor  do  1  doubt  t|^ 
wrve  the  desif^ation,  the  largest  pro-     nine  hundred  or  a  thousand  ye 
portion  of  £yi  and Ihorpetlii  the  county     those  brooks,  however  shallow  ai 
being   here  met   with.     The   district     row  now,  would  be  then,  in  most  a 
was  chosen  by  the  pirate- foreigners,     periodically  nnfisablc  by  tlie  G 
and  appropriated  by  them,  and  for  a     of  the  Northmen,  leading  to  the  1 
;;ood  roason — it  suited  Iheir  purpose     Htrenms  as  our  villtiffe  lanes  do  t<_ 
admirably,  and  would  remind  them  of    highways,  and  afibrdtng  to  them  d 
their  home  scenery.  nels  of  communication  either  for  hi 

The  creat  avenue  to  the  heart  of    Uiglit  or  for  concerk-d  action  witlitl 
Englana  for  the  Northmen  was  formed     computriots  of  the  district, 
by  the  rivers  Humbcr  and  Trent,  the 
latter  emptylnR  into  the  former  near 
Barton  iu  North  Lincolnshire.   When 
they  had  con<juered  that  county  fwhicli 
would  appear  to  have  been  their  ear- 
liest achievement),  they  would  Giid  the 
Trent  to  answer  the  purpose  which  the 
Midland  Hallway  now  serves  to  the 
midlands  us  b  highway  of  coimiiuni 
cation.     Having  further  made  Not 
llngham  and  Derby  their  own,  they 
atvm  to  have  next  entered  the  Soar 
vhtra  it  on>pticg  iiaclf  into  the  Trent, 
and  stealing  on  in  their  light  harks. 
bivouacking  on  the  bankj  when  they         ......  ^ 

balled,  they  rcui^hol  the  cmbouebure  behind.  We  tlien  enter  n. 
of  lb*  Wnrke-  Having  turned  into  where  the  Northman  would  have  R: 
llhU  ttreani,  with  its  fair  sloping  banks  himself  over-matched,  and  where 
'  ~>  elcTBt«il   ridges,    they  were     bark  could  not  safoly  carry  him  thro 


the  Wreke  groups  of  sclllemento  ■ 
'  e  found  also  to  apply  tc  ''     "     '  ~ 

,s  tributaries  sou  ill  ol  Li 

re  6Dd  Blaby  and  Kilbr,  LubbeelW 
.llie  village  of  Lubba)  and  Endtr* 
Normanton  (Norihiiiantowij^  h 
Elmcslhorpc,  and  Kirkby.I^imi' 
undAsbbyrarvu,  Arnesoyand! 
by,  all  near  to  rivulets ;  but  W_ 
approach  tha  more  purely  • 
Saion  ahires  of  Norlhamntc 
Warwick,  and  leave  the  sire 
connexion  with  the  Boar  m 
Wreke,  wc  find  the  bys  are  a 


^_&Hl«d 


it  the! 


Hen 


,  a  few  miles  up  the  i  .  . 
bank,  the  vilUge  of  Rcarsby, 
the  same  side,  n  nillc  or  two 
Ofh  Brookciby  and  Itothcrby, 
la  Hoby  on  the  right  side  of 
I,  and  a  little  lurther  on, 
1  Kirby,  with  Asfordby 
(idfti 


filly  carry  hin 
the  lueadowB  occupied  oy  t 
SssoQ  thanes  and  farmer}. 

It  may  liere  be  appropriate  to  d 
the  relative  position  occupied  V- 
neighbouring  coun^cs  to  our  ewn, 
respect  to  the  oharuut«r  of  their  pL 
lations.  To  the  north  of  us  tnV 
tinghamshirc  and  Derbyshire. 
(according .  to  a  table    given    ' 


._  ...  _  intereitiDg  v., 
0  n  tiquary ,  WortM  p*) 


*  The  Dbbc*  and  Northmen  in  ED|1and. 


1(453.]     Ivimigration  of  the  Seandtnaoiatu 

, ,  opposition  raiaeil  to  bis  bniiDer  bj  titb  , 

S  rediiectively,  Linooloshire  Duiiiati-NDrwegiiin    settlers  vriu  UD- 

being  composed  of  a  prcpon'Ieralinglj  coiuproiuiriiu;   ^"d   dmnilj.     la   the 

Scauilinaviau  populatiou.    So  aiurkeil  lattei-  ciue,  tuerefure,  the  ttruggle  wm 

IS  the  conlrast  between  LcicealoraUre  for  lite  anil  ilcftth.     WiU'iam  wus  the 

itnd  Wnnrickahire,  which  nre  iliviilcd  victor,  itnd  hi;  then  tuaile  Xortbum- 

bj  the  ancient  boimdur;  (tho  Walling  bn'a  n  i^ikniblea,  imtl  ten  it  a  deserL 
Street)  that  was  set  up  to  st^parote  the         I  infer  that  the  ut^odntioDs  of  the 

Danelagh  from  the  SitxonpLrt  of  Mcr-  Conqueror  had  some  port  Fn  the  *'pa- 

cio,  that  while  In  this  county  the  Scnu-  cificatioa  "  of  the  Midhinds,  from  the 

dinavinn    coloiiiflts    hod   67    abiding-  facts  recorded  in  the  Domewtav  Book 

plaDCB,  in  Warniokibire  they  had  only  relati»e  to  tho  number  of  freehotdera 

three!  existing  in  varioos  counties  when  that 

How  the  Anfflo-Saxons  and  Danes  I'ecord  was  token.     It  is  evident  that 

i-cttled  down  ^ttmati^ly,  history  does  had  the  population  been  subjugated 

not  exSctlj  inform  us ;  but  the  Danes  in   a   mass   by  Williuco,  there  wuuld 

were  oil  seated  in  one  (luarter,  and  the  have  been  only  two  dasscs — the  ten 

earlier  occupiers  iji  nuotfaer.      Liter-  conquerors  and  the  lunny  conqiiereii; 

marriageswith  thefemaleaof  theSozDu  but  we  find  that  in  [he  Danish  coun- 

race  must  have  led  tb  tho  Angliciung  of  ties  of    Lincolnshire,    Leicestershire. 

ihepopulation  iu  the  eastern, midland,  Nottinghamshire,  and   Derbyshire,  t 


and  northern  districts  of  the  countnr  i 
though  the  l^ndinaviun  blood  was  fnr 
loo  plentiful  to  permit  of  its  absorption 
in  the  veins  of  the  Angliiui  and  mixed 
populations,  and  fdeutiful  enough  to 
ensure  for  it  the  dccitled  perpetuation 
of  the  Danish  clement. 

Evury  render  of  our  natiunui  history 
knows  that  some  of  the  i 


iteriueiliate  class  of  persons  was  at 
that  time  established,  known  as  '■  soke- 
uien,"  whose  tennrc  of  their  lands  was 
not,  strictly  speaking,  servile.  They 
resembled  the  modem  copyholder*, 
tlieir  farms  uassing  by  inheritance  to 
tbeir  sons,  tliey  paying  cerlnin  runla 
and  perforiuing  cerbtin  feudal  duties, 
the  feudal  lord  having  no  power  be- 


Danes,  and  th.U  there  was  finally  u     yond  this  over  their  property.     Now 


kind  of  political  fusion,  if  there  was 
not  a  blending  of  races,  before  tlie 
Norinan  conquest.  That  great  event 
is  generally  supposed  to  ^ru  fairly 
confounded  Anglo-Saxon  and  Dane  in 
a  common  calamity,  obliterating  all 
traces  of  their  individualities  as  sepa- 
rate peoples,  'lliis  idea  deserves  exa- 
mination, and  therefore  we  will  pause 
before  it  for  a  brief  space. 

The    subjugation    of    England   by 


the  numbers  of  "  aokemen  "  in  each  of 
the  counties  named  was  as  follows : — 
Lincolnshire     .     .     .   11,322 
Ldocstershire       .    .     I,7IS 
Nottinghamshire  -     ■     l,56S 
Derbyshire.     .     .     .        127 
^t  this  time  the  town  of  Leicester 
bad  undergone  a  fearful  change.     We 
have  already  noticed  that  the  North- 
men captured  it  about  the  ^cor  900: 
they  hold  it  for  twenty  or  thirty  years, 


William  Duke  of  Normandy  was  not  when  Etheltlieda,  the  I^lercion  queen, 

clTected  readily  and  in  a  brief  space  of  disposucascd  them.     For  a  few  years  it 

time.     The  battle  of  Hastings,  how-  was  in  Saxon  hands,  and  then  it  passed 

ever  disastrous  to   the  Anglo-Datusli  to  llie  Daues  again  until  the  year  940, 

inhalutants,  was  not,  strictly  speakmg,  when  the  Saxons  once  more  held  it 

conclusive  in  its  eHLSili  for  the  larse  until   the  year   1013,   about   seventy 

towns  and  districts  required  afterwards  years.    Again  the  Danes  became  its 

to   be   conquerei]   in    detail:    and   it  masters  for  twenty-eight  years,   and 

appears  that  thu  process  varied  in  dif-  then   the  Saxons  resumed  possesMon 

ferent  parts  of  England,     fnthesoutb,  until   the  Conquest,  when  the  havoc 


where  the  ancient  mixed  races  and  the 
Anglo-SezouB  dwell,  the  populatiou 
was  fairly  beaten  and  enslaved  i  in  the 
Midlands  we  have  reason  for  believing 
that  the  Anglo-Danes  were  brought 
under  the  Norman's  sway  by  meuus  of 
■'"I  and  militaniM 


.-n -J  ,. — 1-     mentioned  in  Domesday  Book  (pilb- 

'  \l;  in  the  North  of  England  the     lislicdinCurtis'sLeicesterahirejairDrds 


the  place,  on  the  siege  by 
the  Norman  army,  reduced  it  to  ruin, 
and  its  male  inhabilants  appear  either 
to  have  been  slain  in  the  coullict  or 
to  have  lied  elsewhere. 

A  summary  of  the  dilTerent  chtssea 


SJi        Immi^aHoH  of  the  ScandinaviaM  inlo  Leiettterthire. 

TU  Mine  iaglght  inlo  Uie  nature  of  (be  OUtiactive  origin  would  sooD  be  lost, 
dHTerentracesfouDdherenbentheeiir-  from  (he  operation  of  two  cause  "' 
TCj  was  t^en.  The  entire  niunber  of  frequent  iDtermarriage  of  the  r«nt«- 
penDnsforth)dcouQtjia€415;buttbe7  sentatives  of  the  rac«s  nith  eacb  ouier, 
are  posiibly  the  male  atlulw  only.  Ot  and  the  migration  ofpeople  from  one  aite 
tliese,  the  chief  proprietors  numbering  (^auolber.  Tothis  I  replj,  Ihst  theal- 
A3,  llieknigh(aanillbL(DC»27,theeccle-  liance  of  personjof  diflcrentraces  Mid 
siastics  and  pricsta  34,the  principal  ten-  atntions  would  be  far  more  anlikelj'  in 
milt  under  tliem  101,  mnj  be  set  down  the  centuries  imiucdintel]' following  tbe 
asKormans — altogether  214;  the  soke-  Conquest  than  it  is  now,  when  aocial 
men  I7I6,  burgesses  371,  and  bailiffs  distinctions  are  relaxed.  TbeXoRuau, 
9,  ill  the  whole,  2006,  were  nrobnbly  alwojs  haughty,  and  doubly  to  when 
Anglo- Danish ;  the  riUnns  (half  sinves)  he  bod  become  a  conqueror,  lookinff 
numbering  2446,  were,  it  may  be,  on  nil  around  him  as  bij  viusals  ana 
mainly  An"lo-Saxoii;  and  the  bordars  serfs,  was  little  likely  to  wed  the 
(1285),  with  the  serfs  proper,  the  most  Kowena  of  his  neigbbourhooil,  haw- 
object  and  miserable  order  of  beings,  ever  fai*  her  complexion,  and  blue  her 
tl74,  were,  I  assume,  the  descendants  eye,  and  comely  her  countenance ;  the 
of  tjie  ancient  Celtic,  Romanized  Bri-  Daiiisb  gentleman  was  somewhAt  Akin 
tisb,  and  mixed  races,  who  had  for  to,  and,  perhaps,  imitated  his  feudal 
centuries  been  enslsTed,  and  were  kept  superior  m  this  respect ;  and  the  Soxob 
on  a  farm  in  tbe  same  way  as  the  farmer  would  be  equally  repelled  frooi 
cattle  were  treated, — beasts  of  burden,  an  alliance  with  his  bondwoman.  'Hk 
liuving  no  property  in  or  out  of  them-  intermarriages  between  Dane  and 
selres,  and  fed  and  Uttered  in  sheds  Saxon  were,  however,  more  likely, 
with  the  swine  nud  oxen  of  the  land*  from  a  rnriely  of  reasons ;  but  ibe 
owner.  pride  of  slxtion,  and  not  totally  extinct 
Thi>  relative  proportions  of  the  races  hatred  of  race,  would  long  cause  all  t)i« 
(if  Ihis  estimate  be  correct,  being  based  classes  to  hold  aloof  from  each  ot}icr. 
on  the  presumption  that,  after  the        With  regard  to  tbe  removal  of  ji 


Conquest,  every  class  of  the  nnlivea 
pressed  that  below  it  a  degree  lower) 
woidd  be  thus: — Normans  214i  An- 
glo-Danes 2096;  An^lo-Saxons  'iiid; 
the  mixed  Celtic  mliabitonts  165)). 
Supposing  these  numbers  to  represent 
the  relative  proportions  of  the  races, 
tberc  would  appear  tu  bavc  been  three 
of  the  Scandinavian  and  Saxon  racea 


from  one  district  to  auoilier,  tbis, 
in  the  early  part  of  the  middle  Bgm, 
was  aluioel  imponible,  as  the  land, 
tike  a  loadstone,  held  all  to  its  turflK«. 
The  servile  classes  could  not,  dared  not, 
venture  from  tbe  estate  on  wbii-b  tbcj 
toiled,  and,  in  fact,cuuld  not  be  atien- 
ated,  for  they  were  sold  with  an  eatste 


)  the  s 


way 


9  the  t 


form,  three  in  eiiTj  100  of  the  inha- 
bitants wer«  of  Norman,  33  of  Danish, 
3S  of  Anjjlo-Saxon,  and  :>6  of  mixed 

Celtic  denvatton. 


The  villeins  or  farmers  were  hereditary 
tenantd,  and  bound  byrarious  reitric- 
tinns  to  their  forms.  Tbe  gentry  were 
virtually  the  owners  of  the  estates, 
subject  to  military  scrricc  to  the  Rreat 
baron,  their  mzerain.    And  (he  lords 


After  the  Norman  Conquest  no  fresb     of  higbest  rank  lived  on  their  principal 
immigrations  of  foreigners  took  place     manors  in  their  castles.     In  tbe  toirn 


will  be  explained  hereafter. 

About  a  hundred  years  after  tbe 
Concjuest  several  of  the  large  cosUm 
here  referred  to  were  standing.     In  an 


I  this  1 
llie  races  gradually  settled  down  i 
classes  \  the  Norman  probably  repre- 
senting tbe  aristocracy,  the  Danish  the 
gentry  and  yeomen,  tbe  Saxon  the 
buraher  population  and  farmers,  and 
tbe  Celtic  race  the  labourers  and  slaves 
of  the  villages.  These,  of  course,  would 
be  the  general  facts,— exception!  to  (er,  in  tbe  year  I  Ml,  the  caalle*  of 
tbem  there  would  uoiloubledty  be, —  Mountsorrol  and  Ravenstono  an  n- 
but,  in  the  main,  I  think  they  may  be  fcrredtoi  but  there  were  otlierabeskld 
relied  on.  theK,*BBtBclvoir,  Sauveynear  Wtli> 

It  uay  bo  argued  that  all  traces  of    cote,  Whitwick,    Shilton,    llioekley, 


1853.3     Immigration  of  the  Scandh 


Leicentei'thire. 


Grobj,  Donington,  Molton,  Scngravo,  At  tlie  samu  time  the  inhnbitonts  of 
Tiiorpc  Arnold,  iind  I^icester.  Of  the  borougli  were  multiplying  under 
these,  four  were  foun<led  (according  the  operntion  of  influencea  strongly 
to  Burton)  by  the  Norman  Earl  of  arerse  to  indiscriminate  admixtures  of 
Leicester,  two  by  Grontmeenit  the  rave.  From  the  circumstance  that  the 
Lord  of  Hinckley,  and  the  olhoTH  by  tribute  paid  to  the  Conqueror  by  the 
lesser  bnronR.  inhabitants   of  Leicester,    when    the 

It  is  impoMibletotrDcelinenllycven  Survey  was  taken,  was  reckoned  in 
the  feudal  barons  and  their  chief  Danisii  money,  it  is  to  be  inferred  that 
tenants  Irom  (lie  time  of  the  Norman  the  dominant  portion  of  the  inhabitants 
Coniiuest  1  for  surnames  were  not  yet  were  of  that  origin,  liut  it  matters 
adopted,  and,  when  ther  were,  the  little  to  our  inquiry  what  they  were, 
large  landowners  took  t&e  names  of  as,  not  more  than  a  century  and  a  quar- 
tlicir  cslates, — members  of  the  same  tor  after,  the  townspeople  were  corn- 
family  being  known  by  difTerent  pelled  to  leare  the  place  in  a  roass, 
names,  liut  heraldry  here  steps  in  to  after  a  sieRe  by  the  army  of  Henry  the 
aid  us  in  identifying  families  and  dis-  Second, — some  settling  at  St.  Albon's, 
ccrning  relationships.  The  science  of  and  others  at  lOdmundsbury.  The  dc- 
blazonrr  does  not  appenr  to  hnve  been  scendnnts  of  the  original  LuiceBtrians 
reduced  to  a  system  before  the  Cru-  are  therefore  to  be  sought  (if  there  l)0 
sades,  or  between  the  years  1130  and  any  remote  chance  of  finding  tlicin)in 
...1.1.  I    .       ....     those  places.  ' 

This  event  happened  in  the  year 
1173,  In  or  before  the  year  llMi  the 
town  appears  to  have  been  populated 
afresh, — from  what  quarter  it  is  not 
clear.     But  we  have  n  record  extant 


hiu    shield     of    arms.      The    ancient 
Earls  of  Leicester  used  a  cinqiiefoil 


it  at  the  present  d  _, 

the  borough  of  Leicrster.  To  their  of  that  date  which  will  give  i 
iiriuuipal  tenants  (who  in  war  were  insight  b to  the  matter.  It  is  the  most 
bound  to  assemble  at  their  summons,  ancient  preserved  among  the  town 
and  to  serve  under  their  leading,)  they  archives.  It  is  the  roll  of  the  merchant 
granted  the  privilege  of  copying  their  guild  ;  and  gives  the  names  of  all  who 
bhiclds,  the  heralds  midiing  adiffercnce  entered  into  the  guild,  or  body  of 
in  the  colours  of  the  cinquefoil  and  burgesses,  in  the  ycnr  last  named, 
the  ground.  Of  these  families,  traces  when  King  John  had  only  recently 
of  twenty  at  least  may  be  met  with  in  ascended  the  throne.  The  names 
ancient  records,  histories,  and  the  number  not  more  than  seventy, 
painted  j^lass  of  our  village  churches.  A  considerable  proportion  of  these 
I'l.™  n.,!,..;...]  nsmcd  a^o  m^w!b«i  (jf  namcs  may  guide  us)  are  purely 
Scandinavian ;  at  a  rough  guess,  we 
may  say  one -third;  so  that,  from  what" 
ever  quarter  the  new  inhabitants  w 


^  Mortivnl, 

Astley,  Viltiers,  Burdolfi^,  Maurcward, 
Cnltoft,  Hnnberk,  Anecrvillc,  Clifton, 
Holon.Turville,  Hamilton,  and  Walsh- 

.-dl.      A    smaller    number    also   held  collected — whether  they  were  the  ex- 

under  the  Lords  Albany  of  Belvoir  pelled  burgesses  or  persons  from  other 

Castle,  including   Ch.irnels,    Kcrrietl,  towns  and  the  surrounding  rural  dis- 

Kohand,  and  Staunton.     In  addition  tricta — the  races  were  proportioned  to 

to  these  are  the  names  of  d'Anvcrs,  each  other,  apparently,  as  they  had 

Ashby,  Bassett,  Beaumont,  Belgrsvc,  been  prevbusly. 

Uurdetl,    Furnhom,    Hnreourt,    Sea-        But  two  facia  testify  as  to  the  pre- 

ejave,   Satchvillc,   Temple,  Wiehard,  pondernting  Influence  and  numerical 

/oucb,  and  others.  prevalence  of  the   Northmen  in  this 

These,  or   most    of  these,  are  the  borough  within  the  centutnes  immc- 

namesof  knights  and  gentlemen  either  diately  succeeding  the  Norman  Con- 

of  Norman  origin  or  descent,  who  had  quest.     The  first  of  these  is  tlie  exist- 

possessions  in  Leicestershire  as  early  cnce  at  that  date  of  the  ctutom   of 

M  the  Conquest,  or  not  later  than  two  duelling  in  cases  of  disputcl  possession 

•ies  after  that  event;  and  most  of  property.     The  second  is  the  mode 

'"I  thcT  avoid  in  their  family  of  succession  to  lands  and  booses  then 

"«cd   dilf;rioration  in  operation. 

Now  it  is  well  known  that  to  nothing 


574        Immigration  of  the  Scandinavians  into  Leicestershire.      [Dec. 


do  races  of  mankind  more  pertinaci- 
ously cling  than  to  the  customs  they 
inherit  from  their  ancestors,  especially 
those  relating  to  property.  These  be- 
came part  of  their  life,  their  polity, 
their  very  being.  Hence,  in  nothing 
is  the  influence  of  race  more  clearly 
and  undeniably  shown,  for  generation 
afler  generation,  than  in  the  customs 
of  a  people.  If  there  be  one  usage 
more  decidedly  traceable  to  the  Scan- 
dinavian colonists  than  another  it  is 
the  duel,  or  holme-gang,  as  it  was 
called,  from  the  circumstance  of  the 
combatants  meeting  on  a  holme  or 
island,  and  there,  by  an  appeal  to  the 
sword,  deciding  their  controversy — a 
mode  of  settlement  so  natural  to  a 
proud,  *liigh-spiri ted,  and  warlike,  but 
unchristian  race.  This  custom  we  have 
the  high  authority  of  Worsaae  for 
attributing  to  the  Danish-Norwegian:*. 
It  wa/i  in  force  in  Leicester  during 
the  earldom  of  Robert  de  l^numont, 
at  the  commencement  of  the  twelfth 
century.  I  have  introduced  the  exam- 
ple into  the  History  of  Leicester,  as  it 
was  recorded  by  certain  jurors,  who, 
in  the  year  125:2,  were  appointeil  to 
investigate  the  origin  of  a  local  pay- 
ment called  "  gavelpennies."  The 
circumstance   was  touching,   and  the 

Sathos  of  the  story  shines  tTirough  the 
ust  which  centuries  have  shed  on  the 
mouldering  parchment,  now  lying 
among  its  congeners  in  our  muniment 
room.  The  combatants  were  of  Scan- 
dinavian origin,  as  their  names^— 
Nichola^j  Aconson  and  Gcofirey  Ni- 
cholson— imply,  and  they  were  kins- 
men. They  had  prolonged  the  duel 
from  early  morning  until  after  noon, 
when  one  seeing  tiie  other  about  to 
fall  into  a  pit-,  in  a  moment  of  com])as- 
sion  cautioned  his  opponent  of  his 
danger,  and  the  bystanders  raided  a 
shout  at  the  incident,  which  drew  the 
Norman  earl  from  his  castle  adjoining. 
The  interference  of  the  leading  bur- 

f esses  then  led  to  an  interview  with 
im  and  to  the  discontinuance  of  the 
duel, — and  to  the  institution  of  the  trial 
by  jury.  Thenceforward  the  milder 
and  more  civilised  custom  prevailed. 

With  reference  to  the  succession  to 
property,  we  are  told  that  the  Vikings 
of  the  North  were  wont  to  send  their 
elder  sons  to  sea,  and  in  search  of  a 
fortune,  while  the  youngest  son  would 
inherit  the  patrimony.      When  they 


had  changed  their  mode  of  life,  thej 
still  adhered  to  the  usage.  Now  it  is 
recorded  that  up  to  the  time  of  Simon 
de  Montfort  this  custom  was  observed 
in  Leicester ;  but  that  celebrated  baron 
gave  his  burgesses  here  a  eharter 
abolishing  it,  and  substituting  for  it  the 
law  of  primogeniture,  at  their  earnest 
request. 

In  the  borough,  every  burgess  pos- 
sessed privileges  which  he  would  not 
readily  forfeit  by  removing  elsewhere, 
to  a  place  where  he  would  have  to 
acquire  others  by  purchase.  The  pre- 
judices of  race  largely  conduced,  also 
(as  we  have  seen),  to  the  preservation 
of  the  population  from  an  indiscrimi- 
nate or  extendetl  intermingling,  while 
the  circumstances  in  which  the  classes 
were  situated  prevented  their  frequent 
removal  from  place  to  place. 

As  instances  in  proof  of  the  latter 
statement,  it  would  not  be  difficult  to 
show  cases  in  which  the  families  of  the 
cultivators  of  the  soil  have  held  their 
farms    for    centuries    in    succession; 
while  in  boroughs  we  know   that  the 
possessors  of  guild  privileges — such  as 
exemption  from  toll,    permission    to 
carry  on  business,  eligioility  to  enjoj 
civic  honours  —  have  transmitted  to 
their  descendants  for  generations  the 
enjoyment  of  those  privileges.   I  could 
adduce  an  example,  from  my  own  in- 
quiries, of  a  famdy  of  the  middle  class 
being  enabled  to  trace,  for  nearly  two 
centuries  and  a  half,  the  inheritance  of 
these  local  advantages.     In  Leicester 
the  family  of  Wigston  (one  of  whom 
founded  the  hospitol  bearing  his  name), 
and  of  a  subsequent  date  that  of  Hay- 
rick, are  striking  instances  of  the  per- 
petuation of  town  families  for  genera- 
tions on  the  same  spot ;  but  they  were 
paralleled  by  the  mass  of  the  free  popu- 
lation of  the  town,  though  in  a  less 
obvious  and  discoverable  way. 

Yet  there  were  causes  for  the  break- 
ing ui)  the  social  castes  created  bj  the 
feudal  system  after  the  Conquest,  and 
for  the  mixing  of  the  population. 
Principal  among  these  may  be  enu- 
merated the  Civil  AVars  of  the  15th 
and  17th  centuries.  During  the  pre- 
valence of  what  arc  culled  the  "  Wars 
of  the  Roses,"  the  ancient  Norman 
families  were,  it  is  known,  in  some  cases 
almost  extirpated.  The  contest  was 
one,  indeed,  of  mutual  extermination 
among  the  aristocracy  and  the  gentry 


1853.]     Immigration  of  the  Scandinavia 

dill  tbis  count; 


t  into  LeiceHerthtrf-      57^  J 


of  Noraiim  origin 

I>rove  an  exception  w  tua  role,  iw- 
sides,  old  families  of  i\ua  race  became 
extinct  from  natural  causes,  nnd  de- 
geoerntcd  und  ilisaolved  from  the  in- 
fluence of  the  division  of  property. 

Of  the  yaj  in  which  the  old  Nor- 
man fiiniilies  degcnerotcti,  became  im- 
poTeriahed,  and  in  lime  obscure,  Bur- 


grew  in  weuilh  and  importance.    C . 

so'|uently,  tJie  privileged  races  by  d6^  ' 
gri-'es  recruit<?d  their  numbers  by  ac*  I 
ces9io09  from  [he  Aiiglo-Dnnish  and  , 
AnglO'Saxon  inhabitants  of  cities  anf  ] 
UiiT&s.  but  not  to  a,  large  extent. 

_   .  ._ ,  _     .  Between  the  lirteenlb  century  aod    I 

ton,  the  topographer,  gives  an  instance     the  present  day  tlie  tendency  to  tho   ' 
in  his  history  ofthc  county,  published     e&acing  of  all  diScrencca  of  race  hqi 
in  the  year  1622.    He  says:  been  gTowing  more  powerful  in  evefj 

Sir  Robert  Wooilfard,  koiglit,  bad  iaaae     succeeding  gcuerntion,   owing  to  tm 
Thomu,  who  died  io  the  life  of  hii  hthir,     abolition  of  tbc  feudal  nystcm,  of  cla^ 
leaving    Usae    John,   Waller,   Humfrej,     privileges,  and  ofcivic  monopolietsaud 
Rjife,  and  John,  among  which  five  •ons     m  the  yearly-increaaing  facilities  fW 
the  Mid   Sir  Robert   Woodford,  in  the     locomotion.     Society  has  cverywhen 
twenty-.uih  of  Hen7  the  SUih  (being     become  le«s  stationary,  and  caste  iB^ 
«r,od)d,v.ded^lhbUnd,.     To  John,      fl„^„^„    ,^,,    bindiog'and    operatlvd  1 
«  of  the  wid Tbom«  Wood-     g^^  ^^^^  ^.^j  j^e  pRde  of  bSrth  a«3  \ 
race  lives,  and  our  municipal  institn*  J 
tions  favour  fixed  residence ;  while  otp  1 
settlement  laws  and  agricultural  tenure*   J 
uro  preventatives  to  a  rapid  fusion  tK  I 
the  rural  population  of  different  dij^  / 


inouiry. 


ne  to  the  second  head  of  J 
— What  traces  exist  amoitjt  J 


ford,  bis  100,  he  gave  his  manor  of  Sprox- 
ton  md  lundg  in  WiggmlitiU  anil  Tilaey, 
in  the  count;  of  Norfolk,  and  lands  in 
EaitOD  aad  South  Stoke,  in  the  comity  of 

And  then  Burton  enumerates  how 
all  the  estates  were  parcelled  out 
among  the  remainder  of^lho  five  sons; 
following  up  the  recital  with  a  few 
pathetic  reflections : 

Bj  reason  of  which  diviaion  to  made 
that  ancient  familj  (which  had  continued     •— — ~;—  ;■;■ —  —v,-     -,— ;  i— r — --- 
long  in  great  account,  eslate,  and  liveli-     settled  in  this  district  eight  centum 
iiood),  wu  In  ihorl  ipacr.  utterly  decayed     ago  would  transmit  to  their deacendantt    , 
and  gone,  and,  as  1  have  heard,  not  any     proofs  of  their  former  existence  h^ 
part  of  theae  lands  (thus  diiposed)  to  be     and  of  their  permanent  inlluence.     nk   \ 
name  of  anir  hdr     should   expect   to   hear  traditions   of   | 
them ;   to  learn  that  once  prevalent 
customs yctlingcred  among  us;  tofind 
oncientremains  of  them;  to  see  ancieot    i 
family  names  kept  up ;  and  to  traM 


HI      UI-UE  '*°S?     I 

Dutiniued     tliem selves  variously.     The  popuUtJott  1 


r  ill  the  tenarc  i 
male  deicended  from  Boy  of  thein  fire 
brothers:  and  tovus  of  the  male*  lived  la 
be  branghl  to  a  very  low  ebb  of  fortune. 
The  like  inalanceii  may  be  given  of  others 
in  this  skite,  and 


f  too  manr  in  other     '""'"/  i'i"i'>^=  nui".  uji ,  «iiii  i-u  ubuo 
A  lameowble  thing     pI'Jsiogoomicnl  and  eraniological  peco-i    | 
(proceedi  Burton)  it  ii  to  sea  an  ancient     banttes  to  the  present  day,  and  to  d^- 
honse  so  rent  in  pieces,  and  the  heir  to  be     *^^  ■"  uialecU  something  of  the  Ian-    I 
wrongwl  without  desert,  thereby  disabled     guage  of  the  original  races.     But  >l   j 
ever  lo  naintaio  the  bonoar  or  reputation     present   minute   ethnology   is   imper^    | 
of  bis  ancea'ors.    Tliat  famiUes  have  their     fectly  studied  and  understood:  it  le  i 
timci  and  periods  is   most   certain,  yet     naBccul  rather  than  a  developed  SOt-l 
wretched  and  rite  are  they  by  whom  sutfh     ence-     I  have    therefore   to    contend    j 
with  dilliculties  at  present  insuperabU- J 
in  the  satisfactory  prosecution  of  (I  *" 
inquiry. 

It  is  certain  that  trudili 
Danes  have  survived  the  lapse  oi       , 
Jear  Leicester  the  Dane  Iiilb  reminfl  I 
IS  of  the  nrcsencc  of  that  once  terrible  ' 
wing  host,  and  from  childhood  sc 


le  of  tinpfiV 


At  the  Reformation,  too,  great 
changes  were  effected  in  the  ownership 
of  the  soil,  fay  the  dissolution  of  the 
religious  houses.  The  property  of  the 
Church,  obtained  by  priestly  crafl  from 
the  nobles  and  gentry  before  tbf  Ke- 
formatlon,then  found  its  way  again  totbc     rav^ini^ 

hands  of  the  laity ;  and  in  this  county,  inhabitants  have  been  taught  to  think 
as  all  over  England,  instances  occur  of  that  Uie  irregularities  of  the  surface  on 
the  wealthier  dliiens  and  burgesses  that  site  indicate  the  burial-places  of 
becoming  incorpomtcd  with  the  ari"-     those  who  foil  in  a  cimliat  with  the 


57fi         Immigration  of  the  Scttndinaviana  into  Leieetttrthire.     [Dec 

Tielorioua  natives ;    tmd,  tbough  the     Hnd  HumberBtone.    It  is  certnin  lliat 
hilb  and  hoUonB  there  disceraiblc  arc     Rutliy  speaks  for  itself  as  a  "uleued 
l,tmbitblj  but  the  remaiDs  of  exhauatei]        '  "'  ~  -   -"- 

1  trtone  i|uaiTics,  worked  since  the  Nur- 
n  Conquest,  a  battle  ma;  ;ct  have 

en  place  on  the  aile,  in  which  the 

I  Korthmon  encountered  the  Saxons  of 
\  X^cenur. 

The  old  and  now  obsolete  custom  ol 
I  Ihe  "Whipping  Toms"*  hna  also  bccu 
E  derivedfrom thecxpulsionoftheDanes 
I  from  Leicester  bj  the  Snxon  inhabit- 
i,  the  wnggoaera  having  used  their 
I  heAv;  whips  and  the  labourers  Ihcir 
y  '4^1s  in  the  aOVa;. 

Among  supposed  reinnins  of  the 
I  Ihne*  I  am  induced  to  cLiss  the  larj^e 
mulu*  at  Ratcliflc  known  ns  "  Ship- 
I  \tj  Hiti,"  and  which  the  unlettered 
L  pwsantrjr  say  cu?era  tlie  remains  of  a 
■  nrmerlj  famous  Captain  ShipleV'    But 


I  Ifae  name  speaks  fur  itself:  ' 
I'  in  the  Saxon  the  "  ship  meaduv 
I  Ae  resemblance  of  the  ' '"  ' 


I  suniUr  ex- 
county,  but 
I  tiie  name  has  reference  merely  to  the 
I  rite.  Looking  at  the  nearness  of  the 
[  tumulus  to  the  Wreke,— scarcely  two 
I  StUes  from  the  spot  where  it  empties 
L  Itietf  into  the  Soar,  nnd  just  at  the 
I  witnuice  Xo  the  <listricl  of  the  Scondi- 
1  UTian  settlements  on  both  bonks  of     Normans;   fur  such  n 


place  near  a  settlement,"  and  it  occu- 
pies just  such  a  position  for  an  od- 
Tauced  outpost  of  the  Danes,  with  a 
decidedly  Anglian  iVontier  before  them, 
as  they  might  be  expected  to  establish. 
Ingarsby  may  have  oeen  the  post  oc- 
cupietl  by  Ingvar  (one  ol'  the  sons  of 
the  famous  Reguar  Lodbrog),  when 
he  and  his  brother  Ilubba  subjitcated 
the  Midlands  about  iJie  middle  of  the 
ninth  century.  Uumberston  may  be 
a  corruption  of  TlubWs  tUD,  or  the 
settlement  of  Iog%'ar's  brother;  and 
the  embankments  and  fosse  near  that 
Tilla"c,  known  now  as  Swann's  Oi^ 
cbaiit,  are  perchance  the  relics  of  a 
site  whence  that  fearless  NorUiman 
once  issued,  to  join  with  his  equally 
fuortosa  brother  in  many  an  onslaught 
on  the  terrified  inhabitants. 

Leaving  these  conjectures,  I  now 
enter  on  surer  grounds  of  proof  lUaX 
we  have  evidence  among  us  of  the  de- 
scendants of  ancient  races,  to  be  recog- 
nised in  the  anrnames  they  bear.  Be- 
fore adducing  these  instances  I  would, 
however,  premise  that  surnames  ore  not 
of  themselves  unfailing  evidence  of  de- 
scent. It  is  not  every  bearer  of  a 
Norman  name  whose  ancestors  were 


le  Wreke, — I  think  It  far  from 
l^^bable  that  here  was  oucc  fought 
I  tome  general  engagement  between  the 
I  AngU'n  population  and  the  Danish 
F  intruders,  tne  tumulus  bein^  at  once 
4  burial-phice  and  a  memorial  of  the 
event. 

The  cross  in  Rothley  ohurcbyard  is 
also  an  interesting  relic  of  the  Scnndi- 
narian  settlement.  It  is  cerl^nly  at- 
tributable to  that  people,  and  denotes 
the  last  resting-place  of  some  Danish 
chieftain,  a.  convert  to  Christianity, 
wtiose  monument  was  erected  either  id 
the  tenth  or  eleventh  century.  There 
■le  no  runes,  or  Danish  characters, 
upon  it ;  but  this  may  be  owing  to  the 
aasooiation  of  magical  influence  with 
theemploymentofthosegingular  marks, 
wluch  an  adoption  of  Christianity  might 
lead  the  Northman  sculptor  to  reject 
as  heatheniEh. 

Id  addition  to  these  reimiina  of  the 
Scandinavians,  I  am  induced  ta  add 
the  encampments  at  Uathy,  lugnrsby. 


■a  have  been 
often  assumed  unwarrantably,  and  have 
been  conferred  by  lorda  on  thmr  vassals. 
Accuracy  in  these  cases  is  only  to  be 
determined  by  the  researches  of  the 
genealogist,  confirmed  by  the  uraoio- 
logist  and  the  physiognomist.  Still, 
we  have  yet  in  Leicestersbire  (aa  else- 
where) unquestionable  represcnlitivea 
of  the  old  Norman  knights  and  soldiers 
who  fought  under  William's  banner  at 
llasUiigs.  Among  these  I  class  the 
Manncrses,  the  Turrilles,  the  Nevilles, 
the  Bclgraves,  the  Pogets,  the  Boa- 
setts,  and  some  few  others.  Tlic  tall, 
sinewy  forms,  nquiline  noses,  dark  grey 
or  liatel  eyes,  and  dignilicd  bearing  of 
some  of  the  bearers  of  these  chivalrous 
names,  attest  the  justice  of  the  classi- 
fication. The  Norwegian- Danish  £rics 
or  Heyricks  still  also  bear  evidence  of 
the  presence  m  our  county  of  the  de- 
scendants of  tliat  race;  while  many 
names  in  the  middle  and  lower  classes 
are  as  purdy  Danish  at  those  used  at 
this  day  in  Denmark.    Upon  this  iwint 


Itt53.] 


migralitiH  of  the  Scand'mav'taJU  into  Leii:e»ttraltire. 


we  have  the  teatimODy  of  WorsBM. 
As  thut  guntlomsD  AL'utcl/  mid  widely 
observed  what  came  before  him  in  his 
visit,  with  the  eye  of  a  uutivc  Dane 
nnil  a  Icarnod  antiquary,  his  state- 
ments have  here  a  pot^uliar  value.  He 
;  miUlaud  and  north- 


bodilj  peculiarities,  and  Iromncciclenlal 
circurastancea.  Hence,  I  Chink,  we  maj 
cliua  the  Bakers,  Butchers,  Coopers, 
Djers,  Farmers,  Falcooera,  Gunaers, 
Goldsmiths,  Ironmongers,  Moneyera, 
Mercers,  Paintera,  Qui  Iter*,  Smitbi, 
(the  ancient  word  for  grocer). 


u  couutlea  of  En(;land  he  Irequentlj     l^veruers,    ViulocrB,    Wheelers    (or 

"    "        '"  '      Wheelwrights),   Wrighta,    and   taimy 

other  worda  signtfviiig  trades  or  oceu- 

ilarold.  Else,  and  others;  but  yet  mure     patioiis,  with  the  Sasua  race ;  as  well 


frequently  with  such  aa  Adamson, 
Jaokson,  Johnson,  Nelson,  Thotngon, 
StevenBon,  Swaingon,  and  so  forth. 
The  termination  in  son  or  son  is,  he 
says,  ijuit«  peculiar  to  the  countries  of 
Scaiidmavin,  and  is  never  found  in 
Saion  Dames.  It  was  introduced  iulo 
Enaland  by  the  Dikniah  and  Norwegian 
sotdera ;  and  he  adcU  that  the  name  of 
Johnson,  one  of  the  commonest  among 
us,  is  that  whii'h,  even  at  the  preseut 
day,  occurs  moitt  frequently  in  Ici^land. 
lie  say:),  moreover,  that  in  the  districts 
here  alluded  to  he  saw  every  moment, 
especially  in  the  rural  parts,  faces  ex- 
actly resembling  those  at  home.  Had 
be  met  the  same  persons  in  Denmark 
or  Norway,  ilwould  never  bnve  entered 
his  mind  they  were  foreigners:  in  Ni>r- 
thumberloniL  this  was  remarkably  the 
case, — the  rather  broad  faoea,  slightly 
projecting  cheek-bones,  rather  flat  and 
.»  .«.„»  n..^  upturned  noses,  light 
',  and  compact,  middle- 


e^es  and  hair, 

sized  frames,  reminding  him  of  the 
Dane?  .ind  Norwegians  of  the  present 
day,  who  are  descended  from  a  com- 
mon ancestiT,  who  contrast  strongly 
with  south  Englanders.  The  temper, 
loo,  of  the  people  in  the  north  of  this 
on  wintry    and    the    south    seemed    to 

WorsBOC  to  be  opposite:  the ■""" 

Englishman  is,  he 
haiSer,  bordering 


those  which  are  known  t 
names  of  villages,  such  as  Frisby,  Kil- 
by,  Wigston,  Brookaby,  and  others; 
though  in  the  latter  instance  there  are 
furaiUes  of  Norman  origin  who  took 
their  names  from  their  estates,  and 
whose  pedigrees  are  traceable  from 
Norman  or  vtirj  early  times,  as  the 
Belgraves,  Aahby»,  Skeffingtons,  Font- 
hams,  and  so  forth.  Among  the  per- 
sons of  Saxon  descent  may  be  found, 
also  (as  already  flufjjjested),  the  'ITiins 
and  the  Thicks,  the  Longs  and  the 
Shorts,  the  Biggs  and  the  Littles,  the 
Greats  (or  Greets)  and  the  Huialls,  the 
froudmans  and  the  Moeks,  the  Whites 
and  the  Blacks,  the  Browns  and  the 
Greens,  the  Greys  and  the  Oranges, 
with  Wrynecks,  Greathoads,  Hands, 
Lcggcs,  and  others  too  numerous  to 
mention.  Many  of  these  are,  in  some 
parts  of  England,  to  be  found  asso- 
ciated -with  persons  in  the  classes  of 
compact,  middle-  the  gentry  and  nobility,  either  owing 
'  ■'  to  their  own  or  their  ancestors' energy 
and  fortune. 

We  believe  the  Saxon  type  of  bodily 
confignratlon  In  most  respects  re- 
sembles the  Scandinavian,  except  that 
those  who  possess  it  are  generally  lower 
in  stature,  nave  ofUu  larger  hands  and 
feet,  a  bluer  eye,  a  fairer  complexion, 
'ks,  firmer  and  have  auburn  or  llaxen  hair,  and  are 
inclined  to  corpulency.     In  cha- 


sessing  an  unusually  strong  feeling  of  racier  they  are  "slow  but  t 

freedom.      He  cites  the  case  of  the  ticnt,  humane,  industrious,  unobtrusiTe, 

"tetchy"  and  hastv,  hut  determined  moderate  In  most  respects,  practical 

and  independent  Yorksbireman,  as  a  and  not  showy ;  in  short,  they  moni- 

contrast  to  that  of  the  solW  andmore  feat   the   distinctive   dispositions   and 

compliant  En^liabman  of  the  southern  qualities  of  the  average  P^nglUb  cba- 

cnundcs.     Orthc  Saxon  or  Anglian  ranter.     Of  the  old  Celtic  raises,  dark 

element,  so  near  akin  to  the  Danish,  hair   and  e^es,  low  stature,   a  slight 

we  have  many  cvidencca  in  the  county  frame,  a  quick  and  impulsive  disposi- 

in  the  surnames,  physiognomies,  tern-  lion,  a  naturally  polite  and  smooth  dc- 

pcr,  and  habits  of  the  population.     As  mcanour,  a  gay  temper,  a  ready  per- 

a  rule,  the  surnames  are  taken  from  ception,  are  supposed  to  be  some  ol 

trades  and  occupatioDs,  from  the  vll-  the  prevailing  evidences.    They  prc- 

loges  whence  the  first  bearers  of  them  pandcral«  more  in  the  eitit-s  and  the; 

immigrated  into  borough  towns,  from  large  towns  than  in  tlie  villages:  It  in 

Gb»t.  Mio.  Vol.  JCL.  4  E 


678 


Sonnet  tributary  to  the  Poet  Wordsworth. 


[Dec. 


in  the  latter  where  the  intermixture 
of  races  is  less  obvious. 

Of  the  dialects  of  Leicestershire, 
ethnologicallj  considered,  little  can  at 
present  be  advanced.  In  the  county 
town,  and  at  Louj^hborough,  the  word 
**gate**  still  in  various  instances  in- 
dicates a  street  (in  accordance  with 
old  Scandinavian  usase) ;  but,  on  look- 
ing over  Dr.  Evans  s  work  on  Lei- 
cestershire Words  and  Phrases,  I  find 
few  if  any  of  the  words  from  the 
Norse  language  common  in  the  north 
of  England.  This  I  attribute  to  the 
Rev.  Doctor*s  collection  having  been 
mainly  derived  from  south-western 
or  Anglian  Leicestershire ;  but  I  learn 
that  the  Christmas  block  (elsewhere 
called  the  yule  log)  still  bums  on  the 
hearth  at  Christmas  in  the  farmhouses 
in  Framland  hundred,  and  a  fragment 
la  carried  away  to  be  consumed  en- 
tirely when  the  hospitable  season  re- 
tarns,  just  as  was  probably  the  wont 
among  those  who  settled  on  the  banks 
of  the  Wreke  a  thousand  years  bygone. 

But  I  must  bring  this  paper  to  an 
end;  and  in  doing  so  1  would  re- 
mark— happy  may  we  be  that  dif- 
ferences of  race,  once  associated  with 


feelings  of  hatred  and  revenge,  are 
now  forgotten  except  by  the  antiquary ! 
Still  the  differences  are  traceable 
among  us,  but  subservient  to  the  na- 
tional welfare.  We  have  yet  the 
chivalry  and  high  breeding  of  the 
Norman,  the  intrepid  valour  and  sea- 
manship of  the  Scandinavian,  the  pa- 
tient and  indomitable  courage  of  the 
Saxon,  the  taste  and  polish  and  in- 
genuity of  the  Celt,  in  being  in  our 
midst, — all  tending  to  the  honour,  the 
stability,  and  the  prosperity  of  Britun. 
We  have,  perhaps,  had  in  our  age  as 
types  of  these,  Wellington  the  true 
descendant  of  the  Northman,  Nelson 
of  the  Dane,  and  Cobbett  of  the 
Saxon.  And  when  we  contemplate 
the  combination,  how  naturally  may 
we  cherish  the  proud  feeling  that, 
let  all  the  hosts  of  Hun,  Turk,  Russ, 
Sclave, Croat, and  Gaul  embattle  them- 
selves together  against  us,  like  as  the 
white  cliffs  of  ^^bion  hurl  back  the 
menacing  surges  and  rushing  tides,  so 
will  our  foes  be  hurled,  wave  afler 
wave,  should  they  ever  throw  them- 
selves in  invasion  on  our  free  and 
glorious  bland  I 


A  SONNET,  TRIBUTARY  TO  THE  POET  WORDSWORTH, 

Chief  of  the  Contemplative  Poets  (this  seems  his  peculiar  praise),  centoed^  if 
the  expression  may  be  ventured,  from  his  Works. 

Bard  of  the  Heart  I  your  powers  do  not  create 

New  worlds  by  magic  fiction ;  but  most  deep 

You  drink  the  soul  of  things,  and  whelming  steep 

Thought  in  the  feelings  of  the  heart  sedate. 

The  spirit  of  Religious  Love,  entwined 

With  God  and  Nature,  is  to  you,  their  Priest, 

Chief  of  the  souFs  delights — a  cherished  feast, 

In  its  own  calm,  and  peace,  and  joy  refined. 

Your  intercourse  the  vales  and  mountains  share. 

Where  Contemplation  seeks  to  have  her  fill ; 

The  heart,  in  independence  firm,  and  still, 

Is  linked  with  secret  sympathies  most  rare.  - 

Retreat  with  you  wakes  awe ;  anon  the  tear 

Starts,  when  the  sobbings  of  the  place  you  hear. 

Trereife,  Nov.  9th.  C  7. 1 


WANDERINGS  OP  AN  ANTIttUARV. 
Bv  Tbohab  Wbioht,  F.S.A. 
XIV.— Old  Sabum. 
THERE  are  other  objects  of  in-  river,  and  crossing  the  road  begin  lo 
tcreel  in  the  neighl>oiirhooil  iif  Salia-  astond  liiu  hill,  with  the  entrench* 
burjr  BufSdent  to  retain  the  visitor  a  uient«  of  Old  Saruin  before  \u,  which 
few  ibjB,  Among  these  we  must  place  rise  u]>  in  such  bold  outline  abore 
(irat  the  site  of  ihe  old  city  orSarmii.  every  object  around  that  the  stranger 
Uur  WBj  thither  lien  northward  from  will  have  no  diffiuultj  in  finding  his 
the  modem  city,  on  leaving  which  ve  waj  to  the  objeut  of  his  pilgrimage. 
majeitber  tdte  thehigh  rond.ora  walk  The  path  we  are  now  following  be- 
across  the  fields  whieh  turns  ofT  to  the  eouies  gradually  steeper,  until  we  reavh 
ten,  and  leads  us  along  the  bottom  of  the  outer  entreiichmenU,  at  a  point  on 
the  valley,  with  one  of  the  branches  of  the  southern  side,  about  half  way  be- 
the  river,  which  here  separates  and  tween  the  two  entrances.  Theappear- 
incloses  some  meadows  that  form  an  once  of  ttieB<>  entrench  men  (3,  where 
island,  porsuine  its  winding  course  we  first  come  upon  them,  is  rcpre- 
thruugh  the  6el(b  lo  the  lell.  After  seoled  in  the  accompanying  sketch, 
awhile  we   turn   our   back   upon  the         The    outer   entrenchments   of  Uld 


580 


Wanderings  of  an  Antiqunrj/. 


[Dec. 


Sarum  cut  in  the  chalk  hill,  arc  of  va^t 
dimcnsionfi,  inclosing  an  area  of  four- 
teen hundred  yards  in  circumference. 
They  form  a  circle  slightly  elongated 
from  east  to  west.  The  vallum,  which 
18  on  the  lefl  hand  side  of  our  sketch, 
rises  to  the  formidable  height  of  a 
hundrc<l  and  six  feet,  and  originally 
presented  a  smooth  face  of  chalk,  so 
steep  that  its  ascent  must  have  been 
nearly  im|M»S8ible.  The  raised  bank, 
on  the  outside  of  the  foss,  is  also  of 
considerable  elevation,  and  altogether 
these  defences  mu^t  have  presented  a 
very  formidable  olistacle  to  any  as- 
sailants. They  arc  very  well  preserved 
through  the  whole  circuit.  If  we 
follow  their  course  till  wo  reach  the 
western  extremity  of  the  area,  we  find 
there  an  entrance  by  a  mound  forming 
a  bridge  across  the  foes,  ascending  to 
the  interior  by  a  cut  through  the  val- 
lum, and  approached  outside  by  two 
paths  running  north  and  south  under  the 
entrenchments.  This  was  the  postern 
or  secondary  entrance  to  the  town, 
and  appears  to  have  formed  a  sort  of 
covercil  way,  protected  in  medieval 
times  by  a  tower  or  turret.  From 
hence,  pursuing  our  course  along  the 
northern  side  of  the  entrenchments, 
we  come  to  the  eastern  or  principal 
entrance,  a  view  of  which  as  it  appears 
to  us  from  the  approach  on  this  side  is 

fiven  in  our  cut  from  a  sketch  by  Mr. 
'airholt.  The  massive  character  of  the 
earthworks  at  this  |>oint  is  extremely 
striking,  and  the  view  is  one  of  con- 
siderable beauty.  In  the  foreground 
the  bold  outlines  of  the  ancient  fortifi- 
cations, with  a  group  of  trees  near  at 
hand  on  the  right,  which  serve  as  a 
screen  to  the  little  Old  Castle  Inn,  cele- 
brated in  late  municipal  history  as  the 
residence  of  the  single  voter  in  the 
trul^  rotten  borough  of  old  Sarum,  and 
behind  it  the  only  hill  of  any  eleva- 
tion in  the  immediate  vicinity ;  be- 
neath us  the  valley  of  the  Avon,  and 
before  us,  at  a  distance  of  about  a  mile, 
the  city  of  Salisbury,  surrounded  by 
an  amphitheatre  of  distant  hills.  The 
^rand  entrance  to  Old  Sarum  is  an  open- 
ing of  tolerable  breadth,  cut  through 
the  entrenchments,  crossing  the  foss  by 
a  low  bank,  and  rising  very  gradually 
into  the  interior.  Outside  me  foss  it 
separates  into  two  roads,  running,  as 
on  the  eastern  side,  north  and  south, 
but  much  more  boldly  formed.   At  the 


angle  where  the  two  roads  separate, 
is  a  strong  outwork,  immediately  facing 
the  entrance,  and  surrounded  out- 
wardly by  a  deep  ditch. 

On  proceeding  through  the  grand 
entrance,  we  are  introduced  to  an  area 
of  not  far  short  of  thirty  acres,  around 
which  the  great  earthen  vallum  rises 
to  a  comparatively  slight  elevation. 
The  interior  of  this  area  is  occupied  by 
another  ec^ually  extraordinary  fortifi- 
cation, which  formed  the  citadel  of  the 
ancient  town.  It  is  surrounded  by  a 
foils  and  earthen  vallum  exactly  re- 
sembling in  construction  those  of  the 
outer  circuit,  but  only  a  little  above 
three  hundred  yards  in  circumference. 
Hie  vallum  is  a  hundred  feet  high, 
and  on  the  top  may  be  traced  all  round 
the  fragments  of  a  very  strong  wall, 
which  once  surmounted  it,  and  formed 
the  outer  wall  of  the  medieval  castle. 
Within  this  elevated  area,  strongly 
marked  inequalities  in  the  ground  pro- 
bably cover  the  foundations  of  the 
ancient  buildings  of  the  castle,  and 
the  site  of  the  well,  which  must  have 
been  of  great  depth,  is  distinctly  visi- 
ble. The  entrance  to  the  castle  is 
exactly  opposite  the  eastern  entrance 
to  the  town,  and  is  marked  by  the 
massive  remains  of  the  masonry  of  the 
eateway  at  the  summit  of  the  vallum ; 
it  appears  to  have  been  approached  by 
a  flight  of  steps,  and  by  a  mound 
across  the  foss  at  the  bottom.  The 
area  of  the  castle  stands  at  a  very 
great  elevation  above  the  valley,  and 
commands  a  most  extensive  view  in 
every  direction.  The  sides  and  top  of 
the  vallum  of  the  citadel  are  now  over- 
grown with  trees  and  brushwood.  The 
outer  area  of  Old  Sarum,  in  which  was 
situated  the  early  town,  has  been  long 
under  cultivation,  and  when  I  visited 
it  with  some  friends  in  the  summer  of 
the  present  year,  a  great  part  of  it  was 
covered  with  com.  It  presents,  how- 
ever, everywhere  great  unevenness  of 
surface,  which,  combined  with  the  in- 
equality of  the  growth  of  the  com  in 
different  parts,  would  lead  us  at  once 
to  conclude  that  excavations  at  no  great 
depth  would  bring  to  light  traces  of 
the  ancient  buildings,  and  lead  to  many 
interesting  discoveries. 

Although  the  earlier  history  of  this 
extraordinary  place  is  very  obieurab 
yet  we  are  enabled  to  trace  iti  jMr  ■ 
outline  by  a  certain  number  or 


aJODs  ia  tlie  nncient  chroniukrs.  Coius 
have  been  foand  in  sufficicot  quanti- 
ties to  luaure  us  thnt  It  nia  uccn^ned 
bj  the  Itoiiiatia,  and  tliat  it  was  &  sta- 
tion of  great  importnncu  ia  proTed 
clearly  by  the  number  of  Roman  roads 
uliich  are  traced  from  it  as  a  otntre 
bruni^hing  off  in  dilFercnt  directiooa. 
Tliree  roods  trom  the  great  eastern 
entrance  ran,  one  to  Siluhesttr  (Cat- 
lenaj  on  its  w»y  to  London ;  a  aeeonil 
ilirect  to  Winchester  (Vfi-bi  Belga- 
naaj  and  m  on  to  the  sonth-eastem 
uousl  i  and  a  third  (o  Dorchester  fDur- 
HoninaJ.  Another  road  is  tmccd  in 
a  westerly  direction  tow  ardi  the  Severn : 
and  a  filth  ia  believed  to  have  \tevn 
traced  in  the  direction  of  the  lloiiip- 
«hir«uoast.  TheseeircuniHtanceB,cuLu- 
t'ined  with  thepo»itioo  of  Old  Saruui 
when  coinpnred  with  the  Roman  I^ne- 
rarics,  leave  ni>  room  for  doubt  that 
these  uxtmordinary  en trenuh incuts  bo- 
longeil  lo  the  town  of  SarKodunnm. 
It  has  been  aislinied  that  the  character 
of  the  earUiwurks,  and  its  peculiar  con- 
dition, prove  it  to  have  been  an  ancient 
i-ity  of  [lie  Uritoiu  before  it  was  iwci.- 
piinl  by  the  Itonians,  but  ilils  is  nothing 
more  ihan  an  asauiuption.  and  the  fact 
that  it  wcnis  to  have  boen  totally  un- 
known tu  rtdleui^,  a|i[>OHrs  to  ine  1« 
milit(ili>  ■"Rinst  It.  The  old  notion 
■tu  lions  were 


calculated  for  a  town  which  should 
prtitect  the  rich  districts  to  the  north- 
east and  south-east  from  the  remains 
of  hostile  tribes;,  who  would  still  find  a 
shelter  in  the  wild  country  to  the  vest, 
and  making  it  doubly  strong  by  arti- 
ficial entrenchments  of  the  aiassive 
character  of  those  which  now  exist  at 
Old  Sarum.  The  general  form  of  Uhl 
Surum,  with  ita  citadel  in  the  middle, 
and  its  entrenchments  around,  reminds 
mo  in  some  clegree,  though  on  a  much 
larger  scale,  of  that  of  Brambcr  in 
Sussex,  which  In  supposed  lo  be  the 
Roman  Portaa  Athaid-  Sorbiudunum 
is  first  immed  in  the  Itinerary  of 
Antoninus,  and  is  not  weiilioned,  I 
think,  in  any  other  Roman  writer. 
Richard  of  Cirencester  places  it  amoni; 
the  ten  dtiea  in  Briliun  under  the  La- 
IJsn  law,  which  implies  the  ptnwessiun 
of  very  extensive  municipal  privileges ; 
and,  whatever  doubts  maT  be  enter- 
tained with  regard  to  Richard's  book 
MS  it  is  now  known,  I  am  inclined  to 
believe  tliat  Ihese  lists  are  correct.  It 
was  ctirtainly  a  place  of  importance  at 
the  period  oftbcoccuttttion  of  this  part 
of  the  island  by  the  Saxons,  who  re- 
tained Its  Roman  name  under  the  cor- 
rupted forraof  Searo-byrig,  which  liie- 
rally  means  Siirhiodaiaim-biirgh.  Wo 
learn  fmm  the  Anglo-Saxon  chronii^lc 
that  in  the  year  332  Cynric,  who  Imd 
landed  with  his  father  on  the  Brilisli 
ahori>  about  nixly  yeara  before, "  fou;;ht 
acaliiHt  till;  Britons  at  the  place  which 
'•  called  Scuro-byrtg,  and  he  put  the 


582 


IVanderingi  "fan  Anlii/uaiy. 


Britong  to  Sighl."  Until  1lii»  tiiae 
Sorbiodunum  bad  evidently  rctuinol 
ita  indepeiidciKjei  but  immediutel)'  sf- 
tur  the  event  ju«t  mentioned,  it  do 
doubt  capitulated  with  the  ioTader^ 

We  huve  now  to  deal  with  Searo- 
bjrig  Rs  an  Anglo-Suxun  town,  and  it 
seema  to  haTC  lost  none  of  itd  import- 
ance. It  was  no  doubt  to  protect  it 
that  King  Alfred,  nitbin  a  month  after 
hill  accesaiiin  to  the  throae,  hazardud 
a  battle  with  ver;  inferior  numbers 
against  the  Danish  invaders  at  Wilion, 
vrbere,  after  along  struggle,  the  Saxons 
were  defeated;  and  he  soon  anerwards 
Bhoir«l  his  anxictjr  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  this  place  b^  ordering  its  furti- 
ficalions  to  f>e  repaired  and  strength- 
ened with  palliHiidcs.  It  appears  to 
have  reuiuined  a  place  of  security  dur- 
ing this  and  the  following  century,  and 
its  importance  is  proved  br  the  circuui' 
stance  that  in  the  year  960  King  Edgar 
held  here  a  nationul  council  or  parlia- 
ment (the  witena-gemiU)  to  consult  on 
the  means  of  preventing  the  attacks  of 
■he  Danes.  During  the  later  ravages 
of  these  invaders,  in  the  year  1003,  it 
appears  to  bare  fallen  into  the  hands 
of  Swegn,  after  he  had  plundered  and 
burnt  the  neighbouring  town  of  Wil- 
lun,  though  it  is  not  stated  what  degree 
of  iiijury  It  suffered  at  that  time.  It 
is  probable,  however,  that  the  injury 
was  not  great,  as  it  was  again  a  nou- 
rishing place  in  the  reisn  of  £<lward 
tho  CuDlessor,  while  ^Vilt 
bishop's  see,  had  sunk 
insignificance. 

^UB  we  can  trace  the  continued 
existence  of  this  ancient  town,  under 
■he  names  of  Sorbiodunum  and  Searo- 
byrig,  during  the  Roman  and  Saxoa 
pcriode.  Th<e  old  form  of  the  name 
appears  to  hare  been  entirely  forgotten, 
for  its  Saxon  name  was  now  Latinised 
into  Sarum,  while  the  Normans  cor- 
rupted the  Saxon  name  into  Saresbires 
or  8arisbiriu  and  (r  and  /  being  inler- 
chaiieeable  letters)  Salisbirie,  IVoin 
which  the  modern  name  is  taken.  Down 
to  thi»  lime  it  is  probable  that  the  whole 
town  wascoDtaincdwitliintbecntrencb- 
ment<.  Among  its  ecelesitutival  eiti- 
fico  was  a  nunnery  dedicated  to  St. 
Mary,  to  which  Edith,  the  tiue«n  of 
Edwnrd  the  Confe«soT,  gave  laoits  at 
Shorstan  i  and  in  Ibii  reign  at  least  ibu 
(own  poiMieiWHl  a  mint,  as  a  coin  of 
Kdwaid  has  liecn  found  with  an  in- 


[Dec. 

o  have  been  struck 


10  comparuiive 


scription  stating  it 

by  "  Godred  at  Sarum. 

The  lunlship  of  Ssrum  was  given  by 
Witliaui  the  Conqueror  to  his  nephew 
Osmund  lord  of^  Seez,  and  a  ilroog 
garrison  was  placed  in  the  castle.  The 
town  continued  to  be  a  place  of  so 
much  importance,  that  in  1076  Ui* 
bishopric  of  Wilton  was  removed  to  it. 
Ten  years  afterwards  William  Ibe  Con- 
queror held  a  parliament  here,  with 
the  Anglo-Saxon  formalities ;  a  uinilar 

Krliument  was  held  here  in  109G.  by 
I  successor;  and  Henry  L  held  his 
court  at  Old  Sarum  in  1 100,  immedi- 
alely  after  bis  accession  to  the  throne- 
After  it  became  an  episcopal  e«e, 
Sorum  (the  name  by  which  it  was  best 
known)  was  destined  to  hold  a  promi* 
nent  place  in  our  ecclesiastical  annals. 
Osmund,  the  second  bishop,  com- 
menced what  was  then  conoidereil  a 
noble  cathedral,  which  was  finiahcd 
about  the  beginning  of  the  year  1091 ; 
and  more  than  this,  he  drew  up  a  new 
ritual  for  the  use  of  cathe^lrals  and 
larger  ecclesiastical  establishmcnta, 
which  became  the  grand  model  of  a 
large  {lortlon  of  the  Eugtish  church,  and 
wa«  celebrated  down  to  the  time  of  lh« 
Itefurmalion  as  the  liturgy  ad  utum 
Samm.  The  original  liturgy  of  bishop 
Osmund  is  still  preserved  at  Soliiburir. 
Henry  1.  gave  the  sec  uf  Sarum  to  liis 
chancellor  Uoger,  who  was  a  great 
benefactor  to  the  cathedral,  and  who 
not  only  embellished  the  cattiednU  it- 
self, but  repaired  and  improved  the 
fortifications  of  the  town  and  caallc 
In  1116,  a  parliament  was  held  ba« 
for  the  purpose  of  fixing  the  sucoemw 
to  the  crown  of  England.    Under  Sw- 

5 hen,  the  castle  of  Suvm  was  occupM 
y  the  party  opposed  to  the  crown, 
and  beuuiue  so  obnoxious  to  that  mo- 
narch that  ho  gave  orders  fur  the  dit* 
slruction  of  the  monastery  and  church 
adjoining  the  castle,  a  circi 
which  enliebtcns  us  Airtbcr  oi 
cleaiastiuarstrnaturei  in  the  la 
he   intended  to   iliimantle   tins  eaalla 


aUn.     It  i* 


eliw 


ditTercnt  allusions  to  tbu  {ibcc  wluck 
show  its  importance  down  to  tlie  cmiI 
of  the  twellth  century.  About  lh*t 
time  the  deaire  wa*  twouming  stmnpir 
[1  stronger  on  the  part  of  the  cl«nf 
-*        ..k......!.  Ih*^  ^Iijj  nlam, 

this  elevated  position  tbere 


lu  remove  tbolr  church  ii 


1853.] 


Old  Sai*um. 


583 


was  a  want  of  water,  and  various  other 
incommodities,  which  were  felt  the  more 
severely,  from  the  view  of  the  plenti- 
fully irrigated  valley  below.  These 
were  borne  as  long  as  they  were  com- 
pensated by  the  sense  of  security  which 
the  place  afforded,  but  now  this  was 
of  less  importance.  Moreover,  in  this 
elevated  spot,  the  church  was  exposed 
to  wind  and  storm  to  such  a  degree 
that  within  a  few  days  of  the  comple- 
tion of  Bishop  Osmund's  cathedral,  its 
tower  and  roof  were  partially  destroy- 
ed by  lightning.  Another  grievance 
was  added  to  tliese  by  the  increasing 
disagreements  between  the  clersy  and 
the  garrison  of  the  citadel.  Old  John 
Aubrey,  in  his  Natural  History  of 
Wiltshire,  edited  by  Mr.  Britton,  gives 
a  curious  traditional  account  of  the 
inconveniences  to  which  the  clergy  of 
Sarum  were  sometimes  exposed : — 

The  following  account  (he  says)  I  had 
from  the  right  reverend,  learned,  and  in- 
dustrious Seth  Ward,  lord  bishop  of 
Samm,  who  had  taken  the  pains  to  peruse 
all  the  old  records  of  the  church  that  had 
been  clang  together  and  untouched  for 
perhaps  two  hundred  years.  Within  this 
castle  of  Old  Sarum,  on  the  east  side,  stood 
the  cathedral  church  ;  the  tuft  and  site 
is  yet  discemable ;  which  being  seated  so 
high  was  so  obnoxious  to  the  weather,  that 
when  the  wind  did  blow  they  could  not 
hear  the  priest  say  mass.  But  this  was 
not  the  only  inconvenience.  The  soldiers 
of  the  castle  and  the  priests  could  never 
agree  ;  and  one  day,  when  they  were  gone 
without  the  castle  in  procession,  the  soldiers 
kept  them  out  all  night,  or  longer;  where- 
upon the  bishop,  being  much  troubled, 
cheered  them  up  as  well  as  he  could,  and 
told  them  he  would  study  to  accommodate 
them  better.  In  order  thereunto  he  rode 
several  times  to  the  lady  abbess  at  Wilton, 
to  have  bought  or  exchange  a  piece  of 
ground  of  her  ladyship  to  build  a  church 
and  houses  for  the  priests.  A  poor  woman, 
at  Quidhampton,  that  was  spinning  in  the 
street,  said  to  one  of  her  neighbours,  **  I 
marvel  what  the  matter  is  that  the  bishop 
makes  so  many  visits  to  my  lady  ;  I  trow 
he  intends  to  marry  her."  Well,  the 
bishop  and  her  ladyship  did  not  conclude 
about  the  land,  and  the  bishop  dreamt  that 
the  Virgin  Mary  came  to  him,  and  brought 
him  to  or  told  him  of  Merrifield ;  she 
would  have  him  build  his  church  there, 
and  dedicate  it  to  her.  Merrifield  was  a 
great  field  or  meadow  where  the  city  of 
New  Sarum  stands,  and  did  belong  to  the 
bishop,  as  now  the  whole  city  belongs  to 
him. 


It  was  Richard  Poor,  bishop  of  Sa- 
rum from  1217  to  1229,  who  carried 
this  great  desi^  into  execution.  Hav- 
ing obtained  the  authority  of  the  king 
and  the  pope  for  his  undertaking,  he 
laid  the  foundations  of  the  cathedral 
of  modem  Salisbury  in  the  year  1220, 
and  the  building  proceeded  with  so 
much  rapidity,  that  in  1225  it  was  fit 
for  the  celebration  of  divine  service. 
Hither  the  episcopal  see  was  now  re- 
moved, although  a  body  of  clerffy  was 
still  left  to  officiate  in  the  old  cathedral 
upon  the  hill,  and  for  a  while  the  an- 
cient city  of  Sarum  continued  to  be 
an  important  borough  town,  and  there 
was  no  little  rivalry  between  the  old 
city  and  the  new  one.  However,  the 
departure  of  the  bishop  and  his  clergy 
had  caused  a  great  revolution  in  the 
old  town.  Thev  and  their  dependents, 
with  the  pttople  connected  with  the 
garrison,  appear  to  have  formed  the 
main  body  of  the  inhabitants  within 
the  entrenchments.  As  was  usually 
the  case  under  such  circumstances,  a 
new  town  had  been  gradually  forming, 
which  originated  probably  in  a  few 
houses  built  beside  the  old  Roman 
road  leading  down  from  the  fortress. 
This  gradually  formed  itself  into  an 
extensive  suburb,  spreading  over  the 
bank  which  slopes  down  from  the  east- 
ern entrance  towards  Salisbury,  and 
this  was  surrounded  with  a  wall,  and 
formed  chiefly  the  medieval  municipal 
borough.  There  was  still  more  than 
one  church  within  the  old  town,  and 
apparently  some  other  ecclesiastical 
establishments.  It  is  probable  that  the 
old  cathedral  of  Osmund  gradually  fell 
into  neglect,  and  when,  in  1331,  mate- 
rials were  wanting  for  the  new  edifice 
in  the  plain,  letters  patent  were  ob- 
tained from  Edward  lU.  giving  to  the 
bishop  and  chapter  all  the  walls  of  the 
former  cathedral  of  Old  Sarum,  and  of 
the  houses  which  bad  belonged  to  the 
bishop  and  canons  within  the  castle  of 
Sarum,  for  the  inprovement  of  the 
church  of  New  Sarum,  and  of  the  close 
thereto  belonging.  The  church  and 
other  buildings  were  accordingly  de- 
molished, and  appear  to  have  been 
employed  in  completing  Salisbury  spire, 
and  in  building  the  wall  of  the  close, 
which  is  filled  with  stones  exhibiting 
sculpture  of  the  Norman  period.  From 
this  time  the  destruction  of  the  city  of 
Old  Salisbury  appears  to  have  gone  on 


Wnndfringi  ofan  Antiquary. 


[C 


in  Ae  relgu  of  Henr^  VHI.  pive 
rollowiag  account  of  its  appearance  at 
that  time  :— 

Oaniiuid  Earl  or  Dorchester,  aRerwardi 
Biihoi'  of  Siliaburj,  erected  bis  cathedrnl 
cbnrch  in  the  iresl  part  of  tbe  Iowa,  and 
also  bin  palace,  wbereor  no  token,  but  onlf 
■  ohapcl  of  oar  ladf  j^t  standing  and  main- 
talnrd.  There  waa  a  pariah  o[  the  Half 
Rood,  beaidfa,  in  Old  Saliabar;  ;  and  ano- 
ther over  (he  eaaC  gste,  irbereaf  aome 
toksni  yet  remain.  1  do  not  perceive  that 
tborewere  any  mure  gate*  in  Old  Saliabury 
Iban  tvo,  one  by  east  and  anoltkcr  by  weaL 
Without  each  of  tbeie  gain  was  a  fair 
Bubarb.  I  n  tbo  eait  aoburb  nan  ■  pariib 
church  or  St,  John,  and  yet  there  i*  s 
chapel  (tanding.  There  hxr  been  bonaea 
in  time  or  mind  inbiblled  in  the  east 
aoburb  ot  Old  Sarum  (tliat  i>,  in  the 
borough) ;  now  [here  if  not  one  honae, 
neltlier  within  Old  Saram  nor  withant, 
inhabited.  There  was  a  right  rsir  and 
■troDg  eaiUe  within  Old  Sallibury,  bo- 
longing  to  tbc  Eirh  of  SaJiabury,  eape. 
dally  the  LougcBpeea ;  I  read  that  one 
Walter  was  tbe  lirit  earl  aRer  the  Con- 
quest. Hucb  notable  ruinoai  boildiiig  of 
the  caatle  yet  remalnetb. 

One  would  imagine  that  Leiand  was 
spcnlcing  of  a  town  which  had  cenaed 
to  ciiat  n  thousand  years  ago,  rather 
than  of  what  hod  been  within  two  cen- 
tiiriee  a  Qouriahing  city.  It  appenrs 
thnt  the  walla  of  tlie  town  arri  cistl.-; 


nearly  contenitmrary  record  lliat  f.^^ 
walls  aboat  Old  Surum  were  lien^ 
llsheU  in  1608,  and  in  the  church* 
wardens'  book*  money  ia  occountod  lur 
as  ha*ing  been  paid  (or  a  load  at  stona 
from  the  castle  in  1624.  Pi-pyB,  de- 
tierlbing  hii  journey  from  liungerfbrd 
I<i  Salisbury,  over  the  pLin,  in  the 
June  of  I66S,  sayi  he  come  "  to  Salts- 
bury  by  night;  but  bcforti  I  cauie  lo 
the  town  1  SAW  a  great  fortJficatioB. 
and  there  light,  and  to  it  and  in  it,  and 
find  it  prodigious,  eo  na  to  (right  me  to 
be  in  it  all  aTone  at  that  time  of  night, 
it  being  dark.  I  understand  since  il 
lo  be  thnt  that  Is  called  Old  Sarum." 
It  would  not  be  easy  to  give  a  simpler 
and  more  expressive  picture  of  dcM- 

1  have  traced  the  medieval  history 
of  thid  ancient  city  with  the  more  care, 
because  il  rurniahes  an  interesting  les- 
son to  tbc  antiquary.  We  are  accus- 
tomed to  wonder  at  the  disappeamncc 
of  Roman  towns,  where  no  adequate 
cause  seems  to  present  itself,  and  at 
the  accumulation  of  earth  which  hoa 
buried  them ;  yet  here  is  a  town  which 
was  standing  at  a  recent  penod,  with 
a  catheilral  and  palace,  and  churches, 
and  other  bajldings,  and  strongly 
walled,  aud  yet  its  site  at  the  pre- 
sent time  is  as  bare  of  any  remains 
of  its  former  stnteliness  03  alniost  ajiy 
RoTiian  eile  in  the  island.*  The  ae- 
1-  rifiuivin^ibird'a-eyeTiew.iiiadefroBi 


1  fon 


1859.] 


Old  Sa, 


a  inoiltl  bj  the  late  Mr.  Ilalclier,  ami 
kindly  lent  me  by  Mr.  John  tirillon, 
the  iliiitinffuiahed  and  venerable  anti- 
(juArj  of  Wiltibirei  gives  a  very  good 
general  idea  of  llie  present  state  of 
Old  Sarum,  with  the  exceiJliun  of 
some  trees  sntl  busbt^  which  ure 
uinittei].  It  is  auppoaeil  to  b«  viewed 
from  the  northerD  side,  aud  we  aee  the 
course  of  the  Avon,  and  new  Salisbury 
in  the  distance.  The  crosa  within  the 
areamarks  the  site  of  Bishop  Osmund's 
eathedral.  the  calbedral  cKise  having 
occupied  the  space  between  the  dotted 
lines  running   from   the  western   en- 


trance of  iJie  town  and  the  first  cm- 
banlcment.  The  hall  or  palace  of  the 
bishop,  with  its  grounds,  Is  suppo^d 
to  have  stood  between  the  two  banks 
here  seen  in  the  interior,  on  its  north- 
ern side.  Opposite  this  second  bnok 
was  aooidentally  discovered,  in  I69S, 
'  "  which  seenia 


tJi  have  formed  a  secret  c 
tton  between  the  interior  and  the  foaa.f 
There  is  another  large  bank  on  the 
other  aide  of  the  area,  a  little  way  to 
the  westward  of  which  stands  the  only 
fragment  of  the  town  wall  of  any  c 
9i?i|iience  n 


»H(manl  nf  IhD  'l\nni  Will  ol  CRd  3»rnm. 


cninpiled  b;  the  Ute  Mr.  Halnlier,  so  well  known  a*  the  Enjliili  editor  of  Richard  of 

t  The  only  account  that  has  besn 
Suliiliary  Journal  for  Pebruurj,  1795, 
[>n»iig<i  has  lately  been  ducoTerod  with 
Til*  iivere  fnMt*  and  tuddea  inandat 
ual  OB  the  slight  i 


preserved  of  this  discovery  is  giveo  io  the 
.■  fallows  : — "  Febrturj  16.  A  lubtemneoui 
g  the  limiu  of  the  ancient  city  of  Old  Samm. 
una  which  ensued,  by  pressiog  mors  ilrongly 
d  the  mouth  of  the  mtraace,  have  opened  a 


pauagE  under  the  ramparli.  an  (he  north-essi  quarter,  near  the  lupposed  si 
of  the  ancient  towers.  Hj  a  doorway,  of  near  four  feet  in  widtli,  a  part  of  the  sqaare 
slone  ooluBiDS  of  wbioli  rnnuin  io  a  perfect  itste,  a  spieioiu  covered  way  is  entered  at 
sliout  seven  feet  in  breadth  and  from  eight  to  ten  or  more  iu  height,  with  a  circnlar 
Saxon  roof,  evidently  arched.  It  hu  bem  found  to  descend  in  an  angle,  nearly  parallel 
to  the  glacis  of  the  larrouading  ditch,  to  the  distance  of  114  feet ;  but  the  loose  chalk 
from  above,  which  hat  rolled  down  and  choked  up  the  bottom,  at  prrsenl  prereats  any 
further  progress.  We  think,  howrver,  (hat  it  cannot  eilend  much  farther,  and  that  it 
must  have  heea  intended  as  a  piaiage  to  the  foM  and  outworki,  affording  not  only  an 
easy  and  eanvcnient  communication  with  the  country,  hat  an  eOcalual  retreat  into  (he 
city,  from  the  pursuit  of  a  inpcrior  enemy,  after  obtaining  poHciaian  of  these  outwork*. 
On  measuring  the  same  distance  of  1 14  feet  from  the  foss,  directly  up  the  gladi.  it  is 
found  to  have  a  stKliing  carrMpoDdcDce.  which  affords  strong  grounds  for  conjecture 
thot  it  terminated  there  by  i  pasioge  oulwsrds."  tVom  this  desctiption  it  is  quite 
impossible  to  decide  to  what  period,  from  tlie  tine  of  the  RAmans  to  that  of  the 
Normao*,  this  passage  belonged — it  may  have  br.en  Roman,  Sason.  or  Norman  work  ; 
and  it  is  now  filled  up  by  the  sinking  of  the  earth, 
tisnt.  Mito.  Vql.  XL. 


586 


Wanderings  of  an  Antiquaty, 


[Dec. 


have  run  round  the  town,  just  within 
the  earthen  valluni,  and  wa^  faced  with 
large  si^uared  stones,  with  square 
opeuinn[s  through  it  at  intervals.  In 
one  or  two  places  on  the  line  of  this  wall 
we  trace  the  foundations  of  towers. 

The  finding  of  the  passages  just 
allude<l  to,  and  many  other  intlications 
which  are  visible  on  the  site,  lead  us 
naturally  to  believe  that  very  interest- 
ing discoveries  may  yet  be  made  by 

ell-  " 


well-directed  excavations.  In  the 
autumn  of  1834,  in  consequence  of  a 
long  drought,  the  outline  of  the  foun- 
dation of  the  ancient  cathedral  l)ecame 
distinctly  visible,  and  it  was  found  to 
have  been  in  the  sliape  of  a  plain 
cross,  about  two  hundred  and  seventy 
feet  in  length  from  the  western  en- 
trance to  the  end  of  the  choir,  and 
seventy  feet  in  width.  The  transept 
was  estimated  at  a  hundred  and 
fifty  feet  in  length,  and  of  the  same 
width  as  the  choir.  The  lines  of  the 
plinths  indicated  a  breadth  of  about 
thirty  feet  in  the  nave,  and  twenty  in 
the  aisles ;  and  the  dimensions  of  the 
transept,  as  well  as  the  traces  of  the 
plinths,  which  became  partially  visible, 
indicated  that  it  consisted  ot  a  body 
ond  two  aisles,  of  the  same  width  as 
the  nave.  These  details  are  given  by 
Mr.  Hatcher,  who  has  left  us  the  fol- 
lowing account  of  the  excavations  sub- 
sequently made  on  the  spot. 

In  the  month  of  October^  1835,  a  plan 
was  formed  for  opening  the  foundations, 
and  the  acquiescence  of  the  proprietor 
and  occupier  of  the  land  being  obtained,  by 
the  influence  of  Dr.  Fowler,  at  whose  ex- 
pense the  excavations  were  made,  Mr. 
Fisher  (the  clerk  of  the  works  to  Salisbury 
Cathedral),  kindly  undertook  to  superin- 
tend the  work.  The  angles  of  the  west 
front,  the  transept,  and  one  side  at  the  east 
end,  were  soon  laid  open,  as  well  as  what 
appeared  to  have  been  part  of  the  plinths, 
or  foundations  of  the  line  of  pillars,  which 
divided  the  body  of  the  church  from  the 
aisles.  It  was  ascertained  that  the  foun- 
dation was  laid  on  the  solid  chalk,  at  the 
depth  of  nearly  eight  feet  from  the  present 
surface.  The  fronting  was  surprisingly 
firm  and  compact,  and  it  was  more  easy 
to  break,  than  to  separate,  the  fragments 
of  stone  embedded  in  the  mortar.  The 
facings  had  been  everywhere  carefully  re- 
moved. Tlic  6oil  was  chiefly  factitious 
to  the  depth  of  the  foundation,  and  con- 
sisted of  small  pieces  of  stone  and  mortar. 
The  walls,  without  tlie  facings,  were  six 
feet  in  thickness  above  the  set-off  of  the 


foundation.     At  the  distance  of  thirty  feet 
from  the  northern  an^le  of  the  choir,  and 
near  the  supposed  site  of  the  high  altar, 
an    interment   was   discovered.      At    the 
depth  of  four  feet  a  skeleton  was  found, 
with  the  head  close  to  the  foundation,  and 
the  feet  turned  towards  the  west.     Pur- 
suing the  opening  a  little  furtlier,  a  second 
skeleton  was  uncovered,  with  the  feet  to- 
wards the  east,  and  a  little  above  those  of 
the  former.     The  skull  was  in  fine   pre- 
servation, and  apparently  that  of  a  young 
person;  and,  according  to  the  rule   laid 
down  by  the  Roman  ritual,  which  directs 
that  ecclesiastics  shall  be  buried  with  the 
head  towards  the  high  altar,  one  of  these 
must  have  been  a  priest.     At  the   same 
time,  and  near  the  same  spot,  on  the  out- 
side of  the  wall,  close  to  the  foundation, 
the  labourers  discovered  an  ancient  key. 
It  was  less  injured  by  rust  than   might 
have  been  imagined.    Its  length  was  seven 
and  a-lialf  inches,  the  breadth  of  the  wards 
two  and  a-ha1f  inches,  and  their  depth  two 
inches.     It  was  nearly  a  poand  in  weight. 
It  must  hive  been  intended  for  a  door  of 
considerable  thickness,  the  pipe  being  per- 
forated to  the  length  of  almost  five  inches. 
A  smaller  key,  apparently  belonging  to  a 
chest,  was  afterwards  found  near  the  same 
spot.    In  the  rubbish  were  seen  fragments 
of  itained  glass,  and  even  of  the  window- 
leads,  as  well  as   of  charcoal,   or  burnt 
wood. 

On  the  south  side  of  the  choir  the 
excavators  subsequently  discovered  an 
empty  grave,  which,  from  several  cir- 
cumstances connected  with  it,  was  be« 
lieved  to  have  been  the  first  depository 
of  the  body  of  the  founder  of  the 
church,  bishop  Osmund,  which  was  re- 
moved in  1226  to  the  cathedral  of  New 
Salisbury.  From  the  further  exami- 
nation of  the  foundations,  compared 
with  the  cathedral  at  Winchester, 
Mr.  Hatcher  was  enabled  to  form  a 
very  satisfactory  notion  of  bishop  Os- 
mund*s  church,  but  for  these  details 
I  will  refer  my  readers  to  his  own 
book. 

Of  the  Roman  roads  which  I  have 
mentioned  as  branching  off*  from  Old 
Sarum,  two  crossed  the  Avon,  one  im- 
mediately to  the  south  of  the  city, 
and  the  other  a  little  to  the  west.  Ttic 
houses  which  were  built  at  the  place  of 
transit  formed  gradually  a  village, 
named  from  this  circumstance  Strat- 
ford, t.  e,  the  ford  of  the  street  or  road. 
I  need  hardly  say  that  the  term  street 
(from  the  Latin  stratum)  was  almost 
invariably  given  by  the  Saxons  to  the 


Roman  rouils.  A  pleasant  rounlrj 
lune  leoib  ui  from  the  old  public  house 
(if  OIil  Snnun  to  tbe  rami  nbich  [lasics 
through  tbe  villnse,  anil  if  we  pursue 
thiB  riMul  lowanis  the  weat,  that  is 
from  Saliaburj  till  wo  uiss  the  Ust 
uottRges  of  tbe  villoRe  of  Slrainsri],  we 
Hrrivu  at  a  hill  called  Little  Durnford- 
hill,  from  the  tnu  of  which  we  have  a 
noble  view  nf  Old  Saruni,  with  Salis- 
bury ill  the  distance,  and  the  uhurch 
nad  village  of  Stratford  below.  The 
brow  of  the  hill  on  which  we  are  stand- 
ing is  covere'l  with  ancient  barrows, 
some  of  which  are  shewn  in  our  fore- 
groun'l.  A  lew  of  these  were  openml 
by  Mr.  Duke  in  I8II,  and  appeur  not 
to  have  been  verj  rich  in  ancient  re- 
mains. Must  of  the  mounds  seem  to 
have  been  empty  i  but  as  I  lind  it  re- 
coTdeil  that  in  1732  one  of  them  wns 
accidentally  opened,  and  a  skeleton 
with  a  speor-bewl  found,  I  am  inclined 
to  suppose  (but  Iher  may  be  Saxon ; 
perba))Hlhe  (graves  of  suuie  of  the  early 
inhabitADts  of  Sean>-byrig.  In  this 
case  Mr.  Duke  lost  his  latour  by  not 
'''eiciog  into  the  ground  under  tbe 


mound,  instead  ol  expecting  to  find 
the  sepulchral  deposit  in  the  mound 
itself. 

Let  us  now  retrace  our  steps  towards 
Salisbury.  Jujt  before  we  enter  the 
village,  a  little  bridj^e  crosses  and  par- 
tially daois  up  the  river  to  the  right, 
in  a  very  picturesque  spot.  The 
scenery  here,  indeed,  assumes  a  very 
rural  character,  and  tKe  visitor  who 
loves  a  real  country  walk,  instead  of 
returnin<^  to  the  road,  ainj  make  his 
way  back  through  the  meadows  which 
border  the  river  all  tbe  way  to  Salb- 
bury-  Some  of  them,  espcuially  close 
to  the  bank  of  the  river,  are  rich  in 
wild-dowers,  and  perfumed  with  im- 
mense masses  of  meadow- tweet,  the 
tpirott  ulmaria  of  Linnicus,  a  Hower 
which  was  not  inaptly  called  by  our 
forefathers  tbe  queen  of  the  mea- 
dows. But  whichever  path  the  viaitor 
chooses,  whether  tbe  road  through  the 
villa^  or  that  through  the  meadows, 
his  attention  will  be  continually  at- 
tracted to  the  bold  and  lolly  nutliiiea 
of  Old  Sarum,  which  ovcrlouk*  every 
other  object. 


588 


xMITFORD'S  MASON  AND  GRAY. 


THE  Correspondence  of  Gray  as 
publisheil  by  Alason  is  a  notable  in- 
stance  of  the  danger  of  an  editor  once 
admitting  into  his  mind  the  notion  of 
amending  and  altering  private  letters, 
and  thus  transcribing  himself  into  the 
book,  which  should  only  have  given 
back  the  faithful  image  of  his  author. 
No  one  could  ever  doubt  of  Mr.  Mason*s 
love  and  admiration  for  his  friend — to 
a  large  extent  his  reverential  feelings 
could  hanlly  be  stronger  than  they 
were,  and  he  was  fairly  able  to  appre- 
ciate much  of  Gray*s  character,  and 
many  of  his  thoughts  and  modes  of 
expression.  By  what  infatuation  was 
it  that  he  was  led  to  reconstruct  after 
his  own  fancy  a  good  many  of  those 
genuine,  masterly,  lively  letters,  of 
which  it  may  truly  be  said  he  could 
not  himself  have  written  one  ?  for,  as 
a  prose,  especially  as  a  letter,  writer. 
Mason  did  not  shine.  He  ought  to 
have  known,  however,  if  any  one  did 
80|  that  Gray  could  not  write  ill.  It 
was  a  necessitv  of  his  being,  and  the 
habit  of  his  life,  to  think  and  express 
himself  with  beauty  and  justness.  In 
poetry,  and  in  those  compositions 
destinetl  for  the  press,  he  might,  indeed, 
always  be 

Slow  to  create,  fiutfdious  to  refine,  [sore. 

And  wrou^rht  und  wrooKht  with  labour  lon^;  and 

A^JostioR  word  by  word,  and  line  by  line,  [o'er. 
Each  thought  and  phraae  remoulding  o*ec  and 
Till  art  could  poIlHh  and  adorn  no  more  ;* 

but  his  letters  were  evidently  dashed 
off  quickly — those  freer  writmcs  told 
their  story  of  well- formed  habits  of 
accuracy,  without  being  themselves 
laboriously  worked-out  specimens.  Mr. 
Mason,  however,  was  not  satisfied; 
and  so  he  set  to  work  to  make  what 
was  abundantly  goo<l,  better.  The 
manner  in  which  he  managed  it  was 
curious ;  he  patched  a  paragraph  from 
one  letter  on  to  a  paragraph  of  another 
— ^hc  wove  in  connecting  words  of  his 
own — he  changed  and  accommodated 
dates  to  his  arrangements — and  it  is 
certainly  wonderful  how  skilfully  these 
labours  wore  performed.  The  eye  and 
ear  are  not  otlended  by  any  incon- 
gruity. It  was  a  masterly  piece  of 
patchwork ;  but  presumptuous  patch- 


ing it  nevertheless  was,  and  as  such  it 
deserve<lly  excited  the  displeasure  of 
those  friends  who  had  freely  lent  ]Mr. 
Mason  their  treasured  letters — Dr. 
Wharton,  Mr.  Nicholls,  all,  we  should 
suppose,  who  thus  supplied  the  ma- 
ternal, were  hurt  by  Mason's  use  of  it. 
"What  apology  can  be  offered  for  such 
things  ?"  well  might  the  conscientious 
and  careful  Mr.  Mitford  ask  —  and 
thereupon  did  he  set  to  work  to  pro- 
duce nis  excellent  Life  and  Ck>rre- 
spondence  of  Gray,  in  which  he  has 
endeavoured  to  restore  what  Mason 
altered,  to  its  original  state. 

To  a  second  edition  of  this  work, 
published  in  four  volumes  12mo.  Mr. 
Mitford,  when  the  death  of  the  Rev. 
Norton  Nicholls  placed  them,  af^er  an 
interval,  at  his  disposal,  added  a  fifth 
and  supplementary  one,  almost  entirely 
founded  on  the  Gray  and  NichuUs* 
Correspondence,  as  the  volume  we  are 
now  called  on  to  notice  is  founded  on 
that  between  Gray  and  ^lason. 

Each  of  Gray*s  correspondents  ex- 
hibits the  poet  himself  in  a  different 
light;  and,  now  that  time  and  death 
have  set  their  seal  upon  the  past, 
and  there  is  no  need  to  fear  wounding 
even  a  descendant  of  the  literary  bro- 
therhood, we  may  see  exactly  how  Gray 
stood  with  all  these  different  friends. 
With  Dr.  Wharton,  the  physician, — 
with  that  generation  of  literary,  tasteful, 
learned,  scientific  clergymen,  of  whom 
it  has  oflen  been  our  lot  to  make  men- 
tion in  these  pages, — men  of  the  ancient 
type,  who  do  not  certainly  come  up  to 
our  ideas  of  the  perfection  of  the  cle- 
rical character,  but  who  did  service  in 
their  day  by  a  kindly  liberality,  by 
humanismg  tastes  and  pure  examples ; 
by  being  centres  of  civilisation  in  a 
neighbourhood,  and  by  collecting  all 
the  various  materials  for  history,  na- 
tural or  other,  which  were  to  be  had, — 
Gilbert  White  at  Selbome, — Mason  at 
Aston, — Nicholls  at  Blundcstone, — 
Old  Pa.,  as  Mr.  Palgrave  the  rector  of 
Palgrave  and  Thrundiston  was  fami- 
liarly called ; — all  these  men  were  spe- 
cimens of  a  diligent  cultivation  of  thtMii- 
sclves,  their  gardens,  and  their  literary 
tastes.     We  are  inclined  to  think  that 


♦  Moultrie. 


1853.] 

all  Graj'«  friends  were  very  conscious 
of  bis  superlaritT  to  tbemselvca.  He 
bpgsn  io  general  bj  patrODiBiug  theni 
a  little,  and  putting  them  in  the  way 
of  iinprovemeot.  It  was  ens'ier  to  him, 
witli  bis  CDn»titutional  indolence,  to 
help  thiiae  irbo  loTed  and  IbuH  looked 
up  to  hiru,  tban  to  suslHin  equal  inter- 
course witb  minds  which  nould  have 
kept  his  own  more  on  the  stretch ;  and 
it  is  worthy  orobserrat Ion  bow  enlirelv, 
wliile  renderins  theoi  many  and  really 


Mitford't  Mmon  and  Gratf. 


lift  them  to  his  level.  If  (here  be  any 
exception  to  ibis,  it  is  in  bis  6nit,  and 
evi-n  last,  remarks  on  and  to  Mason. 
TItey  are  not  always  flatterinj;.  He 
speaks  of  him,  on  tbeir  early  acquaint* 
ance,  ns  "  a  young  man  of  much  fancy, 
tilde  judgment,  and  a  good  deal  of 
mnilesty;  a  good,  well-meaning  crea- 
ture, but  insimpbcity  acbild;"  "reads 
little  or  nothing,  wntes  abundance,  and 
thai  with  a  design  to  moke  money  by 
it :  a  little  vain,  but  in  so  harmless  nnd 
comical  a  way  that  it  dues  not  ofTetul." 
Very  soon,  however,  the  docility  and 
affection  of  Mason  gained  more  of  his 
regard.  "  lie  (Mason)  grows  ^ace 
in  my  good  graees;  bas  great  good- 
nature and  simplicity  •"  is  '*  so  sincere 
and  undisguised,  that  no  mind  wiib  a 
spark  of  generosity  would  ever  think 
of  burtJDg  him."*  So  tile  friendship 
of  Gray  bccamclixed,  andnoshadow  of     the   exception   of   his   two   exquisite 


589 

Eassed  into  the  baniU  of  hi»  friend  Mr. 
tonhewer,  and  unerwiirds  to  n  relative 
ofthektler,  Mr.  Bright,  of  SkefSngton 
Hall,  Leicettershire.  The  sons  of  this 
gentleman,  on  their  father's  decease  in 
1845,  sold  Gray's  library  (his  bequest 
to  Mason),  and  the  volume  of  Corre- 
gpondencc  was  then  purcbased  by  Mr. 
Penn,  of  Stoke  Park,  who  placed  it  in 
the  careful  and  indiwtrions  hands  of 
tbe  Rev.  John  Milford  for  publication. 
To  have  secured  an  editor  who  bad 
lon«  ago  proved  bis  fitness  for  such  a 
task  was  an  importHOl  point ;  but  Mr. 
Mitfurd,  familiar  as  be  was  with  all 
tbe  Gray  records,  could  not  be  a  mere 
transcriber  for  tbe  press.  He  naturally 
looked  out  lor  whatever  could  illustrate 
the  letters.  Many  an  indistinct  allu- 
sion is  here  made  clear,  and  a  few 
amusing  anecdotes  of  Gray's  old  asso- 
ciates are  brought  forward ;  but  the 
moat  curious  port,  perhaps.  Is  the  evi- 
dence given  by  the  Corresponilence  of 
the  patience  with  which  the  higher 
poet  helped  the  lower.  We  are  aware 
that  Mason  was  by  no  means  unwilling 
to  acknowledge  theso  obligations,  but 
tlie  l^ut  of  the  labour  and  paina  which 
Gray  bestowed  upon  biiu  could  not,  till 
now,  be  at  at)  adequately  known.  He 
must,  on  the  whole,  have  thought  far 
better  of  his  friend's  poetry  than  we 
bring  ourselve 


distrust  seems   to   have  passed 
them  through  the  remainder  of  their 
joint  lives,  though  the  tone  of  a  master 
IS  never  qnite  dropped  on  the  Gray 
side. 

The  letters,  now  edited  by  Mr.  Mit- 
ford,  and  published  in  a  handsome 
octavo  volume  by  Mr.  Bcntley,  com- 
prise the  entire  correspondence,  we 
arc  told,  of  these  two  men,  which  begins 
with  the  date  of  July  17S3,  and  ends 
OcL  1770.    It  hod  been  very  carefully 

kept  and  arranged  by  Mr.  Mason,  and  which  a  sunerior  comes  to  regard  a: 
was  usud,  OS  other  collections  were  inferior  with  whom  be  has  taken  infi- 
used,  in  makiDgnpbisLifeofibepoet.  nite  pains,  and  also  for  tbe  effect  of 
But  »u  little  was  Mr.  Alaaon  inclined  that  delicate  flattery  which  is  implied 
to  be  lavish  of  what  be  was  privileged  in  the  adoption  of  tbe  same  school  of 
to  call  his  very  own,  that  he  gave  but  art.  It  was  surely  a  inistate  on  Gray's 
nine  of  Gray's  letters  to  the  world  out  part,  to  the  full  as  much  as  Moaon's, 
of  the  seventy  here  published,  and  Ibat  the  latter  was  led  Into  so  very 
thew  were  iMtcbed  up  and  made  out  artificiBl  a  style.  His  manner  of  work- 
of  aeTeral  ollien.  ing  never,  at  any  time,  had  his  inas- 

Un  his  death,  the  cvlleotion  in  MS,      ter's  approbation,  as  may  be  seen  In 


Epitaphs,  both  composed  under  the 
influence  of  strong  anil  natnrnl  feeling, 
we  can  really  find  very  little  worthy 
of  preservation  in  what  Mason  wrote 
— ^and  wrote  aboct — so  much.  Carac- 
tacus,  perhaps,  and  parts  of  ElfV-ida, 
may  be  excepted.  Vel  it  is  extremely 
difficult  to  read  whut  Gray  says  nan- 
ccming  the  Mason  poetry,  anil  not  sus- 
pect one's  own  judgment. 

Allowance,    however,  must   always 
be  ninde  for  the  kind  of  affection  with 


590 


MitfortTs  Mason  and  Gi*a9f. 


[Dec. 


the  letter,  p.  l*io,  where,  after  iiiukin^r 
some  "  little  objections"  indicative  of 
wonderful  dulness  on  the  part  of 
Mason,  Gray  says, 

Bat  I  have  a  greater.  Extreme  concise- 
ness of  expression,  jet  pure,  perspicuous, 
and  musical,  is  one  of  the  grand  beauties 
of  lyric  poetry.  This  I  have  always  aimed 
at,  and  never  coald  attain.  The  necessity 
of  rhyming  is  one  great  obstacle  to  it : 
another  and  perhaps  a  stronger  is,  that 
way  you  have  chosen  of  casting  down  your 
first  ideas  carelessly  and  at  large,  and  then 
clipping  them  here  and  there,  and  forming 
thrm  at  leisure ;  this  method,  after  all 
possible  pains,  will  leave  behind  it  in  some 
places  a  laxity,  a  diffuseness  ;  the  frame  of 
a  thoui;ht  (otherwise  well  invented,  well 
turned,  and  well  placed)  is  often  weakened 
by  it.  Do  i  talk  nonsense,  or  do  yon 
understand  me?  I  am  persuaded  what  I 
say  is  true  in  my  head,  whatever  it  may 
be  in  prose, — for  I  do  not  pretend  to  write 
prose. 

To  those  who  would  see  in  detail  the 
sort  of  process  which  Mason*s  works 
had  to  go  through,  we  must  refer  to  the 
following  specimen  of  Gray*8  criticisms 
on  the  Odes  in  Caractacus. 

P.  13. — I  do  not  desiro  he  should  re- 
turn the  Druid's  salute  so  politely.  Let 
him  enter  with  that  reflection,  '*  This  holy 
place,  &c.**  and  not  stand  upon  cere- 
mony. It  required  no  alteration,  only  I 
hate  the  word  "  vegetate,"  and  would 
read. 

Tell  me,  Druid, 
Is  it  not  better  to  be  such  as  these 
Than  be  the  thing  I  am  ? 

I  read,  too,  "  Nor  show  a  Praetor's 
edict,*'  Sec.  and  "pestilent glare,"  as  they 
were  before.  Add,  too,  **  See  to  the  altar's 
base  the  victims  led,"  &c.  And  then, 
whether  they  were  bulls  or  men,  it  is  all 
one.  I  must  repeat  again,  that  the  word 
**  Seers  "  is  repeated  for  ever. 

P.  1.5— **  I  know  it,  rev* rend  Fathers," 
&c.  This  speech  is  sacred  with  me,  and 
an  example  of  dramatic  poetry.  Touch 
not  a  hair  of  its  head,  as  you  love  your 
honour. 

P.  If). — I  had  rather  some  of  these  per- 
sonages, '*  Resignation,  Peace,  Revenge, 
Slaughter,  Ambition,"  were  stript  of  their 
al1egoric.ll  garb.'*'  A  little  simplicity  here 
in  the  expression  would  better  prepare 
the  high  nnd  fantastic  strain,  and  all  the 


unimaginable  harpings  that  follow.      I  ad- 
mire all  from  **  Eager  to  snatch  thee,  &c.*' 
down   to  the  ftrt^i  epode  of  the  cboms. 
You  give   these   Miltonic  stanzas    up  so 
easily  that  I  begin  to  waver  about  Mador'a 
song.     If  you  have  written  it,  and  it  torn 
ont  the  finest  thing  in  the  world,  I  rejoice, 
and  say  no  more.     Let  it  come  though  it 
were  in  the  middle  of  a  sermon  ;  but  if 
not,  I  do  confess,  at  last,  that  the  chorus 
may  break  off,  and  do  very  well  without 
a  word  more.     Do  not  be  angry  at  the 
trouble  I  have  given  you  ;  and  now  I  have 
found    the   reason    why   I    could    not  be 
pleased  with   Mador's  philosophic  song. 
The  true  lyric  style,  with  all  its  flights  of 
fancy,  ornaments,  and  heightening  of  ex- 
pression, and  harmony  of  sound,  is  in   its 
nature    Euperior    to    every   other    style : 
which  is  just  the  cause  why  it  could  not 
be  borne  in  a  work  of  great  length,  no 
more  than  the  eye  could  bear  to   aee   all 
this  scene  that  we  constantly  gaze  apon, — 
the  verdure  of  the  fields  and  woods,  the 
azure  of  the  sea  and  skies, — turned  into 
one  dazzling  expanse  of  gems.     The  epic, 
therefore,    assumed    a    style    of    graver 
colours,  and  only  stuck  on  a  dimond  (bor- 
rowed from  her  sister)   here  and   there, 
where  it  best  became  her.     When  we  pasa 
from  the  diction  that  suits  this  kind  of 
writing  to  that  which  belongs  to  the  former, 
it  appears  natural,  and  delights  us  ;  bat 
to  pass  on  a  sudden  from  the  lyric  glare  to 
the  epic  solemnity  (if  I  may  be  allowed  to 
talk  nonsense)  has  a  very  different  effect. 
We  seem  to  drop  from  verse  into  mere 
prose,  from  light  into  darkness.     Another 
thing  is,  the  pauses  proper  to  one  and  the 
other  are  not  at  all  the  same  ;  the   ear 
therefore  loses  by  the  change.     Do  you 
think  if  Mingotti  stopped  in  the  middle  of 
her  best  air,  and  only  repeated  the  remain- 
ing verses  (though   the  best  Metaatasio 
ever  wrote),  that  they  would  not  appear 
vciT  cold  to  you,  and  very  heavy  ? 

P.  24.—"  Boldly  dare  "  is  tautology. 

P.  '27,—"  Brigantum  :  "  there  waa  no 
such  place. 

P.  28.-^"  The  sacred  hares."  You  might 
as  well  say  **  the  sacred  hogs." 

P.  29. — There  is  an  aflfectation  in  so 
often  using  the  old  phrase  of  **  or  ere  "  for 
*•  before." 

P.  30.--"  Rack  "  is  the  course  of  the 
clouds,  "  wreck  "  is  ruin  and  deatraction. 
Which  you  do  mean?  I  am  not  yet 
entirely  satisfied  with  the  conclusion  of 
this  fine  allegory.     **  That  blest  prize  re. 


•  Chorus. 


that  Resignation  meek, 


That  dove-ey'd  Peace,  handmaid  of  Sanctity, 
Appronrhp<l  the  altar  with  thee  ;  *stead  of  the^e 
Sec  I  not  gaunt  Revenge,  ensanguined  Slaughter, 
And  mad  Ambition  ?  &c. 


1853.] 


Mitford^s  Ma^on  and  Gray, 


591 


dccm'd  *'  18  flatly  expressed  ;  and  her 
sticking  the  pages  over  the  arch  of  her 
bower  is  an  idea  a  Utile  burlesque ;  be- 
sides, are  we  sure  the  whole  is  not  rather 
too  long  for  the  place  it  is  in,  where  all 
the  interests  of  the  scene  stand  still  for  it  ? 
and  this  is  still  drawn  out  further  by  the 
lines  you  have  here  put  into  the  mouth  of 
Caractacus.  Do  not  mistake  me ;  I  ad- 
mire part  of  it,  and  approve  almost  all ; 
but  consider  the  time  and  place. 

P.  31.—"  Pensive  Pilgrim."  Why  not  ? 
there  is  an  impropriety  in  "  wakeful 
wanderer."  I  have  told  you  my  thoughts 
of  this  chorus  already  ;  the  whole  scheme 
is  excellent,  the  2d  strophe  and  antistrophe 
divine.  Money  (1  know)  is  your  motive, 
and  of  that  I  wash  my  hands.  Fame  is 
your  second  consideration  ;  of  that  1  am 
not  the  dispenser;  but  if  your  own  appro- 
bation (for  every  one  is  a  little  conscious 
of  his  own  talents)  and  mine  have  any 
weight  with  you,  you  will  write  an  ode  or 
two  every  year,  till  you  are  turned  of  fifty, 
not  for  the  world,  but  for  us  two  only ; 
we  will  now  and  then  give  a  little  glimpse 
of  them,  but  no  copies. 

P.  37.— 1  do  not  like  "  maidenhood." 
p.  38._Why  not  "smoke  in  vain,"  as 
before  ?     The  word  "  meek  "  is  too  often 
repeated. 

P.  42.— The  only  reason  why  you  have 
altered  my  favourite  speech  is,  that  "  surg- 
ing and  plunging,"  **  main  and  domain," 
come  too  near  each  other ;  but  could  not 
you  correct  those  without  spoiling  all  ?  1 
read 

Cu>t  luH  l>roa«l  eye  upon  tlie  wiM  of  ooeun, 

And  caliuM  it  wiili  a  tfluncc ;  tlien,  plunging  deep 

Ilia  mighty  arm,  pluck'd  from  itb  dark  domain,  &c. 


Pray  have  done  with  your  "  piled  stores 
and  coral  floors." 

p.  4:J.— **The  dies  of  Fate,"  that  is, 
"  the  dice  of  Fate."     Find  out  another 

word. 

p.  44.— I  cannot  say  I  think  this  scene 
improved  :  1  had  no  objection  before, 
but  **  to  harm  a  poor  wretch  like  me;  " 
and  what  you  have  inserted  is  to  me  in- 
inferior  to  what  it  was  meant  to  replace, 
except  p.  47,  **  And  why  this  silence," 
which  is  very  well ;  the  end  of  the  scene 
is  one  of  my  favourite  passages. 

p.  .19. —Why  scratch  out  "Thou,  gal- 
lant boy  ?  "  I  do  not  know  to  what  other 
seme  you  have  transferred  these  rites  of 
lustration,  but  methinks  they  did  very  well 
lua*.  Arviragiis's  account  of  himself  1 
always  wa.s  highly  plciised  with. 

\\  :,i._"  Fervid  "  is  a  bad  word. 

It  would  be  unfair  not  to  j;ive  one 


of  Mason's  own  epistles  on  the  receipt 
of  such  criticisms. 

Dear  Sir, — 1  sent  an  impatient  letter  to 
you  (to  use  Mr.  Mincing's  epithet  to  dinner) 
at  Stoke,  and,  the  day  after  it  went,  received 
yours  from  London,  vrith  its  accompani- 
ment of  criticisms,  for  which  a  thank  se- 
verally, and  ten  apiece  for  every  emenda- 
tion, that  is  to  say,  every  alteration.    Yet 
I  cannot  help  tliinking  that  if  you  had  not 
seen  the  joint  critique  from  Prior  Park,* 
you  would  not  have  judged  so  hardly  of 
some  of  my  new  lines.     True  I  did  not 
think  every  thing  that  all  my  crictics  have 
remarked  necessary  to  be  altered ;  yet  I 
altered  them  for  this  reason  :  Critics,  like 
Indians,  are  proud  of  the  number  of  scalps 
they  make  in  a  manuscript ;  and,  if  you 
don't  let  them  scalp,  they  will  do  you  no 
service.      However,    it    appears    I    have 
scalped  myself  in   some  places,  particu- 
larly at  the  beginning.    Yet  I  cannot  help 
thinking  that  *'  chills  the  pale  plain  be- 
neath him"  is  an  improvement.  Yet  1  can 
unscalp,  if  you  bid  me.     There  is  one  un- 
fortunate   thing   which    attends    showing 
either  a  marked  or  an  altered  manuscript, 
and  you  yourself  prove  it  to  me.     The 
person   that    reads   it    regards   only  the 
marks  and  alterations,  and  considers  whe- 
ther they  are  right  or  wrong,  and  hence  a 
number  of  faulty  passages  in  the  gross 
escape  his  obseivation.      I    remember   1 
showed  "  Caractacus"  this  summer  to  a 
certain  critic,  who  read  it  all  over,  and  re- 
turned it  me  with  this  single  observation  : 
"  I  have  read  it,  and  1  think  those  faults 
which  are  marked  with  a  pencil  ought  to 
be   altered."      I   was   surprised   at  this, 
because    I   did  not   know   the   MS.  was 
marked  at  h11  at  that  time.     I  examined 
it,  and  found  here  and  there  about  seven 
or  eight  almost  invisible  little   x    «  .     1 
could  not  conceive  who  had  done  it;  1 
asked  Delap  if  he  had,  and  he  cried  pec- 
cam,  assuring  me  he  only  did  it  to  re- 
member to  tell  me  of  some  minutiae  which 
he  thought  inaccurate;  but  that  he  thought 
he  had  almost  made  them  invisible.     So 
quick-sighted  is  the  eye  of  a  critic.     But 
to  proceed.     1  agree  to  almost  all   your 
criticisms,  however  they  make  against  me. 
Your  absolution  from  Mador's  song  makes 
amends  for  all.     Yet   1    am  sorry  about 
the  scene  between  Evelina  and  Elidoms ; 
it  is  what  the  generality  will  think  the 
principal  scene,  and  which  yet  is  not  w  it 
should  be.     I  am  afraid  of  making  it  mon 
pathetic,  and  yet  if  it  is  not  so,  it  will  not 
satisfy.     I  send  you  with  this  my  third 
Ode;    you  will  find  it  must  be  inserted 
soon  after  the  description  of  the  rocking- 


•  The  joint  critique  of  Dr.  Warburton  and  Rev.  Mr.  Hurd. 


592 


Mitfordtt  Ma9on  and  Gray. 


[Dec. 


stone,  and  the  lut  line  of  the  sheet  I  send 

yea  will  connect  with  this. 

So  certain  that  on  our  alMolving  tonguos 
Beats  not  tliat  power  may  save  thee. 

Curactacus,  p.  124  ;  Mason 'a  Works. 

BO  that  a  few  lines  must  be  cancelled  in 
the  copy  you  ha?e;  my  reason  for  this 
change  is,  that  1  myself  thought  (and  no- 
body else)  that  a  lustration  ode  would 
take  np  too  much  time  in  the  place  first 
intended,  and  that  the  action  went  on  too 
alow  there.  I  shall  therefore  show  more 
of  Caractacus  himself  in  the  scene  subse- 

?iient  to  the  next  I  shall  send  you,  and 
am  pretty  sure  that  (iouiet  nuembUt 
considered)  this  will  be  an  impro?ement. 
Ai  to  this  Ode,  I  do  not  expect  yon  to 
like  it  so  well  as  you  do  the  second ;  yet 
I  hope  it  is  well  enough,  and  will  have 
acme  effect  in  the  place  it  comes  in. 

It  is  worth  while  to  notice  that 
Mason*8  letter,  from  which  we  have 
just  made  an  extract,  contains  a  few 
words  of  defence  of  himself  on  a  matter 
about  which  he  complains  that  Gray 
is  "  always  twitting  *  him, — namely, 
his  motive  oigain  in  writing.  *'  Pray 
distinguish  the  matter,**  he  says.  "  I 
write  for  fame,  for  {lostenty,  for  all 
sorts  of  fine  things,  but  gain  is  mj  only 
motive  for  publishing y    No  two  men 

Eerhaps  could  be  more  unlike  than 
imself  and  Gray  on  this  point.  Gray 
had  a  sensitive  pride,  or  vanitj,  or  in- 
tellectual dandyism,  that  made  him 
dislike  being  accosted  as  an  author; 
neither  had  he  the  same  needs  as 
Mason — who,  iu  his  country  parson- 
age, underwent  the  common  fate  of 
rural  clergymen,  of  being  appealed  to 
first  in  every  charity,  and  was,  we  are 
assured  on  all  hands,  ever  ready  to 
respond  to  tlie  call.  In  Gray*s  comic 
congratulations  on  his  frientrs  prefer- 
ment to  the  precentorship  of  York,  we 
see  that  he  enjoys  and  continues  the 
joke. 

Dear  Mason, — It  is  a  mercy  that  old 
men  are  mortal,  and  that  dignified  clergy- 
men know  bow  to  keep  their  word.  I 
heartily  rejoice  with  you  in  your  establish- 
ment, and  with  myself  that  I  have  lived 
to  see  it — to  see  your  insatiable  mouth 
stopped,  and  your  anxious  perriwig  at  rest 
and  slumberiug  in  a  stall.  The  Bishop  of 
London  (Hayter),  yoU  see,  is  dead;  there 
is  a  fine  opening.  Is  there  nothing  fur- 
ther to  temjit  you  ?  Feel  your  own  pulse, 
and  answer  me  seriousfly.     It  rains  pre- 


centorships ;    you  have  only  to  hold  up 
your  skirt  and  catch  them. 

I  long  to  embrace  you  in  your  way  to 
court.  1  am  still  here,  so  are  the  Glasses  * 
and  their  master.  The  first  still  delight 
me  ;  I  wish  I  could  say  as  much  for  the 
second.  Come,  however,  and  see  us,  such 
aa  we  are.  Mr.  Brown  is  overjoyed  at  the 
newa;  yet  he  is  not  at  all  well.  I  aai 
(which  is  no  wonder,  being  undignified 
and  much  at  leisure,)  entirely  yours, 

T.  G. 

Aflerwards  he  tells  his  friend  £>r. 
Brown  that  "the  precentor  is  very 
hopefully  improved  in  dignity :  his 
scarf  sets  the  fullest  about  his  ears  : 
his  surplice  has  the  most  the  air  of 
lawn-sleeves  you  can  imagine  in  su 
short  a  time ;  lie  begins  to  complain  of 
qualms  and  indigestions  from  repose 
and  repletion;  iu  short  i7  tranche  le 
prelat.  We  went  twice  a  day  to  church 
with  our  vergers  and  all  our  pomp." 
The  reader  may  haply  call  to  mind,  if 
he  chances  to  be  versed  in  the  theolo- 
gical controversies  of  the  day,  how, 
eleven  years  afterwards,  this  same 
fflorified  precentor  was  embarrassed 
Dj  the  inconsiderate  retirement  of  his 
friend  the  Rev.  Theophilus  Lindsey 
from  the  living  of  Catterick,  and  from 
the  church  itself,  in  deference  to  con- 
scientious doctrinal  scruples.  Nothing 
could  be  more  affectionate,  more  hearty, 
and  we  believe,  up  to  the  measure  of 
the  man,  more  sincere,  than  Mason's 
remont»trance  on  the  extreme  folly  and 
ill-consequence  of  acting  in  conformity 
to  such  scruples ;  but  also,  when  his 
advice  was  rejected  and  the  step  taken, 
to  his  honour  be  it  spoken,  tne  pre- 
centor's heart  was  still  open  to  his 
friend,  and  his  was  the  first  house  that 
sheltered  his  then  homeless  head. 
But  this  belongs  to  a  later  perio<l — 
Mason  had  then  sustained  the  heaviest 
of  his  sorrows;  and  Gray,  who,  under 
it,  had  done  for  him  all  that  conside- 
rate and  respectful  tenderness  could 
prompt,  had  terminated  his  career  also. 
We  cannot  forbear  giving  the  short 
and  feeling  letter  to  the  bereaved  hus- 
band, though  it  is  already  well  known, 
because  it  introduces  Mason^s  reply, 
now  first  published. 

My  dear  Mason, — I  break  in  upon  you 
at  a  moment  when  we  least  of  all  are  per- 
mitted to  disturb  our  friends,  only  to  say 


*  The  Musical  Glasses,  which  were  introduced,  and  became  the  fashion,  about  thi 
time. 
6 


J8S3.] 


/Viljhrd'i  Mnnon  tinii  Grai/. 


britiil'ull  IiiUi  tliQ  ili'xl  ruiiiii  lit  i/ry.  1 
beliove  im  did  not  hour  il  iiuJle  Uirniijili, 
nor  bus  be  ever  nskud  to  licur  it  n^ain. 
Now,  will  you  not  come  and  ace  him?" 
"God  hiesa  Dr.  Whiirlon,"  wye 
Mason  in  reply,  "nnd  senil  him  thnt 
he  ma;  never  feel  w)iat  t  fci^l.  I  will 
come  to  him  tlio  moment  I  cnn." 

The  odd  but   BOUiewhat  tempered 
spirit  of  formality  Id  Mnson,  nnrl  of 
criticism  in  Grny,  Hprinjju  up  ngsin  in 
the  progress  of  the  epitnpn  on  Miss 
I  uiie  long  understood  bow  little  fon     Crummond,  wbicb  Musou  wrote  wilh 
liid  to  ho|)e.  relucLince  on  the  earnest  aoii  tearful 

-As  this  littlB  billet,  which  I  Bupplienlioti  of  the  parent,  then  Arch- 
il tha  Hot  WdUnlmoil  the  pre-  Wshop  of  York.  "It  cannot  be  cs- 
ueaomeotwheT.,twondbcmo«t.tfcct-  ^tcd,"  he  sajB,  "neitber  would  I 
nB.lhtnbn'SthedanJsti   icemstobrcathe     f^;  ^  -I    .1,  1  .-      1    .  t  k.u.. 

he  toiee  of  friendship  in  its  tendcr«t  and     ^Ti^l'.J^A'' J^!,.!'i!!.t'.  .l^.^'J-^Mh'! 
it  pathetic  nnta,  1  caaaot  reft^n  from 


tliBt  ;uu  iiH  daily  and  lioarljr  preseat  to 
ID]'  tlioughta.  If  the  worst  be  not  yst 
psuert,  yon  will  neglect  aad  pardoii  me ; 
bot  if  the  lut  struggle  be  oter,  if  the  poor 
object  of  jour  long  aniietiei  be  do  longer 
scntibls  to  your  kindness^  or  to  her  onn 
suffering*,  allow  roe  (at  least  in  idea,  for 
what  eould  I  do  were  I  preicnt  more  iban 
this.-)  to  sit  by  yoa  In  silence,  and  pity 
from  my  heart,  not  her  who  is  at  rest,  but 
ynu  who  lose  her.  May  He  who  made  us, 
the   Milter  of  oar  pT  '     ' 


support  yoo 


Adie< 


receited  si 


publishing  it  in  this  pb 

Dear  Mr.  Gray, — The  desr  tcstimoaisl 
of  your  friendship  reached  Bristol  shout 
the  time  when  the  last  offices  were  done 
to  tny  loit  angel  at  the  cathednl,  and  was 
broiiffht  to  mc  hither  jnst  now,  where  I 
had  fled  to  my  Wadsworth  rcUtioni  a  few 


rs  hefore  the  c( 


\a 


r  health,  I 
know  not  what  either  of  them  are ;  but  I 
lliiiik  that  I  mean  at  present  to  steal 
thtougb  London  rery  soon  and  come  to 
yuu  at  Cam  bridge,  though  I  fear  it  is  about 
the  time  you  sre  going  to  town,  I  hare 
btuineis  there  with  Sidney  College.  I  can 
add  no  more  but  that  1  sm  as  much 

Yoors  as  I  am  my  own,  W.  M. 
It  ia  wortbj  of  note  liow  delicately 
afterwards  Gray  hints  at  improvements 
it)  the  epitAtib.  Mr.  Mitford  says  thnt 
(irnr  liimsclf  wruiu  iht  three  Inst  lines 
ill  tbu  Mason  pcwni.  It  may  be  so; 
but  nc  do  not  cult  tliem  the  best  lines. 
Aftcrwnrda  wc  Und  bim  telling  Mnson 
tlint  liu  had  ventured  to  ahow  the  epi- 
tiLpb  (u  Dr.  Whartun,  "and  sent  hiin 


...      ny  beart'a  Iieart."   And  n< 

eordingly  he  b^un  nt  first  in  pompous 
jihrascology : — 

A  CtirtsMan  «ee  Willi  dignity  can  -Kp. 

See  mllrwl  I'niromuoil  Leave  I]<o  liMn-loll 
grmn.tK. 
"1  like  not  the  three  first  lines," 
sayaGray;  "they  appear  to  bo  written 
by  the  chaniain,  and  liavc  an  air  uf 
lluttcry  in  tlieiu."  Muson  was  h  little 
touchy  nt  hia  crilioisms.  "You  arc 
Tury  jierverse,"  replies  his  friend  [  "  1 
ilo  desire  you  will  not  think  of  dropping 
Tour  design,"  &c.  "  I  nllowed  ttie  latter 
half  to  be  esccllcnl,  two  or  tbree  little 
words  excepted.  If  this  will  not  do, 
for  the  future  I  mtist  say  (whatever 
you  nenil  roe)  tbet  iho  wbule  is  tbo 
innst  perfect  thing  in  nature,  which  it 
ia  ensy  to  do  when  0110  knows  it  will 
be  acceptable.  Sci^ously,  I  should  be 
very  sorry  ifyou  did  not  correct  those 
lines."  Happily  this  remonstrance  was 
taken  in  good  part,  and  the  beautiful 
epitaph,  tiie  seeond  best,  perbn|«,  iit 
our  lutiguiigc,  stauds  completed  [hui     — 


Here  sleeps  what  once  was  heaoly,  once  was  grace, 
Urace  Ibst  wilh  lenderneU  and  sense  combined. 
To  form  that  harmony  of  soul  and  fsoe. 

Where  bcanly  ihiueB  the  mirror  of  the  mind. 
Such  wM  the  maid,  that,  in  the  morn  of  youth. 

Id  lirgio  innocence,  in  nsloro'a  pride. 
Blest  wilh  each  art  that  owes  its  charm  to  trath. 

Sank  in  ber  father's  fond  embrace  aad  died. 
He  weeps.    O  t  tenerate  the  holy  tear  I 

Paith  lends  her  aid  to  esse  sfBictioo'a  load  • 
The  parent  mourns  hi*  child  npon  the  bier. 
The  Christian  yields  an  angel  to  hit  God- 
It  is  n  little  diflicutt  to  return  to     nearly  over.    Of  tbe  *o1iir«- 
inphicea  of  litcniture  after  this  i     need  not  say,  that.  M  ih, 
pity  oar  ipacu  is  small,  and  our  task     icvpondcncq  of 
Um.1AM.VoL.Xh, 


JKj^Sw^f  JfoMS  ami  Grvv. 


TWre  art  iIm  iome  en- 
tircij  £ev~Iett«n  itiir^aied  to  the  Rer. 
Dr/Br-'VT^  «lu>  wxf  lla«t«r  ct  Pem- 
broke C<.iii»«<t  'iurln^  Gtjit*!  rai4eii«^ 
ifccrr  :  iC'l  ;i  U  n/oifiUm  u>  a^id  tkjit 

Ae  &:;v.rt  preface  and  nrites.    ^e 

•boa!'!  'X  war.ti&2  iQ  ^  ^^  exercise 
of  wlut  ii  !.v«k«d  afWiii  ai  tLe  proTizice 
of  critirt*  if  we  Lel«i  up  th«  letten  to 
Ifaion  aj  Graj'4  l/tAtt — and  Uus  was. 
we  douKt  not,  ^Ltaon's  own  opizuoo. 
or  be  wouM  cot  bjtTe  lued  taem  90 
fperin^rlj :  but  tbej  hare  a  fpedal  in- 
lereat,  or.e  which  persooal  feeling  for- 
bade him  to  [ATtake  with  the  pablic. 
md  we  are  thankful  now  to  poveas 
tfcem. 

In  the  Appendix  we  find  a  few  in- 
teratiD:;  p^kruculan  of  Boutetten,  not 
rtrj  h*:w.  unless  we  maj  except  an 
eztra/:t  in  French  from  a  little  work 
calle^l  ^  SoQTenirs  de  CbeTiriier  Victor 
de  Boostetten,**  written  the  rear  before 
bis  death  at  Genera,  (Mr.  3litford  has 
•^Genr/a,")  in  1^31,  ajced  87.  He  in 
Ibis  gives  what  the  Editor  jostlj  calls 
**  ft  carious  and  interesting  account  of 
Gra/ s  life." 

Diz-hnit  aas  ST^iit  nM>a  s^w  a  Ny on* 

J'avaU  psM^  qoelqoes  mois  a  Caabridfe 

•tec  Ic  C4e1t:hrc  po^  Grm^^,  pmqoe  dans 

bi  B^rne  intimittr  rja'aTcc  Matkuin,  mais 

•fee  Gctte  difference,  qae  Chrof  arait  trcnte 

ans  pla«  rioe  moi,  et  Mmikinm  taut  de 

Boins.     Ma  ^*ibt^,  moa  amour  poor  la 

poSftie  An^lou,  que  Je  lUmt  atee  Grajr, 

raTaieot  comme  ■abjoga^,  de  maniere  que 

la  differeoGc  de  oos  ages  n'eUit  plas  icntie 

par  nous.    J'ctais  log^  a  Cambridge  dans 

wi  caf^,  Toiiin  da  Pembroke  Hall.     Groj^ 

J  Tivait  ensereli  dans  one  etpece  da  cloltre, 

a*oii  k  qtiiozieme  siecle  n'aTait  pas  encore 

d^m^iag^*.     La  ?ille  de  Cambridge  avec 

sea  collrges  solitaires  n*etait  qa*ane  ri- 

nnion  de  coavenii,  ou  les  mathematfqaes, 

et  qucrlque  Kieocei,  ont  pris  la  forme  et 

le  co«iume  de  la  tb^-oiogie  da  mojen  age. 

De  bfMux  crm?eQ8  a  longs  et  sileniacox 

eorridoreH,  des  solitaires  en  robes  noirs, 

des  jeuoes  seignears  travestis  en  moincs,  a 

bouncti  carry's,  portant  des  souTenirs  dea 


•■c  d^  ecf  rti*  4* 
La  mTQcr  profferax  i^xtea:^ 
dcaert  dm  cmr.     Tci  ;  «:  a  Cm 
en  IT^ad.     Qaei  eciLSniCe  ie  Jmaiic 
a  Caatbri(f^  avec 

Grav  en  se  ocoiiaaESjaC  a 
cabtiait  q«e  >  z-taat  d« 
U  scc^cnaaedm 
le  de  Gny 
daas  le  lombre   maacLr  4e  C; 
U  sewtmir  ^  m* 

iZac 
Qoard  je  \fd 
fCffi  de  loi.  U  ae  loi  ^t 
Jelm 
bies   BM  rtpoodre  ?     Mj 

aartahdemboacbc     Jcle 
lea  BOOB,  de  cinqoe  bc«res  j 
Nona    bsions    Sbak^err,   qw'd 
Drjden,  Pope,  Mihoo,  &e. :  ct 

,  oomme  celle  de  ramtir.  a'l 

a  la  denucre  pmift.  Jc 
Gray  ma  vie  et  mon  pny** 
toBtc  m  vie  A  lai  ctast  fermee  powr 
Jmmmu  a  ae  bm  parlaii  de  InL  11 
y  await  cbez  Gray,  cntre  le  prescBt  ct  le 
paaa^y  an  abuie  infraochisabLe.  Qsand  je 
Toolais  on  approchc,  de  sombres 
fcoaient  le  ooaTrir.  Je  cnu  qne 
n'a^t  jantais  aime,  c'ctait  k  mot  da 
rcnigme,  et  en  etait  resahc  one  aaiaere  da 
CQBor,  qai  faisait  eontnstc  arec  son  imafi- 
natioa  ardente  cc  profoodc,  qoc,  an  liew 
de  faire  le  bonbcor  de  aa  ric,  n'ctait  qae 
le  toorment.  Gray  await  la  gaiete  «iima 
Tesprit,  et  de  la  melancobe  dans  le  canc- 
tere.  Maij  cette  melanoolie  n'est  qn^ia 
besoin  non  satisfait  de  la  seasibilite.  Cbcs 
Ormg  elle  tenait  aa  genre  de  rie  de  son 
Ime  ardcDtc,  relrgaee  sons  le  pole  arctiqae 
de  Cambridge. 

That  "arctic  pole  of  Cambridge,** 
however,  had  its  peculiar  inspirations. 
Among  them,  as  we  have  oflen  noted, 
B  the  abundance  of  birds  which  en- 
liven the  open  country.  Graj  felt 
this  influence,  no  doubt,  when  walking 
one  day  with  Nicholls  be  broke  out  in 
the  following  extempore  couplet — 

There  pipei  the  skylark,  and  the  toog-thnuh 

there 
Scattan  his  hwae  BOiet  in  the  watle  of  air. 


CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN. 

TlioPiilieDtWolliafftoii'nDMCfflitliKiin  Ihe  ITomo  or  Stafford— Eilractt  fwni  Uie  MS. Dlnlm 

Stntdor— English  HMorlcal  Fdrtnlta  uid  Gnaigtx't  Diognphlcal  Elitorj  of  Englud— S«IM.  I 
FimLIIsi  In  SvcdtD :  The  Honri»,  BtunUUmi,  ttoogluei,  Slncl 
Cannt  Panen^llaitbDlChHrlctXri.  Hli  FDTIr^l-TbsS'rgdli 
lh«  \iiMHln  Mklrnrocm— Tbe  Shop:  In  IVeguoinitcr  Ball. 

Tbk  Dcat  or  Willihotoh's  Descent  rKou  tub  Hodsb  of  ST&vroKn. 

Ua.   Uhban, — Allow   me   to  correct  ■□»  iDdWRLLtNGTov  ire  both  Jescendo^  I 

ths  impreaiion  vhich  your  correipondcat,  oi  I  hare  ghotrp,  !rom  Edirtrd  llie  Tbirjf  | 

Mr.  B.  W.  GreeaficM,  in  your  October  bgr  his  dsugliter  Joan  of  Acres  ind  W  I 

number  (p.  379),  eDlerCains  tbaC  1  hare  grand-iliiaghter  the  wife  of  Ralph  StaSbr^i  1 

"  fkiled  In  nuking  out  the  descent  of  tb«  and    aUu   from   that    moDorcU'i  younger  J 

great  Duke  (of  WeUinglon)  through  the  danghlerE[Uabeth,aiidherhtiibiDdHnt»  I 

Sufford  Hue."     The  fact  is  that  in  mj  phtey  de  Bohun  ;  and  In  my  tablM  !  bkf^  f 

book  a  table  i«  given  of  the  Duke  of  Wil-  derived  Nei.sos  from  liTe.anit  WeiLim 

linglon'B    dejcent    from    Ralph,    Earl   of  ton  from  four,  of  King  Edward'ichildra.., 

Stafford  [Tabie  x.),  through  hia  daughter  More    royal   detcenta   may    probably    M  J 

Joan"!  marriage  with  John  de  Cherlton;  traced  of  lbe«B  heroes,  of  w"-"'    '  ' — " 

ai  In  another  table  (iv.)  the  pedigree  of  glimpies  In  my  reiearrbea,  1 

Lord  NelBDn  is  let  forth  from  Ralph  Staf-  being  to  give  only  ancb  ptdigreei 


ford  through  hii  ion  Hugh,  the 
Earl.  But  it  it  quite  true  that  1  admit 
having  been  uonble  to  trace  the  conoectioD 
between  the  great  English  houae  of  Staf- 
ford and  those  StaHbrili  who  settled  in 
Ireland,  however  desirous  of  so  doing, 
and  nsing  every  exertion  to  find  the  clut. 
The  pedigree  given  by  Mr.  QreenAeld  of 
the  great  Dnke's  descent  from  Earl  Ralph, 
through  the  valiant  Sir  Humphrey  S(af- 
ford,  killed  in  Jack  Cade'a  nhellion,  and 
immortaliied  by    Sliakapere,  would  be 


[B    may    pTirimuij    un  m 

lei,  of  which  I  fount  -I 
arrliea,  but  my  objes  1 
icti  ptdigreea  as  wodU  I 
bear  the  strictest  scrutiny   in   the  only   * 
quarter  in  which  recognition  is  aalisfio- 
tory,  I  have  abstained  from  encumbering 
my  work  with  doDbtf\]l  lines  of  draeml, — 
I  remain.  Sir,  your  obedient  serrant, 

GeOBOK  RU9SKLI.  Pbehch. 

IB,  Eiattx-gardttu,  Hydt  Pari. 

Ocl.  a,  1I4&3. 

Note. — In  our  review  of  Mr.  Freneh'i 

book  (in  our  Mageiine  for  September,  p. 

?S1)  we  apecifled  so  distinctly  the  levrral 

through  which  the  author  had  traced 


valnable  addition  to  Wellinoton's  royal     the  Royal  Descents  of  bii  two  Heroea, 


deicenla,  if  it  can  be  established,  but  I 
am  obliged  to  state  that,  having  made  due 
inquiry  at  the  College  of  Arms,  the  remit 
is,  that,  atthough  in  a  book  in  the  college 
there  is  a  pedigree  agreeing  with  Mr. 
Greenfield's  acmant  down  to  Sir  Francia 
Stafford  (II),  yet  that  book  ia  not  rccog- 
niaed  as  having  any  authority.  Mr.  Burke, 
also,  expressly  mention*  that  the  (eldest) 
non  of  (he  TKliant  Sir  Humphrey,  vii.  (S) 
Hnmphrey  Stalford  of  Grafton,  died  v-fM- 
OUt  iine;  this,  If  true,  cauaes  Mr.  Oreen- 
fleld'a  pedigree  to  fall  to  the  ground. 
I  had  the  pleasure  of  knowing  the  late 


ibmit  to  any  i] 
of  having  miirepreseuted  him  ;  and  we 
feel  some  disappointment  thtt  be  thoutd 
not  have  received  with  a  belter  grace  ths 
valuable  information  of  onr  correapondent, 
Mr.  Greenfield.  We  are  now  furnished 
with  that  gentleman's  Huthoritiei,  which, 
with  hia  permission,  we  print : — 
" '"      French,  after  using  every  e 


lion,  hss  been  u 


able  K 


a  clue  1 


the 


connection  between  the  Stafforda  of  Ire- 
land and  the  great  English  family  of  that 
name,  or  to  esubliah  the  descent  of  Ibo 
Duke  of  Wellington  from  Ralph  first  Evl 


Captain  R,  A.  McNighten,  whose  lineal      of  Stafford  through  the  SUfTotds  of  Graf- 


ancestor  John  MeNighten  married  He 
lister  of  Captain  Edmand  Francis  Stafford 
(11),  and  It  was  hia  impression  and  that  of 
others  of  the  family  thai  CapWin  Stafford 
was  royally  descended  ihroogh  the  Staf- 
forda of  England  from  Thomas  of  Wood- 
stock ;  Ihia  could  only  be  ^m  the  mar- 
riage of  that  prince's  daughter.  Anne 
Ptastuenet,  with  Edmund  Stafford,  fifth 
*»*  Of  Stafford,  who  war  slain  at  Shrcn- 
1  recorded  by  Shakspere;  bnt  in 
Sir  Humphrey  Stafford  could 


tte  renurknhle  that  Net- 


valuabte 

addition  lo  Wellington's  Royal  Descents 
withont  further  trouble. 

"  For  the  descent  of  the   Stallbrds  of 
Portglenone  from  the  Stafforda  of  Grafton 
see  funeral  certificate  In  Heralds'  Collen 
of  Thomas,  son  and  heir  of  Sir  Fran&  J 
Stafford,  Kt.  and  bis  wife 
who  died  2Mh  Sept.  1619;  Herwlds'  Visl^ 
Istions  of  Berkshire  in  1533,  1SG6,  1S94,  ' 
1997.  and  1623,  Heralds'  College  ;  will  of    '' 
Sir  Reode  Stafford  of  Bradfield,  1606,  <a 
Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury ;  parish 
ehareh  register  of  Bradfield,  br  baptEsm 


596 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


[Dec 


of  l|^'  Francis  Stafford  ;  and  the  pedi- 
grees of  Stafford  in  Ulster**  office,  Dublin 
Castle. 

"For  Humphrey  Stafford,  ar.,  who  was 
attainted  in  1  Henry  Vll.,  being  son  and 
heir  of  Sir  Humphrey,  who  was  killed  at 
Sevenoaks  in  1150,  see  Escheat  Bundles, 
28  Hen.  VI.  No.  7.  Inq.  p.  m.  of  Sir 
Humphrey  Stafford,  Knt  of  Grafton  ;  and 
10  Hen.  V11I.  No.  70  and  143,  and 
12  Hen.  VIII.,  No.  85,  Inq.  p.  m.  of 
Thomas  Stafford,  esq.  younger  son  of 
Sir  Humphry  of  Grafton ;  Judgement  Rolls 
in  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  Michaelmas, 
36  Hen.  VIII.  memb.  636;  Roll  of  Me- 
moranda  in  Exchequer,  Michaelmas,  22 
Hen.  VII.  rot.  53,  and  Hilary,  23  Hen. 
VII.  rot.  28 ;  Archbishops'  Registers  at 
Ltmbcth  Palace  for  administration  of  ef- 
fects of  Sir  Humphry  Stafford,  Knt  de- 
ceased intestate,  granted  to  his  widow  and 
Humphry  his  son  and  heir,  22  June,  1450. 
Register  Kempe,  f.  268*.    Cartas  Anti- 


que in  the  late  Augmentation  Office,  M. 
43  ;  and  Cartte  Miscellanese,  in  the  same 
office,  vol.  ii.  No.  172 ;  Bishopric  of  Wor- 
cester Registers,  charter  of  foundation  of  a 
chantry  in  Bromsgrove  church,  dated  15 
March,  13  Edw.  IV.  Rei^ster  Alcock, 
fols.  102,  3,  4  ;  Heralds*  VisiUtiona  of  oo. 
Northampton,  1618-19,  and  Berkshire  in 
1533,  &c.  I  omit  all  the  secondary  evi- 
dence, such  as  the  numerous  printed  aa- 
thorities  and  MSS.  in  the  British  and 
Ashmolean  Museums,  and  Bodleian  Lii- 
brary ;  as  the  authorities  I  have  given  are 
admissible  as  evidence  in  the  Queen's 
Courts,  and  at  the  Bar  of  the  House  of 
Lords.  Mr.  French  does  not  define  what 
is  that  **  only  quarter  in  which  recogniiion 
it  Matiffactory ;"  but  if  ho  has  substan- 
tiated all  his  pedigrees  upon  like  legal 
proof  as  what  I  have  sent  to  you,  he  will 
have  accomplished  a  most  difficult  and 
Uboriotts  task.  B.  W.  6.*' 


EXTEACTS  FROM  THK  MS.  DiAEIBS  OV  Db.  StUKBLKY. 


Mr.  Urban, — Among  the  literary  wor- 
thies of  the  last  century,  the  industrious 
and  useful  antiquary  above  named  is  emi- 
nently entitled  to  our  gratitude  and  re- 
spectful estimation.  His  published  works 
are  numerous,  and  contain  much  curious 
and  interesting  information.  By  the  quan- 
tity of  manuscripts  he  left  at  his  death,  he 
seems  to  have  been  indefatigable  in  record- 
ing the  results  of  varied  inquiry,  reading, 
investigation,  and  imagination.  Unfortu- 
nately for  his  fame,  there  have  been  too 
much  of  the  last  quality  both  printed  and 
preserved  in  manuscript.  Hence  matters 
of  fact  and  sound  information  have  been 
confounded  with,  and  deteriorated  by,  the 
▼agaries  of  theory  and  fancy.  A  well-di- 
gested and  discriminating  biography  of  the 
good  Medical  Priest  would  be  a  valuable 
work  in  the  archeological  library.  The 
manuscript  materials  in  my  possession, 
with  others  in  the  Bodleian  and  different  li- 
braries, abound  in  data  for  such  a  memoir. 
Amongst  other  matters  it  might  tend  to 
elucidate  and  settle  the  genuineness  of 
JHehard  of  Cirencetier'^t  Itinerary. 

The  following  passages  from  his  manu- 
script diaries  in  my  possession  will  give 
the  reader  some  insight  into  the  Doctor's 
habits  of  journalizing ;  and  at  the  same 
time  furnish  some  topographical  anecdotes. 
Yours,  &c.  J.  Brittox. 

Burton  Street,  London, 
Nov.  16,  1853. 

Augt.  1 722. — Visited  SToyRHENOB  with 
Oer.  Vandergucht  and  Jo.  Pine,  engravers. 

27  Mar.  1749.-- 1  gave  Dr.  Mead  an 
acc«  in  writing,  containiug  a  whole  sheet 


of  paper,  of  Ricardut  Wettmons  manu- 
script. 

89. — I  measured  the  ground  west  of  oar 
barring  ground,  and  formed  a  scheme  of 
asking  it  of  the  Foundling  Hospital,  in  con- 
sideration of  burying  their  poor  gratis. 

31.-- 1  finished  the  translation  of  Hi- 
eardut  Weetmonatteriensis. 

1  Ap. — I  went  to  view  the  sale  of  Sir 
Chrisp''  Wren^e  collection  t  an  infinity  of 
his  drawings  and  designs  for  London,  &c. 
after  the  fire;  of  the  churches  and  publick 
buildings ;  the  finished  drawing  of  S. 
Paul's  first  design,  which  the  D.  of  York 
put  a  stop  to,  least  it  should  outdoc  S. 
Peter's;  a  vast  design  for  Whitehall;  an 
excellent  model  of  the  moon ;  an  infinite 
collection  of  Roman  and  Greek  coins  ; 
intaglios,  many  urns  and  marble  reposi- 
torys  for  urns,  some  statues  and  bustes. 

8. — I  saw  Mrs.  Ward's  excellent  eoU 
lection  qf  pictures  at  Whitehall ;  among 
them  the  famous  representation  of  nature 
by  Rubens,  which  I  have  formerly  seen  at 
S'  James  Thomhiirs ;  the  famous  andirons 
found  in  Nero's  golden  house ;  and  abund- 
ance of  other  curiosities. 

8  March,  XlhO.—RoMelagh.—BidoUo. 
—Running  to  the  Ridotto :  as  full  as  ever. 
In  the  mornings  commonly  3000  persons. 
So  thoughtless  the  world  in  general.  Tho* 
some  familys  at  the  same  time  removing 
out  of  town,  as  if  they  would  get  out  of 
the  way  of  Providence.  [This  alludes  to 
the  earthquake's  second  visit  to  London;  an 
account  of  which  the  Doctor  wrote  for,  and 
read  at,the  Royal  Society,  15  March,  1750.] 

27  May,  1752.— Oz^er/on—iSa/tsAury.— 
At  Coanoellor  Stonesby's,  in  the  Temple, 


1853.] 


Correifnndenre  of  Si/hantts  Ui-ban. 


I  saw  *a  aaticDt  Suon  imago  of  llie 
Virgin'i  mo'  tncking  bcr  to  read  :  found 
50  ft.  Jeep  tti  EmI  Overton  by  S»U»lurj, 
S,  Ann.    Ti>  well  enoo^  cut. 

23  June.  1753.— Wd  diicoiered  tliat  tlie 
MS.  bible  of  Wciiliff'a  traniUIion.  be- 
longing lo  Mr.  Llwyd  of  Sliropahire,  ij 
really  printed,  but  the  initiala  are  illami- 
naleJ,  in  imitation  of  iuanusarii<l9.  Sam. 
Gale. 

30. — I  insured  at  tlie  Sua  lire  office  my 
rectory  houM^OOf.  my  Ubrary  and  printed 
books  200/.     P,ud  IT(.  Hd. 

39  Aagt,  1722.  —  I  and  Mr.  Baker 
drank  thia  (lea)  in  my  library  [En  Great 
Ormond-itrcel-l 

14  Sep.  1T.S3.— Viewed  that  admirable 
■nliqnity  on  Heuntlow  Htatfi,  by  Herbo- 
roir.  Caiar't  Cimp.  Saw  aeieral  oitrichee 
at  Ibe  Dukc'a  Lodge,  Windsor  Foreit. 

4NoT.  1/53.— Dinedattheannual  feast 
at  the  Foutidliitg  Hotpili 
Taylor  White  treasurer; 
Hogarth,  Huihaa,  Scot,  BroKn,  Dolton, 
ptinitTM:  Roubilliac,  statuary;  Pine,  en - 
graTer;  Howbraken  ;  Mr.  Jacobton,  the 
architect  of  Ibe  house,  &c.  a  coien  of  my 
lalo  fH  Councelloi  Sluketey. 


AKD  GnANOBK's  BlOQHAPHI 

Mr.  UnnAN.—The  lliograpbieal  His- 
tory of  England,  by  the  Rat.  Jamei 
Granger,  is  considered  a  standard  work, 
■od  bii  always  had  the  credit  of  beiug 
very  well  executed.  Bat  thii  praise  ap- 
pllea  chially,  1  belteie,  to  the  manner  in 
which  the  uuihar  pennwl  bis  biographical 
■ketebei,  which  are  at  Onoe  terse  and 
aatiafactjry,  and  eontain  estimates  of  per- 
tonH  character  both  just  and  well  ei- 
preaaed.     It  is,  however,  1  think  much  to 

critieal  portiune,  I  mean  the  description 
□f  engraved  poitmits,  the  book  has  not 
receiited  neater  improvements  from  tba 
editorf  who  hate  superintended  ita  re- 
peated impressions.  In  llie  fifth  edition, 
whioh  1  believe  is  the  most  recent,  eom- 
priied  in  six  vulame«  octavo,  182'!,  the 
descriptions  of  printa  ore  in  many  reapecta 
not  more  perfect  than  in  the  Aril.  The 
title-page  boastd  that  more  than  four  bun- 
dled addilionnl  lives  have  been  introduced, 
and  of  conne  there  is  a  still  larger  num- 
ber  of  additional  portraita  enumerated ; 
bat  no  proper  care  has  been  taken  to  im- 
prove the  deacriptiona  of  Ibe  prints  origi- 
nally given,  or  to  amend  their  lapses  and 
imperfections. 

These  remarks  especially  apply  wher- 
ever there  is  a  long  list  of  portraits  ap- 
pended lo  Ihe  name  of  one  peruinagc. 
In  auch  cBBei  there  is  no  arriMgenieut, 
cither  of   painlers,   engravers,   date*,   or 


Dec  13,  1752.— At  the  opening  t 
lAtaler  qflht  Surgeeiu,  witli  a  lecture  on 
the  body  of  a  murderer  :  my  old  fr' 
Ranby  master.  I  promised  them  the  pic- 
ture of  Serjeant  Surgeon  Wiseman.  They 
showed  me  great  respects.  Met  my  old 
rrieod  Legar  Sparham,  and  Freak. 

Ttb  Angt.  1759.— With  regret  I  nwa 
■em  pullin;  down  the  fine  old  gateway  b#  | 
Whileliiill,  built  by  H.VIII.  fortboera(ft  I 
H.  Hotben,  arch'. 

13th.— Set  out  for  Chelmsrord  anil 
Lexden.  Surveyed  the  wonderfnil  works 
of  Cunobeline  nt  Beliricsy, 

aSlhAue.  1763.— At  Mr.  Baker's;  saw 
a/ottil  ktad  of  a  crocodile  of  enormous 
size,  found  on  the  Norfolk  coast ;  also  a 
very  elegant  bronze  Satyr,  found  at  Vents 
leenorum.  Norff. 

20lh  Oct.  1704.-1  aiwat  Mr.  Diion's. 
mason  of  the  nelo  liridg  now  making  at 
Black  fryni,  a  large  trunk  of  an  oak 
found  a  yard  deep  perpendicular  in  the 
■lone  quarrji  of  Portland;  another  hiy 
horizontal,  tfaebrancbei  broken  off;  it  wai 
■0  wholly  petrify'd,  that  it  bears  a  good 

I 

rCAL  POBTBAIIB, 

CAL  MisTDBV  or  ENQtANn. 
prints  of  the  same  aiie  or  cliaracler  ;  very 
little  discrimination  between  those  which 
are  extremely  rare  or  remarkable,  and 
those  which  are  copiea  and  eomparatively 
worthlas;  and  altogether  the  account  of 
the  more  valuable  prints  ii  leu  perfect 
and  exact  than  is  to  be  desired. 

Take  as  an  example  the  head  of  James 
tbe  First.  A  large  number  of  portraits  of 
James  are  slightly  mentioned  in  the  Fiftli 
edition  of  Granger,  ainouuting  in  all  to 
fifty-one,  besides  seven  more  which  are 
styled  "  hislorical  prints."  In  this  list 
there  is  no  arrangement  whatever,  and 
only  in  four  or  Rve  cases  have  we  any  indi- 
cations of  curiosity  or  scarceness.  James's 
portraiture  was  engraved  more  than  once 
by  each  of  the  family  of  Pass,- Crispin, 
William,  and  Simon.  Their  works  are 
ocsltered  about  in  varioos  parts  of  Ihe  list 
in  ijneitian.  TheiiinfA  mentioned  ii  thus 
described — 

"Jacobvs,  ic.  ^t,  38,  1604.  CW». 
pin  van  dt  Pati  rj:e.  Cafoaiii,  Bm.  In  a 
tquare  /ramr,  lupporltd  by  a  lion  and 
grifon.  Tbe  Uller  hehjoged  lo  Queen 
Elizabeth's  arms,  and  was  placed  here  by 
mistake  i  /oar  Enj/IUA  verm." 

Tht/orlg-tkird  is  another  by  the 
artist,  and  evidently  of  kindred  deslg 

"  James  I.  ia  im  ora/.  iHppnrftit  ip 
lion  and  dragon ;  tii   Latin  bitm». 
Put;  seerce." 

Now,  these  were  probably  bo 


y 


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I-' 


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l^aif',^0  '    ••    ■#■•  *     «•'•;••••  ""■;'".■         -t";   ■".—    T      ~.*1i  r     "■■■- 

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TV. i^*^',"**    ▼'^    "tT        '. '...'^    *.".  ■      %*"i» 


f      ■     ,-"-••.-•        ■* 


'T 


V't    "    -   i.     -      .-".---"-/, 


\ 


'  M*     ". '     * ".  t     '.  "  <r  ..  :        ■  i*  :       ''    '    "    '    i'  *  ■■_•:.     "s  -    ■      •  J»     1 1  f  "  ■■    "   .   ■  -"«^  * »    '  »-"i  -  .• 

wvi! ;   V   P' - —■ '^.•. ^v  >■».    T".  :•  •■'•.■■.  ■.:' 

■  *  -  _ 

rv>  •        *'•'      ••'■*'     ■■■•»I       J----        f-T"*..-  ■![•"-"«-■-■:  --«"      ><i  1  •"-.        --      -— i"  — 

%u^    T    A-.    ••,«^    j'   :•-     "TV     •>.■:»:   i.    «-."■,-  :'-r:T."i  n'-  «:  \-^.     -z'   :.'    "  .*   ■**  -".-*■'■< 

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;*ir»  '..-.'•:.':'.  a*;.  '*..'..•  ;-.T^.',;  *  f*>."-"--  rf  rh ^   T:.:-7i--.     r-*"    »-  j".:*    ir?    --- 

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thoM-  ',f  J*f:rj'.»i  \i':r,Tr\  ^rr  :r  n  />•  ".r.*-^  "Klr.zf  ■ir'.t^"  •'  :  •  .z'F--'.-  ■'  T'   •--;-■■ 

irif/T*.';-.-    j;".!-    f:i-.v    '..W   "■'-    •-.-.-.:-;  B«f7.--'*..  ••----ri  A'-;  ■-.i  -■.  ".     -   r   ■* 

#*j/".*   t.'»   fif.'l   'I:i!»..ri'.'./   'f  -  r  \^i    ir.   i  'he  :'.*v:*i  ■?■■:?:  P'-" :?.     A*    ;.:   ?   !:  :« 

\t',*,*< 'J  ■...>.  r.i*-..".     I*    :•   0, •.•..-   •;.•*  a  ri.. ••;.:--■   -.    ■    K-;  :*  »ei!ei  w:-'i 

th»: 'T'l  |. .'.'.♦».   r.ow   •«  j-.^r***;  1   ^r  an  !...  ;.;*  c ;  .::-r;.    I:   t  II     .Jim  ^bore 

^t-rmA  ',1  *•/',  ],!:'•■  i"J  •■»7<i-.*\.',r.'j  :r.rc--  Ksm  ^.rr  r*-  ::.  ::    -  I  R. 
fenirijr ':f.»fi'i,  *-.','i!'!  I#-' *:'i*.<^r»rd  ••  ',r.^.  I  hi^?  -i^.i:;.. :  r   r:nit  "^  ev 

whi^ih  '»*iz!.'  ♦/»  v  tJ'-'.riV'l  fr-r    in  i?-  h"  *"  ***««.  whie^"  »• 

laiHirr  ari'l  Ifi'ii  io  i*^   l-'it'-r  ^'utr.     So,  if  f>>  fhedi 

|iHnt<  'in*  founfi  in  MT«r«l  condirioDs.  i^ 


3.] 


rreipandi 


bayi,  not  u  ■  c«iiqaerar,  bat  lu  >  (hm 
■Dd  ths  featnnt  bsve  a  dlgnilj  iind  ui 
BpiralioD  more  poeticDl  than  true. 
OKHUurei  11^  wide  by  9;  the  title  tt 
round  n  Mmicirculir  arcb  or  oichB  :  IacO' 


Muciiii.     The  figure  ia  hilf-lenglli.     Ue  Voium, <rholu ilwiorltnu 

Wfliri  ■  lUir,  nhiuh  isiaunrc  in  front,  the  Abi.  lolcr  v«Ib>  iwni^ii  ]U>  o 

badge  of  the  garter  pendant  from  n  ribbon,  •'""P'  ■'kiiiiHt  taurtjun. 

II  ricli  collar  uf  jen-elUijr,  ind  a  manlle  Bettreen  irblch  ii  added  " 

lined  with  for;  and  carries  a    sceplre  in  PaHvua  flgnrL  tcalp:  et  i 

his  right  hand.    At  one  tide  of  bin  bead  Whj  should  oot  Historical  Fortraitill 

is  an  orb  and  cross,  which  ii  aunounded  made  as  muchsnotyectofitadj asCotnl^L 

b;  ths  garter  with  ili   motto,  and  aor-  Thej  are  equally  interHling.                    Jl 


'1613.  Criip. 


mouuted  by  two  ptlm-braDches  within 


in.  &c. 


J.  G.  N. 


ScoTiBH  Familixs  IS  SwcMN— The  Mohkos,  H^^uiltons,  Ddholases,  Sllfl  ] 

CtAinS,     McDutTALLB,     AND     McpBRRSOHS.  —  COUNT     FeRSBM. DbaTK    OR  I 

CUAKJ.K9  XII.    Uis   Portrait.  —  Tub  Swkdisu   Painter  EuHENaTRAW^  | 
Dltkction  or  trh  Assassin  ANKARarBOBH. 
Mr.  Urban,— Voltaire,   In  hi*  "  His-      th«  king  at  Sweden,  i 
toirede  Charles  XII.''  describing  the  tri-     disooTerin^lhe  valuable  qualities, for nl 
umphant  remm  of  Peter  the  Great  to  his     soldiert  of  that  naliou  are  generally  ao* 
capital,  after  the  battle  of  Pultava,  suys,     knovled|ed  to   be  diitinguished    .    ■    . 
I    Pi|ier,   precnier      Colonel  Robert  Monro,  wbo  bad  the  hm* 
-...    _   ./    ...      our  of  sitting  to  the  unrivalled  author  of 
the  Wavrrley  Novell,  as  the  original  of  Cap- 
tain Dngald  Dalgetl;  of  Draiutbwacket,* 
and  whose  work  ia  one  of  the  m 


TAX 


.  Br,  pretnLe 
B  de  Suide,  le  ci-li^bVe  Marjcha 
Benschild,  le  comte  de  Lerenbaupt,  les 
g^n^raax  Slipenbalc,  Slackelburg,  Hamil- 
ton, tout  les  offldera  et  let  toldats,  qu'on 

diiperss  depuis  dam  la  grande  Knssie."  and  ratuable  commeataiica  npon  the  ci 
(b.  T.  p.  34T.)  The  name  of  Hamilton  paigns  of  Guataius  Adolphns,  has  given  ■ 
indicates  a  Scoliah  origin,  and  as  luch  is  list  of  no  lest  than  thirty  colondi,  liftf-two 
aceonnted  fbr  in  the  LUb  of  the  late  Sir  lieutepant-colDnels,  and  fourteen  majors, 
John  Sinclair.  When  be  vititcd  Sweden  employed  in  the  Sneditb  service  in  the 
in  170  6,  he  learned  that  "the  number  of  year  1632."  (Pp.  113,  ll-1.)t  In  Mr.  Hol- 
Swediih  noblemen,  detcended  from  Scot-     lings'  pages  occur  the  names  of  Sir  Alex- 


ish  BDcators,  is  estimated  at  above  fifty. 

They  are  chiefly  deacendsnts  of  Scotiah 

officer*,  who  aertedwitta  distinction  under 

the  great  Gnstavas  Adolphua  during  his 

Qennao   campaigna."    (VoL  i.  p.   139.) 

Mr.  Holling*,  in  his  ■' Life  of  GuiUtui," 

(1843,)  has  entered  mther  fully  into  the     beaidea  the   Marquis   of' Hamilton, 

inbject  of  Bntiih  oBicers  in  the  army  of     commanded  Ibe  English  auiiliary  force  in 

that  great  commander.      "Of  these  the     Silesis.     It  is  partieularlj  mentioned,  that 

majority  conaiited  of  natives  of  Scotland,      Gnstayus,  before  quilting  Augtbur^,  "per- 


afterwards  engaged  in 
the  civil  wars  at  home).  Sir  John  Hepburn, 
Sir  James  Romaay  "the  DUck,"  DonsM 
Msckay,  Lord  Reay,  Monro  of  Foulis, 
Colonda  ttuthvtn,  Seaton,  and  Homer, 
Sir  John  Hamilton,  Ddoglu,  and  Spenee, 


farmed  an  act  of  liberality,  by  conferring 
npon  General  Knthven,  the  governor  of 
Ulm,  (ha  lordship  of  Kirkberg,  at  a  re- 
ward for  his   long- continued  aerrieel." 

(P.  370.): 

The  second  volume  of  the  "Spottitwoode 


a,  finding  little  promise  of  employmen 
for  their  swords  at  home  .  .  .  bad  no 
other  reiource  to  obtain  a  livelihood,  than 
to  wander  abroad  to  seek  employment  in 
foreign  acrrice.  Many  yoluDicrra  of  this 
deacnptiun  roae  high  in  the  cstimatiou  of 

*  Mr.  Napier  calls  Sir  James  Tomer,  whose  Memoirs  were  jmblished  by  chi 
tyne  Club,  in  1(^20,  "the  prototype  of  Rit-master  Dugsld  Dilgetty."     Wbcu  Cha 
Scotiib  army  reached  Newcastle,  1640,  he  happened  "  to  be  retnrntng  from  merceaaf; 
tervice  abroad,  and  was  roving  about  in  search  of  a  new  commander."  (Lifo  of  M(~'' 
rose,  16-10,  p.  13M.) 

t  Monro  a  Expedition,  part  L     (There  were  two  generals  of  the  name  in  the  Aw<> 
tii>n  service,  nho  died  in  1801  and  IHIG,  after  having  aerved  with  distinction,    thiif 
wen  graodaons  of  Cbarlei  Monro,  an  adherent  of  James  11.  the  ion  of  Ulysses  Monro, 
-^ent  royalist.) 

'.  73  a  Scotch  colonel,  named  Moityn,  ia  nlao  mentioned.     It  may  be  added 
'  ■derick  Hamilton,  brother  to  the  Gist  Earl  of  AbEruom,  is  meutioiied  in 


I  the  I 


600 


Correipandenee  of  Sjjfhanus  Urban. 


[Dec. 


MkcrlUny"  (pablitthed  by  the  SpottU- 
woode  Society  in  1845)  contains  some 
documents  illastrati?e  of  this  sabjeet.  Ac 
p.  379  there  is  a  letter  from  John  Coke, 
esq.  (son  of  the  Lord  Chief  Justice,)  to  the 
Lords  of  the  Scotish  Privy  Council,  con- 
oerniog  the  raising  of  troops  to  serve 
luder  Count  Mansfeld  in  the  Palatinate,  by 
Sir  Donald  Macky  (afterwards  first  Liord 
Resy)  and  Sir  James  Lesley.  At  p.  383, 
there  is  a  "  List  of  Scottish  Officers  under 
OustaTus  Adolphns,  King  of  Sweden," 
taken  from  a  scarce  pamphlet,  entitled 
**  The  Scots  Nation  and  Union  Vindicated'' 
(London,  4to.  1714).  In  addition  to  the 
■ames  already  mentioned,  it  contains 
those  of  King,  Kerr,  Drummond,  Renton, 
Ibdcs,  Forbes,  Bouner,  Bnrdon,  Legg, 
a^t  Earl  of  Crawford,  Ogilvie,  Cockburn, 
Rutherford,  Stewart,  Cunninghame,Lums« 
dale.  Hay,  Bruce,  M'Dougall,  Mackenzie, 
More,  Philip,  Gordon,  Irwing,  Nairn, 
Gladstanes,  Burder,  Uendersone,  Findla- 
■one,  Lawsone,  Urquhart  of  Cromarty, 
IViylor,  Kinnindmond,  and  Gun.  There 
are  two  David  Sinclairs,  two  Johns,  and 
one  Francis  (brother  to  the  Earl  of  Caith- 
nesa).  Some  of  the  notices  are  briefly 
biographical,  but  they  seem  to  have  been 
originally  made  under  feelings  of  discon- 
tent towards  the  Swedish  service.  There 
is  also  at  p.  331  an  account  of  the  funeral 
of  Field-Marshal  Robert  Douglas  at  Stock- 
holm  in  June  1662,  dated  the  14th.  He 
was  son  of  Patrick  Douglas  of  Standing- 
Stainis  in  East  Lothian,  and  had  three 
brothers,  who  all  died  in  the  service  of 
Sweden.* 

We  learn,  however,  from  Mr.  Coxe, 
tiiat  the  Scotish  colonization  began  in  the 
preceding  reign.  "  Charles  IX.  when  duke 
of  Gotbhind,  having,  in  1604,  laid  the 
foundations  of  a  new  town  in  the  icland 
of  Hisingen,  at  no  great  distance  from 
Lodese,  oUled  it  Gotheburg,  in  honour  of 
his  duchy.  On  his  accession  to  the  throne, 
he  erectCKl  in  his  new  town  a  trading  com- 
pany; drew  thither  many  foreigneriT  par- 
ticularly the  Dutch  .  .  .  established  a 
corps  of  English  and  Scotch  troops,  under 
the  command  of  William  Stewart  .  .  . 
By  these  means  Gotheburg  soon  became  a 
flourishing  port,  and,  next  to  Stockholm, 
the  most  commercial  town  in  Sweden.'' 
(Travels,  iv.  2G8.) 


Gustavus,on  his  acce9sion  in  lol2,  sent 
Colonel  Munckhoven  to  enlist  men  in 
Scotland  and  the  Netherlands  for  the  war 
against  Denmark.  He  succeeded  in  raising 
S,300 ;  but,  on  his  return,  he  found  Elfs- 
borg,  and  the  whole  coast  from  Nyborg  to 
Calmar,  in  the  possession  of  the  Danes. 
He  was  tlius  obliged  to  land  at  Trondheimy 
and  force  his  way  with  "  a  corps  of  Scotish 
veterans'"  across  the  great  chain  of  the 
Norwegian  Alps  to  Jomtland,  and  thence 
to  Stockholm,  then  invested  by  the  Danish 
fleet,  and  which  his  arrival  helped  to  re- 
lieve. Another  body  of  900,  under  Colo- 
nel George  Sinclair,  was  less  fortunate, 
being  surprised  and  cut  off  in  the  narrow 
pass  of  Kringelen  by  the  peasantry  of 
Guldbrandsal,  who  were  concealed  amon^^ 
the  rocks.  '*  A  monument,  still  proudly 
shown  by  the  natives  to  all  travellers, 
marks  the  grave  of  *  Jorgen  Zinclar'  smd 
his  companions,  who  were  dashed  to  pieces 
like  earthen  pots.**  Von  Buch,  Travels, 
p.  88—20.  (Crichton*s  Scandinavia,  iL 
46,  47.) 

The  king,  Gustavus  III.,  said  to  Sir 
John  Sinclair,  "  I  have  a  great  regard  for 
Scotland ;  many  of  the  iirst  families  in  my 
kingdom  came  originally  from  your  conn- 
try.    Three  of  your  own  name  are  Barons 
of  Sweden.'*  (P.  138.)   One  of  that  name, 
Mijor  Sinclair,  is  mournfully  remembered 
in  history.    "  L^an  1728  on  vit  arriver  it 
Stockholm  un  ambassadeur  Turc,  qui  venoit 
pour  regler  le  payement  des  sommes  avan- 
c^es  a  Charles  XII.  durant  son  s^jour  en 
Turquie.    On  le  combla  d*honncurs,  et  on 
le  renvoya  fort  satisfait.     La  liquidation 
et  le  remboursement  de  ces  dettes  donna 
lieu  h  une  liaison  particuli^re  entre  les 
deux  cours  .  .  .   Les  obligations  de  son 
roi  furcnt  remises  en  original,  an  Major 
Su^dois,  Baron  de  Sinclair,  pour  les  re> 
porter  a  Stockholm.      II  avoit  ddjk  fait 
plusieurs  voyages  h  Constantinople,  depuis 
deux  ans.     Les  n^gociations  de  Sudde  en 
cette  cour  etoient  suspectes.     Un  officier, 
Silesien  de  naissance,  mais  au  service  de 
la  Russie,  se  mit  aux  trousses  du  Major, 
et  Tassassina  au  mois  de  Juin,  1739,  dans 
un  bois  en  Silesie.     Les   papiers  furent 
enlevds;   les  assassins  furent  desavou^. 
Les  cours  de  Vienne  et  de  Petersbourg 
n*oubIierent  rien  pour  se  justifier  d'nn 
pareil  crime ;  mais  la  Suede,  qui  feignit  de 


Archdall*s  Irish  Peerage  as  having  **  signalised  himself  under  the  banner  of  Gustavus 
Adolphns  King  of  Sweden.^*  He  gave  the  name  of  Gustavus  to  his  third  son,  who  was 
created  Baron  Hamilton  of  Stackallan  in  1715,  and  Viscount  Boyoe  in  1717  ;  and  the 
name  has  been  since  kept  up  in  that  family.  William,  second  son  of  the  second  Earl, 
was  killed  in  the  wars  of  Germany,  when  colonel  of  a  regiment. 

*  The  editor  adds,  that  a  great  number  of  persons  of  Scotish  lineage  are  to  be  found 
in  Poland,  and  among  the  names  of  the  nobility  occur  those  of  Johnston,  Lindsay, 
Gordon,  and  Middleton,  descended  from  officers  in  the  Russian  armies  of  the  seven- 
teenth century.    (P.  330.) 

t 


1S53.] 


Correipnnilenee  of  Si/li 
Hi  qii'elli 


s  Urban. 


tM  d'Upuil,  D^  'a.  Slockholm  ttn  17.1 
lit  lei  cimpignes  d'Am^nqne,*  Tint  Emnl 
en  France,  s'j  trouTsit  lora  dei  pcemie 

noble  dd-vouemeut  k  In  famille  rajolc. 
p£rit  it  Stockbolm  en  IBID,  lictime  d'ai 
^meute  popaUire."    The  sudden  death  of   J 
the  Prinoe  of  Augoalenberg,  heir  U 
cronn  of  Swedi-n.  in  1810,  wa>  Ibe  caniB    1 
□r  thii  cstutraphc    "  The  populace,  who 
hsd  been  too  much  accustomad  to  conapif  J 
raciea,  BUipected  poiwin;  and  amoog  UM  1 
indiTiduals  singled  out  as  the  aulhoraof  I 
this  alleged  crime  vu  Count  A>c1  Feraeo^ .■ 
high  marshal  of  the  realm.  .  .  .  Nolbiil|  1 
could  Rlliy  the  suspicions  of  the  peoplo}  1 
theireitremefnrr,  that  nhefl  J 
ocBsaion.heftdEd  bjthecc     ' 
irith  ail  hones,  entered  tba  ] 
20},  the;  aaaailed  him 

iiiiisileiiandBUorflf  aflecu  I 


BB  contenter  alora  its  Aic\i 
lirent,  n'cn  garda  niolns  ui 
liment,  et  ce  meartre  fut  comjit*  entre  les 
mMifh  dc  la  guerre  que  la  Saiie  declara 
i  U  Ro»ie  an  moit  de  Juillet,  1T4I." 
(Ia  MarCiniire,    CDntiaaation  of  Pufen- 
dorlTa  Unir.  HiiL  iv.  49B-43Z.}    The 
mnrder  took  place  near  Nanmburg.    The 
lliog.    Unir.   Clauiqne   cautioualjr   adds, 
"  Ce  crifoe  parut  avoir  Hi  I'cmiTre  dc  la 
cour  de  Raiiie.  qui  atait  intfr£t  k  enlever 
let  d^ohes  dont  Sinclair  etait  chargj." 
And  farther,  "lihTtlalim  de  cet  assu- 
sinat  a  M  public  par  no  Franfaii  namm^ 
Couturier  qui  accompagaail  le  major,  et 
n'l^happa  qu'avec  peine  an*  menrtriers. 
Elle  ae  trouTe  i^galement  dnni  I'Histoire     and  such 
de  1*  Guerre  entre  la  Rasale  etUTnrqoie,     thernnen 
par  Keralin."  in  a  chai 

ADOtberof  tbenamewasChirlea-Gldeoa     capital  (J 

last  anihoritj,  "  lenit  dans  m  jeuneaac  eo  wards  he  was  murdered  oi 

France,  en  Priisee,  et  en  Saie,  fit  preiqna  withstanding    the   assurance    of    Ge 

tontea  les  guerres  du  IS'  sivcle,  et  inourut  Adleiparre  that  be  should  he  srreBtei 

te  premier  Septembre,  1803,  ^  I'Age  de  13  brought  to  trial."  (C  rich  ton's  Scandin 

ans."     It  should  be  added  that  his  death  vol.  li.  p.  265.) 
look  place  near  Weateros.    "  On  a  de  lui         8.  Haring  quoted  Ibe  Life  of  Sir  , 

plasleurs  ^rits  citimM  sur  I'art  militaire;  Sinclair  on  the  foregoitig  subject,  [ 

noui  citerons,  enire  autres,  les  luiTaata  :  now  to  produce  hli  testimoaj  on  anot 

un  R^lemeut  pour  I'lnfanterie,  que  est  point  of  Swedish  hiatory  which  belongi.  ._ 

an  figeuT  en  Su^de  ;    lastitutions  Mill-  the  class  of  historical  diOicullie*,  Ibe  dealtk' 

tiifM,  ouTraite  elementaire  de  Tictiqne,  of  Charles  XII.    ■'  At  the  uew  arsenal  SW 

Deux-Ponts,  1773.  3  toIs.  in-8."  John  saw  the  bloody  garment!  of  GuBt»< 

"  Hii  M*jest;  afterwards  obaemd  (con-  tus  Adolphus  and  Charles  XII.,  and  coar 

tinaes  the  biograpber  of  Sir  John)  that  Tinced  himself,  after  much  inquiry,  that 

Duuall  (or  McDowall),  whom  at  the  last  the  latter  waa  not  killed  bj^  a  pistol-shot 

diet  he  had  appointed  Landt  Marcchal,  from  one  of  his  own  soldiers,  but  by  a 

wasofScotcbeilraction.    TbeKingmtgbt  cannon   ball  of  tlie  enemy.    The   maik 

have  mentioned  that  Baron  Fersen  (pro-  taken  from  (he  face  after  death  shown  that 

parly  McI^rsoD)  held  the  same  office  at  all  the  iMines  in  front  of  the  head  wars 

the  two  preceding  diets."  (p.  I3B.)     Of  ahattered;  and  in  a  golden  box  at  the  trea- 

tliia  family  the  French  Biocraphy  says :  inry   the   fatal   ball  was   Btlll   prescrvedi 

"  FcmaaK  (Axkl  Comle  de),  feld-marf-  which  produced  so  great  a  chaDi^  in  tin 

chalet  ■enatenrSuMois.moarul  vers  la  fin  politica  of  Europe."  (Vol.  i.  p.  148.)  The 


diatioi 

ses  tatens  mililaires  en  Pom^ranie,  et  par 
ses  taleos  poliliqnea  fax  ^tata  de  IT5b  et 
de  1773,  am  diites  de  1778,  de  1T86,  et 
de  nB9.  Sou  Eloquence,  aoo  di-iintJresse- 
ment,  et  son  d^vouement  \  sa  patrie  lui 
doDnirent  une  graode  ioSueoce  dans  toules 
eea  aiMmblfes;  mais  sea  efforts  oe  purent 
emptehtr  la  r6(olnUoa  operte  dans  le  gou- 
vemement  par  Guita«e  III." 

Tba  next  aliide  relates  to  bis  more  eele- 
hralod  but  nnfortunate  son,  whose  share 
in  the  flight  of  Louis  XVI.  from  Paris  is 
well  described  in  the  Hiilory  of  the  Gi- 
rondists byLamartine.  "PERBaN(AlEL), 
Uli'dn  prvci^dent,  grand  maltre  de  li  maiion 
du  Roi  do  Suede,  chancelier  de  I'uuiver- 


:  historian  of  Sweden,  M,  Beaumont- 
Vaaay,  author  of  "  Les  Snidoia  depuii 
Charles  XII."  (ed.  Bmiellei,  1842),  hai 
included  the  closing  scene  of  the  bero*a 
life,  but  without  adding  anything  to  the 
common  materials.  In  bis  argument  he 
reverses  that  of  Voltaire,  by  quoting  th« 
frunlic  exclamationi  of  Siquier  as  proofa 
of  his  being  the  assassin.  I'  ~ 
chapeau  de  Charles  Xlt.  r 
conierri  \  Stockholm,  est  peroi^d'ui 
de  pittolet."  (c.  i.  p.  15.) 

Mr.  Coxe,  *bo  bai  devoted  a 
Ifl  the  iovostigatioo  of  this 
subject  (b.  vii.c.  3.j,aayi,  "Thehatbi 
the  appearance  of  hating  been  alightlyl 
grazed  by  the  ball  in  that  part  which  xmrM 
mediately  coiers  the  temple.  I  waa  in-  j 
formed  by  a  person  who  hod  frequent  o)>- 


o  as  a  volunteer  in  the  American  v 


602 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban, 


[Dec. 


pOrtnnities  of  obsemng  it,  that  the  original 
mark  was  at  first  very  indistinct,  but  from 
being  handled  and  rent  by  those  who  hare 
contlnnally  examined  it,  has  been  conti- 
nually enlarged.  As  the  shot  therefore 
did  not  pierce  through,  but  only  grazed 
the  hat,  the  size  of  the  ball  cannot  be  as- 
oertained  from  this  circumstance/'  (iT.  73.) 
Mr.  Coxe  also  learned,  that  not  only 
Slouier,  but  two  other  persons,  Cronstadt 
Ana  Fabricios,  were  said  to  have  accused 
themselTes,  in  a  state  of  delirium,  of 
lut?ing  assasinated  the  king.  Such  stories 
therefore  serve  chiefly  to  refute  each  other. 
A  love  of  the  obscure  and  the  marvellous, 
which  influences  both  writers  and  readers, 
has  doubtless  inclined  many  to  believe 
that  he  was  assassinated.  Mr.  Coxe  was 
10  fortunate  as  to  meet  with  a  Norwegian 
gunner  who  had  served  in  the  Danish 
garrison  during  the  siege  of  Frederic- 
•tein.  His  opinion  was  that  Charles  was 
•hot  from  the  ramparts  ;  that  all  sorts  of 
shot  were  fired  that  night,  particularly 
•mall  shot  in  cartouches  from  cannon  ; 
that  he  might  easily  have  been  reached  by 
It,  even  at  twice  the  distance ;  and  that 
several  soldiers  were  killed  near  him. 
He  also  stated  that  not  a  shot  was  fired 
from  Overburg  that  night ;  whence  La 
Mottraye  says  the  king  was  struck. 
8o  many  questions  however  have  been 
raised,  and  rome  of  them  are  so  hard  to 
•olve,  that  the  desponding  language  of 
ftcbubart,  a  patient  explorer  of  ancient 
history,  may  dc  applied  :  **  Harnm  rcrum 
itudiosi  experientia  cdocti  sciunt,  quam 
flit  difficile,  ne  dicam  quidem  quam  sit 
deflperatum,  has  questioucs  ad  probabili- 
tatem  quandam  perdncere."  (Queestioncs 
Genealogicoe  Histories,  Marburgi.  8vo. 
183S,  p.  79.)  How  truly  has  Johnson 
•aid  that  the  fall  of  Charles  **  was  des- 
tined ...  to  a  dubious  hand."     (For  tlic 

Thk  Shops  in  W 

Mr.  Urban,— The  title  of  the  Warden 
of  the  Fleet  to  the  rents  and  profits  of 
these  temporarv  erections  (mentioned  in 
your  last  Number,  p.  480)  was  doubtless 
owing  to  the  same  person  being  also 
Warden  of  the  Palace  of  Westminster. 
Why  the  two  offices  went  together,  was, 


arguments  in  favour  of  his  having  been 
assassinated,  see  Dr.  E.  D.  Clarke's  Tra- 
vels, vol.  vi.  c.  7,  p.  276.) 

Those  who  are  familiar  with  the  por- 
traits of  Charles  XII.  will  be  surprised  at 
Mr.  Coxe* 8  account  of  his  youthfol  one  in 
the  palace  of  Stroemsholm.  It  is  a  whole- 
length,  painted  in  the  ninth  year  of  his 
age,  leaning  on  a  lion's  head ;  the  painter 
is  the  Swedish  Ehrensahl.*  **  Charles  is 
here  represented  as  a  most  beautiful  boy  : 
both  his  physiognomy  and  appearance  are 
soft  and  efleminate,  and,  except  in  the 
lustre  of  his  eye,  by  no  means  indicative 
of  his  subsequent  character."  (v.  58.) 

3.  In  your  Magazine  for  December, 
1839,  p.  576,  is  an  account  of  the  detec- 
tion of  the  assassin  of  Don  Bernardo 
Monteagudo,  at  Lima  in  1824,  by  the 
active  police  of  that  city.  I  now  refer  to 
it  for  its  curious  coincidence  in  circum- 
stances with  the  detection  of  Ankarstroem, 
the  murderer  of  Gustnvus  III.  of  Sweden. 
'*  Son  assassin  avoit  eu  la  precaution  de 
laisser  tomber  dans  la  foule  un  second 
pistolet  et  un  couteau  dont  il  ^toit  arm^. 
On  ramassa  ces  armes :  le  coutcau  avoit 
une  pointe  recourbee ;  il  fut  reconnu  par 
un  coutelier  qui  d^clara  I'avoir  vendu  an  ca- 
pitaine  Ankartfroom.**  (Chaudon,  Diet. 
Hist.  AnL  Ankarstroom.)  Monteagudo, 
who  had  been  employed  as  Commissioner 
in  a  treaty  with  Colombia,  was  stabbed, 
and  from  the  nature  of  the  wound  it  must 
have  been  inflicted  by  a  very  sharp  po- 
niard. This  caused  an  examination  of  all 
the  cutlers  in  Lima,  through  which  the 
weapon  was  traced  to  a  black,  who  con- 
fessed himself  an  agent  of  the  Spanish  in- 
terest. Such  is  a  summary  of  the  inci- 
dent, tthich  your  readers  will  find  more 
fully  related  as  above. 

Yours,  S<r.  J.  T.  M. 


KSTlflNSTBR  HaLL. 

perhaps,  owing  more  to  the  good  fortune 
of  the  original  grantee  than  to  any  other 
reason.  That  it  was  the  case  as  early  as 
the  reign  of  Richard  I.  is  recorded  by 
Stowe  ;  Strype  says  it  was  "  customarily  " 
so,t  and  it  may  be  inferred  from  a  pay- 
ment among  the  Issues  of  the  Exchequer 


•  The  following  notice  of  Ehrensabl,  or  Ehrenstral,  is  given  from  the  B.  U.  C. 
as  he  is  omitted  by  Pilkington : — "  Ehrenstral  (David  Clockrr  d'),  peintre 
de  Charles  XII.  Roi  de  Sudde,  n6  a  llambourg  en  lG2f),  mort  en  1698,  fut  envoyd  en 
Italic  par  la  rcinc  Marie-El(^nore,  veuve  de  Gustave-Adolphe.  Independammcnt  d'un 
grand  nombre  de  uortraits,  dessins,  figures  d'animaux,  cet  artiste  a  public,  en  Suedois, 
une  Description  de  scs  tableaux.  Les  prindpaux  sont :  le  Couronnement  de  Chariee 
XI.  et  un  Jugement  dernier t  qui  d^core  P^glise  de  St.  Nicolas  ik  Stockholm." 

t  The  first  holder  of  the  two  offices  was  Osbert,  brother  of  William  Longchamp  the 
Chancellor  in  1  Rich.  I.  (Stow's  Survay,  ed.  Thoms,  p.  146.)  Their  possession  tnaj 
be  traced  at  intervals  in  the  Inquisitions  post  mortem,  &c.  (see  Nicholses  **  To- 
pographer and  Genealogist/'  vol.  i.  pp.  310,  5?0,  523)  to  the  24th  year  of  Edw.  HI. 


Correspondtmce  o/Syhanun  Urhan. 


at  ■  inucli   luUr    p^iioil   (Mr.   Osiop'a 
Eitracta,  Jsmn  I.  p,  14G)  thiltlic  Warder 


SOi.  1 7i.  were  r 

ciq.  WnrdcD  of  u  . 

of  fcpatring  Ihe  gUua  ttindoiTi  in  Weit- 
minster  Hall,  Tor  gravelliDg  (about)  tbe 
PatsCD,  mid  flooring  the  Mall.'' 

Mnch  rrfijQcnted  ■■  the  Hall  and  Kojal 
Palacv  viiut  bBTE  ^ieea  bj  aoitors  and  tiacir 
friends  in  earlj  times,  we  can  esiiljr 
imagine  that  tlie  concourse  orpersons  was 
taken  ulfantage  of  by  fugitiic  tradcra  of 
all  kinda  for  tlic  ditpoasl  of  their  wares. 
When  this  drcnmslancr  amounted  to  po- 
sitive ioconvenience,  some  furcible  attempts 
voulil  be  probablf  made  to  remoTc  the 
obitniFlion,  hut  wc  maj  ooDJnetare  that  it 
WIS  aoon  found  mote  proti  table  anilequallj 
con* enieiit  to  effect  tut  object  to  a  certain 
Mteni  \if  the  meuis  of  a  tax  in  the  iba|« 
of  a  r«nt  or  toll.  That  this  mat  the 
early  original  of  the  ahopsiii  Wcilmioster 
Hall  appears  to  be  shown  by  paasojeii  in 
the  Inqnisitiona  nnnn  Edmund  Cheyno  in 
13  EJw.  III.  nni  John  Shpnche  in  '2* 
Edw.  III.*  where  those  persons  who  hold 
the  two  office!  of  Wacdeai  of  the  fleet  and 
Palace,  arc  nld  to  have  been  in  possession 
of  certain  prolita,  "percipicndo  de  quo- 
libet  mercatoiE  hnbente  slallum  sive  »ta- 
belllmi  infra  aulam  predict!  pnladi  riij' 

Cr  annum,  et  de  quolibet  mercslore  nan 
benle  itabellnm  scd  portante  mercan- 
dUam  liij''  per  annum/'  To  asnit  in 
cODlinoIng  the  biilory  of  Ihia  cnatom  over 
the  Tery  long  interval  between  the  date  o( 
the  Uat-mentioned  Inquisition  and  tbe 
period  referred  to  la  the  "  Handbook,"  1 
lend  fon  n  transcript  of  an  account  of  the 
■urns  paid  for  the  liberty  of  kecfdng  itaUs 
and  Dther"ife  vending  articles  in  the  Hall 
and  its  neighbourhood  for  Hilary  Term 
M  Henry  VI.  (a.  d.  1160,)  There  is 
nothing  to  ihew  to  whom  those  profits 
then  belonged  ;  and  by  the  tangnsge  used 
by  Sirvpe  (the  reference  should  be  B.  iir. 
p.  753),  "And  at  afiirlhtr  errquinli  to 
the  Warden,  besides  his  feci  mim  the  pri- 
tonera,  Stc.  he  hath  the  rents  and  pniflts 
of  tbe  shojM  in  Weatminster  Hall,"  some 
re-grant  of  tboae  proflta  would  seem  to  be 
refcrred  to ;  unlets  indeed  it  eipreaacs  the 
Mtent  of  Strjpe's  information  npon  the 
aubiecL  The  rale  of  chaise  will  be  aeen 
to  be  Terr  much  higher  than  that  men- 
tioned in  the  Inquisitions,  ihowioi;,  aa  it 
aeciua  to  me.  that  they  were  not  tiied  ori- 
ginally, but  rcgalatrd  by  ilemand  or  other 
drcunittances.  They  had  Inersaaed  con- 
alderably  In  ••'•~- 
value,  two  < 


term  only  in  UiiO,  niieie  eight  peace  wia 
charged  for  a  year's  rent  in  ISM) ;  an  ad* 
faoica  of  twelve  times  in  IlOvears,  wbereaa 
that  proportion  is  coniidered  to  have  bem 
.ibont  the  rate  of  increase  for  500  yean. 

Tlio  localities  named  in  tbe  roll  will  be 
identified  witbont  any  difficulty.     The  va- 
riationa  in  iha  charges  may  he  owing  to 
the  eitcnt  of  space  occnpied  by  tba  per- 
sons named  as  paying,  in  Bomcoasel,  double 
what  was  usual.   But  this  will  not  account 
for  all  tbe  variations,  aa  among  the  "Goera 
in  tlie  Halle  "   it  will  be  noticed   ihaf  .i 
"  Robynet  IfreDahwoman  "   paid  SO  p«  1 
cent,  more  than  the  other  adiJts.     It  doM   J 
not  seem  ijuite  clear  what  the  sum  againat  J 
Folton'n  name  means ;  tbe  total  given  It'] 
correct  without  reference  to   that    Tta'a 
Docupation*  of  the  atall-keepers  are  mta 
meulionrd.  though  some  may  be  inferra4  J 
froDi  the   nones.     The  hawkeia  in  " 
Hall  were  perhaps  entirely  vendon  of  sn 
artidea  at  dress  or  ornament  u  in  latwl 


Weitm' 
lUutal'  termino  Uillaril  unno  rcgni  EUd| 

XXITiij". 

WolaltpUgali. 

Walt'ui  Shelton 

bH 

Banh'us  P(th,>m 

n* 

la  tfalergale. 

Joh'cs  lUndollT 

»« 

a* 

Heoric'  Otwere 

11' 

Jo'es  Harryes    .        .        . 

Xi* 

Joh-Balle          .        .        . 

a.* 

Hear'  Penbargar         .        . 

.  iij'  Bi* 

Joh-Hedya         ,        .        . 

u' 

■   ij- 

Walt'na  Hardeman     . 

.   ij' 

•   ij- 

Ify  lite  Hallt  don 

Juh'  Moklowe    . 

.  iij'iiii* 

Rog'ni  W<:itoa  . 

.      5* 

Tbom'  Di'lylB     . 

Porter  Juell        . 

JojaeJuler 

Job-Atwell        .        .        . 

;l, 

John  Hayward   .        .        . 
Pctrui  Hnchyn 

/a  Ihe  Hallf. 

Johan  Shepater 

■ '}' 

Job- Toby 

Walterua  Lucy   . 

■  I 

Thorn'  Uuk        .        .        . 

Alice  Gale 
Joh'  Garrett 

■  E 

in:!! 

'"■rjng 

604 


NoU9  of  the  Month. 


[Dec. 


Will'  Warbrace 

•  •  •  _ 

.  iij' 

•  •  •  •  J 

A  chyld  w*  pojntes 

Thorn'  Clyff 

•  •  •_ 

•  "J" 

•  •  •  s^ 

A  ahepster  is  mayde    . 

Rich'rt  Banke    . 

.   ij" 

A  man  w*  poyntes 

Anna  Paner 

.   ij* 

A  mayde  w*  strioges   . 

III]* 

Herr*  Somer 

A  cbylde  w*  poyntes   . 

iiij* 

A  Doebewoman 

*  *a 

A  ahepster  is  mayde   . 
A  ffrensh  woman 

By  Mf  CkeptU  dort. 

Robynet  ffrenshwoman 

xij* 

niom'  Sawaer    . 

• 

XX* 

A  woman  w*  gloTes 

▼ig* 

Tbom*  Fauket    . 

• 

XX* 

A  man  w*  poyntes 

Sam 
Item  Jonett  Folton     . 

▼UJ* 

Goers  in  the  Halle. 

xxxi^  wp 

Johanna  Glover 

• 

Ulj" 

Sam    .    iiij"uj« 

lUJ* 

A  ahepster  ia  mayde    . 

• 

IIIJ* 

Yours,  &C. 

J. 

B. 

NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 

Meeting  of  the  Society  of  Arts— Royal  Instltnte  of  Britiih  Architects— Reopening  of  National  Gallery— 
UTerpool  Free  Library— Institute  of  France— New  Plnakotbek  at  Munich— Site  of  sndent  Vernlam 
—Church  of  St.  HiUuy,  Cornwall— Honoment  to  Titian  at  Venice— Singular  recorery  of  natkmal 
documents  in  France. 


On  Wednesday,  Nov.  1 6,  the  one-hun- 
dredth session  of  the  Soeietp  qf  Art*  was 
opened,  when  Mr.  H.  Chester  gave  a 
review  of  the  history  of  the  Society  and  its 
principal  objects.  He  stated  that  the 
public  spirit  of  William  Shipley,  a  drawing 
master,  and  brother  to  the  Bishop  of  St. 
Asaph,  gave  rise  to  the  Society,  in  1753. 
Mr.  Shipley  obtained  the  approval  and 
concurrence  of  Jacob  Viacount  Folkstone, 
of  Robert  Lord  Romney,  and  of  Dr.  Isaac 
Maddox,  Lord  Bishop  of  Worcester.  The 
first  meeting  was  held  on  the  29th  March, 
1754,  at  Rawthmeirs  Coffee-house,  but 
it  was  not  until  1B47  that  it  was  incorpo- 
rated by  royal  charter.  He  also  noticed 
that  the  Royal  Academy  had  sprung  from 
this  Society.  Of  late  years  they  ha^  been 
enabled  to  take  the  lead  in  several  ques- 
tions of  national  interest  and  importance. 
The  successful  project  of  the  Great  Exhi- 
bition was  only  a  development  of  the 
arrangements  already  commenced  on  a 
smaller  scale  by  the  Society,  the  office- 
bearers of  which,  including  their  distin- 
guished President,  H.R.H.  Prince  Albert, 
assumed  naturally  the  direction  of  the 
more  extended  national  uudertaking  in 
1851.  The  Society  has  recently  devoted 
its  attention  to  the  subject  of  international 
postage,  and  also  to  the  relations  of  capital 
and  labour,  with  a  view  to  terminate,  if 
possible,  the  disastrous  system  of  strikes. 
The  educational  exertions  of  the  Society 
are  also  active  and  successful.  These 
great  projects  have  not  interfered  with  the 
ordinary  objects  and  business  of  the  So- 
ciety. A  li«t  of  subjects  for  premiums 
is  just  issued,  to  the  number  of  no  less 
than  a  hundred  and  thirty-five  objects,  in 
raw  products,   machinery,  manufnctorcs, 


and  fine  arts.  The  mere  perusal  of  this 
lift  attests  the  importance  and  variety  of 
topics  to  which  the  attention  of  the  So* 
dety  is  directed. 

The  Royal  InttUute  qfBHtUh  Arcki^ 
teet*  held  their  opening  meeting  for  the 
session  on  Monday,  Nov.  14.  Earl  de 
Grey,  the  Preaident,  took  the  chair,  and 
A  large  number  of  members  and  viaiton 
were  present.  Mr.  Donaldson  read  aa 
•oeount  of  a  collection  of  original  draw- 
ings in  the  Museum  of  the  Hotel  de  Ville, 
at  Lille,  in  France,  preaented  to  that  esta- 
blishment by  the  Chevalier  Wicar,  director 
of  the  Academy  at  Naples.  They  are  about 
1,200  in  number,  and  include  specimens 
by  Rafaelle,  Leonardo  da  Vinci,  Annibal 
Caracci,  Carlo  Dolci,  Francia,  llntoretto, 
Giulio  Romano,  and  many  other  of  the  g;reat 
masters  ;  and  more  especially  a  series  of 
about  190  plans,  elevations,  sections,  &c.  of 
ancient  and  modern  buildings,  ascribed  to 
Michelangelo.  To  this  latter  series  Mr. 
Donaldson  chiefly  confined  his  attention, 
giving  an  interesting  description  of  them, 
illustrated  by  copies  of  the  principal  draw- 
ings. After  careful  consideration,  be  had 
arrived  at  the  conclusion  that  these  draw- 
ings were  the  work  of  Vasari,  and  not,  as 
alleged,  of  Michelangelo.  Mr.  Donald- 
son also  stated,  in  reply  to  an  obseriatloo 
of  Mr.  Tite,  that  M.  Benvignat,  the  keeper 
of  the  Museum  at  Lille,  had  informed 
him  that  the  publication  of  the  drawings 
was  contemplated.  Some  large  specimens 
of  serpentine  from  the  Lizard,  ComwaQ, 
of  superior  quality  to  that  heretofore 
ployed,  were  exhibited ;  and  varimi* 
nions  were  expressed  as  to  its  apol' 
to  interior  architectural  decorsn 

The  NatUmml  OmlUrp 


r 


1853.] 


jVo/™  o/lht  Month. 


the  public  on  Not.  1,  after  a  longer  ri 
than  unul.  A  praiicwortli;  attempt 
been  made  to  atranga  the  picture 
Schools  IB  far  aa  pouible,  Tbb,  how. 
ixrer,  his  not  been  obtained  nitbout  somi 
Mcrifice  in  the  lesi  adiantagcont  poiitior 
of  loiDe  of  the  best  picCnrea.  The  wallj 
hive  alio  been  hung  nilh  a  paperc'     *  ' 


coDbiins  foQr  large  vases,  I 
phyry  und  ouo  of  malachite,  and  hal  one 
[licture,  the  life -siie  purtrutof  King  Lud- 
ie,  paioted  bj  Kiulbach.  Theiucceediog 
lonr  iaioani  are  remiirkablefor  some  great 
pLctur«  ;  the  first,  Tlie  Flood,  bj  Pro- 
fessor Schomdeft  incomplete  at  hisdeath)-, 
_  _  theiecond,Tlie  Destmctionof  Jentealen, 
inlj  forms  a  better  by  Kaulbseh  ;  the  third,  The  Entrance  of 
back-ground  than  tlie  former  (lale  slate.  King  Otbo  into  Ncmplin,  by  Peter  He»  ; 
Mr.  Brown,  a  mercliant  of  Liverpool,  the  firartb,  an  AU8r-pitce,by  Henry  Hess, 
has  given  G,(IOOI.  to  the  Fite  Library  in  Besides  these,  each  hall  contains  a  variety 
that  toivn,  and  the  corpoiatiDn  has  roted  of  other  pictures,  amongst  which  we  ape- 
Ibe  addition  of  10,ODO(,  to  ^le  snme  fond,  cify  the  targe  architecture  pieces  of  Ain- 
A  Free  Library  has  also  been  founded  at  mililer,  Bayes,  and  others.  Many  of  them 
"  ''         '         '■  '        snro  of  3,1851.  baa      are  pictures  of  great  aiie       


been  raited  by  tolnntary  iufatcripl 

Tlicfire  Academies  composing  the  Itutl- 
lule  ^f  Franct  held  their  annual  public 
mcetiogon  Oct.  S5  in  Paris.  M.Jomard 
presided,  and  each  academy  wss  repre- 
sented by  special  delegstes,  as  well  a>  by  Augi 
several  of  its  members.  M.  Jomnrd  deli-  G,300(.  It 
vered  a  spcocb,  in  which  he  briefly  traced      purchasers 

the  hiitorj  of  the  Institute,  and  dwelt  on     

the  success  with  which  it  hss  braved  tbe 
political  atornu  that,  nilbin  the  Inst  fifty 
yean,  hate  swept  over  France.  He  also 
paased  ■  warm  eulogium  on  the  lata  M, 
Arago,  Some  priaea  were  then  distributed. 
Papers  were  afterwards  read  by  M.  Ros- 


the  quiet 
contemplation. — Builder. 

The  site  of  Ancient  VtrvXam.  which  was 
bought  snme  monllis  ago  by  the  National 
Freehold   Land  Society,   waa   re-«old  in 

' the   Auction   Mart,  for 

id  Ihit  the  intention  of  the 
build  upon  the  ground,  so 
lUBi  II  la  possible  that  a  now  town  may  arias 
on  the  fonndationB  of  the  Roman  city. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  that  cure  will  be  taken  to 
preserve   the  Interesting  remains  of  tbe 

penac,  tlieie  roins,  which  are  now  in  many 
places  covered  with  earth,  might  be  r 


which  ascribes  to   Demaratai,   father  of     cality.    The  gronnit 
Tarquinius   Priscni,   king. of  Rome,  the     Verolam  otfen  tempting  oppoi 
hoDour  of  having  civilised  Etmria;  M. 
Pranck,  of  the  Academy  of  Moral  and  Poli- 
tical Sciences,  on  Paracelsus  and  Alchemy; 

M.  Bsbinet,  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences,      search  prneecutad  wi 
n  Cometa;  M.  Halley,  of  the  Academy      would  be  amply  repsid. 


stood 


filled  n 


Not  many  yean  since  tho 

litcoveredi  but  is  now 

id  there  is  no  doubt  that  a 

id  diligence 

_..._.    ._ _, ,     .,  -ey  states  of 

if  the  Fine  Arts,  B  biographical  and  critical      Lord  Bacon,   "  Thia  magnanimons  Lord 
lOtice  of  Ibe  German  organist  Frohberger;      Chancellor  had  a  gieat  mind  to  liavemsde 
by  M.  Briitanlt,  entitled     it  (Verulam)  a  city  again,  and  I 


' '  Le  mondc  \  refaire. 

The  opening  of  the  new  Pinak^thti  at  Wc 
Munich  took  place  on  the  ^6th  October,  pm 
by  King  Ludnig.  This  new  building  is  but 
destined,  like  tbe  Vernon  Gallery  in  Lon-  any 
don,  and  the  Luiembuurg  at  Paris,  for  the 
the  cibibilion  of  the  worka  of  painters  of 
tlie   present   centary.     But,   while    tbeae 

estsbllghments  are  only  devoted  to  national     nine  we  gave  an  scconn 
arliats,  the  Munich  Pinakothek  is  open  to      which  had  befallen  the 
the  artists  of  the  whole  world.     The  fol-      St.  Hilary  Caniioall.  wt 
lowing  is  a  brief  description  of  the  build- 
ing, wboae  arch  iti   -  ■    "■      "       

The  upper  story 

which  occupy  tbe  middle  of  the  building. 


id  de- 
built  witb  great  uniformity." 
look  for  the  prosecution  at  tbe 
'eseni  iimeof  any  so  ambitious  a  scheme, 
It  we  trust  the  new  possesaors  will  in 
ly  rase  consider  it  their  duty  to  protect 
e  relies  of  the  ancient  city  from  injury. 
Our  readers  will  remember  that  in  a 
cent  number  of  the  Gentleman's  Maga- 
'   '     calamity 


church  of 

I  dpatmyed 

by  fire  on  the  night  of  Good  Fridsy  last. 

it  bber-Bauratb  Voit.      Wc  have  now  the  pleasure  to  state  that, 

large  balls,     although  the  full  amount  necessary  to  re- 

build  the  church  is  not  yet  suhaoribed,  to 

large  a  sum  has  been  raised  as  to  make  itt 

commencement  a  dnty  not    to    be  ques^ 

tioned  j    and  on  Wedaeiday.  Nov.  2»rd, 

Me  on  the     the  first  stone  was  laid  by  the  Rer.  Thomai 

a  high  en-      Paacoc,  the  Vicar(who  for  forty  years  had 

larger  di-     miniatered  in  the  now  ditapidsted  ed<flea)|  A 

1,  which     in  the  preaence  of  a  targe  number  of  tl  ~ 


606 


JVutes  of  the  Month. 


Dec 


clergy  and  Ittity.  '1  he  apectucle  ijiu«t  have 
been  moiit  impresaiTc, — still  more  lo  the 
simple  and  feeling  address  of  the  Vicar. 
The  architect  is  Mr.  White,  of  Great 
Marlborough- btroet.  It  is  expected  that 
the  church  will  be  roofed-in  by  Februiry, 
and  completed  in  about  a  twelvemonth. 
The  floor  will  be  raised  two  feet  above  the 
former  level,  which  was  considerably  below 
the  churchyard.  In  consequence  of  this 
alteration,  it  is  desirable,  of  course,  that 
the  steeple,  which  was  not  consumed  by 
the  fire,  should  be  raised  proportionately 
with  the  churc^i,  but  this  the  building 
fund  does  not  at  present  warrant.  We 
trust,  however,  public  spirit  will  come  in 
aid  of  i\\o  architect's  designs,  and  permit 
tlir  rrcrtion  of  a  building  not  merely  con- 
venient, but  harmonious  und  handsome  in 
itself. 

A  meeting  has  been  held  at  the  Mansion 
House,  and  a  subscription  commenced,  for 
the  purpose  of  erecting  a  Monument  on 
the  site  of  the  lixhibition  of  1851.  It  is 
proposed  to  make  a  Statue  of  Prince  Albert 
the  principal  or  only  feature  of  this  monu- 
ment. It  is  to  be  hoped  that  his  Royal 
Highness  will  have  the  good  taste  to  decline 
this  piece  of  tlattery,  and  suggest  the  ap- 
propriation of  the  funds  collected  to  a  moro 
f  uitable  memorial  of  the  Exhibition. 

Professor  Maurice  has  been  dismissed 
from  the  two  Professorships  of  Theology 
and  History  at  King's  College,  London, 
on  the  ground  of  unorthodox  views  in  a 
recently  published  work. 

The  Uuecn  has  granted  u  pension  of  50/. 
a  yeor  to  Mrs.  (ilcn,  widow  of  the  late 
Rev.  W.  Cilen,  U.I).,  the  transUitor  of  the 
Bible  into  the  Persian  language. 

Mr.  Millais,  whose  pictures  have  excited 
so  much  attention  and  controversy  for  the 
last  two  or  three  years  at  the  annual  exhi- 
bitions, has  just  been  elected  an  Associate 
of  the  lloyal  Academy,  to  which  we  believe 
he  will  be  a  distinguished  ornament. 

A  monument  lias  been  raised  to  Titian 
in  the  church  of  Santa  Maria  Gloriosa  de' 
Fiori,  at  Venice^  where  he  was  buried.  It 
was  erected  at  the  expense  of  the  Emperor, 
and  is  the  joint  production  of  Luigi  Zan- 
domenichi  and  Pietro  Zandomenichi  his 
ion.  It  occupies  the  entire  breadth  of 
the  aisle  on  the  south,  immediately  oppo- 
site the  monument  of  Canova.  It  risea 
from  the  nave  with  three  steps  ;  and  con- 
sists of  a  high  double  plinth,  four  columns 
on  pedestals,  entablature,  and  attic.  The 
centre  intercolumniation  is  arched,  and 
within  this  is  seated  Titian,  having  on  one 
tide  a  figure  representing  Genius,  and  on 
the  other  Strength.  Immediately  behind 
him,  on  the  backing  of  the  monument,  ig 
a  basso-rilievo,  exceedingly  well  executed, 
of  his  great  picture  of  the  Aaaamption  of 


V  \ 


the  Virgin,  Mhica  »*  il»  tt»c 
Venice.  To  the  right  of  ihw  is  aaother  i 
the  Martyrdom  of  St.  Lawrence,  w^icb  i 
in  the  Jesuits'  Church  ;  to  the  left  aoodu 
of  the  magnificent  picture  of  Peter  Mai^ 
in  the  church  of  San  Gioranni  c  Faoki 
above  are  two  other  basai-iilief  i — Uiat  c 
the  right  representing  his  fint  work,  xk 
VisiUtion  of  St.  Elixabeth,  whicb  is  w» 
at  Dresden,  and  on  the  left  his  Uft  pu 
turc,  the  Descent  from  tl  e  Cross,  whic 
is  in  the  Academy.  On  each  side  of  Titia 
are  two  female  figures,  representing  D< 
sign.  Painting,  Architet^ture,  and  Sciii{ 
turc.  In  the  upt>er  part  are  two  wuige 
figures  holding  a  tablet,  with  the  inscfi| 
tion— "  Titiano  FerdimanduM  L  1352. 
On  the  comer  of  the  plinth  to  the  left : 
an  aged  figure  holding  a  tablet,  npo 
which  is  the  following  legend — "  Rqutt  ( 
Come$  ntianutfit.  Carolut  V.  MDUIL; 
and  on  the  left  a  younger  figure,  npo 
whose  tablet  there 'is,  •*  T7tiamo  mtom 
menium  erectum  tit,  Ferdimmudmt  ^ 
MDCCCXXXIXr  The  whole  is  sai 
mounted  by  the  Venetian  lion  holding 
scutcheon  with  the  arms  of  Ferdinaac 
It  is  said  to  have  cost  200,000  floriu 
It  is  composed  entirely  of  marble :  th 
figures  of  that  sort  called  statuary,  wbict 
from  its  whiteness,  produces  a  strikin 
eifect  in  contrast  with  the  other,  -whilst  i 
leaves  the  bassi-rilievi  unconfused. 

A  singular  recovery  of  some  importan 
national  and  historical  Records  has  latel; 
been  made  in  Prance.  The  Minister  of  tb 
Interior,  having  been  informed  that  th< 
greater  part  of  the  ))archment  emplojo 
by  the  Artillery  for  making  gun-cartridlge 
came  from  the  old  archives  dispersed  u 
different  periods,  requested  his  colleagiM 
of  the  War  department  to  order  these  parch 
ments  to  be  collected  and  submitted  to  tlu 
examination  of  a  special  inspector  of  ar- 
chives. Out  of  4,U00  cartridges  whict 
liave  been  examined  at  the  artillery  dep^l 
in  Paris,  3,000  produced  very  importanl 
documents  connected  with  French  history, 
Among  them  were  1,200  pages  of  the  old 
manuscript  accounts  of  Charles  VI.  VII. 
and  VIII.,  Louis  XI.  and  XII.,  Francis  L 
&c.  These  lists  of  expenses  point  oat  the 
employment  of  the  budgets  of  the  different 
reigns,  and  thus  throw  light  on  many 
points  of  national  history.  Among  these 
cartridges,  so  fortunately  recovered,  we 
may  also  mention  1,200  documents  con- 
nected with  the  old  chamber  of  accounta 
of  Dauphiny,  a  series  of  which  comprises 
some  very  important  documents,  dating  as 
far  back  us  the  thirteenth  century,  of  feii4sl 
investitures,  domainal  grants,  acoonnte  mi, 
expenses,  and  a  number  of  map#si 
from  the  princes  and  ieignttt 
phiny  and   Savoy:    700  cfewrf 


1853.] 


Stitcellaneotu  Jtevltwa. 


607 


FbDrcli  of  Mpinx  ;    pipal  bulli  ;  letters  of  Duke  Cbnrirs  llie  Ruli  s[  Ihe  ciege  of 

pstent  or  the  kiniri  Sr.  Louii.  Philippe  the  Liege  ;  militBr7  subsiJies  runiisbi-d  by  tbfl 

Bolil,  Philippe Icllcl.f^c.;  nno  ibeumenis  cammnnes;  and  other  curians  douumenli 

froft  the  nrehiTM  of  Artoii  and  Flmnden ;  connected  with  the  history  uf  the  Tien- 

builgeta  of  citlei  in  the  fourteenth  ind  <if-  Rut. 
tetmth  cenlurki ;  acconntt  of  the  irtillery 


HISI-ORICAL  A.ND  MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


TAtS 


■.q/r« 


Val.  III.     Tke     plete  ki 
-Mr.  RnsVin' 
t  appesrancfl  s: 


Bg  John  RuBkii 

mullaoeoustir  wilh  our  lit 

Tbo..:  who  hid  followed  his  innlyiii  of 
the  Gothic  and  Bjuntine  iljle*  oF  orchE' 
tecCure  will  hue  been  prepared  (or  (be 
NTerity  with  wliich  be  hsadlr!  the  Ee- 
ntisuDce.  It  certuinJy  receiTet  from  him 
DO  quarter.  Iti  clcmeuli  are  declared  to 
be  pride  and  inlidFllty,  the  former  re- 
soliiug  ittclf  into  priile  of  acience,  pride 
of  «tate.  Bud  pride  of  ajBtem. 

The  character  of  (he  geoiui  of  the 
period  (hat  hat  elapaed  since  the  rerival 
of  Irnroing  baa  been  caieatiall;  aaalytic, 
ind  analyiia  ii  not  without  its  value  eien 
iu  art :  bnl  its  vslue  bas  beeu  misunder- 
stoDit.  Its  beneni  is  salelj  refleetira,  and 
u  regacda  self-cnlturc ;  and  when  men 
■tteiupt  to  applj  its  fonnulie  direotljr  in 
creative  effort,  tlic  result  must  be  cillii-r 
utter  and  uiasifest  failure,  or,  whnt  is 
vrorse,  a  failure  wbieb  ia  mistaken  far 
auccesB.  Thus  tlie  Scienee  which  it  hai 
been  attempted  to  make  the  strength  of 
art  has  beeu  the  aoarce  of  its  weakneu. 
This  fault  lie«  at  the  root  of  what  Mr. 
Ruikin  terms  tiie  "  pride  of  knowledge  " 
and  the  "prido  uf  snteui '*  io  Renais- 
e  ■rebitcdure.     But  annlpil  ii  not 


ledge  of  aoiuiBl  chemintrf  anrf 
uiBieciiaa  will  not  help  biin  to  paint  Reah. 
orof botanj.torepresentaflower:  apetfeet   ' 
acquaintance  with  the  materiala  be  uses  !■ 
all  the  aonlf  licol  science  he  rt^quirei.    Btit 
the  architect  has  more  to  do  with  analjpcls  ]    I 
the  arta  of  construction  depend  upon  It 
thorough  knowledge  of  the  properties  of'   ' 
matter,  and  the  principles  of  mechanici. 
He  abonlJ  bo  a  inalhcmatlcian,  and,  td 
some  extent,  o  chemist  and  a  geologiatl 
but,  witb  all  lliii,  he  moat  he  something   I 
more.    Re  must  use  the  faenlt;  God  IiM    j 
giren  hiin,  and  thia  ia  not  ontiielji  denied' i  J 
to  au;  man,  liowoer  it  mlv  he  MidBd  bf 
false  syatema,  to  Me  what  ii  good,  aod  K 
prod  uce  what  is  good ;  or  elao  he  mu^   I 
become  a  mere  machine,  uieful,  perliaplk    , 
10  supplj  lome  of  the  groeter  wants  of 
bis  emplofera,  but  iacap:ible  of  Duythinf 
uoblo,    anything   which    iball    make  ma 
better  as  \htj  behold  it,  or  aatisfj   lU 


In  much  uf  the  argument  with  whidi 
Mr.  Rnikiu  furtifies  bit  aaaljaia  of  Re- 
nnissance  architecture  we  cannot  hut  agreK 
but  if  the  elomcntii  which  he  traces  oiC 
tu  he  found  in  most  Renaissance  arehi' 
lecture,  na  think  that  It  maj  be  contended 
that  they  oiiglnateJ  not  entirely  in  con- 
sequence of,  though  simoltaDeoualy  witfi, 
the  forma  imported  by  the  study  of  classi- 
cal models.  We  are  ready  to  coocede  at 
ouCB  that  this  imitation  of  clasaiciil  modelt 
was  a  fatal  misUke  :  but  was  not  Gothlit 
already  on  the  road  to  corruption  nhf 
rccciied  tbe  mortal  stroke?  Again,  t 
Romanesque  nrcbltectnre  has  nothing  im 
ceisarily  evil  In  it.  is  evident  from  tt 
For  excellence  of  that  early  Romanesque  whUl 
was  llie  parent  of  Gothic  itself. 


theretore  to  be  condemucd 
it  will  test  the  value  of  our  projnctiona, 
though  no  Boiaunt  of  analylio  power  will 
of  itself  coiblc  ua  to  produce;  and,  carried 
further,  our  analysis  will  iudicate  to  ua 
its  own  power  and  its  own  dclieii-'ucics, 
and  will  leach  lit  not  to  depend  upon 
mere  rules  and  arlitraiy  law<  lor  the  pro- 
duction of  anything  good  in  art.  "  " 
tbe  true  artist  has  tLat  iosplratioi 

which  is  above  all  Ian,  or  rather,  which  in  But  howeter  ititi'i'<;iting  to  a  pbyiicliA  1 

continually  working  out  such  oiagolticrnt  the  disculsion  of  morbid  lymptoma  mif  1 
and  perfect  obedience  to  supreme  law,  as  tte,  the  meaiii  of  rcstorstlaa  to  healq  I 
can  in  uowiaa  be  rendered  by  line  snd  touch  the  patlcut  much  nearer.  On  thtl  J 
rut<^,  Thi'rc  are  more  IswB  pereciied  and  point  let  Ua  hear  tiur  author, 
fulfilled  in   tbe  single   stroke  of  a  great  "  First  (snyt  he)  let  ua  Cut  out  Utteri|L,  I 

latvYcr  is  connecled  with  ilio  Gred;,'T 
Ranalaaance  archltectnte  f 
principle  or  in  form.  We  hare  aeen  aboi 
that  the  whole  nuai  of  the  ■rchlleciur*, 
founded  on  Greek  and  Roman  modeli, 
nhicli  we  hare  been  in  tbe  habit  of  build- 


CDec 


xBf  for  tiiT  lac  :k*«r 
^rrcttc  of  iX  liir.  ^i7t«e,  tiotic 
or  pvmrr  of  dantr  ^ood.  It  »  bart:, 
■■tMral.  lutf i  Miif u..  BBCB^OTmb^^  and  xm^ 
pnosK.  ■  .  .  !:«  tnc  tfa:ng  vr  ksvr  \o  d* 
if  to  cBx^  ii  ojti  ukd  ftkake  tiir  dsjc  of  it 
feet  for  ever.   Whairw  bat  aar 

■  jla  tae  nvr  croer*. — vuiic  vcj 
H  Dmr,  or  lo&ic,  or  Taacaa.  or  C-ari»- 
Aiaa.  or  Compstfstr,  or  iv  anrvifir  Grccxxed 
cr    RcMDUiizad  :    vi^Ltrrtr    bfCrars    tiie 

■pec?  for  Vjtjuian  law,  cr 
^itr  viiii  Pftll»dita  vork.- 
to  cDdart  n?  B^r?.  To  cli 
aelrc*  cf  t^ef>?  *  cac^t  cjovU  utd  rDttra 
nif%*  if  tike  fine  tL:n£  to  b*  donf  izi  tW 
eovt  of  oar  pruoa.  l^kea  to  tara  o«r 
priaoa  into  a  palace  if  aa  easy  tliiag.  We 
kare  9ten  thm^  tbat  exacth*  in  the  decree 
in  vkich  Greek  and  RonoB  archltectare  is 
Hfcieif,  aaprofitable,  and  mncitfistiaa.  ia 
tkat  same  degree  oar  ova  ancaent  Gotlac 
it  animated,  ferriceable^  and  faitMaL  .  .  . 
Ia  this  ardbitectare  let  as  beaoeforwmrd 
Imild,  alike  the  char^  the  palace,  and  the 


oritarin 


vm 


ita  pnsoi 
troaU 


»» 


Nov  mach  as  we  besrate  to  express  a 
difference  of  opinioa  with  Mr.   Raskin, 
we  cianot  help  feeding  that  this  if  not  ex- 
actly  the   rifbt   coorae.     Let   at  bj  all 
Tint  rid  oanelres  of  the  Mtrarian  liars, 
FaUadianism,  and  the  fire  orders,  let  as 
free  oarselres  from  the  fetters  which  bind 
WB  in  our  prifoo,  that  is  oue  step  in  the 
right  directioo  ;  bat  we  cannot  help  doabt- 
ing  that  the  result  of  attemptinf  the  next 
which  Mr.  Raskin  adrises  will  be  onlj  to 
prodace  bad  imitations  of  Gothic  in  place 
of  bad  imitations  of  Greek  and  Roman. 
This   is   eren  admitted.     **  It  is  certain 
(continues  oar  aathor)  that  we  mast  often 
tuX  before  we  can  again  boild  a  natural 
and  noble  Gothic**    Nor  does  the  success 
of  one  or  two  efTorts  of  xodividaal  archi- 
tects embolden  as  to  call  upon  the  whole 
profession  to  attt-mpt  to  i^ore  the  last 
three  centuries,  and  place  tbemselres  at 
that  starting  point  at  which  we  conceive 
that  the  first  departure  from  true  principles 
was  made.     Wbaterer  may  be  the  result 
with  some  iodiTiduals,  total  failure  may 
be  prognosticated  as  the  consequence  of 
such  an    endearour    with  regard    to   the 
mass.     Having  cast  aside  the  slavery  of 
one  system,  we  must  beware  of  putting  on 
the  chains  of  another.     Our  only  resource 
lies  iu  reverting  to  first  principles.    What 
the    fundamental   principles   of  all  good 
architecture  must  be  no  one  has  better 
discusited  than  Mr.  Ruskin  himself  in  his 
"  Seven  Lamps,"  and  throughout  the  pre- 
sent work.     But  above  all  we  must  repeat 
that  the  sin  of  dislionesty  -  disregard  of 
the   lamp   of  truth — must  first   be   tho- 
roughly purged  away  from  our  architec- 
8 


about  fcttim^  rid  of  Greek«o 
dctaSs,  or  abo«t  fbliawiBg  GoChk 
abowt  the  laws  of  TiUmiias ;  let  Ui 
fim  HonestT,  thtm  Stveagtk,  the 
iij  ;  let  hsa  ftart  ftoaa  tke  i  air  it  aai 
aa<MS  howhr  forau.,  oar  walls  witk  aqaafi 
iycjtaies  if  he  pleases  ;  let  hiaa  aet  hia 
aelf  to  work  to  umwjl  their 


to 

and  ia  the 
see  a 


of  a  gcneratioi 
of  aircliitcctsre  ana 


which  shall  be 

Gothic,  bat  which  dull,  for  aO  that 


of  oar  age  and 
iio-«tjle  is  lb 


I( 


iballbe  thetrwe 
its  glorr,  as  oar 
Harrird  and  its  shaaae, 

Bat  do  not  let  as  be 
V  furthest  froin  ovr  mtgntJon  to 
that  the  aim  of  ^e  ardiitect  ahoaid  be 
directed  to  the  iaveatioa  of  a  **  new  styles* 
We  betiere  that  do  ftf le  of  architecture 
was  ever  iareated.     All  hare  giowa;  aad 
BO  young  architect  ooald  poasiblj  fidi  nto 
a  more  fistal  error  than  uuat  oi  wmpptmag 
that  a  new  style   of  arddtectwre   eoald 
spring,  PiUas  like,  perfect  in  streagtfa  and 
beauty  froai  &e  bi^n  of  one  bbub.     And 
it  is  becaase  we  are  ooaTiaoed  tiiat  ■^^'^"g 
good  and  durable  ooaaes  into  ezisteBee 
ia   this  world  bat  by  slow  giowtli  and 
derelopment,  that  we  dfwpair  of  a  aatis- 
fiictorT  result  from  the  adoption   of  Mr. 
Raskin's  recommendatloa.     It  is  as  ioi- 
possible  to  resuscitate  the  dead  oak  as  to 
create  a  new  one  full  grown ;  we  can  |^ant 
the  acorn,  our  descendants  may  sit  nader 
the  shadow  of  the  branches  of  the  tree. 
I^et   us,   then,   look  for    bo    mnslirooai 
growths,  nor  hope  anything  from  an  at- 
tempt to  infuse  a  second  life  into  the  sun- 
less trunk  of  the  ancient  mooarch  of  tte 
forest. 

Some  of  Mr.  Ruskin*s  reviewers  appear 
to  have  been  startled  at  the  conclosions  to 
which  his  ailments  tended,  that  **  if  Mr. 
Ruskin  be  right  all  the  arcfaitecti  and  aQ 
the  architectural  teaching  of  the  last  three 
hundred  years  must  have  been  wrong.*' 
This  view  of  his  argument  he  accepts  and 
justifies,  "  That  is,  indeed,  (says  he)  pre- 
cisely the  fact,  and  the  very  tluog  I  meant 
to  say,  which  indeed  I  thought  I  had  said 
over  and  over  again.  I  believe  the  archi- 
tects of  the  last  three  centuries  to  have  been 
wrong  ;  wrong  without  exception  ;  wrong 
totally  and  from  the  foundation.  This  is 
exactly  the  point  I  have  been  endeavour- 
ing to  prove  from  the  beginning  of  this 
work  to  the  end  of  it.*'  This  is  the  text 
of  the  "  Stones  of  Venice,"  and,  though  it 
may  give  much  offence  to  the  disciples  of 


1853.] 

a  ichool  nLoHe  leaching  ii 


MUcellaneout  Reviews. 


609 


lug  ulterlj 
f  tbty  will 
listen  lo  the  Bermon  rhey  nill  not  Fail  to 
be  bettered,  ttea  though  not  coovinced. 
There  «re  m«ny  on  the  other  hand  nlio  ore 
BO  rcadjr  to  worship  tbe  wisdom  of  our 
nncestors  that  thej  can  find  nothing  good 
but  in  what  exiited  la  Ihe  middEe  agci ; 
for  whom  lime  has  rolled  on  for  naught 
huteilli  who  woDid  ignore  Ihe"gloriou9 
gaiuB  "  oF  the  last  three  centarict,  nnd 
would  hope  to  reitore  the  virtues  of  oLild- 
hood  hf  re-ineulcating  ill  defecti. 

Bat  Mr.  Kuskia  ii  sat  a  mere  "  laudator 
lemporiiaeti."  No  one  can  have  a  clearer 
peroeplian  oF,  or  acknowledge  mare  can- 
didly, the  merili  of  modern  science,  and 
the  adTantagea  it  liai  hestowed  upon  tha 
present  age.  But  he  givej  a  wholesoiae 
waming  against  pride  oF  knowledge,  and 
in  recounting  the  indicalioni  of  progress, 
desires  rather  to  direct  attention  to  what 
haa  to  he  done  than  to  what  baa  been 
done.  The  following  paisage  may  be  read 
with  advantage,  both  hy  thoie  who  arc 
d  lip  01 F  d  tn  boast  of  the  "  enlighten  mint 
of  the  nineteenth  century,"  and  by  those 
who  are  most  bigoted   to   the  good  old 

"  It  leems  to  me,  then,  that  tbe  whole 
human  race,  id  fai  aa  their  own  rcaioo  can 
he  Iruited,  may  at  preicut  be  regarded  ai 
juit  emergent  from  childhood,  and  begin- 
ning for  the  firjl  time  to  feel  their  atrenglh, 
10  ilrclch  their  limhg,  and  explore  the 
creatioa  aronnd  tbem.  IF  we  coniider  tbat 
till  within  the  last  Sfty  years,  the  nature 
of  the  ground  we  tread  on,  of  Ihe  air  we 
breathe,  and  of  the  light  by  which  we  see, 
were  npt  ao  much  as  conjecturally  con. 
ceiled  by  ui :  that  the  duration  of  the 
globe,  and  the  racea  of  animal  life  by 
which  it  was  inhabited,  arc  just  beginning 
to  be  apprehended  ;  and  that  the  suope  of 
the  magaifieent  adcnce  which  lus  revealed 
Ihem,  ii  aa  yet  ao  little  percelTed  hy  the 
public  mind,  that  presumption  and  igno- 
rance are  still  permitted  to  raise  their 
voirea  against  it  unrebuked  ;  .  .  .  .  that 
the  limpleat  problems  of  aocial  science  are 
yet  lo  little  understood,  as  that  doctrines 
of  liberty  and  equality  can  be  openly 
preached,  and  to  lucceiifully,  oa  to  aHect 
the  whole  body  of  the  civlliied  wtuld  with 
apparently  incurable  disease  ;  that  tlie  first 
priDclpletof  commrrce  were  acknowledged 
by  tbe  English  Parliameul  only  a  Few 
mnuthi  ago  in  its  free-trade  measures,  and 
are  atiU  lo  littleunderatood  by  the  million, 
that  no  natiou  dares  to  Dbolish  iU  custom* 
houses ;  ,  .  .  .  that  civilised  nations  per- 
sist in  the  belief  that  tbe  subtlety  and  dis- 
honeaty  which  they  know  to  be  ruinous  in 
dealini*  between  man  and  man,  ate  ser- 
*iceable  between  multitude  and  multitude ; 
t.  Vol.  XL. 


finally,  that  the  Christian  religion,  which  I 
WD  haio  been  taught  for  two  thoosanl  | 
years,  is  atill  so  little  conceived  of  by  u(,  . 
that  WD  suppose  the  laws  of  charity  and  of  J 
lelf- sacrifice  bear  upon  indiiiduals  in 
their  social  relations,  and  yet  dn  not  t 
upon  nations  in  any  of  their  political  rela>    I 

tions  i we  can  hardly  delermioB 

how    far  back,  ou  the    narrow   path    of    . 
human  progress,  ne  ought  to  place  Iha 
generation  to  which  we  belong,  bow  fu 
the  swaddling  clothes  are  nnwound  from 
us,  and  childish  things  beginning  to  be  pot 

Mr.  Ruakin  might  bare  added,  when 
we  ace  how  little  the  moat  enlightened 
can  yet,  in  their  zeal,  tolerate  an  honest 
difference  of  opinion,  how  little  practical 
faith  is  exhibited  by  many  whoso  coniic- 
tiona  are  moat  vivid  and  sincere,  so  that 
they  would  if  possilile  extend  their  viewi, 
and  repress  their  opponents  by  force  and 
by  persecution.  But  perhaps  oar  author 
i.i.,~..ir:.  K.r,(i....»;,.L..ii,.  rr...  c,-^t„  ih;> 


lelf  is  hardly  sulGcieotly  frei 
*'     fit  in    -' 


do  not  quarrel  with  bis  dogmatism.  He 
assumes  to  be  a  teacher ;  it  cannot  be  de- 
nied that  he  teaches  many  snd  valuable 
lessons ;  and  a  teacher  should  be  aulfl- 
ciently  sure  of  the  purport  of  what  he  haa 
to  impart  to  be  able  to  speak  dogmatically; 
hut  we  think  we  trace  many  indications, 
and  some  ate  to  be  found  in  the  passage 
we  have  quoted,  oF  a  desire  to  see  oppo- 
sition rcprirssed  hy  other  means  than  Iho 
goodness  of  the  cause  and  tbe  soundnesa 
of  the  reasoning.  We  may  alio  observe 
that  his  manner  of  imputing  vices  to 
particular  styles  of  art.  as  pride,  self- 
indulgence,  infidelity,  and  so  forth,  is 
liable  lo  hinder  the  effect  of  hia  just  cri- 
liciim,  and  to  make  it  appear  that  be 
wishes  (o  impute  these  (ices  to  all  who 
practise  these  styles,  though  nothing,  we 
are;  sure,  can  be  Further  from  his  meaning. 
And  wc  would  urge  upon  him,  if  these 
pages  should  chance  lo  come  under  his  eye, 
that  be  might  do  greater  services  to  act 
and  to  truth  IF  he  condescended  to  take 
some  pains  to  avoid  giving  the  offence 
which  his  harahneai  of  eenmre  is  liable  tc 
cause,  which  is  apt  lo  disgost  the  dia- 
piasionatc  inquirer,  and,  uideas  it  excite  • 
smile,  can  only  irritate  an  o[ . 

But  we  can  usure  those  of  our  readen   j 
who  are  inclined  lo  take  umbrage  at  aoae    I 
of  Mr.  Ruskin's  expressions,  that  if  they    I 
will  carefully  study  and  ponder  Ihe  prio- 
dples  be  lays  down,  and   the  judlcion* 
criticism  in  wluch  he  applies  and  itlustratcs 
tbem.  they  will  find  less  and  less  reaso 
differ  from  Lii  conclusions,  and  be  n 
and   more  ready  to   make  allowanee  for 
anything  they  cannot  approve  of  ii 
melhod  of  enforcing  them. 


I 


610 


Miscellaneoui  Remews. 


[Dec 


The  Ru»9ian  Shorn  qf  the  Black  Sea 
in  the  Autumn  of  1852,  triM  a  Voyage 
doum  the  Volga  and  a  Tour  through  the 
Country  of  the  Don  Cof»aek».  By  Law- 
rence Oliphant,  Author  of  "  A  Voyage 
to  NepauL** — The  public  has  reason  to 
welcome  such  a  book  as  this  with  great 
thankfulness.  A  sensible,  unambitious, 
truthful  volume  of  travels,  not  compiled 
for  the  sake  of  effect,  but  really  minister- 
ing to  the  rational  desire  for  reliable  infor- 
mation about  regions  and  people  of  which 
and  whom  we  know  but  little,  while  it  is 
of  importance  Uiat  we  should  know  a  good 
deal,  and  correctly.  Mr.  Oliphant  seems 
to  have  endured  plenty  of  minor  torments 
in  order  to  bring  us  these  additions  to  our 
knowledge,  and  it  is  comforting  to  think 
of  his  having  had  some  compensation  in 
the  beauty  of  the  country,  which,  though 
not  always  attractive,  seems  in  many  parts 
to  be  much  more  bold,  various,  aud  strik- 
ing than  we  had  been  led  to  suppose  herc- 
tiuore. 

We  start  with  him  by  railway  from 
St  Petersburg  to  Moscow,  and  we  must 
allow  tliat  those  who  contend  for  govem- 
ment  management  of  these  public  con. 
Tcniences  would  find  it  somewhat  hard 
to  maintain  their  point  in  Russia.  Only 
one  train  starts  daily:  this  professes  to  be 
at  11  A.M.  and  all  travellers  are  com- 
manded to  be  at  the  station  at  10  pre- 
cisely. Even  thus  they  are  liable  to  be 
told  there  is  no  room,  for  to  put  on  an 
extra  carriage  is  a  thing  unheard  of.  Of 
course,  our  travellers  would  endeavour  to 
be  something  br/ore  the  hour.  Pass- 
ports would  have  to  be  examined,  copied , 
atamped.  At  a  quarter  before  11  places 
were  allowed  to  be  taken,  room  having 
been  previously  secured  for  the  military, 
who  in  Russia  are  sure  of  the  entr<^'e  to 
eyerything;  and  so,  ])retty  nearly  at  its 
proposed  time,  the  train  started,  and  iM) 
miles  were  traversed  in  twenty -two  hours. 
Tliere  is  no  occasion  to  'go  over  Moscow 
with  Mr.  Oliphant,  nor  indeed  does  he 
dwell  for  long  upon  it.  II is  objects  were 
onward,  and  accordingly  the  next  halt  is 
at  Nijni  Novgorod,  a  diligence  journey  to 
which  is  performed  in  two  days  und  two 
nights.  Up  to  this  point  the  country  is 
little  attractive  :  he  passed  through  whole 
seas  of  oats  and  buck -wheat;  then  tracts 
of  pasture,  rich  in  flocks  and  herds  ;  then 
pine  forests ;  then  fresh  Aelds,  fresh  post* 
houses,  from  whence  came  fresh  horses, 
&c.  ;  and  every  eight  or  ten  miles  there 
was  a  wooden  village  to  be  rattled  through, 
with  nothing  in  the  least  picturesque  but 
the  church,  with  its  green  cupola.  The 
immediate  attraction  at  Novgorod  was  of 
course  the  fair,  and  Mr.  Oliphant's  de- 
scription is  lively  and  interesting.     Such 


a  fair  as  that  of  Nijni  Novgorod  ia  not 
indeed  a  scene  to  be  forgotten  :  the 
amount  of  business  transacted  during  the 
few  weeks  of  its  duration  seema  to  be 
enormous :  upwards  of  300,000  people 
being  brought  together  aimually  by  it ; 
and  the  mingling  of  races  and  people, 
of  eastern  and  western  gooda,  together 
with  the  absence  of  comfortable  accom- 
modation for  at  least  half  of  the  assem- 
bled numbers,  gives  an  appearance  of 
scramble  and  bustle  at  every  point. 

From  Novgorod   Mr.  Oliphant  took  a 
boat,  called  "The  Volga  Steam  Naviga- 
gation   Company's  Steam-Tug   Samson,** 
bound  for  Astrachan,  which  place,  how- 
ever, he  never  reached,  stopping  short  at 
Dubovka,  where  he  crossed  the  Steppe  to 
the  Don.     The  voyage,  which,  he  says, 
ought  not,  in  a  good  boat,  to  occupy  more 
than  eight  days,  the  miserable  stcam-tuga 
eke  out  to  three  weeks.     No  doubt  the 
noble  Volga  must  be  one  of  the  most  dif- 
ficult rivers  possible  to  navigate,  from  the 
ever  changing  nature  of  its  sandy  bed ; 
but  there  are  perpetual  instances  of  mis- 
management and   delays,  the  more   anr- 
prising  when  we  arc  told  that  the  Volga 
Company's  affairs  arc  now  in  the  handa  of 
Englishmen.*     Part  of  the  river's  course 
ia  described  as  extremely  beautiful,  while 
part  is  flat;  the  villages  and  their  inhabit- 
ants numerous,  but  the  state  of  the  people 
discouraging  to  the  last  degree.     With  a 
promising  soil,  cultivation  is  bad  ;  manure 
is  got  rid  of  as  a  nuisance  instead  of  being 
employed  to  fertilise  the  fields ;  and,  as 
to  the  human  subject,  fallow  indeed  is  the 
mental  domain.     Schools   are   positively 
prohibited,  except  in  a  few  large  towns; 
nor  was  there,  apparently,  in  some  of  the 
principal  villages,  the  least  glimpse  of  an 
attempt  to  lead   the  people  to  worship 
together,  nothing  to  counteract  the  melan- 
choly impreiiision  of  a  brutal  and   lower 
(or  lowest)  sort  of  heathenism. 

The  state  of  serfdom  is  also  most  af- 
flictive ;  nothing  can  more  distinctly  ahow 
that  so  it  is  felt  to  be,  than  the  fact  that 
almost  all  (except  perhaps  the  crown  pea- 
sants, who  are  better  off)  are  ready  to 
desert  agricultural  employments  on  the 
first  opportunity :  and  this  is  the  argu- 
ment made  use  of  by  the  nobles  against 
emancipation :  they  say  their  estates  would 
be  without  cultivators,  which,  in  the  first 
instance,  might,  Mr.  Oliphant  thinks,  be 
a  very  likely  result.     With  such  a  soil, 

*  Mr.  Oliphant  travelled  in  1852,  and, 
we  have  reason  to  believe,  improTementi 
have  taken  place.     He  himself  tella  «• 
that  an  Englishman  had  launched 
steamers  in  1851,  and  five  the  fbtt 
year,  for  one  Company  alone. 


18530 


Mucellantoug  Revievi 


!s  would 


and  cheat 


Ai  oat  ioitxace  of  thU 
tract  the  account  of  Ihc 
tbe  harbcui  and  abipe  of 


the  rirmiag  uf  tlie  VolgB  pi 

ricbly  rBpsji  howcser,   Uc  thinki,  more     the  ptTemmcDl. 

iatetligeut  uid   eipeosire  agency.     Serf     cheating, 

or  rrecniiii,  the  Ruisiim  peaiaut  is  a  lo-      ~~''     *~ 

cial  being.     He  will  not  liie  in  u  lanelf 

liouie,  nor,  il  he  can  poigibly  belp  binttelf, 

ia  a  imall  liJlage  -,   be  prefers  enUrgcd 

society,   nod   leldom    do   bii   gathering 

number  leu  tban  a  IboiiiaDd :  lo  that  in 

lecd-lime  and  hardest,  tbe  moiingi  anJ 

aliiTtings  to  tbc  immoicable  fieldg  nrc  fery 

IrDnbteaoDie.    Like  bees,  tbe  workers  arc 

liable  to  be  smoked  ddI,  boHerer  ;  for  it 

is  cuitomiry  far  a  Ruiiian  Tillage  to  be 

burnt  down  once  in  etcr;  iLirtjr  yean. 

We  muit  IcaTB  ttie  reader  to  explore  craft,  beaidri  a  long  row  of  bulki,  irhich 
tbe  aoarcea  of  weukueu  and  abuie  wbicli  bate  been  converted  into  magaiines  or 
arc  allowed  in  Ihia  country  to  impede  the     pruan-ibipa. 

adviDtagei  and  facilitie*  which  might  ao  ''  The  hard  aertics  which  lias  redaced 
easily  aucrnc  from  better  management,  go  many  of  tbe  haodaoniest  ships  of  the 
Tbe  notices  of  GermsD  colonists  will  he  Rotaiaa  naiy  to  Ibis  condition,  consists 
fODod,  we  think,  very  inlereating ;  and  in  lying  for  eight  or  ten  yeari  upon  the 
here  tbe  oppresiloa  of  the  Greek  Churcii  sleepiiig  bosom  of  Ihoharbonr.  After  the 
is  lamentable.  Tbeie  indostrioua  people  expiration  of  that  period  their  timbers, 
■ra  Morstiaoi,  viho  first  settled  here,  cotaiposed  of  fir  or  pine-Hood,  neiei  pro- 
about  thirty  in  DUinbtir>  In  1769.  By  their      perlj   seasoned,  become  perfectly  rotten. 


Se*astopol 

"  Aa  I  alood  up 
that  lead  down  to  the  water's  edgi . 
counted  tlurteen  sail  of  the  line  anchored 
in  the  principnl  hsrbaur.  Tbe  newest  of 
these,  B  noble  thrcC'decker,  wsa  lying 
within  pistol-shot  of  the  i|iMy.  Tlie  are- 
rage  breadth  of  this  ialet  is  one  thouaond 
yards;  two  creeks  branch  olT  from  it,  in- 
terseoting  the  town  in  a  southerly  diree- 


Mideiangcllaedi  but,  alas  I  tbe  priests  end  of  a  warm  that  abound*  in  the  mnddy 
the  goTeminaiit  interposed,  alvmed  leit  waters  of  the  Tcbemoi  Retcka,  a  stream 
Iha  Tartar  beathca  should  became  Pro-  which,  iraveraing  the  valley  of  Inkeiroan, 
teataot :  and,  while  they  liave  put  ao  ef-  falls  into  the  npper  part  of  the  main  bar- 
feotuol  barrier  to  the  attempts  of  the  hour.  It  is  laid  that  this  pernicioui  in- 
Germans,  they  baie  wnl  no  miMionaries  seat — wbich  ia  equally  dectrucliie  in  salt 
thcmaelres  among  them.  They  bate  for-  water  as  in  tr^h — costs  the  Rusfian  go- 
bidden  MomTian  light  to  shine )  but  no  lemmeni  many  thousands,  and  is  one  of 
lamp  fiuin  the  dominant  Church  tisita  the  thn  moat  serioni  obatacles  to  the  fo 


ivyoi 


left  tl,  _ 

■crosa  tiie  iilhmuB  to  the  0 


again  ho  is  sbooked  at  the  apathy  of 
goiernmcDt  and  a  [irople  which  can  allow 
two  such  noble  rivers,  conveying  each  such 
imntease  wealth,  to  be  ooanected  only  by 
a  miierablc  tiamroad,  while  there  ia  ever; 
facility  for  the  cooatruction  of  a  canal. 
He  aays  that  one  of  40  miles  long  waolil 
connect  the  Block  Sea  and  the  Caspian 


and  hero      copper-bottomed ; 


ikSea. 
r,  why 
if  the  ships  era 


(|uaintance  with  the  real  state  of  mstten 
would  lead  one  to  suspect  that  the  attacks 
of  the  natal  tmptayitaze  mors  fornidahle 
lo  the  cofTrra  of  the  government  than  Iha 
altacka  of  this  worm,  which  is  used  aa  a 
coDTenient  scape-goat,  when  the  present 
rotten  state  of  the  Black  Sea  fleet  csunot 
othcrniae  be  accauated  for.  In  contra- 
tha  Baltic,  and  perfect  the  whale  rut  diction  to  Ibis  we  may  be  referred  lo  the 
of  water  communication  from  the     infinitaly  more  efficient  coiiditioa  of  Iha 


north  to  the 

In  fjct,  from  the  beginning  lo  the  end 
of  Mr-  OUphaot'i  book,  we  hsire  received 
every  sort  of  confirmation  of  the  hope, 
wbidi  it  becataes  more  and  more  a  com- 
fort to  all  loaeta  of  tlieir  kind  to  indulge 
iu,  tluU  Russian  ambition  and  gra»p  at 
eolalaad  larrUnriaa  hasorvrthot  its  mark, 
■nd  autocrat  lias 


Bailie  fleet 

from  their  proximit 

from    tbe    absence 


>  bvad-guarten'  than 
the  worm  in  the 


"  The  wages  of  the  seamen  are  to  low — 
about  aiileen  rubles  a-year — that  it  is  not 
uunatutDl  tbey  ahonld  deiire  to  i 
so  miserable  a  pittance  by  any  m 
Iheir  powir.     The  consequence    i 
if  he      from  (he  members  of  tbe  naval  I 
tttat     the  boya  that  blow  the  smiths'  bellowi  __ 
lu      the  dockyard,  everybody  shares  tbe  spoBlu 
obtained  by  an  elaborately  devised  syit«M>  1 
'idcr  carried  on  somewhat  l 


^\x 


W/4««'>iK.i  Rerie^t. 


*A^ 


^'  ^^77  7 


'.'    •!**      ■*'.1  *  'Jt 

m  ♦  •-.-:.-  V-ii*n  •*  t  V.ir:  ip;     it*:  f:r 

li<  P'-':  '.**  '/  r*/:'-.T;-»  :•,•=..  "ri'-  ir» 

mmC    K  w  •  ^  *    ar*  -  ^ "  ♦   #%#    •-'»    •»»-■,»    V-«  "■/ 

to  l>t  i-j-f*!:**!  w;v.  ti*  ::-=Vr  f-r  i.il.'  tte 

eime4  on  ♦?.-•  ;«»«,  aai  p^rh*-*  tbe 
et^h  lirik  in  tk.j«  c  v-i'.ricri-.r  c^iii  I*  tr* 
naan  wbo,  for  i-.  i*r*ar«slT  low  f.^r*.  ari- 
dCTt«V»rs  to  f  r,  ia^*  ta<  -«.^*  -nti  w-   J. 

9CViT^.in^\j  fi.-fyi  a  r^cianti'T  of  zTKn  pinei 
■ml  f\r\  «lo«n  th*^  liniep^r  a::d  lk>?  t) 
Ni«:!i'/..i^ff,  whi'rh  are  dnlj  hm-^e.l  cp  t? 
the  h'-^i  i-r^niCr.'^r'or,  rach  mtn  pxketin^ 
the  fl<ff''-r«nr«;  (j^fKCtn  i:U  contract  anl 
that  of  h:«  fie:sflJ>onr.  Wh»n  the  wood  i« 
prodac^'l  bef'/re  th^  bo^rd  appointed  to 
in«fie'-t  it.  another  tribe  «M*onfl  it,  ani  t^^e 
GoTc:rnrn<^nt,  aft^r  paying  the  price  of 
wrll-d^atoned  oak,  u  «aq>riaH  that  ths 
I2<i-gijn  ft  hip.  of  which  it  hi*  l>e?n  bailt. 
ia  nnfit  for  fervice  in  fire  rrars. 

••'Hie  rirh  harv*?st  thit  is  rcap«»!  bv 
tho«e  i:inpIoyr:d  ill  baildin;  and  fitting 
her  up  i«  a^  ea-ily  obtained ;  and  to  larh 
an  eitrnt  did  the  d^^ckjard  work  men  trade 
in  government  ntorrix,  &■?.  that  merchant- 
Tc^vela  were  for  a  Ion;;  time  prohibited 
from  entering  the  harbour.  I  was  not 
aarpris  d,  aftpr  obtaining  this  interestins; 
dr^rription  of  Rii\>>ian  ingf*nuily,  to  learn 
that,  (int  o^  the  imposing  array  before  us, 
thfrri!  w(TC  only  two  rhips  in  a  condition 
to  undertake  a  voyngc  round  the  Cnpp. 

"If,  therefore,  in  estimating  the  strength 
of  tliR  Huifian  navy,  wc  deduct  the  ships 
which,  for  all  practical  purposes,  are  un- 
aeaworthy,  it  will  appear  that  the  Black 
8ca  fleet,  that  standing  bugbear  of  the  un- 
fortiMMtc  I'ortr,  will  dwindle  into  a  force 
more  in  proportion  to  its  limited  sphere 
of  artion,  and  to  the  enemy  which,  in  the 
nbNfii<:e  of  any  other  European  power,  it 
%vouId  encounter.  There  is  no  reason  to 
iiUppoHc  that  the  navy  forms  un  exception 
to  the  rule,  that  all  the  great  national  in- 
atitutiunn  of  llnssia  are  artificial.  The 
Kmpcror  and  the  army  arc  not  to  be  re- 
Kardrd  in  that  liicht,  though  the  latter  will 
doubtlffiH  be  \:^\^A  of  an  early  opportunity 
of  redeeming  its  character,  which  has  been 
lomewhat  shaken  by  the  unsatisfactory 
displiiys  of  prowess  daily  eihibited  in  the 
(;aut!tiNU«i,  and  the  absurd  misadventures 
of  DIM*  of  the  diviMions,  which  ultimately 
fiiilrd  in  taking  pRrt  in  the  IhhI  Hungarian 
campaign,  for  Inek  of  a  properly  organi:H;d 
commmissariat.'* 

1(1  Xi  f  «  « 


«.x.i.  '-•--^:-.■  1 -wii  i=.r-r.pA£iti.  a.  cremt 
6tL  :f  t^r-:  -:ir  »ii  i;<«:r*5arT  to  rub  off 
\ZA  ;;:i.Tiri  ;«?-.  f:r  "witc"  h  s  Imperial 
Mr*^'7  ;  ••''•r^*  x  rirt^c^lirlr  ke:n  eye. 
Ii  ii  i.fi.T  -  i:;iri..  i  y»ever.  to  expect 
tia:  =*i  -mt—.'t  nu-.-irae  ex7«n<^ioe  hac. 


reir-i  ii  «-:-.  i  nirafrr  i*  c-:r  mercantile 
n:ir=.t  i*:ris  =:-*:  eT*r  be  a  verT  diffe- 
reat  ?:'^7  i  =if-  fron  tho&e  reared  in 
the  d'>:'*Tv.-i  cf  Sivaftcpol.  It  is  mali- 
cincs'.r  f.-ul.  :.«!:  cp33  xh^  few  occasions 
thi:  *.Le  Hisiiin  f.*t\  in  the  Black  Sea 
h*ve  eccr-::iMrfl  a  rs'.e  of  wind,  the 
create .'  pirt  of  ibe  officers  and  men  were 
alwav*  Mfi  s::'fc. 

'*  1:  is  c^rt.:::  thit  :bey  hive  sometimes 
been  uaab>  to  tell  wbereabjuts  they  weie 
on  their  extent- ve  cruising  ground  ;  and 
once  between  Sevadtopol  and  Odessa,  it  ia 
cnrrenrly  and  Ii^eUouslT  reported  that  the 
admiral  was  to  utteriy  at  a  loss,  that  the 
flag-lien'enonr.  f-»serving  a  Tilla^  on 
shore,  |-ropo.<-d  to  land  and  ask  the  way.*' 

Recent  and  passing  events  invest  with 
panic'ilir  interest  all  the  latter  part  of 
this  liook.  Throughout  it  is  plain  that 
the  author  is  no  friend  to  Russian  exten- 
sion of  power.  Reasons  good,  as  it  seems 
to  Of,  has  he  given  for  his  judgment,  but 
to  the  opinions  of  readers  in  general  we 
muiit  now  leave  him. 


Centui  rf  Great  Britain^  1851.  Report 
and  Population  Tablet. 

Rf»ult9  of  the  Centus  of  Great  Britain 
in  IHjl.     By  Edward  Cheshire.     8po. 

The  British  group  of  islands  consists,  we 
are  informed,  of  no  less  than  five  hundred, 
of  which,  on  the  night  of  the  30th  of 
March,  1851,  one  hundred  and  seventy- 
five  were  found  to  contain  inhabitants 
varying  in  number  from  a  solitary  occu- 
pant to  30,81G,351.  At  the  same  time 
212,1 04  persons  are  estimated  to  have  been 
absent  in  the  army,  navy,  and  merchant- 
service,  and  33,775  British  subjects  resi- 
dent or  travelling  in  foreign  countries. 

To  enumerate  this  vast  multitude,  in  all 
27,721,849   persons,  to  ascertain  simul- 
taneously the  distribution,  place  of  nativity, 
age,  sex,  relation,  and  cmploymeat  of  tfas 
wiiole  number  was  the  task  undertakea  at 
the  Census  of  I B5 1 .    That  it  was  a  laboar 
of  no  trifling  amount,  requiring  jndlnltwH 
organisation  and  the  combined  exertioa  «l 
a  great  number  of  intelligent  persons^ 
readily  conceived.    But  we  donoC  wWtfi 
any  one  could  have  an  adequate  nc* 
the  extent  of  the  task  withont  < 
ance  of  the  statisties  of  the 
in  the  report. 


law.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviewt, 


tilU 


Tlic  Ciuisn>  ot  Ihe  L'nitci!  tutigdoni  una 
Ukeii  by  Ino  diElinnt  drpirtmOiiU,  under 
Ihe  poweri  conferred  by  two  Act*  of  P«r- 
liument.  One  of  Cb«e  applied  exctuiively 
In  litUnd,  uid  the  atbrr  to  EtiEUnd, 
Wilu,  and  Scotland.  Tbe  cnumeritlon  oF 
the  iilaniit  in  Ihe  Brilish  neaa  vaa  eSected 
by  tbe  Engliih  Ceams  Office,  under  the 
aathoiity  of  the  Home  Departmfnt. 

The  TOlamet  before  us  present  the  re- 
sult of  the  Censui  of  Great  Bntnin  and  ila 
iBlindi  alone.  In  order  to  collect  the 
materials  of  this  Rork  3S,7lO  caumcntors 
were  appointed ;  an  arm;  numbering  more 
IhoD  Four  times  that  Buembled  last  summer 
fllChobham.  They  were  officered  by  3,220 
rc^itrnr),  and  G'H  aaperintendent  regii- 

Encb  of  the  enumerators  bad  to  per- 
foriD  hii  duties  in  a  separate  district,  in- 
cluding on  the  arerage  aboat  100  houaci. 
At  each  of  these  ho  depoiited,  some  dayi 
previous  to  the  30lh.  certain  printeJ  form* 
to  be  tilled  up  by  the  householder.  The 
total  number  of  schedules  forirarded  from 
the  Ccnaui  Office  for  tbii  porpose  iris 
;,0U0,00O,  weighing  nearly  40  tona.  In 
■JJilioD  to  [bete  the  enumrntors  delirered 
forms  for  collecting  information  respecting 
placet  of  norabip.  schools,  and  other  in- 
■titations  ;  but  the  return  to  thvae  laltrr 
vai  o|>tioDat.  Tbe  househ alders'  schedule, 
a  correct  return  to  which  was  made  com- 
pulsory under  a  penalty  by  the  Act  of 
Parliament,  was  to  contain  the  name,  rc- 
lalion  to  Ihe  head  of  the  family,  sei,  age, 
occnpatfon.  and  birthplace  of  each  person 
who  should  pass  the  night  of  tbe  30th  of 
March  in  the  house  ;  and  it  was  liltenise 
to  be  stated  if  any  of  these  persons  ware 
blind,  or  deaf  and  dumb.  The  only  ab. 
scDtees  to  be  included  ia  thcie  schedulea 
were  police,  watrbmen  on  night  duty,  and 
workmen  engaged  at  their  labour  during 
the  Dight,  and  relnming  home  in  the 
morning.  The  achedulei  were  collected  in 
Ihe  course  of  the  next  day  by  Ihe  enume- 
rator, whose  asiltlance,  we  nvay  suppose, 
was  Tery  often  necessary  ia  tbe  filling  np. 
He  was  alao  required  to  count  or  estimate 
the  dwellers  in  tents  and  barges,  and  the 
honseteu  wilhin  his  dialriet. 

Tbe  enumerators  were  allowed  one  week 
for  the  transcription  of  the  schedulea  Into 
a  hook,  and  for  the  completion  of  the 
laiious  summaries  and  catimatei.  At  the 
end  of  Ikfai  ihno  th«  whole  of  their  docu- 
jilaoed  in  the   hands  of 


luroB  of  churches  and  ichoola  ivere  Irans- 
mitted  direct  to  the  Census  Office.  The 
su peri nteodent- registrars  had  to  examine 
Ihe  correctness  of  tbe  summnriea  prepared 
by  the  rEgistrara,  and  then  transmitted 
the  documents  to  the  Census  Office. 

Returns  were  also  obtained  through  the 
officers  of  Ihe  Custom*  of  all  persons  on 
hoard  ships  in  harbour  on  )be  night  of 
tbe  census.  ~  Ships  in  the  home  trade  it 
sea  on  that  night  were  supplied  with 
papen  before  their  departure,  whith  were 
collected  on  their  returu  to  port.  The 
seamen  abroad  were  enumerated  from  lists 
prepared  by  the  registrar  of  merchant 
seamen  from  the  rcgiatrars  under  hit  con- 
royal  marines  were  returned  by  the  officers 
in  command,  under  instrnctiooa  from  Ibe 
Admiralty. 

In  two  montha  from  the  taking  of  the 
censoi,  the  enumeration  booki,  and  tbe 
registrnn'  summaries  were  receired  at  tbe 
Census  Office;  and  on  the  7lb  of  June  a 
rough  statement  of  the  total  population 
and  numbers  of  houses  Rst  transmitted  to 
the  Secretary  of  State,  sad  immediately 
made  public. 

Much.  howETer,  remained  to  be  done. 
A  careful  revision  was  undertaken  at  the 
Census  Office  of  the  whole  of  Ibe  work 
previously  perfonned ;  erery  total  and  sum- 
mary in  the  eimmeralors'  relums  was  ei- 
amincd;  and  twenty  millions  of  entries, 
contained  in  above  a  million  and  a  quarter 
of  pages,  were  thus  gone  over.  From  Iba 
data  thug  ascertained  the  abstracts  pub- 
lished hsie  beeu  prepared.  The  portion 
of  the  census  returns  that  has  appeared 
occupies  three  bulky  fulio  rolnmea,  con- 
taining abont  two  thousand  pages.  Hiese 
give  Ibe  nuD^bcrs  of  tbe  people  in  Great 
Britaia.  dislingnisbiug  moles  and  females, 
and  Ihe  number  of  houses  occupied,  un- 
occupied, and  building.  Tbey  contain  also 
condensed  abstracts  of  all  previoua  cen- 
suaea,  and  a  copious  indei.  A  future  pub- 
lication will  contain  cUssifications  of  Iba 
population  in  respect  of  age,  birthplace, 
occupalioQ,  and  other  particulars. 

The  general  total  of  the  Censua  of  Great 
Britain  it  as  follows ; — 


4 


614 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Dec 


Nambers  ut  this  luagnitade  are  scarcely 
appreciated  in  their  full  import,  or,  per- 
haps, the  fact  is,  that  we  are  so  accastomed 
to  over-estimate  the  nambcrs  of  persons 
or  thiogfl  with  which  wc  ordinarily  come 
in  contact,  that  when  we  see  these  enor- 
mous numbers  on  paper  only  we  forget 
bow  large  they  really  are.  The  exagge- 
rated estimates  of  population,  of  the  force 
of  armies,  the  slain  in  a  battle,  or  the  vic- 
tims of  a  pestilence,  that  we  so  often  meet 
with  in  history,  arc  evidence  how  readily 
men  have  deceived  themselves  in  this  re- 
ipect.  That  tlte  student  of  the  census 
may  properly  realise  the  21  millions  of  our 
population,  the  Report  informs  us  that  at 
the  rate  of  100,000  a  day,  211  days  would 
have  been  occupied  by  them  in  visiting  the 
Crystal  Palace,  and  that  allowing  a  square 
yard  to  each  person  they  would  cover  7 
square  miles.  Mr.  Cheshire  gives  another 
illustration  by  stating  that  if  all  the  popu- 
lation of  Great  Britain  had  to  pass  through 
London  in  procession,  and  that  an  unin- 
terrupted passage  was  given  for  12  hours 
daily,  Sunday$  excepted^  it  would  take 
nearly  3  months  to  pass  through,  at  quick 
march,  four  abreast  We  admire  the  in- 
genuity of  the  illustration,  as  well  as  the 
strict  regard  for  the  Sabbath,  which  will 
not  permit  so  purely  imaginary  a  task  to  be 
continued,  even  in  idea,  upon  the  day  of 
weekly  rest. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  proportion  of 
females  to  males  is  more  than  103  to  100, 
while  the  Registrar  General's  returns  show 
that  of  children  bom  alive  the  proportion 
is  nearly  105  males  to  100  females.  "  How 
much,'*  the  Report  observes,  "  the  change 
in  the  proportions,  and  the  subsequent  dis- 
parity of  the  numbers  in  the  two  sexes,  is 
due  to  emigration,  or  to  a  diflference  in 
degree  of  the  dangers  and  diseases  to  which 
they  are  respectively  exposed,  will  be  most 
advantageously  discussed  when  the  num- 
bers of  males  and  females  living  at  diffcr- 
entperiods  of  life  are  compared." 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  progress 
of  the  population  of  Great  Britain  during 
the  present  century : 


Years. 


1801 

1811 
1821 
1831 
IMI 
I8dl 


Males. 


5,368,703 
6,111,201 
7,09*i,(»-->3 
N,  133,446 
9,232,4IM 
10,386,048 


Females. 


Total. 


5,A48JdO 
6,312jRft9 
7,a06,ftlK) 
8,430,692 
9,A81,»'»4 
10,78ft,91l> 


10,917,433 
12,424,120 
14,402,643 
16.564,138 
1H,813,786 
21,121,967 


The  annual  rate  of  increase  has  yari^'* 
in  each  decennial  period,  hetinr 
1811— 21,  when  it  wai- 
per  cent,  and  least  i' 
only  1*186  per  < 


period  there  was  hule  emigration,  and  the 
mortality  was  lower  than  ever  before  or 
since.  On  the  other  hand,  the  emigration 
from  theUnited  Kingdom  in  the  latter  period 
is  estimated  at  not  less  than  1,693,000. 

The  population  has  been  shown  to  have 
nearly  doubled  in  the  course  of  fifty  years. 
It  is  most  astonishing  that  the  resoarcea 
of  the  countr)-  have  at  all  kept  pace  with 
this  enormous  increase,  and  had  it  con- 
tinued at  the  same  rate  as  in  the  earlier 
part  of  the  century  the  pressure  would 
have  been  ver}-  severe.  But  the  recent 
amount  of  emigration  has  for  the  present 
removed  all  fear  of  over-population,  and 
at  this  time  our  numbers  are  even  dimi- 
nishing. It  is  only,  however,  within  the 
last  year  that  the  balance  has  been  turned^ 
and  we  see  no  occasion  to  fear  a  diminution 
to  more  than  a  beneficial  extent. 

The  amount  of  house  accommodation  at 
the  same  periods  was  as  follows  :  — 


Years. 


18U1 
1811 
1821 
1831 
1841 
1851 


Inhabited 


1^70,476 
2,101  ,.V.>7 
2,429.630 
2,850,9.17 


Families 


2,260,802 
2,:>44,2I5  ; 
3,941.383: 
3,414.17.'^ 


3,446,797  |(no  rctum») 
3,644,347  i       4,312,388 


Per5ons  to 
a  House. 


.>-6 
5-7 

.V7 
b'A 

.■i-7 


It  will  be  seen  that  the  increase  has  kept 
tolerably  even  pace  with  that  of  the  popu- 
lation. Some  improvement,  however,  which 
had  taken  place  between   1831  and  1841 
was  lost  in  the  succeeding  ten  years.    One 
of  the  great  wants  of  our  town  populations 
at  the  present  time  is  that  of  a  sufficient 
supply  of  dwellings  for  the  working-classes, 
and  we  much  regret  that  the  example  set 
by  the  Labourers'  Friend  Society  in  pro- 
viding such  habitations  on  a  large  sc^de, 
and  with  the  arrangements  absolutely  ne- 
cessary for  comfort  and  decency,  has  ifot 
been  followed  to  any  extent,  although  the 
returns  at  the  model  buildings  have  proved 
amply  remunerative.     Let  us  hope  that 
the  next  census  will  find  us  improved  in 
this  and  many  other  respects. 

The  Report  contains  several  maps  and 
diagrams  illustrating  the  distribution   of 
the  population.     In  the  two  shaded  maps 
prepared  by  Mr.  Petermann  a  general  view 
is  fpven  of  the  various  degrees  of  density 
of    population   throughout    England   and 
Scotland.    The  comparative  density  at  suc- 
cessive epochs  is   shown  by  diagrams,  by 
which  it  appears  that  the  present  average 
'tiou  of  England  and  Wales  is  about 
♦o  everv  two  acres,  and  that  if 
were  distributed  over  the 
lauices  fro  ^her 

yards 


1853.] 


MUcellaneoua  Reviews. 


61fii 


In  London  (he  mean  diiUnee  is  only  14 
yards,  and  the  space  to  each  peraoD  160 
square  yards. 

Oar  spice  bai  not  permilted  us  to  no- 
tice more  than  a  very  small  portion  of  the 
iatcrettiag  matter  caalained  in  the  Report, 
With  respect  to  Iha  tablei  Ihemielio,  no 
abstract  of  any  Talue  can  be  giTen  except 
at  aame  length.  We  hiTC  to  notice  a  T<ry 
creditable  attempt  to  compreia  tbe  inoK 
important  general  reanlts  into  an  8ro. 
pamphlet  of  .'i6  pages  by  Mr.  Edward 
Cheshire.  His  tables  are  well  selected, 
and  will  be  found  conntoient  for  reference 
when  details  are  not  required.  But  it 
must  not  be  supposed  that  mors  than  a 
proportionate  part  of  tbe  valuable  Infor- 
mation  containeil  in  tbe  Report  can  be 
given  in  a  few  pages,  and  it  is  to  the  Re- 
port itself,  with  its  accompanying  tables, 
that  we  mast  refer  our  readers  for  a  satis- 
factory view  ot  the  results  of  the  Census. 


ne  Lait  Fhtil  ff  an  Oid  Trtt.    Bg 

Walter  Savage  Landor. — Mr.  Landor  cin- 
nat  with  truth  be  contradicted  when  he 
&ays,  "  Inferior  in  eieentiDn  to  those  he 
has  already  set  brfore  the  public  will  per- 
baps  these  '  imaifinnry  conrcrsationB '  ap- 
pear; certainly,  for  the  most  part,  inferior 
■re  the  materials.  No  sculptor  can  irark 
la  sandstone  so  artiaticsUy  and  effectiiely 
as  in  alabaster  or  marble."  It  is  ao.  no 
doubt;  there  is  a  look  of  sameness  nhlch 
it  is  no  paradox  to  say  acta  as  a  reminder 
of  differences:  and  yet  let  us  not  be  mis- 
taken. Oar  friend's  face  is  always  wel- 
come, and  precious  are  these  utterances, 
thongb  we  miss  tbe  bale  tigarous  voice  of 
former  years.  Neither  can  we  expect  him 
to  be.  in  faaltt,  another  man  than  that 
which  he  has  been.  Surcasm,  and  exag- 
geration, and  an  occasioQjil  hitleroeas  of 
lone,  and  a  cleatiog  to  certain  notions  of 
technical  proprieties,  maintained  against 
custom  with  all  the  tenacity  of  a  martyr 
contending  for  hU  dearest  article  of  faith, — 
theoe  are  things  that  will  go  along  with  ■ 
retalnte,- original,  good  man  to  the  last. 
He  will  also  pick  and  choose  among  his 
faronrites,  literary,  pnlitioal,  or  other, 
those  men  or  women  who  are  the  most 
lilie  himself,  even  when  tbe;  bold  opinioiu 
not  at  all  conformable  to  bis  owa — because 
with  such  a  mind  the  principal  bund  of 
affinity  is  in  the  original  form  of  a  charac- 
ter, rather  than  in  the  gatherings  together 
of  certain  opinions,  and  the  course  It  may 
lake  iu  conformity  with  them.  Were  it 
not  so,  it  would  be  dilScult  to  (cconnt  for 
Mr.  Landor'i  perpetual  and  almost  unei- 
ceptiag  laudalioDS  of  Southcy,— in  which 
though,  to  a  very  large  extent,  we  are 
ready  to  join,  we  must  gtop  (ar  short  of 


his  weight  aai  meaau 
fact,  this  seems  to  us  a  noiatne  instance  u 
the  force  of  mere  sympathy.    Neither  Mr. 
Landor  nor  Mr.  Soutliey  have  ever  apared 
bitter   and  harsh   language  towards  their 
opponents,  literary,  polilicil,  or  rcligiouij 
and  when  the  former  asks,  with  regard  Ut 
Sontbey,  "  In  what  poet  of  the  last  ninef  1 
teen  centaries  is  there  less  contaminattcn  \ 
of   conceit.'    In    what    critic,    whi 
criticised  so  many,  lets  of  severity  i 
sumption?"   we  can   hardly  believe 
n-e  read  arighL     Most  asiuredlythe  „.  .. 
roiity,  the  integrity,   the   virtuous  self^  1 
denial,   and    untiring   industry    of   Mr.'  f 
Soulbey  are  beyond  all  praise ;  but,  nf  hto'  J 
Totuminona  writings,  how  small  a  part  wlB  1 
probably  keep  for  him  ■  station  at  i  " 
menaurste  with  that  which  be  o 
over  again  anticipated.    Look  at  the  swell*'' 
iog  wonla  with  which  Modoc  and  Thalab 
are  introduced:  can  any  now  be  founfi 
besides  Mr.  Landor,  to  acquit  tbe  wriU* 
of  overweening  self-conceit.'    lliiB,  ho<r'  I 
ever,  is  nothing  to  the  aaaumittioni  of  tJ(  ^ 

Bui  we  will  not  dwell  upon  what  tons  tp> 
pears  undue  partiality,  nor  will  we  quota 
Mr.  Landor's  unMud  and  unjust  Iangaag«  J 
towards  Lord  Brougham.   We  would  rather  f 
in  the  present  volume  note  tlioae  passag«j  J 
we  most  admire.     And  lint  and  best  per^  1 
baps   are   the    beaulfliil   thoughts,    moit 
beautifully  eipressed,  in  tbe  dialogue  with 
Archdeacon  Hsre.   That  on  the  Iwandary 
line  between  fancy  and  imaginatJon  is  one 
of  bis  happiest ;  and  infinitely  amusing  ore 
the    speculations  on  orthography.     As  ■ 
specimen  of  writing  perhaps  Hr.  Landor 
has  never  exceeded  the  letter  to  the  Rev. 
Cnthbert  Soulhey,   though  we  dissent  oa 
widely    from   bit   dispraise    as    from    bii 
praise.    There  i*,  we  are  compelled  li 
a  large  part  of  the  volume  not  very 
able,  and  a  good  deal  that  Is  dear  enoug 
devoted  to  abase  of  churches,  Eoglishii 
other.     Those  who  relish  such  fruit  m 
pluck  and  eat.     We  cannot, 

A  Peep  al  the  Pixiei.  By  Mrs. 
IISB  great  merit,  and  will  have  mi 
terested  readera.  It  will  not 
we  think,  by  pireots  in  the 
with  some  of  our  pleasant  fairy  (ales,  d 
with  llie  lively  German  popular  stories,  fd* 
tbe  lilies  are  mostly  conuerted  w  ■  — * 
spirits  rather  than  gotid,  and  their 


of  r 


of  the  farmer's  01.  The  stories  ■ 
lengthened  enongli  to  suit  the  intermediatt  ~ 
age  between  early  childhood  and  youth 
and  being,  as  they  are,  extremely  well  ra- 
lated,  we  fully  eiped  they  will  be  popular. 
Tlie  volume  is  sl«D  well  illuatratnl,  weU 


^i6 


iUan  '*%  *iie  -wvaui. 


F«:. — ^Tjxa.  rbonci  irejdy  ie- 


-r       i 


fee  viil  ■ceomotiili  Mfoe  fhr  fo^en 


I  vtL  '.  Imti. — A4  «s  are  Mid  3&  :&«  pre> 

«iE  iiia«U 


TtUtM.  Bf  Ckai'jayLWZ^ 


wxix  \  siuixt  ihttfTTT  df  Mr. 
boHBe  Tax  A£C  SM  & 

plaos  idiipced  ^  Mr.  Pte  u^i 


eke  tax  c  juftirssL:  pcnodis. 


AXTIQUARL\X  RESEARCHES. 


•ocirrr  or  AsrnacA&ixA. 

Ni09,  \  r.  TU«  Sicicittj  n-m^umhUd  for 
the  Stmiom^  aad  tW  nc^le  Presadem^  Lord 
VMe/^ftt  MaiMM,  took  t&e  cWir.  It  ra 
MiDO«&ced  tkat  the  collection  of  Ea^pwrctl 
PortnuU  belofMj^o;  to  the  Society  L^i  b«£a 
mmn^tsd  in  alphabetical  ord«^r  br  tlie  Trea- 
torer.  It  cofui*t«  of  mere  than  five  h«s- 
dred  portraitf  o(  Eon^iiah  fnbjectj  by  En^- 
liab  m%Tu^fr%,  tnclodiiif  many  mnoas  and 
rare  upenmeiia.  Williain  SaJt^  esq.  bad 
pretevted  t«o  Tolomea  of  ProcUmatioas, 
ORC  of  tbe  reifpk  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  aad 
tbe  otb/rr  of  tLat  of  Jamea  the  First.  Tbey 
were  a  confein(x>rary  collection  formed 
hj  Ham{Jirey  Djion,  and  are  of  con- 
•tderat/le  valoe.  O.  Smith,  esq.  presented 
ft  PrrM^Ufo'itioD  of  Qaeen  Anne,  15  June, 
1704,  relatiTe  to  Foreign  Coini  pasting  in 
tlMColoniea. 

0#or|e  OcUrtofl  Hoptooy  esq.  tnrgeoa. 


and  WilSam  Boyne,  esq.  verv  elected  F«}- 
lovf  of  cite  SocietT. 

C.  R.  Weid,  esq.  exliibiced  Sir  Mania 
Frotfcther's  arm-chair,  voich  he  k^  re- 
ceatiy  purchased.  It  crbsiaxlly  formed  a 
portioc  o^  Frobt«her*s  fumic^re  at  AIto<s 
Han,  aetr  WakedeU.  ^hL^  estate  ^in  his 
natire  coasts,  vas  cooferrsii  apca  him 
as  a  revard  for  h!s  «eTTic».  oa  tii  return 
from  his  third  Arccic  n>Tage  in  I^rS.  Tike 
chair  bean  this  in^criptioc. 

M.  rmrBi^Hza.  I^>0. 

Edward  Havkiass.  esq.  Keeper  of  the 
A&tiqcLti^s  ia  iLe  BhtUh  Mu^um.  e:x- 
hibitei  fix  M>-  ToIiiflTcs  co-i'.-iir.ia^  -.n  ao- 
cnrate  ace. one  ci  :Ii*  rt^.arcliji  \:ii  iLe 
Her.  Brian  Fia5*c.:,  «'2>  opened  about 
800  Anglo-SAXTQ  4:iTe^  la  «.  ^h:  or  nine 
parishes  in  Ket.:.  Tbe  xnii^aitjes  which 
were  exhof^  -rsened  in   the 

**  "^i^S^on,  near 


185:J.]  Antiijuarian 

C utile tbury,  wliicli,  since  [he  rtrent  drntli 
of  the  Ilr.v.  Godfr^  FiDnPtt,  D.U.  lins 
been  ofFerei)  to  tho  Britiih  Museum. 

J.  Y.  Ahennan,  enj.  Seeretirj,  read  n 
report  of  tiia  eicsiationt  inicle  by  him  in 
ihfl  Anglo'Suon  cemetFTj  at  Hsriihani 
Hill,  near  Salisbnrr,  of  irhich  irc  gave  a 
full  accouDt  in  oar  tait  Magaainp,  p.  51-1. 
Mr.  Akarman  made  ihe  remark  that  no 
IracM  of  cofflm  were  dlicovcrej,  but  tbo 
gr«Btirr  part  of  the  boiliei  were  proteeted 
bj  Urge  flint  atones  i  and  among  the  earth, 
in  immedigte  contaet  with  Che  remain i, 
were  fragmenta  of  Roman  or  Romaao- 
Briliab  potterf,  cridentlj  iharda  picked 
up  hj  the  waj'jfde,  and  not  broken  par' 
piHstilf .  Theao  ihard),  alrendj  nolieed  bj 
Engliih  aiid  b;  continenlal  antiquariea, 
k-ivc  brrn  auppoaed  to  ilinilnte  a  puia)^ 
in  Shikipcre  (Hamtet,  Act  v.  Seine  I.) 
The  writer  wai  for  a  long  time  diipoKd 
to  withhold  aiient  tn  Ihi*  eipianation,  bnt 
the  appearance  of  tlie  abariiii  fuand  in  ihe 
Hambani  graTei  leemi  to  irlllc  tlie  ques- 
tion, lince  tbe;  ara  all  worn  at  the  edgei, 
and  tiie  mnjor  part  belong  to  a  period 
antecedent  to  that  o(  lliese  intennenta. 

Mr.  Akerman  exhibited  a  Map  cf  a  eon- 
alderable  extent  of  land  in  the  valtrjr  of 
tbe  Avon,  reaching  A'oni  Britford  to  the 
western  end  of  the  counlf ,  nod  iacloding 
jicrhapa  with  Uarnham  many  place*  men- 
lioned  in  a  grant  of  Cenwealh,  Ihe  itcond 
Christian  King  of  the  Weal  Saxona,  to  the 
church  of  Wincbeater.  Aided  hy  Mr. 
Jonah  OoodwiiT,  of  Salitbnrjr,  he  liad  been 
enabled  to  identifjr  tlie  chief  localitisa  men- 
tioned  in  the  land  limita  apjiended  to  Ihe 
charter  in  quettion.  wliieli  wna  perhapa 
granlcd  in  or  abont  the  year  ti'16.  Tbia 
Charter  is  im]>ortBaI,  aa  probablf  deciding 
tba  latctl  |ierjud  of  ll>o  inlerments  at 
Harnhani,  allbough  it  mnil  be  borne  in 
mind  lliat  pagan  praclicei  lingered  among 
onr  Anglo-Saxon  Buceaturiafier  their  con- 

Thia  report  was  followcl  hj  one  from 
Dr.  "niuraam.  on  the  crania  of  tlie  ikclc- 
tona.  In  tbo  opinion  of  thia  gentleman 
the  aneioDt  inhabitant*  of  Hamham  were 
of  ■  hunfale  grade,  probablj  of  tbe  lower 
rank  of  tbe  ADglo-Saxon  fellleri  and 
cnncjoeron,   an  opioion  ntiieh  tbe 


dll.M 


red    . 


I    to 


Not.  3.  Hie  reception  of  a  copy  of  Ihe 
new  work  by  tbe  Rev.  H.  T.  Scarlli,  on 
tlie  Soman  Antiquiliea  of  Balb,  hnnng 
toggealed  for  conaideration  the  importance 
of  publiibing  cngratcd  eogiiea  of  the  io- 
•xrwwl  Ronnio  atone*  in  the  poueacion  of 
~~'"  I  molstloa  wu  paiKd  that 


sman  haling  offered 
his  nuistance  in  making  the  dtawingt. 

John  Clujlon,  eaq.  read  a  few  notes  of 
the   diainterment  of  tlie   remains  of  Ih* 
ilouiesteadi  CiUtetinm,  or  Mile  Castle, 
which  was  thns  notieed  by  Hodgson,  tba   I 
hittonan  of  Northumberland: — "  Under^  | 
Ihe  nortii  wall  of  Borcoiicus,  the  Hou*B<    ' 
■leads  crsgt  begin   to  rise  in  i 
])i!lnred  majesty,   and  to   tho  w 
crowned  witli  a  Caatellum,  tbe  n 
which,  and  of  the  Miiruf.  are  slitlTerf*! 
Intercaling.    At  ihe  fool  of  these  crtft  H»  | 
long  eolnnios  of  basalt,  which,  proUablf    f 
many  eenturles  since,  fell  from  their  ai ' 
and  some  of  them  woilhy  to  be  set  up 
inscribed  as  monuments."    The  writei 
ardent  admirer  of  the  beauties  of  Natnttr   j 
proceeds  to  enlarge  upon  tbe  natural  beaa-    J 
lies  of  Ihe  scene.     He  dcscribea  tbe  crafl 
of  this  district,  upon  the  top  of  which  tJ- 
Roman  Wall  mn>,  as  bearded  with  wild 
wood,  rowantree,  ferns,  bilberrj.and  heati 
and  their  heads  every  where  perfumed  with 
wild  thime,  and  garlanded  with  tha  inn- 
Bower  cistus. 

Tliere  are  amongst  as  those  who  cherith 
a  pleasing  recollei^on  of  the  amiabte 
aulhor,  and  who  delight  to  dwell  on  tb»  I 
mrmorj  of  his  gentle  nalure,  hit  timpls  I 
fnannem,  and  the  entboiiaim  of  hia  cb*- 
racter,  which  gometiraes  inspired  the  oM 
of  language  wliich  the  cold  in  blood  an 
disposed  ts  regard  as  extraiagsnt.  Thoee 
whose  fortune  it  has  been  to  wander 
throngh  this  solitude,  on  a  calm  and 
bright  day  of  Jnlj  or  Angust,  will  acknow- 
led^e  Ihe  iruth  of  Mr.  Hodgson's  descrip- 
tion of  Ihe  namra!  altrsclioos  of  the  sceua 
— which  hale  since  been  further  illostrated 
b;  the  pen  of  our  learned  and  eateemed 
colleague,  Dr.  Ilrncei  not  leas  dislinguiibed 
by  the  freahnesi  and  Tigour  than  for  the 
accuracy  of  his  deacriptions. 

This  Caslellum  stand*  320  rardt  wert 
of  tlie  western  gateway  of  the  station  of 
Borcoiicni  (measuring  nlong  tlie  military 
way)  ;  its  distance  from  tbe  Mite  Castle  to 
the  eaat,  near  the  Bnsy  Gap,  ii  somewhat 
less,  and  from  the  Mile  Castle  to  tbe  went 
in  the  Milking  Gap,  somewhat 
than  tbe  lunal  distance  of  a  thoiu 
man  iiaces.  Tbe  building  is,  like  tbe  rest 
of  the  mile  catties,  a  psrallelogratn,  baning 
it*  toulhem  comer*  rounded  oC  It  mea- 
sures inside,  from  east  to  weet,  bS  feetl 
and  from  north  to  sodtb,  M  feet 
■iona  Tcry  macb  the  same  at  those  of  tht 
Cawfielda  Mite  Castle.  In  ' 
wall  there  are  ill  conrte*  of  atones  stand- 
ing; and  in  the  Muraa,  which  is  its  north- 
ern watli  and  which  stands  H  feet  high, 
no  le**  than  thirteen  oonne*. 


■t 

h,  I 


61^ 


A'l  •- .  •! .;   -a*  /^-i-f'.j  ■:ii<4 


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AKliquariatt  Rntarehei. 


Atu.  ii  touth  of  all  (he  Cutra,  ind  could 
not  hne  wpBrated  Ibemfram  the  Britona; 
Bad  we  find  wilUn  ifacwiUaorBorcotieni, 
one  of  the  strongMt  forlreMM  nipporting 
llie  Wall,  and  evidently  contcmporaneaui 
witli  it,  thia  coin  of  Commodm  tntit  from 
the  Mint,  whiclimnil  hare  been  depoiitcil 
in  the  place  inwhicb  it  wai  round  I  quarter 
ofa  cenlary  before  the  expedition  of  the 
BmpeiDT Se*erai into  Britain.  Theground 
□n  which  we  tread  in  the  rannl  diitrict  ii 
pre|:nant  wiMi  eTidence  of  the  eii«lenoe  of 
the  Honu  aod  it>  aupporling  ■tationi 
anterior  to  tlie  reign  of  Severui ;  aiid  the 
time  appronchea  wben  ail  will  admit  the 
truth  of  the  propnuiion  originated  bf  Mr. 
Hodgaon,  and  ably  and  aucceaafnllr  main- 
tained hr  Dr.  Bruce,  iliat  lladiua  built 
the  Wall. 

Mr.  H.  G.  Poltpr  allied  Mr.  Clayton  if 
he  Iiad  found  any  tmitiairw  before  ?  Mr. 
Clayton  replied  in  the  negitiTe.  He  had 
fooud  lenril  at  tbii  place,  and  the  hey- 
rtono  of  the  arch. 


s  gone  by, I 


Sooirty  w»»  bela  at  Nori 
Rev.  Lord  Alwyne  Camptoi 
who,  in  introdudiig  the  burioeu  of  the 
meeting,  atated  that  Lord  Oieratone  and 
Mr.  Rainald  Knlghtley,  M.P.  bad  become 
memben  of  the  Society,  and  it  waa  prQ> 
paied  by  the  Coramittee  that  Ihia  meeting 
abould  elect  them  Vice-Presidents,  which 
w>9  done  accordingly.  The  Committee 
were  re-elected.  His  Lordihtp  also  atated 
that,  lioce  their  laat  meeting,  a  curator  of 
their  museum  had  been  appolntfld.  The 
RcT.  Thos.  Jt,mtf.  the  Secretary,  read  the 
report,  which  enumerated  rariou*  resto- 
ration}, eflerled,  in  progreaa,  and  con- 
templated, Harlettou  Church  ja  being 
reaealed,  and  the  chancvl  reatored,  after 
doigna  by  Mr.  Scott.  Tjsoe  and  War- 
minglon  are  to  be  mealed  by  the  aame 
architect.  Plana  had  been  laid  before 
them  for  reaealing  Caalle  Aabby,  a1ao  hjr 
Mr.  Seolt.  The  plan*  for  reatoring  Handle 
church  bad  been  abandoned,  and  the  large 
tarn  niaed  for  the  purpose  had  been  le- 
tlnrad  to  the  aubifribera.  It  was  to  be 
hoped  that  thia  fine  church  would  some 
time  or  other  be  pal  Into  a  proper  con- 
dition ;  but,  meanlime,  it  waa  better  to  do 
nothing  than  not  to  do  it  properly.  The 
church  of  Weldon  had  been  almoat 
liniihed  by  Mr.  BUter.  How  far  it  was 
eipedient  to  giie  a  more  ecdniastical 
ebaracler  to  the  lantern  had  not  been 
(tetenoiued  ;  but  that  thia  cdfIoub  feature 
(honld  be  prcMrred  there  could  be  no 
donbl :  although  ita  old  oh  aa  a  land-mark 
'   Aw  Inrellan  tfaraagh  Rockin|hBm  Foreal 


VR«,  at  leaat,  inlereating 
99  a  iime-marK.  Little  Gidding  had  been 
thoroughly  completed.  Barnack  was  about 
to  be  reseated  and  repaired,  but  not  a 
■tone  of  the  old  Saxon  work  wonld  he 
injured.  The  ebaneel  of  Barnwell  had 
been  refitted  by  Mr.  Scott,  that  of  Win- 
wick  by  Mr.  Law.  and  (hat  of  Wilby  by 
Mr.  Saltin.  Exton  had  been  r«(or«d  by 
Mr.  PearioB,  of  London.  Adverting  to 
St.  Gilec'a  church.  Northampton,  Mr. 
Jamei  stated  that  he  need  not  reopen  Iha 
diacuuion  which  had  arisen  on  the  anbjeet 
of  the  alterations  going  on.  but  he  wa« 
quite  ready  to  reaeaert  the  principle  upon* 
which  llie  Society  had  glren  V 
to  the  work.  While  they  were  careful  not 
needlesily  to  destroy  auythinr  that  nn 
worthy  of  preaervation,  they  were  yel 
bound  to  Bccommodale  the  church  to  the 
wants  and  the  apirit  of  the  timet,  and  (hit 
waa  not  to  be  done  in  a  cheap  and  elonuy 
maoner,  but  in  the  apirit  of  the  chureh- 
buildera  of  old,  who  added  to  the  fabric 

accommodatlDn  of  tlie  parish.  He  ahonhl 
be  willing,  indeed,  to  rest  the  superior 
claim  of  Gothic  architecture  upon  its  capa- 
bility of  recoiling  additions  ai  they  might 
be  needed.  K  mora  terioui  caae  wu  that 
of  tbe  church  of  St.  Sepulchre,  which, 
although  a  large  sum  had  been  aubscribed, 
was  still  without  aafficient  funds  for  the 
contemplated  improremenli.  It  seemed 
imposiible  for  a  cbnrcb  to  put  forward 
atranger  claims.  St.  Mary'*,  Stamford, 
had  been  completed,  and  the  improTC- 
meuti  certainly  ware  lery  great,  but  he 
must  proleat  against  tbe  benches  with 
sloping  backs,  and  plllsra  painted  and 
■uiiird  oTer.  There  could  be  no  doubt  of 
the  ankward  effect.  arohitectnraUy,  of  tbe 
Blaping  bsuka  ;  and  it  was  a  miftoke  to 
Buppoae  them  more  camfurtable  than  op- 
right  backa,  because,  if  the  seats  wero 
wide  enough,  people  were  sure  to  ait  ac- 
cording to  tbe  angle  moat  agreeable  to 
them.  Mr.  Jamea  added  that  be  hoped 
to  lay  before  the  next  committee  plana 
for  such  alteratlonf  in  his  own  chun:h  at 
Theddingworlh  as  shonlJ  at  lenit  make  il, 
not  a  model  church,  but  one  which  tbe 
secretary  of  an  architectural  soriety  need 
not  ha  ashamed  of.  which  he  certainly  waa 
■I  present.  The  rev.  gentleman  then  de> 
acribeil  the  procerdinga  of  the  .Sooietj 
archieologicatly :  Sir  Henry  Drrden,  at 
the  Tcqueat  of  the  Society,  had  undertakot 
to  mskc  careful  ]i)ans  of  Ca<tle  Hill. 
which  was  threatened  with  demolition  by 
the  railway  i  Mr.  De  Sautmam  faad  jiro- 
mieed  to  watch  the  ei«atation*  for  any 
remain*  that  might  turn  up.  The  lihnti]) 
of  the  Society  bad  rcetived  a  Talnable 
addition  of  one  hundred  tolumea,  on  archi- 


Antiquarian  Jteseatxhes. 


CDec 


tectaml  lad  other  kindred  subjenU,  from 
Lord  Spencer. 

The  Dean  of  FeteiborougU.  in  maviag 

tbe  (dopllon  oftbe  report,  wid  it  wbm  but 

■imple  justice  to  the  late  dean  (Dr.  Butlcrj 

to  uj  that  the  iiDprOTemenls  in  the  cbair 

Ot  Pcterhorough  Cnlhedral  had  origimCed 

F  with  him.     During  his  long  illncis  he  b»d 

.OOcupied  liinii«lf  in  n  cueful  translation 

of  the   Lttin  Stmalea  into  EogliBh,  and 

I  to  the  coane  oF   that  tusk   lie  became 

r  jMronglj  aware  of  tbe  duty  of  earr;ing  out 

the  ebaral  tervice.     The  Oean  added  ihul 

I '  ke  waa  mocC  aniioni  to  throv  o|>Bn  the 

I   athedral  to  the  public,  uid  be  irai  uiaking 

I  preparatiaiu  to  that  eSect. 
'  '  The  ReT.  C.  H.  Hartihome  then  read 
k'  B  paper  on  a  remarkable  ilrooghold  of 
L  very  remote  anliquil?  in  one  of  the  Isles 
of  Arran,  at  (he  mouth  of  the  llaj  of 
f  Galway,  called  Dune  AengDS.  The  iiland 
h  for  the  must  part  a  bare  and  oapra- 
duclife  rock,  paved,  as  it  were,  with  alabs 
'  of  splinterj  limestone,  irith  wide  and  fre- 
quent fissures,  through  which  gnu  gf'ow* 
lolariantlf.  In  aome  parts  tbe  coaiit  liue 
U  300  feet  high.  The  flooring  i>  ex- 
tremely alippery,  and  ia,  in  wet  weather, 
impossible  to  be  trodden  by  ordinary  ahoei. 
Tbe  Arranile*  wear  tandals  of  an  exceed- 
inglji  primitiie  kind,  being  luade  of  cow- 
hide with  tbe  hair  lelt  on,  tad  bound  on 
the  foot  with  whipcord,  lu  this,  i»  well 
*•  in  their  biuiti,  which  reiemble  the 
ooncles  on  the  Dee,  tbe  Wye,  and  the 
Bercrn,  although  much  larger,  traces  are 
obaervable  of  an  anaient  race.  These  vea- 
wll  are  eight  feet  loog.  ujaare  at  itne  end 
and  pohitnl  at  the  other,  and  lUe  Arraailt's 
erou  OTer  to  tbe  mala  land  in  tafely  in 
Ibem,  when  the  turbulent  ilile  of  the  aea 
reodcTi  ail  otliar  lestela  uaeleu.  Mr. 
Hartibome  described  the  atronghold  of 
Arran  ai  one  of  tbe  most  magniliceal  bar- 
baric monumenli  in  Ennipe.  It  ii  a  cir- 
cular piLi  of  doik  grey  muoory,  the  walls 
being  Hfty  feet  high  and  twenty  in  thick- 
ness, and  ai  a  work  of  dry  maaonry  quite 
nnequalled.  The  portal  is  four  feet  wide 
•nd  three  feet  six  iaclioa  high,  with  a  head- 
ing formed  of  a  huge  monolith.  It  ia  aor- 
rotuided  by  ■  gUdi,  two  ditchei,  two  nalbi, 
tod,  taaliy,  by  •  cbevaox-de-frize  of  np- 
right  limestooes.  Mr.  Uartahome  dit- 
oined  nt  aome  length  and  with  muck 
■Ulity  tlie  tarious  conjectures  as  to  the 
origin  of  tbia  and  similar  mouument*i  ar- 
liiing  at  the  uoocluston  that  Ibcy  were 
defences  rouud  aiciwl  buildinn. 

Sir  Henry  Dryilen  said  he  ^ould  aouc 
day,  perhaps,  produce  plans  of  maaaasnta 
in  the  north  of  Scotland  and  in  Mliutknd, 
which  t  ■Ithougb  ther  ptcsaoted  tome 
ladieal  diflatcDcra,  bad  tome  ndical  ilmi- 
lirilki  alw. 


Rev.  A.  G.  Foolc  then  read  ■  paper  «n 
Cathedral    Derangement*,    regariting    the 

subject  iu  an  trtUtic  view. 


ia&3. 

The  late  Industrial  Eibibilion  of  Dublin 
possessed,  as  our  readers  are  awar*.  two 
striking  peculiaritira  whioh  dittingniabed 
it  rrom  that  of  Hyde  Park,  namely,  •  fine 
enllcction  of  Ancient  and  Modern  Paiot- 
inga,  and  a  Muaeom  of  Irish  Antiigwltca 
of  great  extent,  originalcd  by  llie  nal 
and  energies  of  I-ord  Talbot  de  Malahids, 
and  to  which  all  tbe  ehtef  locnt  collectiou 
contribnted. 

Tlie  apartment  in  which  the  antiqnitie* 
were  cihibiled  vas  on  the  aunth  aide  of 
the  building,  and  ot  oblong  form,  kboat 
tM  yards  long  and  10  wide.  Ail  andeM 
architeclDral  cbaracler  waa  imparled  la  it 
by  the  introduction  of  casts  of  p<irti<in*  of 
Bumeof  the  most  singular  religiom  rililVsw 
in  the  counlty.  I'he  aprtment  WM 
divided  as  into  a  nave  and  cb*Doel,  h^  the 
sii-times-reeesaed  chancel-arch  ot  iSutai, 
with  its  strange  Bgyptiau-like  scalptMre*  ; 
and  (he  eait  end  inu  lighted  by  tlie  tkna 
curiously  ornamented  round-headed  wia> 
ilows  from  the  aanie  baildiog.  The  tisree 
cntrancea  were  cut*  of  cuiioualy  ctTNd 
and  inscribed  doorways  of  ancieutchun^«s, 
and  over  the  west  door  was  iniart«d  Uo 
circular  window,  atslgned  tu  Uie  dgktk 
century,  from  Rahsn  Church,  BgarM  la 
Felrie's  Ugund  Tower),  p.  ^41.  Iu  aidi- 
tion  to  tbcie  catts.  the  Vine  Art*  Cobs. 
mitlee  also  obtained  costs  of  llio  two 
great  craurs  from  Monastciboicr,  u  wall 
as  Ibe  uriginata  of  four  other  carloiMly 
carved  atuoe  crosses  from  oilier  pirU  of 
li«Und  — lh»t  from  Tuam  being  Motw 
than  twenty  feet  high.  These  trotmm 
were  placed  near  the  entranee  of  Um 
great  eenlral  ball,  and  iu  the  Fino  AtU 
Uallery  were  alto  casts  of  a  nnnbar  o( 


tuurteeutb,  fifteenth,  and  aiileeutli  ooa- 
lariet.  Iu  tbe  smalt  model-mooi  wu  ■■ 
eitensite  aerlea  of  rubbings  of  *epukki«l 
brasses  (chicQy  English),  and  an  liitsial 
iiig  collection  of  Small  madela  of  vartiNM 
ruined  cItU  and  religious  eJilleoa,  ro«Ml 
towen,  and  croaae*  in  Ireland. 


Irish      Aeaileuy,      Tbe     Royal 
Society  and  the  colUt'tion  of  Dr.  F 
also  funiisbed  must  valuiblc  mstarlai 
well  as  Iboae  ot  many  other  wall-kl 
collect  ora. 

Down  th*  middle  of  the  aparloicait 
ran^nl  a  aariot  of  glased 


1853.] 


Antiquarian  Jtetearches. 


ing  the  Hold  loriiuea  from  Sherwooil  Pgrctt, 
exiiiliilecl  by  the  Uueen,  anJ  Uie  goid 
iDliijuitiel  bBloDging  ta  tbe  Rofnl  lr»lt 
Acideuijand  topniitu  iodiTidual*.  TheM 
CDDHigteJ  of  torqiifs,  brace  leU.  ringi. 
butiv,  boxes,  iisa,  >uil  other  onumeati, 
incluiliiiB  many  of  Uie  duuble-diskecl  ob- 
JBcrs  pmnliiir  to  liclaod.  of  which  the  uw 
ii  not  known.  The  gold  of  whjah  thew 
oraumenU  ire  compoMd  u  Tcry  lich  in 
colour,  and  mudt  have  been  found  in  early 
time*  in  great  cjuantlly — one  of  the  torque* 
wrighlog  u  much  tt  ti7i  ODDcea,  ind  one 
oflho  bracelets  a»rly  17  onncei. 

SoTtral  upright  glut  cue*  contuncd 
■  Tiriely  of  ecc]eil»9tical  reliua,  in  the 
lirccloui  nictali,  uf  ex  Era  ordinary  lotcreit, 
■9  the  date*  of  many  of  Ihem  arc  well 
ascxrl  lined.  Among  them  were  the 
Croiis  of  Cong,  of  the  early  part  of  the 
twelfth  century,  remarkable  for  the  elabo- 
rile  intricacy  of  it*  wurkininship  and  the 
iuBCtitilinna  on  it*  edges ;  acTcral  highly 
enriched  Comhdiioli*,  or  lilver  and  jewelled 
cute*  of  manuicript*  of  the  Go>|<eli ;  and 
M,  number  of  tbe  equally  enriched  hand- 
belli  of  the  early  Irlth  njiiu,  irhich  in  later 
agiB  were  held  in  great  veneration,  and 
U*i!d  far  the  adminittration  of  oalha.  Of 
llw  luClcr,  the  bell  of  St.  Palriok,  belonging 
to  Ibe  Rcr.  Dr.  Todd,  i*  by  far  the  moat 
f  plendid  i  although  tbe  gultku  boll  of  St. 
S<nan  i*  perhip*  uf  equal  inlcre«t,  from  iti 
varioo*  cotcri  cihibiliog  diSerent  etjlea 
of  work  froni  au  early  iMriud  to  tLe  four- 
teenth century.  Here  woreabo— the  Book 
of  Aruwgh,  now  llio  property  of  the  Rct. 
Wni.  Reeie*.  written  a.d.  m,  by  Frrdom- 
UHcIi,  previKly  in  the  atyle  of  the  Goapeli 
of  Uau  Dumaa,  iu  liie  library  of  Lam- 
beth, with  it*  nry  remarkable  leather 
oorer ;  ■  copy  of  the  Pealma,  of  atill 
greater  aaliquily,  atcribed  to  St.  Co- 
lumba ;  and  the  Domntch  Airgid,  ■  beau- 
tiful *iUer  ibiine,  contuinlug  n  Tcry  early 
copy  of  the  Guipeli,  in  the  tame  fiuu  *ljle 
of  wntiog  a*  the  famoui  Uook  of  KclU. 
Tbe  large  ilirlne  of  St.  Mancbau,  covered 
with  boaae*  uf  the  uioit  intricate  work- 
maiiahip,*nd  with  boibII  copper- gill  figoru, 
waa  accompanied  by  a  reatored  copy,  eie- 
coted  with  surpriiiug  akill  by  Dr.  Carte; 
the  Reliquary  at  Su  Lachtin,  of  the  *iae 
and  ihape  of  a  hamno  arm,  covered  with 
elabonle  cbaiing,  belonging  to  Andrew 
FouDtaine.  otq.  of  Narford  Hall,  Norfolk  ; 
the  Shrine  of  St.  Patrick'*  Uaiul ;  tbe 
Uanvegan  Cup,  belonging  lt>  the  MacLeod, 
of  MacLeod  ;  the  Tara  itrooch,  (he  moat 
cxquliile  of  ila  kind,  and  which  hai  been 
aduiirnbly  reproduced  by  Meiara.  Water- 
bouae;  and  Uatly,  tbe  tet  of  Waxed 
Tablet*,  the  pmiwrly  uf  the  Rojal  Irish 
f  —  J— J,  f(iundiniboguearMBgl>eRi,ca. 
Dot;,  iiucribed  with   Latin  tcnleitcea, 


and  deuribed  hy  Dr.  Todd  in  the  Transafr- 
tiona  of  the  Royal  Iriah  Academy. 
In  scleral  adjoiuii 


i  of    > 


eoamelled  work*  of  great  auliquily,  con- 
tributed chiefly  by  tlie  Academy  and  by 
Dr.  Petrie,  including  a  number  of  more 
or  let*  perfect  pastoral  slaves  of  the  early 
form,  aome  at  which  are  a*  elaborately 
executed  aj  the  finett  brooches.  Of  theae 
tbe  largest  is  that  of  C'ardinal  Wiiemso, 
which  wa*  exhibited  in  tbe  Mediaeval 
Museum  at  tlie  Society  of  ArEa  in  1851, 
Sereral  small  chased  and  enamelled  ihrinei 
were  alio  contained  in  Ihii  part  of  tba 
collection;  one  of  which,  belouging  (o  Or. 
Petrie,  is  enriched  with  i  aeris*  of  imall 
ligilrei  of  sainti  of  very  delicate  workman- 
■hip.  )Ierc  were  alio  a  large  collectiiM 
of  the  Iriah  brooches,  totuo  lieins  three 
or  four  inche*  in  diameter,  with  the  pioi 
from  ail  to  ten  inches  lung.  Many  of 
these  are  eilremely  beautiful  id  their 
execution  i  and  some  with  large  knob*. 
rescmbliug  irhutu*  berries,  appear  to  ban 
offered  much  difficulty  in  Ibeir  manufic- 
lure.  Molt  of  these  brooches  are  of  a 
type  quite  unlike  that  of  the  early  British 
or  Anglo-Saxon  ones  ;  and  they  are,  for 
the  matt  part,  ornamented  wilb  intricMa 
interbced  patterns  similar  to  those  On  the 
crostei  and  in  Ibe  early  Ulumiaated  nuan- 
scripti  of  Ireland.  Around  tlie  room, 
arranged  in  eighty-eight  tray*,  waa  iha 
genemt  collection  of  atone,  iron,  bronie, 
and  other  ailiolci  belonging  to  Ibe  Aca- 
demy :  consisting  of  flint  arron-heads, 
celta,  hammers,  knivei,  dsggera,  swords, 
hatcheti,  apears,  tiumpeta,  huid-bella, 
rings,  hone  furniture,  &c.  In  other  eases 
were  arranged  mouy  valuable  objecli  i 
such  OS,  the  Limerick  mitre  and  croner, 
the  Utter  beiag  a  foroiidable  rival  of  that 
of  William  of  Wyckham  \  tbe  epiaeopil 
veatnieut*  discovered  in  a  brickod-up  re- 
cess in  the  church  of  St.  NichoUi,  Galway ; 
and  a  number  of  Jri>b  harps,  commencing 
with  that  of  Uriun  Botoimbe  and  the  Re- 
gina  Cithararum,  both  carefully  restored 
bj  Dr.  Ball.  There  was  also  a  curioua 
seriet  of  caricd  stones,  and  casts  of  other* 
inscribed  with  the  Ogham  diaracler*, 
which  have  been  recently  so  ably  investi- 
gsted  by  Dr.  Charles  Graves,  who  baa 
prated  them  to  be  anologoui  (o  the  Runic 
letters. 

There  were  also  exhibited  various  tpeei- 
mcns  of  Irish  Jewellery-work  of  the  Be< 
nsissancc  period,  of  great  btaoty  ;  and  ■ 
numberof  personal  relidofcomparatiTelii  I 
modem  timet,  the'majorityof whieb,lunr> 
ever,  bad  ao  Irish  Interest,  althoueb  soma 
are  eridently  of  continental  mauufacturc. 
Several  caned  horns  of  tonnro  were  et- 
hibitcil  -,  and  one  cbotman,  a  queco.  In 


e« 


foreign  Nnn. 


[Dee. 


Dr.  Petm'f  eoDeetion,  wlikb  appcvi  to 
be  identical  in  iU  vorkmrniuhip  and  de- 
rifn  with  the  Lewis  chessmen  in  the 
British  Maseom. 

Whilst  the  esrlier  relict  exhibited  pos- 
wtm  ^trj  frcmt  saslogy,  and  eren  identity, 
with  those  of  the  Gdtic  population  of 
England,  a  totally  different  style  of  art  is 
apparent  at  a  later  period,  coeral  with  the 
Christianity  of  Ireland ;  and  among  the 
relies  of  this  later  period,  e&tending  from 
the  sixth  to  the  twelfth  eentnry.  are  found 
■ome  of  the  most  elaborately  finished 
nwtal.worh  obiects,  often  decorated  with 
crystal  and  precious  itones,  and  of  a  cha* 
meter  V^Avt  unlike  that  of  any  other  na- 
tioD.  Uoring  this  period  the  arts  must 
have  flourished  in  Ireland  in  a  wonderful 
r.* 


roRKAHinn  AicriQUAniAS  club. 
Oct,  96.  The  secretary  gave  an  ac- 
ooont  of  recent  excarations  of  barrows  at 
Aldrow,  near  Birdsall,  situated  at  an  ela- 
vition  of  800  feet  abore  the  lerel  of  the 
•ea.  The  table-land,  on  which  the  tumuli 
an  placed,  is  surrounded  by  a  doable 


dyke,  haring .  at  the  north-west  corver,  a 
large  mound,  or  **  rath.*'  from  whidi  the 
eab^enchment  i»  continued  towards  Acklam 
Wold.  Pour  of  the  tumuli  were  excaTnted 
on  this  occasion.  One  had  been  opeewd 
before :  the  othen  were  composed  of  the 
chalk  nibble  of  the  di«triet,  mixed  with 
layers  of  blue  clay.  In  the  barrow  ai- 
tuted  most  easterly,  aboat  two  feet  from 
the  surface,  was  found  a  remarkably  fine 
specimen  of  the  British  urn  ;  it  was  rather 
flat,  capable  of  containing  about  two  pints, 
furnished  at  the  sides  with  deprensioos 
and  projecting  bos«es.  and  impressed  on 
the  sides  and  rims  with  the  strle  and  or- 

m 

namentation  found  in  relics  at  this  petiodL 
In  the  next  tumulus,  about  the  IctcI  of 
the  natural  soil,  a  small  cairn  was  met 
with,  composed  of  flat  stones :  it  was 
followed  for  some  distance,  but  nothini^ 
further  was  discovered.  All  the  tumult 
contained  more  or  less  eridence  of  in- 
cinerstion,  shown  by  the  presence  of  oak 
charcoal  and  bomt  bones.  The  bones 
found  were  humao,  and  those  of  the  hoTK, 
and  a  few  of  birds. 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


Hostilities  bare  actively  commenced  be- 
tween RMitim  and  T^rkef,  The  Turkish 
anny  attempted  to  cross  the  Danube  in 
several  places  with  various  success  about 
the  end  of  October,  the  principal  points 
being  Widdio,  Giorgevo,  and  Oltenitxa. 
At  Widdin  they  appear  to  have  crossed 
without  resistance,  and  to  have  established 
themselves  st  Kalafat,  on  the  opposite 
bank.  At  Giorgevo  they  met  with  oppo- 
sition, and  though  they  obtained  possession 
of  an  island  in  the  river  they  do  not  seem 
to  have  been  able  to  secure  a  footing  on 
the  Wallachian  side.  At  Oltenitxa  they 
crossed  without  opposition,  and  entrenched 
themselves  on  the  left  bsnk  to  tlie  number 
of  9,000  men.    They  were  attacked  on  the 

*  We  are  indebted  to  the  Athenaeum  for 
this  review  of  the  Antiquities  collected  at 
Dublin,  which  we  have  partially  com- 
pressed and  corrected  in  some  particulars. 
We  have  seen  some  very  besutiful  photo- 
graphs of  the  principal  antiquities  executed 
by  Mr.  Delamotte  for  the  Rev.  Qiarles 
Qraves,  who  proposes  to  publish  a  series 
ofthem.— JStftff. 


4th  of  November  by  about  the  same  num- 
ber of  Ra58ians,  whom  they  repulsed  after 
a  severe  struggle.  The  Russians  lost  14 
superior  officers  and  13G  men  killed,  and 
S4  officers  and  476  rank  and  file  wounded. 
Another  account  gives  the  loss  at  \200 
killed  and  wounded.  The  loss  of  the  Tnrka 
is  not  known.  The  Urge  number  of  killed 
and  wounded  among  the  Russiiins  is  owing 
to  the  excellence  of  the  Turkish  Chasseurs, 
a  corps  modelled  on  the  French  Chasseurs 
de  Vincennes.  On  the  13th  the  Turks, 
being  threatened  by  a  much  superior  force, 
withdrew  in  good  order  across  the  Danube 
without  being  attacked. 

It  is  believed  that  the  force  at  present 
assembled  under  Prince  GortschakoflT  in 
Wallachia  does  not  exceed  50,000  men. 
An  equal  number  under  General  Osten 
Sacken  is  said  to  have  crossed  the  Pruth 
on  their  way  to  reinforce  the  Russians  on 
the  Sod  and  3rd  of  November. 

Prince  Gortschakuff  has  proclaimed  uinr- 
tial  law  in  Wallachia,  and  executions  are 
reported  to  be  frequent.  The  Ilospodar 
Prince  Demetrius  Stirbeg  has  withdrawa 
to  Paris.    Many  of  the  Boyards  have  also 


emigratcil.  Prlaci:  Gliika.  Uoapodar  or 
Molilavia.  hs!  mlened  bis  faactiona  to 
a  fouacil  of  admin  litration,  and  goae  to 


Viei 


In 


1  Sclim 


I  Picha  hu  crotted  tlie 
Ruitiim  rronlier,  nnd  ■  rooHict  has  taken 
place  at  Batoonii  Id  which  the  Rusiiana 
were  defealed.  They  are  anid  to  haie  loal 
600  hillod  and  woandnl,  M4  prisonrn. 
■ad  two  pif CO  of  nrtillcry,  The  Ruaiiaui 
retreated  to  Chevkedv.  The  town  and  fbrt 
at  thia  place  wen  alio  captured  hy  the 
Tnrlia  od  (he  °8tli  October.  The  fort 
coDlained  SODO  niuskeli,  foar  cannon,  and 
a  (reat  riuanllty  of  amnianitiou. 

The  Turkiih  fleet  hm  aJiinccJ  into  the 
Black  Sea.  Tvo  Engliah  and  French  vh- 
scls  SIC  at  anchor  in  ihe  port  of  Constan- 
lincple,  and  the  Admirili  hsre  landed, 
A  Rufsian  teasel  of  war  had  gone  aahore 
at  Iregri  on  Che  Black  Sea,  and  waa  cap- 
tured by  a  Torkiah  oniiier. 

On  the  Ut  of  Nov.  the  Emperor  of 
Raiiia  nabliahed  a  mtoireslo,  in  which  he 
■talc*  thafnothiagiitefttaRDiaiabnt  10 
bnve  recoorte  to  force  of  irnis,  in  order  to 
compel  the  Ottomau  Porte  to  respect  the 
trealiea.  The  Rnssian  anna  mnat  oow 
(lact  eatiafactiouforlhe  iiiaulta  with  which 
Turkrjr  replied  lo  the  Cior's  mo>t  mode- 
rate demands,  and  hii  loyal  aolicilude  for 
the  defence  of  the  arlhodoi  Church  in  the 
EaaL"  A  circular  haa  alao  been  addreaacd 
to  the  Courts  of  Europe  by  Prince  Nes- 
irlrode,  but  in  a  much  le^  arrogant  tone. 
He  declares  that  the  Emperor  la  still  dli- 
potcd  for  peace,  prorided  his"jnBt  de- 
manda''  ore  latiafied. 

Auilria.—On  lhel7tbof  Nor.llieDukc 
de  Neoioun  paid  a  titit  to  the  Count  dc 
Chambord  at  FrohadorT.  The  riiil  wa* 
□nc  of  reconciliation  between  the  two 
branches  of  Ihe  Duurbon  family,  and  as 
the  eign  of  the  fosion  of  Ihe  LegitimUt 
and  Orleaniat  parllcL 

Gensral  Prince  Jabloaaki  ia  appointed 
commander-in-chief  o(  the  Autitrian  forcei, 
in  place  of  Prince  Lichlenslefo,  nho  haa 
been  traniferred  to  the  command  at  Verona. 
The  Aoatrian  army  of  obwriatlDn  on  the 
Senian  frontier  coosiata  of  40,000  men. 

SeriouB  differences  haie  arisen  between 
the  Civil  and  Ecclesiastical  auCboriliea  in 
Baden,  The  Archhiahop  of  Fribourg  haa 
eicoDmunicated  the  membett  of  the  Ca- 
tholic Kecleaiaatical  Council,  while  the 
Grand  Duke  ha*  altaebed  to  that  prelate 
a  commiaaioner,  without  whoae  lignahire 
no  decree  uf  the  Arnhbishop  will  be  re- 
cognised.  A  prieat  haa  been  imprisoned 
for   publicly   rending  Ihe 


lion. 


charged  at  tbu   land  frontiers.      Twenty 
persona  have  been  tried  fur  a  conepiracy  to 
oainasinate   the    Emperor.       Seved   wi 
itctiuilled,  and  the  olhera  condemned 
Tnrioua  periods  of  delcntion. ' 
or  lianaportalioD. 

Parlagai.—Tbc  Queen  Donna  Maria 
died  in  childbiM}  on  the  15th  of  November. 
The  government  nas  immediately  aaaumed 
by  her  Laibnnil  King  Ferdinand  aa  R«gent 
for  his  son  Dom  Pedro  Alcantara,  who  ii 
in  hi*  scTenfecnth  year.  Fears 
tnincd  that  the  opportunity  might  be  seited 
by  Dom  Miguel  to  attempt  a  Revolation 
in  his  own  fnvoar,  but  Lisbon  faaa  been  aa 
yet  undisturbed.  The  funeral  of  the  late 
Queen  wua  to  lake  place  on  the  19th. 

Spain. — Marshal  Narvart  haa  returned 
to  Madrid,  and  wus  received  by  the  Qaeea 
and  King  on  the  Blh  of  Nov.  lie  pro- 
cceiied  next  day  lo  Aranjucji, 

The  news  from  Barmah  la  of  a  rery  un- 
astisfactory  charactrr.  Our  troops  are 
anrrouDded,  and,  with  the  single  eiception 
of  Basiein,  the  whole  of  oar  new  provineea 
are  in  poasession  of  tbe  enemy.  The  Bur- 
mese Iiave  two  principal  chiefs:  the  fh- 
mans  Mes-toou,  said  lo  be  in  the  imiue- 
diate  oommand  of  between  4,000  and  5,000 
ffleni  and  Moung  Young-gye.  repurted 
to  have  6,000  tollowen  under  him.  These 
two  chiefs  are  said  to  be,  with  their 
1 1 ,000  folloirera,  within  foor  days'  march 
of  Rangoon ;  whilst  to  defend  that  eiten- 
sive  position  we  have  only  800  fightinj- 
men  available. 

Hocb  alarm  has  been  eiinted  in  ladia 
by  a  reported  alliance  between  Russia, 
Persia,  and  Dost  Mahomed  Khan.  The 
Bcconnt  daea  not  appear  to  obtain  nnch 
credit  among  those  who  are  betl  informed 
in  thia  oonntrj. 

China. — ShanEhne  wu  taken  by  Ihe  in- 
surgents on  tlie  7lh  September.  At  Amoy 
tba  rebels  in  possession  are  still  successful 
in  oecauonal  fighting irilh  the  Imperialials, 
whose  fleet  is  nllerly  ineffective.  New*  of 
the  Ml  of  Fckin  ia  daily  eipected,  and 
Canton  is  already  Uircatened. 

Gold  it  said  to  have  been  discovered  in 
coDsiderable  qnanllties  in  Porta  Biea  In 
Central  America.  The  mines  ore  situated 
on  Ihe  citale*  belonging  to  tbe  brother  of 
Ihe  President. 

A  revolution  broke  out  at  Uonle  VidtO 
on  the  34th  Sept.  sud  the  President  (Giro) 
with  dlAereal  goreramenl  alEciaU  took 
refoge  on  board  the  foreign  veuels  in  the 
harbour.  .K  provisional  government,  con- 
sisUng  of  Prutuots,  Rivera,  l<vellegi,  and 
Flores,  bad  been  appointed,  He  revolu- 
tionary party  conducted  themselves  with 
the  greateat  moderalion,  and  Ihe  town  was 
quiet,  buaiiMU  going  forward  aa  niual. 


«4 


DOMESTIC  OCCURRENCES. 


Vmtt  t/  ike 

If  ike 

CmmMKd 


mi  ti« 
1 


Enltf^L  tLt     wmd, 


<m  a  TiBt  to  i»tT 


to 

i 


Oa  tie  31ft  U  Oct.  tW  Dake  of 
azk^  tkr  C9«at  of  Fjaaden.  arrmiifJ 
bf  C<4me!  Wjlde  mmi  hu  Roja]  Ha^ 

C>B  Tcodaj.  Not.  K  ber  Miieatj  as- 

laoicd  br  ber  Roral  rcUhres  paid  a 
to  tbe  Crrsul  Fklaer  a: 

rred  bj  Mr. 

of  tbe  ConpoT,  Mr.  Fraadt  Folier. 

director,  umI  Sir  J^«e^>ji  Paxtoa. 

Oa  tbe  1401  Nor.  tbe  Dnie  aiid  Dacbeu 
4e  BrabMl  west  to  Pljaftoct^  froa  Wiad- 
Tuited  iCTrral  placaet  i&  tbe 
and  after  fpesMiitt^  socoe 
at  tbe  Citadel,  tber  prxKceded  to 
Mout  Wif  f,  axMi  eiD  barked  on  board  the 
Avool  Tbey  aftrrvards  vifited  tbe  Tic- 
tsiUinf  Yard  and  Drake**  Ulaad,  SAd 
gteaaatrd  to  tbe  Breakvater.  vpoa  vhscb 
tbe  Dake  alig^bted.  aad  barm;  itupccted 
tbe  lightboaw,  a  vtfit  vas  next  ptid  to 
ILM.S.  .\gaai?maoii«  after  vbi^  tber 
left  for  Torqnar.  Tbe  nrxt  day  tbeir 
Rojal  lli^hoefwef  attendei  a  reriev  at 
lioant  Wise,  aad  aftenrards  retaraed  to 
Windsor. 

On  tbe  i?2od  H.R.H.  PrxDC£  Albert,  tbe 
Vice-Cbancellor  of  Cimbridce,  coadacted 
tbe  Dake  of  Brabant  to  that  mniTerntT  ; 
arbere  tber  were  lodged  at  Trini;j  college. 
On  tbe  follotring  morning  tbe  bonorarj 
degree  of  D.C.L.  was  conferred  npan  tbe 
Belgian  Prince.  Tbey  afterwards  attended 
a  lecture  bj  Profetaor  Willis  oa  tbe  ma- 
cbinerj  used  in  tbe  mano&ctare  of  ropes  ; 
aad  Tifited  as  many  of  tbe  oc^k^es  as  tbeir 
time  would  allow. 

Oct,  31.  Tbe  Great  Irisb  Industrial 
Exhibition  was  closed,  witb  fitting  cere- 
mony, by  tbe  I»rd  Lieutenant.  Tbe  wea- 
tber  was  unfarourable,  but  notwitbstanding 
tbe  rain,  wbicb  fell  during  tbe  wbole  day, 
it  is  beliered  that  22,000  persons  aawmblcd 
within  tbe  building  to  witness  tbe  closing 
ceremoniaL  There  were  upwards  of  500 
musical  performers,  under  tbe  leadership 


of  Mr.  Joac^o  R^^iinaaBi.     At  a  qnarlff 
Wf  .<re  ucoe  liat  Lcr  i  LaesUmaBt . 
tea*  :c  S».  Gsnsaa»  arnved  at  tbe« 

rtociri  br  Aft^sraama  Roe*  Mr. 
asfl  c*ib*.r  iZMmibers  of  tbe  Exbi> 
bic^ia  Coxsiisce.  AiLer  a  srlrrtiwi  of 
sacrrd  Kcac  Lai  been  perfuiiM.i1,  Mr. 
Cnncc  Pauick  Roaey.  Scmctary  to  tbe 
ExbiaatiDis.  was  istroiaced  by  Aldrnsaa 
R  ^c,  aad  ^*snc  desrvd  to 
tie  Loa?ur  of  kaigbrbood  frc 
mi  tbe  Ldcu  L^rutfnin:.  Lady  R: 
sferwardf  iatrodacetd  to  tbe  &Lrlaa-l  < 
teas  St.  Geraftia^  His  ExoeUea 
fors^al'r  decbL-ei  tbe  ElxbibitioQ 
and  passed  a  warm  tribate  to  Mr. 
aad  to  ibas>;  v-bo  bad  by  tbeir  aeal  and 
as^nity  secKxdt^  bis  generous  deaign. 
Lastly,  in  iIjc  c^aie  of  tbe  asaemblj,  be 
iMsTvd  to  AlougUy  Goi  tbeir  beaitfelt 
tbankf  for  biriik^  Uessci  and  procpcrcd 
tbe  anierLs.U:xs.  His  ExcdSeacy  tin  tan 
m£-J';aiclT  cal*ei  for  three  cbecn  for  Mc 
Dargaa.  Tbe  entire  cfremoay  occnpicd 
fitile  BQore  thaa  an  u?ur.  Mr.  Dargan  bas 
tmStre^l  cxuAltnbic  p^fcaniary  lotas,  but 
bas  won  eternal  faxe  by  bis  palriotiia. 

Ba5iaef»  is  5ucp»*adcd  in  most  of  tbe 
manofacturiag  tc  aitf  of  Laacasbire  in  con* 
atqaencr  of  combiaitiaos  on  the  part  of 
tbt  mast«i?  to  rr|>el  tltf  iujohous  infloenoe 
of  iLe  en:.-*.*.  At  Preston.  Blackburn, 
Wigan.  aad  Bol'  ?a.  al2DO«>t  all  tbe  cotton 
mrU  arc  c!^«<i  T««c  step*  bare  been 
taken  I  r  iLe  M  inters*  .Associations  in  con- 
•equeaoe  of  pirual  strikes  by  the  workmen 
of  ptr.^oclar  tartorie*.  and  the  declarations 
maie  at  some  vf  tl.rir  mertins:«,  that  a  war 
was  to  be  aared  ar^ins-t  tbe  masters  in  de- 
tail, in  order  t3  ob*.ain  a  general  rise  of 
wagrs  and  a  shortening  of  the  hours  of 
Ub?ar.  Niurly  50,00^}  oj^ratifes  are  in 
consequence  out  of  exploymeot.  Not- 
withsunding  the  dittrcc*  which  most  exist 
good  order  La*  g^caerjlly  be<:n  pn-serred, 
but  some  disturbance^  hare  taken  place  at 
Blackburn  and  Wigan,  which  the  police 
hare  not  been  frtroag  enough  to  repress, 
and  tbe  miUtarr  bas  been  called  in.  It 
should,  bcwerer,  be  menlioned  that  tbe 
whole  police  force  of  tbe  fv>rmer  town, 
which  bad  •46,.>36  iubabitaots  at  the  but 
census,  is  only  19  men.  while  that  of 
Wigao,  which  had  31,941  inhabitants,  is 
only  ; 


11 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS.  &c. 

Rer   B.  tl.  GiObrd  IHa-l  Mustrr  i 


iMuraiii  •uim.  tLA.TIiinI  ComBlUlvnci,  •Iiu 
Ih«  Xl^  Hon.  SIf  GMintBanT,  IMn.  G.C.B , 
FDarth  COmDluloiier  nader  At  Cbulttble 
TriubArt,  lMI.-<]nln*nce  Mtdfcal  llrpin- 
B«il,  Surina  J.  A.  Utvla  la  be  Senior  Sar- 

Oct.  VS.  Id  Mlildlctn  Mllilta.  Uilor  lh« 
lion.  G.  a.  C.  BynK  Id  be  Utnl-Oolond ; 
C*nl.  W.  a.  Griffiths  to  be  MmlDr. 

Oil.  K.  llr»i«t,  Capt.  S.  P.  Pe»«wlie,  of 
the  Hlh  Fool,  to  be  Uajor  In  Ihe  ttmj. 

Oti.  SI.  Konl  Arlllltrv,  Capl.  *n<l  bri^i-i 
MljorJ.  G.  WallierlobeUeul.-ColDnBl. 

.Vdi'.  4.  l*>h  Foal,  brerel  Lleut.-CDU 
J.CniUin.  C.B.  lo  be  Ueut.-CDionel !  bn 
MiUor  C.  A.  IMwardi  In  be  Uilor.-HIth  P 
Opt.  U.  i.  Sbiv  M  be  Malar. 

Itn.  n.  SMh  Fiwl,  Major  W.  Mnnro  ti 
Limt  -CalODel ;  Capl.  W.C.  Wolfe  lo  be  Uii,. 

lilt,  \i.  Cwpi  of  Soyal  EwtlMen,  bre> 
Malor  a  8.  StehellD  to  be  Lien  (-Colonel. 
RoMrl  If  udnlde.  taq.  lo  be  one  of  Ibe  Lor 


«in  or  Arnll  ind  Ilia 
r  in  Colle^le  CUurch 


Uapletoa,  Hon.  Canonnr  in  Calk- 

:b  ofCanibnte ;  and  lo  be  Chapteia 

*(tr  Coiinleaa  al  Olaieov. 

VnlniorT,  Minor  Canuurrfn  Hid- 

Ibednl. 

M'lie.  Hon.  Canoonr  in  CDlleglala 


Iter.  A.  R.  Aldridte, 


be  SoU- 


ufJaatidaiylBScMlii 

.v«.  IS.  Jamee  Cianfurd,  esq. 
dlor-General  (br  Scoltand. 

Hat.  IB.    Tbe  Bari  of  Sraflmn   elected  a 
RepteMatitire  Peer  ot  Srollatid.— Derbyihlre 


copal  Uiapel  al  UdITui,  Uonyihire. 
Rev.  II.  N.  BarlDn,  St.  Bmn  iC  CoroaaU. 

Ker.  R.BelUB,SI.  Junea-aOiapel.J 

Hef.  A.  t.  G.  Ulnelt,  IttlliDUluh  !>.l 
■■-  ■.  t.  Ilomdaile,  Bishop'.  Norton 

>.  W.  B.    Hockley,   Jdiddlelon-C: 

iortliantploothlrei 

y.J.  Buab,  Ormlkirk  V.  i 


H^or  Coke  lo  be  Ueoi.-Culanel. 


.  Sculabrlck  C 

Gloocn 
r.  BuiJd 

Bololpta  B.  Cmbrfdite. 


Kel.  II  Fariih,Ecel«*1]-Illt . 

inStenatt  liippointed     Rev.  M.T.  Flclcber.  Bicker  V.  Lincolnabire. 
nFil  of  GovetameM  ol      Itev.  N.  A.  OkiUihI,  Deal  B.  Kent. 

Ati.  T.  Girretl,  Vere  R.  iimaka. 
RcT.  J.  Uibaon,  Aclon-RaDaa  F.C.  Salon. 

Bet.  C.  Gilbert,  Hemab*  V.  Norfolk. 

Kef.  J.  C-  Cr«p>iT,  LiiOiklrk  V.C.  Yortwhire, 

nev.  M.  W.  Oretory,  Buade  F.C.  Northanp. 

Ker.  II.  Gnnrji  St-  Uirir  P.C.  rrinee*  Ruad, 

-  Lambelb,  Suniy. 

Rev.  G.  Ila^  Birch  P.C.  Lancuhire. 

Ber.  C.  B.  Hay,  Tbondridn  V.  Kerli. 

Ret,  K,  Hoare,  Holy  TfiMl»  i'       " 


Naval  Pukiticiimknti. 
on.  31.    LICDI.  Ihi  ilou.  FlUgenld  A.  Foley 
bo  Uni  UeuleaaDl  of  the  Royal  yacht  Vic- 
ria  and  Albert, 

rM.lt.    Adm.  Sr  William  Hall  Giee  lo  be 
llAar.Adnlnl  of  tbe  Unilva  Klngiloni. 
Oef.M.  Hear-Adn.  SirJ.A.durdDn.  K.C.B. 
be  Vlee-AdjDim  or  the  Red,  with  ■eoiorlly 


n  B.  Crara 


Crara  lo  llM 

_.   ..., .'dliuwji  Conmauder  UattbcwB. 

Nolbililolli*rrolic.i>. 

;Voi.  IB.  Tu  be  RMi^Adminl  on  the  rr- 
■etired  blir-pay  iial.  Cant.  Fetcf  Grace.— To 
te  Rcu-Admlr*l  of  Ui>  Hlne,  Cant.  Henry 
UBBdaa.— To  be  Rcnf  AdmlM  of  the  While, 
Sir  iame*  Sllrlliic.— To  b*  Rett-Adminl  of 
lb*  Red,  »r  Wiikln  Oaen  Pell. 


Be«.W.Mall*,BnidAeldR.<r.TiiahbrookR.8flir. 
Rc>.  W.  It  KdkiiII,  Ta'tdinrrlaa  P.C.  Deriiyah. 
He>.  J.  Huaband,  Thomlon  R.  Buck*. 
Rer.  D.J.  Jonn,  LUnarlh  V.  w.  Uajiina  V, 

Cordlitansblra. 
Rer.  K-  B.  Jonn,  Ooraedd  F.C.  Ulntiblre. 
Rev.  W.  K«ne,  Whilliy  P.C.  w.SI.  UlcbaelC. 

aBi|g|.JoliaC.Yarkaliire. 
Rev.  J.  8.  Lauder,  Aanatant  Uiniiler  of  St. 

Ciilbetli]e>a.  near  Niagara,  Canada  Weat. 
Ber.  J.  Idonll,  SI.  Uattbev  P.C-  QrtU  Peter 

Slreel.  Weslmiusler. 
Bel.  F.  B.  Leonard.  LUodeTand  P.C.  Monm. 
Itri.  B.  Male,  Batbmel  P.C.  Yariiahlre. 
B«T.  F.  V.  Hither,  St.  Fanl  P.C.  aiflou,  Ghnc, 
Ber.    a.    Heerea,   St.  Uaitbolamew  Clupel, 


EcOI-B^IAiTICAL  pRtrEaMENT*. 
Rev.  H.  Griffin,  1>.D.  Fiiahnprlc  of  Limerick. 
Blihl  RcT.  W.  Hlcrto.  I>,D.  iranatated  fron 

lite  see  afUnwrlck  la  Dury  and  Rapboe 
Iter.  K.  W    Batoen  (V.  of  Prabua,  CMBOill), 


ii'dofBolyTrtoitypAahby- 
lon.CainiiryIn  Peirfboroot'i 
b,  Hon.  Citionry  in  CalJriule 


biahnp  TinlBOii's  Chapel,  St.  iamea,  Wot- 

Rev.  F.  MoTK,  SI.  Mary  F.C.  SbrewibofT. 
Rn.  «.  Naylor,  Raoiban  R.  SuOblk. 
Rer.J.  Nniii,  thomdon  R.  Bnlliilli. 
Be*.  W.  OhIioh,  Ballyraabna  B.  dlo.  Canoar, 
Rev.  J.  N.  Frill,  Ncirton-Toney  R.  Willi. 
BBI.O.A.S.  Powell,  aasth  BttmmbF.C.  Wills. 
Ber.  C.  Frail,  lun.  I'ackinctr    ■'  " 


vorlb  (or  Itlsbport)  Somenel. 


I  P-C.  I 


b  Hah.  Vat.  3LL. 


6^6 


Ifirihj — Marriages. 


Mtr.  *   SAsL:«rb.  s^.  W*^:.  V.  t.or:.  -  .... 
B*T    ...  L  R    .*-t.  a.  Ku^^T.IWiUn  F.C  Leic 
Err   F    T   i.  w»;;.  =«.  ^o-piea  P  C   Leeds. 
Err.  \.  F  ?  .^^rd,  Lktt,f^9ih  ft.  Cc&b- 
ft*T.  W.  -.i.rw*^.  .\>«ca.-»t>  PC.  Dova 
B«T    F   ."*,  «rr<»:..  Fj;.k.tii>ani  R.  EdMX. 
■rv  J.  ?teTer.«oa,  C^cfeicie  R.  &&U  V.  vdi- 

B«T.  <.   V.  H.  :^a:n«r.  RiafwooU  ft.  Kent. 
Eev .C.Taj b>r.  llaml>T.ia.th«'WilM>wiV.  NoCts. 
■er.  H.  T*itp>.  ^latt^n  R.  SB;opu 
K«T.  R.  II.  Tnrcrt,  9«Aaafe  R.  Dorset. 
Brr.  C.  M.  Torur,  lloradoo-«»>cLe-HiIl  V. 

E«*ex. 
Err.  J  *.  WtBfj,  Cotcptco  V.  Berki. 
Err.  (j    U'l.jiiss.   U'.vn  V.  w.  LUdddevi- 

V»ch  V.  ILir5c^,r-hirp. 
Erv   ^W  H.  Mi:wo,  B;r;>T  P.C  Nortbaaib. 
Err.  L.  ^*>d,  b.'x:!'.e:d  P'C.  Toriskire. 

T'*  CAapluimeiei. 

Err.  A.  Browne  ucl  N&t al  Icitroctnr),  H.M. 

scr<»-«-«^.i^  Arrofaat.  ax  PorUmoQtb. 
E«T.  ?«.  K.  iJaj.  Vj  the  Mayor  of  Bn^t.I. 
Err   I*  C.  lV!«/o^»^,  (R.  cf  sbcrv.  :$iirTV7,»  to 

the  Kirr  of  Hac-'Ver. 
Err.  A.  ^\ .  &iwar.ls,  t  j  the  BuLop  of  Meath. 
Rer   li  Go..nJ«ia,  t.>  tLe  Mayor  of  CuBbridre. 
Err.  .M   lUthaw^T.  tiie  t'oioa,  ^aUall.  2»tav. 
Err.  J.  II.  Iin,  to'  BroaufTort  L'Dioa,  Were. 
Err.  J.  H.  Lai,  H.11.S.  the  Royal  Ocor^e,  at 

Sbe*rri«-M. 
Eer.  II.  .Newport,  to  the  Major  of  Exeter. 
Err.  T.  Protberoe,  in  UrdiDAry  hi  the  Qaeen. 
Err.  J.  ;<.  :<ideUrtham.  to  New  CcUege.  Oxford. 
Err.  J.  Tb«.rp,  to  the  Covnty  Gaul,  (^ford. 

G^lUyiate  amd  Sch'-Jastic  Appotmimunit, 

Eer.  K.  F  Coke.  Phncipoi  of  the  Victoria  Pftrt 

roi:«i(iate  In^tiiutioo.  Lootion. 
EcT.   P.  If.  Curtis.   2<ab.Ma>ter«hip  of  the 

Grarnroar  §r:-,oo!  Norwich. 
Eetr  .M.  II    liote.  llead-MasteraLip  of  Alford 

Gramoiar  :$cbool. 
Err.  .\.  Pott.  Kriocipal  o(  the  Dioceun  Tbco- 

lo^.cal  O  ! lexe .  *  >xf'jrJ. 
Eer.  J.  Pownm;.  llead-MastenLip  of  Totces 

G ran- mar  Sch>>.l.  l^erco. 
Err.  J.  K:<!.;way.  A^^ittact-.Maater,  Grammar 

M-!^-:!.  I>.  2!iam.  Il»i<>x. 
T.  C  Gti  lart,  LL.I>    Master  of  Trinity  Hall, 

to  be   Vice-Charcellur  of  the  L'Diiersiry  of 

Cambridge.  Ii03  (. 
C.  W.  LawrrbCf,  M..I.  to  be  !*teward  of  New 

CoUe^e,  Oxfurd. 


Eiffht  Hon.  tbe  Earl  of  EffUntoo  and  Wintoo, 
K.T.  to  be  Lurii  Rector  of  tbe  Uairermty  of 
Gia^ow. 

BIRTHS. 

Hrpi.  15.  In  Aroen  coart,  :;C.  PftoPt,  the 
wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  If.  Coward.  Rector  of  St. 
Benitett's-at-liiil,  a  daa. 

Oct.  3.    At  Gouldsbrooch  hall.  Lady  Elixa- 

bethl^»celle«.adau. IS.  At  Sottoo  rectory, 

thewifeofJ  E.Thhnc.nq  Capt.  R.  .\rt.asoD. 
—17.    In  Albemarle-st.  the  Hon.  Mrs.  surer. 

top.  a  <»on  and  beir. 90.    .\t  East  Sheen,  Uie 

wife  of  the  Ker.  I>r.  Rowden,  a  dan. The 

wife  of  the  Rer.  C.  P.  Eden,  Vicar  of  Aber- 

ford.  Yorkshire,  a  son. 31.    At  Poleadeo. 

I  July  .M»ry  Karqabar,  a  dau. .\t  Lambeth 

PaUc^.  Mrs.lbon  an.  a  daa. 31.  At  Pbilorth, 

I>t«l)-  Silltoun,  a  ftou. 3S     .\t   Weybridge. 

th^  %Mfe  ''f  \V.  II.  Marttnea>i.  e^|.  adao. 

34  A*.  K«iiiiburfb,  tbe  wife  of  .\lexaiider 
.Mit'hrll    liin^,    esq.   Jan.  of  Ay  too  castle, 

Hrr«*«  V^hire,  a  son. IS.    At  Lan;;ley  park, 

the   .M.irrhi'tirss    of   I'haudus.  a  daa. At 

BriKbton.  tbe  wife  of  Tbos.  Barrett- Leo nard, 
JUD.  e«4i.  a  son  and  heir. At  Uif  hMun  coort. 


Mrs.  Gaatirr  Fa-n-y.  a  sc 
Bow'je  hi.ise.  L^M'set.  tjr 

■ctt  C..k.  e*.^.  a  »». 

Xorf-.^A..    the  Hoa.   Mra. 

1t<xi«fii'  ase,  a  liac 11 

V  xicy.  a  z. :«»  I* I.-rm ;  l*.  a  soa. At 

lod^r^.  LiorKt,  the  wife  of  Oem^  Waj^UI 
ad.  e9«i  a  soa. 

Sm  3.    At  Drvmawill 
wifr  cf  Joha  A«chCu  Uwffc 

■ad  heir. 3.    At  Caacle  tn^Jt^  eo. 

Lady  Cirberr.  a  das. At 

Mrs.E.kcBcktoB,aaoA. S. 

odce.  Dorset,  the  wi^  af  J«fc« 

we:u  nq   a  daa .\t  Dorkinz. 

A.  \.  Mi^'T'.iy.    «.j.  ;«n.    a   dam. 7. 

Pnnce's  (a:<.  Hyd*  pailu  Lady  Fan  ay 

a  son. At  Peten4eid.  tLe  wife  oT  J. 

hao  Carter,  esq.  M.P.  a  worn. IL     At 

wvii,  tte  wife  cf  Oetanaa  Roylr,  M  D.  a 

1.    At  Nctikwcrth  hall,  tbe  wilie  at 

rita-lierl<ert,  a  ics. 10.    At 

kill,  sc   JoLc's  wood,  the  wife  of 

Creasy.  K.M.  bamsar-at-Iaw.a  aon. 11 

Bn^ton.  tbe  wife  of  Philip 

daa.  13.    At   Ipswich, 

Elwri,  a  daa. U.    At  Kiiiinc    kaB, 

Harrogate.  Mrs.  Anderaoa,  id 

la  Carlton  terrace,  the  Cbnateaa  of 

aad  :*arrrTy  a  »oc. 


MARRIAGES. 

Mmjf  31.  At  Melbourne,  Aastralia.  ArOar 
Dari£9,  esq.  of  Stratbfillaa,  eldest  worn  of  ArOar 
Uariea,  esq.  Wiibersdaae  hall«  Wye,  EJtmU  *• 
EiixabethCbnstiaaaa.  secood  daa.  of  tke  iMto 
Cbar:e:»  Fenwick,  es*^.  fcr  many  years  Conaal- 
GeneraJ  in  I>enmark. 

Jml9  31.  At  Allahabad.  East  ladies,  Kokot 
fttnck  Am4eno%,  esq.  laterprcccr  of  tht  SCh 
Betural  N  I  to  HrorKita,  eldest  dan.  of 
J.  B.  IliMebrand.  Rector  of  Saxby. 

Am  J,  Z.    At  Cconocr,  Neilf  berry  Hills, 


D.  Cmrtie,  esq.  M .  D.  third  mm  nf  Claod  Cvrfe, 
esq.  late  Physician  General,  Madras,  to  Aaa- 

Isab*-i:a,  o'.i>  cb;Id  cf  Abrjiiam  Goc<lall,  esq. 
sunf*-:-:.  .Ma4jni«  .\ra:T.  acd  nirceof  !?ir  Henry 
Lawr»*oce.  M.C.U. 

y  At  loaada  Magistracy.  Port  NaUt  the 
residei.ce  cf  L.  E.  Mesbam.  esq.  W.  H.  Atwti, 
esq.  cf  irUrban.  irt  Acnes-Mary,  yooafcst 
dan.  of  tbe  late  Rer.  J.'  H.  Williams,  Sector 
of  Llaneliea.  KreclLbcckshire. 

Sept.  I.  At  (■'beUfoham.  Marcas  J.  .jjtnesfey, 
esq.  laf?  Capt.  of  tbe  3th  Draj^oon  GaarUy 
eldest  «cn  rf  i!.*  late  Hon.  acd  Very  Rev.  Wm. 
Aooe«iey.  Dean  of  lK>wn.  Ireland,  to  Fi 
Middleton,  of  lienor  ball.  Herefordshire, 
relict  of  Lambert  Midd'eton,  esq.  late  of 

minrton.   Warw \t  Sjdaey  lodj^e, 

bnrgli.  John  Rotberford  RmneU,  esq.  M.D.  to 
Georrina-lsabella,  only  somvinf  dan.  of  Sir 

Darid    Maxwdl.    Bart.    i>f  Cardoness. At 

Rochdale.  Joseph  if  v/dnrorf A.  esq.  of  BeUerae, 
llfakefield.  to  Mr».  lUrrreaTes,  lateof  Sommcr 

hill. At  EdiDborzh.  Thomas  Prmtt,  eoq.  of 

Hexbam.  to  Mrs.  I  »her.  of  Millbouse  rrange, 

NortbamberUnd .\t  •  Hurbweek,    ueron, 

John  il^arArf,  Jan.  esq.  solicitor,  Newtoa  Ab- 
bot, to  Mary,  only  dau.  of  tbe  late  Thomas 

Nott.  exi.  of  Soatbmoltoo.  Devon. At  St. 

JaiLies*s,  N'ottiuf  bill,  George  Bommor,  esq.  of 
Mayfiekl  lodjre,  .\ddi%  n  road.  Krn«^ini^ton.  to 
Jul;a  .%nDe   Ricktltd,  c-f  Wyh?   Tark  terrace, 

CumijerUitd  frate. .\i  >i.  Jvl»;.*s.  \Niniisor, 

the  Rev. 'Iliouias  Gndfitw  (.'•  Af*c-.''.  o:  t!.c  Ulaod 
of  Barbadoes,  to  Maru-.i-ii.i-.  rt.ict  of  John 
Poyer  IH>yer,  esq.  uf  Ku^m  :i  pi  1  .uruy  »q.  and 

of  tbe  same  is!ao<! .\t  iic-a.lford.  tbe  Rev. 

Wekkm  AsMt,  M  ^  *»  KAiha{;nc- Elizabeth, 
eldest  daa.  of  f^  Van  of  Tuam. 


1853.] 


EUtarl.tM.  Dt  St'. 

■tio  of"  91.  Ann'i  TiUwI.'^^Ar^ilnSii! 
CorncUni  I^vmid.  hhi  of  WilUin  UenrT  Vw. 
ritll,  tiq.otOrorthODM,  B*T*w*t«r,  to  Ujirr- 
Scolt.  unlj'  dan.  of  Cturlei  Hertiltl,  uq.  ot 
tb«  Oruie,  Bnmptan. 

t.  At  Ibe  Catholic  Cbucl,  Sptnlsb  pi.  md 
iftennrdi  It  SI.  Uinr'i  BrrinstoD  h.  '">'" 
Slrmw,  eldut  mo  or  tbeUtB  Ctemmt  K< 


,.._._  Ll»ni'ih»nj«l.y-TrMlh«ii.Mfrlo- 
tIIIm.  Notlinf  UU,  nFtl»ti<K.  the  Krr.  J.  J.  Biwrn,  11. A.  B«CIor 
■><._....    __..       .11....1 — i(iriih  Uinbtdr^^loJjine,  •jconj 


iUu.orCi>rara.B.  BMn,  K,fl.  Grraii',  Uthih  L 
ovtbahlrt. — At  Wudnrorili,  mnela-WU-  1 
liiiD,  oalr  Kn  or  Fraocii  Btatt,  i 


inilj   c 


Curtie  of  Tynhy, 


I..::. 


ttq.  0/ Ktiidil  lodn,  BHilnfi  K'Kl,  loBiiiOir, 

KimrMiUii.  Df  tlwlua  jDhB  KoHell,  eag.or 
■uwrlilll,  Durtrord,  K«nl Al  diirlton, 

J.  Omall,  onlT  UD  oT  John  PUWm.  cm),  of 
theQn>ve,CiiBlHn'tll ,  to  Aoiu-  Htrfi, ;  onniigr 
din.  of  Hoorr  Kotilnaoa,  cu.  of  tb*  Lh  raid, 

Bteckbuth. At   D(^i^,   WllllHO  THnr-     ., , , 

tiini, nq.  City,  London,  wcond  Mn  of  Jahn     McondionarCiipt.  Aplln.R.V.  IgBllu-Ftoo*, 

■"-^ —  nq.  Hawid[.toJuB,raaivnldiu.      yonnrFr  du ,  uf  Ci|>t.  Jina  Morpn,  K.S; 

> —     o.....^.....  — ..  )tn.  or  Prlfliloii. Al  St.  Jobn'ilVntnKBA 


of  John  HorKin.  «M.  BlAckbeath  nwd. 

At  at.  Jimn'a.  Ptddlonon.  Wllliwn  Citnpb^ 
q.  burlitar-at-lair,  of  Lincolo'i  Inn 


Iholit  UreGuknls. \<  lu.::-. ■,.v..i(, 

HCDIHl  )Dn  of  WOOdliaiD  Cnnnuii,  fii|.  uI   l-ir- 

baaic,  ID  Ann*-Vinlc,  ciily  cliild  of 
Lliul.-Cal.  BalP,  K.M.  Md  aldnl  dM. 
of  Mn.  Hcaty,  of  Ihismani  boow.— Al  JoT- 
wy,  Blphl  niloae  4ptta.tiq^niD- JtayblJ4«Tr, 


uiiABK»  CHI.  uuTi>Hr-ai-iair|  oi  UIKUID  ■  inn 

floUi.  Md  B«r«,  AotlMMi.uStvlla.roaiiml 
dan,  of  ilie  laM  Kobtrt  Ptwipa.  o«i.  orTiwEM- 
'-'— "  3wanM'>  ">•  Kbi.  A.C.  S.  SWr- 


■i  widow  of  Fnnda  Ji 


l«jr.  10  «»ry. 

«.'   Ai'BElfaal.Ihe  Re*.  H.  k.Cola,  Vli 
Uarnbam,  lo  Chirtollt,  dta.  of  th»  latr 

t.    At  LlTerpOAt,  T],  '     .     ; 
iDD  of  Hanlnan  Kri'' 
lo  Kmlly.ucoDilil"' 


Billoa,  Jm 
■daonoTth' 


Wdraed,nq.orc>lil< 
At  Aniou',  gorow"  1 1 . 

i«  Atmir-Hirrict,  ci  ] 
Boyta  Tnvan,  or  <.\. 


gldoi  un  of  John  tM»tlli 


liaahelh,  videi  dao.  of  the  t(c*.  John  Scott, 
lYIacipal  of  Ibc  Wcilcran  Trainlni  CaFlcE*! 
"■ •'-—         MSI.  And — '-" -- 


WnlMloaler.— 


h.  taSanB-il«lent,  dao,  or  tb(  Ut*  H«*. 


'  SIMM}. A 


iliD.  of  JoKub  Fulluai,  eu.  aulidtui,'  rict^- 
dilly. — At  Hartitbary.  Hcrbtri  Richird  PM, 
ta<\.  arcond  ran  of  th«  Vmt  iUr.  tbt  Don  of 
WorocalH,  to  OMrnlaaa-Mlrla.  only  rtan.  of 
tba  Ha*,  "noaui  Bilker.  RpfiDrnl  Ilanleliiiri. 

■nd  Hoiranry  C-n 

■■      -oil,  Joha  B.,«:. 


Gwrn  W.  Hattm,  Mat  MB  «f  John  Kvltsn. 
nq.  TictorUpark, to  AmaUaJIblrddw.Dflbi 
Ulc  Robert  Oidcn,  nq.  or  Tlio  tMu. — At 
Chriil  Ohurch.  81.  Hirvlebonc,  W.  Rdiranl 
Jnta,  nq.  of  Uncoln^  Ibd,  bntiiKr-al-liw, 
imty  foa  of  nilUm  JonH,  nq.  of  gprini  bllL 
Stafrordiltln.  la  BIKn.  afdnF  dan,  of  F.  HI 

ilM".'.  ".,    ,.(  I'riMF  l!.l*«rd  lilaad. hi 

■  .  >i.).aonar 
■r  of  Hcp- 
iK.niiirfb 


ii'iiniplT,  lilihonntc, 

.1  lodfi!.  ^laim,  to  Clb 
iVrLnol  achafidFr,  Mq. 


diU'  of  iha  I(«t.  SViilwa  Joha  tAxipF,  Hector 

of  F*laauib Al  CtoiKcnl,  w.  Wrxlbrd. 

IlaiMOB  Bcmr,  nq.  accond  ion  of  WlllUn 
Bamr,  »q.  of  Barrow  hill,  Smtcx,  to  Onr- 
Itiant-Marnral.  cIdMl  dan.  of  Tbomu  Und- 
dtll,  cao.  tie.  of  Coolmalagb,  CO-  of  Wuftid. 

At  (tt.  Qtotgr't  Hanoier  aq.  Rn.  nilltam 

I.  Frtld*%,  Iblnl  ton  of  Jnaaph  Ftlldea,  taq. 
of  vrnioo  liouie,  Uncuhira.  la  Ibe  Hon-  Jane 
BliMbelh  Bi.Cldf.  yountcfl  din.  of  lh«  lUthl 

T.   Al  llatitrH>,Jonaihanjo>yaonot  W,  II, 

M-fv,  oaq.  oF  Leap  cullr,  Kiiic'*  Couuly,  to 

arDlioe-Mirteifl,  only  dan.  of  John  Graham, 

-.  »    .        ronunoni  tod  Baatbonrne, 


.■■.■1.  Weat- 

Al'VllX/,.'-  ■ 

■  -.'i  i^'Biiii^ 

Gilc.^',";  : 

-.^■■M-b^ 

"ulion,  n 

Mai7,y..„:._ 

.:    •>    flanker. 

Jun  or 

'    :   'l.,ii   or  thn 

Itw.W,  M,  1   1.   . 

Rer.  Jo.,y(,   II. 

■;n,,„;.;;';,.;;;';^'Sfej; 

n»|.  Gnaton   hai 

Weymooih,  l>uc  Wanur.  e»t.  aolicitor,  Wio- 

chealer.  10  Hwy. 

eldai  dao.  of  the  lale  Wm. 

628 


Marriages. 


[Dec 


Thriair,  esq.  of  ^Vilton,  ne»r  SAlisbur)-. 

Ac  Durham,  the  Kev.  John  l>srkpr  hirkitt. 
M.A.  Follow  ami  Tutor  of  Jdius  ro]Iefi:o.('anib. 
■nd  Ri'ctor  I'flirAietey,  liuntjt,  toJaue.  l•l^ll•^t 
dau.  of  i\n'  lati>  William  Stoker*  cmj.  uf  Ihir- 

ham. A I  Hinlield,  th*-   Kt-v.  H.  Sururv.  to 

DUn.i.  (ixii.  of  the  Kev.  J.  K.'tnilAll.  Kctiorof 
Binlleld,  ami  Kvamininc  Chaplain  to  tli<*  Ia^uI 

BiMbop  of  Oxford. At  I'rinco  I  Id  ward  Island. 

the  littn.  Jo«ei)h  llrn*lfjif.  Her  .M.ijesly's  Al- 
toniox-d'i'nerai,  to  Franct-s-Ann-Povor.  onJv 
dan.  of  the  lion.  Ilol>€it  Hodipicn,  Chief  Jus- 
tice of  that  Island. 

9.  At  riymouth,  Karl  Albert  F.mil  »anm 
VoH  Sturmffit,  to  Lavinia,  dan.  of  Mr.  \\n\. 
Nott,  of  IMyroonth. 

10.  At  St.  (ietir;;e's  Hanover  sq.  thi'  llev. 
F.  A.  Vitioott^  .M.A.  of  I^wer  Itclcraxe  ^l^elt, 
Eaton  9<|.  to  Kliza.  dau.  of  tlie  laleT.  Tax  lor. 

e*q.  of  Kensinirton. .\t  St.  JanieVs  l*ad- 

ilin;;tMn,  Wjllinni  Strtrnrf,  esq.  only  sun  of  the 
lite  .M.-ijor  Stewart,  of  Katlidonnei'l,  co.  Done- 

f:al,  to  Fanny-. I'lmelia,  yi)uni;e>t  dan.  (if  Col. 
io^ii^c,  o;  (ilonrester  pi.  Il\de  ok.  and  Kniery- 
down,  Hants. —  -.\t  (*.iniberweil.(;i*»iri:e  Kdw. 
Field.  eMq.  to  Marv-.\nn,  only  d.iii.  (»f  \Villi,ini 

AVilliams.  exj.  of^  rerkhaiii. .\t    Hrivton, 

John  Frederick  M'tV/aNi/,  eaq.  to  Jane,  sirmiil 

dau.  of  the  late  Col.  Thatcher.  ll.K  I  C.S. 

At  St.  rnncrast.  (ieorire  Klantl^  o>q.  of  Thrap- 
atou,  Nortlianiptoniihiie.  to  Frances,  dan.  uf 
the  late  Kubert  Hlackbiirn,  e^q.  of  Well  h.ill, 

Eltham,  Kent. At  St.  CJivrjfe's  Hanover  sq. 

Ambrose  Isted^  esq.  of  Kcton,  to  tlie  Hun. 
Frances-Kli7abeili,  widow  of  the  H<in.  Charlts 
John  Murray,  and  »ister  to  the  Larl  of  Lich- 
field. 

11.  At  St.  UeorRe'P,  Bermuda,  A.  W.  7Vi>jr. 
eaq.  Lient.  K.A.  to  .\nn-Kti/a,  eldest  dau.  of 
Kev.  T.  1).  Winsluw,  Vicar  of  Napton-on-thc- 
llill,  \V,ir  wick  ill  ire. 

12.  .\t  Itirkenliead,  Charles  .ViVAr>//«,  cm]. 
Hrook  house,  near  lu'cleiihall,  .^tnfTordshire, 
to  Fiances- Hannah,  >ouni;ebt  dau.  uf  Saint 
Gettr^e  Sniitli,  esq.  ^olicitor,  Derby. 

IS.  .\t  St.  Mary  let  Mine,  Wood  ham  .Va«A, 
esii.  of  liisliopV  Stortford,  to  (.'harlotte,  dan. 
of  John  Jellery,  esq.  of  We>  month  st.  Unidon. 
— ^At  tir.ivi-send,  Ihe  Krv.  J.  Jui/utx,  Incum- 
bent of  St.  James's,  to  Cassandra,    d:iu.  of 

Charles  (Jrime<«,  esq. At  .Ml  SouN»  Mary- 

lebone,  the  Kev.  K.  J.  Parki-r,  IJ.D.  Vicar  of 
Wallham  St.  I^iwrence.  Itirk.s,  to  .\iina,  leiirt 
of  Major-den.  Sir  H.  Watson,  C.M.  C.T.S.  and 
fourth   dan.   of  tlie  lale   W.  Thoyl-*,  esq.  of 

Southiriiste.id  lioiise.Hrrk"*. (,'li,is.  Kichard- 

^on  IVri/ord,  es<i.  First  lienL^d  Knr.  Kfir.  of 
Fusilier-.  soiiofCapt.  Wrifnrd,  U.N.  to  .Mary- 
Sarah-Calhcriiie.  eldot  dau.  of  (iiorue  Wliii- 

tin;tiiii,fM|.  I'lyriiouth. .\l  Keadiii;r.Ci~iinni. 

J.  A.  I..  IV/iaiiiin,  of  II  .M.  ship  I'lnniper,  to 
Matilda,  sixth  dan    of  tin*  late  Cipt.  Janif  <• 

Gomm,  K  N. At  l.laidjebl.^.lhe  Kev.  Kalpli 

Cumine  MurtuM,  \n  llarriette-.\niie,  widow  of 

Capt.   W.    Henry   Koijers.  jMh    Kent. At 

Driiii;h(Mises.  Yoik.  the  Kev.  (iilliert  H.  Pkil- 
lijut.  M..\.  to  (ieoi;riana,  scci-nd  dau.  of  Major 

llenrv   Dixon,   late  of  the  Msl  Kei*:. ,\t 

Wenioury.  Devon,  the  Kev.  Liniebcar  nanliiig^ 
Kei'torof  Littlehani,to  .Maria-Kmilia.only  dan. 
of  N.  Harvxcll,  ('>q.  late  of  Ashford  and  Fast 

Cowes  castle. The  Ilev.  John  Fogfer,  Kector 

of  Fo.xeailh.  Ksm'x,  to  Klizabelh-lieorKin.i, 
eldest  dan.  of  the  Kev.  William  N.  Andrensi, 
Rector  of  Chilton.  Siillolk. 

14.  At  St.  lieor>;<-*s  Hanover  square,  Capt. 
Franci.4  Aujfustus  IMunkett  Iturfnn,  of  the 
Coldstream  (iuards,  only  son  of  Kear-Adni. 
Ryder  Iturton,  t(»  Sarah-Chailwtte-Kli/abeth, 
S.  Krie-Drax,  liaii.  of  J.  S.  W.  S.  Kile-Drax, 
v%t\.  Ml*,  of  Clniboroujfh  park.  Durst  tshire. 

At  Whitby,  Jame^    IValkir,  esq.  of  Aiiy 

bill,  M:ir  Uhitliy,  to  l-:ii/.abi't!i,  eM<  si  da;i.  iif 


the  late  Thontas  Simpson,  esq,  of  Meadowfit 
house. 

15.  At  .*t.  James's  Wfst bourne  terra* 
John  FrrcitiMit.  esq.  oldest  sen  of  the  late  R< 
Henrv  Freetand,  Kector  of  liasketon.  Suffol 
to  Chadotte-Anne.  third  d.iu.  of  the  late  Ed 

Ifansi-n.  esq.  of  I-evton.stonc. \t  Xewwi 

Isle  ot  \\ii;lit.  the  Kev.  Jc^in  IJopkin*,  of  Hi 
clilTe,  Manehesler,  to  Faiiny-.\inelia,  eld» 
dau.  of  F.  H.  Withers,  est],  of  the  HamiKhi 

bank.  Nfw  poi  t,  Isle  of  Wi:f  lit At  East  Ba 

net,  Charles,  third  son  of  Charles  Ittman,  t* 
of  I.iver|Kiol,  to  Deriiiia-l'valMqia-CatUerin 
oid>  .!.in.  of  tlu- late  Thomas  D.nvie*.  es-j  M.I 
of  Newbatlle.  Jnmaira.  ami  .Mrs.  U.  (,\  CrraE 

Kushall.  Wilts At  Alhtiry,  near  Guildfor 

If.  U.  liNrHf.  esi|.  third  »son  of  tbe  Rev.  H. ' 
Uurne.  if  liath,  to  the  lir^n.  Can.' line  iVnel'^i 
Adding  ton.  third  dan.   of  the  itev.   Visroni 

Sidn.otith- .\t  Ui-hopstoke,   Uants,  Ueon 

T.  Vurtrr,  e.sq  of  l^ondon,  solicitor,  to  Emil; 
ehle>t  tlnu.  if  the  late  George  Twynam,  esq  < 

WinrNester. .\t  Maidstone.  Thomas  Meatl 

cote  Stixtnf,  esq.  I'ith  Royal  Laitcers.  «<..m  • 
the  late  Col.  Sti.xted,  Kinfr's  Own  Liffht  Dn 
^oons.  to  Camilla- Sttphia,  eldest  stirvivinjr  dai 

of   Fd«in  Slacey.   e<q.  i:f   Maidstone- i 

liandsworth.  .SaiV.  the  Kev.  John  Sktltim 
M..V.  Curate  of  liranboroutsb.  Uncks,  to  .\nm 
youn:!est  dau.  of  William  Sharp,  est],  of  EiuJ 

w«Hid  Court. At  Hilstiin,  the   Rev.  Wiiliat 

It.  Jit'nitoH.  .M..\.  Incumbent  of  Ilalsall  Heat: 
Wore,  to  .Mary,  second  dau.  of  Kdwnrd  Ite*i 

esq.  ItiUton. .\t  I.iver]KK>l.  William  Jeeve 

Huirt/tr,  esq.  of  .Mnishoebury ,  Herts,  to  Anni 
Sophia,  onl)  child  of  Lieut-Colonel  IVrcy  IVail 

of    Itatli. At    Leicester,    the    Rev.    Edwii 

Robert  liirrh.  Norland  terr.ice,  Notiin!^  hill 
smi  of  Dr.  lUrch,  (tresham  rrufe?isor  nud  Rec 
tor  of  St.  (leorire  Woolnoth,  I^ndon,  to  Jaui 
youncrest  d.^u.  of  the  late  Kichard  Tibbits,  esq 

.Manor  House,  FIccknoo,  AVarw. .\t  Stni 

minster,  Dorset,  the  Rev.  H.  Morland  Am»tn 
Rector  of  Cray  ford,  Kent,  to  Mary,  you  njre^ 
da;i.  of  William  Parke,  esq.  ot  tiic  Thickets 
Jamaica. 

17.  At  Woolwich,  James,  younirest  son  c 
the  late  Henry  A'oiMr,  es(|.  of  the  East  Ind:. 
House,  to  .Matilda-Caroline,  only  dau.  of  Col 

Chalmer,  K.  .\rt. .\t  Hove.  Kdward.  son  o 

James  i'tiziHnve,  e.sq.  to  Li^uise,  second  sur 
\ivin<;  dau.  of  Capt.  Ciustavus  Kvans,  R.X.  o 
Hri;;hlon. 

I'J.  At  St.  Helier's,  Jersey.  Clinrles  Poimo 
tfntre,  esq.  to  Frances- Ma  ha,    fifth   ilau.  o 

Kear-.\dniiial    I.c  (Jevt,  C  H. .\t    Itosto: 

(Thorpaich),  James  \Villiani  JVild,  e^^.  o. 
Craven  hill,  Hyde  park,  to  Klien,  ^econd  dao 
vf  the  late  lirnjaniin  Hr-lroyd,  esq.  of  Leids. 

£t).  At  St.  John's.  Nottinf  lull,  the  Rer. 
James  N\  iMiani  Maltbit,  of  Thrunipton,  Nott«, 
to  Sarah- Kliza,  elde.>t'dau.  of  John  IJardwick, 

e-q.  of  Ltdbntke  -q. .\t  \Sc>i  Derby,  Nicokis 

S:nith  (ihtZt^ftmuii,  esq.  to  Sarah-. \nne,  second 

(Inn.  of  Kichard  Tetley,  esq. At  St.  Michaern 

I'lndicit,  Arthui  Comyn  Piffau^  Capt.  R.  Art. 
to  Jeinima-FrediTica.  dau.  of  the  late  Richard 

Norris,  esq.  of  Basint:  park,    Hants. .\t 

Dublin,  the  Kev.  H.  J.  Ctitrke,  to  llenrietta- 
J^lizabetli,  second  survivinjr  dau.  of  the  late 
Kev.  li.  li.  CJresson,  of   Ardnorcher   house. 

Kind's  County. At  Donnin^ton.  Salon,  the 

Hon.  and  Kev.  Archibald  G.  L'nmpbrU^  Kector 
of  Kniiiton,  Leic.  second  ton  ot  the  Karl  c-f 
(^awdor.toClin riot te-Hennetta- Howard.  .•>econd 

dau.  of  the  Dean  of  I.ichlield- At  Oncban. 

Isle  of  Man,  C.ii)t.  W.  Douirlas  Scott,  late 
Kin^f'sOwn  Li:;lit  Inf.  to  Kose-Klleii,  vnnncfst 

dan.  of  Heniy  Harrison,  e.^q. At  I<ittlt-|Virt. 

Kichard  J^uton,  esq.  of  Chessin;;toii  ludgre. 
Surrey,  to  FranceH-Catherinc-Karl,  s«-coiid  dau. 
of  the  late  (JeorRe  Karl,  esq.  of  Ap^Kball.  Is'e 
(fi:iv. At  St.  rani's,  Heme  hill,  John  I^intr- 


r 


1858.] 


Marriages. 


II.  AlBelbRHiiblOB,  tbcRi 
ynteami,  of  KiiTdcrnifnilcr,  to  Hplen-Marlt 
elilHl  ilaa.  or  Ibi  111*  Wllliui  Wimron,  era. 

ofSphnita<!ldbgiiia,llcllin)D(lilDii. Alful- 

ootKl,  Varluhin.IlM  Re*,  Unufe  NMIInaate, 
Incumbuil  Df  Moloainb*,  ButTi  >i>  Fiuuy, 
•raond  tUa.DM.L.  Annitan.Mq.of  Sbmncr- 
luw  hall,  —  Al  MRiwigk.  aiOBC.  Hwnr  Cai 
G<HH«dtf.  (M|.  or  KmnirM  bour,  Mwwick, 
to  Binini,  laBamrt  Aid.  uf  Alfred  rrMbETM, 

CHI.  ■>'  Cu"'  Ood'rn. AI  Sledmrn,   the 

lioa.TbOBiH  AlMladrr  Parkfuiam.  brathrr 
a/  Iht  Rati  e(  LMirKml,  to  Sophla-Fnnm, 

tbitti  «EU.  or  tUr  ■mum  Bjrkei.  nut. ^Al 

StaTcrlon,  tb*  Kcv.  T.  w.  £tri»irtnii,  to  tu- 
b«lli,  cMnl  du.  er  lb^  lal*  Hn-  N.  C.  Fn- 
wlck,  VicnofKiUnlck.  W»fanl. 

M.  Ai  OrlMh  Kdw.  Lawk]'  aamrli,  wq. 
MlbIlegt.anlTiDn'iTiii|[uii  oftbeliMJoba 
Hiwortb,  no.  of  UcbOild,  to  Buih-Grac*, 
eUlBI  duB.  or  JahD  Fuieett,  nq.arPdler-bub, 
CnmbFrliud— Atat.  PMer**,  Hmilea.FrutcU- 
ioatt,  cldat  »a  oT  Iba  Btr.  IL  W.  KffHor, 
H.A.  or  HoddBMlon,  Hcrta.  In  OioUdc-KIIu- 
belb,  ild»t  dm.  of  tb«  law  Jobn  Tomx,  taq. 

of  Barton  n.  Eaton  aq. At  SI.  Jaiaei'i, 

PuMiDCton,  Frank  CJiapUn,  »q.  Cap*.  ' 

._.. . u  GaanU,  to  HxrUnnr,  Ihl 

nutriia,  HO.   ur         '-  ' 

.  Major  Frederick ,. 

SKb  Heict.  aOD  of  Uw  laic  Adm.  John  Aj^er 
loUaria-ABDCTunngHldauofJobiiG — "■■- 

oq.  of  Pare  Bdiaa. Al  TnuaitTOi  I 

t*n.  to  Olbarine,  •Kood  dan.  of  Ooniu.  u.  a. 
Fanona,  ao^al  NaTy,  of  Holt  bIJl,  Cbiahln. 

Al  St.  Joha.  Ilampauad^  Iba  Van.  Htttri 

A/aaa,  Incumlirat  of  CbriilcbBrdi,  NlIlM*, 
Soni.  to  HenrittU-Lonln- Richmond,  OBlr 
dau.  Of  Iba  Rar.  John  Aire,  UinlaUr  ol 
3i.  Joba'a  Cbapcl,  Donnibin  bill,  Uanp- 

alaid. At  Hirpendin,    Hirla,   Iba   Bar. 

T.  O.  Owln,  Rci-tor  of  Catnore,  Btrka,  to 
Mirla-AniMa,  ucond  din.  of  John   Hair. 

kina,  «q.  of  BTelandi,  Herta. Al  Hcrtb^ 

TydHi,  dia  R<v.  Gdbert  C.  F.  UarrHi,  U.\. 
—cond  wn  of  Gllbcrl  Jamea   Harriei  caq. 


I.  of  Frincii  Otorrr 
..  .  iBbory,  Jotan  JolliB'e 
iMfntii.  luu.  oq.  of  LaoElry  park,  Ecari,  lo 
eiaanoc-Mirnrel,  yonniMI  d«a.  of  the  Lonl 

DIahop  of   Koebentr. Al   LanEton  luni, 

Blandfonl.  tha  Km.  Ororir  Wilson  KiifkllA, 
Itecior  of  Doniby,  Uncoloablre,  iDfi  of  Iba  Ilia 
Ueat.^COl.  Ktublkr-  1Kb  Ract-  ><>  BmHr- 
BlphlnatODt,  third  dan.  of  the  lite  WlllUm 
n...o.ofL«_ll«0|-  -      -     ■ 


of  the  Ret.  E.  B.  BiMoan,  Raclar  of 

Eeklaaton,  Defb. Al  Ockbmok,  near  Qrrbr. 

tbe  Rev.  Jabn  CtOmrnt,  Canle  ofSI.  Oaoife'* 
Ulrmlngbin.  lo  Bmma.Jane.  eU«M  <tta.  of 

WiUlainUHer,eH.DfOckbKWk. AtStokn. 

near  HilBlead,  the  Rer.  WlUtom  Cbapmu 
BmMutu,  RtcKir  of  Chedbnnh,  RalTilk.  la 
CeclUa.  dan.  of  lb*  IM*  T.  M.  Walab.  eaq^— — 
At  Tkorpe,  Norwieb,  Ibe  Rer.  Tboaiu  Wbits 
Htlme:  Fnp.  Cnnle  of  HanUey,  to  Anne, 
diB.  of  Ibe  U%  vrntUm  Webb,  esq,  of  Folhia 

HE.  HaiT. Al  Doblin,  tbe  Rev.  W.  H.  ffsf- 

■iHiOr  BiIUncaRT,  co.  Limerick,  to  BltaalMlb- 
GaMOD.  only  iDnritlu  diu.  of  Ibelilesiirreoa 
H.  O.  ttufan,  R.N.  oTSUibaae. 
91.    Al  Granmen,  Wealn.  John,   leeoad 
ia_of  ChfiaU[Aer  nWHlm,  eaq.  of  U*«v 

.k'baiD.'namH  AUurtati, 
la  Mar||iirer-Uirla,eiiltii( 

I.  Miurtce  JOQce,  of  J». 

M  SI.  Jane*'*,  WeMboane  um«v 


Ktrlt,     landcn,  m  Chirlotte,jraanger  < 


Major  ^1  naher,  of  Abenleen. Al  HM.    ' 

ton  Solaay.  Derbnbife,  Rer.  Fraud*  Hairr 
Bull,  U-i.  HeadUaaUrof  nirkimrthOnn- 


arid  Btaui,  eaq.  HreeoD  Old  Mnk,  llerthyr 

I'ydli. At  All  SoDli*.  UBCbiu  pi.  Waller 

Kraaci*  Sqnm.eeii.  areoml  too  of  Sit  William 
Uayaea,  Birt  Is  AneUl.aarab,  yonaaer  dan. 
of  the  lite  Wllllim  Uilton,  cmi.  of  Wlmpola 

».  'ai  Uodridfa,  Wore,  Chirle*  a  Btim, 
eiq.  lo  Elliabeth,  lecond  dan.  of  the  lale  Sir 
C.8.SdiHb,  Ban.  of  EanU*tOD,Worc(«trn'blre. 

M.  At  AvbnimMdk,  John  ilaatlnn  Jnt- 
wa.ean.  toBlliBhelh-Eatber-IISie,  eldBl  dku. 
of  lb*  Iter.  A.  U.  Kvanaoa,  lUclar  aiwl  Vicar 


Robert  H'Uod  Oifkrfaad,  Capt.  nd  UMZ    1 

I. -J —  u  I1....I..U. T  dau,  of  Ik*  fitt    I 

leen. Al  r—     ' 

.  Fraud*  H 

irkamrthO 

'  Scbool,  10  Annie,  anljr  dau.  of  Tbo*.  8 

eaq.  of  UladaocuUe. GnrR  Harrr  ClvA^ 

eaq.df  BaScld,ililnl  *oa  of  iBe  Sir.  Tbomaa 
CI*ik*,Vkarorilldlrideyn'.aaBlLtoSellM> 
Maty,  yoaueal  dan.  of  Ibe  lau  Jtdim  Banana 

Uale,  e«q.  of  WeyUII,  llanta. At  akmah, 

O.  A.  BtarU.  eaq.  »tb  Rest.  M.N.I,  lo  Bnun, 
diB.  of  tba  lite  Thomu  Wblle,  eaq.  Bomhn 
CI<U  Serrice.— Al  Dandaa  CaMle,  Jam*  lUii- 
land  Warartp,ai\.  to  AoBa-Uiria,  yoBueat 
daa.  of  Jnnei  Dnndn,  eaq.  and  Caoy  ifar* 

Dnoda*. Al  Si.  Uaiwarat**,  WeMailHlar, 

ftter  Yonnr  Blaek,  eaq.  Solldlor,  Glaaan, 
to  liabelU.  bunh  dan.  of  J.  K.  H'ColliKb,  ma. 
W.  AIBaalbXeliey.Liaealnibl(e,lbeReT. 
BiBuel  Wrixht  Aiulrnn.  UJl.  of  Ouln'  net. 
lo  AD^c-Kfliibelb,  TDonceit  dan.  of  Oswia 
Sklpworth,  **q.  of  MDortan-hOBie,  Fmlh  Kel- 
..  B_.„„    ,ke  Rei,  John  ODpelud 


of  AlIlM 

oflHamlb 


Anne.  Bather,  yoBDK —  _ 
*iuon,  eaq.  of  London.— 
Woriuop.  tt-  "—   "— ■ 


9  Bmoil-LoolM,  Mcood 


A.U. 


K.    Al  tiockinf,  Soatex, 
Iradtoa,  B.A.  only  adnof  FraminifuHn.cM. 
of  Mtnwonb,  Wuwiekiblre,  to  Anok-Uwia, 
third  dan.  of  the  Ber.  T.  ValenUne,  AJI. 

Canon   of  CUcbnter. At    Ikeo,    Bdltaid 

Carter  J/M^MNtaq.orXeiallly.niria,'    " 


ODliMla,  Koib.  to  Aaaa-Wyudban.  **coDd 

din.  of  Ibe  lata  Ourka  Penniddocke,  aw.  of 

FyAeld  Hiaor  booae Al  Wrtncloa,  Kiai, 

WUIongb--  "—  -'--" ■- •  •'- 


iner  Hii^H,  eaq.  ni  nr* 
M.aemnddan,  of  tho  I 


,■  »lar. 


nifw* 


lata  Hnrl  dilirell.  aaq.  of  Femey  bill,  aUop,  !• 
Maniac  Mirnrel.  only  dau.  of  Wllllan  H. 

Hadbnl,  enc|.  of  Itorl*Tin»d. AtCbUTdl- 

aioke,  Salop,  wlHIam  UtUm,  ttq.  yonn.. 
•DO  nf  Ui*  lilc  John  <Jr*«ni'md.  eaq.  Mia 
hooae.  Lauc.  lo  JulU,  only  dan.  of  tbe  laU  &. 

faulet,  «q.  of  Seaforth  bonac,  Laae. At 

Sicter,  Wil1Um.<>aufc.  eldaei  mm  of  W*. 
llletic.  eaq.  J.P.  of  Kllallea,  m.  Kerry,  wd 
Jupmolul,  eo.  Cork,  lo  Mary-ABn.<:uvlli<e. 
only  cblld  of  Ihe  UleCJiarla  Uivlun  » 


680 


OBITUARY. 


Thi  Ea«l  of  Kinma«b. 

Oei.M.  At  Great  MaWern,  in  hU  64th 
jaar,  the  Right  Hon.  Valeatioe  Browne, 
second  Earl  of  Kenmare  and  Viicount 
Castleroste  (1800),  Viscount  Kenmare  and 
Baron  Castleroase  (1798),  in  the  peerage 
of  Ireland,  Baron  Kenmare  of  Castle- 
Roese,  co.  Kerry,  in  the  peerage  of  the 
United  Kingdom  (1841),  the  sixth  Baronet 
(1621-2),  Lord  Lieutenant  of  the  County 
of  Kerry,  a  Privy  Councillor  of  Ireland, 
and  Colonel  of  the  Kerry  Militia. 

Lord  Kennaare  was  bom  on  the  15th 
Jan.  1 788,  and  was  the  eldest  son  of  Va- 
lentine the  first  Earl  by  his  second  wife 
Mary,  eldest  daughter  of  Michael  Aylmer, 
esn.  of  Lyons,  co.  Kildare. 

He  succeeded  to  the  peerage  on  the  death 
of  hii  father,  Oct.'3,  1812;  and  in  1841 
he  was  created  a  Peer  of  the  United  King- 
dom by  the  title  of  Baron  Kenmare  of 
Castle- Rosse.  He  was  appointed  one  of 
the  Visitors  of  Maynooth  College  in  1845, 
having  been  for  many  years  previously  one 
of  its  Trustees.  He  was  a  steady  adherent 
of  the  Whig  party,  but  took  no  active  part 
ill  politics.  In  the  neighbourhood  of  his 
rtaidence  near  Killarney  he  was  much  es- 
teemed for  his  beneficence  and  personal 
worth. 

He  married  July  1,  1816,  Augusta- 
Anne,  second  daughter  of  the  late  Sir 
Robert  Wilmot,  of  Osmaston,  co.  Derby, 
Bart.  Her  Ladyship  survives  him,  with- 
out issue. 

The  Irish  dignities  of  peerage  devolve 
on  his  next  brother  the  Hon.  Thomas 
Browne,  who  married  in  1832  Catharine, 
daughter  and  coheir  of  Edmund  O'Calla- 
ghan,  esq.  of  Kilegorey,  co.  Clare;  and 
has  issue  one  son,  Vdentine- Augustus, 
now  Lord  Castlerosse,  M.P.  for  the  co. 
Kerry. 

Thk  Bishop  of  Dbrry  and  Raphob. 
Oct,  27.     At  the  Palace,  Derry,  aged 
82,  the   Hon.  and   Right   Rev.   Richard 
Ponsonby,  D.D.  Lord  Bishop   of  Derry 
■ad  Raphoe. 

Dr.  Ponsonby  was  brother  to  Viscount 
Ponsonby,  G.C.B.  to  Major-Gen.  Sir  Wil- 
liam Ponsonby,  K.C.B.  who  fell  at  Water- 
loo, and  the  dowager  Countess  Grey.  He 
was  bom  in  Dublin  in  1772,  the  third  son 
of  William-Brabazon  first  Baron  Ponsonby 
of  Imokilly,  (a  grandson  of  the  first  Earl 
of  Bessboroughi)  by  the  Hon.  Louisa 
Molesworth,  fourth  daughter  of  Richard 
third  Viscount  Molesworth,  and  who  mar- 
ried, secondly,  the  Ute  Earl  FiuWUUam. 


He  was  promoted  to  the  deanenr  of  8t 

Patrick's,  Dublin,  in  1818,  and  whilst  he 
held  that  dignity  he  was  m  rerj  popaiku 

Ereacher.  He  was  consecrated  Bishop  of 
[illaloeand  Kilfenora  in  18?8  ;  translated 
to  Derry  in  1831 ;  and  became  insulditioD 
Bishop  of  Raphoe,  in  parsuanoe  of  the 
Church  Temporalities  Act,  on  the  death  of 
Dr.  Bissett  in  1834.  His  Lordship  was  a 
member  of  the  EUsclesiastical  Board,  a 
Governor  of  Erasmus  Smith's  schools, 
and  President  of  the  Church  Edncatioa 
Society. 

*'  The  deceased  prelate  was  distinguished 
for  suavity  and   refinement  of  manners, 
and  it  was  impossible  to  be  broaght  fre- 
quently  into   contact  with   him    without 
entertaining  feelings  of  persoDsl  esteesi 
and  regard  for  him.     Except  daring  his 
attendance  in  Parliament,  it  might  be  said 
that  his  Lordship  resided  constantly  ia  Che 
diocese.    Although  himself  fsronrable  to 
the  National  system  of  education,  he  never 
attempted  to  coerce  his  clergy  into  the 
support  of  that  system,  nor  did  he  confine 
his  patronage  to  its  adherents,  but,  in  a 
liberal  and  impartial  spirit,  sometimes  pro- 
moted its  most  earnest  opponents,  when 
they  had  shown  themselves  faithfhl  in  the 
discharge  of  their  ministerial  functions, 
and  on  various  occasions  he  presided  at 
the  meetings   of  the  Church   Education 
Society.     While  in  health  his   Lordship 
was  always  accessible  to  the  clergy  of  the 
united  dioceses,  and  none  could   charge 
him  with  being  deficient  in  that  qualifica- 
tion which  the  Apostle  Paul  ssys  should 
distinguish   a   bishop  — *  given   to    hospi- 
tality.'     Indeed,    whether    at    home   or 
abroad,  he  was  a  most  amiable  and  agree- 
able companion,  and  his  demise  has   in- 
flicted an  irreparable  loss,  not  only  upon 
his  bereaved  and  sorrowing  family,   but 
upon  a  large  circle  of  friends.*' — Derry 
Sentimel, 

Dr.  Ponsonby  married  in  1824  his 
cousin  Frances,  daughter  of  the  late  Right 
Hon.  John  Staples  by  the  Hon.  Henrietta 
Molesworth ;  and  by  that  lady,  who  sur- 
rives  him ,  he  had  issue  one  son  and  six 
daughters  :  1.  Harriet- Catharine,  married 
in  1835  to  the  Rev.  Thomas  Lindsay, 
Rector  of  Kilrca,  and  died  in  the  following 
year;  2.  Captain  William  Brabazon  Pon- 
sonby ;  3.  Louisa-Elizabeth- EleHDor,  war- 
ried  in  1836  to  Simon  George  Purdoa, 
esq,  of  Tlnerana,  co.  Clare ;  4.  Frances- 
Charlotte;  5.  Mary-Georgians,  whu  died 
young ;  6.  Emily-Augusta-Grace,  married 
in  1852  to  the  Rev.  Charlton  Maxwell, 


1853.]     ladi/  Elizabeth  NoTman.~Lord  C/tarlen  Tnwmhend.     6J11 


under  wolglit  of  ycaia  nnd  c 


Ocl.  4.  At  licr  realdi^DCO  near  Melton 
Mowbrii;,  sged  77,  Lady  Eluabilb  Im- 
belk  Normiui,  tiiKr  to  the  Duke  of  But- 
luid. 

Her  Ladyship  *u  bom  on  the  2HlU 
Se|>t.  1776.  ■n<l  wii  Ifac  eldnt  efalld  or 
Clmrlei  foutib  Duke  of  BntUnd,  I17  Udjr 
Mir;r  liiltUi  SoiDenet,  fifth  daughter  of 
Cliarln-Nofl  foortb  Duke  of  Betufort. 
On  lhe2ltt  Aug.  IVIS,  ilie  nu  mRrned 
to  Richard  NomiDn,  eiq.  a  priiate  gsnllE- 
raan,  wlio  died  a  Mulloa  Mowbray,  on  (he 
Slit  Jkn.  1S47,  attlieageoreigbtr-Diiie, 

Lady  Eliiibeth  Nortnan  woe  a  lidy  o( 
great  amiability,  much  nteemed  by  hec 
eqoahi,  and  honoured  by  bei  depenJaDti. 
during  I  life  deioled  to  llie  proctiiw  of 
«Tery  ChriiliaD  charily.  Her  body  wa« 
interred  on  the  IStb  October  in  the  new 
.  eemetciy  at  Melton  Mowbray,  atleoded  by 
the  wbole  of  ber  lurviting  lani  and  dsu|h- 
(era;  uanielj.  the  Rct.  (Jbarles  Nurman, 
Rector  of  Northnood.  Norfolk  1  tbe  Rer. 
Predrrick  John  Norman,  I^ector  of  Bottco- 
ford,  Leioc«t<rahirc.  wbo  married  111  IK4M 
hiicoutin  Lady  Adeliu  Maoneri;  tlie  Rer. 
GcU*iui  Norman,  Rector  of  Uarby,  Lci- 
L'eitetthlre  i  Richard,  Robert,  and  George 
Noraian,  eoqi. ;  Lieut.  Henry  Nurman, 
R.N.i  Mr«.Straton,  of  Ayleotonei  Mr*. 
Francia  OranI,  of  Mellon  i  Mr*.  Forreatcr, 
of  Bruirley,  Salop  ;  Mra.  Powia,  ^  llch- 
ninrah;  and  Mn.  Knrt,  of  Derbyobire; 
her  atep-daughleni  Mrt.  Catr  of  Pinoer, 
and  Mra.  Pocbin  of  MiitertoD,  Hitb  tlinr 
ictpeclivebuitbandaandwitei  I  her  brother 
Lard  Chorlea  Manncri ;  ber  nephew  the 
M>f>|ne>a  of  Gronby,  and  olber  meoiben 
of  the  family,  10  the  number  of  ibirty-foot. 
The  proceoaioa  wo*  joined  by  more  than 
elgbty  of  the  towuipcoplr,  all  altiied  in 
deep  monrning. 


Lord  Ciiabliii  V.  F.  Tdwhskrnd. 

Hot.  b.  At  St.  Leonafd'a  on  S«a, 
ued  fiB,  Lord  Cbarita  Vere  Ferrari 
TowniheDd,  of  Rajahani  Hall,  Norfolk, 
and  of  Taoiworth  Caailt.  StoffonloUre,  a 
Deputy  Lieutenant  of  Norfolk. 

Uc  waa  tbe  youngtr  lun  of  (tenrge 
oeoood  ManiUBaa  Townihend,  by  Char- 
lotte, Hcuud  dan(hter  of  Eton  Main- 
woriiig  Eikrker,  »<|,  of  Riiby  Park,  York- 
shire ;  and  wa*  born  at  Balli  Park,  Ijcrt- 
fordabirc,  oa  tbe  16th  Sept.  1  ;SS. 


Ue« 
of  tbe  membera  ( 
general  election  of  1813.  Id  IHIH  he  «u 
defeated  by  tbe  Peel  family,  Mr.  William 
Yatea  Peel  being  then  returned  in  coa- 
janclion  with  bia  father  .Sir  Robert ;  hut 
at  the  fire  eubaeqneat  elections  tbe  aeaU 
were  divided  between  theae  two  familisi 
without  furtlier  contest,  and  Lord  Cbarle* 
oat  as  one  of  the  membcrt  until  the  dit- 
■olulion  of  1X35. 

Tbe  preieDtManjaeaa Townihend  hating 
no  cbildren.  Lord  Charlea  was  tbe  heir 
prcaumptire  to  the  peerage;  but  Mr.  John 
Morgelta.  elected  to  parliament  for  Bad> 
min  io  the  year  1M1,  baring  auumed  th« 
courleif  title  of  Earl  of  Leicester,  Lord 
Charles  Towntbend  obtained  in  iH-t' 
act  of  parliament  declaratory  thut 
children  of  Sorah-OardneT  Morcbiontas 
Townabend,  (»b»  had  been  oeparated  frow  ' 
lier  hntband  the  Marqueai  since  the  eifc 
May  IHOd.)  "  are  not,  nor  wero,  nor  oboU 
tliey  nor  any  of  them  be  talieti  (o  be,  ot 
be  deemed,  the  lawfiil  iocue  of  the  a^ 
George- Ferrora.  Marqaeaa  Tovnihend," 
Shortly  oClcr,  Mr.  MsrgelU  auumed,  Iw 
royal  licence,  tbe  niniea  of  Dunn-Gant 
ner,  which  were  thoie  of  hb  maternal 
grandfather. 

Lord  Charles  Townihend  married,  on 
the  !4th  March  1012,  bis  coiuiu  Chatw 
lolle,  eldest  daughter  of  General  WilUoOl 
Lnftus.  by  Lady  Elimbeth  Townabend. 
Lady  Charles  is  still  living,  baling  had  do 

The  neit  male  heir  is  Cspt.  John  Towna- 
bend. R.N.  of  Bslls  Park,  Hertfordshire, 
M.H.  for  Tamwortb,  elder  ion  of  the  lata 
Lord  John  Townshend.  son  of  the  Artt 
Marqueii, 


81B  81MOH  Bbadstbert,  Bart. 

Ort.  2b.  At  Ctontsrf.  near  DnhllB,  in 
his  B3d  year.  Sir  Simon  Bradslreet,  the 
fourth  Baronet  of  Slracummie,  co.  Ktl- 
dare  (17591. 

He  waa  bom  at  MespU,  Upper  Leeson- 
alrect,  Dublin,  in  1771,  and  was  tbo  son 
Slid  heir  of  Sir  Samuel,  the  third  Baronet, 
•one  time  Recorder  of  Dublin,  and  M.P. 
for  that  city,  and  afterworda  one  of  tl 
Jtuticts  of  the  King's  Bench,  by  Min  • 
Tully  of  Glosnetin.  He  succeeded  Ua  ] 
father  in  March,  i;9l. 

Sir  Simon  was  formeily  the  posseaor  ti  1 
large  estate*  In  Ireland,  which  bare  liaes  T 
nearly  oil  paioed  away  Into  other  bondfa 
Be  was  an  old  folluwer  nt  Daniel  O'CoB* 
ny  yrari  a  member  of  tba  1 


"r", 


lie  married  Mies  Murphy  of  Dublin, 
and  is  sacoecded  by  hii  son,  now  Sir  John 
Braditrect,  bom  in  1813. 


632 


Obituary. — aS'iV  WiUima  Betham. 


[Dec. 


Sir  William  Brtham. 

Oct.  2G.  At  his  residence,  Rochfort 
House,  Blackrock,  near  Dublin,  Sir  Wil- 
liam Betham,  Knt.  aged  74,  Ulster  King 
of  Arms  of  all  Ireland,  Genealogist  of  the 
Order  of  St.  Patrick,  Deputy  Keeper  of 
the  Records  of  the  Birmingham  Tower  at 
Dublin  Castle,  and  Keeper  of  the  Par- 
liamentary Records  of  Ireland,  M.II.I.A. 
F.S.A.  F.L.S.  Member  of  the  Royal  Aca- 
demy of  Sciences  at  Lisbon,  5cc.  &c. 

Sir  William  Betham  was  born  at  Strad- 
broke  in  Suffolk.  He  was  one  of  the 
numerous  family  of  the  Rev.  William 
Betham,  sometime  of  Stonham  Aspal  in 
Suffblk,  and  afterwards  Rector  of  Stoke 
Lacy,  Herefordshire,  author  of  Genea- 
logical Tables  of  the  Soveieigns  of  the 
World,  folio  1795,  and  of  a  Baronetage  in 
fife  volumes  quarto,  1801-1H05. 

He  was  originally  bred  to  the  business 
of  a  printer  in  London ;  but  appears  to 
have  inherited  from  his  father  a  taste  for 
genealogy  and  anti(|uicies.  His  first  lite- 
rary labour,  we  believe,  was  to  revise  the 
third  and  fourth  volumes  of  the  second 
impression  of  Mr.  Gou^h's  edition  of 
Camden's  Britannia,  in  which  he  was  em- 
ployed by  Mr.  Stockdale,  the  bookseller, 
in  Piccadilly.* 

About  the  vear  180.')  he  went  to  Dublin 
mi  clerk  to  Sir  Chichester  Fortcscue  (then 
Ulster  King  of  Arms)  and  Athlonc  pursui- 
vant. In  or  before  the  year  1  HOD  he  was  ap- 
pointed Deputy  Ulster,  and  on  the  death  of 
Sir  Chichester  in  1S'20  he  became  Ulster 
King.  In  18 12  he  was  appointed  Genealogist 
Attendant  on  the  Order  of  St.  Patrick,  on 
which  occasion  (on  the  15th  July),  he  re- 
ceived the  honour  of  knighthood  from  the 
Lord  Lieutenant.  In  18 1<)  he  attended 
as  Deputy  Ulster  at  the  fourth  Installa- 
tion of  the  Knights  of  St.  Patrick  in  St. 
Patrick's  cathedral,  which  was  very  mag- 
nificently performed,  chiefly  under  his 
direction.  Soon  after  his  arrival  in  Ire- 
land he  was  also  appointed  Deputy  Keeper 


of  the  Records  of  the   late    Birmin^lijiB 
Towerf  at  Dublio  Castle. 

These  offici.il   appoiutmeats  were  lesi 
desirable  from  their  actual    emolomeDts, 
than  from  the  facilities  which  thej  afforded 
for  pursuing  the  researches  connected  witii 
his  professional  engagements  as  a  henM. 
'*  The  fees   for  searches  in   Birminghan 
Tower,  and  the  Parliament   Records  (Sir 
William  stated  in  1837),  hare  not,  I  vehlj 
believe,  netted  me  10/.  a  year:^  the  pria- 
cipal  business  has  been  returns  required 
by  Parliament  and  Government,  for  which 
I  get  nothing  whatever,  but  an  allowance 
of  40/.  late  Irish  cnrrency  per  annum  for 
a  clerk.     And  the  searches   in  the  Office 
of  Arms,  before  I  had  it,  did  not  pay  die 
salary  of  a  clerk  :   so  that  m  j  emoluments 
in  that  respect  would  scarcely  tempt  the 
jealous  avidity  of  any  one.      My  emolu- 
ments arise  from  my  private   collections 
of  r^erencti  to  records,   which    I    have 
collected  and  compiled  for  the  last  thirty 
years,  with  almost  incredible  labour  and 
application ;  which   now  consist  of  many 
hundred  volumes,  all  methodized,  indexed, 
and  rendered  easy  of  reference  in  every 
possible  way :  by  which  I  am  enahled  to 
assist  a  solicitor,  or  other  inquirer,  on  any 
given  subject,  genealogical,  topographical, 
legal,  or  any  other  ques^tion  on  which  the 
records  in  any  office  can  throw  light.     1 
can  generally  make  out  the  descent  of  pro- 
perty, or  heirship  of  law,  to  any  given 
individual,  and  point  out  the  records  to 
establish  the  necessary  facts,  in  a  few  days, 
or  perhaps  hours,  and  for  a  few  pounds 
(or  even  shillings)  fee  ;    which,  without 
my  books,  would  occupy  weeks,  months, 
and  even    yenrs   to   accomplish  ;    and   ia 
some  cases  could  not  otherwise  be  made 
out  at  nil. 

**  I  have  abstracted  all  the  ancient 
records  of  Birmingham  Tower,  as  well  the 
Rolls  of  Plea^,  as  those  of  the  Patent  and 
the  Pipe.  1  abstracted  the  Inquisitions 
in  the  Rolls  and  Chief  Remembrancer's 


*  Of  this  edition  Mr.  Gough  superintended  (and  very  much  enlarged)  the  first  volume 
only  ;  after  which,  the  proi)erty  having  changed  hands,  he  publicly  disclaimed  any  con- 
nection with  the  remaining  three.  (Sec  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  vi.  p.  283.) 
The  second  was  printed  and  edited  by  Messrs.  Nichols.  The  two  others  were  produced 
(during  the  same  time)  by  other  printers,  under  the  care  of  Mr.  Betham  *.  and  the  com- 
pleted work  was  published  in  1807  by  Mr.  John  Stockdale. 

t  The  present  Record  Tower  is  sometimes  called  the  Birmingham  Tower,  but  pro- 
perly it  is  the  Wardrobe  Tower.  The  Birmingham  Tower,  in  which  the  records  were 
formerly  deposited,  wai  taken  down  before  the  year  1800. 

X  For  the  safe  custody  of  the  valuable  records  of  the  Birmingham  Tower  Sir  William 
was  paid  out  of  the  public  purse  the  annual  sum  of  12/.  \2s.  As  the  head  Keeper  the 
present  Earl  Stanhope  has  been  in  the  receipt  of  a  salary  of  500/.  late  Irish  currency 
(461/.  lltf.)  from  the  tlatc  of  his  patent,  Nov.  29,  1805.  Upon  his  lordship's  death  his 
salary  will  be  abolished  in  pursuance  of  the  Act  57  Geo.  111.  ch.  62.  As  Keeper  of 
the  Parliamentary  records  Sir  William  received  no  salary  whatever.  Prior  to**-* 
ing  of  the  Act  above  mentioned  a  salary  of  923/.  U.  Sd.  was  paid  to  the 
records.  To  the  office  of  Ulster  a  salary  of  only  75/.  134,  4d.  is  aanex' ^ 
11 


1853.] 


Obituary. — Sir  WitlUim  Betham. 


Offien  bcFare  tha  Rtcord  Comnitsioa 
uistcil ;  kIio  the  whale  of  th«  niUs  in  tba 
PrErogitiip  Office,  from  the  earlfrst  period 
to  the  7CBr  ISOO;  Clie  Adminutntioiu 
■nd  Marriage  Licences,  which  irc  now 
irranged  in  dictionirj  order,  and  the  tatter 
in  tabular  arrangemenl,  ao  that  all  jjei- 
S0D9  or  one  tisme  may  be  rnimd  wilh  aa 
much  caH  aa  a  word  in  a  leaicOD. 

"  I  hsTo  alio  acquired  by  pnrchaic 
fnanj  MS.  worki  bj  othen,  both  ancient 
and  modem,  u  the  genealogical  collectivna     dTsctiul  preeervation. 


633 

collection  of  Iriih  manuicripls,  which  ho 
■old  (0  the  Rojal  Irish  Academy  in  IH&l. 
With  reapect  to  the  nklional  recorUi  of 
Ireland,  Sir  William  Uelham  adiocatcd 
the  coneentratloa  of  them  la  aome  general 
repoiitory.  lotimatelf  acquainted  with 
their  importance  in  an  historical  ai  well 
aa  a  legal  point  of  view,  and  at  the  aame 
time  aware  that  they  are  bat  baatening 
decay,  he  baa  rfpestedlj  urged  Ihe  arc 
'iljr  of  Bome  atlempt  toworda  their  m 


of  the  late  John  Lodge,  in  ten  folio  vo- 
Inmea ;  and  Laie  had  copies  loade  of 
several  of  the  genralogicat  and  historical 
MSS.  in  Trinity  CuUrge  Library  and  other 
depositorie*,  which  assist  in  my  researchea; 
snch  as  abitrscta  of  tbe  pariih  registers  cf 
Dublin,  genealogical  abstracts  from  the 
ancient  pleadinga  of  the  Irish  Cbancerj, 
and  copiei  of  Irish  chaKiilaries  of  mo- 
nastic bouses,  dec.  Kc,  so  that  I  tnay  aay 
I  bare  centralized  a  body  of  infonaation 
into  my  oirn  library,  mch  as  no  indlridual 
can  do  again  who  is  not  endowed  with  the 
same  bodily  bealtb,  ardent  deaire  for  such 
pnnnits,  nnremitiing  assiduity,  unwearied 
applicdiioD,  and,  aboie  all,  the  ready 
access  I  "sa  allowed  to  the  reeords ; 
which,  howeicr,  must  bo  noderstood  not 
to  h^ve  exceeded  the  liberty  prescribed  by 
tbe  mles  of  office  to  others,  or  to  differ  in 
any  respect  but  eaemption  from  the  pay- 
ment of  fees." 

Sir  William  Betham's  greatest  MS. 
work  was  bii  Index  lo  Ihc  Dames  of  all 
persons  mrationeil  in  the  wills  at  the 
PrerogatiTe  Office  in  Dublin.  It  ooDsists 
of  furly  Urge  folio  loluoici ;  begun  in 
le07,  and  not  oompleted  before  I82H, 
during  a  great  part  of  which  period  he 
devoted  to  it  from  eight  to  ten  hours  a 


Among  the  ir 


coUeetanea  which  were  purchased  by  Sir 
William  were  Ihe  re|>rr>ories  which  bad 
been  made  for  Mr.  William  Lynch  to  tbe 
ancient  recoidi  of  the  Eicliequer  of  Ire- 
land, deposited  with  the  Chief  Remem- 
brancer of  that  conrt.  Theae  he  pur- 
chased for  the  sum  of  200/.  He  was  also 
sometime*  the  purchaser  of  original 


Irish  Record  Cofo- 
miesion  was  constituted.  Sir  William 
Uetham,  beins  then  Deputy  Keeper  of  tha 
Records  of  Birmingham  Tower,  in  con- 
junction with  Mr.  Warburton,  was  st  Ouce 
appointed  one  of  Ihe  Sub-Couimimiooer* 
"for  the  purpose  of  arranging  and  me> 
thodiaiiig  the  severs)  recorils,  rolls,  books, 
and  papers  in  that  repository ;  and  of 
making  proper  indeiea  to  the  same,  and 
also  of  preparing  a  general  catalogae  or 
repertory  thereof."  Mia  own  aceoont  of 
his  conduct  in  that  capacity  is  a>  follows : 
"  I  projected  the  new  Calendar  to  the  Wills 
in  the  Prerosatire  Office,  and  acted  till  the 
beginning  otIBia.  But  J  saw  phdnly  that 
tbe  system  on  which  the  Commission  wiis 
conducted  was  to  do  Iho  least  possible  good 
at  the  greatest  eipense  ;  and  that  it  would 
not  confer  aJequalo  advantage  on  tiie 
country,  and  little  credit  on  iIiom  eon- 
cerned.  1  therefore  resigned,  and  gave 
my  reaion*  for  so  doing.  Sin«  which 
time,  until  Ihe  superseding  of  the  Com- 
misaioo  [in  1030],  I  had  nothing  what- 
mci  lo  do  with  ll,  cxoept,  when  ealled 
upon  by  Ihe  Gotcrninent,  I  gave  mj  opi. 
nion  on  what  I  coniidered  an  iinprovideol 
and  wasteful  expenditure  of  the  public 
money."*  (Obwrvalioni,  Sic.  p.  18.)  On 
the  aupcnediug  of  the  Commission,  the 
lUsenpI     pspcn,  documcnti,  books,  and  transeripla 


nslaocc,  a  Book  of  Re- 
cogniisnro.  which  (like  the  recoil  which 
were  lately  brcnght  back  from  Swilierlud 
tbrongh  the  intrrvejition  of  the  Rev.  H.  T- 
EUioombe)  hsd  been  formerly  de{w«ited 
in  one  of  the  public  Record  depositories  Conocil 
of  Dnbhn.    He  had  also  furmed  a  vainable     


ftdcd  lo  his  care,  to  be  pi 
in  the  Record  Tower  at  Dublin  Castle. 

Sir  William  Betham  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Royal  [lish  Academy  about  tbe 
year  IS2J,  nid  shortly  afler  hi«  admiaaion 
he  became  its  Secretary  for  Foreign  Cor- 
respondence, a*  well  at  an  active  member 
of  Ihe  Council  on  the  Committee  of  Anli- 
qnities.  He  ceased  to  occupy  Ihe  oBlce  of 
Foreign  Secretory  (which  i»  always  held  by 

elected  on  the  Council  In   March    IBIO. 

At  that  period  he  vraa  diaaatisfied  with  th» 

"        ■■  '  I  of  their  refusing 

tbrir  TransaolioQl 


■  fHMeratlalw  on  Ihe  Evidence  taken  before  the  Commillee  of  tbe  House  of  Com- 

■«i*  Record  Commission  in   1836,  and  tbe  Report,  ao  far  as  il   rvftn  to  tbe 

■  Mto.  pp.  -ifl.     In  thia  pamphlet  Sir  William  defended  tbe  atate  of  the 

'~         n  Dublin  from  the  cursory  but  condemaatofy  remai-ka  mnt« 

in  question.  ^  ^ 


Obit  CAR  Y^i^iV  ffilli 


bit  philologicil  papen. — more  particBlarlr 
one  on  the  Bugnhiin  intcriplioDs  (lee 
the  Sooiety'*  Procndingt,  8»o.  »ol.  i- 
p.  1  ST ) ,  vliicb  ns  condemDCd  in  ■  for- 
mal  report  of  the  Committee  or  Publicn- 
tion,  bat  mbseqiuntlj  (with  certaio  en- 
latgemcDU  lad  modili cation*)  lutrodaced 
iDtDSirWiUkm'fElruriaCfltica.  At  the 
■aoie  time  Sir  William  arrsigoeil  tbe  con- 
duct of  tbe  Council  in  respect  to  the 
upense  idcnircd  in  tbe  publlcstiou  of 
Mr.  Pctrie'«  Eway  on  the  Round  Toweri, 
(which  formetl  a  nhole  lolume  of  the  So- 
eielj'*  TrsnuclioDa,)  and  carried  bU  re< 
moiiitraiice  before  the  Lord  Lientenaat; 
bj  nthoin,  faoseTcr,  tbs  arrangemBats  of 
the  CouDoil  were  approied  (>ee  the  papen 
relative  Co  thii  matter  in  Appendix  No.  I. 
to  tol,  iii.  of  tbe  Proceedinga),  For  live 
or  (is  jean  after  tbi*  Sir  Williain  Betbam 
took  no  part  in  tbe  propcFdingi  of  tbe 
Academj,  and  hewas  not  again  >  member 
of  Council  i  but  in  latter  jienri  be  wai  an 
Dccaiional  contribntor  on  aatiqDHrliui  mat- 
ten.  The  only  papen  of  bis  which  are 
printed  in  the  Society'^  TranaactioDi  were 
all  read  before  it  in  the  mottths  of  May 
and  Jane  lt)3G:  they  are:  I.  On  an 
Aitronomicat  luBtniment  of  the  Ancieat 
iriah;  3.  On  the  Ring  Money  of  the  Celtee* 
■nd  their  Syatem  of  Welghta,  which  appesn 
Id  bare  been  what  ii  now  called  Troy 
Weight  1  X.  On  the  affinity  of  tbe  Pboeoi- 
eian  and  Celtic  Langnigei,  itlustrated  by 
the  Geographical  Name)  in  Ptolemy  and 
tbe  Periplons  of  Arrian.  (All  printed  in 
Tol.  iiii.)  No  Iritb  acholar  could  be  found 
to  agree  with  Sir  Williim  in  hii  pretumed 
Identity  Dr  affinity  of  the  Iriih  language 
with  tbe  Fhcenician. 

Sir  William  Betbam  wat  "lecUd  a  Fellow 
of  the  Sodely  of  Antiqnariea  of  Loudon. 
Hay  6,  18^4,  and  be  alio  mide  occaaional 
communicationi  to  that  teamed  body. 
Two  of  them  are  printed  in  the  Archwo- 
logia,  via.  "  Copies  of  two  llilU  in  Chan- 
cery, retpecting  property  in  Ireland, 
alleged  to  bate  been  uturped  upon  by 
Edmund  Speaaer  the  Poet,''  in  vol.  ixi.j 
and  the  detcriplioD  (with  an  engnting) 
of  an  ancient  Seal,  found  in  a  bog  in  the 
county  of  Derrj,  conjectured  to  hale  be- 
longed to  MorierUgli  O'Neill,  in  rol.  iiii. 

We  are  not  aware  of  any  diallDcI  work 
publiabed  by  Sir  William  Betbam  before 
hie  "  Iriab  Antiquarian  Seacarebu,  or  II- 
Inalrationi  of  Iriih  Uiilory,''  a  eerie*  of 
detashed  paprn,  of  which  the  firal  part 
appeared      ''■  


-a  upon  noble  fa 
WM  proreuioDally  engaged,  one  on  tb< 
ancient  family  of  Talbot,  of  Malalltde.  to. 
Dublin  (fol.  pp.  10),  aod  tbe  athw  m 
that  of  rIemiDf,  of  Slane,  in  tbe  eaaatt 
palatine  of  Meath  (foL  pp.  ^). 

In  leSOhepubliibed"  Oignitit^  WtrnM 
and  Parliamentary,  and  the  Coiutitoliiiail 
Legiilature  of  the  United  ECiagdon,''  lit 
fint  lolume  of  a  work  intended  to  b*  oam- 
tinned  I  and  in  l^:j4,  a  vaiaiae  entitfad 
"  The  Origin  and  Ui«tory  of  tfae  CuNMi- 
tation  of  tlnglaud,  and  of  the  Early  tit- 
liamenta  of  Ireland,"  ira.  The  late  Hk, 
J.  J.  Park,  ProfeiBor  of  Constitutiaaal 
law  in  King'i  College,  London,  gne  Ut 
deliberate  opinion,  that  a  clearer  and  aaor* 
accarate  couception  «f  our  early  convtltu. 
lion  might  be  attained  from  Ihit  lolBma 
than  from  all  the  booiii  on  the  aubjeci  thai 
had  preiriouBly  been  written  put  togeilwr. 


while 


Tccteda 


f  fall 


■tsndard  biitotiei   faaie   bee* 
impregnated. 

Shortly  after  Sir  Williim  pnbtiahMl 
"  Tbe  Gael  and  Cymbn :  or,  as  lni|DlrT 
into  tbe  Origin  and  Iliitory  of  the  Irtifc. 
Scote,  Btitoni,  and  GbdU  ;  and  of  (kc 
Caledoniana,  Plots,  Welsli,  Comi^  a^ 
Bretons.  1834."  Hro.  ;  and,pimua(  tb« 
current  of  the  aame  reiearciw*,  be  altet- 
wardi  prodnced  the  result  Id  hi(  "  Elrum 
Celtica.  Etraican  Uterature  aad  LaHi- 
quicies  inyeitlgated  ;  or,  tbe  LaDgnaga  of 
that  People  compared  and  identllM  silb 
the  Ibcmo-Celiic.  and  both  thowa  t«  l« 
Phoenician.  IM2."  2  toIcHto. 


factory ;  and  It  may  be  regretted  ihM 
tbeee  epccnUtiTC  tludie*  wilhdiew  hit  nt- 
tention  from  thoae  more  tangible  qocaUaaa 
nllecting  our  politiei)  and  coaitilgtMnal 
history,  of  which  he  had  made  IiimMlf  a 
master,  tad  (or  tlio  illustralioa  of  wU^ 
be  had  formed  tuch  ample  cullectiona. 

few  men  have  been  mure  luefal  in 
public  life  than  Sir  WUIiim  Betbam.  |a 
the  absence  of  an  ttish  arialocncy,  Ut 
name  was  one  which  w»  in  great  i  a  iiiwj 
in  the  city  of  Dublin.  As  Pieeideal,  Tia*- 
Presideat,  or  Director,  it  graced  tka  bk 
of  almost  every  public  body.  W«m  a 
chairman  required  lor  any  retigiuua,  c^ii- 
tabte,  or  adentiAa  pHiiMue,  Sir  WUUmm 
Betbam  WBi  always  read},  and  itjHjJ.f^ 
to  render  all  the  ttaittanee  in  bit  ponr. 
To  hit  fellow  laboursra  in  Uh  AaU  ^ 
ieltrtsl  -    - 


■   fei 


lui  publiabed  two  genealogiotl     affording 


leou  and  nhhattnj 
e  faiij  canaUw  «t 
E  butonaa,  U«  a 


.  ....ole  was  alto  printed  in  our  Magoaino  for  April,  18iJ.  |i  )^ 
[•dmittcdby  aniii|uari<t  tlat  tut  WUliaui  waamiitakeain  ngard  fa>  tkU'l 
'  and  tbal  tbe  obje«la  in  qaettion  arc  flhu]>. 


1853.] 


Obiti 


-Sir  William  Buin. 


tfurj.ot  thetMiMlogiit.io  bcwn  alitHTi 
rudj  to  gira  them  the  beneflt  of  hit  ex- 
tenniTe  reailing  uid  reKkroh. 

Sir  WilJiim  Belham  wu  tirioe  inarrieil. 
Hii  fint  irih  itied  abortlr  after  tUeir  ualoa  ; 
leirin^  no  eliildnn.  He  murried  tevondij 
in  \m  Kliubetb,  third  daiiEhter  of  [he 
RsT.  Cedl  Burleigh  Crampton.  Rector  of 
HeadFort,  co.  Gilwuj  (pUDjcer  ion  of 
the  Ven,  John  Cramplan,  Arclidtscnn  of 
Tuim,  and  Rector  of  Headrort,  by  CJiar- 
lotlB  danghter  of  Fienon  Twialcton,  eeq. 
and  liiler  to  Lord  Snye  and  Sele),  sfiter 
to  tliB  Hop.  Pbillp  Cecil  Crampton,  now 
one  of  tbe  Jutlcea  of  Ibe  Qaeen'g  Bench 
in  Ircliud.aad  conna-gemian  to  Sir  Philip 
Cramptoo.  BsrL  M.D.  Surgeon -hl-Ordl- 
nary  to  bet  Majeitr  in  Ireland,  and  to 
Sir  Henrj  Manh,  M.D.  Phy«icUn -in- Or- 
dinary to  her  Mnjestj  in  Irelaad.  By  Ihii 
ladj,  who  aiu^ifei  him,  ho  had  Uane  two 
■oni  and  two  daughter!. 

Hia  dde«t  mh.  Molyneu-Cecil-Joba 
Bfltham,  ecq.  nf  Clargei-aircet.  FiccadilJy. 
ii  a  member  of  the  Iciab  bar.  Cork  Herald, 
and  DepQtj  Ultter;  and  married,  Jiiae  IT, 
1837,  Elliabelh,  only  daughter  of  the  late 
Sir  Richard  Pord,  a  Police  Magjitrale  at 
Baw.gireet,  by  whom  he  baa  iiaae  a  ton, 
CecU-Crampton,  now  at  WetCmlnater 
School,  and  a  daughter.  Sheffield- Philip- 
rUanei,  Sir  William'i  lecond  ion,  ia  Dub- 
lin Herald,  and  reiidei  in  Dublin.  He  li 
married  and  hai  iuue.  Sir  William'a 
two  duigbtfrs  are,  Nioola-Mary,  who  ia 
unmarried;  and  Fr«ace>-Jai>e-Charlutte, 
widow  of  tbe  late  Ref.  Mr.  Harding. 

There  waa  an  eiecllent  buit  of  Sir  Wil- 
liam, by  J.  R.  Jones,  ia  the  late  Dublin 
Ealiibitioa. 


SiK  WiLLIAU    BaIH. 

[A  brief  notice  of  ibis  gentleman  wai 
inarrted  in  our  Itit  Magaiins,  p.  .S32  ; 
but  we  gladly  aval]  onr»l'«*  of  Ibe  follow- 
ioi{  Memoir  from  one  of  hia  moat  intimate 
friend*,] 

Sir  William  Bain  waa  born  in  the  year 
1T71.  of  a  reapeetable  family  reaiding  at 
Cnlron,  In  Pertfaahlre.  EMng  of  an  aetlro 
and  adTcnturoua  diapoattion  he  joined  the 
min«hanl  wrrice,  and  made  acferal  loy- 
Mgn  to  the  Weat  Indiea.  He  next  en- 
lerad  the  navy  in  the  year  II^:i,  and 
Jiiliwd  tbe  Centurion  frigate  under  Admiral 
MoBriik,  in  which  he  waa  engaged  at  the 
'  a  of  Dankirli.  She  aftrrwarda  pro- 
to  the  Eaat  Indira,  haTing  tlie  good 
to  caitture  dS  the  lale  of  France 
■  Royale  of  50  gnn*,  with 
TCBicii.  On  (he  !3nd  Oct. 
Centurion,  in  company  with  the 
X*Snl  three  Prcnch  frigate* 
IB  ^n«.  In  tliia  action, 
Mkeepifig  aloof,  (or  wbicli 


tbe  captain  waa  brought  to  I 
tial,  the  Centurion  waa  aevei 
and  toat  Dearly  hair  her  craw,' 
to  reach  Bombay  for  repairs.  In  1795 
Bain  wu  present  at  tbe  reduction  of  Tria- 
comaler,  and  waa  wounded  wbile  lervlng 
in  the  batteriei  on  shore.  He  waa  nest 
engaged  in  tbe  reduction  of  Malacco,  Ao- 
boyna.  and  Banda,  and  wai  employed  fur 
two  yeara  ofterwarrti  In  guaidlng  contoyt 
and  coaata,  and  ilaiting  ibe  Red  .^ea  for 
intelligence  reipecting  tbe  moTemenli  of 
Bonaparte.  It  ia  not  eaty  to  dewrribe  tha 
aSTere  priTttioni  endured  by  offlcera  ani 
men  on  tliia  scnice  frnm  the  want  of  pra- 
Tiaions  and  scarcity  of  good  water,  la 
1800  tbe  Centurion  and  other  frigatn  wera 
employed  In  blockading  Hataiia,  whera, 
during  file  monthi'  hard  aerrice.  not  i 
day  poiaed  without  ahipa  or  boaia  being  iB 
action.  The  expenditure  of  human  liRi 
waa  enormous;  but  aerenty-one  of  tho 
enrmy'i  veaaela  were  taken  or  deitroyod. 
Mr.  Bain  was  now  employed  in  eruiiins 


Bain  was  now  employed  In  eruiiins 
ERBtem  Archipelago,  where  much 


He 


bard  aeriloe 
ordered  from  the  Straita  of  Bunca  to  Am- 
boyna,  as  master  in  charge  of  two  larga 
abipi  prim  to  the  Centurion,  to  ha  dit< 
posed  of  in  favour  of  the  eaplon.  On  hit 
arrival  at  Madras  from  that  duty  Captain 
Kainier  wu  la  pleaied  with  hIa  conduct 
that  hr  used  e*ery  meani  with  the  com- 
mander-in-chief  to  get  bim  placed  on  the 
liat  or  Lientenant) ;  but,  owing  to  hoatilitiea 
hsTlng  ceaaed,  and  moat  part  of  the  lesaela 
having  been  aent  borne,  he  waa  unaucceii- 
ful.  Captain  Rainier,  boweier,  atill  Bniiona 
to  aerte  him,  and  knowing  that  be  bad 
acquired  with  wonderful  faclUty  both  the 
Hindoicanea  and  Malay  langnogea,  pro- 
cured for  him  the  command  of  the  ship 
Commerce,  which  then  went  to  Amboyni 
to  bring  away  tha  Engliah  goiemor  and 
garriaan,  that  colony  hiving  been  delirered 
over  to  the  Dutch. 

On  his  retam  to  India  Loid  Eimouth, 
then  Sir  E.  Pellew,  advised  Mr.  Buin  to 
re-enter  the  aerrice,  and  appointed  him 
maater  of  tbe  Caroline  and  pilot  of  the 
Cnllodeo,  his  nog-obip.  Hia  lirat  aervtce 
■flCT  thla  WIS  framing  and  maturing  a  plan 
for  [he  deatmction  of  the  Dutch  fleet  at 
Balavii,  and  if  poaiihie  Batavis  itaelf| 
bat  tbii  project  was  for  a  time  arrested 
by  the  intrlligence  that  Jerome  Donapirte,  ' 
with  ten  aail  of  the  line,  had  orrivEd  in  tha 

Having  obtained  an  acirurate  acconni  of 
tbe  naval  force  at  Batarla,  on  the  !5lli 
Oct.  IHI>6.  the  Caroline  daahr<d  ia  Ibmugh 
the  Paramatta  passage,  engaged  the  Maria 


4 


t<ie  Caralino  cnptured  tlieMaria  and  Zceiof 
in  {onj-titt:  miiiutet,  nbile  tbc  other  vei- 
loli.  with  u  number  of  mertliantmen,  cut 
their  cable!  anil  ran  on  shore.  Tiie  euro- 
liae  had  between  .10  and  40  killed  lod 
wonnded  ;  but,  although  amangft  Ibe  lat- 
ter, Mr.  Biln  kept  bi>  p<Mt,  and  would 
QOliiUow  bi>  name  to  he  put  oa  Llie  list. 

Thia  U  ndmitted  to  haie  been  one  of 
Uie  moit  brilliant  aclinns  duiing  Ibe  wor  : 
yet.  owing  to  the  deipalcbea  having  been 
iait  in  the  unrortunsle  BUnbelm,  it  wu 
(carcelj  heard  of  iu  England.  It  mny  be 
proper  to  alate  that  Mr.  Bain  wu  the  only 
peraon  on  board  who  had  eier  been  at 
ia  before,  and  bad  not  Ida  knowlcilge 


t  intrici 


c  been 


accante  the  Caroline 
tured  10  dangeroui  an  eiperimeat.  Cnp- 
tain  Rainier  waa  «o  lensibie  of  thia  cir- 
cumstance tbat  he  handioniely  acknow- 
ledged it  in  a  public  letter  to  their  Lord- 
■hipa.  "  I  cannot,"  he  wrute,  "  apeak 
too  highly  of  Mr.  Baiu.  the  matter,  in 
laying  me  alongside  the  Mana,  and  whoie 
iiccnrate  knowledge  of  Ibeie  seaa  enabled 
me  to  take  the  thip  into  BataTia." 

The  cajilora  brought  with  them  four  of 
tbe  priaei  to  Pulo  Penang,  and  on  the 
271h  January,  ISOT,  tbey  cnptured  the 
Spaniib  annual  regiatcr  ship  St.  Raphael, 
from  Lima  bound  to  Manilla,  having  on 
board  Gie.OOO  doilare.      The  capturo  of 

ia  galleou  eooipleled  the 


ployed  in  the  CbaoDel.  Uie  Cork  a 
America,  and  the  coast  ot  Grvesland,  bol 
no  opportunity  waa  aOordeil  of  rogaciat 
with  tin:  enemj  except  ia  liie  captore  at  ■ 
few  privateers,  ool  sufficient  to  ntia^  tba 
ardent  desires  of  Ibe  offieer*  and  <reli-d>»- 
ciptined  crew.  But  from  this  iwrr  MMt 
TBrious  opportunities  were  athidai  Mt. 
Bain,  whose  mind,  ever  octire,  reqairod  ni 
object  of  punnit,  in  the  ioTeatigatioa  ol 
that  branch  of  magnetic  (cieDee  calM 
Local  Magnetic  Attraction,  and  bia  ah«n- 
vBlioos  and  ei|ieriaieDl>  oo  that  importart 
subji^ct  wer*  published  by  Afeasr*.  Blaok- 
wood  in  18IT,  in  "  An  Eaaay  on  the  V*. 
riatiou  of  tbe  Compaas."  Mtity  of  the 
mathematicians  of  tbe  day  bad  beat 


mployed 


subject,  b 


1   Mr.  I 


lad  called  Itts 


the  long  enjoyed  monopoly  of  the  on 
powerful  Rayiil  PhiUiplne  Company,  er 


:o  Madras,  wheie. 


I  this  and  other 
a  power  of  attorney  was  given 
him  ai  joint  priie-matler;  but  circani- 
flaucea  couneeled  with  public  semce  pre- 
fonled  him  from  renping  the  great  pecu- 
niary benefit  consequent  thereon. 

Ia  Ibe  Phaeton  frigate,  to  wbicli  he  now 
reouved,  while  in  search  of  snme  French 
and  ftpaoisb  treaiurs  Tessela,  he  witneiaed 
tbe  fury  of  a  typhoon,  which  burst  upon 
Ihem  with  iwful  viuleoce,  tearing  all  their 
maats  off  by  the  hoard,  the  boats  being 
absolutely  blown  off  tlie  quarters,  and  the 
ship  herself  Uid  on  her  beam  ends.  It 
was  only  by  the  greatest  eurtiuns  that 
(hia  noble  teisel  wai  tated,  and  brought 
Into  Bombay,  in  company  with  a  Tolnable 
eonvoy  tloia  China. 

Mr.  Ilaiu'i  beallli  having  been  aerioasly 

steoled  by  tlis  arduous  duties  he  had  so 

unspariugly  (oIKllrd,  ba  was  invalided  to 

&B|land,  and  afler  siileeu  years'  atueaca 

_-MWrned  (■>  his  ualire  iborta. 

JnlMIl  ha  waa  appoinlwl  li>  lli«  Sybillt. 
|k«hUfa  fiigalc  be  irned  duHnc  tbe  rv> 

ititt  at  th«  war,  and  •«»  ^ _  •_ 


heart  and  aanj  in  practical  »(|>efi> 
mentt  at  sea.  and  bia  work  waa  tiiiiin.lil 
so  TBtuable  that  be  received  the  lUanlca  ^ 
tbe  Admiralty  and  the  East  India  Co^ 
pany,  besides  various  peduniarjr  aaran^ 

After  the  Peace  he  entered  nnnly  into 
the  subject  of  Steam  Navigatisn,  fniM. 
ing  a  brilliant  future,  and  built  froia  bia 
own  designs,  at  Dundee,  a  vesael  fit  fig* 
ocean  navigation,  larger  Ibao  bdt  th^n 
built  on  the  Easleni  coast,  a 
Tourist,  which 
between  Edinburgh  and  Aberdeen,  aad 
then  from  E'linburgb  to  London.  Thia 
vessel  is  now  in  the  poasestion  of  Um 
General  Stoam  Navigatiuu  Company,  aad 
ia  engaged  in  the  trade  between  Lonilaa 
Bad  Cslait.  Mr.  Bain  afteruardi  oMB* 
manded  Ihe  finest  ateam  teaaels  in  (hia 
employ,  and  iraa  for  many  ycara  bi(Uj 
leapectcd  by  tbo  namcrous  pasacngcn  »lw 
entruatcd  thcmselrcs  under  his  conmasA 
In  1B!S  he  found  time,  liuwever,  to  fof- 
wBrd  to  tbe  East  India  Company  a  alas, 
which  he  had  well  weighed  and  malanO, 
for  employing  steam  to  India  by  the  Ma- 
diterranesn  and  Red  Sea  ;  but  tlua  projad, 
which  is  BOW  to  successfully  carileJ  iMIi 
waa  then  cousidered  impracticable. 

The  harbuura  of  Lcith  and  Newlia*«it 
Dttaclied  to  the  oily  of  Edinbuigb  are  Udal. 
and  afford  litlle  facillly  for  Urge  [laaHapr 
veasela.  To  remedy  this  defect  he  «b«, 
•eyed  the  Coaat  higbir  up  llie  FirUi  af 
I'orlh,  and  found  at  Qrauton  all  tltal  oouM 
be  required  for  ■  noble  port.  Tbe  OibIm 
of  Ducclench,  to  whom  thia  prupertj  b«* 
longi,  shoitif  afler  euterlained  the  lawwi 
idea,  and  hearing  of  the  rtsoinfaca  Uhn 
Mr.  Bale  had  airndy  made,  ha  ttU  Iw 
him.  aJid  was  mnuh  gialified  with  what  h» 
had  dniie.  lie  afterwards  appoinUd  Um 
harbour- master  of  Granton.  wheis  h«  ■*. 
T'.ited  her  Majesty  on  bar  (trsl  t'  ~  ' 
Scotland,  from  whteh  clrt 
the  knowledge  of  bU  past  ci 
ferred  on  him  Ihe  houour  n 

Sir  William  htlil  tbo  a 


1853.] 


Gen.  Mo<illwlon.—LL-Col.  Johuo».—iV.  Arago. 


B37 


birbaBr-muMr  for  Ion  je«ra  with  credit 
to  himEcIf  Knd  to  the  entire  latiBfactioD  of 
bis  noble  emplofer.  But  na  attack  of 
parkljisis  baviDg  miide  it  neccsiiry  foi-  bin 
to  rraign  nil  ocCite  eoiploymeDt,  be  retired 
to  Erith  in  Kant,  uid  lubieqaentlj  to 
Ramford,  where  he  dird  on  the  l^Ih  Sept. 
lajt,  at  the  residence  of  one  of  liis  bodi,  at 
the  nge  of  »2. 

Gbnerai.  Montuolun. 

Lately.  At  Paris,  Ibe  General  Count 
de  Monlholon,  one  of  tbe  ftvouritrt  af 
the  first  Napoleon. 

Hia  father  wa*  colonel  of  a  rcglmcDt  of 
dragoons,  aoder  the  old  lyitcm,  and  the 
foQDg  Muntbolon  entered  the  aneitH  re- 
ginu  army  at  llie  uge  of  lineen.  He  com- 
mencrd  hia  nircer  by  lerring  andfr  Bo- 
naparlc,  ou  (be  celebrated  day  of  Ihc  ISlh 
of  Bramaire,  and  was  in  tbe  liit  of  Ibe 
offieera  who  reoritEd  sworda  aa  mark*  of 
diitinction,  from  tbe  first  Consnl  on  that 
memorable  occasion.  [t  ia  nndcrdtood 
Ibat  Kapoleon,  wbeu  only  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  of  artillery,  in  1792,  liad  known 
and  noticed  Monlholon  in  CaralcA.  Uow- 
Cfer  that  mny  be.  it  i>  certain  that  Iba 
young  Mildicr,  from  hii  entrance  into 
public  life,  sloscly  connected  Uii  fortunes 
with  those  cf  bit  nailer.  Appointed 
aidfde-eamp  tn  Minbal  Bcrtbier  before 

be  bad  altiiaed  the  age  of  Iwenly-onp,  be 
terred  in  that  capacity  in  every  campaign 
BUbieqaenC  to  'bat  period,  and  distin- 
guished himself  in  ■  more  eminent  degree 
at  the  battlet  of  Auitertiti,  Wagnim, 
Jena,  and  t'riedland.  During  a  lime 
"hen  tbe  stale  of  his  health  and  the 
effects  of  his  nouridi  did  not  (lermil  him 
to  undergo  tbe  fatiguPt  of  actaal  military 
aenice.  Napoleon  employed  him  in  vari- 
ous impDrlanl  missions,  and  attached  him 
to  bis  own  penoo  as  one  of  bia  Cbam- 
berUina.  He  wdb  afterwards  appointed 
to  the  oomtnand  of  Ibe  department  of  tbe 
Loire,  and  wsa  proceeding  to  oppose  a 
vigorous  resistance  to  the  AoitriinB. 
when  he  received  the  news  of  the  Empe- 
ror's abdication.  Hia  first  thought  waa 
to  resign  his  cominand,  and  hasten  to  his 
OMBler  at  Versaillei.  From  this  hour  bis 
fata  and  that  of  Napoleon  became  insepa- 
rable. He  held  the  rook  of  General 
during  tbe  one  hundred  days  ;  he  served 
Napoleon  ai  Cbambertain  after  the  battle 
of  Waterloo,  both  at  the  palace  ElysJe  and 
at  HairoataoD  ;  and,  finally,  with  bis  wife 
and  children,  volnntarily  partook  of  tbe 
ei-Emperor's  imprisonmenl  at  St.  Hc> 
lena,  and  continaed  with  him  till  tbe  pe- 
riod of  his  decease. 

Hr  leaves  a  widow,  who  Is  an  .Irish 
lady,  and  a  bod.  who  cannot,  however,  It 
is  believed,  succeed  to  the  Ulle  in  codh- 


qneoce  of  the  circumstances  coaneotcNl 
with  his  birth.  General  Montholon  su(< 
ferred  occuionally  and  severely  fi^m  k 
wound  which  be  received  in  battle,  aad 
which  had  never  been  tboronghlj  bealedi 
He  hod  at  one  lime  a  large  fortune,  hot 
lost  it  in  comniercin!  and  mannfacturisi 
speculation?.  For  some  years  bis  meana 
must  have  been  very  limited. 


ListrT-CoLosai.  D.  E.  Johnson. 

LattI]/.  At  St.  Uelier's.  Jersey,  Lisa-  ' 
CenaDt- Colonel  David  England  JohnaaBf  I 
late  of  Devonsbire. 

He  served  16  years  in  tlie  Oth  Fusiliera, 
having  joined  his  regiment  in  Guernsey  in 
IBOi.  His  commissiODi  were  datcd~2iii 
LieutrnaDlSchFeb.  l!^04;  Lieutenant  and 
Adjutant,  29lh  Dec.  IH04;  Captain.  12th 
March,  1912  i  Breiet-Mnjar,  3«nd  Joljp, 
1830 1  Major  (by  nurcbaie).  29lh  Dao. 
1837;  Lieulenanl-Culonel,9thNo*.  1846. 
He  embarked  with  Uia  regiment  in  laOQ 
on  the  eipedilioo  to  Hanover,  and  i 
shipwrecked  and  taken  ptiiuuer  ;  acca 
panied  tbe  eipedition  to  Sontb  Ameriok  ' 
in  1S06,  aod  via  preient  at  the  slormini. 
of  Buetins  Ayreai  served  afterwards  in  tlw 
Peniniulo,  from  June  li^OS  to  Jan.  1809, 
and  from  June  1809  to  Dec.  IBIS  (during 

Ibe  interval  be  ws«  kiek  in  hoipltil),  In- 
cluding the  batllea  of  Roleia,  TimierB) 
Lugo,  Corunon,  Busaco,  lUdinba,  Sabugal, 
where  he  was  wounded,  Fuenlcs  d'Onor, 
El  Bodon,  the  first  siege  of  Badajoi  and 
assault  and  capture  of  tbe  eitidel,  the  siege 
and  Blorining  of  Ciudad  Rodrigo,  wbers 
he  was  aeverely  wounded  at  Ibe  assault, 
and  the  battle  of  Salanunca.     For  theae 


He  I 


M.  A 


n  years  in  the 


Ocl.  1.  At  Ibe  Observatory,  Paris,  in 
bia  GStb  year,  Dominique  Frani^ois  Jean 
Arago,  Director  of  the  Ubservalory,  Per* 
pet<ul  Secretary  of  the  Academy  of  Sci- 
eucea,  and  grand  officer  of  Ibe  Legion  of 
Honour. 

M.  Arago  wu   born  in  tbe  village  of 
Estagel.  near  Pcipigoan,  in  tbe  Pyrenees, 
on  the  2Gtb  Feb.  ITHIi.     Gifted  by  natal«(| 
with  powers  of  a  higher  order  than  Q 

which  are  ordinarily  bestowed  on  man. 

poBseaaed,  or  acquired,  babita  of  induttlTl  ■ 
which  enabled  him  to  develope  them  in  aQ  I 
their  fiiloeoa.     Uke  Ihe  majority  of  miHf  ■' 
great  men,  he  was  the  architect  of  hia  am    I 
fortnoe.    When  a  youth  In  the  College  of  ' 
Perpignan,  hia  ambition  waa  eiciled  by  the 
appearance  of,  and  tbe  respect  paid  to,  an 
engineer  fn  thef.     He  learned  that  thii 
honour  might  be  obtained  by  means  of  llM 


6SS 


Obituary.— ilf.  Arago, 


[Dec. 


PolTtechnic  School,  and  that  a  searching 
examination  in  matliematic«i  mast  be  gone 
thmuch  to  insure  bis  admission  to  that  in- 
stitution. I'pon  this,  he  seriously  com- 
menced matlienintical  studies,  and  in  1804 
he  entered  the  school  in  question  with  the 
highest  htmours. 

In  IHfMJ,  when  only  twenty  years  of 
agt*.  so  much  hnd  he  distinguished  him- 
stlf,  that  ho  w.i>  appointed  a  Secretary  of 
the  Itoard  of  !.i>n)*ilude  ;  and  almo>t  im- 
metliately  afterwards,  his  acquirements 
hsTin^  attracted  the  attention  of  Monge, 
he  was  nvom  mended  as  n  tit  ting  assistant 
to  liiot  fi)r  undertaking  the  measurement 
of  an  arc  of  the  meridian  in  Spain.  This 
scientific  Inbuur  was  eonsiderahly  advanced 
in  Iso;,  when  IJiot  returned  to  Paris, 
leaTJng  Arago  in  charge  of  the  important 
work.  The  w«r  commencing  at  this  time 
between  Framv  and  Spain  put  nn  end  to 
thi<  scientific  mission ;  and  the  young 
mathematician  had  to  make  his  escape 
from  im  enraged  and  ignorant  peasantry 
in  disguise.  He  e.<cnpcd  death  only  to 
l>ecome  a  prisoner ;  and  when  eventually 
lib«'mted  by  the  Spaninnls,  he  fell  into  the 
hantls  of  an  Al);erine  I'orsnir,  and  re- 
mained in  captivity  until  lSt»9.  At  the 
age  of  twenty-three,  Araf;n  returned  to 
Paris  ;  and  on  tlie  ^death  of  the  great 
astronomer  Lalamle,  as  a  reward  for  his 
seal,  he  wa-*  elwted  a  member  of  the  In- 
stitute of  France— in  the  Astronomical 
Section.  Within  a  very  short  period,  he 
was  also  appointe»l  Professor  of  Analysis, 
(fcojlesy,  and  Social  Arithmetic  to  the 
Pidytechnic  Schi>ol. 

M.  Arago  was  the  author  of  more  than 
sixty  distinct  Memoirs  on  various  branches 
of  scientv.  His  first  essay  was  read  before 
the  Institute  on  the  24th  March,  l^()().  It 
wa-*  an  investigation,  in  which  he  was  as- 
sisted by  llicit,  On  the  Atfinitiis  of  Bodies 
for  l.ii^lit,  and  particularly  on  the  Uefract- 
inu  Powers  of  dilTerent  (Jases.  With  M. 
Petit,  he  invistigated  *•  The  Refractive 
Powers  of  certain  Liquids,  an<l  of  the 
Vapours  formed  from  them."  With  Frcs- 
nel.  he  exninined  •«  The  Acti.>n  which  the 
Itiys  of  P.)Iarized  Light  ex»Tcise  upon 
each  other  ;"  and  on  those  subjects  much 
valuable  matter  will  be  found  in  his 
Memoirs.  Amon^  his  more  important 
Astronomical  essays  were  those.  On  the 
Comets  of  Short  Period,— On  the  Pendu- 
lums of  MM.  Hre-uet.— On  Chronome- 
ter^,—On  the  Doiddc  Stars,- and  on  the 
vexed  quc«ti(m,  Does  the  Moon  exercise 
any  apprteiable  Intluence  (m  our  Vtmo- 
sphere?  He  aUo  wrote  On  Nocturiyil 
Radiation,-.The  Theory  of  the  Formation 
of  J)ew  ;  atid  other  allied  subjects.  In- 
deed the  whole  of  the  phenomena  to  which 
Ur.  M  ells  had  directed  attention  in  his 


excellent  work  On  Dew  were  thonrarUj 
investigated  by  M.  Arago.  His  menoifi 
on  The  Ancient  Relation  of  the  Diiferest 
Chains  of  Mountains  in  Earope.— The 
Absolute  Height  of  the  most  Remarkable 
Ridges  of  the  Cordilleras  of  the  Andes.— 
Historical  Notices  of  the  Stestm  Eogise,— 
On  Explosions  of  Steam  Boilers, — Uii- 
toricid  Notices  of  the  Voltaic  Pile,— and 
those  connected  with  the  Polarization  of 
Light,  the  phenomena  of  Magnetic  Rota- 
tion, and  on  the  Egyptian  Hieroglyphics, 
were  also  of  a  most  important  character. 

The  French  nation  mar  be  jostlj  proud 
of  such  a  man  as  Arago  ;  bat  in  their 
eagerness  to  do  honour  to  his  name  they 
have  claimed  for  their  philosopher  discove- 
ries  to  which  his  title  may  be  disputed. 
Amongst  these  is  the  electro- magnet, 
which  common  consent  has  allowed  to  be 
the  invention  of  Sturgeon  * — and  again, 
although  Arago  extended  the  inquiry  into 
the  remarkable  phenomena  of  magnetic 
rotation,  the  preliminary  researches  of  Sir 
W.  Snow  Harris  should  not  be  forgotten. 
The  weakness  here  indicated  is  one  com- 
mon to  our  French  neighbours),  and  from 
which  the  distinguished  man  of  whom  we 
write  was  himself  far  from  free.  On  several 
(Occasions,  M.  Arago  endcavonred  to  claim 
for  his  countrvmen  discoveries  which  fasd 
long  previously  lieen  made  in  England  aad 
elsewhere.  On  one  of  these,  when  dis- 
cussing the  merits  of  the  discoTerj  of  a 
Frenchman,  he  was  reminded  that  aa 
£ni(Ushman  had  already,  through  M.  Biot, 
made  his  invention  known  in  France  hv  a 

• 

communication  to  the  Academy  of  Sciences: 
—he  declined,  however,  to  withdraw  the 
claim,  on  the  expressed  ground  that  it  was 
for  the  honour  of  France  that  he  shook! 
maintain  it.  The  same  feeling  was  shown 
in  M.  Arago's  Historical  Elogc  of  James 
Watt — in  which  he  claimed  for  Papin  a  po- 
sition certainly  due  to  Savery,  Newoomeo, 
and  Watt.  Still  more  recently  he  took  a 
similar  part  in  the  discussion  respecting 
the  rival  claims  of  Adams  and  LcTerrier 
to  the  discovery  of  the  planet  Neptune. 

In  order  to  give  to  the  public  all  the 
Hdvanta:;es  of  the  discoveries  of  science 
with  the  least  possible  deldy— and  vrith  the 
utmost  freedom  from  mere  technicalities, 
M.  Arago  established,  in  HI 6,  in  con- 
nexion with  M.  Gay-ljussac,  the  Annmitn 
de  Phytique  et  de  Chimie: — and,  on  his 
pressing?  representation,  on  the  13th  of 
July,  183.%,  the  Academy  commeaosd,  fai 
charge  of  its  Per|ietual  SccretatiM,  hm 
Coihptet  Hendns  H^hdumadairtw, 

In  1H:U),  he  wa>(  made  Director  of  ths 
Observatory,-  and  he  succcded  For-' 
a  Perpetual  Secretarv  of  the  Ac 
Scii'uces.  -»hlc  aetivir 

and  un-  v  ImI 


V 


1^53-1  Ubiti 

difficulty  through  an  ninount  ot  labour 
whic^h  would  hare  orervbelmed  an  ardi- 
iiBrj  man.  Tbete  wni  a  remu-kahla  clear- 
nai  in  liia  percciitiaa  of  Ihose  mtttcra  to 
which  hia  attention  was  Jirected,  He 
rsadily  stripped  them  of  gnf  idrentiliouc 
clouding  or  uijilrr]!  bjr  which  the]'  might  be 
HtrrDUn  Jed,  and  fcarlcMlj  and  energeticall; 
eipreeud  hii  canvictiom.  In  polilici,  he 
was  a  coniistent  philosophical  Bvpnblicio; 
and  wc  find  in  hie  UtUo  iL  MM.  lea  Glec- 
tenn  de  rArrondiieemrnt  dc  PcrpisnaD  in 
tB31.  hi>  Lettre  aur  Ici  yorts  i^teUt, 
and  hia  Lettre  lar  rBmbailillemenI  de 
Psrii,  in  18.13,  evidencei  of  n  bold  and 
liberal  mind  enr  aliie  to  tlic  aocinl  Id- 
tereita  of  hi>  fKllow  men.  Aa  a  deputy, 
H.  AmgD  deliiered  a  great  nnmber  or 
tpecchea  to  the  Cliambor.  Spcnking  of 
thcae,  M.  CormEnia  eajs — "  There  it 
■omething  perfectly  lucid  in  hit  demon- 
itrationa.  His  manner  is  loexprrMiTc  that 
light  leeme  to  iasue  from  hi)  eyea,  from  hit 
lipa,  froui  bit  very  liogen.  He  inlcrweaiea 
in  hia  diicouracs  tho  oinst  cauatic  apprata 
to  miniaten— apptali  which  drfy  gJl  aa- 
swer — the  tnoft  piquant  anFcdatea,  which 
aeem  to  belong  nainrally  to  tb<;  ribi«:t, 
and  which  adom  without  OTerloadiiig  lU" 

In  18-18  ho  w«(  elected  a  member  of  the 
Council- Gene  ml  of  the  Seine.  He  wai 
named  a  member  of  the  Pruiiiioiial  Go- 
vernment—and  Mbister  of  War  and 
MaHne  ad  inttrim.  He  laboured  with  all 
honesty  to  inbdue  the  tempeit,  and  dis- 
played hia  courage  in  Ibe  aad  daya  ot  Jnly 
in  the  atreeti  of  Parii — endeavouring,  bnt 
in  vain,  to  itay  the  hand  of  the  alayer  : — 
but  the  mult  put  an  end  to  the  political 
career  of  the  philoiopber.  A-nolhtr  strong 
evidence  of  moral  and  political  courage 
WKi  giien  by  M.  Ara^ o  in  hia  refuial  when 
lumuioued  a*  a  public  officer  to  take  the 
oatha  to  lbs  GoverunieDt  of  Lonii  Napo- 
leon, Rather  than  aacriAec  hii  priacipin 
he  reiolved  to  quit  the  Obacrvalory,  and, 
b  his  old  age,  ceal  liimtelf  upun  the  world. 
This  reaiatanoe  waa  made  the  more  remark- 
able by  ita  resulr.  Befarebii  aCtilndetbe 
apirit  of  menace  reUealed.  Government 
made  an  eicej>lii>a  in  hii  favour  : — and  at 
hia  death  he  itill  held  the  public  otGcca 
which  he  filled  si>  well,  and  which  he  ao 
highly  adorned. 

The  Iroublra  of  his  later  days — or  rather 
Ihoa*  of  hia  country — deeply  i 


-M.  St.-miairt.  61 

from  llie  aid  which  he  gave  to  science 
all  its  departmeuta  by  bii  prompt  and  a 
failing  penetration.      Owing  to  bi«  rani 
i]Ua1iB cation 3,     the     universality    of    hia 
geniua,   aud   his  remtrkahle  industry,  ba 
]>Uced  bimBelf  in  tbe  relation  of  centre  to    , 
a  cyatem, — and  became  the  gnidiag  ag^ 
directing  power  to  an  eileuaive  claaa  of   I 
European   pliiloaophers.      A  member  of   I 
nearly  all  the  acientific  aocictiei  in  Europe,    ' 
he  wu  tbe  point  uniting  them  in  ■  oomnun 
bond.     Id  erery  part  of  tbe  oitiliaed  worU    . 
hia  name  was  regarded  with  reverenoc, — 
and   all  fclcntiSe  communitiet  felt   that 
they  bad  loat  ■  friend  when  they  beard  of   I 
the  death  of  tbe  Mtronotoer  of  France. 

In  hii  career  aa  a  ataleiman  bis  acni 
pnloua  inlcgrity,  tbe  purity  of  hia  conduct  , 
■Dd  the  perfect  diaiDlerestedneit  with  whl^ 
he  devoted  himaelf  to  the  tervict  of  tb> 
Stale,  as  for  removed  above  the  abadow  qf 
Bospicion  of  sordid  motives  as  ever  waa  id 
old  Roman  in  ihe  best  times  of  tbe  Bb- 
public, — have  been  often  the  subject  of 
unstinted  praise,  eten  from  thoao  wboM 
opinions  most  widely  dtSered  frum  hie,  and 
Kbo  were  the  most  oppoaed  to  the  EOTorti- 
ncnt  of  which  bu  wu  a  membtr.  U<  wu, 
in  fact,  a  thorough  Republican  b  hls  prlit- 
civleg,  and  conacientiouily  attached  to  that 
tchemo  of  polity  ;  hut  ha  was  tolerant  of 
oppoailc  ojilnious,  and  incapable  of 


shal   of  the  palace,  and  M.  Tascber  de  1> 


!  hia 
||>  gave  rise 
'itlcm,  hia 
,v  oibantted, 

ii'.tbJ  dropsy 


Pagerie,  on  the  part  of  the  Emperor  ;  bf 
Colonel  D(^-mareat,  premier  side-de-canp, 
on  tbe  part  of  bis  Imperial  HighncM  tbie 
Prince  Napoleon  ;  by  M.  Theodore  Dneoa, 
Miniiler  of  Marine  and  tho  Colonies,  filU 
ing  ml  inlerin  tbe  fanctiona  of  the  Minis- 
ter of  Public  Inilmciiou  i  and  by  a  largo 
body  of  naval  and  military  officera,  pabUo 
tmphfi*,  and  disliuguished  laeoni.  Tbo 
chief  nioumeri  were  the  two  tons  ot  tbe 
deceased,  and  UM.  Maihicn  and  Jocquea 
Arago.  Tbe  cordant  of  tbe  pall  were  bald 
by  U  M.  Roux.  Admiral  Baudin,  Fburcnf , 
UonilUe  junior,  and  Lebi-Gigien,  tbe  laat 
oa  represcntalivc  of  Ibe  scbolara  of  th* 
Polytechnic  SchooL  At  tbe  cemetery  o( 
Pere  le  Cbaiie,  funeral  diaconnes  wert 
delivered  bj  Admiral  Baudb,  on  the  part  I 
uf  the  Bureau  dcs  Longitude),  by  M. 
Barral,  on  that  of  tlic  Municipal  Counaj),  | 
of  which  Aragu  was  a  mecuber,  and  Iw 
M.  Flourvns.  ' 

M,  St.  IliLAiSE. 

Sft.  ...  Ai  Parts,  b  bis  T4tb  year, 
H.  Augusts  8l.-HiUire,  a  member  ot  the 
Botanieal  Section  of  the  Academy  of 
''deuce*. 

Ilia  (iril  botanical  publicatiant  wcr«  sb 


640 


OBiTUAny. — Lieut.  Belfot. 


fO*^. 


the  local  itgeUtioa  of  France.  In  181£ 
he  poblLshed  ■  noticE  of  aaienty  sjwciea  of 

Shunogunoui  jilanlg  diecaieri'd  ia  ttic 
epartmeot  of  tint  Loirct.     Id  the  saiue 

.  jeir  he  (lubliihed  abieriatioTia  on  the  new 
Bon  of  Parii.  In  1816  liis  meniDir  np- 
red  on  thoae  plants  which  have  a  fcee 
(Nutral  placenttt.    At  this  time  ho  went  to 

'  Sontb  America  for  tliepurpuaei  of  inTeiti- 
iting  the  vegetation  of  that  tait  CDntincnt. 
e  remaitied  there  till  1 B22 -,  and  during 
Ae  lime  of  hii  retldence  in  America  and 
■ince,  he  pnbliihpil  a  number  or  volusble 
uemoirs  and  papen  on  the  pUnia  of  Soalh 
America.  The  inoit  important  of  Ibeie 
were; — 1.  A  History  of  the  most  remark- 
able Planta  of  Brazil  and  Paroganf.  It 
contained  figures  of  the  planta,  and  was 
pabllahed  in  Paris  in  182-1  S.  The  Plants 
UHd  cconomicsllj  bj  the  Biaiiliana  ;  also 
DnhliahediQ  1824,  wilh  plates.  3.  From 
\B'i5  to  I83S  appeared  in  parti,  illus- 
trated with  fotio  plstea,  his  "  Flora  Bra- 
tfHz  Meridionalia.''      In  ttuB  and  in  the 

I    foregoing  works  M.  St-Hilairewat  assisted 

'  br  MM.  A.  de  Juaaicaand  J.  Cambcpedes. 
nief  comprise  by  far  (he  inoat  complete 

'  acKoniit  extant  of  the  exuberant  vegetation 
of  the  Brasils.  M.  St.-Hilaire  hai  alto 
pnblisbed  accounts  of  hia  varioua  travels 
In  South  America.  la  IS30  appeared  his 
tranels  la  tbe  provinces  of  Rio  de  Janeiro 
■nd  Minas  Geraea.  In  1MJ3  he  publiahcd 
■n  account  of  his  trBtcIa  in  the  Diaoiotid 
dUtricU  and  on  the  thorts  of  firaail.  On 
Ua  return  from  the  Brazils,  hi*  herbariam 
contained  iCTen  thoniand  siweiei  of  plant* 
which  he  had  collected  during  bis  Iravela 
In  South  America. 


Aug.il.lihi.  \\'hen  (crviDg  s*  s  TD- 
Innteer  in  H.M.S.  Plioriiii,  emplofcd  in 
flu  Arctic  regions.  Lieutenant  Detlol,  of 
tba  French  ImperisI  Nbtj. 

M.  Bellotwaabaraat  Parisoa  thelHth 
March,  1826.  At  the  age  of  filtcrn  years 
and  a  half,  be  was  admitted  to  the  Naial 
Sebaol,  which  he  left  with  a  high  reputa- 
tion in  1B43,  ataoding  linh  on  the  list  of 
rig btj  pnpila  of  the  second  cloaa  who  were 
promoted  on  the  lit  of  September  in  that 
year.  After  serving  aucceaaitely  on  board 
the  Sufirea  and  Fnedland  for  nearlj  (ii 
nwnthi,  be  obtained  the  &Tonr  much 
•ought  for  by  joong  naval  officers,  of  being 
•Fnt  on  a  long  oruise.  On  IboS-trdJiuiB, 
1814,  M.  Bellot  sailed  from  Brest  for 
Bourbon  on  board  the  corvetUi  Berceau. 
wbich  wai  lubiequently  loit  in  the  Hada- 
gMcarwatcri.  lie  waa  iliil  in  the  B«r- 
~wnwlien  in  April,  lets,  he  dulmgoiahcd 
roscU  bf  sairuig  at  the  risk  of  bii  life  ■ 

n  who  (cU  otnboMd. 


» 


In  the  expedition  ot  1 8-15  agsinsC  Tama- 
taie,  commanded  bj  Captain  RonuuD- 
Dcafbases.  the  joung  sailor  gave  proof  sf 
the  moat  brilliant  courage,  combined  with 
presence  of  mind.  At  the  roonienl  (cben 
he  waa  spiking  a  gun  l>e  waa  acrerd} 
wounded  by  a  Itfadagiaear  diiof,  w^w 
brsina  he  immediatf If  arternorda  birv  oat 
with  a  piatol,  elretchiug  him  lifeles  at  hi* 
feet.  After  thia  bloody  eipediiion  M- 
Bellot  was  recommeoded  for  the  ctoes  of 
the  Legion  of  Honour,  which  wu  coDfer- 
red  upon  him  by  a  royal  decree  of  Dec  -2, 
1845.  lie  hod  not  then  attained  hia  ZOtb 
year.  His  promotion  ai  a  pupit  ot  iht 
lir»t  claaa  was  dated  Nor.  1,  1843.  Fr«m 
the  correttc  Berceau,  wh«e  lad  desttoy 
M.  Bellat  wDuld  inevitid^ly  hive  aluired, 
be  was  tranifcrred  to  the  Belle  Ponk 
frigate,  GO  guns.  Ho  was  then  attached 
to  the  staff  of  the  alation,  and  apeciaUy 
charged  with  the  duty  of  >uperintcn<Iisc 
signal).  Although  greatly  lU-'catwd  b* 
this  nertice,  which  reqnirea  at  mncli  rigC- 
lance  as  precision,  be  found  time  to  p^m 
leisonainjjcomctry  and  narigitioii  to  laeh 
of  the  crew  as  desired  to  qoalilir  tbcn- 
selves  for  paising  the  eiaminalion  neof*- 
aary  before  they  conid  be  eligible  ta  cinn- 
mand  a  merchBDtmin.  On  Feb.  1,  IN]. 
when  Captain  Itomain-Detfossea  wu  abotit 
to  relimiuith  the  command  of  the  itatjoa, 
he  wrote  to  the  Minister  of  Marine— "M. 
Bellot  ia  by  hia  duraeicr,  hia  great  inteU 
ligenec,  and  *allar-like  ([aalitiif,  tbc  noat 
diatlnguished  pupil  at  thii  ilaiion.  lie  It 
lit  far  cierything,  and  full  of  irdoar  to  da 
anything,  and  is  in  every  way  nipertw 
both  to  his  see  and  his  position." 

On  the  lit  Nov.  following,  M.  BdiM 
waa  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Enaeignvda 
vai9si:au,  a  grade  aniwering  to  tbal  af 
Lieutenant  in  the  army.  Aftvr  a  abort 
terra  of  service  on  bosril  the  I^iulotw 
ftigete,  he  was  remoieJ  to  the  corvftte 
Triomphante,  which  on  the  23rd  3t\j, 
\ei9,  sailed  for  La  Plata.  Hb  eondnM 
during  the  voyage  and  at  La  Plata  oh- 
tsincd  the  most  flattering  tcsiimonialaftvw 
his  commanding  officer  Capt.  Sodbetl, 
and  Admiral*  Vaillanl  and  I^place.  ne 
Triamphaote  returned  to  Rucbefort  oa  Iha 
■iitb  Aug.  mo.  and  on  the  3(Nh  Sept. 
M.  Bellot  quitted  the  corvette  and  «aa 
attached  to  the  depAt  company  at  Rocfce. 
fori,  where  he  remained  till  the  Slh  a( 
May,  IKSI.  At  Chat  date  he  WTMe  lo 
the  Minialer  of  Marine  for  permMoa  la 
join  the  expedition  then  preparing  to  iM 
uul  In  •carcta  of  Sir  John  FrankUn.  The 
dndred  permlision  wa*  granted,  and  ha 
accordingly  sailed  In  1M5I  in  the  Prloa 
Albert,  lent  out  by  Lady  Fraoklta,  and 
conmaniled  by  Mr.  Kennndy.  Dwlag 
that  voyage  he  made  rarloM  itlmimtn. 


1853.1 


Oiin 


Kv.— /,/(■«(.  Ddlot. 


whioh  ire  ihown  in  a  mnp  publiilied  b; 
Mr.  ArrowNnilb.  At  i  time  wbtn  On 
cgmmaodcr  and  other  officers  were  on 
■bore  at  Porl  Leopold  Ehe  ebip  win  dcLTUd 
an*;,  and  Mods.  Bellot  took  tie  com- 
mand. After  hariDg  been  csrtied  a  con- 
lidersble  way  la  the  loathward,  he  iteered 
to  Batljr  B.y.  on  the  w«t  aide  of  North 
Someriel,  and  proceeding  on  foot  retained 
hi]  cumpuiiont  very  far  lo  the  north,  and 
brought  Ihem  back  lo  the  ibip,  wliich 
paiied  the  niuter  tarely  in  Batlf  Bay. 
He  aftcrnarda  Dccompanied  hU  gallout 
commander  in  an  eicurtioa  on  foot.  He 
•lai  of  Bmall  itature,  bat  he  dragged  h» 
Ovn  sladge,  and  accompliBhcd  a  very  diffi- 
cult and  irdooui  jonrDCy  of  at  lent  t,IOO 
milea  over  the  ice,  nuking  in  hia  way  a 
great  geograpliical  diicovery,  to  wbicb  hit 
luuue  wa>  giiten.  and  nhich  will  remain 
forevcron the  mapof  the  world.  "  Bellot'a 
Strait"  \»  alUched  to  the  narrow  arm  of 
the  tea  which  teparaCes  tlie  land  of  Somer- 
aet  from  Boothia  Pelix,  the  whole  of  that 
land  haTtng  been  previously  nuppoaed  to 

On  the  Stli  Feb.  1852,  M.Bollot.who  bad 
not  yet  leried  five  yein  a*  an  Enaeigne 
de  vaiaieaa,  via  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Lieuteaanl.  ai  a  [CcompenBe  for  Ibe  noble 
impulie  which  the  Miniitei  and  the  whole 
French  navy  admired. 

When  Lieut.  Bellot  returned  home,  hia 
firit  object  wa>  lo  seek  employment  under 
hia  own  govemmcnl,  and  lo  induce  them 
to  aend  out  a  leptnle  eipedilion  in  aearch 
of  Sir  John  Franklin.  Ln  the  in  eon  time, 
other  eipeditiona,  pablic  and  private,  were 
projected  in  thia  country,  aDu  when  Lady 
Franklin  again  fitted  out  a  reieel  under 
the  game  commander,  tbegalhint  Kennedy, 
Lieut.  Bellot  roluntecred  to  accompany 
bim  a  lecand  time.  Mr.  Kennedy  felt  ao 
much  Ibe  auperiorlty  o(  Lieut,  Bellot,  that 
he  woold  have  been  content  to  serve  under 
him.  Juit  at  tliii  period,  however,  the 
eipedilioD  of  Capt.  Inglelicld  wat  reaolied 
upon  by  the  Admiralty,  and  LieuL  Bellot 
abtained  permiasion  to  accompany  it  a>  a 
volunteer,  hoping  that  he  might  thereby 
achieve  lometbing  ao  decisive,  that  when 
he  relumed  lo  France  be  wonld  be  able  to 
impreaa  upon  ibe  French  government  the 
great  advantage  of  tending  out  an  eipedi- 
tiou  mDch  further  to  the  North  than  any 
that  had  yet  been  attempted. 

In  point  of  atsidaity,  Ueut.  Bellot  waa 
un^  lo  all  on  board  the  Phoemx. 

Ight  waa  devoted  to  acicntiGc 

Lt  tha  time  of  hit  death. 

td  left  the  >hip.  to  eu. 

a  journey  acroai 


Inglelield'*  abience,  waa  daaireui  to  m 
a  further  communication  to  bim.  Llent. 
Bellot  volnnlesred  for  thtttervicc:  and  left 
the  ahip  with  four  Britith  tailors,  a  iledge, 
and  an  India.rubber  canoe.  Very  tbortly 
after  bit  qnilting  the  ahip  a  fatal  alann 
arose,  which  ilcttroyed  the  Breodalbane, 
the  contort  of  the  Phccnii.  The  tame  gale 
levered  from  the  abore  the  ice  upon  which 
Ijeut.  Bellot  wat  then  travelling,  Hs 
immediately  lent  two  uf  the  four  men  ia 
the  canoe  to  the  land  ;  but  he  waa  drifted 
rapidly  away  with  the  remaining  two. 
When  he  obfervcd  the  full  eitent  of  Ibe 
danger,  and  hope  waa  almost  exdnguithed, 
he  eipreated  hit  joy  that  the  other  two 
■oilora  were  aafe,  and  that  he  waa  with  the 
two  that  were  expoaed  to  tnch  imminent 
perJ.  The  anow  descending  rapidly,  be 
taught  Ihem  Ibe  way  to  ahelter  IbemaeUea 
by  aceumulating  it  tomewbat  in  the  thape 
ofahut.  Whilatthey  were  tboa  pruti-eted. 


tjitn  anil  early  h 


lion  Ibe  floe  waa  driniiig.  A  third  time 
be  went  forth,  and  returned  no  more.  A. 
violent  gnit  of  wind  bad  carried  bim  into 
a  deep  crack  in  the  ice,  and  Ibu  he 
periahed  by  drowning.  Hia  two  compa* 
qIdob,  after  driiing  about  on  the  floe  for 
thirty  houra  without  food,  were  enabled  to 
regain  the  ahip.  bringing  back  tbe  de- 
■patchei  in  mfctj. 

Lieut.  BeUot  waa  at  all  timea  foremoat 
in  tbe  olTeT  of  hia  lervicca  for  any  difficult 
or  dangcrout  undertaking.  He  had  made 
a  great  number  of  magnetic  and  other 
tcientific  ubierrationt.  which  will  be  placed 
in  the  banda  of  Colonel  Sabine  for  publi- 
cation. He  had  won  the  Mendthip  and 
esteem  of  all  the  officeta  on  board  the 
Fheeuii,  and  tbe  news  of  bii  untimely 
fate  baa  been  received  with  tbe  itrongeat 
eipreinons  of  regret  and  admiration  both 
in  hi*  own  counlnr  and  in  England.  The 
Emperor  of  tbe  Ereuch  hat  granted  from 
hit  private  parte  a  penaion  of  2,000  frauet 
to  hit  family,  for  the  live*  of  hia  two  pa. 
rentt  and  bit  brolben  and  siaterf. 

A  public  meeting  wat  held  at  Wlllit'i 
Roomt  on  Ibe  4tb  Nov.  hut,  Sir  Roderick 
l.Mnrchiaouin  the chalr.at  wbicb  the  Firit 
Lord  of  tbe  Admiralty.  Sir  Jamei  Graham, 
after  OD  eloquent  and  feeling  ipeech,  moved 
the  first  rBsolDtion,  to  promote  a  general 
tubicription  for  the  purpoie  of  erecting  a 
monument  to  tbe  memory  of  Lieatenant  . 
Bellot,  to  be  placed  at  an  appropriate  apot 
in  or  near  tbe  Royal  KoipiUl  of  Green- 
wich. Tlicre  it  was  that  BeUot  embarked 
on  board  the  Phcenix,  and  bade  hia 
friendt,  both  French  and  Engliah,  hii  laat 
farewell.  A  tecond  reiolntion  expreiied 
an  intention  "  That  tbe  mrplui  of  tlie  tuti. 
tcriptioD,  after  defraying  tbe  coit  of  the 
4N 


642      Obi  TLA  11  v.— Coww.  A.  Davies,  R.N.~Mi».  NicjU^. 


maaDmeiit,  be  iniiFsled  Sot  tlie  membera 
of  the  fimily  of  Lieut.  Bellot." 

A  portrait  of  BcUoC  liu  been  pnbliabed 
III  tbe  lUiutrated  LondoD  Newt. 

COHUANIIER  AttTHUB  DaVIT.S,  R,N. 

July  13.  Id  Cambriilge .street.  I^mllco, 
Arthur  Davies,  esq.  Commonder  R.N. 

Mr.  DiTies  entereil  tbe  lerciue,  June  I, 
IBOO,  M  HrBt-clB38  ToluDteer  on  board  the 
S*n  FinraiiiD  GO,  em|iloyed  at  Iheblockide 

I    of  Hnre  de  Graoc,  aud  also  ia  the  Raet 
Indies,  nhore  he  served  from  May  1803 

I    to  Jan.  18or  with  tbe  present  Sir  Josiah 

'    Coghill,ai  midihijjman  in  the  Ratlleaaaka 
sloop  and  Lb  Concorde  frigate  ;  and  fur 

'  Ike  nut  three  years  nith  Rear- Aden.  Pel- 
lew  »nd  Wm.  O'Briea  Drnry,  in  the  Cul- 
loden  and  Russell  T4'a,  oF  which  last  ship 
'--  wumadea  Lientenaat  Dec.  ST,  ISOS. 
:  returned  home  in  coavoy  with  tbe 
BcUiqneui  64,  in  IBll;  wai  appointed 
Itl  August  iei2  to  the  Lyra  10,  on  the 
north  coast  of  Spain,  anil  in  January  tol- 
loning  to  thn  IlamadrraJ  3li,  which  In 
pec.  1B14  captured  tLr  Abigail  Duniah 
Qtlioanl  cutter,  and  afienTords  served  on 
tbe  Newfoundland  atation.  On  the  nOib 
Hay  ISIS  be  nat  made  SwDud  of  tbe 
Braien  13.     In  Sept.  leiU  he  ininlidcd 

,    Bone  from  the  West  Indies. 

Da  the  aetli  April  183,1.  Licul.  DiiTiGs 
vu  appointed  to  the  Coast  Guard  setfice, 

i    In  which  he  continued  for  some  tima.    He 

I    Y**  subsequently  employed  as  Emigration 
i«nt  at  llobarl  Tuwn, 

He  married  Mjy  G,  1824.  Elizabeth, 
danghler  of  George  MBtt;biun,  esq. 
•f  Aabford  Lodge,  Sussex,  and  niece  of 
Ailmiral  Horatio  Lard  Nelson,  K.B. 

Mtta.  NlcoLU. 
JalgG.  At  Chichester,  in  her  9"lh  year, 
Miriam,  widnw  of  General  Oliver  Nieolli, 
Colonel  of  the  GSib  Regiment. 

The  drcle    of   military   relatives  Kith 
irlioni  this  venenble  lady  was  connected 
I    1l  very  remarkable. 

Slie  was  tbe  eldest  daughter  of  General 

I   &r  Willuun  lirecu,  who  was  commaudiog 

I   4iuineor  during  the  whole  of  the  metoora- 

[   Ue  siega  of  Gibraltar,  and  for  hii  tertioe* 

I   §wre  wai  created  a  Baronet  in  1786 :  he 

[   ynt  also  the  laEt  officer  who  held  tile  ap. 

poblneot   of  "Chief  Engineer."       Her 

^thet,  the  Ute  Sir  Justly  WalsoD  Green, 

I  HOcoeded  bis  ftitber  la  the  baronetcy  in 

[  {609,  andsoldoutortbeicrTiceas  Ueute- 

'  -jMt.Cobmel.     Aa  Captain  Green,  he  bad 

M  bonour  to  be  selected  to  travel  abromd 

WincUMlly   ia   Germany)   with   hi*   late 

loyal  Highneas  tbe  Duke  oF  Kent,  then 

irinee  Edward.    Sir  Justly  Green  died  In 

'J8!T.  uDmariied.aud  (he  baranetcy  became 

'  -     -      •-■    "eeo  the  wish  of  Sir  Wil- 


li atiinM  dkr 


liem,  that  in  case  hia  i 
wtthoot  male  issue,  th 
descend  to  the  ton  of  his  eldest  daagfalar, 
but  his  death  prevented  Ifats  mrrm 
being  completed.  Sir  W.  Green  b 
other  danghlers ;  one  tuarried  tbe  bit 
MoJor.Gen.  Sir  Charies  HoUoway,  Royal 
Engineers,  whoae  wn,  tbe  late  ColAocl  W. 
HotlowBf,  C.B.  died  at  PlymoaHi,  wtile 
Commanding  Engineer  oF  the  Weitcrn  dis- 
trict, in  IB50;  he  had  seen  mucb  snTicw, 
and  was  shot  tbroDgh  Ibe  body  at  Bad^oo. 
SirC.  HoUowsyhadaaother  90D,aCaBMln 
in  tbe  Royal  Artillery,  who  died  al  GlDnk 
tar.  He  had  also  three  daogbten  (•!!  it- 
ueaied).      The    eldest    married    tlie    laU 


Fitzgerald,  oFlbeeOlhRegiment  I  aadlhc 
third  married  Captain  C.  Lealie,  of  A* 
QOth  Regiment,  now  Lient.-Colond  Uealir, 
K.H.  Sir  W.  Green's  youngest  danghUT, 
still  living,  U  IhD  widow  of  the  Lata  M>)a» 
Chattertoo,  fnrmerly  oF  the  S7tli  RefltMati 
she  bss  a  son  a  Captain  in  the  3itb  Rccl- 
ment,  and  a  daughter,  the  widow  of  Cotood 
Peter  Hawker. 

Mrs,  Ni«olli  was  deseeiiiled,  on  kir 
mother's  side,  from  a  family  of  (he  nasM 
of  Watson,  lier  grandhtber  and  ftH^ 
gmndfatber  (who  was  killed)  haviiii  bMb 
been  Coloorls  of  Artillery, 

General  niiii.r  NIcolls  (aim  doMMdad 
from  a  family  almoit  excluiively  mllltar;) 
entered  the  army  as  Eiiatgn  in  Ibe  Bnali 
in  1790,  in  the  reign  of  George  11.;  b« 
had  seen  much  service  both  io  the  Bwl 
and  West  Indies,  and  bad  brid  bigh  com- 
mands both  abroad  and  at  home;  ha  he- 
came  Mqor.General  in  17!lG,  and  died  ■■ 
hia  Wlb  tear,  at  Chlcheator,  in  IS«9,  OM 
of  tbe  oldest  generals  In  the  aervin,  ha*> 
ing  been  la  the  army  upwards  of  TS  nan. 
He  had  been  Caloael  of  Ibree  reglmaM*— 
the  4th  West  India  Regiment,  tbe  Mlh 
Regiment,  and  the  6Gth  Regiment.     n« 


eldeal 


Li*".'' 


Captain  of  (he  Artillery,  was  killed  M  Um 
Heldei  in  17991  tbe  yonngnt  agn,  aba 
autTivea,  sold  oot  Of  Ibe  srrtice  la  ISn  m 
Llmteaont- Colonel.  Tlir  -rrimTl  rtsnahif 
i)  tbt  widow  of  tlu  Ute  aenenl  WiDkai 
Dtooko,  (omirly  commanding  tha  Mb 
Dragoon  Guardn.  General  Olivor  NteoDl 
wa*  uncle  to  lli.-  Intr  C^npnl  Sir  Jwav 
Nicolls,   K  C  \:        ■        ■  .  „-^S 

was      Comr.1.:  K^t 

Indies;    t..  <     .xinl 

Nioolls,  Rovi!  .  thifri 

brother.ttic  U<t  l  '    ^l■-o(k, 

Royal  Arrlllriy,  otin  il:;-,!  ,ii>  Mi  myyi 
bomewanla  from  the  Wast  lodiM,  Si*«k| 
of  the  aous  of  the««  aOccrt  are  BOa  stnr. 


1858.1 


H.J.  Smyth.  AVv  MJK—C.  B.  Wall,  E^,.  M.P. 


6A9 


ing  both  in  Ih*  Qoeen's  and  Companj'* 
terriem.  Mn.  Nicollt  nis  thai  tbo  diagh- 
ter.  wift,  mother-in •■■«,  litter-iii'Inic,  anil 
■Ont  of  gfDBrBl  o&ixn.—Unitnl  Sirrice 

K.  J.SuvTH.  EHa.M.P. 

Sipf.  19.  Suddenlj.  iged  38,  Boger 
Johnion  Smjlb,  nq.  M.P.  for  Lisburn. 
■  nigiitnie  Tor  iho  caantiei  of  Down 
Wld  Antrim,  and  ■  deputj-lienlvDuit  of 
tha  fonner  ooontf. 

He  vu  a  ion  of  Thomai  Jolmion 
SmyUi,  eiq.  of  Liabui'n,  a  magiitnle  and 
deputy- lienleiuuit  of  the  con  nil  a  of  Da*  d 
•ad  Antrim,  bj  Cbirlotle,  ilitcr  of  Ed- 
ward Brioe,  eiq.  of  Sconlbusb 


].  Aalrii 


,  who  auDmcd  1 


of  Oruea  in  1811.  IIJ*  brother  wai  tbe 
RcT.  Eiloard  Smxtb,  Hector  of  GleoaTr, 
,    in  the  diocete  of  CODnor. 

He  wai  educated  on  the  ooiitjnent ;  and 
waa  cdected  lo  PirlUnient  for  Liibnrn 
Osljr  in  Deoember  lut,  on  ihc  retirement 
of  Sir  Jamrg  Bmerton  Teaocnt.  He  wai 
oppoacd  bj  Mr.  togUi,  then  Lord  Advo- 
oaCe  of  ScotUud,  wtio  bid  the  infloence  of 
tlw  Marijtms  of  Hertford,  which  wai  for- 
inerly  inppoied  to  be  predominant  in  tba 
borough.  Tbe  li^rd  Adrocnte  had  H7 
voto,  and  Mr.  Snijlh  U9. 

Ur.  Smjlh't  politici  wrre  tiioio  of  * 
SHMlerate  CoiUBrTatix,  He  »at  in  favour 
of  free  trade  baaed  on  aouiul  priuciplea, 
and  of  an  euuiublo  tenant. right  bill, 
which  Bhould  have  regard  tu  the  proper 
ri|bt4  both  nf  JandlorU  and  tenant.  He 
was  nppotcd  to  the  idea  of  re|icaling  the 
L'nioD.     Mu  haa  died  unmarried. 

CK4«t.ss  BaaiNc  Waii.,  Eaa.  M.P. 
Oet.  11,  At  Norman  Court,  Uaoi)!- 
fUre,  aged  'M,  Cbailea  Uocing  Wall,  e«|. 
U.A.,  M.P.  for  SaUnbury.  a  Deputj-Ueu- 
tenant  and  nifittrale  of  Uanpiliine. 

This  gentleman  waa  son  of  the  lata 
Cbarlei  Wall.  (aq.  (who  purchafed  Nor- 
naa  Cnrl  in  IHOb,  aiul  diMl  in  IBlb.)  by 
Uarriet.  dangbtcr  of  Sir  Fnada  BariBg, 
Bart,  lis  waa  « tanabar  of  Chrial  churoh, 
0^ord.aBd  gradMtad  B.A,  IMIR,  M.A. 
1821, 

He  waa  fitit  rMvnud  to  parliament  for 
Guildford  wiihont  a  oonteii  in  the  jmr 
18l!(,  on  tbe  vacaocr  occaaioned  bj  the 
(lention  of  Kir  William  Draper  ileal  to 
the  Beneh  i  (ad  b*  mt  re-eUoaen.  alio 
witbovt  uppoilttoa,  at  the  geusral  eleutiun 
(rflH2U.  AtU.atuniH2(ihEwa)  retnnted 
M  borODfhnfWarshan  ;  batin  IN30 
a  candidate  for  Gnildfard, 
after  the  following  poll,  in 
loB.  George  Chappie  Norton, 
>  farmw  members,   wai   de- 


C'hirlea  Baring  Wall,  eiq.   .    .    li; 
George  Hotme  Sumner,  eiq.     .      8t 
Hon.  G.  C.  Norton   ,    .    .    .      60 
In  thefollowiDg  year,  dnring  the  Re- 
form cicllccnent,   Mr.  Baring  Wall  waa 
hioieelf  unsucceuful,   tbe  poll  hang  aa 
follow! : — 

Han.  C.  Francii  Norton     .    .    123 

Jnmee  Hanglea,  e<q.      ...     100 

George  Holme  Somner,  esq.    .      T-l 

Charlri  Baring  Wall,  eaq.   .    .      S6 

Shortly  nfter.  Mr.  Wejland,  one  of  lbs 

members  for  Wefmonlh  and   Melcombe 

Rjigia.  baring  been  elected  for  Oxford- 

sliire,  Mr.  Baring  Wall  wai  choien  to  fill 

tbe  vacant  tent,  defeating  Mr.  G.  Preoder- 

gait  by  ISaioteito  ItiS. 

Bui  wlicn  Reform  had  bnen  enacted,  Mr. 

Baring  Wall,  though  a  Canieivitlre,  r» 

gained  his  tt*i  far  Guildford,  Iha  follair- 

Ing  being  tba  roanlt  of  Ibe  poll  of  1832— 

James  Mangtr<,  esq.       ...     SS9 

Charles  Binng  Wall,  nq.  .      .     180 

Hon.  C.  P.  Norton     ....     138 

lie  troi  not  able,   however,  to  relala 

his   seat  fur   Guildford  withoat   repeated 

■trngglcM  I  but  on  three  oUier  accatloiuhe 

wa»  suceeasful.     In  1935 — 

James  Manglei,  no.      .     .     .    309 

Cbirles  Baring  Wall,  eiq.  .    .    Sit 

Henry  A.  C.  Antlen,  raq.    .      .     131 

In  IH3T— 

Chailea  Baring  Wall.  ecq.  .  .  233 
M^or  J,  Vorke  Scarlett  .  ,  IB8 
Jamca  Matigles,  ch}.  .  .  .  1S9 
In  18*1  — 

Hon  Donelly  Manglei,  eau.  .  242 
Chiriet  Banag  Wall,  etq.  .  .  HI 
Hon,  J.  Yorke  Scarlett.     .     .      ITI 

Henry  Cnrric,  eiq 161 

At  Ibe  general  election  of  1847  he  eno.' 
tested  Salisbnry,  and  «ai  returned  after  • 
contnt  which  terminated  thus — 

William  Jamei  Cbapliu,  esq.  .  4l>l 
Chsrlei  Baring  Walt,  eaq.   .     .    374 

John  Smith,  esq. 170 

And  again  in  1892— 

Williim  James  Chaplin,  esq.    ,     331 

Cbarlei  Baring  Wall,  raq.   ,     .     331 

Fred.  William  Siade,  esq.    .     .      173 

Dinivl  Higford  D.  Burr,  caq.  .     131 

Mr.    Baring  Wall    wu    appoiolad    c 

Deputy  Ueiitcnanl  of  Hampihire  in  IStG. 

Hii  policici  were  originally  Coaaeria- 

tive,  but  he  frequently  opposed  both  the 

Lirerpool  and  Wellington  ministries,  and 

at  last  was  retnmcd   for  Saliibur*  aa  a 

UberaU 

He  had  been  for  mony  jreara  ■  Director 
of  the  Britiib  InstitBtiOD,  and  hie  aid  wu 
uinaUy  toBght  in  Comnitieea  of  Ute  Uoium 


644  Jite.  a.  I'moselt,  D.D.—C.  C.  3Iacauleiy,  E»q. 


[D, 


of  Commons  on  matters  rcl.itivc  to  art. 
A  mo  1 1  ^  his  immediate  friciuls  nnd  de- 
penduiits  he  wan  nmeh  esteemed  for  liis 
kindliness  of  dispoiiition  and  uiiaflfeeted 
limplicity  of  manners. 


Tin:  Ukv.  Godfrey  FAUiisKTT,  D.D. 
July  — .  Al  Oxford,  aged  T-'t,  the  Rev. 
Godfrey  Fausj^tt,  D.l).  of  Heppington, 
Kent,  the  I^dv  Murcaret's  Professor  of 
Divinity  in  the  University  uf  Oxford,  and 
a  Canon  of  Christ  Chureh. 

Dr.  Fnussett  wns  descended  of  a  family 
settled  for  more  than  two  centuries  in  the 
county  of  Kent.  1 1  is  grandfather  the  Rev. 
Bryan  Fnu>.<ett,  M..\.  who  was  a  Fellow 
of  All  Soul>'  eolle^e,  and  Rector  of  Monks' 
Horton,  inherited  from  his  father  the  estate 
of  Ileppington.  His  father  Henry  Godfrey 
Fau^sett,  t>({.  of  tlie  same  place,  died  in 
1825  ;  having  had  issue,  by  his  first  wife, 
Susan,  only  daughter  of  Richard  Sandys, 
esq.  of  Canterbury,  the  t<ul>ject  of  this 
memoir,  and  two  other  sons,  long  since 
deceased. 

Dr.  Fausseltat  the  age  of  IG  was  chosen 
a  scholar  of  Corpus  Chri:sti  Ci)11e.::e,  and 
took  his  R.A.  degree  as  a  member  of  that 
house  in  IHOI.  lie  was  elected  proba- 
tionary fellow  of  Ma;;dalenc  July,  1H()2, 
and  procteded  M.A.  1801,  B.D.  1822,  and 
D.D.  1827,  in  which  year  he  was  elected 
Margant  Friifessor  of  Divinity,  and  as 
such  be<*ame  a  Prebendary  of  Worcester. 
When  the  changes  ordained  by  the  Eccle- 
Hiastic.'il  (lommisbioners  took  place,  this 
preferment  w.is  exchanged  for  a  canonry 
of  Chrijit  Church,  and  thi;  Maifjaret  Pro- 
fessor took  ])ossession  of  tht-  stall  allotted  to 
him  upon  the  decease  of  Dr.  Woodcock. 

Dr.  Faussett  was  twice  married ;  first, 
to  Marianne- F.lizabeth,  eldest  daughter  of 
Thomas  Bridges,  esq.  of  St.  Nicholas 
Court,  Th'inet ;  and,  secondly,  to  Sarah, 
eldest  daughter  of  Thomas  Wethered,  esq. 
of  Great  Marlow.  ]{y  the  former  lady  he 
had  issue  two  sons,  Bryan,  born  in  1812, 
and  Godfrey,  born  in  Irtli^  ;  and  two 
daughters.  IJy  the  latter,  Henry  Godfrey, 
and  other  issue. 

Dr.  Faussett  represented,  through  his 
great-grandfather,  the  family  of  Godfrey 
of  Heppington,  a  junior  branch  of  that  old 
Kentish  family  of  which  Sir  Edmund  Berry 
Godfrey  was  a  member,  and  some  notices 
of  whom  were  introduced  to  our  readers 
in  our  Magazine  for  Nov.  18-18. 

The  foUuwini;,  although  probably  an 
incomplete  list  of  Dr.  Fau>sett's  publica- 
tions, is  nevertheless  the  most  perfect  that 
we  can  at  this  moment  collect.  They 
are  ;ill  sermons  : — 

On  the  necessity  <»f  Kducnting  the  Poi»r 
ID  the  principles  of  the  Kstablibhed  Church. 


Oxford,  1811,  ill  which  year  there  i 
two  editions. 

The  Claims  cf  the  £i$tabli»)>ed  Chi 
to  exclusive  Attachment  and  Supp 
Eight  Sermons  at  the  Bampton  Lcct 
Oxford,  18\.'0. 

Jewish  History  Vindicated  from  the 
scriptural  View  of  it   displayed  io  •* 
History  of  the  Jews  **    (by    the  pre 
Dean  of  St.  Paul's).      Oxford,  1830. 

The  Alliancre  of  Church  and  State 
plained  and  Vindicated  :    Oxford,  183- 

The  Revival  of  Popery  :  a  Sem 
Oxford,  1838. 

The  Thirty-nine  Articles  considerec 
the  Standird  and  Test  of  the  Doctrine 
the  Church  of  England  :  a  lecture  J 
vered  in  the  Divinity  School  before 
University  of  Oxford'  (against  The  Tn 
for  the  Times,  No.  5)0).      Oxford,  1841 

Colin  Campbell  Mac  a  r  lay,  Es< 
Oct,  20.     At  Knighton   Lodge.  Ldi 
ter,   in  his   Tilth   year,    Colin    Campi 
Macaulay,  esq. 

This  gentleman  was  the  second  toi 
the  late  Rev.  Aulay  Macaulay,  Mcai 
Rothley,  and  was  born  at  that  yicar 
Nov.  I'Jth,  17HSK  He  received  his  a 
education  from  his  accoui|ilished  fatl 
and  was  subsequently  placed  at  Rug 
under  Dr.  Wooll,  where  he  was  disi 
guished  for  his  rapid  advance  in  all 
studies  of  the  school,  and  uniformly 
lofed  for  his  amiability  and  kindness 
disposition.  On  quitting  Rugby,  in  11 
(after  some  hesitation  whether  he  sho 
not  go  to  the  University  and  qualify 
H<»ly  Orders),  he  was  placed  with  Thot 
Burbidge,  esq.  then  town  clerk  of  I 
cester,  and  a  solicitor  in  extensive  pr 
tice.  He  continued  in  Mr.  Burbidg 
office  till  I8'i8,  when,  on  some  sympto 
of  delicate  health,  he  was  recommem 
to  abstain  from  professional  employmr 
and  try  the  effects  of  relaxation  anc 
warmer  climate.  He  spent  the  wint 
of  18JJ»,  1830,  and  1«31,  in  Portug 
during  which  he  greatly  renovated  1 
health,  and  considerably  improved  his  i 
quaintancc  with  classical  and  general  li 
rature.  In  1831  he  resumed  active  li 
and  joined  the  highly -respectable  firm 
Greaves  and  Berridge — of  which  he  co 
tinned  a  partner  till  his  decease.  His  Iq 
acumen  was  universally  admitted,  and  I 
high  sense  of  honour  could  never  esca 
any  one  who  had  either  business  or  frienc 
intercourse  with  him.  Perhaps  there  w 
no  man  to  whose  talents  and  exertio 
the  Midland  Railway  Bill  was  so  largi 
indebted  for  \\a  sncce^s.  In  fact,  frc 
their  able  management  of  that  most  ii 
portant  measure,  the  office  of  Mess 
Berridge  and  Macaulay  acquired  a  rep 


1853.] 


Obit VAR\. —Jntnet  Aimworlh,  Esif. 


G45 


tation  in  roUiMr  natttri  K«rcel;  tccand 
to  Bn;  in  Ihc  kingilom.  For  fourteen 
jcur)  Mr.  Colin  MusdUj  filled  lbs  tr- 
■ponsibic  office  at  clerk  to  the  county  mt- 
(iittntei  rar  tbe  Leicater  district  with 
■ckaowtedged  KbDitf. 

Erer  raiy  Id  reoder  himself  oiefal  to 
hit  nstire  countj  in  inj  wsy  in  bi>  power, 
Mr.  MBCauIay  acceiit^  *  commiaiian  In 
the  LricBitrfghire  Tfeonnnry  Ceiftlry  in 
183d.  He  wu  gUFtlcJ  Uenleaant  Aag. 
«.  iae9:  Bod  putlyoiriii^  lo  ill-bBallh, 
■nil  parti]'  to  hit  iBlce  wuTing  hia  claim 
in  fiTonr  of  the  MBrqnesB  of  IluCinga, 
and  hi*  friend  E.  B.  Hartepp,  aq.,  he  did 
nnt  obtain  hia  Captaincy  until  Aug.  12, 
li(50.  One  who  well  knew  him  in  hii 
troop  aaya,  "  he  WBa  ai  emincDt  as  a 
soldier  ai  a  eitiliaa.  He  waa  beloTcd  by 
the  whole  tarpi.  and  hia  aocial  good  qnali- 
[jes   will   be   long  and  afleclionatelj  re- 

I.ilerary  ta>let  are  ao  hereditary  in  the 
BabiDi;Iont  and  Macaulajg,  that  it  wonlil 
have  been  atrange  not  to  find  them  in 
Colin.  Prequenl  inlercourae  with  hii  near 
relatiiea.  the  gilled  and  amiable  ^mily  at 
the  Temple,  and  the  rehoed  and  eicellent 
Giabome,  greatly' tended  lo  foiter  .ind 
c  alii  rate  tbeae  tai  tea.  He  waaa  irery  early 
member  of  the  Leicealer  Literary  and 
Philotopliical  Society,  and  he  rendered 
that  now  eminent  Bociely  rery  eaaeatjal 
Kfiice.  In  1847  he  waa  elected  preaideot, 
and  on  the  13lh  of  October  in  that  year 
delirered  an  ioiagtiral  addreii  of  great 
power.  Ill  addition  to  many  lalatble  con- 
trlbutiona,  Mr.  Maceulay  aignaliaed  thia 
year  of  hia  nreridency  hy  two  able  papera 
on  '-The  EngUsh  Poeta  of  the  Preienl 
liair  Contory."  So  well  pleated  wai  the 
bociety  wilb  their  pretident't  eiertionj, 
that  tbe  honour  of  re-election  waa  con- 
ferred upon  liim,  and  it  waa  in  hit  teeond 
preaideocy  that  (he  transfer  of  the  mn- 
teum  to  (be  Mnnieipal  Corporation  look 
place.  Few  that  bad  the  good  fortune  In 
be  preaent  on  that  memonble  occaiion 
will  forget  Mr.  Colin  Mtcaulsy'i  elo- 
ijnence,  or  the  brillitnt  and  jiut  compli- 
meDt  paid  him  by  Lord  John  Mannen. 
In  that  year  he  fatoured  the  aociely  with 
two  papera  on  "  Cardinal  Woltey ;"  in 
1M9.  with  one  on  "The  Aaaociation  of 
Idewi"  in  IHSO,  he  ditcusted  "John, 
Duke  of  Marlborough,"  and  in  IHSl, 
"  Queen  Eliiabetb."  The  whole  of  lhc«e 
K«B«ya  gave  nidenqo   of  powera  uf  no 


-of    a 


. »ery  e 


ery    pur 

range  of 


i*  lut  appearance  in  pablic  waa 
■n  January  laat,  when  he  left  a  aick  room 
to  adtocalc  Ibe  Mecbanica'  Union.  Hi> 
whole  life,  in  fael,  had  aSorded  proof  of 
bit  aoxioty  to  benefit  bii  kinil~Bnd  there 


were  few  ancietica  in  Leicealer  of  a  bene- 
Tolent  nature  that  did  not  receive  from 
him  a  *ery  willingly>sccorded  atiiitanot. 
In  politiea,  Mr.  Colin  Macaalty  wat  a 
Cotuervative — but  tuch  waa  hia  amenity 
of  manner,  end  tuch  hia  really  tolerant 
(pirit,  that  hi>  adtocaey  of  bit  Tiewa  neier 
made  bim  an  eoeny  or  cott  him  a  friend. 
He  married,  in  iSbO,  Mary-Kendall, 
cldett  daughter  of  Richard  Warner  Wood, 
rtq.  of  Stoneygalc,  neat  Leicester,  by 
whom  be  leaiet  iatue  n  ton,  born  Aprils, 
ISgl.  and  an  infant  daughter.  Hia  mortal 
remaint  were  interred  in  tbe  family  reattng 
place  at  Rothley. 

Jauka  AinswortB,  Esq. 

Ocl.  2».  At  hia  midence.  Cliff  Point, 
Lower  BrDughton,  near  Manchetter, 
aged  TO,  Jamet  Aioaworlh,  eaq.  Fellow  of 
the  Royal  College  of  Surgeona  of  Londno. 

Mr.  Aintwortb  waa  deieended  from  an 
old  Lancaihire  family  originally  of  the 
township  of  AintwoTth,  a  member  ofwbich 
married  the  only  daughter  of  Winkley  by 
the  hcireta  of  Pietaingtoo,  and  ao  acquired 
that  property  In  the  reign  of  Richard  II. 
In  later  timei  the  Ainiworlbs  were  con- 
nected by  marriage  with  the  Hopwoodi 
of  Hnpwood,  and  pottetted  property  at 
Scotland,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Roch- 
dale. At  I'Irttinglon  Hall  the  arm*  are 
still  risible  OTcr  the  arched  tlone  entrance 
Tbe  name  and  arms  of  Aintnorth  are  alao 
in  the  glass  of  one  of  the  windows  at  Kertal 
Cell  (Mitt  Atherlon's).  Of  ihii  ancient 
family  lereral  diitioguitbed  themaeltea  in 
vanont  walki. 

Henry  Aintworth  (who  was  bom  at 
Plestington  In  1S60,  and  died  1659.)  Iba 
trardlcr,  celebrated  Hebraiat,  and  Biblical 
comoientttor,  author  of  "  Annotationa 
apon  the  Pile  Booki  of  Motea"  (1637), 
and  many  other  workt,  was  one  ancestor; 
being  the  second  ton  of  Laoretice  Aina- 
worth  of  PleaiingtOD,  gentleman,  by 
Dorothy,  daughter  ofThomat  Griniahaw, 
of  Clayton.  Another  not  Icaa  celebrated 
was  the  grtmmariin  and  lexicographer 
Itnbert  Aintworth,  F.S.A.  aatbor  of  the 
well-known  Latin  Dictionary  (first  edition 
173C)  and  other  work*.  He  was  bom  at 
WoodgBle.  Ecel«,  in  ItiSO,  and  died  in 
London  in  1743- 

Jercmiah  Aiosworth,  (he  lalhcr  of  the 
gentleman  whose  recent  deceue  haa  called 
foKh  thia  brief  notice,  was  an  acoom- 
plished  scholar,  and  well  known  as  a  ma- 
term  ■  wilb  Sir  TTiomas  Egerlon,  after- 
watdi  creUrd  Earl  of  Wilton.  Many  re- 
fermcTB  hate  recently  been  made  to  this 
Mr.  Ainaworlh  in  "  Note*  and  Queries" 
with  relation  to  the  history  of  tbe  rise  of 
tcieoce  in  l^ooaahire,  for  he  ia  regarded 


1 
4 


646 


Obulavlw — Mtcharf  SlhU*^  JSs^. 


Dec. 


ai  the  f  •osder  u(  :k  [c:ii  icboul  of  Lifcihc- 
■laticiAai. 

The  late  Mr.  jAme*  Ai&Bvorth  vaj 
bom  in  Manchester  oq  the  5th  of  March, 
I7d3.  lie  was  eJacated  at  the  Man- 
Chester  Yrene  Grammar  S:hoc>I,  during  the 
role  of  Mr.  LawK>n  as  heal  or  hi^h 
master,  Messrs.  Durbev,  Pe  ilej,  and 
Holt  I'.tn^  the  other  matters  :  and.  after 
learin:^  the  school,  Mr.  Aioswarth  was  a 
private  }.:;|iil  rf  t!-e  eccentric  but  able 
teacher  l  *e  It  \.  Jorhui  Brookc».  About 
the  ye-ir  17C'-».  wh-rn  he  ttj*  only  fifteen. 
Mr.  AiuriKt'Tt.!  Went  to  tlie  Iiifirmarj  as 
an  r|i.,ri T.ticil  |»uji!  :  there  bein:;  an  ex- 
pro«-i  !«*i|';Jnt  «n  iu  his  in  !i.'n*ures  thit  h? 
shonl  i  Ijc-  aiiowrd  a  por'.io'i  of  the  dnv  to 

50  au<l  tnkt*  hl»  lemons.  Tl.is  time  he 
evotrd  to  the  .«tu']v  of  Lit  in  cl'i«»ics,  a 
taste  for  readir<;  which  he  rtLi^in*  d  to  the 
close  of  I. is  lift'.  .Aftf T  com;  feting  bis 
apprt'iiticvahij'  he  was  for  b-jme  time  a 
clerk  at  the  Iiifinnarr,  and  acted  as  bouse 
apothecary  for  nearly  a  year  during  a  pe- 
riod when  fever  was  rai;in^  to  a  fearful 
eitent.  He  took  the  coin  plaint,  whidi 
nearly  provrd  fatal  to  him.  At  this  time 
the  eminent  CiiarleH  White  (whobe  bio- 
graphy has  yet  to  be  written;  was  one  of 
the  surgeons  of  the  Infirmary,  iimlamoni^t 
Mr.  Ainsworth*s  nio»t  intimate  acquaint- 
ances and  friends  were  Doctor  Feiriar  and 
Mr.  Benjamin  Gibson;  and  Mr.  Ains- 
worth  subsequently  became  a  student  at 
the  University  of  Kdinburgh,  contempo- 
nneously  with  Lord  Hrougliam,  with  whom 
be  was  at  thit  time  on  intimate  terms. 
When  he  had  finished  bis  medical  educa- 
tion he  was,  from  his  recognised  ability, 
inrited  to  join  the  grandfather  of  Ihe  pre- 
sent Dr.  Henry  in  partne^^hip.  Mr. 
Henry  is  well  known  as  the  inventor  of 
the  calcined  magnesia  and  other  chemical 

Preparations  htiU  held  in  high  estimation. 
Ir.  Ainsworth  was  a  very  intimate  friend 
of  the  late  Dr.  Edward  Holme,  and  the 
late  Mr.  Robert  Thori)e,  surgeon  ;  the 
l^ter  commencing  his  profe»sional  career 
at  a  much  later  pcrio(l  than  Mr.  Ains- 
worth. 

In  tiie  year  1800,  when  only  twenty- 
three,  Mr.  Ainsworth  was  elected  surgeon 
to  the  Infirmary.  He  is  stated  to  have 
been  the  first  to  commence  anatomical 
lectures  in  ManchcNter,  which  he  began  in 
conjunction  witli  the  late  Mr.  Ransome, 
surgeon;  und he  may  therefore  be  regarded 
as  the  originator  of  what  has  since  become 
the  Roynl  School  of  Medicine  and  Surgery, 
in  Pine-street.  It  is  worthy  of  notice,  as 
one  of  the  **  small  beginnings,"  that  Mr. 
Ainsworth  converted  the  hayloft  over  his 
stable  into  a  lecture  theatre.  He  was  most 
indefatigable  and  enthusiastic  in  the  pur- 
suit of  professional  knowledge,  and  an 


exceed; Ggly  skiif«J  iAA«iiipulator.  SaB£ 
of  bis  preparatiooi^  we  are  aacared,  are  hoc 
to  be  surpassed  ereo  at  the  pceaeat  tiac. 
As  an  instamr  we  ma j  me&tioB  an  iBJecttd 
preparaiioa  of  a  Urge  maaliff  dof ,  in  wkki 
all  the  principil  arteries  of  the  body  (vitk 
tbe  sole  exception  of  the  aorta)  had  bea 
ittccfssfuiiy  secured  bj  Jigatnrev  vithoit 
destroying  tl.e  anisx^'a  life,  and  which  it 
is  believed  was  the  first  instance  of  the 
internal  iliac  artery  being  «acce«sfollytied. 
Mr.  Ainsworth  waa  always  eate^med  one 
of  the  ablest  operators  of  his  day.  la 
consequence  of  declininr  years,  he  rcsigaed 
his  office  of  surgeon  to  the  Ibfinaarr 
sone  tiu;e  ago.  and  was  then  elected  ot-c 
of  the  c'>n^ulting  surgeons  to  that  ia- 
stitution,  the  datirs  of  which  hononrabk 
post  he  continut  d  to  discharge  up  to  the 
close  of  his  life.  He  was  one  of  tfat 
founders  uf  the  Natural  History  Society 
and  of  tbe  Botaniol  and  H orti cultural  So* 
ciity,  and  always  took  a  strong  and  deep 
interet>>t  in  the  well-being  and  |«rogress  oif 
both  these  societies,  and  in  the  moseam 
and  the  gardens  which  they  established. 
He  nns  elected  a  member  of  the  Man- 
chester Literary  and  Philoi^ophical  So* 
ciety  in  January  1805,  so  that  he  had  bees 
enrolled  nearly  half  a  century,  and  was 
witli  one  exccj-.tion  the  oldest  of  its  sar- 
riving  members.  In  coajunctioa  wiLh  the 
late  Mr.  Thomas  Fleming  and  others,  he 
was  one  of  the  revivers  of  an  old  ^faa- 
Chester  club,  which  is  still  continued,  and 
which  in  its  day  was  famous,  under  the 
appellation  of  "  John  Shaw*s,"  from  the 
name  of  tbe  landlord,  who  is  said  to  have 
enforced  early  hours  upon  his  guests  by 
the  cracking  of  a  large  horsewhip  at  a 
fixed  time.  This  club,  of  which  Mr.  Ed- 
mund Buckley  is  now  president,  and  which 
numbers  three  or  four  surviving  members, 
may  be  regarded  as  the  only  link  between 
the  social  and  convivial  institutions  of 
"  Old  Manchester  "  and  those  of  the  pre- 
sent day. 

Mr.  Ainsworth's  hospitality  is  well 
known.  His  charity  had  the  best  attri- 
butes :  it  was  large  and  catholic,  while  it 
was  most  unostentatious,  aud  indeed  care- 
fully kept  from  the  knowledge  of  the  world 
at  large.  He  has  left  a  widow  and  one 
son.  Dr.  Ralph  Ainsworth. 

MicHARL  Scales,  Esq. 

Aug.  22.  At  Wan  stead,  aged  76,  Mi- 
chael .Scales,  esq.  formerly  of  Aidgate. 

The  name  of  this  gentleman  was  for 
some  years  kept  prominently  before  the 
public,  in  consequence  of  his  repeated 
but  unsuccessful  efforts  to  attain  the  dig- 
nity of  Alderman  of  the  city  of  London. 
He  had  for  many  years  carried  on  the 
business  of  a  carcase-butcher  at  Aidgate, 


1853.] 
acquired  CI 


Ohituahv.— rAofna»^ow(i(fia«  lVuolle>\  Esq. 
iiidcraUe  ■leilth.    On  the     aa\y  m  ■ 


647 


r  OD  bU  lubjecUi  thxt  vera 
appuintinent  of  Sir  Jomet  Sbnv  to  the  propoied.  bal  ai  poamiln;  a  great  had 
Chambfrliinabip  !n  the  year  1^33,  the  in-  of  geneml  tnfbrniEitioii,  partiimlarlf  in  L)*- 
hohltanta  of  the  ward  of  PortiokeD  elected  tor;  and  senenl  polite  lileritnre.  At  tbit 
liiiu  ai  their  AldefmoD,  but  the  Court  of  <  time  he  wu  preparing  for  ii  pnblie  career, 
Aldermen  eierclaed  their  ri^ht  of  rrte,  and     in  which  he  artervrirdi ,  doriag  (he  itormj 


lefueeil  to  admit  him  ai  one  of  their  hod;.* 
U«  WIS  elected  a  lecoad  time :  and  the  ran- 
tp!t  wii  not  finallr  decided  ontU  the  Bth 
Jane,le3(i,iihenjadgmentwaa  pronounced 
by  Lord  Chief  JubHcg  Tindal  in  the  Bx- 
chenner  Chamber.  Tbit  jndgment  oTer- 
rulcd  the  wnti  oF  error  which  had  been 
brought  hf  Mr.  Scales  against  decisioas 
iu  the  Court  of  King's  Bench. 

In  1B32,  at  Che  lirBt  electiun  for  the 
cii]'  of  Loudon  ifter  the  enactment  of 
Reform,  Mr.  Seatei  wat  propoied  ai  n 
candidate.  He  profcsied  hiniKlf  la  be  a 
Kcformer  in  politics  ;  but  there  were  alaa 
four  other  "goodRefbrnieri"ln  the  Held, 
in  the  penona  of  Mr.  Qrole.  and  Alder- 
men Matthew  Wood,  Robert  Willhman, 
and  Sir  John  Kej,  and  thej  were  aU  re- 
turned; whilst  Mr.  LjaU,  tbe  Conier*B- 
liTB  candidate,  and  Mr.  Scales,  were  ei- 
cluded,— wilh  Ibis  difference,   that   Mr, 


Mr.  Scales  fbr  inanv  Tears  redded  ■( 
Old  Ford,  near  Stratford- le- Bow.  lie 
lubseqnantl;  want  to  riaida  in  Prancu  : 
and  three  week)  before  his  death  be  came 
over  on  ■  *inl  to  his  daughter  at  Wan- 
stead,  where   ha   died,   after  two   dajs' 


period  that  ocoupied  the  lucDeeding  }eanu 
took  an  aclire  part.  Me  dlAlni^iiibM  I 
himself,  during  what  we  may  call  his  norl- 
elate,  in  the  public  debating  societies,  snefa 
ns  the  British  Forum  and  others,  as  the 
opponent  of  Gale  Jones  on  political  sub> 
jects.  and  displajed  a        ' 


e  oF  diction, 


sweU  ■ 


intimate  knowledge  of  his  tubject,  alwnja 

anal,  and  often  superior,  lo  bis  popular 
rerEnrj.  Such  had  beea  the  se'cre  cha- 
racter of  his  sludirs,  and  the  eommind  ht 
had  acquired  oter  the  subjects  nlililo  bU 
ning«,  aided  h;r  ■  most  fsliunil  and  teten- 
tiTc  memorf,  lliat  after  baring  toiled  at 
the  ptes*  all  A»j,  he  would  enter  ihe  de- 
bating mom  wlthaul  anj'  preparatitm  but 
a  momenlBrT  huowledge  of  the  qucation  of 
the  ereniDg,  and  deliver  a  speech  of  two 
hours'  length,  answering  (TCr;  argumeol 
without  taking  a  note,  wi!h  u  faoUilr, 
power,  and  el 
put  mnnjoFou 
the  year  1812  the  little  society  first  namnl 
bcrame  pahlic,  owing  to  the  dedalon  of  \ 
the  majority,  and  opened  It^  proceeding* 
at  the  Mermaid  Tavern,  Hackney.  At  the 
same  time  a  small  periodical  was  started 
by  the  members  called  "  The  Reaanner,'* 
consisting  oF  essays,  poetry,  and  ■  sum- 
mary of  the  debates,  of  which  Mr.  Wooller 
WEU  both  printer  and  editor.  The  icheme 
oF  publicity,  however,  proied  a  fiiiltire,  and 
tho  society  and  the  periodical  were  ibaik* 
dooed  together. 

Shortly  after  tbla  period  Mr.  Wooller 
came  beFore  the  world  oa  a  political  writer, 
by  the  pnblicaliDn  of  tho  weekly  paper 
«-ii».i  ■,*in...  I1I-..V  n_— rii      i..  ti.'..  k- 


TnOB.  JOMATRAN  WooLt-ta,  Bid. 

Ocf.  I9.  In  Carburton -street,  Port- 
land-road, Bgcd  67,  Thomas  Jonathau 
Wooller,  esq.formerly  editor  of  the  "  Black 
Dwarf." 

Mr.  Wooller  waa  a  natire  of  Yorkshire, 
but  »B  are  uninforraed  of  hU  parentage  or 

early  educBlloU.     He  was  apprenticed  to      called  ••TJui  Black  Dwarf, 
a  priuler,  and  For  some  years  nllowed  that     displayed  a  vein  of  pungent  satire  in  hia 
occnpstion.  .  unsparing  attacks  on  the  iDini«try  of  the 

When  in  baaioeas  Id  Bhorediteb.  he  be-  day,  which  produced  many  imitulors,  but 
gan  a  periodical  wotk  colled  "The  Stage,"  no  sucoeasfblriiral,  for  though  Divarfs  White 
which  acquired  coniiderable  celebrity,  nut  and  Grey  appeared  on  the  scene,  they  sooa 
only  rron  the  spirit  of  its  critlmami,  but  vanished,  and  their  retnalii*  were  oonsigned 
also  from  his  alniotl  unparalleled  practice  to  the  "  tomb  of  all  the  Capuleti."  Par 
of  setting-up  his  paragraphs  without  the  Some  papers  in  this  uubllcatian  Mr.  Wool> 
■  ler  was  proseeutcd  for  libel.  He  under- 
took his  own  defence ;  and  in  one  of  the 


ention  oF 
the  year  1810.  he  la  reniembrred  U  a  mem- 
ber of  a  private  debating  soeirly,  uuntlst- 
ing  of  sboDt  a  du«an  members,  whioh  was 
cilled  the  gocralic  Union,  in  which  quee 
rions  on  rarioaa  >nbjtct>  were  discujaed, 
eiclusite  of  any  on  religioa  Or  poUtici. 
He  then  displayed  considerable  talent,  not 

*  The  late  Lord  Mayor  (Cballls)  la  said 
to  lute  been  the  first  hutcbei'  admitted  to 
the  offloe  of  Alderman. 


I  biilUaul  tpeecfaei  ever  heard,  hi 
Irited  lo  divide  the  jury  inopinlan;  wben,  ' 
although  a  verdict  was  given  against  him  , 
by  part  of  Ihrm,  the  others  declared  Ihdr 
dissent,  and  the  isroceediDgs  were  In  con- 
Btquenoe  nullified.  At  the  time  of  the 
agitation  of  Ihe  cjuestinn  of  I'lrliammiary 
Reform,  and  when  tho  popular  fever  waa 
at  iiB  height,  he  was  elected  *'  legislatorial 
nl'ornry   '  fur  Bimiingba  "    " 


ChOTAM- — .Vr-  Itaiah  Deck. — Clergy  Dec«a*ed. 


[Dec. 


.  VWn  the  Re- 
_  ^ , l  W  -Wj  oondnJed 


^^^^^gtantFatDM  of  thim, 
^^^  1^  ^  t«  tot  "  ■-" —  ' — 


quil;,aceompiiaiei]b}niinersls,foa(Ib,atid 
curiositic.  His  diicoverit*  it  UiUc  Wil- 
bralum  now  form  bd  iaterestiog  re^ure 
among  oar  natioail  antiquttiei  in  the  Bri- 
tish MuBcam.  Ho  mirje  Tviuui  CDmioaai' 
calioos  on  theic  anbjecu  to  Ibe  Cambridce 
Antiqairiaa  Socictjr  and  Iks  Archieolagical 
Institute  of  Greit  Britain ;  ud  su  ■ 
leiilDQ*  supporter  of  the  Britisb  Auo- 
ciation  for  tbe  AdloncenicnC  of  SciBoee. 
Hia  last  pubLc  act,  ai  ■  member  of  the 

on  the  fbrmer     Town  Council,  wm  to  mOTe  a  re«olDtion 

AM Weoaldnotbeaaid  javiliiig  the  ATcbvobitical  1  iistitute  to 
C-Bmbridga  next  year,  and  pledging  Ibe 
Corporslioa  to  give  tliem  a  beart;  fe- 
ceplion. 

He  nl*aj«  aupplicd  the  local  papers  witk 
Euch  facts  u  be  deemed  Jeierviag  at  tioticn 
in  milterg  of  natural  hutorf  aind  tatWor- 
ologjT,  ai  well  u  arcbeeology. 

in  private  life  he  wa*  truly  eadmslile. 
Hii   hospitality   irai   Dnbouoded,    aod    k 

mated  a  human  brenst.      He  lud  endared 
a  lung  illness  with  fortitude,  and  caavtm- 
.diea,  and  he      pUted  its  fatal    terminatioD    witk    rsajc. 
^^^^  it  1  he  police      nation  and  clieetfulneia. 

™'  jfc  ifhiTrt  for  louie  time  a  IJit  body  waa  interred  in  the  CemM«rj, 
^^^p^^t^ld  ihe  Britiih  Gaxetle;  Mill  Road,  followed  by  manj  of  biafHe^i 
^^mSmbI  of  U*  evljr  bopei  led,  and  neighbours  of  the  pariah  of  St.  Edward. 
JF  ^r^^ai.  (•  tabiti  of  dtiiipation, 
^  _  ^^  *■*■*!  bii  d«y(. 

*j~-1_j-  MMiiril  tbe  dsoghter  of 
^^g^^  o^  af  Kiafiluul,  by  whom 


W  A>  abaoiioiu  iiasiageg, 


U  letters  from  the 

^  BaC  aad  be  h*a  been 
F  aMC  after  page  of  original 
Smmi  poetry,  --■"- 
^B,  at  Ibe  ume  lime  nu 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 

1*.  vs.  At  Bondlslgli.  Dntm.  ue4  u.  i^ 
tfniriKAw.KectoiilfllialHrtahriawi.  iZ 
of  Sklnoj'  Sdmi  aoll^ie.  Cwntaldn.^^ 
.  M-A,  was,  ana  laUttaM  In  lIBtoTC 
rage  of  Lone  Banan  wliii  HirinK  m  .1 
J"-  On  bit  [HvUw  thai  piMdi  MlaaS 
Mhuonji  of  iiitli  MiHB,    Us  narflsJ  In  IM* 


Ctm.  h).  (^  (>■«. 


id  that  dwelt  wilhia. 
__    iture  by  G.  Cruick- 

d^MM  .0  the  word,  of    u.d  K...  iriiM«.  ;7«r™  /-^fcrr,  pSv  cSu.'a 
^.haioraarecorrectly     S<-  'Oul'*.  WblpptaikaiB,  or  wWl,  ■>■.«..>. 

wf"  in  contrast  to  the        at.  4.   Agrf  h 

~  *a.  Sector  of  Cfai ,«,.»:. . ..  .a 

uCompton,  BwkitlUB).    Ba-w^al 

™lje<<i,  0»ftrt,EJL  lBI»,i(jL --■- 

<  .Amm,  VIoar  of  tliM  ^p^rtJi  VliMT)  ^^ 
;ur*(a  of  Pilenlmm  U'mUooe    »  ^^— 

tM-  a.    Ai  Aoerlnj[i4iB,  Lbdc-  and  (M  dm  * — 


I8S3.]  Obitua&s. 

nwn    lloum,  lUaU.   \^  Miiry,  •lau.  if  Julin  EdwaM  . 
LothielUor.  MI,    Us  wu  or  All  Suuli  aUas, 
Onksa.  II.C.I,.  igm. 

Ai  KliiEwonM,  Keol,  igod  e«,  iho  Ee>.  /«»« 

JfM*iu.  K.A.  Rsctor  i>r  IhM  pUu  (Isll).     Ub  Sloektalgli  Eneli^- 

wu  d(  St.  Jahn'i  soUogB.  CunbrMge,  B.A.  IBM,  At  Maalmetu,  Bamuh,  John 

"  '    ""  ■■  A.S.  Km  of  CtjVm,  uid  oi 


4>V-  >s- 


G-I'J 

.   llllehcll,  Mq. 
Xren.wi.C.G., 


ir  of  Manhi  In  lh>'  Wlllovi, 


John  Lalef,  V 

NolU  (1849). „_   _.  ^„    „„„„,„, 

C«abrMc«.  BjL  IBH,  M.A,  l«tl.    Bs  wi 
iiirri)'  Cunte  of  DoDuitcr  init  Chsplaln  i 


a  Hev-      TulRton,  Loadon. 


^•V.  >G- 


llDHton,  wbero  hn 


MvBnl  iinppod  wlUi  Aorae  r 
It  Hitfleld,  wbQS  hi  died  ( 


Hmrj  IM,  K.U. 

^j>fif...    AI 
V«q.    thfi  Odlf 


ri  To*n,  Harjr.Ano,  irifc  of 
avonh,  nrigide  Uijiir.  hIh 
.  iJA-nB,  RM).  of  Klnnl*.  In- 
rtrimg  diD.  o(  tho  liu  Col. 

SgrdDOT,  acDl  U,  EdiDond  oatr. 
ion  of  Sin.  ijtlH,  of  TiTlahKh- 


t  St.  Bolms,  Alt«.  mife  ef  Cii^,  V!. 
•  •^-.  ind  dun.  at  Ednrd  Mna- 

«,  AtblMK. 

Aug.  37'    AI  Kev  AaMterdarn,  BerUce,  of  joU 

Wakywi'MnSHr.'ud  IflMloniUT  ID  t'h*  Hlndm 
omkgnntft  in  BiilUb  GnlaoH. 
A^.f*.  AIPaiatiE.t!Mr(«Ditr7iop1cGardQn, 

^arfl.  ...    AI  Milaniu,  In  Cabt,  Hhioior  ilK 

Hihcrlj'.  tho  gldeM  din.  at  Ca.pt.  Ctm,  R.S. 
odA  ennddaa,  ol  Ednrd  Sndlh,  an.  Ulo  of  Idou 
Cudo,  Cenrwull. 

Brpl.  i.  At  Port  LodI>,  Miurttlu,  ikesd  II, 
Enn,  A-  UArqaEB,  Iten^  K.l-fotuitvit  nn  oTtlw 
lito  Robert  liiniQli.  at-  " " "— --• 

Btfi.  t.    At   lUdni 
Aiuolli,  wifa  of  ('apt.  ( 


n  Hduh,  BanlUiln. 


ShakHpear,  <aq.  Madiw  CM]  Sonlr*. 
Sipt.t     ■-  ■— —— ■ •■ — ■ 


MLW, 

inAant  of  tha  M  Sikh  InBinlTj 
RepCon,  Canon  of 


*»  1 1.  AI  Boiw-Nrnioi!.  Aoilralla,  agwl  W, 
Chvloa-Ednm.  third  »n  of  Ihc  Buv.  Janm 
Rhif,  llaetor  at  LongAeld,  Kdnl. 

Mat  II.  Bvttao  npaatnncotatxiat.fiir  Anck- 
land.NnrZMlaiHl,  <i.  U.  W.  Jaeknn.Mq.sen  of 
Ur.  JrttMa,  of  Kn ;  and,  bjr  the  mom  moUn- 
chidr  acetdsne,  Ut  tvotber^tn-Uw,  udibint  •tiB 
■DTiaoa  Matthew,  ItdrdaoD  of  Um  lale  T.  C.  lUI- 
Ulew,  aa^ .  of  Ihe  War  Oflka. 

"- — '— «a,  ott^holen,  aged  W,  Fannr, 

-■-  H.eS.C.S.  «hor«Ijf 


v.'rr^iu 


™1(  ^llow 


itifne.  aged  19,  £. 
r.  aEod  M,  Llonl. 


..Oen,  ST  Ataxander  Wooanra. 
II,  At  tho  CDgBO  Cahite,  Xonlege  D^, 
,  Chariea,  third  ion  of  the  lateUoorso  Roa 
m).  DfAlbmyBoiwc  ""   ■-"-■   -^ 

gnofihabinH.B 


Llent.TaM«iY00Bi,  B.H.  and .. 

hrntcd  T>Toaa  PswB,  oMI  of  Ih*  Rtghl  Hon.  Sli 
LasealotSludwBll,  Vln-Chanodlor. 

JwH ...  Wnekad  on  bli  pibhb*  Ima  Mal- 
bonree  to  Bydov,  afid  IT,  Albrd-Prlar.  third 
KDI  tH  Ur.  TAnmaa  Rowlrv.  of  tflnc-M.  KegFntdl, 
and  nmlitMpt  MIU,  WoMlHionie^roTe. 

Jtnti.  AI  Kelboanie.  WIIIKo),  M«Dd  ua  o[ 
Iha  lata  Hwdi  Betrianon,  en.  of  Stock 

AiiHtl.    AI  Arcadia,  near  IMbouma,    

a^  II,  Hmry  CHftofl,  OH.  TDuiiEcn  fon  ofvr.s. 
diaoo,  Biq.  of  Wdluw. 


mnnd-Artbor,  tDD  of  thealnri..  „,,, . 

./■Kn.    Off  C^e  Ham, OB  111* homemrd  pM-  M,  UauL.Col.  TlioiiiaaOonjireTallt 

■an  from  Utllmma,  afsd  n,  Henrr.  TOBneiM  tni  tho  Itonl  Artillery  In  thaw  lili    . 

KU  of  auBBalHoblia,eaq.  Weill,  KOUHraal.  the  third  wn  of  Uh  bte  Col.  Sir  KlUtam  RoM, 

AkrI.    AI0al0IIc,AuliaUa,a«da4.  UoMrt,  S..C.F...  K-T-S.,  and  K,O.H.,  of  the  Bnyl  Herat 

^1 ..... .  ._. — ,g  (^|^_  p^_  g,     ArtlLlptj.ar*  ■-'-  — -    ' -—  — — 


.    .  .     .  ,. lithe  Anrthof  thM  olBoer'i  _ 

I,  bmeriT  of  Lileaittr-  aha  han  dM  vbils  ■ctrlns  thilr  connttT 

Af*  II.    At  SraniT,  New  ^Diith  WalH.  and  tBretipi  Matlai». 

««,8wah,ir<fcafEdniudlAokTCr.eH].otLock-  Ap.n.    KllHd  to 

juiMift.BWKeaatJt.arBu  hi  ItoLeglJlallife  At-       "    " 

a«Hr  tlwB,  and  lata  Major  »7tll  Ratl- 

/M*  IS.    At  Holbouw,  South  AnUralla,  agsd 
H.wltHaaC>MrtatLM«,M,  »..»,»»..  .,«—  -'■ •■"  — ^ —   — - 

/■kh  It,    AI  bor  nridaBH,  UlUar^  Polot,  Sja~  worth,  tmlgn  In  Ihe  Wlh  tlomtia]'  H.I,  third  ioa 

naT,  Nnr  Soalb  Wata.afBd  W. HctaHa-Soplila.  uf  Ttionw  Holmu    Bonotlh,  esq.  of  Wm«. 

roBrl  or  John  Canpbell  Lrall.  an,  and  das.  Dt  ham,  Kent, 

the  lale  RO(or  Xsan,  <aq.  H  Ji.  ColcduMer.  At  St.  ihiorEg'i,  Bermoda,  nt  vellov  tarar,  icst 

Jafy  n.    At  Seallion,  O.  is.  Shud.  «a,  En^en  t».  (ieor(llul-Jlat1a•LDui>••l■hI1ll^  wile  or  Ueut. 

"  H.ltlhRoirt,  MonUgn  WhltoiDio,  Ban'  K'V,;  aod,  AjK,  IT. 


M  Anrungahad,  In 

B(i|adl.^[  M»tie.  whlcli  ho  Jolnod  aa 
ar.  and  an  Arab  brce.  In  Hie  Nlum^ 
•,«■"  " 


n«fdiHr,)M. 


SM 14.     At  U 
otWUlauUenrT 


UaiTli,  eaq.  nirgvon  I 


Obituary. 

dui.  4ff  Htfia.  UCtUrupi  iwi- u(  Bon-      Vurh,  t'.^ 
icBDi,  W»i  India,  uBd  flL  


1,  yinuic»t  dw.  «( iM 


otLotU 


CiliIn,lntIu(t>Una. 

Am.  ^.    Al  Monkuairu  HODM.neu  Dnb]]n, 

igea  It,  Kilbirino  dawaaai  Vbieanleis  Gnilli- 

TDij]'!',    "[jL'  n-.isdie  wcfpnij  4ijuichtBr  of  Ibo  Uie 

■  '  '  -  "    "   -.  r  j|.  ut  CuUctowH,  CO.  Li- 

.  '         -'   .,11.1  wife  utSluiiUiti  dm 

<  <.i<r  Bueu   ol  the  Irtili 

..'1  hii  oUow.  lo  lata. 

"'.  >,    At  Kl'IiIiziux,  Bgeil  U,  DiTld  John. 

Vtl.i.  JU Torqnsr. ueil  M,  Marfnrel,  wift  o( 
loliii  iromb^.oM.  lultll.P.tar  Hlnditiuni.  lud 
1*0.  of  Uie  Bii.  C.  Ulrl,  MOioUvUin,  NorUiDin- 

Agail  M,  eilcfl-VlctoriA-Ii(uttior7,itiIecf  Otoigi 
Qnjr  McUeui,BH,  HoritlEicliiwiia.iioilxiHiBnit 
,     Oin.  or  Uig  Ue  ^a.  Jnmll,  «h|.  of  Oec  U<our^ 
I     VoUnrmnt,  PorUDuulh. 

'  ~~'  '41,  Jolia  P^e,  uq.  of  Idlniton,  ' 


Juhii8Ii>ddiin,l>i).  BsMcttif  Ijiwlek  ■ 
III  ^1.  MtiTVplunilll^hhary.Xwj-A 


'    fafit,  eiq.  o[UDii«liiDD,at>rSmLbridn. 

I    ta^.  rellci  of  Aodmr  QobuiwU,  tmi.  of  Utig- 

'  1  RwnHjr,  id  tho  Ue  of  If  ui,  uad  a,  Un, 
»j«rt,  widow  of  tbe  Inn  Wm.  fcntCcy  Wth- 


CbtUUa.  PiBlTii ' 

no]r4.  nq. 

In  Oenlmi-  ■ 


,    llnMJrBgDrto,  wliIow  of  U»  . 

•VTIldr,  e«).  of  ihe  [ilimd  o(  Tot^an. 
In  CulMtiuT-pl.  Luubeth.  Jolin  Clurla  Fa»- 
■—--'" ■■      "inUoUHT. 


tloirla      Rot.  J.  TMb,  C 


Al  ihr  Vlrvnci!.  t^dmaBliiB,  te 
I,  OldWI  (lUTlTillC   iUb.    <if   te   ti 


troUw.  oldou  ni 


I.    Ill  UjitIfx-i* 
*gwl  46,  Llsni.  Choriu  Watliond  ri«n,~ilJ>'l      Cortui  Out. 


Admlnllj  AdFi... 
Al  V^ellliwbaroiutLi,  kcod 
Ort.T.    M«itli 


uoH  Whiiworlli. 
do  Bask,  «•«,  tl 


ir-Edn.  OlDiWHlDnliin,  i(»a 
.     .    iw  ut  0*wco  CludB,  ml.  tela  of 
iHt-|iUcu.util  UWiuMni-  -■ 
«d  46,  TtaDtBU  llobt.  Will 
lUTs  Hill.  LwKuliin. 


n  U.  OrUvt,  ■>■: 

, nw>,  ButrMM  •|lllll.l»l 

D,  FRdertek  WllUim  Ha/«,  «q.  ^^ 

' -n  UUI,  lilk  nuauhnofW,! 


ahlB-it.  SodbaiT,  0',. . 
tfreiiM,  (oq.  at     borouBh,  aid  bruihi?  of  Jhw 
landon.    11«  hut  Ib 


isn 


nivort  or  Eton 
DMuniUi. 

AIToirn  Hgiue,  IlClU'RwIlll|]d.I[llrry- 
*"'-"'''llJ  otOMfdB  PouWiiB,  w).  V — ■'■■ 

I.  I.Baiurd'*4ii-SiK,  ae«l 
ondBKKi  ('raiMoa,  joaDgc«t  sod  i 
fu>a  Btabuoa  Cnulan. 
AfBd  K,  Edoird  LlOTd  Wiird.  Biq.  lit  Llodt 
,     IB  tin  ami  Vmblfb  IUB™.  ud  twn  of  Tlionui 
Xdnrd  ft-uH,  tiq.  of  tlw  I^ge,  Cbirk. 

At  St.  Helen^llta.  Odb— ""    '-■•-■- 

ir<)0d,*c«ilT4,Un.V*ld. 

M.  10.    In  Wejuiautli-* 
VJh  oTUmu.  ChulM  All*, 


M!xir*In'w>rtiiaiiui-tt.  iffSl  U,  EIIuImUi, 

~llirl««  AIi«,  K.N. 
.  &omy,  «4[ttl  TA,  Suune]  bowrln;. 

^.DrTinrar«.LeBdan. 
llTllMiick-iq.BUuliBUi-rnulii.irlflarJalliu 

Im  LondanTEmmgllD*.  Die  vltt  of  Cipl.  Iturger. 
Sb4  WM  Indl*  HwliiKiit. 
Al  Altui  Puk,  Stirling,  ngBl  7D,  [lobcrl  llsn- 

AIStiun)nt-ldU.*^M,  Ana,  rcUct  of  J.C. 
Hornliliiwer,  C.E. 

At  the  hmuo  uf  twr  tiroUier  Sir  Roben  n.  [nsl<>. 
Bui.  MJ.  In  ]ladftin1-«].  tfcA  64.  llirj  Loulu 

Inglil,  JWUUBlt  ua  lut  IDTTlvillE  d>D,    of  IlHS 

Mb  Sir  HiifG  Ib^K,  BhI.  of  MIlKm  B17U1,  Uiuli. 
Wwn  Ibc  titl  iHt  Ulean  iwi  ibe  llval  Iho  loviiJ 
tai  baBOBwJnnfmwitBf  Qui  lUnor  noufo. 

tDChnto'pt.  IbdcPiTk.uedn.  V.  C,  Eoni- 
MI.Md.UtaorUHH.K.I.C.  Irbdlal  SorHce  on 
Uw  Bontar  Ertdillihmnt. 

A|ldXS,Cliu'lB.BilV»nDfClHriHLiwRn«<, 

nof  XoJlBii  VlUu,  Uibbn.  Htcknor- 
t  DOTBT,  Hinlit-Einm.  joutien'  uirvltliii 
du.  of  th«  IMe  Ret.  Htm?  Fortbupon,  of  St. 
Jolin't-mnd.  RAsmri-Du-k. 


iTl'uniiloiw,  nifc  ct  iha'H 

Oinlcit,  Incumlwiil  of  UktuIdb 
In  HoHingtum-iil,  ncnl  n,  Joat 
At  Slokg    NDirliiKtOB.    need  < 


nirffb,  Aiiin  cuTqt 

a«i3,  igta  u,  Ad 


SiiBDllc.  ■ 


L,  wUb  oTIte  ll«<  ' 


).  Ur.  Jan 


Ofl'rt 


rwaiir,  FiaUrnilUe,   mm  MMy  >■ 
AiMvtrt>ocil.*«t<l&3.  Hwcn^K* 

Afeibi,  Mr.  iloorcc  Brlil«u,  ft 
jisn  Mvrcr  of  llunntun  anil 
nroinnui  Jtcbool. 

At  Cor»)>  WoatoB  lUII.  (ged  TS.  EdnnI  »Mf 

In'l-ornuio-pl.  lUlda-um,  lanl  U.  Mrh  Sm-m- 

At  UuUo«.rwftlJ»,  JuhnIleu[TCIIr«i.««.W 
amiOnUJii™. «"!  l»lo  «l  Ball..  ^ 

In  IliU-lint.  »irwl  »0.  ThoniM  DvTli,  aa.  tl 
Olonralw,  lollcltDr.  ^ 

At  IIiT«-pl.  Mwun-Knii'e.  Landoa.  M^nW 
Aniui.sldcM  ilnu.  ulilislaiu  .viBiIrd  IMi^.C'. 


i.'s. 


AnsT  a  mn  iuhoh,  ti  Clftftban 
Uaat.-Oci.  Andmr  TOt.  Iitn  M  tha 
C«l.  till  wu  ■  nitln  or  BdcbloD,  ind  hh 
lala  Jit.  Tbgniu  Tilt,  pnqirtolor  o(  Ibo 
Itvtal,  whldi  once  itooil  Id  Culle-iq. 

In  Glsmaitcr-pl.  HTdo  rirk-nrdcDi,  ueil  7(1, 
EUm.  mllcl  of  EJnn[  Vau.  09.  of  Llord'g. 

IM.  II.    At  SlulAen.  ucd  tl,  Mn.  Hin  IItc. 

Al   the  rStanet,  KutooIi-"    "".i   .~i  if 
Ueuor-OaniltuMB,  vrito  of 
Clatj.  Nq.  ofCtuulton-park, 

Al  DaOi,  uodSI,  Tlmaul 
ofCslcultii. 

At  DATontrv,  afinl  77.  CirnllDC-UitH.  nUct  nf 
It».  ClurlotklpllnK.  I.I.J),  Uls  Hoctoi  of  Co- 
low.  Left,  nail  rerwliiil  Cnnteof  SloorSlrnt- 
Ibrd,  Uucki. 

Al  DntldAUi.  IZobert,  aocood  unnf  Uw  late  DarlJ 
Htura)',  aaq,  of  biwdolk. 

Al  bar  brotlMr^n-laii'i,  tbo  Ilei,  W.  C.  'rbsmih 
—  Uaolar  of  UaGkbBUHMEli.  IMnM.  Uarr^Oiar- 
',*\t»  of  tlia  lt*r.  jDBRili  Bmnul.  IViiietiul 
IMa(WlllltOB,° • 


■■"m: 


^antartnuT. 
f  Diq.  Rurnarty 


.  :^llKkIdD.  ogail  CT,  Mujr.  irldnn  ti  Li^mt 

I  lirluhloi^,  mM>  n,  Elaanor.  irUo*  af  OK 
Ii  llslil.  Uoninll-larr.  Itenenl'i-ptft. 
-.  I')>per  Uuaiavn-at.  Knnii^pi^,    iniii  n, 
Jaliii-J*iiiM.on1xnr<nTtu  wn  of  ihalMaW*. 
H.  Kcnalck.  an-  of  CaatarbHry. 

At  JHIUn.iHir  lAtfbaru. 

Ktrbirl  llniT  ItM,  ■«.  tobbehI  ten  a(  tta 
M«]ar  tVilli'i    11k'.;.  or  Ll'r'-y  nraln.  Can 


Mn.*\f  «r  tl 


UtOB.SomtrHI. 

a,  agad  IT.  Mlilam,  dan,  of  Jijbn 


Tomlx.  •"i- 

At  I.oirBr  MMvooD,  <;naric*  n 
of  HalklD^.  Whi. 

Al  liirkealiaad,i(ailTl,Cb*clol»,wlttaf  Jolin 
U'Unn,  M. 

(M.n.  AC(dgi.F.,A.lUlt,Bq.Wtln*)-.C(uB. 

At  at,  Okht.  FnuKO.  agid  B1,  T,   Capnol. 

At  hta.  Da—El  rrraih^  Juhp-Edwatd.  Mn  of 
JoliaChaDdltH.Ma. 

At  Aihlbrd.  laad  U.  tlarf.  whlov  of  tba  Ktr, 
WliHAald  Ounob.  marremlnlj  Raclor  of  Borwaali. 
Sdavi,  and  SEnanlan. 

In  IdnUm.  tgal  Mi,  naorm  llmry  ItanKT. 
CM,  m  of  Uw  lile  [>.  R.  biarj.  SQ.  UUnl 
KailoiHoaTi.  iUntaiiAln. 

At  Mllo-aiHl-rwl,  linl  W.  Aad,  narun.  OMt, 


At  IMlDrd,  aaol  U.  llarH  llanir  SfcMjat  a^. 

Mia  oi  ilic  tJOar  Un>hr«  of  Uw  TMbSt  II^M,  af 
Acol  n.  Cdnrd  Jobs  TM)a.  OM.  -frNMli, 
At  Iha  Umto,  tUrltoxl,  ac«l  »,  Ttaa^  IM. 

"%<"vi.    A™'tiAtIUiliop.Maw4IIHtlM',«« 


1853.] 

Aged  31,  Wm.  Henry.cWwl  "OO  ot  tlw 
W.  Aiming  Vrntftte,  hn.  B.H. 

At  nuiralUr,  igtcd  91. 0Binil(n*.SiHi1ilji, 
•«W»nUurgeon  UuksHv.  MUi  Reirf. 

At  I.aim1nglan,  Rfnd  «n,  Uotcrt  Italhi 


In  Cnrk-nt.  Bonf-it.  HgIsd  IUim.  onlf  da 
Uw  Itte  Ctpt.  UulWd.  E.I.H. 
In  ffhIMclupe],  wed  «9.  Ufa  Mirr  Stcan. 


rUAHY,  631 

Ai  Longport,  f»nlprtpHrr,  nccJ  w.  F.  fl'ooa, 
(iH|.  Iita  oTliBilabMinie. 

M.  IT,  Ai  llftwomW,  JuliB.TIoiWM,  fimrth 
■nmi'ltig  <l*u.  or  Ilio  Rcr.  Wllllun  Allan,  inil 
mnddtn.  dF  the  lulc  Rcr,  Tbniuu  Fcrrli.  [i.D. 


OwUmlW,  Mil.      Llnroln'-' 


At  ^nliua,  Dunpahlra,  ignl  M,  CuvUna, 
iteth  ihu.  ortlM  UU  Vlw-Ailmrral  t>MC(i  IVry. 

At  fiifkni)-,  (god  tD,  Hl«  nanre*  Pcnn. 

At  Bark^]r-4i1-  London,  iiged  3B,  tUrlinDO, 
vUb  o(  Kdvard  Ttlghy,  fs].  H.D. 

Amd  se,  E,  J.  SnjlPlon.  wi-  of  tin  Valltx, 
Gumbridnahln. 

Id  Culiaa-gardani,  Iha  aight  Hon.  Ijdjr  Ver- 
non. Stir  wu  CiroUns-ElliiScth.  aldnn  du.  of 
Cnllilnn  Elllnm.  wi,  of  llD|ibuni  11*11,  nwr 
SewcuOr,  and  m*  nnllvl  on  UiB  Mlh  at  OctulKi, 
liH.to  tbt  priMnt  LonI  Varnan,  br  whom  iha 
tMa  lelt  Iwi*. 

AaalT4,  lUrU,wld<*af  R.  WallUjO^.  E/e. 

ivc.  IS.  Al  riBnar,  agid  W,  Uaat.  Wn.  Ailami, 
Rtml  Na'rr  (18»)- 

Al  llamo  W.  Tttom 


.>,  PtanK, 


[D  [inpor  IKlgnnhpl.  uad  It,  Anna.  rtlKI  of 
Winiima.Darli,w. 

AI  Vennor.  Iila  of  wicht.  Annv-Giiu.  dia.  af 
the  Ilia  Wm.  Doit,  aiq-  ftjnurlr  af  Drtnkeuitoii- 
burr,  llorli.  and  loUarlr  af  Onui(i  Conri,  Chlg- 

Ai  till  rMdanoa  In  Dntilin,  Major  Falrfldd, 
agMl  Id  Hr.  Hldnay  Ilarliarl'*  Dulilln  cMala. 
lie  fDTtntrly  wrsd  in  Bn  Usnl  Knotnlen,  «nj 
waa  ona  a/  Iha  acting  mnnilllEa  of  Iha  Onmt  i 
tUilblllon.  t>uUIn.  ItU  tuneni  na  attended  bf 
■tia  Rlirht  Hod.  BMaer  Herberl.  and  by  the  vhalr- 

prtnelpti  oftlrT.,  wtia  H?rfl  ipcdnlTy  lummonvd     i 

On  bwifi  "     ■   .  I  m.  Robart 

ntismJii. '  ■  s.u™  Inr. 


:oukUnd,OfBeliiwat.         AITniii'i!..  ,      .  '"in  WlllUia 

Uier  iUrrten,  rtq,  uf  Rnll,  and  lUiublrr  at  Vnl> 


SldmoWU,  a«M  Dl.  Ellnlieili,  M  lurrliiB!! 

af  Cie  lata  RmW  Sandm.  Mq. 

'.IS,    In  Iha  Old  Rml-road.  Ann-ElluM(b, 


t  Darelum.  and 


At  Dorr  St.  Edinana'i,  iwnl  i^ 
of  Suiaal  nidmi.  an.  Of  Eai 

aldntdao,  oTOn^rjr  wgod  Sfnirka.  eaq.  alUbbf, 
SufToUi. 

AI  the  Admlnltr.  WhUehall,  agad  II.  Charlnltc, 
■Idow  oTCapl.  CUvcll,  n.K, 

Whne  on  ■  ytm  at  IVWlilljr,  Ellu.  i>Uta  of 
Tbonuu  Conslon.  cvi.  Uia  L.>ln>,  Andonr. 

At  B*Ui.  *(«d  »,  Apiet.  niifc  of  Capt' 

Dalpbin,  and  diu.  of  Wll" —  " '— ' 

CnwdiftCaKIaandCav 


nevsal  Medical  EalablUhraenL 

At  Hannnda,  of  iclbm  ArTT.  Harlan,  i 
UidnrOakeler,  oflba  HIb  RagI,  and  ball 
of  Iha  lata  Lord  Ktagol*. 


AgwlM, 


n  CranlHjr.  a*i|'  of 
K^'tUry^IenfUr.lIcorTDarla*, 
IVinland-pl- 

,  WuUulDiMr.of  cholara  (Kl  hmiti ) , 
M  Xtner,  wife  of  (he  Bei.  Hcnar 

rld«a  Wall>,  Uln  Sophu  Iwj',  lata  at 

111.  Londan. 

lUnuEalB.  aged  00.  Lleni, 


Qrar,  H-N. 
{a.UlaCal 


win  of  JahD  Taj'laui.can. 

M.  It.  At  JUiOar  iMmul 
and  It,  UonUuua  Alnidla,  Ei 
iflehlandan.  and  eldm  km  of  I 
llF.  of  Tlill-farin,  new  I..an«M 
reuilirDlu  «illOp.  CamMdna. 

P.  W.  Swain,  B>|'.  wad  71,  Jobn 
AI  KrlghtDn.agedW,  Jolin  I 


.  Jo)n->  Wood,  ued  14.  EUia, 
idall,  aiq,  ot  BarUea. 
inUrwah,  .^i«t  C,  Ellubem 


Torki.  aio.  of  VnDuuD,  XorUi  Wilga. 
AtUierpiH),  aead  M,  Un.  Alaundn  NBaell 

Raherunr,  aliteu  dia.  ot  WUUam  I'dj'i  «i1'  lOoka 

XaiiliiicUiii,  Hlddlaiu,  ' 

At  (Vk.  Iji.-ip.  I°">|(<A  '»■  '^  ""  ■*"  ''"■'■ 

A«edtl.'n«Uiu>ial  Edgar  Slopt:r,  ea|.  lata  ai 

AI  CrkoiI-IiI.  lUadiHMa,  t     '  *  " 


Ikiu  nbtaUU.  hUWuu  of  11 


4  Loiua,  Ua 


tenrurlli.of  UiBUIp 
(ana  onljr  inirei«iid) 

Cron  CTiapal.  llvUngi,  o 
M.  by  tte  Kn.  W.  IXtU. 


■Ifti  of  Capl.  R 

.iHlwlIballbai 

luf  hi  Haail.    Tba  bi 

Wednaada]!,  fietu 
ilna  chad,  a  nil 

1,  tVm.  CnilleiuKo,  < 


652 


Obituary. 


[Dec 


Drowned  off  Deechy  Hetid,  Ctatfltti,  yonngegt 
son  of  the  Ute  Frederick  Fitch,  esq.  SiUe  Uedlng- 
bam,  second  ofHcer  in  the  ship  Dullioiuie. 

At  Eton,  aged  9,  Franck  Coke  Denman  Ilodg* 
Ron,  eldest  Hon  of  the  late  Rev.  Francb  Hodgson, 
B.D.  Provost  of  Eton,  and  grandson  of  Lord 
Denman. 

At  Town  House,  near  Rochdale,  Harry-Farrant, 
tmly  child  of  (ieorge  Poulden,  esq.  barrister. 

At  St.  I..eonard's-on-Sea,  aged  20,  Edward 
Brabason  Trmston,  youngest  son  of  the  late  .Sir 
James  Brabazon  Urmnton. 

Aged  39,  F^ ward  Lloyd  Ward,  esq.  1st  Lieut. 
In  the  Royal  Denbigh  Rifles,  and  son  of  Thomas 
Edwanl  Ward,  («q.  of  the  Lodge,  Chirk. 

At  St.  Helen's  Villa,  Queen*s-road,  St  JohnV 
wood,  aged  74,  Mrs.  Yeld. 

r>cr.  20.  In  Weymouth-st.  aged  50,  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Lieut.  Charles  Ayre,  R.N. 

At  Peckham,  Surrey,  aged  75,  Samuel  Bowring, 
eaq.  of  Tower-st.  London. 

In  Tavistock -sq.  Elixabeth-rrsula,  wife  of  Julius 
Cahlmann,  esq.  London. 

In  London,  Emroeline,  the  wife  of  Capt.  Harger, 
2nd  Went  IndU  Regiment 

At  Alhin  Park,  SUrling,  aged  75,  Robert  Hen- 
derson, eMj. 

At  Stamford-liill,  aged  94,  Ann,  relict  of  J.  C. 
Homblower,  C.E. 

At  the  house  of  her  brother  Sir  Robert  H.  Inglls, 
Bart.  M.P.  in  Bedford-sq.  aged  64,  Mary  Louisa 
Inglis,  youngest  and  last  surviving  dau.  of  the 
late  Sir  Hugh  Inglis,  Bart,  of  MDton  Bryan,  Beds, 
where  for  the  last  flfteon  years  she  lived  the  loved 
and  honoured  occupant  of  the  Manor  House. 

In  Chester  pi.  Hyde  Park,  aged  73.  V.  C.  Kem- 
hall,  esq.  late  of  the  H.E.I.C.  Medical  Service  on 
the  Bombay  Establishment 

Aged  29,  Charles,  only  son  of  Charles  Lawrence, 
esq.  of  Medina  Villas,  Ualston,  Hackney. 

At  Dover,  Harriet-Emma,  younger  surviving 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Henry  PortUigton,  of  St. 
JohnVwood,  Regent's-park. 

After  a  severe  illness,  at  Clapham,  aged  73, 
Lieut-Col.  Andrew  Tilt,  late  of  the  37th  Itegt. 
Col.  Tilt  was  a  native  of  Brighton,  and  son  of  the 
late  3Ir.  Thomas  Tilt,  proprietor  of  tlie  Castle 
Hotel,  which  once  stood  in  CaKtle-sti. 

In  (TlouccAtcr-pl.  Hyde  Park-gardens,  aged  75, 
Eliza,  relict  of  Edward  Vanx,  esq.  of  Lloyd's. 

Oct.il.    At  Shalden ,  aged  5 1 ,  Mrs.  Mary  Bye. 

At  the  vicarage,  Farersharo,  Kent,  aged  25. 
Eleanor-Constance,  wife  of  William  Weittwood 
Chaty,  esq.  of  Chorlton-park,  near  Canterbury. 

At  Bath,  age<l  8 1 ,  Thomas  Hntton,  esq.  formerly' 
of  Calcutta. 

At  Davcntry,  aged  77,  Caroline-Miles,  relict  of 
Rev.  CharleA  Kipling,  LL.B.  late  Rector  of  Co.s- 
tow,  Lcic.  and  l'en>etual  Curate  of  Stony  Strat- 
ford, Bucks. 

At  Dundalk,  Robert,  second  son  of  the  late  David 
Murray,  esq.  of  Dundalk. 

At  her  brother-in-law's,  the  Rev.  W.  C.  Thomp- 
son, Rector  of  BLackborough,  Devon,  Mary-Char- 
lotte, wife  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  Stroud,  Perpetual 
Curate  of  Williton,  Somentet. 

At  Hasting,  aged  17,  Miriam,  dau.  of  John 
Tojnb«,  esq. 

At  Lower  Norwood,  Charles  Warner,  esq.  late 
of  Hal  kin -Ht.  Wctit 

At  Birkenhead,  aged  74,  Charlotte,  wife  of  John 
Wiliton,  eM\. 

Ikt.  22.  Aged  5i,  E.  A.  Batt,  esq.  Witney,  Oxon. 

At  St.  Omer,  France,  aged  82,  T.  Capreol, 
esq. 

At  Pan,  Basses  Pyrenees,  John-Edward,  son  of 
Jolin  Chandless,  e:«q. 

At  Ashford,  aged  G8,  Mary,  widow  of  the  Rev. 
Whittlcid  Cnrtcii*,  succcssdvely  Rector  of  Burwash, 
Sussex,  and  Smardcn. 

In  London,  aged  50,  George  IIcnr>'  D.insey, 
esq.  Min  of  the  Lite  I).  R.  Dunscy,  e.tq.  late  of 
KuHton-court,  Herefordshire. 

At  Mllo-end-roft*l,  ngeil  CO,  And.  German,  esq. 


In  Bedford-sq.  Lrdia-Maria-Looisa.  only  sur- 
viving child  of  Charles  E.  Murray,  esq. 

Suddenly,  aged  64,  Mr.  Charles  Palmer,  of 
HIgh-st  Southwark. 

In  London,  aged  52,  Cliarles  Frederick  Smith, 
esq.  late  of  Harbome-heath,  near  Birmingham. 

In  Albert-road,  Itegent's-paric,  ag«d  59,  John 
Spence,  esq.  late  of  Calcutta. 

At  Reading,  Mary,  dau.  of  the  late  Rer.  Henry 
Pratt,  \lcar  of  St.  Mary  Cray,  and  Orplnffton, 
Kent,  by  Mar>'-Pomeroy.  his  wife,  relict  of  T.  S. 
Salmon,  eitq.  M.D.  of  Reading,  Berks. 

Oct.  23.  Penelope,  wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  Moysey 
Bartlett,  incumbent  of  Marazion,  Cornwall. 

In  Nottiughara-pl.  aged  78,  Joseph  Brlgxs,  esq. 

At  Stoke  Newiiigton,  aged  88,  Jolin  Bur- 
bank,  esq. 

At  Edinburgh,  AUn  Colquhoun  Duniop,  esq. 

At  Framfleld,  aged  85,  Anna,  wife  of  the  ll^^-  J- 
H.  Foster,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  congregatkm, 
I'ckfield. 

At  Beverley,  aged  GO,  Martha,  relict  of  Richard 
Harrison;  esq.  of  Brandesburion  tiall. 

At  Clare,  Suffolk,  aged  80,  Mr.  James  Rey- 
nolds Ray. 

In  King's-row,  Pentonville,  Miss  Mary  Rodd, 
sister  of  the  late  Thomas  Rodd,  of  Ncwport-et 

Oct.  24.  At  Liverpool,  aged  03,  Margaret,  widow 
of  Cieorge  Blake,  esq. 

Aged  53,  Mr.  (icorge  Bridges,  for  more  than  ts 
years  Master  of  Hampton  and  Ilampton-wkk 
Grammar  School. 

At  Coney  Weston  Hall,  aged  72,  Edward  Bridg- 
roan,  esq. 

In  Portman-pl.  Maida-hill,  aged  G5,  Mrs.  Susan- 
nah Chapman. 

At  Hastings,  aged  72,  John  Henry  CUvc,  eaq.  of 
Staflbrdshire,  and  late  of  Bath. 

In  Bell-lane,  aged  80,  Thomas  Davia,  esq.  of 
Gloucester,  solicitor. 

At  Hayes-pl.  Lisson-grove.  London,  Marnret- 
Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Admiral  Daly,  C.B. 

At  Woolwich,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Comnumder 
Michael  Dwyer,  R.N.  and  eldest  dau.  of  John 
Hall,  esq.  of  Weston  Colvillo. 

At  the  rectory.  Little  Ycldham.  Essex,  aged  3, 
Stephen,  second  sun  ;  and  on  the  30th  of  Oct.  aged 
5,  Anna-Ix)ulM,  third  dau.  of  the  Rev.  .1.  (^aselee. 

In  Lownde!i-^q.  aged  64,  John  Has&all,  esq. 

At  Exeter,  aged  87,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Neale,  of 
Berkeley,  (iloucestershiru. 

At  Stockton,  aged  67,  Mary,  widow  of  Leonard 
RaLsbcck,  esiq. 

At  Brighton,  aged  75,  Eleanor,  widow  of  Capt. 
Hugh  Reid,  Coruwall-terr.  Regent's-pai^. 

At  Vpper  Montagu-st.  Montogu-sq.  aged  31. 
Johu-James,  only  surAiving  son  of  the  late  Wm. 
H.  Rcnwlck,  esq.  of  Canterbury. 

At  Milton,  near  Laughame,  Carmarthenshire, 
Herbert  Henry  Rice,  esq.  youngest  son  of  the  late 
Major  Walter  Rice,  of  Llwyii-y-Brain,  Carmar- 
thenshire. 

Oct.  25.  At  Bruges,  aged  73,  Elizabeth,  widow 
of  Wra.  Butterfield.esti.  Rear-Admiral  of  the  Red. 

In  l.«nnard-pl.  St.  John's-wood,  aged  55,  Lieut.- 
Col.  E.  W.  Jones,  13th  Regt.  Bombay  N.I. 

At  Kennlngton,  Ann,  widow  of  James  William 
Longman,  e-^q.  paymaittcr  of  the  1st  or  King'i 
German  Ix>gion. 

At  Whitfield  Hall,  aged  68,  Elizabeth,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  William  Ord,  esq.  of  Fenham  and 
Whitfield,  Northumberland,  and  sUter  to  William 
Urd,  esq.  Whitfield  Hall,  late  M.P.  for  Newcastle. 

John  Edward  Sandorion,  esq.  <iIouccster-iiq. 
Hyde-park. 

At  Bedford,  aged  49,  CJeorge  Henry  Sharpe,  caq. 
of  the  ishuid  of  St.  Vincent,  West  Indies*. 

At  Newcastle,  aged  85,  Rol»ert  S.  Stanliopo,  es<|. 
one  of  the  Elder  Brethren  oftlje  Trinity  House,  of 
which  coriKnration  lie  was  .Master  1a^t  year. 

Aged  52,  Edward  John  Tealc,  cmj.  of  Leeds. 

At  the  Grove,  Hertford,  agc<l  29,  Thouia.s  Dor- 
mer Young,  esq. 

Oct.  26.    At  Stoke  P.ishop,  Edward  Belcher,  esq. 


1853.] 


Obitu 

At  VaBTtHon,  Mir  Lrnilncliin,  HuU,  Cbuiljr- 

Ellu,ti4««tdu.  If  Ibg  l*M  wnujun  Cliuiberii, 
eu.  of  tlw  H«.  K.I.C.  OtU  Swrlo. 

Ac«t  II.Juw-FniK*!.  irllkat  Wdi.  ComptOB, 
M.  dT  Um  limn,  Cimliannll.  Santj. 

At  Cleadm  OMtua.  neu  Senih  siMU,  igad 
M.  Jtnt-AiiB*,  iDiulta  dn.  ■>(  lbs  Ula  tlav,  1>, 
CruMhwiilU.  B J),  cnnw  vf  EIoni{tiion-l»Ji|irU>i|. 

At  llvmptfla.  £ncii,  «IiJB«t  dap,  of  the  IJiUi 

At   Itwlln,  01  eiioierk.  L'DArn 

Barun  .I'EndD,  Ch«mh«rtiUn  lo .-, 

Klnii  ursuonx.and  tUen  ilsu.  of  Ulul.-CMn. 
John  liMer  VIDUcnld.  K.C.l>.uiilU.1'. 

Al  Sliciinuil.  I»ei.ltl»  llmllcy.  o>il)r  •nntv- 

In  JIuitmi-it.  lUton-Ki.  (gcil  U '  OOB-O'CoD- 

°Ai  Wmialull.  Btu  Driffldd.  KUu-JuM,  nl'lk  vi 
Uig  Hor.  John  JUIllnw..  Vlar  of  M'olwang. 

- -IT.thBlflglilHoo.  Juno 


HuTiM,  widow  o[  rhiiiioiilicr  JitCfi  M^-  ' 


of  Jobn  Derk*)*)'.  e^'  of  Hltidlip,  i 

ITM.  and  loaw  Ihup  four  duvtiti 

2nft 

8Jl..llnii 

M.  IT. 
JohnAilta,.     .     ,  _. 
cltrkoflbopulitaatTi.  . 

Ac«d  IT,  Hannf-niKtMon,  wieo  ry  Klrhurd 


n,  IHOibun,  D 


rormtrlxoTClicliu.udininrvda  of  GreM  Vir- 

Ur.  Cumiiltn*  E(iu,  iDn  of 
ioIjIId.  who  mat  hU  deilh 


Hr.  Kdwvd  UlBtaUr, 

uid  iDollicr  of  Ur.  Unrd  lUnWar,  of  ijnaO-fl. 

M  NonrBod,  aged  »,  Otono  ItWMl  mtbolU, 

SHI.  Ula  of  m  RHt.  aiHl  rtdaal  KH  of  KlUasW 

■  VkliolU.  e«|.  of  SaSwrVhUI,  Hnrwood, 

Aj{*d  GO.  ChMrita  SiKunr,  nq.  or 
road,  Onyumd. 
Al HuTK-hin.  SBrray.ageJ  IT,  Uartha, 

AtlMrrHidc[u»,!(olI1ng-hni,i(alU.)Urtb^  I 
rtfMoOCr.Judah  Wllklnidr,  Conncrlr  ot  UA-  I 
lana,  and  Candirldfa-tt.  Uyda-liark.  I 

IM.19.  la  Snaitx-uliKe,  l(annt>i>-Daik,  aaai  I 
n.  Charfu  A.  H.  <»dar,  M.  nongtat  aoq  orUr.  1 
Htorir  aBd  Lady  Fianiw  Oikur. 

At  EiHnbiinb,  EUutBth-Cbanetllar,  ti 
Oaalri  Collm.  tt  NtdoB  Lodge,  Morlglk. 


A«gdDO,  Clurlca  tWv.oMi.  of  Iha  Canal,  9atfc'  I 

la  OocuvB-at.  MvonuiH.  agod  Ml,  lOu  EUi 
batb  EUsrr.  >iilcr  of  iho  Utr  BobrM  KUnr,  caq^  1 
tanmij  of  B«l-tUII,  IVnnronia,  and  SecralaiT  M  9 

HM.  DockfiaA.  Vemtpeit.  " 

At  Allennn.  afod  19,  Cdwird,  third  aon 
Flatrbar,  ttq.attbt  Uri'Tiaol  Umneh  of  Ih 
of  England. 

Al  UK    Mount.  Bninut[nn>c.  ^ 
a»d  si.Harr,  wiKof  Jamsf^raoi.Tai.;  auw.ai 
ttw  ttb  ImL  at  BronigroTfl.  m«d  T&,  Uary,  raUtt 
of  (loorgc  Tandf,  ciQ.  and  motliet  ul  IM  atarg 


uler^lra, 


AldHnuB  ICgna.  ol  I 
KliDfl  ilKMIng.    HI*  gno  ac 
and  Uia  wbnla  fhargo  lod4[Dil 
At  nfinoutti,  a:^  TB,  K 

Ttaftiiinv.  ami  waa  odd  of  Ia 

nf  Ihe  lata  Menlwortli  Halln.  ei^.  fonoo-lj  of 


At  n 


•oo.         Al  forcnasiar-tiimea,  n^'nratgr,  Hn.  Xarjr 

ud      L«*ig,  ralict  of  Thomai  Laali.  aiQ. 

«.  Al  CrtHinc,  aged  IT,  Mklud  Udurdi,    R« 


■Mow  of  Mr.  Jiuike  Ua/H,  ol 
DriH'h.  Inlaod 

'of    ificl'lKl 


May  IBIi.    Total  Hrrkia  tt  nan.  i  montLi,  and 
SGdayi,    BabadawaciiMdiilwIUi  dvBclaaiii. 

Al  Oalwa]>,  at  har  iBD-a,  iM.  Honalda,  tUu,  tin 
wUb  of  Edmuud  RuMlda.  fq. 


Murrali,  on,  of 
.  Omrgg  UoMrt 


WotIMn*. 
At   St.  Otyih  Towar,  Ui 

www,ir,K. 

Al  Unoaaalwronah.  lAi^hoda,  apd  19,  Jntiit 
Wright,  eaq. 

On.».  Alhb  cnl-lont-i'.  Urlan.  KaMX,  no- 
hart  Barclay,  cai|,  of  lj>mbar4-«. 

U.  (maino  UiuMiii,  (bniuly  a  Uauunanl  In 


of  Edmund VilioB,* 


.  .  _.      .._ . wUk  ofooorgo  Bakor, 

^.Rackncr. 
g  Fvk-ptaca,  SL  JamDa'ii,  aged  TO.  John  Btd- 


ihalUidg*  Hoial.  lAidim  Drtdga. 
hlmarirwlih  aplrtol  whIUt  in  Uaa 
Dial  calaUldiuient.    TTwJttT]' 
uE"  TetDponry  Ijtianity." 
Vaddnl^alibf  lloyal  Hulna  llarHrh*,  Kor- 

ndwantaVlulral  XarlnM. 

At  Stonabouo.  agad  09,  John  roete.  —n.  Cut. 
IEJ4.  (MUtd).  (or  many  yaan  a  nagiatrala  Ibr 

In  klanios-iq. 
Lailnga.    Slww 

Hudlln,  IT  uiBiw 

sr  Wiufaai  JOM*.  __ _  .. 

UIO  M  at  Rkterd  IvRlagd.  Um,  uul  left  Ui> 
vMawlnlMi. 

men  thr  niiitHn  ofa  Uud  nwdon  IhalBngi, 
Hf.  John  lltnrj  I.hHliay,  of  iIm  Storli  EaolianKc. 
oMM  Mm  oflhokUcKofaerlUlldaai.aaii.ofiUa 

Al  hn  iMdann,  ClM>l«a4t,  WMIi«mM-MT 


iIIoo.UUuIbUiAi 


At  Urlgbtoo.and  11.  MarnM.w 
Lyall.aaq.  lau  cf  KuIUnii-ldn.Loiid--. 

At  !iauiliiwB,  agad  IT.  Un.  CnoDO  Monu. 
widow,  and  OHuf  Dicdaoglitinoftha  lata  John 
hIdncT.  H).  of  iha  court  Lod(E.  YaUing. 

At  HUland  Ilout,  SoiUttaaiplDn.  agal  BO,  Ha. 
rfaniu,  widow  ot  W.  l-midaigial.  «*q. 

Al  Ctemialen'blll,  XaoMn^lOn.  age!  3B,  1>r. 
Uonry  Vwiia. 

CU-ll.  In  KawnvgtQD-pl.KCBnlnglon.Surny. 
agod  II.  KnuuB-Saiitilii.  widow  of  Jasua  Tumor 

.  a«H  IB,  JoCil  Bl 


,in  llaclory,  near  nunftfHunI, Ji 
Oir  liTT,  llrinrt  lionjctaa,  lt.A.  Canon  d| 
raCalbedna. 


METEOUOLOaiCAL  DIAIIY,  a»  W.  CAHY,  STHAMf 
From  Oetober  SO,  lo  NoBtmbrr  2j,  16)3,  MM  inehuUt. 


fahr 

i>h«i[->  Therm 

FabrenbcU'*  Tberm. 

^H 

a 

til  = 

2Z 

1           Weather. 

M 

Hi 
'A— 

M 

Oct. 

'  ;in.  pit 

N^ 

'    in.pt..! 

88 

57  ,  6* 

57   ^'t,  72    fr.  hettrraiD 

11 

40 

40 

42  m,  26  icloodj.  fair 

Tl 

X  1  83 

39  ,     .  GS    r>i.i:j.hT.r.ltc. 

12 

42 

49 

45       ,  22   'rtscT.  r>n 

88 

54  1  61 

51  ]     ,67   clouJy,  bir 

13 

40 

17 

42    29,  85    rain.  ek»d« 

89 

53     56 

47       .  87    Wr 

14 

40 

44 

»        ,  74  .  cloadr 

30 

49 

bi 

50  30,05  IcloBdy 

15 

40 

il 

12       .69    rg,.  .lert.m. 

31 

50 

55 

50   29,  03  Ifair,  tlood; 

Id 

4t 

45 

35        .6B    f«r.  fogsy 

lf.I 

51 

58 

5i       ,  88    cloodj,  Wr 

17 

31 

43 

34       ,77    do. 

S 

63 

50 

50        ,92   ihiir,  cloadj 

18 

» 

47 

36       ,  97    do.  eloodf 

3 

•W 

56 

51    30.  Oa    foggy,  Itir 

19 

40 

47 

41   3U,05    do.  do. 

4 

48 

51 

48  29,  M    fldT 

20 

42 

47 

41       ,10   cloudy,  raiD 

S 

18 

50 

50        ,81 

Jo. 

21 

3S» 

41 

38       ,  26    do. 

6 

50 

57 

S3       ,93 

run,  gloomy 

22 

34 

40 

35       .  ^3    edj.rn.dc»c 

7 

M 

57 

33  30,21 

23 

:«i 

35 

32       .  19   do.  do.  do. 

8 

50 

55 

43       .26 

21 

33 

45 

38        .99    do.r^a.sDOW 

0 

41 
40 

49 

48 

85 

35 

41 

4£ 

'.m 

cL.«d/wr 

**!       ' 

■ 

DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS. 


1 

1 

i 

"1 

e1 

ll 

b 

at.  Billa 

:£10W. 

38 



91| 

S2i 

Ml   S 

991 250   ldi..l,.«. 

par. 

<pi». 

» 

212 

921 

yal 

Ml   5 

psr.Spm. 

4  pi. 

■    paiv 

3li«a 

eat 

941 

»ii   S 

113   2di.. 

5 

1  pM. 

2 

1215 

921 

9ai 

Oil   S 

991113   218    lpD..2di(. 

ptt. 

sf».i 

3 

!16 

94 

9.M 

98)   i 

99| 253    2du.lpm. 

2 

5  pu. 

4 

216 

94 

9^» 

%     H 

— iPiir  ■''""■'''"■ 

& 

1  pm. 

S 

7 

94 
94| 

95 
93J 

gti   

217 

96i   5 

par-Spm, 

5 

2PW. 

217 

!M| 

9&1 

Ml   i 

251    ,,„3pn,. 

2 

Spaa. 

9 

217 

954 

a^ 

ihl    

5 

2paw 

10 

ai7i 

94| 

~p«r.2JU. 

5|nq., 

11 

941 

95|   5| 

•m 251       2p,n. 

2p«.. 

12  218 

9U 

9H 

wl 

251    p,r.2(H.. 

5 

2  pn. 

14,216 

sal 

941 

95i   5j 

1    2dii- 

5 

2  pm. 

15l 

94 

DiJ 

96     5» 

ldU,2pm. 

3 

Opn. 

16,218 

91 

95 

96     5i 

253    

.1 

6  pm. 

n'ais 

94 

95 

96i-^ 

2pd,.p.r. 

7  pat. 

18| 

91 

95 

96     5| 

pir. 

4 

7p«a. 

132I?i 

94 

95 
9S 

96    

Il2t 

5 

Bpm. 

21218 

94t 

96i 

250       Ipi... 

Cpaa. 

gJiS 

ftl 

95 

96| 

991112    Ipm. 

6 

ypm. 

94 

95 

961   5t 

I    Ipm. 

6 

ilpm. 

24  218 

94 

95 

961   » 

a 

9  pm.,, 

25 

94 

SSI 

m  a 

113    Ipm. 

5 

apm. 

2. 

w 

S< 

•jgI 

4pn.. 

a 

Spm. 

J.  J.  ARNULL,  Stock  and  Sh»e  Urokcr. 

3i  Coplhall  ChaiDlicri,  Aiigcl  Co«n, 

ThrogmorUtn  fitml,  I  — 


ArUinr  Tbomai  Unrlifi  "^  "-"-  otNMrlmn 
ir*ll.  UanleomnTitiln.  (oa  BcKi|bra-pI.  Kimtb- 
■w,  Uuila.  Htuiim  ol  Ilw  InW  Sir  JoEin  I'oinll 
I'rkl.llnrl.  .^I\nil<>»li  IKill. 

A(  lii  ■■■      ■   .  '  .  Ill   tilt  pBTbtl  OI 

T»ii"i...  iiiiicu.  Od.    Mt. 

Mull.-.  I     SV'uuilinv  litt' 

tllPIII  llir|Ul)f««UtUIT 


I  JhuiU  FvlviiU,  vn.  V 


At  QuraMT.  nwrirt,  irfft  of  Jl 


q.or  ^on 
u-nl  H.  Tbomu  r         —    - 

'Itmloa,  war  Ai 
Jtef.  I.    At  Uiidklgli   Mlnloi,  nvrni,  J 


If  10  dmioi*  tb 


ff  mill  J0UJI4E      <lHvi>li{iii' 


--.■■■■■.  Kifc  Dcvniiiiiii 


(iHUuetiournc,  Keut.aeHlM 
nih,  irlUt  df  Wintiin  Atbol.  alt, 

AI  Brogiptin^qiiitfe,  Mf^  «>,  ArUiiir  <t« 
"■-*B,«M.«ni^(l«ru««  " '  ■' 


Counell  of  Ihfl  bontiAh  of 
lUBjohnAiklD.ll.l!. 


•ntbir,  CloQilcj.  USitvl,  vbtltv  of  klOK*!  TOlhca.  CwnbrMco, 

,  Blutath,  wUint  Df  and  ddnl  mniTing  •in  of  Her.  A.  L.  LunbeR. 
uf  lluknef.  At  Wondliudi.  Torqtux,  ascd  lis,  Juw,  ndiM  of 

(E  rmnll ,  CB|.  Ulltil  If^.  mer  f.el^h . 


TABLE  OP  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OF  LONDON. 
[Frant  fAf  Belvmi  timed  ty  lit  Stfitlrar-Oeneral.^ 


Dcatb*  Ruaittcred 

^1 

S.wrd.j. 

Under 
15. 

IS  to 

60  iDd   '  Ace  not 

Tot«l. 

Milei. 

FcmalM. 

Oct.       ». 
Nm.        «. 

.,     IS  . 
..     19. 

S7D 

S52 

Sir 

C09 

382 
361 

3H7 
339 

,j„    1       „ 

'      592 

1    srs 

617 
606 

aS3 
923 

5S« 

ifiir 

lOfiS 
IGU 

ia6i 

176    i       12 

m          1 

111! 
IIOI 
1192 
1162 

AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  Nov.  25. 
I    Barlfjr-    I     OMi.     I      Rjte.      I    B«*ni. 


PRICE  OP  HOPS,  Nov,  28. 
BtitMX  Pack«t.  •>!.  9i.  la  IK.  8«.— Kent  Pockels,  III.  Ot.  to  17/.  Ot. 

PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  Nov.  26. 

Utj.  *l.  &,.  lo  U.  lU.^Striv,  U.  i'U.  to  21.  2j.— Clover,  H.  15j.  to  61.  6i. 

SMITHFIELD,  Nov.  2a.    To  link  the  Offal— per  <toa«  of  Mlbi. 


of  Cnltte  at  Market,  Nov.  2». 

til 4,3(3    Calvet  272    , 

cpandLaiobi   25,350    Piga 


..Si.    Od.toii. 
...3i.    im.ta:.*.    2.;.   I        Bcuta. 
.,.3<t.     ad. toil.    Gd.  Shecpi 

..31.    tit.  to4«.  lOrf.   I 

COAL  MARKET,  Nov. 
;.  19t.  0(1.  to  32*.  Od.  per  ton.     Otbcr  lorta,  lOa.  M.  to  Hi.  r,4. 
W  awt.— IWu  T«Ua«,  SBi.  Oi.     ¥«llow  Rni^,  57«.  6rf. 


656 

METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  CAKY,  Sibams. 
Prom  Octabrr  26,  to  Nmtmher  H,  IB3J;  *oU  iaeimsirr. 
>'al>Tcii!>ei('a  I'lrerm.  ;,  j  FWlMiiheit't  Thcr^ 

Not.      '    I     '         'in.  pt», 

"     40  ,  42  30,  86   .Aimij,  bv 

47     1«   29.  S3    Tmm.  rioa^T 


sS 

^. 

-51 

fi7 

ftl 

(W 

» 

ftl 

,Vl 

.W 

IH 

..* 

i*l 

,'>.') 

hi 

.*! 

M 

,w 

41) 

.w 

4» 

.■ir 

IH 

.■id 

Ml 

.■iV 

Nl 

.VI 

.■ill 

.V. 

11 
*0 

4y 

■w 

!),  72  fr.  henj  nin 

,  Wf  rp^cjr.hy.r.ltg. 

,  AT  clonrjy,  ftir 

,  97  '  fair 

0,05  'cloadj           I, 

9,93  ;f»ir,  cloadr      ; 

,88  ^cloDdj,  fkir     I 

,  D2  ifair,  cloodj     | 

0,  03  |/0Kgj-  hir      I, 

9,  tH  Ifair                   i, 


U     40     U  .  (8 

13     40     41  '  48 


.  7»    ■ 


,f«ir.  Km* 


«  •»  ,  ,  T7    «o. 

47  ,  36  '  ,87    do.  dmJr 

47  I  41   3D,  Ot>    d«.  do. 

.  47  I  41  .10    cfaMdj.  rna 

4[  I  38  ,  86    do. 

35  3£  .  IB  I  do.  do.  ^ 

I  45  X  ,  ,911    ,da.nui.Mia 

41  U  !  .08  .'do.  do. 


DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS. 


1 

1 

J| 

^1 

«l 

1.-0 

c  u 

n,  s 

J 

i 

a^ 

_2 

28 

— 

ni 

82i 

29 

212 

92} 

Mi 

31 

212 

saj 

94t 

2 

215 

02| 

9S( 

3 

!ie 

94 

9Si 

4 

21IJ 

94 

»:>i 

S 

217 

94 

95 

7 

217 

9*i 

9a 

B 

217 

94 

95 

e 

217 

94t 

95 

10 

217i 

931 
93} 

94I 

11 

94 

la^B 

93 
93 

m 

UZ16 

WJ 

94 

Mi! 

94 

95     i 

1731B 

04 

95     ; 

H 

35* 

i3>iri 

W 

95^ 

21218 

Ml 

9sl 

22  218 

941 

D5| 

23121S 

!)4l 

^^ 

24  218 

9<f 

at 

94 

911 

26 

4 

se 

s-i  -«-3  -"1?  ^s      a        E*-  fi">» 


«.  I.  NIOHOLf  ANI 


INDEX 


llJ  KSSAys,  DISSERTATIONS,  ANi>  HISTURICAL  I'A 


^ 


*,*  Tk»  Principal  Memoir*  iu  ike  Oitn\ii.a.H  art  dittlnellgmttredlnthu  Index. 


Ateeniimt,  chaiine  In  brui  of  lb«  8D 
Ather,  Mr.  Jdalpkia,  niFmuir  ofsas 
Atia  Miner  ana  Cilieia,  ■nliquUiei  dri- 

cuverril  37  G 
Atialle  SiKitly,  miiilveiiarjr  of  63 
Aiifria,  Dilnnitriet  in  6a 
Auyrian  inieripliBni  63 
Alegrian  SmrMy,  rurmiitivn  otV3 
Jugnttin,  ileiiariui  uf,[nui>il  it  HMxicU 


Mu  Skakrein,  murblM  Oiicovrrcil  at  64 
Miuhudhr,  upulcbritl  jari  ditcuvftcd  6.1 
jidam.  Aim.  Sir  Ckarla,  mrmuir  i>l  &S3 

Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Fred.  nirinair»r&S7 

Agricullnrai  Sociely,  mnVpg  il  GIou- 

AimwBrlk,  Jamei,  etg,  memait  erS^S 
.tit-laCknFtlh.  AenuMl  o;RtHet  at  331 
/tiaiailrum,  vue  of  alaliuiFr  ffum  J  83 
Alitrl,  Prinet,  maouoiBnt  l<>,  pronoied 

GOti 
Aldrtne,  n<ar  Birdiall,  bnrroHi  at  623 
.ile  laid  bg  the  yard  434,  hAli 
j/ltj-anderilme,  (uniulnt  ai  4'ja 
Allen,  Adm.  Jehn.  memoir  rf  3  10 
Ame;  Mr.  b.\i  colleciium  and  elMrucUr 

■idb 


Andeiida,  Rumnn  walliof  166 
Jndmon.  Lord,  niemi'ir  nf  336 
An3lo-Saj:an  arekUtcltire  in  Siurtx  \3i 
anlianititi,    colkciton    of 

616 
Antlqaariet,  Soeiely   of,    propAsed  Nrw 

SiHIuiFi   of  6?i  |krorvrdiii£«   iif   r>l6, 

;GI;  of  Nt<iciii(Ic996,  508,  61? 
A«li<ttinrt,  Wanieringt  iff  an 

353,  S3B,  5T9 
Aniiquititt,  Muieum  of,  nl  Dublin  690 
Aniwrrp,  CkapaUe  Je  Bavrgofnt afil 

oil  four  mint  fnund  a(  80 

Appelile,  Annali  rifiSO 
Arasa.  D.  F.  J.  memoir  of  S3T 
AriniAnol,  Lt.-Cen:  Sir  R.  mtmulr  of? 
Areka-olegical  Aueeialion,  prDccrdlr>s>  < 


US, 


I  (if); 


;f  2H0 


Artkrehsieal  ImtHtile.proettiWii^ianB, 
16e.  I«li  M  Cbifltnicrl-eT 

Artkaologieal  Society  far  North  Ox- 
fordihire,  fiirmiiiioii  i.f  S.'iO 

Arrkilecl;  InilUute  iff  Briltih,  mreiing 


^rekitielHTat  Muttum,   Cbdi 


R..M 


Wei(iniii>tct(i5 
Aithileclure,  Byimilini  and  Golhic  Mj\ti 

of  391.     Axelu-Swaii  in  Buuei  134 
Jr efic  Htgian;  ixiki  from  *i3 
jlrieoninm,  iiaiioii  ot  501 

•tmi,  hU  «/,  detcriplion  ai  630 
^W^  qf,  pnats  64,  GD4 
-iyLonioH,  prin-t  173 
"^wrlof,  iBonumciit  in  ChichEt 
«l38g 
tffbXL. 


AuatHlia.  gold  digKidgt  at  899 

Iirupoicd  e«|ilorillaii  of  4^4 

Autliia,  tictti  r.nm  SI6,  633 

Bmperor  nf,  h*<nilliHl  uf  %98 

Aiulria  and  SfitzeHaad,   dl*FUle>   be- 

i»eenS9a 
Babet  Hill.  bftllUpr513 
Badd«w,  LUIte.  irpukbral  tltkf'-ei  al  SI'S 
Sou,  Sir  mUiam,  metnair  of  533,  83G 
Banvium,  mUmchmrnt*  »i  506 
Hantei't.  Sir  John.  Coirt*foiu)c\icf.  356 
UurdvttU Church,  mural  |i>iii>ii"e*  i"  I<t7 
B<fU  Cathedral,  *tvi\pwrtt  at  463 
B«teman,Kteh.  Tkai.  etq.  mrnioir  ofSIS 
Baihurit,  Bifhop,  nwmoirt  ul  V41 
Bayeuj.  Tafeitrg,  brrViire  uii  Jtl>i 
BeauJ'tg  Cabinet  of  Token*  485 
ficUHsau  CalKrdral,  arehitroiDre  »t  558 
Bedford,  dtte.  Dlickoet  if,  »le  of  PirlurM 

173 
Btdeitid^  ttureA  ii»k  ?!>« 
Btel-raol,  HltlorirBl  Ni>le<  on  SI 
Belgian  Royal  Family,  viiii  England  (iM 
Ari/sf .  Lieul.  memoir  uF  640 
Bril-Saiiage,  oriein  of  tlie  iii>i  4g; 
itmnefl,  Mr.  5.  memoir  of  4S3  I 

Bentrell,  fra^ menit  from  50a 
Berwulf,  iicn  edili.m  of  399 
Btrmada,  Ike  ttormt  at  434 
flefAan,  Sir  miUam,  memoir  of  GS3 
Bidittll,  Mr.  John  Cami,  memair  of  433 
Bignar.  Roman  Filla  at  169,  9iO.  363 
Birtlull  aiurrk.  •eulpn.red  *(oii«  at  41 
Bi'kofHe;  Niw  Cetniat  \«9 
Birilun.  Syihie  Incriptien  at  64 
Dtoie.  Comm.J.  Ralfk,  inemuitof3l3 
Bolttn  F>tt  £lintr)r,  rilalilttbcd  005         ' 
Bambvy  Sektol  ef  D—ign,  oationrii  tTO 
Botitllerr  Toktni  487 
BoreowUue,  coin  and  •'.ng  f.u.id  al  617 
Buiham,  8axDi>  eo\\<-ti'  *•  IBS,  388 
BoHlegne,   Eiiglitli  tonibt  al,  drxroiiFd 

330 


Index  lo  Essays,  ijc. 


BfW.hill,  near  Oiuhtsler,  Driljih  village 

■t  183 
Bojgroie  Priory  Church  1 89 
Brabant,  Ihike  of,  mirrisec  uf  3SS 

*itit  (uengUnd  e«4 

JiraJford  New  Tivm  Hall,  upeiied  391 
Bmdilriel,  Sir  Simm,  mtiuuir  of  631 
Bntmbtr  Catlle  139 
Brandon,  ibe  ancient  flroDiitliiin  501 
Bravo,  the  Rebel  Chirf,  aiiecdoie  uf  A49 
Brof,  Mri.  Caicle,  and  the  Edscumbe 

fam>lr351,444 
Brrcon,  Cambrian  Arcbaulngicii  Auo- 

cimiiin  at  t9B 

Ch*rcha,  ■rebilpolure  o(504 

uLn    the    Eiao- 


Ecliit  £06 


tnd  iii«cr)bFd  ■< 


I 


Breeanthiri,  i 

in  GnT 

Brtdwardint Hill,  Arlbur'*  Hone  on  501 
Bridget,  Oimm.JamaH.  memoir u[ 901 
Bridg/ord,  FTut,  "  ChtUli»  Upi>  ad]u- 

BrilMArehiteeli'  ImtitHli.  tnreling  604 
BniithAuoetalMi,mlHnU.ractiiii%nl  3»9 
Britlih  hiandi,  guld  fuunil  in  SU 
Briliih  and  Saxan  namtt  e/ perieni  and 

fiacei  in  Suattx  IB& 
BrMan's,  John,  Wilishire  collcclinnB  68 
— topD^rtpbicAl  (luticcc   of  Nottb 

WiJtiGll 
^-^  lBII«ro[55(i 
Brome painl-lea  60 
Br»WMl»%B,  Earl,  memoir  of  525 
Bryan,  Sir  fVimcu,  leliet  or  245 
Brgcken  0i)reAWflt0;,nianyTdam  uf  500 
Bmtnm  Agrn,  bluchiil*  ceated  i(  39!J 
BuUai,Advt.  StrCharlet,  memoir  of  309 
Bulmer,  Sir  Btvie  53 
Burmali.  nro(  from  Bl,  398,  SI3 
Btinabt,  Capl.Slrlf.C.H.  memoir  u(  S30 
Buntel,  /iuAiy,  diamond  riiifof  78 
Bnmiide,  Dr.   (ifi  lo  Trinitjr   College, 

T..r»i.Io  etS 
Bury    and    IFeil    Suff'aU    larlUule    tf 

Areha^tgy,  meeliiijci  uf  IBT.  5iJ 
Sfriaafine     CoMOri    •/'  the    feauxttulir 

PrHod  g!7 
Syuiniine  and  Gtlhie  Artkilteturt  S9* 
CabrMtt;  »ilbdra»*l  of  ibe  poblic  SBS 
C^,  dri'Rieliori  ot  Ibe  Temple  ..f  16 
Crtar  Famllf,  The  SJS 
CVn'ra,  iirigin  nf  ibe  name,  488 
Calvrrt,  Gen.  Sir  Harry,  journal  of  470 
Gimirian  Archirotogieai  Altoeiallen   at 

CamMdgt  Univtrnly,  priiet  66,  ITO 
Canlrrhury,  Munaxie  Buildiiii*  of,  Prof. 

Wlllij-,  leriure  on  tb«  77 
■  NiiriiDUi  tuircaie  at  391 

Cb/xa/CMd  Hep*,  ii*»«.niiitniiutiS99 
Omrauiiut,  Unputluhed  Onnio/SO 
CarlUlt  Cathtdrtl,  propoteil  reilorallon 

«I39I 
Otrtigteh,  tba  forlrMi  of  499 


Carter,  Mr.  Jahn,  drawing*  by  IT 

Mr,  iamu,  memuir  of  96 

Oisnuui,  defeat  of  Rusaiana  in  Ib«  189 

Ceref,  bran  flfiure  of  BO 

ChaloHt  Cathedral,  SS6 

Charlet  I.  femnle  iletcenilanta  of  3 

. Political  Cari<>ture,teaip^t5 

Puiimen,  temp,  of  49 

Charlee  II.  cram  uf  aiiiiuiiiH  by  &I9 
Ch«rlt4  XI t.  of  Swtdm,  ileai  b  uf  6D1 
Chapman,  Sir  MontagM  £,.  atenair  ol  •> 
CheUea  Old  Chureh,  monument  In  >■• 
Ckeniielry.BByaKMUgt  af.aitrrtttcMm 
Ckertiey  Aibt^.  bran  ofTertorj  di>b  19 
Chettaul  Tree  at  Cotrit  356 
Chryne.SirThiymai.  letter  of  S4.1 
Chiehrsler,   Afcb«i4oKie«l 
1G8,  181 


n. 


China,  iiewi  from  189,  398.  £16.  SU 
ChiinurChurth,xuoniimtntiii  HBfmai 
Chima,  Eiru^an  lurnt.  frum  187 
Che&ham  OemBiim,  mililary  camp 

300 

Cholera  at  /Veueaiile  S 1 T 
CAriaft  Agony,  a  ehMin|[  in  brua  M 
t'ilida  and  Aita  Maun-,  etplurat  ion  tttn 
fJircutio,  tiaiiiinoF50« 
Cirenceiter,  lOehard  e/48 

Ckurrh,  literal l>in  in  400 

Ciftvaeni,  near  Herthyr  499 
Vit-il  Liil,  peiitiun*  Ghnrged  o 


Cia|)AoMFintt(^.«auliof,i 
CltrgyOrphan  SthacI,  enlargi 
Clifton    Btynrt,     Buck; 

it'lueial  79 
Ootk,  TaUe.  nude  in  1550, 
Cotkbun,Adtn.Sir  Gtorgt,  n 
Ouint,     Creek,     " 


Slav 


>lof3»0 


Taur 


dS76 


elellan.  and  Conaianlln*  I7I 

If  Id.    at    Cunebelin,    iumn4    ■» 

Glemiflrld  SlS 
■  found  at  Hamiob  SI4 

of  the  Bmperor  Ci'irmodoa  CI7 

Cnto,    Sir    Edward,  eipotKlaa     nf    (b« 

I'aiuie  airainil  CaneotW*  5T 
CtkhfMtr,  Mail  found  at  h\A 
CoUHd/re,  orlcin  of  the  AnHrnt  Uarltttt 

ofSIl 
Colanial  Bitheprle;  Nrw  189 
Cai,,nhmak,Ve{.Jiu.  SitM.  ■aeni-U  of  kig 
Commoiiui,  Emfrror,  lirata  euln  of  S17 
Ctmyn,  Str  K»Urt  H.  mem.rfr  at  »f 
(ar*.  «r  Dkemirm  •/  C 
f<56 


Indtn  to  Ettayt,  ifc. 


Cong,  Crou  af,  I2lb  tentury  691 
CauBU,  a/ltrwards  L4a   III.    chtrxder 


C<xiketlef,lUar~Mm.JtkH,mtmmtut3\0 
Cooprr,  Branitji,  i$q.  ntnioir  of  316 
CBpemiau,  NkbIowi,  monument  to  171 
Cork.  Queen' I  OtlUgt,  i'rufctiunliipi  at  GB 
Omuh  ChuTckit,  archilfcturc  of  79 
Cttmwali,  Diieifnt  ecc1riiAi(ii.-«1  buililingt 

In  79 
Certti,  dtalh  and  burial  eTGSS 
CtItU  i  and  Ike  Edgcumiee  ef  the  Oldeti 

Time  351.  H* 
Cotilt,  Jaitph,  fj.  menoir  of  SOB 
CoHiueli'  Feei  and  Ime^tn'  Billi  477 
Coartenay,  Sir  tyuiiam,  aiircilule  uf  448 
Cvrnt  Garden  Markil.  thejtrrt  3S0 
Caviier,  Ike  PatI,  meniDriaTi  al  i 
Crania  Brilanmta  SiSC 
Craven,  mffigiet  ot  Knigbu  Templar  at  2 
Cree,  Jokn,  etq.  RKmuIr  uf  316 
Criekkmtel  Oulte,  anc'iEiit  ciulumt  b«- 

Ior,Ki,.B  10,105 
Crainwetl,  Henry,  |iuKrilt  of  77 
Ctnndele  etmmen,  bnii  leal  fuunJ  at  7I1 
Crauet  in  Breconihirc  507 

of  Irellnd  GSO.  G9I 

Coyrfflu,  iiittrm.liinc  bireaoi  •!  49 
(V.  Jama  Dudilef,  eeq.  mcmair  at  533 
(Vf.  SirJo»ak  D.  ly.  memoir  uf  90 
CaffibBreugk,  lepulchral    lumulua    dil- 

Cumana,  an  esrlbquake  at  399.  3&i 
Canniagkam,  Dr.  J.  fiiit  to  Rome  in 

17)6,  S37 
CunebeliH,  gM  a.in  of  M3 
Dacri,  General  Lord,  memuir  of  87 
Datkouiie,    Jwilraliaa    pattengrr    ikip, 

DanjiieT,  Jnhn  tMclMt,  aq.  mrmair  of  94 
DatuiK  or  DamiK'Ntrvegiun  namei  qf 

plaeee  SSg 
Daveney.  Family  ef  646 
liariet,  Cvm».  J.  memoir  of  641 
Dafltfford  ill  Warceitvtililre,  tale  of  390 
Ii"}l;  UrtfortuneUVH 
Decimal  Coinoft,  RtpoM  on  9T4 
Dcct,  «r.  Itaiak,  memuir  of  G4H 
Defymet,  aticieiit  cullomi  at  ibe  Valley 


131 

De^ty.  Barle/.  UitiRllalloa  M  OtfordfiS 
Derry  and  Rafkot,  Bp.  a/",  meBKilrof  630 
Ttinr;  ArciiB-loKi'-al  SucMy  a(  509 
D'fJtPti,  Sir  5iiMwf>,  diary  of  ^di 
Viti,  Sir  Jlerendtr,  diarj  of  sa? 
DiMtltlian.  EmperoT,  coina  of  171 

(my,  prututy;*  olSliaktpere't  ^  441 
••rer,  cliurch  uf  St.  Mary  Uagda- 

n« 

>  |MW  nee  rtaiiil  400 


DotiglatJJ-Gtii.Stryeil,m»nairot4l8 
Daver,  Are  il  300 

Drinking-vtuel,  lemp.  Hen.  III.  78 
Drury,  Sir  Wiltiam,  punraii  uf  »13 
Dublin,  ErkiMion  ef  IS53,  694 

muteumuFlnihantiquiticiat  910 

Dueie,  Earl  of,  memoir  of  87 
OHeU  ill  the  reign  of  Ellialietb  54 
Dum/riei  Cemetery,  muiiument  in  131 
Dune   Atngui,    remtrlmble    itrongbuld 

of  690 
Duret,  Albert,  cameu  by  lB7 
Dnfkatn,  Anlijailiei  of  147  { 

EaTlacead  (^tnmtm,  Aiyluni   for  tdioCl 

al  H-J  I 

Ecelfiaitiral     Jrtkileelure,    lucceMii* 

E^Ta.  Temple  if  490 

Edgcumbei  q/'lhe  Oldtn  T,me  3^1.  444 

Edinhurgk,  J'llin  Kix.x'i  Houte  at  Gtl 

Edwin,  King  of  Drira,  Ule  of  14 

Bgtrlan  1.  Brunmlrm,  ludenent  301 

Egyptian  Signel-Ting  <^  Geld  77 

Egyplian  Galleriet  al  the  Leuere  It  I 

Bkrentahr*  Perlrail  of  Ckarlet  XII.  60S 

Blizahrlkan  Duelt  hi 

Ellon,  Sir  Ckarlea  Alirakam,  memuir  of 

SS 
Bngrri,  remain!  of  a  Runiiti  bridge  ai  46t 
£>raM,  Medical  BencTolrnt  Culleite  191 
Erdtiwiek,  Sampetm,  acaUriiig  uf  77 
Em»  Arek^ogieal  Se^ety.mtet'mfpitX 

29S,  GI4 
Euer,  Eatlof,  letter  lo  Sir  J.  fiankei  Sti 
Belc*urt,  Tke*.  G.B.  »f.  memoir  uf  314 
Stal  Catlle.  ruini  <il  159 
Etrutan  Temi,  from  Cbiuia  Itr; 
Evelyn.  Jekn,  anecdol*  uf  48B 
ewe'nu  fyaipifaf,  judgment  in  ca»e  of  199 
Exeter  Outnge.  I676.  487  ' 

ExkibiHano/Mihl,  Monument  i>rut»>*e4 

on  ihe  lite  of  606 

al  Dublin  fliO,  694 

at  /Veui  York  998 

FauueU't  ealleetien  tf' Angle.  Sazen  Anli- 

guilia  616 
Fauitell.  Htv.  Godfrey,  D.D.  msmairoT 

644 
Pead.  Cetnm.  W.  F.  memoir  oljli 
Fergunn,  Uajer  P.   Letter  lod  Meroufr 

of  197 
Fermoli,  taeennly  ef  46,  91S 
FetkeritaH.SaGe:Kalpk,  memoir  of  530 
Ffoii-lyll,  to» r  al  49»> 
Fine  Aile  nt  Ittmt  in  1736,  937 
Fillen,  Lieuf.  Mekael.  mrmuir  of  318 
Flandeti    and   HeUand,    Campaignt   if 

1793— 179*.  470 
F:gge,  Sir  Jekn,  Helmet  i.f  395 
fufjltrfaae  Chxrck,  MnnuoKnu  m  434 
Fraine,  Mr.  King  Samuel  9U 
fV-oiuw,  SiattutSueiciy  ITibCrnlury  116 

/iulilMe^,«nnualme(liii|o(605 

rtcovtry  ut  H>tt«ri«al  tWturila  in 

606 


660 


Indeji:  to  Enayt^  SfC^ 


Frmmee,  newt  from  188,  6^3 

Franer  and  Germany,  Medieval  Art  in 

460,  555 
Ffancis  I.  document  with  seAl  of  79 
Fraueniobf  Helnrich^  intrnuiiteiit  of  461 
Frtnek  pruonrrs^  manners  of  33 
Frefrota  and  Adoma^  families  i>f  129 
Frobisher,  Sir  htariin,  arm-chair  of  616 
Gai,  the  term,  in  French  Heraldry  546 
Ctfrcftner,  ir.  Recollect  ions  of  Leiceti  er  28 

Anecdotes  of  T.  Moore  33 

Gatkeirs,  Mrs,  **  Rrntk"  crilicifm  on  22 
Gavelkind,  the  Common  l^w  of  Kent  294 
Geilifaer,  roaeiiliir  or  long  stone  near  499 
Genoa,  civil  strife  in  122 
Gentteman*M  Magazine  fer  1779,  can- 
celled leaves  in  2lB 
George  III.  K  Midland  Town  in  the  reign 

of*:8 
Gerard,  Balthazar,  autograph  confession 

of  485 
Gerard's  Hall,  Crypt  removed  from  77 
Glasgow  Cathedral,  proposed  renovation 

of  400 
Glass  Manufacture  on  the  T\fne  508 
Glems/ordf  gold  coin  of  Cunohelin  fuund 

513 
Glen^  Mrs,  pension  granted  to  G06 
Gloucester,  R.  Agricultural  Society  at  191 
Godmanham  Church,  14 
— -^— —  derivation  of  164 
Godolphin,  ff^lliam,  epitaph  of  138 
Godwin,  Ear!,  memoir  of  181,  266 
Gold  found  in  the  British  Islands  518 
Goodrich  Castle,  iron  collar  found  near  79 
Goodwood  House  185 
Granger  s  Riog,  History  of  England  597 
Grantham,   proposed   statue    of    Sir   I. 

Neviton  at  68 
Graves,  Robert  James,  M.D,  memoir  of 

202 
Gray,  Correspondence  with  Mason  588 
Great orex  family  31 
Gregory,  A.  F.  esq,  mi'inoir  of  93 
Grenvillc  Correspondence  2 1 9 
Guilds,  Religious,  Seals  o/lB3 
Gundulph  and  other  Rochester  founders 

290 
Gustavus  Adolphus,  British  officers  of  599 
Habingdon's  History  of  Worcestershire  2 
Hague,  English  Church  at  the  546 
Halifax,    extracts    from     the    Register 

Books  165 
Halnnker  House,  ruins  of  185 
Hamilton,  Sir  Frederick,  memoir  of  529 
Hanover,  King  f^nd  Queen  of,  visit  to 

England  82.  190 
Harcourt,  Clutncellor,  augmentation  of 

heneficrs  by  400 
Httrmer,  James,  esq,  memoir  of  201 
Hartihnm  Hill,  Saxon  burial  place  at  514, 

617 
Hanild,  Robert,  esq,  memoir  of  320 
Harrod^s  Norfolk  Gleanings  485 
Hanrieh,  oak  carving  at  514 


Harwich,  coins  found  at  S14 
Hastings,  ff^arrtn^  sale  of  DaylesfordSSl 
Hawker,  Lt.-Coi.  Peter ^  meiDoir  of  3U 
Hawtrey,  Dr,  sale  of  Library  of  172 
Hayley,  early  poenis  of«  at  Cbicbetter  lir 
Hay  don,  Be^j.  Rob.  character  of  140 
pictures  at  tbe  Exlu 

bition  143 
Hecatomnus,  King  of  Cdsia,  coini  of  M 
Hedisigham  Castle,  eacaratioos  at  29S 
—————  oak  bedsfead  at  296 
Heidelberg  Casile,  ruin  of  46S 
Heppington,  Faussett  collection  at  6lG 
Herefordshire,  floods  in  191 
'  excavm«ions  in  St.Margi' 

ret's  Park  387 

British,  Roman,  and  Saxoi 


501 


Roman  roads  Ih  502 


Henry  II.  coin  of,  found  at  Harwich  51^ 
Henry  III.  drinkinfi:  vessel  temp,  of  76 
Heydon,  Wiiliam,  MS.  written  by  54 
Heydon  with  One  Hasui  54 
Hogarth* t  picture  of  the  Aaeetuiam  275 
Holies,  Dtmel,  letter  of,  to  Sir  J.  Banke 

362 
Holy  rood  Palace,  open  to  the  public  27; 
Hope,  Sir  John,  M.P,  memoir  of  90 
Hopkins,  Rev,  John  Oliver,  memoir  of  31! 
Hoppner*s  portrait  of  Mr.  Pitt  275 
Housesteads  (Borcovicus),  excavations  a 

391 

— — Castellum,  description  of  61' 

Howard,  Lord,  and  Sir ff^alter Raleigh  44 
Hungary,  recovery  of  (he  lost  regalia 391 
Huntly,  Marquess  of,  memoir  of  198 
Hurstperpoint  College,  opening  of  82 
Iconoclastic  Period  qfthe  Church  227 
Iconodasti,  comparison    between    Greel 

and  English  23G 
Idiots,  Jsyium  for,  founded  82,  1 79 
Ightham,  Moat  House  at  291 
Imperiale,  ^t^itor, conversations  on  tbi 

fine  arts  '239 
Income  Tax  Act,  New  191 
India,  railway  from  Bombay  to  Tannal 

opened  82 

news  from  189,  299 

Ireland,  visit  of  Her  Majesty  to  399 

Irene,  character  of  231 

Irish  Antiquities,  museum  of  620 

Irish  Industrial  Exhibition  closed  624 

IronCollar,  found  near  Goodrich  castle  79 

Isle  of  Islay,  sale  of  399 

Iturbide,  despotism  of  547 

Ives,  John,  tbe  antiquary,  letter  by  295 

Jablonski,  Leon,  memoir  of  r34 

Jamaica,  news  from  81>  ji^ 

Japan,  American  expC^HHIfei^lS 

Jejeebhoy,  Sir  Jams 

Jefifevs,Lord  Chant  B 

J  loshua 


Index  to  Euayi,i[C. 


Knmnre,  Rart  af,  mciouit  of  630 
/fniMbe  Miicieiil  Hi.uttf  of  JUO 
KiU,  Earli  tf,  0«  ih*  395 
Kmlurell  Hall,  Kn-cteil  by  Tlic.  Cli>|it.>ii 

ei().  513 
KilkraiUf  Arcbtalagieal  Sacielf,  u 

atai 
KiHgiAatm,     neai'     Cloueeiltt, 


Maclttd.  Ll.-Gitt.  SirChaetti,  idcdi.oI 
Maidtti  ffaji,  surTr;  i>r  ihe  SUB 
MaiAitne,    All    Salnlt    Churek,    ntcu- 

Malehv  tkt  CapUft  Monk  314 

Mafjrw,  Sir  tttginald,  «e[iu1i'l>nl  cfflglei 

ill);     Jfa/ivrn  Privry,  Bp.  Laitmcr'a  Letipr  in 


lioii  lUU 
Kaifhti  Tmptar,  tWiant  of  ! 
KmU,  Mr.  Joha,  of  St.  lea  1.19,  481 
Kuiur,  John,  houie  at  EdInLiurgb  lie 
Laeon,  Jtlin  M.etq.  memoir  ur4I9 
Lambtlh  CliMTch.  »11or«iiun>  al  4B,  IOC 
Laliftultr,  Heta-g  Earl  »/,  kkI  <iI  79 

Lane,  Hunter,  M.D.  nurmuir  uf -190 
Langporl,  xiiP.  Uoneborlli,  btlile  ur  SI3 
iMKgtm,  Biikop,  tamb  of  SidS 
Lalimtt't.By.lttteritifaiHmrofMalwm 

Priori/  3aj 
LaMgktm  Twer,  ■nil  Ih.'  Ptlham  Buckle 

Lawym'  BiU»3' 

Liadhiibi 

Ltgat  Counitl,  llitlarical  Xvleten  37 

lAGrlet,  C.  V.  connrliu  Wsnlioorili  S78 

Leienter,  une  and  niBiinfri  uf,  in   (lii! 

rei|ii  uf  G'^oree  III.  Sa 
Lrietelniliirr,  Immigration  of  the  Sean- 

JiiurinHi  tula  hiid 
Uigiold.H.R.H.Prince,<!\innttt\\i4ai\9a 
Liptr  Hotuet  ^Kent,  On  Ike  !94 
Letpet,  knight  on   horicbick  in  patlrrjr, 

found  «t  78 
Lill;  anoiiip  al  die  Uulrl  Ac  Ville  S(M 
j:,r7/efraiinr,Ranliiiruiiit  (llicuvrred  a(27(i 
LineolH,  Lrontc  liUuU  Itom  79 

Cn/ Arifra/^cu 1 1) I II reit  llgurei  nt  79 

Lianmrn  Steiety,  aiiiliveriirj  ol  64 
£.i>(ii»,  i/iutti*,  Diaiiumeiii  lu  ITt 
LUerarg  Pmeieni  398,  484 
Liitriiitl,  Dcw  Gniliie  buililinjc  lor  Ihe 

Romin  Catholic  Inililule  40U 
—— ^^—    /We   Library,   duiiAiioni   lu 

484,  60S 
Uaniedtr,  coini  l'>ni>d  at  79 
Llon.y-iMrn  ChurrA,  |>aii>liiiK  *t  499 
XanrfMtoraiif A,  H<ann  Rutdi  near  169, 


•(3H3 

ffaHrri./atHilyoflbl 
MtnaUin  Meute,  Louden,  Coiivcr»itii-iii 

ufUrd  Miyorm  109 
lUaplnlead  CliMreh  3SB 
lUaration,  iriJItiuns  of  ihe  town  dI  1.19 
Mritm,  yice-jtdm.  Sir  Fmt.  mim.  uf  91 
Matenand  Cray.  Leitvrt  af  h^H 
Maiir'xe,   Projrtxtr,   ilicmixal   of  IrL'in 

Kingv  Collcec  ma 
Maieim,  Dr.  Matlhiai  I'll 
Mrutimian,  Emperor,  toii.i  of  171 
Maymce  Cathedral,  ■rctiiiciMure  i<f  -IGl 
lUagfitld  Palan,  itattex.  re.n«ini  u[  531 
Malical  Benevolent  College,   fi>iiiidBtioii 

liid  ISO 
Mtdieral  Art  in  France  and  Germany 

AGO,  as 

Metre,  Jehn,    |)«iitian   againil  Sir   W. 

R^IclRh  437 
Melfiird,  Romin  reticlt  fauiiil  at  51.1 
Melfatxt  Ckurek,  Clsptoii  cliapvl  at  5l3 
Mebiln,  Dr.  Jamte,  tnsmuif  of  318 
Mertk^r  TydfU.  adliquiiiei  uf  4D9 
MttrBpolilan  Imprevttntntt  'j\6 
liexiet,  panur.tini  of  17  1 

licMoritnda  on  HI 

Siieliela-Hgelo,  icrir*  uf  plant,  etrvatlonit 

and  Geciiuiii  by,  n(  ili«  muieuin,  Lill« 

6D4 
Micililk»nit,  Sir  S.  11.  P.  meiiiolr  01531 
Midland    Otieroatary   at    Noitingliam, 

yti'Ottnei  4S4 
Miller.  Pkilip.  munuuKnt  lo  S18 
Mtlo  of  OlaueeileT,  (fkI  of  HO 
Minei  rfMendip  and  Sir  Bevi$  Bnlmer  55 
^/iiuWci.tari'Ophaguitlilcovcrcil  iiiihc76 
MinUer.  Noruiaii  liuBic  al  S9U 
Mileal/i,  Henry,  etj.  mrmiiir  of  9J 
Mompeuon,  Sir  Qilet,  print  of  ^S 
Monro,  Cot.  li«berl,  aoecdata  of  599 
Monte  Video,  rcvululion  at  693 
itfeeUeivma,  at  dioiicr  459 

Monlhalon,  General,  nKinuir  of  61T 
Moorfi  Lalla  tloeik  5  )  ran  duet  ■(  ■  luD 
T  1  aneedut«  uf  33  ;  Utier  to  V/.  Gtr- 


Jute,  inproxmcni'i  In  513 

Moore,  Mr.  Jokn,  DiFmoir  xf  4S4 

mgUpmrerMy  College.  pfe»i 

1..575 

Morlaie  Outle.  built  <n  1991,  SCO 

^^■Wtr.  Madame  de.  cliir.ici« 

uMI6 

Mount  Sinai.  Tablr.  friim  183 

^^Br.  U  dinner  4^6 

Munith,  Count,  letter  of  133 

^HfiHnp(,jrter.>aicoiibe 

i.turM 

Muniek,  uper.ii>K  of  th«  Pinakolbek  SOS 
Nanry,  lo-ii  of  55ti 

^^B            -...IDCm^ir.fll 

\apier,  Lt.-Gen.  Sir  C.J.  mtmoirof  410 

^^H                      ol  S18 

Naplei.mmtUamilG 

^m      „..,..., 

of  644 

^!fi»u.jn.^»/,(nlriBue.of  ISJ 

662 


Index  to  Euayty  ^c. 


Napoleon  Relics,  tale  of  172 
NaiioMai  Gallery,   Report  of  the  Com- 
mittee 374 

■  re-opened  604 
Nojcoi-Tauromimum^   Greek  coins  dif- 

covered  at  376 
Neath  and  Lougkor,  Roman  camps  be- 
tween 499 
NebbiYuHutt  broiiie  lion  ditcoYf red  at  63 
Nelton,  Lord,  Ruyal  descent  of  381 
Newcastle,  GUsswurks  at  508 

Cholera  at  517 

Newc€utle  Socieip  of  Jntiguariet,  meet- 
ings of  id8,  396,  508,617 
NewcaMtle^uyon-Tjfne,  historical  memoir 

of  396 
Newton,  Sir  liaac,  proposed  statue  of  68 
New  York,  ExhidUion  at,  opened  398 
Nicholas,  Grand  Duke,  and  Haydoii  144 
Nickolls,  Mr.  John,  editor  of  Milton'a 

State  Papers  365 
NicoUs,  Mrs,  memoir  of  643 
Norman  Font  at  Godmanham  Church  17 
Norman,  Lady  Elizabeth,  memoir  of  631 
North  America,   cullection  of  weapons 

from  79 
Northampton  /Architectural Society,  meet- 
ing of  619 
Northamptonshire  Churches,  restoration 

of  619 
Northern  Topographers  147 
Northumberland,  Earl  of,  letter  to  Sir  J. 

Baiik<>s  361 
North-west  Pauage,  discovered  483 
Nottingham  Exchange,  opened  300 

■  proposed  observatory  at  484 
Norwich,  Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity  at 

163 
Novelists,  Lady,  of  Great  Britain  18 
Numismatic  Society,  meetings  80,  170 
Nursted  Court,  hall  at  393 
Oakham  Castle,  hall  at  393 
Oberwinter,  inscription  at  556 
0*Connell,  Ataufice,  esq.  memoir  of  301 
Qffa's  Dyke,  description  of  502 
Old  Sarum,  description  of  579 
Onslow,  Capt,  Sir  Henry,  memoir  of  530 
Oswald,  James^  esq.  memoir  of  300 
Oundle,  Roman  urns  found  at  79 
Ojford   University,    installation   of   the 
Chancellor  65 

• Prizes  170 

■  deputy-reader  in  geo- 

logy 484 
Oxfordshire  (North)   Archetological  So- 
ciety 330 
Paleography,  0»  513 
Palimpsest  Brcus,  at  Rochester  395 
Panama,  Roman  coins  found  near  171 
Panorama  of  the  City  of  Mexico  17  1 
Paris,  restoraMon  of  tower  of  St.  J 

391 
-^—  Churches  ofSbl 

Egyptian  galleries  of  tl 

171 


Parish  Girl,  The  (a  poem)  443 
Parliament,  session  of,  closed  301 
Patenu  of  Concealments,  defined  58 
Paulet,  The  Statute  e^S18 
Pautinus  and  Kiatg  Edwin  15 
PauHmus,  narrative  of  the  Amckmi  U^ 

riner  37 1 
Peel,  Sir  Robert^  Gibson's  statue  of  390 
Pendarves,Edw,fFlW,e9q.  ineaioirof417 
Pensions,  charged  on  the  Civil  List  170 
Persia,  an  earthquake  in  I89 
Pevensey  Castle  Ckapei  186 
Philip  II.  and  Antonio  Perez  S6S 
Phipps,  the  family  of  481 
Pigott,  J.  U,  P,  esq,  memoir  of  315 
Pinakothek,  at  Muniek,  opening  of  603 
Put,  WiUiam,  letter  to   Uake  of  New- 
castle 331 

■ Hoppner's  portrait  of  373 

Plate,  River,  free  navigation  of  516 
Plunder,  introduction  of  the  word  318 
Potden  Hills,  situation  of  the  513 
Political  Caricature,  temp.  Charles  L  23 
Ponsonby,  Dr.  Bp.  of  Derry  and  Rapboe, 

memoir  of  630 
Porta  Rica,  gold  discovered  at  6iS 
Portheawl,  Tudor  gateway  at  498 
Portraits,  English  enff raved  I7S,597,616 
Portsmouth,  Earl  of,  memoir  of  307 
Portugal,  death  of  the  Queen  633 
Postling  Church,  dedication  stone  at  295 
Postmen,  temp.  Charles  /.  49 
Post  Office,  early  history  of  153 
Poulter,  memorial  window   to  family  of 

170 
Proclamations,  collection  of  77»  6 16 
Procter,  Rev.  ff^Uiam,  death  of  SI 8 
Prospero,  The,  of  the  Tempest  128 
Pruth,  Passage  of  the  153 
Public  Records,  Report  on  the  Literary 

use  of  374 
Quenington  Church,  Norman  door-ways 

at  79 
Raffnelle,  statue  by,  in  Ireland  IO6 
Railway  accident  near  Straffan  517 
Raleigh,  Sir  ff^atter,  execution  of  77 
-^— — —  at  Sherborne  435 
Rambouillet,  Marchioness  <fe  1 1 8 
Ray  Society,  annual  meeting  of  390 
Records,  Public,  literary  use  of  274 
Reculver,  historical  associations  of  295 
Redgiave  Church,  stained  glass  window 

in  575 
Reid's,  Dr.  claim  for  ventilation  of  the 

Houses  of  Parliament  171 
Reig    Chapel,    Monmouthshire,     silver 

chalice  frotn^^M^^^^ 
Relics,  S'oiMf  JHJjj^HBlL     .    . 
Riccaltoun  ''»'»pf368 

Richard  0  t 


Index  io  Etiayt,  ^c. 


JUcktiltr  Bridge,  deicription  of  798 

> Cnlludral,  ArehiUelurt  ■/'  9i 

..ndilffoauden'iSO 

Crvtm  Ihh  !91 

Shod  vemettry  on  Sur  H 


Pallmpted  b 

Rpg-n,.  Mr.  I'hdip  H.  mtro..! 
Ratlin,  Mam.  CAailei  tauiii,  i 


>t  S9S 


Seaiti,  Michatl,  er/.  oienoir  of  046 
Sam^naBiait   immlgratiaK  M»   Ijiett-  J 

ttrihirt  i69 
SealcMrrd,  IVtrrimi   C,  tiq,  mcmaiT 

Srhmaie,  iSaf'i, «g.  incnioir ofSIft 
Seitnlffic  hmtniri !]  5 
Seolllih  Ftmilin  tn  Su)cdm  599 
Scotland,   niicitni  MJiiiilkrd  wriglili  and 

airiEurri  or  at) 

. Charim  a/  Iht  Kingii  of  I  i9 

Stafietd,  Earl  ijf,  memuir  uF  .tug 
Seajtrd,  HiMoty  iind  Aii(ii|uitlMof  987 
SMJ>,af  Sh«riff  of  Brdtord  ai>d  Buckliif.   j 

"-       ----,7G:  ofSanipKinErdeiwick   f 


Coleh 


■r  514  ;  i 


Aeaitmji  nf  Arehaahg]/ 

Flnt  jtrli  at,  in  1736,  <i 

Ramnry  lUarih,  On  S9E 
Rotemaiy  Branch,   Circu)   tiun 


RotAen-ilU  Nob  Chureh,  c 

Regel  Fatniip,  alUckrd  by 

AcynJ  Batirlg,  elrEliun  of  FrnoHi  68 

Aiuna.tieiDirrain  ISBi  «!ir  wilhTurk*j 

IRH.  397,  &I6,  Git 
Rtilkvtn,  Uri,  mtmait  of  308 
SacTtd  Stripttira,  at*  nnloni  0(484 
Si.  Criat  Hoipilat,  ]ud(m*iit  on  999 
Si.  Hitairi.  jt.  memoir  ol  639 
at.    Hilary  Ckmxit,  Carmnpll,   drilruc. 


Seconds 

Selty  etate,  ■ 

Sepalcliral  rffigia  at  lAIIlt  B 

Shaiijiert't  Ttxt,  A'tlei  «i  V5i 

l>t>eb«rr)',  prutDl}|>e  a(>  441 

Siaittil/.  micienl  rii>|;M]iiil  round  81  ' 

SHam.  H'illiam,  eig,  nifmnir  of  411 
Shertome,  Sir  Waller  Raleiglt  at  43S 
Shtr/ard,  Ji'tfh,  aiiecdole  ul  139 
Shirat,  deilrujed  h;  in  carlbquike  398 
Shirbtttm,  Uitliop,  >l*liKiitr  ii'Uib  ul  £89 
derated  8J     Shoreham  Chwrch,  ■rcbiteclute  ol  134, 


186 

Shrvpikire,  »nlir|uilif' 
Silver,  Rev.  Thomae, 
Six,  TktArumberiTl 


Shillt,  liim 


I  for 


4>l  113 


rch  Un 


iriptb 


•  found  I 


Mlii  ntm 


uiided  605 
St.  Jamti't  Pari,  citrly  lUIc  iil&3 
St.  Jehu.  J.  A,  TwrinStaTcha/Beautv. 

St.  MatgarU'i  Pttrk,  Uirrfirrdekir;  eni- 

cirorm  mound  lu  387 
St.  Mark,  MS.  of  llic  Gu'pcl  u(  \WS 
St.  PaineV,itU6i\ 
81.  Riekard tfCiftnctiltr  ISA.  2^8 
Sale,  Lady,  Diciauir  ul  417 
Safutviy,  (uBn  •tid  calhtdral  u(  338 

5()fM  Harint  Plate  near  GI4 

Sollotin.Utyiir  Gm.Li7rd.ntrmf>taf*Q& 
Ur.    NatAaHUI,   ■  Quak«r   *lr- 


rir  or  ^6 


Smith,  Rer.  WUIiavi,  of  Mtlioiiby,  me- 
moir ul  163 
Smilh,  CMllIng  C.  eiq.  intinuir  of  93 
Smithjield  New  JUartH,  furm«tlan  oOOl 
Sitipna,  next  from  188 
Stmglh,  Sir  Jehn  mid  Sir  Hugh  330 
SmglK.  Uri.  Flormee,  memoir  nl  314. 33U 

Roger,  J.  Mf.  memoir  cf  643 

Swgth-PigolltJthnhugk.Hq.faetDoit'ilh 
Bomerultkire  4rtkrelegitalSoclttf,  mtti,- 

ineolSlS 
Sometvillt,  Ur.  Jlrje.  irUuUj  to69 
^mpling   Church,   aroliilfcluri  of  I3>i 

WV,  461 
Spain,  nr*t  from  HB,  Bii 
i^nitk  Gallery  a/  Pielnrtt,  t«l>  of  66 
S^ilkrad,  rr>i«w  ol  iIif  Fl«rt  HI  :)00 
Spralt,  Cbmn.  Jawn,  meniotr iilSII 
SItifferd.  Family  nf.  Uuke  ot  Wellli.g- 

i..n's  doom  rram  379,  E9S 
Slanfrrd,  rauli   uf  llic  Ctipham    r*in>ly 


..<)>  di« 


1  384 


SlanffiHi  Bridge,  biliie  of  Vi 
Slandiih  Collrry  qf  Pictnrn.  lali  > 
State  Pnper,  ./  Benry  Vlll.  t4 1 
Stryning  thurck,  iircblipi.-iiini  ol  I 
Stonekeng;  clyinology  ol  4  b 

dncclpilon  of  339 

Stene$,  inetribei,  in  Bicnmihirc  &< 
mirriaEe  of  82     Bir^ntt  f*tal  lailwaji  aeddiiit  dc 


Slnuiarg  Cnlhedrol,  ECulflurp^ 
Stricklana,  Hugh  Edwin,  uiemc 
Stroud,     TtmpU     ~ 


■•  Etunx 


nasi 


u(  531 


ifisl-gruunj  M-29i 
SlrulAm,  Mr.  JaAn,  nieniuif  of  31B 
SlUBTl,  Hm.  Sir  Jama,  i 
Stukllry,  Dr.  /f^tlifm,  e, 

MS,  iJ.iriFS  of  77.  59G 
Sudley  ChuTcli,  detecriili'iii  ul  2i6 
Suffield,  Lord,  meniDir  vf  536 
8ijffi>a  InttHule  af  ylrehitoUgu,  mecliog 

uf  513 
Sugar  tnamifaebtTedfrom  Btcl-rool  51 
Butlivaa,  Robert  B.  eta.  memoir  uf  SOS 
Sluiex //rck^otogieal Sixiely, mtetioi:  IGs 
£(MMx,E'irlyCliuit'h  Arcbiiccture  or  1 39, 

135,  9SB 
Sweden,  ScDiihh  Fnioiliri  in  5!>g 
SwUzerland,  iitwi  frora  b\6 
Sydeiiham,CTg1ai Palace,  nrcMtM  it  300 
Tiidcailer,  itic  uf  Romii.  C>l»ria  [3 
Talgarlh,  niund  towir  al  498 
Tapalry  al  Coteti  35S 
Tawtug,  Choflei,  etq.  memair  of  95,  lOG 
Tayhr,  Mr.  Jiffcryi.  metnnir  .it  421 
Thebew,Ta\  aik  ufivcitDorc  woud  rrom  163 

TAoffltirn,  Jamn,  mcmuriilt  of  364 
Tieck,  iMdurig,  nii^niuir  of  96 
TVyiofA  filaer  I.  Ibe  bullclini  of  6-1 
TiilUim.  mUiaim.  MS.  <,r39e 
Titian,  MetuiBielU  10,  M  Venice  6H6 
T^Anf  q/'fAv  5«vitMnuA  Ctnlury,  Cnla- 

lDK>IEuf4iiS 

TenbriJge  Sckael,  Terccntcnar}  of  27  5 
ToHgalabta,    meiiunient    of   coral-ruck 

a.iJ  l«rr««  found  m  71 
7'o/'r>jr«^A*r»,  TAe  Nartheni  141 
T'rmXa  CaUege,  Dr.  BuriiMdc'tgirt  la  &» 
Tbwri.  Rumiiii  drcui  <li*ci>Terri1  m  391 
rwiuAraif,  Lord  Charlei  V.  F.  meiiiuir 

Trecailh,    Mmnlain,    Druid kal   cif«lr( 

■lid  Riimin  cnnp  on  &0U 
TV'vannisn  und  .$ir  ftiehari  BJgeitiitie 

4-IU 
Trtvet,  ifwar-brKd  found  in  m  grure  nt  76 
IVoyu.  painted  gliM  at  55T 
TUJkA,  £«•>,  etg.  miimoir  of  95 
nirtiy,  nfo*  Irum  SI  ;  ^tt  Miib  Rutiia 

498,397,  516,  C!J 
Tunur,  sale  of  picium  of  09 
Tmiidt*.  rap/.  JoAfliuiFiDuirof  311 
Vrndermod,  Mr.  Jamtt,  diiireii  of  6a 
United  Stutt;  Mm  UuathXe 
falide  Sullanii,  memoir  uf  (be  197 


H'alel,  Prince  of.  illiieii  of  \»t 
Walet,PriiiCc  of,  t^n\  public  ()>errl(  otJifS 
Wttlei,  Ruman  encattipme'litt  is  501 
WtU,CkaTitM  Baring,  ttq.  iiicfu«ir  oTMJ 
^arffr,Tillageor,deri*alion  tif  ttie  ■■«« 
3i)9 


H'ellinsle^,  Dukt  «/,  Roj-al 

£B1,3]!),  595 
Ifemyu  atid  ManM,   Emrt  rf. 


Weilmimler  Aibey,  ■ 


intcrir. 
r  Robcri 


I'utt  Cuwpefi 
Iflutdle.  antii|iii(r  of  Ihe  word  4SS 
Wkelkam.Myor-  Cn.JiAa,  larinofr  af  9S 
TrA<>rpiiijr  Tomi  ml  Lei<teiter  3S,  &16 
WUIcehapel,  improvrmeol  uf  191 
n-kUe  HuTie  (f  Siuimy  and  BrumMfttt 

■I6T,  Ei4e 
WMlierU,   human   ikcleluni   diicovirml 

aiSTO 
Wiibraluini,  Mr.  Handle,  ihuarlcr  «f  IOC 
Wilkit't/tifndihipfiir  UagJatt  I4J 
WiUiata  I.  ea\n  ol,  found  at  llarKtek  SI4 
H^tlliUri  jirehatttfiial  Saeirty.  tiMMa- 

f  aled  50S 

Ctxrclo  511 

ColltelifM  of  jlntijnitirt  68,  &10 

groliTTofSII 

ITi'ncAMfrr  Cailudral,  obituary  «ia 

ill  170 


Tcnrn 


n  GUO 


Verena  and  Padua,  lialian  art  at  490 
ftmlam,  liip  of.  rc->old  6l)5 
Flrf«ria,  Quitn,  viiiia  camp  at  Cbobbani 
821  reviewi  ihe  «ar-tlrei  ai  Spithrad 
3UU;  Tiilt  to  Irflainl  :t99 
f^rluoH  e/lkf  Eifktetnlh  Centurp  164 
,    yf,t,iaajor-am.  H.IF.H.  memoir  vtiOO 


mdtey  and  Henry  rill.  lUT 
lyomen,  Proteclitn  af,  E**ay  an  lb*  M 
ffiKUer,  Thoi.  JantUlum,  nttUulr  of  UI 
H'm«./*«*.vr.Hal.in(;ion'i  MUtwry  al< 
Ifoidnctrtli,  bonn*ii  b)  143 

Smwrf  to  lit  Poel  UZ 

Jfrawiki,  Haemi,  mttnua  uf  «t\ 
IFyat,  Sir  T^nni,  klter  of  94S 
R'jraK,  Mr.  L.  W.  memuir  cf  8 
YeoiiU,  flieoine  "f   "1"*   SomcfMnhln 

Areh«olus>cRl  Sucicijr  at  5tS 
Verk  If  Godumnkam,  Ridt/mm  1 1 
Vark  PiUtiepMcU  Boeirty,  lUuanM  ml  It 
r»'i>Ati-c,  niigR»n<atiun<'f  I 


INDEX  TO  BOOKS  REVIEWED. 


Merman,  J.  Y.  Wi'Uliirc  Tnlfi  75 
jtHHunli  and  PirtMmiatl  ^iS 
Afpaiiiitia  et  Ptrtittenlir  378 
ArrAileplural  Soeitliei  ef  Narlhampltn, 

Yerk,tAiti!oln,atidBedfi>Td,Rtptrlti;i 
^riiMle.  Tranilalian  d/74 
Autlralia,  Aifeeat'im  tn  498 
*■».  Tht  lluek  a/  tht  IttO 
UankeiMtH,  G,  Siorjr  oS  Cnrfe  Ciiilr  35B 
Barlaa,  T.  IV.  Clinhiri!   Hiciurieil  iiiJ 

Utrrmy  Aiiucialioix  491 

-  Clieihlrc  and  LaiirMbire 


Hill 


?\  Colli! 


ir431 


Balk  anil  WelU.  Bp.  ef,  Leiltr  ts  Ik*  397 
Bntbuni,  Dr.  Henry,  Mtnmin  efm 
SmsHl,  IjirtHta,  Autubiuti'iph]'  of  J]5 
BleieiU,  0.  UinilbDok  furSuulIirni  luly 

Brag,  Mr:  P»]i  il  llie  Fii»(  61 A 
Bulah  Birdi  i^% 

(iuadruptdt  178 

BueJtItf.  T.  A.  Great  (.itici  a(  llic  Mlililla 

Ace.  J94 
Barie.Spnciuand  WrUifgi  a/ SW 
Bum,  J.  H.  Landun  Tridrra'  Tokci.i  4BS 
itiuA,  flre.  R.  W.  EnRlind'*  Two  G<«t 

Milliary  Ca{iliiii.i  3BT 
Cah>trl,Gi!ii.SirHarij/,JmmiilBfCkm. 

raigni  «/  ITD3-1'95  ni  F/andtri  a»d 

fleHand  470 
Ceniutt/lSil,  GIS 
Calhedratt,  Pita  far  the  397 
CAalmtrt,  T.  Beltttimu  from  Crrttipond- 

™cr./(,9 
CMarilaUe  Thuti  Art,  Arpeal  fur  !9t 
CkaltlaiK,  Chev.  dt,  ?Mn  de  Giy  IHU 
Cheikiie,  Hnloritat  and  Lilerarg  Alio- 


Dielimary  iff  the  Farm  $84 
Dad,  C.  B.  Elcciunl  Kxti  75 
Iloktrly,  Lad/,,  l'>l<.-<  bv  (!16 
DaHCailcr,  Hillary  iflht  Bmmd  ChMttk 

of  St.  Mary  Magdatent  al  174 
Dauglat.  J.  Situclurc  .if  i^phecy  179 

Hume  «iid  Mayxoulli  397 

D»lli»  Cletsy.  Aildrm  lu  395 

Eailtm  QaeUim  397 

Egypt  ShK 

Eletlarat  FaeU/raai  1612  ta  I8&3,  75 

£ni/y  CTrry  49S 

England.  Hillary  af,  by  M.li.er  497 

CAurcA  Hultry  In.by  MniilncKU 

England'!  Tula  Great  Military  Captaim 

397 
ElyniBlogical Campendium  ^0 
Futm.  Dxclionary  a/lhe  if  " 
Fttiee,  Hiitury  ul  Pr»tei>ii 


I  491 


Ckethirt  and  taHcaskire  Ilitlviicai  Cal- 

iKlcr  49 1 
Ckahira,  E.   Re«'1<i  of  iht  Ccniut  of 

Gr»i  Briiaiii  IHSI,  G19 
Chrufian  laeame  and  tirpettdHurt  407 
CArMi'c  J-kutam  493 
Chtr€\,af  E»alaiid/iMaded  an  Seripfure 

177 

Eiponrian  397 

GaKrmwriir.  Prinripin  qf  4tG 

J/iini:,  Prolailani  The^y  of  397 

Hulary  in  England  49^ 

Coin  Calltclar'i  ^nnua(395 

Omi'srufi'vn  337 

rovilii,  K.  Madame  de  Loiigueville  116 

Crnnfai'l  493 

IWIint  and  Idiafi,  liuliluliani  far  179 

OaJy,  Rff.  />r.  C.  Srrmon  im  llie  Cliurcb 

ol  Eiii-laiid  tuun'Ird  oii  Scripiure  117 
DaiHel,  Prafkelie  Vinoni  of  Ike  Botk  of 


491 
Am  I^avft  fraM  Fanity't  Parlfalia  49a 
Framlingfiam.  etraHger't  CMidt  la  386 
Frenek,  C.  H.  Ruyal  Detniit  at  NtlMI) 

■  »d  Wel1i.ie<un3ISt 
Gardiner,  W.  Mu«i«  anil  Frieridi  !0 
Gatkcti,  M„.  Cranf„rJ  <9J 

R-ll.  99 

Gay.  Fabta  de.  iratiilatcd  by  CUaleitiii 

181) 
Cifford,  Iiabella,  Tbe  Marine  Bulaultt 


Grenrillt  ferretpandmee  SI9 
GriofielJ,  E.  W.  Tut  Jttuitt  396 
Handbook  for    Travelleri    In    SaUktm 

Jiatg  9B5 
Hanna,  W.  Srietiioiia  froni  the  Corn- 

•tK>r>denc«  of  Tho.  Chalmen  69 
Hayrlkome.  N.  TjnelcnnaU  Talet  493 
HaydiM,Benj.Rab.Aulabiagrapky^\*0 
Hendmaa,  Dr.  ir.  lloniiBopathy  f*lrlr 

teftrtei.uA  398 
Henry  VHI.  Statt  Paperi  qf  Ik*  HHgn 

o/\OT,-H\ 
Hill.  G.  Manual  fur  Godf*tbet*aodC(Kl- 

iDulben  76 
Hamirapalky  fairly  reprettnled  396 
HtTQce,  Tke  Odtt  af,  iriHilaled  1 1 
Homer,    L.    and  J.    B.   I'raoilalion    of 

Lep>iu>'(  Lelleri  from  Egypt  488 
Himr  efth*  Redeemer  SH7 
Human  \alure.  An  Jnqnrrg  iul*  3S7 
H»mpk.ey,.    H.     N.     Cm,    CulledLr'i 

Mxiual  395 
Hymn,  for  Invalid!  497 
IJiMi  and  CrtUna.  lutlUvliM  far  179 
hcone  Tat  TaLlt$  616 
IndHtlrial  SekacU,  Hinli  an  \«0 

4a 


666 


Index  to  Books  RtvUwed. 


Itabel;  &r,  Infiuenet  497 

Italy,  Southern,  Handbook  for  S8& 

Jackson,    Rev,   J.    E.    History   of    the 

Ruined  Cburch  of  Sr.  Mary  Magda- 

lene,  Donratter  174 
Jehb,  Rev,  «/.  Plea  fur  the  Cathedrals 

897 
Jetuitt,  The,  an  Huttricmi  Sketch  396 
JeweVs  jtpotogy  of  Ch.  of  England  496 
Jews,  Chronological  and  Numerical  5y«- 

temel6 
Johfuon,  Jf^,  PofOis  and  Memoir  of  E. 

^uilinan  69 
Jonet,   Rer.   //.  B.  Adventures  in  Au- 

•tralia  498 
Kep  to  the  Mystery  179 
KshitUavansAvaiicharitam  S83 
Jjaertiuty  I).  Translation  of  49J 
Landor,  fV.  8,  Last  Fruit  of  an  Old  Tree 

615 
Lepsiui,    Dr,    R,    Letters  from   Egypt, 

Ethiopia,  and  Sinai  488 
Leuom  in  Proverbt  494 
Letter  to  the  Earl  of  Derby  397 
Lindeay,  J.  History  and  Coinage  of  the 

Parthians  173 
Longueville,  Madame  de  l\6 
London    Traders*    Tokens,    Deteripiwe 

Catalogue  of  AUS 
Macvicar,  Dr,  J,  G,  Inquiry  into  Human 

Nature  397 
Manual  for  God/athert  and  Godmothera 

76 
Marine  Botanist  286 
Afartineau,  Rev.  A,  Cburch  Histury  in 

RnRland  495 
Mason  and  Gray's  Correspondence  588 
Maye^',  /i.  Historical  Account  of  Mexico 

from  the  Invasion  of  the  Spaniards  547 
Mexico,  Historical  Account  ofb41 
Middle  Ages,  Great  Cities  of  the  394 
Milner,  Rev.  T.  History  of  England  497 
Missionary  College  in  British  America, 

Proposal  for  498 
Mitford,  Rev,  J,  Mason  and  Gray's  Cor- 
respondence 588 
Montgomery,  Rev,  /2.  Speeches,  &c.  of 

Burke  286 
Ifisore,  Life  qf  Thomas  3 
Most  Holy  Trinity  397 
AfiMfV;  aii<f  Friends  28 
Nelson,  Royal  Descents  of  28 1 
A^nrman, K  ^Translation  of  Horace  7 1 
Nicolay,  Rev,  C,  G,  Proposal  for  a  Mis- 
sionary College  498^ 
North  Durham,  History  of  147 
Numbers  in  English,  Archaic  Mode  if 

expressing  283 
Oliphani,  L.  Russian  Shores   of  Black 

Sea  610 
0* Sullivan,  M,  Hour  of  the  Redeems- 

287 
Palissy,  Mad,  The  Provocatione  %f' 
Palmoni  76 
Park€r,  T.  Ten  Sermons  of  Relig 


Parthians,  HiHary  mmd  CSoiskogeef  173 
Pears,  S,  A,  Remarks  cmi  Church  M« 

397 
Pearson, Rev.  C.  ff.  Church  Ezpansioo  31 
Peel,  E,  SaleoB  Redeemed  616 
Pertsch,  ffT,  KshitUarans^Taiicbariti 

S83 
PigMt,  J.  D,  Egypt  986 
Pixies,  A  Peey  at  tha  615 
Plautus,  Tramaiatiam  ^178 
Principles  of  Church  Govermssuni  A$S 
Prophecy,  The  Strtteture  of  179 
Protestants  in  France,  History  eftheA 
Proverbs,  Lessons  in  494 
Provocations  of  Mofiame  PaHssy  497 
Public  Records,  Htsndbook  to  the  173 
Pulleyn,  9V,  The  Etynsoiofical  Compt 

dium  70 
Pulman ,  G,  P.  R,The  Book  of  c  he  Aie  S 
Quatre   Bras  asul    WatertBo,    DayM 

Battle  1h 
Quitinan,  E.  Poems  atui  Memoir  0/69 
Raine,  Rev,  J,  North  Durham  147 
Reade,  C.  Christie  Johnson  493 
Registrar- Generai,  Quariertp  Report 

the  217 
Religion,  Ttn  Sermons  of  76 
Remarkable  Escapes/ron^  Peril  987 
Rham,  Rev,  W,  L.    Dictionary  of  t 

Farm  284 
Richer,  E,  Key  to  the  Mystery  179 
Riley,  H,  T,  Translation  of  Plautus'  C 

medies  17H 
Rome  and  Maynooth  397 

City  of,  its  Edifices  asset  People  76 

Royal  Descent  of  Nelson  and  Wellingt 

281,  379.595 
Ruskin,  J,  Stones  of  Venice,  vol.  ii.39< 

vol.  iii.  607 
Russell,  Lord  John,  Life  of  Moore  3 
Russian  Shores  of  the  Black  Sea  610 
Ruth,  by  Mrs.  Gaskell  29 
St.  John,  J,  A.  Tour  in  Search  of  JBeaui 

345 
Salem  redeemed,  a  Lyrical  Drama  616 
Salisbury,  Bp.  of.  Speech  of  397 
Scenes  in  other  Lands  489 
Sedgewick,  Rev,  J,  Hints  on  Industri 

Schools  180 
Shepherd,  Rev,  E,  J,  First  Letter  to  tt 

Rev.  Dr.  Maitland  397 
Smith,  W,  •/.  The  Grenville  Correspom 

ence  219 
Song  qf  Solomon,  translated  into  Bnglit 

Verse  497 
Soper,  E,  Most  Holy  Trinity  397 
Spare  Moments  496 
Spencer,  Bp,  l>eiter  to  the  Bp.  of  B^t 

and  Wells  397 

State  Papers  '^^  of  Henry  VII 

'^7.  24 

1  Church  G 

Al41 


Inies  to  Namet, 


Sicilitrland,  flulcrical  and  Deieruilh-c 

S87 
Tanglriiwd  Tata  493 
Tagior.  r.  LifcBf  BciiJ.Rob.  Haydon  HO 
ThUtUthuiajlte.  A/ri.  Me.noir*  of  Bi«h.'p 

?>«■«,  F.  S.  [l>n<ll>uuk  lu  Public  R>-- 

Gordi  IT3 
TAimi,  St.  A.   Pullpyn'i  Etymotogknl 

Cumpeiiclium  impruTtJ  bj  70 
TAantisn,  £.  Arifaalo  Mode □>  Ekircsiiiig 

Numbrri  in  Eriglith.  &r.  2D;i 
TviT  of  Jama  Aug.  St.  Jthn  in  Starch 

0/  Btauty  345 
TVattn-j'  TWwu,  Lnufsn  455 
TrtgtltH,  S.  P.  Remarks  uii  the  Book  of 

Uiniel  ITS 


T.tmh,  U.  C.  Oil  the  Uiton.  in  Pro- 
verb. 434 
ftrnqi.  Sir  H.  Juurntl  pf  Gt d.  Sir  H«rrj> 

Cilvtrl  470 
Wal/ard,  E.  Trtndntiun  (if  Ariitotic  74 
f('(iriiv,C.tf.Ai>llu»I.>ililPi!n!imiaUSa6 
fTarltr,  J.W.  Al>peii<l}cl>  <H  Pirrlinenl'i 

S7fl 
Frei>(tr,{;raH,Miuait.<rDr.Web4lef49l 
^B»iR«rOT,ADyaIi:'«<ff3irje^3B1, 379,395 
WeUh  Skittha,  Third  Strict  4S6 
Whate^,  Jreht^.  AJdrcH  (d  Clerf;   of 

Dublin,  &c.  395 
f^ttiw,  ^rfArf.  Convocation  39T 
mUiel;  C.  M.  Inoumc  T»  T*bl«i  616 
Witfklrt  TaUi  fit 
Ym^,  C.  D.  TrantUtion  i>f  Laariiui  433 


INDEX  TO  NAMES. 


Ueludiail'roiBMi 


Abbot,  P.  J.  84,  H.  ALUorili,    W.    Si.    lLtx%\ttty,   C.  Mat- 


655 

Abboll,  L'.T.  431 
Ahdj,    Lilly,     193. 

M.  H.9I0 
Abercroiiibii!,A.40a 
Abcriluur,LuTd,l9S, 

302,  .106 
AcUnd,  S.  M.  539 
.\cult,W.  H.cse 
Adulr,  E.  H.  419 
Adimi,  Ll.  W.  651. 

Mn.   F.  M.  S91. 

R.  I).  409 
Ad<lins(ui),  Hun.  C. 

P.C3tl.Hon.L.4U3 
Addiion.Cipt.T.HS 
A>['>n«.M,A.M.^3S 
Adlam.  Mn.  99 
Aiilincion,  J.  653 
Aikiii.   A.   V„  651. 

A.  J.  655 
Ailii,  Hirchionew 

AloillcMiJor  W.  U. 

5SD.     M.  651 
AinjKurth,   M.    A. 

649.    T.541 
Airay,   G.   A.    101. 

W.  427 
Albert,  Mr.  C.  84 
Alcock,  H.  M.  97 
Alder,  O.   395.     S. 

E.  534 
Aldinty.J.SH 
AldetMii,  J.  G.304. 

K.  194 
Aldoo',  J.  401 
'Tich,  S.  104 


L.  I9E 
Alemndtr,   A,     M. 

.^4].    R.  )>.  403. 

W.  J.  19? 
Alfotd,  H.  .103 
Alger,  Mrs.  F.  919 
Allan,  MnJ.   A.   T. 

as 
Alten.Cirl.  H.439- 

J.  H.(i51.    L.  E. 

194.   M.  SIO.  M, 

H.    653.     R.    S. 

iS9.     S.  439.   T. 

184.     W.  397 


chioiie 


JISI4 


Allen 


,M.  61 


lleyne,   A.    M.'G. 

19S.     O.  399 
Allffpy,  Mrt.  H.  W. 

409 
Alii.„nd,  R.  W.  536 
AlMEFr,  M.  B.  397 
Alimann,  8.  J,40| 
AlwiM.  n.  C.  498 
d'Aiicede.BirunSSS 
Andenon,  E.  A.  W. 

4i7.    J.   83.     J. 

W.  M.-ia:.  Mn. 

G9G.    R,  54.1.  R. 

P.    GJC.     S.    M. 

305.    W.  403 
A[iderioti,Ueut.and 

Adj.  H.C.S3T 
Andr«*t,E.  0.698, 

S.  W.  590,  «99 
Aiielli.  r.  304 
Arfoiii.  S,  P.  JI2 
Aiigeli.  J.    4915.     J- 

B.  130 
Aiigrlff.  A.  e.  3S4 


W.  91 1 

Aiiii»nd,A.336 
Annetlry,51.J.G96. 
Mn.  A.  193 

Anoiiie,  H.  539 

AnielI.E.  101 
Anion.  Hon.   Mn. 

G.  E.  83.  Mtjor- 

Cen.  Hun.  G.  B3 
Anlrobui,  Mn.304 
Aplin,  B.  W.  86.  e. 

697.  Li.  K.  D'O. 

D-A.  303 
A|>|<leby,  T.  103 
ApplevurH,  Mn.  M. 

109 


Alb, C.  306 
Aihburiihim,F.193 
Athe,  W.  (i96 
Ashley,  W.  E.  909 
AihwDrlb.  F.  5.  I9S 
Aili'tt,  H.393 
Atpin,  J.3S4 
AijunoU,     G.    693. 

J.  T.  W.H3.  Mn. 

J.  T.  W.  193 
A.lell,  C..!.  R.   W. 

401,  J.  H.  195 
A.tley,  H.  F.  L.  85. 

Hon.  Mn.D.  193. 

H.  D. 540 
Aston,  J.  S13 
Aiberton,  E.  A.  99. 

Mr».  W.  304.   T. 


Aptbatp.  R.  P.  403 
ArbulLiiai.Cipl.A.   Alborpe,  Mn.  J.  C. 

D.  Y.  401 
Ardeti.   F.  E.  303, 


193 


495 
ArmitaiF.    F.   699. 

G.  696 
Arniiirune,  A.    H. 

214.     E.  540.    J. 

391, 590.     M<]or 

J.  83 
Arnold.  C.  M.  401. 

E.193.  S.C.L,M3 
Arroii.C]i[>t.J.J.497 
ArroKomiib,  W.  R. 

303 
Arthur,  E.  A.  496. 

E.  F.  391.  J.Si3. 

J.     T.    A.    511. 

Re»r-Adm.R-40l 
Arundel  iird  Surrey, 

C'teMiif69G 


Atkln,  C.  S09 
Atkinson,  E.  8.>>.  3, 

913,541.     M.  A. 

9S.  R.54I 
Attkini,  C.  430 
Attnood.  A.  594.  3. 

649 
Any.  J.  .309 
Auber,  H.  P.  :i05 
Aubcrl,  J.  D.  430 
Aiit<en,FI.  .S30.  H. 

M.BM 
AuBllti.  F.  M.  ';i4. 

Mri.A.  nSI.    W. 

«.  401 
AifordtM.  910 
Ajlinf.  W.  90T 
Aylmet,  C.  A.  4< 

M>lV'  f-  C..^9 


668 

Index  to  Names. 

^* 

Ayre,  E.  533,  652. 

Biiriiell,L:.G49.   M. 

Beelbum,    F.     b39- 

Bilton,  M.  A.  IBS 

H.  L.  R.  6-.9 

US 

M.403 

BinRer,  H.  194 

Babbinet-'n,  K.  5£4 

Burnicoul,  H.  195 

BeEliir,  Dr.  J.B3 

Bmgb.ni,J.99 

Biican,  H.  E.  303. 

B»rml,  A.  404 

Beke.  E.910 

Dinh,  E.  R.  6«a 

J.    303.      S.    S. 

Burrow,  C.  B.  303 

Bflclicr,  A.  101.   E. 

Bi.d.J.309.    J.  W. 

109 

B»rry,    A.    C:.    3ST. 

659 

B4.     M.S**,    B- 

Badcirk.T.  fiSl 

D.  T.  580 

B»ll,  A.  oM.    Cup!. 

M.  4SB 

B«dilrlty,  A.  306 

Batrjmor-.W.gS 

G.K.39S.  11.109. 

Birk'it,  J.  SOS.    i. 

mi:n.ll.  11.^4.    M. 

Bartltll,  J.  84.     P. 

Ho...  A.  496.     L. 

P.  em.     M.  109, 

E.  534 

639 

9op.    Mr(.J.399. 

DiKul,   Hon.    Mn. 

Birlley,  E.  304 

Mr..  M.  304.     S. 

BinM*,  G.  199.    R. 

30* 

D«noii,Ciipt.R.395. 

9tl 

•lOI 

B«pli»e,    E.    U. 

H.  N.  695.      R. 

BelUirs,  H.  401 

Bi<l»>|<.  P.  w.  ni. 

305 

S09 

Belling  Imm,   C   B. 

M.6S4 

B>Eiler.R.H.M.S14 
Bibn,  K.  S.  195 

Birtrop,  M.  [.,  430 

er,4 

Bi««<i,M-jor  J.J. 

Barwcll,  M.  E.  ti9B. 

Btllis  R.  895 

BiiUy,  C.  U,  5E4. 

W.  H404 

Bellm.Ti.  A.  H.  301 

Bl.ck,  Cpt.  S. J.J. 

C.R.49a.  J.(i34. 

Bi.il.ro,  S.  C.  IDI 

liei.iwn.  W.  11.  G'irf 

654.     E.  U.   ■»- 

J. 0.  109.  T.  911 

B«k«vilk-,Mr».H 

UtKK,   E.   403.      J. 

P.  V.  699 

DailliF,  Mr.  H.  64 

304 

W.524 

Blurkdl.   Mr*,   n. 

B.inei,  M.  41.3 

B^Miini,  M.  C.  Gh3 

Bc..re.,,H.306.    J. 

S.  C.  B.  1»4 

1                      B»k.r,  E,  194,430. 

Bmkii,  L.  C.  IS4 

S3S.     W.  J.  907 

Bi.fkb..™,  F.  et». 

a.   M.    697.      J. 

B-Uilird,  M.  P.T 

Bciniluglicld,       tk\. 

J.  199.  a«k   MiM 

fi27.    t~6S3.   U 

594 

329.    T.  T.  .^29 

B.  IMC     Mr. 301 

G.  S.  329.     Mn. 

Balcliillor,  E,  540 

llcnn(-'<nh,   J.   B. 

Bl>ckt»w>.r,  J.  SSI 

A.  esi.    S.  5S0. 

BMcmoii,  L.  E.  US. 

499 

BI-i-kc.r,Mri.e.A. 

Sir  R.  209.     W. 

R.  P.  409.   S.  8G. 

BuiiBon,  F.  J.    109. 

H4 

549 

W.  333 

M.  M.3S2 

BUck«ooJ,A.S.H. 

B.ld«ck.     F.    404. 

Bil».   Li.-Cd.   11. 

B.nt.Ll.W.B-395 

Mn.  E.  H.  85 

519.  MK.J..S4I. 

XciilJFy,  G.  136 

Bl.rr,  D.  A.  4Sa.  E. 

B<itd*ii>,  C.   E.   B. 

B.  109 

BrmrorJ.    C.    5S9. 

J.  S.  S04                    \ 

313.  M«,  E.40S 

B.t(,  E.  A.  ti59 

J.B.30G.     M.E 

BUk*.    K.  R.    ml.      \ 

Bslfuur,  P.  L.403 

BnllCK,  J.  G.  537 

599 

F.304.  r.w.en. 

B«ll,  A.Y.  6ST.   M. 

B.i.mb.ch,A,  194 

Berpiir,  F.  B..  lol 

H.F.98.  M.»t. 

699.    M.  L.  )i41 

B«*ttM.  W.  395 

Bcrkcky.Mri.G.B. 

H.549.  R.n.Sa 

Bolli,  G.  4!6 

lUynesW.  F.699 

BS.     F.  541 

Bl.k.Mon.J.n.ttl 

B»ty,  W.  309 

B>«lc7,  F.  L.  590 

Ber.,.rd,  E.  99 

UUnd.  8.  Ata 

B.mfjlJr,A.  190 

BBley,  T.  B:! 

Berry,  <:»pi.  Ci.  F. 

Bl<»itl,  Mr.  489 

Bi»<ipfl«ld,    W.   L. 

B«cl>,   S!r   M.   H 

195.     F.  393 

ltli.t.  b.  306.    Un. 

Banki,  R.  G54 

193 
BfuUp*,  J.  6!2G 

Bcrtlrl,  W.    D.    B 

S,  AOl 

86,  193 

va«n.  m™.  3m 

Bunnir,  G.  J.  199 

B»l,  S'.  303 

B(»y,  A.  L.  Mi 

Dlom.firld,  M«.J. 

Bealey,  S.  193 

Bci.t,E.  U697.   M. 

409 

Bmiry,  Ri.Hiin.M 

B»ni».  J.651 

69B 

BI0U..1.E.  CM 

C.n»  rf  393 

B«ii»bb,F.M.309 

Bcihuin.  H-CSO 

UIolMct,  Mim  H. 

Barbrr,  5.  689 

W.  498 

Bribel.  E.  M.  911 

ill 

Airdav.Capt.C.K. 

B«...  C.99.   H.ll 

Bcihur.<!,Mn.|l.)l3 

niutt>.A.F.G.fiS 

G.  213.    a.  e^3 

igi 

BcMii,  G.  913 

Blyib,A.4t9.0.M 

BifiliUy,  J.L.309 

Bvuril.M.  651 

B.Ws  A.  699 

Bo.l,n.  G.  83                 ' 

B>r<)«rJl,W.H.43l 

Bc»re,  M.f.    M»j.r 

Brw,  G.  E.  498 

ll»dn.n,  J.  99 

B.rk.r.  A.  910.     F 

409 

Ot-ti,  W.  E.  B3 

Boiltutr,  L.  R.  194       ' 

H.  30G.    T.  911 

Bcarron.Mtf.F.3U4 

Bickenliir,  A.  910 

n^.il>ru>.  £at.L.A. 

W.  G.  409 

B*r»uiiiont,Uri),l99 

ffid.ilf.  A.  109.     A 

97 

B«rkly,  H.  199.   Sir 

Bechcr,     Mri.     W 

M.  514 

iioi.oti.j.sos.  j.a. 

H.30S 

654 

Blddulph,  C.  511 

591 

Biirluw,    C.    G.  T 

»Beckecr,Mrf.G.A 

Bid«cll,E.e6I.    J 

Bond.  A.  19s 

4UI.   J.  655.   W 

85 

653.     J.  C.  909 

B«nr.,  A.  ilJ               1 

F.  919 

Depkfi>nl,:M.L.499 

S.S.  919 

Bonhan,      Ll^CuL     1 

B*mint.  C.  C.  590. 

Bcdforri,  M.J.  r  W 

BiBR.  >".&«>■  W.394 

C.  W.  5S7                 1 

J.  Mi.    T.  101 

E.83 

BIkP'   ■>■  t-  fis 

BoxoM,  C.  99              1 

Brirne,  J.  M9 

BfdmgMd.T.SH 

M.  539 

Botinry.  T.  US           1 

■                Bimm,  A.  M.  304. 

Beebr.  C.  S.  499 

BinnHI,  II.  B.910 

ifoonor,  a.vm       1 

^^^^          H.  538.    J.  913 

Hfecror>.M».  101 

Billc,  M.dc.  911 

B^krr,  C.  F.  M         1 

^^^^       J.  W.  305.     L.  S 

iVck,  J.  ^13 

UUIidir.  R.394 

Buol>,  1|1<«  S]>          J 

^^^^    403. 

Beer,  J.  651 

L. 

Uillin|b<n>,  S.  HI 

r 

-     « 

^^^^1 

/nrfe*  lo  JVamet. 

A09 

Ilorra-I.iU,   F.  685. 

Briitnt,M.324.  W. 

537.     F.  M.  195. 

Borlinehun.J.SSB 

M„.A.Bi 

H,  (95 

G.W.39a.    H.,n. 

Buronby.G.H.  399. 

ll..r«r,  D.  69T 

Brier,  S.  540 

E.A.  196.    M.E. 

Lieiii.Xol.  C.  H. 

B^rtlry,  D.  9« 

Brick-ell.   J.    403. 

395 

309.  MxjarC.  H. 

BoMon.C.  iga.  Mb- 

Ll.  S.  J.  40S 

Browning.   A.  594. 

i-f  A.  8J 

Bridce.  F.  SOS.    J. 

M.3a4 

Burne.  H.  H.  68B 

Boi»»n.,  Mn.  J. 

Broit>.l<.w,  P.  498 

Burr.  J.  304 

T.  304 

Br<.<vi.r>et,J.S.539. 

Burr*,  W,  p.  86 

Binluck.E.S.  653 

F.  4S7     ' 

M>>rS.  401 

Burrrll,  E.  A.  M9. 

Bridget,    Mr*.    W. 

Bri.«,G.401.H<.r> 

M.  649 

649 

M.  8S 

F.ao8.   RC.19G 

Burridgc,  Capt.  R. 

DtHi  chirr,  G.  403. 

BridfiM.  E.594.    E. 

T.  653 

8.  A.  BS 

F.  en.     G.   6.S1. 

Bru»r,Htin.Hn.C 

BurrouKhei.     Hon. 

J.A.A.  B5.     W. 

G.  193 

Mr<.  R.  5S1 

.■i37 

4i:c 

Br>i.l>,  J.  R.  H6 

Burrou(bt,  W.  109 

Briilg»w«ter,  J.385 

Bry...t,J.43I.  Mr. 

Burrowi,  J.48a 

B.>ult«.i,  H.  4SH 

Bmlcmiiii,  A.B.98. 

5.  A.  lOO 

Burton,  Capl.  P.A. 

Bowdoin,  Cunt.   J. 

E.saa 

Buchsriiii,  D.  689 

P.  69i(.    Capl.  J. 

7.  83 

BrMcnrll.  M.  397 

Major  J.  541 

R.83.   C.R.49G. 

llowen.C.  r.33.    H. 

Brien,  Ur.  B.  lOS 

Buck,G.  S.83.   M. 

Lieui.  A.  J.  590. 

SI4.    J.  H.  53T. 

Btiejt.  Cupl.  C.H3 

de,6Sa  B.  H.K. 

Lt.-Gen.  W.  M. 

M.395 

F.    tiimni.     100. 

550 

496 

Bower,  A.  915.     E. 

I.   541.     J.  6.^S. 

BuckliiT>d.Mr<.E.C. 

Boty,E.538.    UJy 

L.427 

S.  GS4 

I?3 

B.306.  M.A.3I9 

Bo»krr,  C.  P.  324 

Rriclitwell,  I.  lOe 

B..<kl*,  J.  38J 

Bnib,   H.   E.   584. 

Bowlby.  E.  384 

Bncidirkr,  M.   W. 

Buckley,  J.  303.    J 

J.  401,685.     W. 

U.>-J».  J.  lOU 

1S4 

A.F.303.  Mi)or. 

654 

Uunring.  E.  A.  SS. 

Brint,   Mr..  G.  A. 

Gen.  E.    P.   685. 

Buthe,  ;.  S.  199 

8.  65! 

591 

W.  E.  G9S 

Buibman,M.N.396 

B..»j.,r,  W.  J.  628 

Brisw,  S.  S.  es 

Buckhrll,   C.   409 

Bulehcr,  J.  L.  699. 

B"«.f,  H.  B.  S09. 

Brillen,  J.  395 

G.  323 

U.  C.  195 

T.  M.  B.  lite 

Brn„1,  W.  395 

Bui:l.ii..n,  E.  F.  A. 

Builer,  A.  S.    192. 

B«yfo..  H.  4i7 

Brnndbiiril,  S.  409 

J.  P.  396.    S.  1. 

Bi.y,l.Mr..J.A.H. 

Brock,  E.  91 1 

Bueklon,  E.  403 

580 

fise 

Br«:liUhur»t,E.593. 

Budd,E.W.V.S09. 

Builin,  M.  496 

Boylf.Cupt.W.  196. 

534 

J.  540.  6iS.     L. 

Bullrrfleld,  E.C59 

J.  62T 

Brotllc,  P.  B.  t!>9 

A.  l!»a.    Mr*.  A. 

Bi.Herwortli,E,85l 

Jloyi,  T.  J.  403 

Urodrjck,  W.  8S 

98 

BuxtoD,  H.  499              ■ 

Bmckcnbury,  W.T. 

Broke,  L»pi.  G.  N. 

Bull,  J.  H.  194 

By.m.  W.  5.^7                ^^m 

194 

B94 

Muller,H.54I.Mn. 

Bye,  Mr<.  M.  658         ^^H 

Bradilcll,    A.     303. 

BromUl*.  J.  53G 

J.  B.y.  193.    w. 

Byrr*,  0.  B.  84            ^^^| 

G.  M.  6« 

Bromley,  A.  403 

E.  B5 

Byne.  H.T.  L.  311      ^^H 

Br»dJock,  L.  lOS 

Brooke,     J.      386. 

Bullock, M.  103.  31 

Byur.  C.p>.  C.  D.     ^^m 

Bradford,  B.  305 

Mr>.  A.   B.  409. 

G.  909 

llun.E.P.     ^^H 

Brodi.cf.  L.  M.  C. 

Mr..W.  H.  431. 

Bollock.-,  11.  B.40I 

430.   Major  Hon.     ^^H 

K.3a6 

T.303 

Bulmer,  i:.  a. 

C.  6ii             ^^H 

Brndthnw,  G.   431. 

Brookl-duif.  D.  431 

Bunbury,G,99.  Mm 

Byrne,  E.  637.  Mr..     ^^H 

J.  83,  .-.as 

Brookl.  G.  H.306. 

H.409 

^^^1 

Bmd.h.we.  Mr..G. 

M.  654.   W.496 

Bunch,  R.  198 

Byron.  Hon.  F.  401.     ^^H 

P.  193 

Broumi-,   1-   G.    F. 

Buon,  T.  DH 

Hon.  Mr>.  P.  85       ^^H 

Brady.  E.  5S3.    M. 

!i90 

Bunaelt,  H.  J.  195 

Cabell.  W.                    ^^^H 

J.  593 

Brolhert.m,  M.».  J. 

B»niilr.s,  C.  E.  404 

CalDn.C.S.  195              ^^H 

Br^idlcy,  F.  A.  4!B 

83 

Bi>n*eu,  Mn.  F..  Hb 

CihUmarin,  E.  V.                   ■ 

llr^.mlrj',  F.  SIS 

nrowrll,  J.  306 

Biirhank,  J.  fi.S3 

Bminpl^n,  J.  49B 

I{ro»i.,B.99.  ':»P'- 

Burcheil.A.496.  W, 

C.b«..c.W.L.195                     I 

Bfinwrll,    0.    W. 

J.  T.  S2.S.     Col 

H.  F.  306 

Uine,  T.  530                            ]j 

W.  B3 

A. 914.    r>.!ll. 

Barcbeti.G.  404 

Calder,C.A.H.653        ^^J 

Urxndun,  H.  b40 

303,487.  H.910. 

Burd,  G.  84.  J.  53G 

Caldwell,    H.   537.      ^^H 

Briyiba*,  T.  99 

n.F.38r.  J.ise. 

Buinleli.D.  J.  438 

Cumm.  H.  303          ^^H 

UrrckiKll,  e.  C.  C. 

487,  iis;i.    J.  J. 

Burer,  S.  394 

CallanaiiF,  W.  538        ^^^M 

58i 

Gil.     M.  A,  584. 

Burgh.  UJy  E.  de 

Callandrr,       393           ^^H 

Br«,  W.  HG 

537.  Mrt.T.  100. 

454 

Callendar.  W.  3Ui        ^^^M 

Brvrriuii,  ti.  ipa 

H.  N.  I>.  Hb' 

l)itrEl.lcy.Udy.10l 

"-.ti.  P.  ll.fi»9 

IW»»i.r,A.<;86.    C. 

Burkr,  Mn.  M.  C. 

CaiDden,    Mar.ll>  o.     ^^H 

H        WfJ.wi 

asa.  4J«<,  a.  c. 

'93 

nmSSI                    ^^H 

670 

CameroD,  E.  U.  bS^ 
Cawubell,  A.    lH. 

A.b.OM.   B.W. 

MO.    CR(.t.R.P. 

B3.     C.  T.    I»3. 

D.EOI.  E.IL.SI4. 

E.  S.  SIO.  H.>«. 
A.O.D~28.  J.'iUl. 
J.R.S11.  L.3I8. 
LmIjt  S31.  LlG. 
C.209.  MtjurG. 
Bi.     ft.  401 

CandUr,  B.  S.  4'il 
Cmmun,  Major  H.B3 
Cipel,  A.  I9G 
Cupper,  C.  H.  813 
Capreol,  T.  Sii 
I    Carberr,  Lady  6i6 
t^rd,  M.  303 
Carcw,   E.   A.    S4U. 

Mr).  R,  U.  ^31 
CarinKlon,  Eloii.  C. 

K.  M.  I9i 
CMrlc»,C.8tl.  i.sa 

Carlile,  W.  38S 

,   CarmivhiH.J.CE. 

304 

Camwalb,  Rt.  Hon. 

l>I.A.C'i»>ar&1D 

Caqienlcr,  A.  305. 

D.T.SS8.  E.385. 

--     E.S.86.    T.W.M 

Carr,   A.    194.    C. 

■      H.303.   Ll.-Col. 

G.  K.  30E.    Mn. 

F.  481 
Carrul],  Rear  AiIid. 

Sir  W.  F.  198 
Carrow,  R.  196 
Carlar,  A.  809.     H. 

E.   as.      J.  408. 

H.  538.     Mrt.  J. 

B.e8(i.     T.G.I98 
Canwrijlit,      Lady 

F.4S9.  Mr*.8.193 
Carver,  A.  J.  401 
C«r<iiihcii,F.N.S3T 
Cary,   J.    540.      R. 

a.  I!I4 
Cataiua}or,  Miii  C. 

388 
CanF.aSOS.     J.S9 
Catiidi,  Cif.l.  I9S 
Call  la,  K.  196 
Caihcan,   Lt.-Geii. 

Hon.  O.  H3 
Caibenrom),  J.  lUO 
Callley,  E.  100.    J. 

P.  &4I 
Caveodnb,    Mi 


Index  to  NatMt. 


nb.    Major 
H-m.  H.F.C 


Cawria,  W.  an 
Caicnovt,  E.  68a 


Cbafy,  E.  C.  65£ 
Cbalmer,  M.  C.  SiH 
Cbalmen,     tlijor- 

Gen.  SirW.  SIS 
Cliamberlaiii,  J.  W. 

Cliaaiben,C.E.ea3. 

Mn.    540.     Mn, 

T.   85.      S.  385. 

W.  311 
Ch*inbrt,T.  99 
ChaiDnnt't,  C.43I 
ChaDdlr»,J.E.G58 
Chandoi,  Marchio- 

nut  ul  686 
Chauner,  A.  T.  548 
rhaplin,  P.  639.  M. 

6SG,     S.  488 
Cbapman,  C.  Lad* 

85.  B.   401.     J. 

86,  580.  Lt.  VV. 
P.  £10.  Mr..  S. 
638.     S.  I  OS 

Cbappcll,  E.  403 
Cbarlci,  C.  548 
Charlier,  J.  J.  524 
CUamock,  A.  E.  404 
Cbarierit,  H.  iVi 
Charten,  R.  H.  3').S 
Chate,  T.  B.  6ia 
CbaiGrld,    H.    530. 

R.  $36 
Cbayicr,  A.  J.  89 
Chiytor,  Lady  84 
Cheeicmaii,  Mrt.  R. 

99 
Chaeibam,  W.  86 
Cberry,  C.   C.   428. 

E.J.  86.     H.  C. 

C'bewlon,    Vtic'lESs 

84 
Ciiiynr,  A-  488 
ChichetUr,  C.  4u4. 

Hon.  Mrt.  F.  681. 

Sir  A.  198 
Cbildert.R.  F.W.S6 
Cbiidi,   J.    B.  325. 

J.T.3S5.MJ^.C50 
Cbiltun,  8.  48T 
Cbippeiidalc,  J,  *19 
CbiiUi>d«u,H.  429 
CbiTcl,  Capt.  B.  486 
CbulHlelty,Miu  401 
Charley.  E.  336 
Cbiiiiie.Capl.P.  83. 

E.  GSO.     J.  l!Mi 
C  brill  upbptaun,  W. 

4S7 
Chubb,  C.  W.  6^7. 

Mn.T.  H.  IflS 
Cburcb,  F.  305.    R. 

VV.S06 
CburGbiU,C.A.SU 
tUurton.  J.  V.  2o; 


Clapban,  O.  J23 
CJ»rb.  C.   195.     H. 

A.    196.     J.  'i%i. 

3.  P.  199.     L.  G. 

85.     L.   A.  403. 

M.  A.  534 
Llickc,  A.  1.1)6.     B. 

J.  628.    E>il.  J. 

97.      E.    B,  S83. 

G.  V.  T.  386.     a. 

Q.  6iS.    S.  541. 

J.W.  306.    Miu 

M.   98.      T.   84. 

W.  J.  193 
ClarcII,  C.  651 
Clay,  H,3U5.  T.98 
Claypolf.  J-  B.  430 
Claytun,  E.  430 
ClaytoD,  E.  E.  541 
CIclaii,  If.  a06 
Clameiili,    Huo.  F. 

N,  303 
Clendon.  Upt.  W. 

Clcobury,  J.80i 
Clrrk.E.  H.  86 
Cliff,  A.  M.  4U1 
Ciiltun,  il.  649 
C1ii»(nion,E.A.86 
Clinker,  E.  S.  655 
Clinton,  L.E.M.S83 
Cti«t,  J.   U.    GS8. 

Lady  U.  ^31 
Clodr,  E.  650 
Clunn,  J.  194 
CoaiM,  J.  304.     R. 

T.  808 
Cuatbupe,  E.4ST 
Cubby,  L.  bt% 
Cabham,  W.65I 
Cock,  A.  539 
Cockbiirn.A.E.85. 

Capl.  W.  P.  809. 

L.  H.  814 
Cuckc[v(i,I-M.I96 
tui-kt"...    H.    iil2. 

W.  H.  539 
CmlU,  A.  306 
Codriiislan,    E.    B. 

487 
Cuffln.    IJ.    W.  C. 

338.     T.  2<I9 
Cohen,  A.  H.  108 
Cuke,    E.    F.    686. 

Mitf"'  C85 
Cull>(irnr,Capt.Hon. 

P.   5^0.    J.  SS9. 

R.  815 
C<)IchMI*l,W.G.a9Q 
CuldHell,     H.     its. 

T.  530 
C«lp,Mn.H.D.686 
ColeioaD,  W.  E.9B 
CuUdm,  i.  W.  84 
(.ui):nd^,ILIt.b'i9 


CvIh.  h.  a.  cst 

Coleiliurai,  S-JOt 
Collanl.  1.  S^ 
Collet,  E.A«4 
C(illrt(,C.43».lIa 
H.  P.  OS 

Cullier,  a  C.U«. 
L.  59S.  Un.  U. 
2 1  J.  U.  F.  «i«. 
T.541 

ColliiigridKe,  E.404 
CoUidsiiaaa,  J.aDI 
Calli.,1,  C.  99,  3ar,. 

J.  524.  M.  531 
Cnllit.     J.    D.    IM. 

R.  3U3 
Culliaon,  P.W.Ml 
Colli.  C    W.  to. 

3.  p.eas 

Collyar,  B.  C.  Ol 
Ctilqaliouiit  Mn.  P. 

540 
C«l*ille,  J.  U.  SSk 

Lont  1»3 
C'lopton,   E.  318, 

esi.    J.  F.  Six. 

LmJyM.lSI.  LmJ 

W.  5ag 
Cumyni,  M.  fiU 
Consle(un,M.  ill 
CoBnall,  T.  0.636 
Cud  II  ally,  Comm-JI. 

308.      W.  811 
Conniip,  N.  8tl 
Cnnnr.  P.  P.  IX 
Caiutatilc,    L.    M. 

4D3.  W.J.B-ISJ 
Convay,  W.  A.  M 
CM>k,  C.  Ml.    M. 

K.  99.     Mn.  X. 

430.  S.  T.  581 
Co<.k<.  e.    308.     I. 

195.  UiH  II.  ML 

P.  J.W.«>t.    ». 

A.  810 
Cooke..  S.  G.4M 
Cookmrthy,  M.  F. 

697 
CoonUi,  J.  US 
Cwipr,  E.  i.  sn 
Cooper,  A.1U.    C 

A.  380.     U  64- 

K.  4(11.  J.  B. MO. 

H.A.  589.    Mm. 

T.  193.  T.  sia 
Cooplanil,  C  U.4M 
C«rte.U..Crf.C.J- 

Cone,  C  J.  4aOL  S. 

Copland,  A.  U.H<. 

MiM  A.    I9L    I. 

C.  :.-ll 
Cepp,  W.  fiM 
CvrbomU,  H.  Stl 


^m 

Index  to 

Namtt. 

671    ^^1 

C.-rk*r,J.  430 

Creff,  Mii*l9G 

MiiMn.  M.  .=.41 

Dca>,       B3                   ^^^1 

Corncxull,  W.  331 

Crewwell,  SirC.83 

l).le.D.539.  D.M. 

Ueuc.J.  A.5!il             ^^H 

Corniib.  E.  H.  101. 

Cte)l[f,  A.  H.   100. 

539 

De  Hock,  T.  913           ^^H 

E,  R.  655 

E.  538.     H.  100 

Uilgetr,  Lt.  98 

Dtlghloii,  c.  wn         ^^^M 

Cpmc,  E.  S.  195 

Cridlsnd.J.J.  5S3 

Dalkcilb,    Eurl    of 

UcUcomhe,      Capl.      ^^^M 

Curtellis  H.  5-10 

Criirin,    C'jipt.    W. 

19'i 

U.B.593.  P.  653      ^^H 

Corl.J.H.  101.  R. 

5S0 

D.lli..g,C.pl.J.W. 

Delaftiiif ,  E.  S.  54 1        ^^^| 

649.     W.S37 

Crwl,  tlon.J.ga 

650 

D«UroMe,  D.  C.  696      ^^H 

Conif«i,  G.  P.4or. 

Crockett,  G.  L.  S9l 

Dalpbiii,  A.651 

Delia  Torre,  A.  S9        ^^^| 

R.  S.  309 

Croft,  H.  537.     U. 

Dairy  ■DpIr.Viic'lcii 

Dr<Hlil.C.H.W.418         ^^H 

Coilfr,  E.  403 

H.  520 

696 

Dennitun,  G.  496  ^^^H 
l>e>ii<)»,  E.  P.  B4           ^^H 

Cmtipn,  L.  E.  S37 

Cwmmeli„,J.  209 

D.lton.M-jorT.N. 

Culler,  E,  IS5 

CromptuH.SitC.aOS 

401 

Denny.   M.   A.   99.        ^^M 

ColUfill,    E.    5!3. 

Crooke,  F.  A.  84 

Daly,  M.  A.  653 

Mri.  A.  304                 ^^H 

W.  H.  S!3 

Crooki.  H.J.K.499 

l)*lMll,C.L.tl.305. 

Dent.A.  E.6S1.  H.        ^^H 

Cutiun.Mn.a  3£T. 

Ctopper.J.W.593 

Mfjur  Hon.  R.  A. 

^^H 

1           W.  SOB 

Cruibx,  Mr..  538 

C.  83 

Deiity,  L.  4.11                     ^^^H 

Couch,  R.  Q.  40! 

Lto»b...C.9l3 

Damer,  Lady  J.  D. 

De  Pulrun,  P.  199          ^^H 

Cuuclip,  Li.  J.  437 

t:r™,  H,  3S4.     J. 

4iB 

Derbiibin,  C.  loo          ^^^| 

Cuiifhin«n.  6,6.305 

496 

Dampirr.  A.  20S 

Uermer,  E.  C.  591         ^^H 

'      Cauliiiii,  J.  H.3J3 

Cr<i»e,  !>.  P.  J.Uii 

nanM,  M.  404 

Devirell,  W.R.  919        ^^H 

Coutafe,  R.  194 

Dm.„A;,  11.599 

Deiereui,    E.    591.        ^^H 

,      Courieiiiv,    E.    H. 

6^3 

Daniel,  A.  C.  S3S. 

^^H 

5S2.     P.  100 

Cwtch,  W.  R.  306 

J.  650.    J.J.  84. 

De  Veulle,  J.T.  541        ^^H 

Courlii,  C.  195 

Crowder,  S,  C.  IS4 

Lt.  194 

D«  Viire,  L'.  J.  D.       ^^H 

Coutlney,  J.  fiSl 

Crooley,  J.6.  I94 

DaiiiHI,  J.  3Sa 

^^H 

Couien.,  S.  697 

Croi>llirr,A.H.65D. 

Danieli,  T.  84 

Dew,  C.  653                  ^^H 

Co*eriiry,Mn.J.193 

F.  R.  306 

Dai>»r,  Col.  C.  C. 

Dcvar.K.J.SB.  P.      ^^H 

Co««i..Capl.A.39a 

CrMicr,  W.  305 

3i3.     G.H.652 

^^^H 

Coxiird,  Hn.  J.  U. 

Cruikib>nk,M,3J6 

D.n.o...  J.  431 

Dewdney,  Mr:.  651      ^^^H 

6!6.  W.eoT.   W. 

Crutf.  F.T.  195 

Uirbv,  J.  697 

De*elI,Capl.T.4t9  ^^H 
Dewlck.  W.  G.  BG        ^^^1 

B.  S09 

Cru<t,  E.  697 

Danilcy,  C'lcia  of. 

Co«biir>it,t:.  305 

Dent  nap,  W.  306         ^^^H 

Co«»n,a9a.  J.5S3 

Crux,  W.  639 

Uarracotl,  S.  101 

DIekent,  E.M.  431       ^^H 

Coitlel,  A.  eS 

Cubill,G.IS6.  S.85 

D-ArvUle,  G.  391 

Dicketiion,  M.  103.      ^^^H 

Cuwley,  E.  489 

Lummlne,  A.  650. 

Daunt.E.  S.T.  401 

M.  E.  403                  ^^H 

Cuwper,  Uoii.U.E. 

C.pl.A.6iT.    J. 

Davenport,  L.M.SH 

Dkkinton,  A.  384.     ^^^| 

M.SI3 

543.       Li.     and 

Uavid>uii,C.G.30S 

214.     U.  860.      ^^^1 

Cui,  C*pi.C.V.B3. 

Capt.   H.  W.  83 

F.  M.  194 

Ur*.3D4                    ^^H 

O.K. ill.  P^!6 

Mr..C.91l.  Mr. 

Da*i-^A.636.    D. 

Diekaan,  J.  9S.    T.      ^^H 

J.  M.  193.    J.  P 

G.  304.    R.  m 

LC.698.    E.J.C 

521                       ^^H 

SOB.     R.  G.6S7 

tundv,  Mrs.  541 

86.   F.M.G5I.  J 

Di|;Kin.,L(.F,J.530     ^^^H 

R.  8.  3SS 

196,590.     J. 5.16 

Dllkr,  M.43I               ^^H 

Cr-.bho,G.E.  911 

Curcl^).,  Mr>.H5 

Ll.-Col.  M.  ilO 

Dillon,  Hon.  C.  A.     ^^^| 

Cratruft.  Cup!.  W 

Curie,  P.  P.  S43 

P.  J.  84.    S.  541 

^^^M 

193 

Corny, A.W.S.  306 

T.  H. 401 

Dimvck,  G.  3!9           ^^^H 

Cndock,  E.  196 

Corrle,  A.  O.  539 

Dotiiiion,  A.  E.  699 

DinEle,  R.  I>.  84             ^^H 

Cr.«,  (;<.>nni.J.B 

CD.  636.    R.99 

IHri>,  A.  651.     E 

Di»»,  R.  M.  as3                      I 

Gii 

CurtcU,M.E53 

313.     F.  E.  5S4 

Dl»ie,   E.   J.    305.                    I 

Coie.MiKsg.   w 

Curtii*,  A.  196 

J.A,69«,   R.537 

Mrs.A.  B.  c:.691                     1 

303 

Curiii.  E.  G.  699 

T.  653 

Diiou,  A.  E.  86.  C.                  J 

Crtnisr,  J.  309 

F.  H.  696.    G.L 

D»i>on,  II.  193 

396.   D.  593.   G.      ^^M 

Crkxmir,   Ma.   A 

650.      H.  S,   86 

Dawbrr.J.  K.  BG 

S.M\.    M.     ^^H 

SIO 

Mr..  A.  344.    T 

Da«M.  B.  Ml 

BS4.    T.(i49            ^^^H 

Cnufterd,  J.    6Sfi 

430 

D»»ion. 11.907.  I)r 

Dobbin,  0.  T.  B4         ^^^H 

HIM  430 

Gunner,  M.  599 

W.590.  G.B.308 

Docker,        396          ^^H 

Cnt«n,  R,  M.  591 

Cur«»,  C.pl.  llvn 

M.H.59I.  S.59 

Dodd,  Mil*  496            ^^^1 

rr«-(n«l,    p.  4«« 

R.W  P.B3.  NX 

Day,    E.   909,  306 

UodKioii.J.  391           ^^^1 

W.H.4o:i 

534 

E.  R.  194.     Mil 

Dod*,  R.  391                 ^^H 

■  W.lfi 

Ciitt,  Mr«.  H.193 

S.65I.     S.E.63(I 

-s 

Cutbill,  A.  R.  52i 

D>yr.ll,M.  99 

Mr..H.  8.  193        ^^H 

Culler.  C.E.  393 

De*kir»,  R.  P.  S09 

Dolby,  B.  594               ^^^H 

Cuttu,  A.  393 

Dean,  K.  .■>34 

Dumvlll>-,e.A.403.    ^^^M 

ru«ljc,  E.  195 

Desnr,  S.  430,  53? 

Hen.           J.  R.  ^^^1 

^B 

momt.  B.  OB 

DculinK.  J.  654 

S^^^^^^^H 

672 

Index  to  Nama. 

DunalJton,    E.    E 

Dunn,  D,  395.     W 

Eliot,  M.   I&.>.     H 

F.g..n,  M.  310 

639.     R.  lOU 

J.  533 

331 

F«Bf ,  F.  &40 

Oonnr,  S.  3?S 

Dunne,  J.  ".aa 

Elkii>glo,..J.aS4 

Fair.  J.  A.  il9 

Dunn  ins,  K.  85 

Ell«by,  W.  F.  S94 

FairlMirn,  J.  639 

0(591 

IJunMone,  Hon.  J 

Ellaeombe,   W.   B 

Fairbauk,  S.  100 

Dormi.M.  R.  30C 

97 

39G 

F»lrbrid|;e.  MitiA. 

Uaraiiiii,C.4U3.  H 

Duniburne,  E  S3B 

Ellery,  Mm  E.  G53 

540.  MiuM.Ma 

&43 

DupoaL  6S4 

ElUot,  W.  3*4 

Mra.  540 

Uotiin,  D.  G53 

Dopuii,  C.  S9 

Elliot-,  E.eS7.    E 

Fairfield,  Majot  ESI 

Dor.n.,A.Io3.  M 

K.  303,  S06.     M 

Fairfaolme.  W.  I9C 

Douce,  P.  H.  308 

430 

498.     Mr.  J.  84 

Fairman,  W.  MS 

Uouican,  R.  big 

Uurell,  A.  53B 

Ellif,  Cipl.  F.  6SS. 

FaUbfuir,     C.     6J4. 

Uougliall.M.  B.  196 

Dure!,  A.  W.  599 

C.   E.    306.      E. 

F.   D.    I!M.      H. 

DuueUi,     J.     6b3 

Uurbam,  J.599 

439.     E.  A.  404. 

B23.      M.  sej. 

L>d}  S.  8:>.    M 

DumFonl,  K.  E.  A 

Mi>a  m 

FUlo*.  H.SI3 

85.     .1,  S.  SI3 

Elli.on,    Major    R. 

Fallow.,  C.  S.  6*7 

Dgver,  G.  84 

Durr.nt,  1.401.   J 

199 

F.mh*.e.H.n.M5 

Duveioii,    Cap).    J 

R.  393  - 

Eliitton,  J.324 

Farebroiber,   J.  C. 

651 

Dulton,  B.  333 

650 

DoHding,  B.C.409 

D»iBbi,A.499 

Lord  519 

F«riib.  H.  635 

J.  393 

D*y»r,  C.pl.  T.  P 

Elwrn,  S.  S.  404 

P»rn,  E.  P.  403 

D«ell,E.  F.  911 

303.     E.  659 

Ellon,  E.C.  19S 

Farnbam.  Mn.  M 

Du«i«,  J.  &39 

DykM,  P.  537 

El»e<.  E.  86.   Mra. 

Farqub.r,  Lady  U. 

Do»ker,  M.  E.  5SS 

Dyigli.M.  914 

J.  H-E.  85.  Mn. 

G26 

DuwUng,  A.  P.  SOS 

Eaile,  W.  A.  103 

R.S9I.    Mn.  T. 

Farrant,  J,  SS3 

Down  >r>d  Cui»,or, 

Earl.  V.  C.  698 

H.  696 

F.rrer,  H.  E.  Ml. 

WiltolBp.otAOi 

E«ls,  H.  lOO.    T 

Elwyil,  S.  437 

L.30S 

Uowiies.  H.  T.  5gJ 

C91 

Eme..un.W.J.40l 

Fauitell,  C,  BA 

Duwtiie,  J.  303 

EnHerby,  R.  D.912 

Ea.lyn,Viic;'l.«i40S 

F.U.,  E.    404.     R. 

DowEon,  E.  W.  915 

EuilRke,  E.  653 

Empion,A.  J.  590 

W.  537 

Dontun.T.  S.  1U3 

Emcon,  G.  G.  sa 

a'Ende.CBaronut, 

Fa«ll,  R.  8S 

Doyle,  Col- SifJ.M. 

EbringioD.   T.   W. 

653 

Fawcetr,  S.  0.«». 

132 

0S9 

EnKlcbeicI,    N.   U, 

T.536 

Doyne,  C.  H.  304 

Ebixurth,  II.I.498 

109 

F.yk.  C.  V.  439 

Ur>kE,  J.  F.  6ii 

Edep,Comoi.H.84. 

EnBli»h,J.  3S5.  J. 

Feeibaiii,  R.  3t4 

Dfeaper,  J.  3S8 

Hn.  C.  P.  63S. 

T.699 

PellJen,W.L.«I 

D™  «.  D.  549 

W.  639 

Erie,  P.  69S.     Sir 

Fell,  T.  Jun.  Mi 

Dfiffill,  E.  63T 

Ed|ar.  M.G.4S5 

W.  SOS 

Fello»t,,Mn.a.SSl 

Uruniman<l.  0.303, 

Eilg^l,  E.W.  541 

Erlc-Dr»»,S.C.E.S. 

Fenner,  G.  SJl.    C. 

401.      Hon.  Mrs. 

698 

B.  T.  SIS 

M.  BS.      }.  Sib. 

Bduiondtionc, 

Fenion,  W.  SU 

M.  324 

Cram.  W.  530 

537.    R.  207. 

Fen-ick,  E-CMt 

Dublin,  Archbp.  of, 

E-lmundi,  E.  594 

Erikine.J.H.  B40. 

T.6«9.  J.E.AJW 

309 

Ed>tardi,A.W.  ESS 

M.  911,  913 

F,:nlinw.d,    M.  T. 

DuBaatay.F.H.193 

E.  t09,  393.     H. 

Eicbrr,  A.  196 

305 

Du    Caiic,    E.    306. 

541.      J, C.  496. 

Eipin,  T.  G.  409 

Ferguson.    C.   W7. 

LI.  J.  S3T 

J.M.S90.L.S41. 

Eiion.  Mr..335 

E.  85.     P.  tn. 

Dudley.  C.  ea 

Ll.C.909.  9.541. 

EMcouri,  C.  E.  699 

R.  W.  IM 

Dnrd«l»,a.303.  W. 

W.E.303.  W.H. 

Eluuih,  C.  496 

Ferr*t».    C'tew   of 

99 

en 

Eoiiace,  (t.  403 

304 

Duke,  M.  as 

£gi>i,  C.  651 

E.aui,  A.  M.  534. 

Fetrjnc,  lU  G.  Ist 

Dumayne.  F.S.304 

Eserlon,   La.ly    M. 

E.  401,699.     E. 

Fewtrell,  F.  SOS 

304.  L«..Ci>l.  Du 

T.403.  G.S.39). 

F(oli[e(,A.M.B.«ll 

403 

Pre,  401 

H.  401.    J.  199, 

Pfnnce,  M.  O.  SIS. 

Dnnbtr,  Mr>.  B4 

E(lM.l<.n.    Earl  of. 

430.  L.698.  Ha- 

T.  R.  W.  SM 

Uuiicnn,  U.ZIl.  J. 

03,  636 

lor-Grn.SirDet. 

Field,  A.  A.  4M.  0. 

E.AOA 

Eiloari,  F.  697 

401.     H.  F.  498. 

E.698.  J.V9AMK 

Dui.co»hf.      Hon. 

Ekini.W.'iH 

S.  (;s4.  T.R.404 

Ll.  E.  403.  W.S. 

Mr..  SSI 

Elan.,  E.  305 

Eflnion.  E.R.  699 

309 

Donil«,  A.M.  eafl. 

Elaud,  E.  549.     G. 

Evtleigli,  T.  499 

Pi»ldinK,0.97.    I. 

1                   Cxpi.  Hull.  R.  S. 

69a 

EvereX,  Mrt.  8S 

97.    Mn.U« 

I                   199.  C*|>t.H.CV& 

EIJ.J.596.    M.393 

Ethan,  M.  533 

F.LIer.  Capt.  W.  *. 

ElJer,  E.  8-t 

Eylet,  R.  W.  54S 

499 

^                4C4 

Elderton.  F.  F.  591 

Eyre.   Col.  W.  83. 

Fiii.tii.p.v.M.aai, 

^k          Dunlop,  A.  C.  9M 

Elfin,  C'lettof  84 

Lt..Col.  W.  83 

4M 

'' 

n 

/iirf«  (0  JVom«. 

679 

g 

^'MgMt,  T.  194 

Purilcr,J..137.   W, 

CiirUliicr,  G.    .i3M 

a.i.  L1..UI.499. 

riii,:ii.  MiHM.aio. 

427 

J.  3a6,  649.     M. 

M.323,  S24.  W. 

S.  M.  L.  85 

FortMcue,  G.  04 

B.  630 

H.ae 

PiiiiiWr,  M.  101 

Puti,  B.  M.  99 

Gardner.  C.  309 

Girline,  W.  648 

Piiiley,  J.  I9!i 

Poller,  A.  65  J.     P. 

Gariii,  A.  .106 

Gladitone.  C.  913. 

FinnBy,  E.  403 

T.8I3.  H.W.594. 

Oarford,    K.    594. 

Mr^  Cart.  591 

nnU.Ll.J.H.SIO 

J.  6*8.  8.M.«ri 

T,  103 

Glanvilk,  J.  A.  86 

Pi.h.Mr..  A.  4JI 

Foulkei,  E.  .-(84 

Garland.  J.  G.  430. 

GUigo*.  J.  195 

Fitlicr.  C.  699.     E. 

Puuii»ii>r,B.T.))'i 

N.  A.  695 

Glau.  G.   1).   334. 

B.3II.     M.54^. 

Po»liT,  J.  N.  igj 

Garneit.   Mr>.    W. 

Milt  liJO 

M.  M.  ssa.    H. 

Pen,  E.  404.  J.430. 

85.     W.  B.  401 

Gtaix-,  A.  M.  396 

F.  306 

S.   100.      T.  W, 

Ganiuni,  D.  539 

GlaibtDuk,  It.  &9I. 

F..kc,  S.  E.  SS4 

196,  401 

Garrard.  E.  196.   S. 

R.  914 

Pitch,  C.  igs,  659 

Futb.ll.  B.  103 

403 

Glaisbfook,   N.  8. 

niEcUrenee,   Capt. 

Fr.HC^  J.  SB 

Carratt,  L.  304 

638 

Lor  J  A.  40 1 

Pfinri.,  F.  J,  593. 

Garrell,  T.  635 

GI»dowe,    R.   W. 

Fil.Ger.W,F,C.iaS. 

R.  P.  6jl 

GArrlck,  L.  Hi 

193 

Ll..Gei.,SlTJ.P. 

Frinlii,  J.C.  304 

GarlU«ailr,J.D.3!7 

Gle<!«aiie«,   A.   H. 

IflS.    Mil.  ff.  S. 

Frmer,  J.  i49.  Lt.- 

Gateoiniie.  Mr*.  T. 

4U4 

V.  193 

Col.   G.  a.   199. 

193 

CWfg,  D.  650 

Fi..g.r.lJ,  R,6il 

M.SI3.  .\I.A.3i!4 

Gaatlee,  A,  L.  659. 

Gleiiny,  J.  99 

Pin  HerbeM,  0.  D. 

Fr««bairji,J.G.383 

a  659 

Glover.  J.  84.403. 

.139.    Mr>.  626 

Prccbom,  T.  477 

Catcumbr,  R.  SIO 

J.  H.  533 

PluPllrtck.  P.  404 

FrttUnd,J.  G38 

G.iulter.   A.    P.    P. 

Glyn.  G.  C.  309 

Pii«mv,ll<iD.H.3t)S 

Ftcrtii.g,Mri.C.R. 

494 

CtynK.G.  R.430 

FiIlRoj,  LaJjL.L. 

193 

Gav<y,  G.  E.  1.45 

Giidfery,  W.  193 

Frecm»n,  A.  SB.   C, 

Gay,  W.  195 

G«irr.y,  B.  L.  83. 

Fitiw«lljii(f.     Mr. 

J.   651.      e.  101. 

11.85 

810 

S,  910 

Geldatt.  T.  C.  69C 

GDd«<>i,G.  109.    J. 

Pluck,  Cipi.  sod 

Freer.  J.  B.  3o6 

Cell,  U.  H.  N.  JV9 

699 

FUh.uU.Ho...  S.S. 

Prceth,  P.  H.69.'> 

Crlttur<,  H.  84 

CnfT.  J.  409 

L.  E.  dc  9H 

Preix-h,  F.  S;o.   R. 

Gem.  J.  541 

GoldKhniid.    M»>1. 

Plimniik,  S.  5^9 

J.39I.     U.  J.G. 

Ccmmell.Mr..  650 

409 

Fleming.  J.  84.  Mn- 

B.  S39 

CcorE-',  E.  409 

Goldahedt.  T.  98 

jor-Gcii,  V~  519 

F«r.,  C.  M.  T.  513 

Grpp,  E.  W.  99 

Gold,icid.S.i;.  184 

1       Flrtcli»r,K.6«:,6S3. 

F.iell,P.649 

G«m»i..  A.  659 

GoM.n.iih,Mr.334 

F.306.  H.T.69S. 

Fripp.  C.  S.  I9J 

Cuing,  S.S40 

Gxmni.  M.  698 

J.9I3,  3VI.    M. 

Fciich»,  G.  S*D 

G>l>bo.  P.  R.  194 

G.,mperi^B.539 

H5.     W.  98 

Fritb,  E.  65G 

Gibbon,  W.  fi4 

Guueb.  M.  A.  86 

Pltlclier-B<'»iliM', 

Fry.  W.  3*1 

Gibboi.1,  G.  H.49a 

G..ud»ll,  r.  696 

J.  F.  eoa 

P,,..,  M»i«r  W.  6.S4 

Gihbi,  G,  497 

Cood»biid.M...W. 

Fl..ckto[.,  W.  395 

Fo»r,  A.   E.    100. 

CJbioii.A.I9S.     J. 

G.499 

Ploud,  Lt.  E.  97 

Miti  M.  4^7 

811.695,     W,8« 

Goudr,  R.  540 

Flamcn,  R.  N.  40J 

Fuller.  J.  IM'.  L'.- 

Gldley,  P.  397 

Gciudctr.  J.  311 

KlDvJ,  M.  J.  650 

Cil.  F.  100 

G^ITard.Mn.  IH  Ii. 

O'H'dcet.W.  F.  101 

Fluy.r,W,H.C.3!6 

Fulli™«,M»JorG. 

B5 

Gu»dba11.   Mo.   B. 

Fort".    L'.-C^l.   J. 

619 

GifTord,  E.  11.  695. 

650 

195 

Pulley.  J.  396 

J.  84 

Geodlike,  H.C.629 

Poky.  Lt.  Hon.  P. 

Furnco,  M.  t09 

Gilberr.  r.  636.    E. 

0.>udcaan,  G.  194 

A.  635 

Fvrr,  C.  H.  393 

O.IOO.  J.P.fi36. 

G<K«l-in.  H.  696 

Foliar,  M.  3SC 

Fylrr,  Major  L.  SOS 

Mrs.  Car'.  409 

Goldoii.  A.  M.  100. 

Cib«rt,G.H.B.304 

Gill<i>rne,  J.  L.  303 

C.   99.     E.   431. 

431 

Gabet.  Paib«  37 

Gilchn»(,A.  S,  39i 

G.   I>.  649.      G. 

FuuicComm.H.R. 

GadJ.  F.  49T 

Gildta.M.  305 

J.R.  519.    Rear- 

Ctgt,  Adm.  Sir  W. 

Gilo,  E.  649 

Adm.   Sir   J.  A. 

fc,      P«,u.tt.  R.  Si2 

H.6S5 

GilkiioD,  1>.  404 

il9.69i.     L>.A. 

L    Porbf.,  Dr.  J.  .10!. 

CaiUkfll.J.  536 

Gill,  E.  599.     P.  S. 

C.590.     M.  101 

m      E.C.a«l.   M.J.T 

Qiilinut,  M.U.  913 

5-i9.    G.  J.  84 

Corf.  C.  A.M.  306, 

P      -   ^3.    VI.  AU 

Giie,  H.  590.     K. 

Giltan,  W.  C.  697 

Hon.   Mr*,   loe. 

■                    KW.UI 

303.&9U.  9.M.6V9 

ffilUrd.  K.  T.  394 

Lr..Col.    tr.    K. 

■                    '.A.  113 

Galloway,  C'lCH  of 

Gillbanki,  J.  MS 

909.      Mitior  O. 

^^^^       ^Col.C. 

Hi 

Gilletpie,  W.  396 

M»  of  99 

^^^fc      'VCol. 

Gune,  B.  M.  S90 

Glllelt.J.  A.  397 

GorhaiB.  J.  581 

^^^H 

Gauc,  C.  m 

Gippi.  F.  303.  699 

Goi»,J-W-e5l 

^^^L        H 

Gatb«t-,M.  A.533 

Glrdkitone.  B.  B. 

GoMMi,  P.  N.  194 

ri 

W               674 

7«Jm  f  o  A'mm*. 

1 

1                       GMic.  &  M.  H 

GfihUe,  C.  Ml 

Jl>tl»c«,  J.  C.  M. 

filial  mi 

■                    CwiU.  J.  M 

GriOii,  Dr.  H.88^. 

SIO 

H.  H.  97.     Ub* 

HiJl.,  J.  J.  323 

Hart,    F,  S94.     G. 

■                    Trimu,  F.  S.  SIS 

M.sa 

Hall-ud.  E.].3«5 

B.  101.    M.  iK 

■                     G«er,  llMi.  r.  l- 

Gnffith,    Uut    M. 

Htlfiu.  V.  H.6i9 

Hait{«vit.  W.  S4 

■                         194.     W.  6«; 

SIS.     S.  U.SI7 

Uunbroufh,  U .  E. 

H«fiii.«.  J.  T.  its 

■                     r.oymt>.  A.  IW 

Gridlib..    A.    1S3. 

53i 

HaT*»t.  E.D.3S4 

■                    6net,VttA.PMi. 

C»pt.  \V.  8.  625. 

Harrej.    D»«    E. 

■                         £.912 

E.  e*.  ?K-.     E. 

H.  103.     F.  192. 

SJT.    C  3U.  N- 

L                   Qntm^fiU.M^ 

C.10I.     H.3S4 

i.A.iae.    M.L, 

3S4.     W.  441 

^^^—        Gnb>Bi,Ca|>t.J.J. 

Grin.  F.  »aj 

S«4.   Mr.«J.J04 

Har-ar,  J.  U.  Ufl 

^^^L          303.    C  C  6S7. 

Grigmm,  W.  5.  84, 

Har«.nl,  H.  S53 

^^^H           Ladr     H.     3M. 

30£ 

439 

H.r-«J.  Mt%.  6U 

^^^M          Miu  M.  M.  6S4. 

Grincc,  C.  CSH 

Htmii,  M.  538 

^^V           T.303 

H.iit,«ry,  Han.  A. 

Httivm.J.in 

G™*.,  a.  326 

F.  85 

E.  1I.306.    M.A. 

Hu»ll,  J.  CM 

Granger,  P.  40S 

Utoora,  A.  650 

ass 

UMt>r,A.5a3 

Cnr,l,   A.   R,    84. 

HmcMk,  F.  W.  L. 

C.U*si,    F.sa?. 

3S3 

B3.     MnWF.  W. 

Uaicb.  E.  W.  BS 

H.   3S3.     J,   »«. 

Croitbe.HiuCesi 

L.303 

UaulMril,  Rt.  Hw. 

J.P.8I3.  Mn.((K. 

Gtoodnct,  R.  334 

llaodujdr.  A,  541 

J..Wi 

G(inibun,l.t.-Col. 

GfuVBT,  8. 101 

Hand.,  J.  304 

Ualfirld.  M.C.  lOO 

T.8Cr8 

GravM,  H.  G.  84 

HiDdjrtid*.  R.  es5 

IIa>l.a*.,,ftLm 

Grwville,  T.  W.  H. 

Gr>lli,  J.  M.  85 

U-oh«iii.t:.|.i.iii 

Halkcrel).  M.  «03 

m 

Goat,  J.  437 

E.  A.  54S 

Halton,  J.  U 

Guitin,  Ll-CoLJ. 

Guild,  C.   A.   404. 

H.Bkcr,  U.  H.  B. 

Ha.«,  R.  193 

6iS 

G.3S6 

5S0.    Mn.  B.  B. 

Ha-kef,Vk*.A«fc 

Gr»ea,     A.     101. 

Guillimore,K.do*. 

403.    T.  30J 

E.  4Ul 

Hon.  T.  L.  I9(i. 

Vltc'tn*  650 

H»nn»x,J.  Slj 

Ha*ki»,  C.  M.  C 

W.  H.  SIS 

HMn.?,  J.  F.  19« 

N.  195.    e.  IH. 

Gr«.  E.  430.     G. 

Cu..thorp.,Ll..Col. 

U>n>a...  C.  A.6SH. 

H.   85.    y.  u. 

40*.      H.    S!3. 

iJSi 

E.  303,  520.     G. 

U.  A.  fi?9.    V. 

U.  W.  651 

Gurdiin,  E.  b<i3 

S.  194 

W.  401 

Gre»»ei,  C.  L.  3!G. 

Guroey.Mn.W.H. 

H*rdii>e,  L.  638 

I!»-onl..E.L.M>. 

T.  A.  L.  S« 

304 

HBrdins>,J.E.9lo 

J.F.98 

RrMit,  A.  543.     E. 

Gatcb,  G.  H.  6S4 

H»tdo.«n.J.  A.  86 

lt»ta>D>.C.E.&JI 

J.  401.    M.  639, 

G»*ikm,M.A.6So 

H.rd»ict.,S.E.6SB 

Haj.  Capt.  *.  S.  U 

6fr3.    ».  SI3 

GwiUiaiu,C.£.  699 

H.rd«icke.  M.  B5 

5J0.    C.  R.  Ct&. 

Gr«rt.*,  Bmoo  303. 

O-*'!"'.  H.3U5 

Har^,  C.p..  E.  F. 

G.D.654.  S.SM 

E.    B.   215.     T. 

C,*,  ML.iS.  P.  103 

G*B.     F.  L.  C4». 

H«5«,  P.  W.  «M 

101.     Ml»  ill. 

Hick.  L.  3S4 

L«ly  A.  M.  403. 

Hajicy.  C.  59 

M.  T.  403 

H>rkel,E.  30e 

Ven.  J.  C.  84 

Hayn...,,  M.  U  A. 

Crnnbam.R.  194 

HKkc(i,P.C.42:. 

llar<l.  Dr.  401 

I9S 

Grwnhill,  C.  M.  85 

S.  L.  196 

ll<>rp..e,E.A.F.435 

H«y<.«,Mn.8.m. 

GrM»Uiid,W.J.43a 

Hidde...  E.  538 

Hufifid,  K.  Hi 

W,  331 

Hadi...  M.  U.  195 

H«I«,d,  E.  99.  H. 

H««»nl,    E.  4 A 

OlW>ty-  C.  J.  SS3. 

H.dl.y,  W.  S.  114 

M.  629 

F.M.404.   S.HI 

^^            E.L.ao&.    F.4SS. 

Uof,  Ll.  M.  4SG 

HMgrr,  E.  653 

Uatfoo,  P.  8|« 

^^^h 

U*kc*cll,  E.  C.  194 

HarcnTct,  W.  iiU 

HeJy.J.4W 

^^H          C.6X$.    M.MS. 

Halp,    C.   C.    403. 

Uxrcr.!!*..,  F.43a. 

H.ap,  W.  W.  f  10 

^^B       M.  w.  en. 

W.aaa 

Mil.  6i6 

Hr«b,J.  MJ.     S. 

^^H          63».    T.43ei 

U<d«>,  G.  403,  695. 

U.r>.««,,H.lL4S5 

438 

^^^^H      CrsKiuii,  C*pt.  W. 

J.  4S9.   R.  am 

Harper,  S.M.  213 

HmiI.c»i«,  C.  MC 

^^^H          48a.    W.  418 

H>irt.R],P.S.C.5VS. 

HiirriM,G.C.F.6S9 

Rrailay,  ITwCU 

^^^H      Crtfr>,C.6ao.    T. 

H.  Si.  J.  305 

Harria,  C.  306.     E. 

HBlimM,  C.  SI) 

^^F          SIS 

Hilh«>,Hn.P.53i 

649.     H.  100.  ;. 

Haly,  Mn.  VIS 

^^"        OrMiWl,G.G.  101. 

U.lI,C<pl.  H.  I!I5. 

303,     J.  P.  195. 

HeiMKonb,  J.  IL 

f                        M.  U.   I9G.     M. 

Cunm.  W.  K.84. 

R.    K.    4S9.    S. 

6S0 

1                        E.IM 

E.S4g.  EM.I95. 

SIS.    W.33i 

HenchoUD.  P.  49G 

■                    G[MM)t<.H.E.  ESH 

0.83.  H.sar.  J. 

HartiMt>,A.E3SS. 

H«r.d»».  W.  523 

■                    Grfy.    P.    S.     ait. 

8.588.     Mf..  A. 

E.   .SSJ.    E.    W. 

Hn.<l(r>.«,  14.  B. 

E                        Ha...     Mm.     C. 

H.JiSl.     S.  lOi', 

651.     G.  «4.    JI. 

tf49.  R.  at.  W. 

■                        IBi.      Han.   W. 

so: 

R.  485.  J.  9B.  M. 

«« 

m                      &I9.    J.  J.  403. 

U«lkU.Ll.C.T.40V. 

C53.    Mti.  L'.  11. 

2^** 

^^^^Jjg  «.  63i 

W.K.  86 

304.    R.  B.fitt 

^" 

/«rfe*/o  JtfoBie*. 

675   ^H 

Ut«\ey.L»ijiil 

Hin.l(,  Lt.   H.  A. 

Hwper,     H,    JU. 

Hume,  A.  W.  404.      ^^H 

1     Hen>»b.  A.4:io 

33t.    M.J.  534 

R.  H.  103.    W.      ^^H 

Henry.  N.  6.U 

Hap^,  C*p(.  Hon. 

^^H 

1       Htti.|ev,    Ho...    J. 

Hire,    Ci>mm.    H, 

A.  83.    U.!y304. 

Ko.<R.lc,W.U.65l      ^^H 

6SS.    J.  19?,  4(11 

6.S3 

S.  435.     W.  85 

Hi<>..,  C.  R.    101.      ^^M 

Hpnty.  S.  B*i 

Hileli,    J.    W.    A. 

Hopklni.  E.  P.  Be. 

H.U.ti3T.    Mn.        ^^M 

31S           t 

J.G38.  W.H.I93 

R.T.4.10.  S.3i3                  I 

99 

Hilcblii,  W.  D.  S38 

Hopper,  A.  541 

Hunter,  E.  541.  J.                  1 

H«r.pjHb.   G.  540. 

Hot,  M.  5i3 

Hoppn».  M.  323 

C.  9in.     Lt.  J. 

Mra.  E.  SH 

Ho,r(.  A.  M.  401. 

Hupwood,  J.  648 

SI4.   M.  430.   S.                   J 

Nerbcri.CRpi.Hon. 

E.835.   Q.T.S30. 

Hornblo»«r,A.6S2. 

538                               ^J 

P.  B.  83.    Cipt. 

H.A.196.   B.5S3 

J.  E. 326 

Hurdle,    Muai   T.       ^^H 

P.  541.    Hon.  P. 

Hobbi,G.334.    H. 

Hornby,  J.  lUO.  M. 

303                             ^^M 

E.   fl3.     L.  497. 

G49 

543,650.    R.  193 

H.>rrfll,J.  193              ^^H 

Mi)orC.403.  M. 

Hublin,  F.  !19 

Home,  M.jnrA.8.1 

Hurry.  E.O-C.  653       ^^H 

R.  rgs 

Hookin.  P.  401 

HoribruBh,J.H.S39 

Hurt,  T.  495                 ^^1 

Heriiaman,    W.   K. 

Hockley,  A.  P.  !13 

Hurtfall.T.  B.  19Z 

Huttiand.  J.  G25            ^^H 

3e4 

HDJee(t*,M.E.)0^ 

Horifor.1,  M«JorA. 

Hno.y.W.  JOl              ^^M 

Herring.  E.SII 

H<>i)gkiii>i>ii,P.403 

H.  83.     L.  85 

Hmcl>liii,S.  103           ^^H 

Hencbtll,  G.404 

Hudpun,E.M.397. 

Horsrosn.E.  193 

Ho'cbiiKon,    1.  J.        ^H 

Heitikl.M.  S.  (i3T 

P.A.D.6S8.     F. 

Honor..  A.J.334 

GS4.    Li.   C.   T.                    1 

Herrey.LiilyA.SDI. 

C.D.65S.    G.429. 

HotchkiM,  J.  540 

537.  Mn.98.  W.                     i 

T.  5S0 

K.U.g3.   Ll.Col. 

Holharo,    E.    530. 

336 

Hetktll..  H.4'i.') 

S.404.  M.E.86. 

M.  101 

Huiiut),  A.40I.  A.                M 

H<>«lop,  E.  403 

S.S14 

HoiiJBi.»,t.l''.A.5a4 

M.  101.    T.  653.        ^^m 

Hellrr,  F.  H4 

Hodsoii.C.  D.  436. 

Hnugh,  L.  404 

403                       ^^M 

Heurlkv.  C.  A.  IS3 

L.4SG.  UM.30.1. 

Housbton,  A.  1S4. 

ButlBble,  B.  693            ^^^1 

h»ch;  l.  ise.  W. 

Mr..  J.  BS 

H.  J.  539 

Hy>m.Mr..H.  J43       ^^M 

4SB 

Hosg^rd,  E.A.  iS5 

Houlditt.<rib,     H. 

Hyhon.C.  93                  ^^M 

He..iU,MiuH.H. 

HoBge,  E.  438.     F. 

G50 

ICgoUcn.W,  H.eS      ^^M 

913 

,E.  fisa 

Howard,   Cipt.   R. 
H.304.  C.H.69H. 

llderton.S.  915            ^^H 

Heyelte,  L.dy  85. 

Ualden,H.3a3.    J. 

llei,  J.  H.  G36              ^^H 

S.  A.  E.  88 

R.  402.  w.ess 

J.  3S3,  540.    L. 

lll.ncworib,  Oen.  J.       ^^H 

Heyrifk,  A.  S43 

304,  LiidyP.fiiS. 

537                             ^^H 

M«y»<H>d,C*pl.i93. 

Hold»»orih,J.flS6. 

Mr..  K.  193.   R. 

Irslelleld.     Comm.       ^^H 

J.  IS6.  J.  J.  404 

W.303 

H.  81.      W.  5^0 

530                             ^^1 

Hlbb<rr,Mrt.L.403 

Hole,  P.  M.   404. 

Hutiarlli,  Mn.  304 

Ingli.,  M.  L.  659.      ^^M 

H.ck,  £.  184 

M.  H.  6S6.      W. 

Howe,  Hi«i  E,  194 

^H 

HiekM,E.  541 

.■i03 

Ho»ll,CipI.J.99. 

Ineriiu,  P..  430             ^^H 

Hickie,  W.  C.  £99 

Holl.nd.C.  I.  4S8. 

C.H.593.  M.eiT 

Iixnjtn.C.  <i'9B              ^^H 

Hieki,   G.   M.   86. 

Mr«.  W.  304 

Hobb-rd.  P.  C.  531 

limei,   E.   C.   499.      ^^H 

8.538 

Holli,  W.  635 

Hubberily,    R.   C. 

G.   909.      G.   A.      ^^H 

HiMin.Dr.W.SSS. 
Jt.  S3I 

Holioin,  S.  333 

303 

549,    Mr>.  A.  M.       ^^M 

Holme,  E.  H.  6!9. 

Hod,on,D.  M.3S9, 

69S                                ^^H 

Hi(|tii.i,U.H.409. 

C.  194.    J.  ais. 

336.    E.  305.    P. 

Inikip.C.  SIS.    E.     ^^H 

A30.     S.  H.40S 

M.sai.  T.H.SSO 

699.     H.A.  194. 

^^M 

Bitcinxi".     t^-   ■'■ 

Holmei.  H.W.306. 

W.  E.  335 

^^H 

m.  J.  fi37 

Mt«.W.«*C.  193. 

Huff.  E.  193 

IreUiid,  Lora  Ch«n-                     ■ 

Hi|!hmDr.,N.J,5e4 

R.  540.    s.  in. 

Uuffim,  G.  E.  i»4 

oell..r.dsi>.of404                  T 

Hildcbrtnii,  H.  SSti 

T.  W.  eSD.    W. 

Hng»ll,  W.H.695 

Iriih.  M.  0.  409 

HilJ.A.  P..  314.    C. 

909 

HughFt,  A.  J.  19.V 

401.     Uuii.C.A. 

H<>lro)d,E.302,409. 

C.C.  194.   C.W. 

lro..t,  A.399                            i 

W.   a.   N.    101. 

63B.     S.  313 

43b.     E.  C.  699. 

I.Tin..  Mr..  H.  919.      ^^M 

J.626.  UN.SIB. 

HolKorll.y.C.  331 

J.  503,533,  .139. 

W.  IBS                      ^^^H 

M.lofJ.l63.   M. 

Home.  C.  A.  E«l 

L<.-C:ol.B.G.83. 

Nham,  Udy53I          ^^H 

1        D.802.  w.  aso 

of  B3.     Cleu  uf 

M.   A.   D.    305. 

l<miy.T.654              ^^H 

Hilley.  E.1S4 

531.   P.  loa 

Mri.SU.  P.594, 

A.  698               ^^H 

1      Hkiaard.  E.    D.  r:. 

Hnmrriy.  C.  J.8<; 

R.  86 

Ive.,                              ^^H 

k        irw 

Hu>.a>i.M.B.3l4 

Hu»h,  A.  C.  533 

Iiod,  1.  313                  ^^H 

1,      ,C.&.  ifla 

Ilony,  H.M.  101 

Hull.  H.  438.     H. 

J.rk.<.n.    D.    49».      ^^M 

M                 «8 

Hno.l,  UJyA.SSI. 

M..:S4.  P.  P.  404 

E.   &   593.      G.      ^^H 

^^^»    '1 

Vni.  S.  6SS 

Hulhh,  Mr..  G53 

G.  e.  \V.     ^^H 

Huuf.  H.654 

Hulmc,  T,  9IS 

649.   H.t08.    H.      ^^M 

LuP.A.  33* 

Hul>i.  T.  648 

W.  534.    J.  395.     ^^H 

h 

R,«H 

HuUon.  T.  536 

j.c.<oa.  {.if  i^^J 

H^ 

ViP 

I^H 

^^M 

[                 676 

Index  lo  Namtt. 

1 

f                     S9l.    L.  M.  101. 

JonK,  A.  101.     C. 

Kent,  E.E.  M.es. 

M.jor-Gen.    J. 

S.  404.     C«l.  H. 

R.303.  S.S.399. 

Und.  Capi.  J.  309           J 

SOS.    M.  B.  637 

D.    199.     D.   J 

W.  C.  M.  305 

Lane,    C   U.    194. 

T.  B.  533 

625.     D.  L.  19:t 

Keniiib,  T.  B.  B6 

Mra.«13.  Hn.F. 

Jmmii,  R.  ho 

E.   590.      E.   K 

Ker.  Mr..W.W.  193 

304.  M.A.C.I»4. 

J»e".  W.  653 

695.    E.  C.  592. 
F.  5S4.      F.   E 

Kerr,  E.  E.  404.    E. 

T.  M.  304 

J.m«fcA.54P.     U 

M.  mi.    J.  654 

Lane,  J.  U.  e9C 

L.40I.  E.S.9H 

650.  H.193,40I 

Key,S.30S.S;rJ.e3 

l.G.Isi.    M.G 

H.J.  99.   J.  540 

Krymer,  W.  S.  499 

5S0.     M.  K.  3»7 

4S8.    S.  W.62T. 

J.  M.E.305.    K 

Keyiiel,  B.  340 

Langbam.  U.  314 

T.  303,  549 

196.    Ll.-Cul.  E 

Kldd,  R.  B.  SiQ 

'                    Stiattoa,  E.  M.  C. 

W.ejS.    M.594 

Kieltey.  &  D.  86 

84,  3(>?.  303 

S3T.    J.  P.  19G 

M.J.  305.  M.K 

Kilguur.  M.  109 

Lai.Klon.     B.    S«. 

J<.i.«m,  U.9II 

B.  653.    M.  M. 

Kili>er,  W.  .UG 

UJy  A.  G.  3<M 

J><ivrin,J.  M.  498 

699.      0.  A.  G. 

Ki«deriley.F.H.3S9 

Lanijin,  M.  F.  S4I 

Jiriris,  Mra.  W.  I. 

191.    P.  303.   R. 

Kiiijt.C.394.    E.E. 

La..iun,Capt.r.n, 

193 

695.     R.  P.G4?. 

214.    J.  193.SI4. 

196 

J.un..rd.S.49a 

B.   0.   hU.      S. 

549.    R.H.86 

Lueellet,  A.  K.  M. 

J.y.  H.W.493 

541.     S.  M.  5a. 

Kiiiploii.  n,.  C.  86. 

Ud,      E.      BM. 

Jetb.  H.  629 

T.  303,  401.    W. 

G.T.  193.   M.  U. 

Lady  L.  I.  5«4 

Jee,  T.  495 

64B.     W.  E.  687 

599 

Liletrard.  H.R.I96 

JcffelT.  C.  69a,     J. 

Juy,  E.  A.  S!9 

Kinslake,  M.  541 

Lauder,  J.  S.fiSS 

G.97.    Mr..  540 

Juyce,  A.  4o9.    L. 

Kingito...  C.430 

Jtfferyi,  M.  8-1 

196 

Kii,.er,W.  H.4'je 

La»,    CM-    C.    f. 

Jeffrey!.  F.  A.  331. 

Jc.yi.Ji,  J.  698 

KiplitiB.  C.  M.  659 

519.     C.  i.   4^. 

M.40S 

Joyiwon,    Mr«.    T. 

Kirby.  L.  E.  too 

E.59I.   W.J.S09 

Jelr,Mn.W.E.  193 

103 

Kirkbr,U.  11.430 

La*rorJ.  A.  M.  9IS 

JtlUcor,  M.  540 

JuJte,  L.  E.5J6 

Kirwan,  J.  697 

Liwrcll,  J.  fi?S 

Jenkini,  A.  97.    J. 

Jupp,  8.  E,304 

Kileliener.  E.  SM. 

La»re.iee.  C.   2U, 

536,538.     M.E. 

Ju.licc.  M.  102 

J.  M.  194 

SSS.     C.  H.  403L 

911.      HKJur  G. 

Kaniey,  C.  J.  538 

KiKon,  F.  919,  541 

C.   W.   686.     H. 

K.y.  B.  305 

Killon,  H.  303 

593.  j.aae.  N. 

Jenkyn,  W.   G.  F. 

K»ye.  W.  F.  J.  303 

Klein.  F.  A.  584 

O.  M.  193 

303 

Kctne.  W.  695 

Kmghr,  E.  J.  196. 

La«i,  \V.  4tT 

jFiiiirr,  A.  H.  tgj. 

Kearney.  M.  84 

J.  498.    T.  417, 

Li«.i>n.H.44S.Mht 
1.  109.     W.  SM 

A.  L.  538 

Keate,  R.  W.  519 

654.     W.  591 

Jtmiiniti.   0.    539. 

Kemiitf,  H.  S,  302 

K.ne>>iley,  M't.  U. 

Uxton.  R,  G9S 

P.    H.    193.     W. 

KeiU,  E.  651.     E. 

C.  304 

La)(on.O.IXT.40I 

B.40J 

C.  196 

Knuotet.  J.S39 

Leach,  C.  3115 

JenyiK,  G.  195 

Kediley,  W.497 

KiiM,  Hrt.  H.  B.ea 

Letke,  Mri.tlO 

Jcphton.J.  H.6S9. 

Keeble,  Mr.  430 

Km.  J.  11.309 

U.key.  H.  P.  304 

MnjorS.  W.4UI. 

Keel,  J.  ess 

Kuelle.  S.  W.  591 

Lear.  i.  h-it 

1                          W.  84 

Keelinr.  K.  E.  97 

Kurl*rieb<.E.  313 

Leaihet.  K.  R,  4Al 

Keen. K.  593 

Kyle.    Lr-Cul.    II. 

Letter.  E.  J.  849 

Jmi«iii,C.3£0.    J. 

KeiKhlley,G.W.e4. 

D-A.  519.    Major 

Le  Broeq.  A.  &1tO 

699 

H.  U.  83 

Lee.  C.  84.      F.  IJ. 

>                   Jerutalem,  Bp.  tun 

Keigwiii,  J.  P.  695 

Kyouiion,  H.  199 

4V6.     G.  540.    J, 

'                       of  399 

Kelcey,  S.  915 

Ubouebere,    Rirbl 

30.1.  M.  100.  Mn. 

Jervi..T.  SI 4.    T. 

Kell<i<tay,J.  n.  498 

Hon.  H.  83 

T.  H.  193.    R.T. 

B.  404 

Kelly,  J.  403,  654. 

Uee.  M.  »» 

594.     S.C.403 

Jet'aw.  E.  G.  UJO 

W.  B.3I9 

Ljtcy,  S,  E.  910 

Lee.W.rner.  A.  H. 

Jutop,  Mr>.  J.  6S0 

Kel»ll,  H.  519 

UGrinte,  K.  E.M. 

IS6.     S.  H.  SOS 

Jetton,  B.  P.H6 

Kemliall.  V.  C.G5I 

541 

Leedl,  R.  M.  4t% 

Jchnt,    F.   T.    85. 

Kewpe,  J.  E.  84 

Lake,  Hon.  V.  109 

Lrekf.A.  I09 

Mr*.  L.  650 

Kemplon,     M.    M. 

Lakin.  Mrt.  H.  403 

Leei.    E.    CS«.    J. 

Johuton,    C.    650. 

409 

Ully,  E.  394 

Lad.  99 

[                     F.    H.   404.      J. 

Kendall,  A.  £.306. 

Uail>,  E.  85 

Le   FebTre,  Coon. 

1                     59?,  538.    J.  K. 

E.  G5I.      H,  E. 

Lembar.!.  M.  593 

N.  590 

1                     86.     J.   H.   !ISI. 

393.    J. 385.   W. 

Lambe,  T.  B.  3«S 

Leh«ii«b.B.  B.e9T 

■                  U.  .C»l.  1).  E. 

403 

Lambert,    A.    655. 

Lejafd.  L.  H.  sn 

1                    S19.     Mlt>   499. 

K edy,A,A.S43. 

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LeGeyl.  C.  J.  »». 

t                    T.653.   T.E.IOI 

C.430.    S.  J.B6 

Umbton,  UJy  A. 

F.  M.  698. 

k               Jutiniion,  U.  6io. 

Kenney.l,.  393 

306 

Lrel..Capl.C.a30« 

Leich,  C.   L.   IM. 

■                    J.  R.  909.  8.3S3 

K*»n)i>...  C.  J.  S3i 

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k^J^MlM.*,  H.  404 

IUM*ir,O.R.  194 

Unca>Ur,ll.H.3il 

S.5I9.    J.«3«. 

Indtx  to  Name: 

6T7      ^^1 

Ldlb,  H.S.  F.  3-21. 

Lo.  M.  J.  305 

Lionl,  K.  543 

M'Surlcy,  U.  \s'i          ^^H 

J.  F.  2ia 

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LywglH,  H.  p.aag 

Macwblri^r,  H.  A.        ^^H 

LencT,  L.  b6 

U.k,  C.  S.  30G.  M. 

M«herly,  F.  H,  305 

^^^H 

Lcniiinl,  Ur<.  T.  B. 

F.  sje 

M><'Brln<ry,M.E.lg4 

Modin,  G.  401                ^^H 

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Lacker,  II.  334 

M«ol>»n,Col.F.9]1 

Maddy,       gUH                  ^^H 

Leniioi,  M,  A.  534 

Utkjer,  S.  649 

McBcH>i,  E.  V.  M. 

M>gill,U.i93                  ^^H 

Lconiri,  F.  B.  695 

Lofiui,  L"rd  A.  S3 

650.    J.  584 

Mignay  U.  6S3                ^^H 

Lrrroit,  G.  1'.  4PS 

LamM,  M.39T 

Mt'«rron,Mf.  491 

M.guire.  J.  F.  3l».        ^^H 

U>i.ith.m,  H.  m 

London,  G.  304 

McClieft.ie.  Uest 

199                    ^^1 

lAilio.  J.   W.  518. 

Lone,  M.  M.  393. 

M'Clurr.Comm.R. 

M>b.>i<y,  P.  909             ^^H 

H.  A.2II.   Mrf. 

Mn.  W.  J.  193 

.1.  Le  M.  530 

M.i.,,J.395                     ^^ 

531.  T.  E.c.asi 

Lonsden,  J, R.  199 

M-C«».be,W.J.49S 

Miioootine,  E.  A. 

LtMurf,  1).  C.  Sil 

l^ngfiel.1,   E.   SSa. 

McCoLHcll,  Mr*.  J. 

195.     M.  A.  B6 

Lciltr,  J.  W.  303 

M.  3Ud,  401 

A.  304 

M.irM,M.A.GS4 

L'E.l«i.|!».  G.  84 

Longn A.  GS3. 

M'Culloch.T.  fi99 

M«i.i«,J.  194                 ^^ 

,     L«.in,  E.  E.  &SS 

Mrt.  J.  T.  85 

M-CulJom,  M.  M. 

Hoithnd.C.M.IOI.        ^^1 

Utingp,  Hun.  Luily 

Lonr>or(li,  J.  igi. 

3SS 

Mn.  B.  85                  ^^1 

LeH».J.  303 

T.  J.  594 

McD..t»U,  J.  MO 

MAlcoln>,  G.  S39            ^^H 

L.wi,n.....  S.  539 

Luor,  M.  A.  H.  394 

Huedonild,  A.  3S1. 

Male.  E.  63S                  ^^H 

Lr»i.,  C.  SS6.    E. 

Lord.  S.  C.  590 

C.  P.  B.  403.    J. 

M.Ua,       053               ^^H 

541.    F.  .304.  524. 

Loriiie,E.H.8S,iy3 

83.     U.  C.  593 

Motine,  3.  304.    L.      ^^^H 

0.  C.  83.   J.  306. 

LoueIi,  C.  C.  403 

M«e-Do„nel1.C.E. 

334                             ^^^H 

Mr>.  C.  W.  .304. 

L<iui>da,  F.  401 

33C.    J.  C.  304 

Milliim,  E.59I             ^^^H 

Mr>.  M.  653 

L()vM,T.A.L<.r>Hul 

McUonnrll,  Miijor, 

M*ll>rd.W.J..m        ^^H 

Uy.  W.  5J3 

Luvell,  Mn.  84 

135 

Mullet,  r.  101               ^^^H 

Li.hB.W.   De>t.   ..f 

I*w,  8.  I9.i 

Mti:Doi.eill,E.53S 

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t.H.H.<)«o...t6S8 

Lutti.   e.   C.   699. 

McPou;,ll,H.J.9H 

Mali-ii,  A.  S.  S9g.      ^^^M 

LlJildl,  Hon.  H.T. 

H.  303 

W.  D.  86                  ^^^H 

19! 

Lu»nd(i,A.430.  K. 

103 

M>iid«villc.Vi«--iM      ^^H 

L)ddcrJil(^,Mr«.39G 

M.98.   T.M.210 

M-.eG«p.r,  A.  549. 

^^^1 

LidKttt.J.  J.CS7 

U»ry,  B.  W.  304 

M.  J.  599 

Mann,  .4.319            '^^^| 

Lieht,  J.  S3T 

LOHlhcf.  R.  331 

Mncbfll,  J.  T.  6.1(1. 

LlKhifuot.C.  333.  R. 

Uiley,  J.  4U3.  649 
Loy.lc.BJl 

M.M.403.  K53I 

Minn*mg,A.  H.307.     ^^^H 

913.     S.SI4 

MidiHo,h,  M.  M. 

J.99.    W.T.I92      ^^^H 

Lilley,  r.  E.  38T 

Loynti,  T.  911 

391 

Marxtl,  C.  M.  305.      ^^^H 

Umcrick,   R'.  Rev. 

Lu«d,  L.  651 

Miick«rnc>.t,H.S.e4 

3U5.     Mn.      ^^H 

W.  Lord  Bp.or  303 

Lubbock,  c.  in 

Mr>ck»,HDn.S.404 

^^H 

LI..Jpn,B»ron»i»d« 

LucM,  Caix.  C.  C 

M»kfchi.ie,  S.  98 

Mxiingli,  Opi.  J.      ^^^1 

304 

194.  E.A.86.  H 

.Mackeniie,   A.  W. 

83                         .^^H 

Lindley,  L.  A.s;3 

C.  100.  L'.  J.w 

S19.  e,S.N,403. 

Liniloc,  R.  K.  It>2 

331 

H.  <i^0.    I.  39.1. 

393                                ^^^1 

Liiidt.y,  J.  H.  Gft:l 

LuJIlw.  M.Jor  W 

K.538.  M*j'>rL. 

Mi.n>oti,M,A.J.t96      ^^H 

R.  3»S,  R.  D.  497 

A.  499.     S.  651 

lot.    W.  654 

Mint,  Mri.  R.  304       ^^^| 

Llndti^ll.   C>pl.    R. 

Lugar,  J,  207 

MickMry,O.S.GSI 

M>n»iiine,  J.  H.     ^^^H 

H.  519 

Lurol«y.  Mm.  C»pr 

MickU,  M.  10« 

639                             ^^H 

MiiEh>n<.  J.  F.  404 

403 

MackUinan,W,A.83 

M>pl>l'><i,H.M.6j3      ^^H 

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Mirtf.  E.404               ^^^1 

linxoo.!,  W.G54 

Luiiey,  E.  M.  403 

393.     M.S.A.r 

Mareetti,  E.  654         ^^^1 

Li|>icunib«,  E.F.649 

Luniiiiii,  L.  533 

599 

Marq<>i>,Er...A.649      ^^H 

U.l«r.  C«p..  F.  D 

LurgRU,  U>rd  196 

M'Kirdv,  Mnjur  D 

Marriatl,A.910.  M.     ^^^1 

S3.  Hun.l.M.194 

Luicaml>f.P.B.497 

E.  S19 

699.     W,  B.  637       ^^^1 

Li>ti>»el,\V.  KaHo 

Lu.h,J.A.  85.    J 

M«(le«np,A.J.303 

Marih,  B.  911.    H.                  ■ 

519 

W.  3H 

MacLewl.H.  11.539 

A.  8.1.  J.193.  T.        n 

LUlle,  M.  5S!.     R 

LutblnetoK,  A.  4$6 

Macleroy.  G.  309 

540                                                 1 

311 

G.  H.  539 

M«M»hi.o.  A.  too 

M*nhdll,B.A.303.                  J 

Uuleioo,   Hii>.   E. 

LiiUre!l,Mn.G.304 

M-Morrl..  U  549 

C.  A.  L.  S.  d94.       ^^J 

R.30S 

Luwo..,!).  43B 

M-Hurdo.M.jurM 

1.910.   J.  83,86.     ^^^1 

Lyill.  E.U.  99.  0 

G.  590 

A.  G94.    W,     ^^^H 

k   Uvd.  X>,  3ft5.    E 

V  G49.  W.H.BJ 

M'Niir.A.  523 

S39.    W.  ;.83        ^^H 

r               IB.  E.  J.  391 

Lje,  H.  i9i 

Mw..»u(hl,J.  401 

M«nii>.  A.C.  594.    ^^^H 

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Lyelt,  M.  6h-i 

McNeill,  H    L.  H 

Capl.  H.  B.  303.     ^^^H 

L»dy 

L>o...lJ.J.Ii50.    G 

194.   J.  194.   Rt 

Capi.  W.  F.  83.    ^^H 

"1 

W     Hon.  C.  B 

H"n.  D.  30S 

E.  31S,  30S.    E.    ^^^H 

699.     P.M.  ill 

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C.M9.   j" j^jj^^J 

if.  C  049 

H-Rk,  tt£j^ 

CK 

Indtx  lo  Namr*. 

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XILIH-  M.IM. 

Merilon,  W.  A.  654 

Monle.,  LoU  404 

E.  62a,  Hon.  T. 

Mn.J.3M.    >t. 

Merry,  S.  W.  B4 

Moiilresor,  Mr>.  F. 

M.  97.  U  M.  U 

Ml 

M>n<»rni.  C.  538. 

MriolFe,  Mr..  W. 

B.  193 

653.M.86.R.652. 

J.  403 

Moon,  E.  G.  ,^30. 

R.  H.  90.  8.  1»S 

M».  W.  H.  OJS 
Mulon.  A.  913 

Melt.d>,  G.  50B 

Mra.  A.  101 

Murphy.  P.  S.  3W. 

M«ur»nl.L.  H..102 

Moore,  C.  A.  649, 

Mr.  8«j.  192 

Ma«».  B.  SOS.     J. 

Meyrick,    E.    539. 

G,  B.SS7.    J.  84. 

Mu.|!r».c,  F.  540 

U.  403.    Ll.  G. 

Mi*.  325.     S.  H. 

86,193.  LtdyH. 

My«ll,  Hin  33.1 

303.    Lt.  W.  B. 

401 

193.    S.  315.    5. 

N«rt.e.  J.  99 

5J7.     M.  0.431. 

MieWI.W.H.  SSI 

M.540.  W.C.84 

Nilder.  L.  J.  8S 

Mr..  S.  537 

Michel,  Lt,-C<.l.J. 

N«nie«,  Mr..  11.103 

UuMy.  Hon.  N-  H. 

83 

Moreion,  Hoii.  Mn. 

N.pier,  CapI.H.  e. 

C.  193.    J.  S&i 

Micbdl,A.m.  W. 

P.  304 

U*wn.  D.  S24 

594 

Lt.Col.G.T.C.»3. 

H*i1>er,  F.  V.  6^5. 

MiddUmon,  M.  D. 

Marfan,  f'.H.  401. 

Lt.-Gcn.SiTW.9. 

R.65I 

427 

E.  F.  697.    E,  P. 

P.  SlO.     Mn.  C. 

M»b(!<D<i,  A.  4U3 

Middlctoi.,  F.  62(1. 

304.     J.  97,637. 

W.A.193.  SkC 

Mailie*,  G.  B.  19^ 

T.  S.  3!C 

Mn.  H.304.   R. 

83 

Moiiiin),  Mn.  3?6 

MievilU.  F.  M.  86. 

H.  84.     W.  655 

N.pper,  J.  L.  4M 

Mallbeo,     J.     84. 

Mn.  A.  A.  636 

Morier.  J.  P.  437- 

N.rM.  K.  99 

SiirEEOn,  (>'40 

Mildmay,  H.  Sr.  J. 

Mr..   t.pl.   133, 

Nub.  T.  313.     V. 

M.Uhf«s,E.J.6S3. 

3S6 

304.  H.M.F.4i7 

698 

J.  306 

MilhoiiEe,  W.  102 

Morley,  A.  T.  l!55. 

N.M>n.  W.  II.  30} 

Matlhry.  J.  334 

Mill,  G.  G.  4S(f 

i.  E.  R.  5S) 

Nuhui.  R.  313 

M*uile.  W.  J.  101 

Millrr,  A.  .S34.     D. 

Morr>l>,  S.  6:,3 

N>ylor,A.549.    G. 

M.ul..Hnn.Mr..W. 

303.     F.  W.  SO?. 

Morriee,  E.  9,  IJW. 

195,  625 

M.84 

G.G54.   W,M.B6 

F.  J.  639 

N«Ie,  Mr..  K.  SS3. 

M.ror,  J.  SUB 

Millinglon,   M.   E. 

Morril.Mi»E.333 

M.  W.  654.      W. 

Mi«,   E.  S4!.     M. 

100.    T.  S.  H4 

Morri.,  A.  M.  394, 

n.  83 

A.  497 

Mill.,  A.  11.86.    C. 

436.  A.   P.  635. 

Ne*me,  M.  !t.  402 

M«-l«*,.M.E.4iT 

H.  594 

H.   C.  G.  84.  P. 

Nrely.  A.  t.  MS 

M»A>l'l,n.U.65l 

MilixT.G.SSS.    H. 

M.  hti.    T.  VV. 

NeUoo,  Hon.  J.  H. 

Muoell.  A.  H.  S39. 

589.   J.  6S5.   W. 

404 

303 

Col.  C.  SII.    G. 

H.  303,  533 

Morrison,  E.g.  539 

T.  6ZG.     MiH  S. 

Milroy,  J.SII 

Morie,  F.  635 

H.  of  80 

211.     Mft.W.C. 

Mincbiii,  C.  KB 

Mortimer,   C.  583. 

Nev.ll,  C.  306 

85.     R.  I9G 

Minittcr,  S.  £53 

M.  439,  Mr*.  531 

Ne'llle.     Hon.    L. 

M»7.  E.  P-  4S9 

Miniier,  A.  E.  910 

Monloek,M.A.IUI. 

195.    Hon.  UA. 

M.,d.tll,C«pi.H. 

Minter,  W.  340 

M.  E.  194 

306 

L.S3 

Miiiiu,Rt.tlon.  M. 

Morloo.  R.  C.  698. 

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M»rn.  W.  196 

C'i«iof3«3 

W.303 

S.303 

Miynird,  r.A.193. 

MiolIU,  Come  C.  t. 

Mouley,  H.  IDS 

NewbX.J.  W.  MO 

VV,  199 
U*tm.  C.  W.  SIS. 

dilOV 

Matt,  M.I.  914 

Ne.cemb.S.J.GSp 

Mitchell.  E.  J.  F. 

Moubray.  E.  F.  403 
Mouel,  W.  43B 

N<i*c<iBie,G.C.&4U 

Mr..  653 

649.  H.  196,537. 

NeKComeit,    C.    C 

Uurbeek,  J.  335 

H.J.53B.    P.C. 

Moutii.  W.  Sli 

306 

M»rt,Hl»M.  G51 

437 

Mottbroy,  J.R.193 

Ne«ell,    Col.    UQ. 

Medhuni,  Mri.109 

MociE,  Mr..  W.  R. 

Moy(M,Ll.C.W.65l 

M.  A.  ail.     F. 

M..re.,  H.  6SS 

193 

Modp..  F.  W.  3S3. 

S.303 

MeciDn,  A.  V.  SIU 

Mulonj-,  C.  W.  534 

Z.  0.  389 

Ne-enbam.   E.   E. 

M.KU011.    VV.   H. 

Mot.ck.on,       Ho». 

Muneridne.H.  103 

195 

539 

Mr..  E.  686 

MullioK',  J.  R.  .103 

N»lind,C««n«.C 

M«m,  P.  53S 

Money,  Cpi.W.T. 

Mundell,  R.  C.  334 

F.  IW 

Hiirorl.Ouc<le303. 

40!.     E.97 

Mono,  H.  639 

N'vniitn.  P.    SII. 

401 

Monia.,  J.  C49 

Muiir>.,  Mr>.  dU 

R.4».  W.S.4UI 

Helbuitb,  Hn.   .1. 

Mook,  C.  J.  534 

Muiir...   My..r  W. 

Ne«n..rrh.C.rj90. 

193 

M.>nklu>d,M>iorC. 

695 

Ll.  *:.  D.  I'M 

M«l»ll!.  E.  C.  (ill. 

303.     Mr..   403. 

Muntn.  E.  A.  310 

Neopon.H.fiM 

H.     8<.     J.    C. 

Mr«.  E,  651 

Murch,  ).  43B 

N.«iaD.  W.  m 

401 

Monrv,  C*pi.  U.  A. 

Morchi>oii.F.E.54l 

Nitiletl,  U.  Afa 

MtlvillF,  S.  &19 

303.     V.  H.9T 

M«re,  E.  85 

Nirto1,J.P.  >0« 

M«<i».  A.  U» 

Mon«rrMl.E.  534 

Muriel,  F.  A.  196 

Nicbull,  L.  J.  US. 

MeiideluolKi.  KUil. 

Ma<ilitu,  Ci|>L   J. 

Morniy,     C.     Ml. 

W.  319,  US 

\^i.     i.    tt.4. 

Capt.A.53i.Ht<o. 
A.  M.  83.  Hon.  F. 

Nieboll.,    C.     8W. 

L                      ..jldiulMl.  H.  654 

UAt  B.403 

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119,  499.    G.  K. 

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pci«i.Mi.>F.  651         ^^H 

653.     H.  G.  5Ja. 

Ofeer.T.  101 

H.394 

M.e54 

Oikbir,  E.  196 

F»ii«n,G.  T.  CS7 

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Orutc,  E.  K.  :i»4 

Piftoiii.  C.  699.   S. 

P^tiruddu<^k«,A.W.      ^^M 

w.  ao6 

OrmerF>iI,   G.    4!9. 

4ST.     L.  L.  196 

^^H 

Nichulvin,   K.  &3S. 

M.O.  lUJ 

P.rlridge.J.540 

Pentcney,  W.  31 1         ^^H 

G.3S4.     fl.S38 

Otborne,  C.  S3G 

Paieoe,  K.  C.  306 

Prpperouni,  G.  A.     ^^^H 

Nkul.F.SU.  W.303 

0..ulti»i,Lady  0.85 

Pm.  1.  497 

499                             ^^H 

Nlcollt,  E.  A.  3UR. 

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M.  Vt4 

Ulbcr.  A.  543 

531 

Pi-rcevi.1,  A.  P.  908.      ^^H 

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OuUuii,  W.  635 

P.t»n»n,  D.  J.  84. 

C.  E.  4D4.    U.  9.      ^^H 

194.    G.  6i9 

OulUw,  A.M.  S14 

M.J.  196.     Mn, 

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Niibft,  A.  B.  ISA 

Oxen,  C.  430.    B. 

B.  498 

^H 

Nhuii,  F.  K.  im 

305.    J.  649.  W. 

Pjiroore.J.  P.  100 

PercivBl,  R.    419.     ^^H 

Nu*d,  G.  W.  69T 

C.  304,  398 

Palmk,  J.  394 

591                        ^^H 

Nub1t.J.-l04.    W.S4 

0«th««Ue.  A.  6Sr. 

P.ue..,  K.  541 

Perrira,  L.  403             ^^^H 

NolUh.Comm.  M. 

Mn.  E.  6S0 

Paucrson,  L.  914 

Farfeet,  E.  40-.:             ^^M 

3.635 

U<tt»ai,  e.  404 

PaliHDM,  Rl.  Hon. 

Filkin,  C.  A.  T.  591       ^^H 

Norman,  M.  0.  303 

OibuTuucb.W.  4X7 

Sir  J.  83 

Pcrkiix.  C.  399             ^^H 

Nurris.A.  S.'iO.     G. 

Od«y.  C.  5S9.     B. 

I'ltliiuK,  K.  539 

Petkt.  M.  W.194          ^^^ 

539.    J.  F.  m 

430, 53d 

Filloi,,   Hqjur  W. 

Per»m,Mn.J.543                   1 

Noribeoie.J.W.ioo 

Faekrtih.m.Hon.T. 

D.P.flS.   W.49S 

Peikell,  A.594 

NoriPiey.  A.  J.  W. 

A.  699 

Fiiul.J.313.  R.A.I93 

P.l.r.,Mr..W.U.«5 

Nsr<ui>,  M.  430 

P«dJui>,  Cuium.S. 

Faulel.  J.G99 

Peib.ek,Mn.H.540                   ■ 

Nuu,L.638.  M.G^ti 

651 

PaiinrerotF,  E.  913 

Petre,  Lady  304               ^^^ 

NutudeeJ.ae 

P»ildy,  P.  F.  H3 

P«.(i1i,J.  4*7-1.'.- 

Pftlmao.T.  549            ^^M 

Novtiii,  A.  H.es; 

P.K..   A.   539.    f. 

Col.  J.  W.  537. 

^^M 

Na.ell,  A.SIS 

H.  196.    J.  404 

S.  339.    T.  32U 

PUtli.,  W.  A.  907          ^^H 

Nuwtri,J.H.t)4,5iO 

P]i|;Ft,F.30U.  Lad, 

P»ni,  E.  H.  914. 
J.  650.     R.  315 

Pbdp>,  S.  697               ^^H 

NoHlnii.  Lt.  W.  !>9 

C.  304.     Mr..  L. 

Pbiilp.  T.  541               ^^H 

Nuim,  H.   E.   195. 

0.  es 

Pewoek,  Mn.  394 

Philipi,  R.  496             ^^M 

H.  G.   loo.     J, 

Paiec  J.  11.540 

Pcacocke,  Cant.  S. 

Phillips  G.  H.  698.      ^^H 

303.  CSS 

F4ill,S.  A.  549.  650 

P.  635 

H.4E6.  J.531.  J.     ^^H 

NuK.M^orJ.SSS 

P»UtreI,  S.  H.  306 

Prid,  H.  H.  85 

0. 69T.   Ll.-Ciil.     ^^^1 

Nuitlfig,  M.  I9S 

Paley.  L.  M.  98 

Fi;»rcp,  L.  P.  40-^ 

R.  309.    M.3IS.     ^^H 

Oikdtn,  J,  5S3 

Pslli»r,  G.  P.  196 

P«!<r«.  Lt.C.W.(i5g 

Mai«rR.N.83.  N.     ^^H 

Oakckx,   M.    6&1. 

Pilmcr,  A  M.309. 

Pearae,  B.    C.  103. 

196.  T.  539              ^^H 

M».  H.  85 

C.  659.     E.  655, 

T.  84 

Fbilloll,  A.  S34             ^^H 

Otke<,A.Sil.S.91l 

M,909.  M.A.909. 

P««r»tKi,  C.  R.  S90. 

Phil|iol.  C.  E.  591.     ^^H 

0>ikk3F,  W.  5!4 

MiMM.^tl.  Ml» 

E.  627.  P.T,86, 

84                   ^^H 

O'Brien,    C.     19!. 

S.   102.     P.  M6. 

193.   J.  84.  Mr». 

Philpoll,  J.  G.  540       ^^H 

U  R.  437 

R.e3.    W.a313. 

541.     R.  495 

Pbippcn.  T.  404           ^^H 

O'Cooiiell,  1>.  19! 

W.  H.G.  403 

Peifl,  T.  395 

Phippt,  B.  383.  Col.       ^^ 

OJdic,  Mn.  H.  11. 

P>nmur«,    F.  L«rJ 

PfMB,  A.  314.     E. 

Hun.  C.  B.  401. 

193 

83 

30G 

E.J.303 

O'Donughue,  F.  T. 

F»ri4,  C.  591 

PcaiAcM.A.  sac 

Hekvrinc,  E.H,499 

306 

Piirili,  P.  S10 

Peck,  M.  A.    193. 

FiekilMri>,M-t..539 

O'Fcrrall.J.  401 

Park,  J.  A.  193 

9.M.31I 

Pideock.Lt.G.  A. 

OitJ.t.,  A.  C27 

I'.tke,  M.  698 

Peckover.  S.  654 

339 

OgUvy,  Mm.  A.  W. 

Parker,  A.  S.  123. 

Fedlty,  F.  594 

Mercy,  J.  E.  496 

100 

C»pi.E,909.C.i.r, 

Fe.k, E.  403 

Pierrrpniil,  L«dj  A. 

OldBeld,  A.  T.  99. 

W.99.  E.A.I95. 

Peel,  Capt.  K.  403. 

C.599                         ^_ 

J.  393 

E.J.  698,    J.B. 

H.  tt.63T.     Mn. 

Pieten,  E.  539                ^^^H 

OliTer,    J.  P.  m. 

499.    J.  O.  811. 

J.40S 

PiKUll,  F.  A.  628         ^^M 

M.J.3S4.    M>i 

S.  K.  S93.     W. 

P<dc.  E.  P.  541 

Pigut.Rl.  Hon.  D.     ^^^H 

L.    191.      M.  S 

U.G48 

Petor.  W.  G.  911 

R.40i.Vic«.Ada.    ^^H 

540.     W.  654 

Ptrkeriui),  S.  395 

Peill,  J.N.84.  ev5 

Sir  H.  199                ^^H 

Olpbrru,  Ctpi.  H 

Parkti,  E.  909 

Feirce.  J.  S.  404, 

Pi|Ull,  G.  543.    J.     ^^^1 

J            A.  83 

Farkiii*Dii,E.A.W. 

Pilln.n>,C«pt.Hi>|]. 

401                       ^^M 

1       OidIuw,!'.  C.  bW 

655 

F.  T.  303 

nt«\>,  A.  C.  638          ^^^H 

i         639 

P.rk..  V.  1).  H.  194 

ivii.  Sir  w.  o.  ess 

Pile.  E.  C.  5«3             ^^^ 

ft    OpeiKhaw,  T.  H4 

F*rW.  A.  M.  103 

P<llv,Mri.CiPI.I91. 

P11kin(tan,  E.  IU9.                  ■ 

■    0«t.    C.    A.    «09 

Ptrr,  i.  C.  330 

T:e4 

J.eS9.  L.  E.  594                    M 

I              :«9.    G.  H.E 

P»rty,C.  651.     D. 

PinckKty,  Majur  F.                    i 

b ft.  305 

401.    J.  M.  536. 

Pemell,  E.  SSI 

O.  A.  83      1 

680 

Index  to  Garnet. 

^^ 

Pine,  C.  19i 

I'o«l(»,T.  W.  G27 

Pyper,  J.  21 1 

ReiidUI.  E.  4« 

Pinktify.  C.A.  13S 

Punning,  J.  626 

Pywell,  G.  SIO 

Renetu.  L.  MS 

Pinniecr,  II.  533 

Po«y.,  E.  G.   310, 

Henny,L.306.  M4- 

Piinian,  Mn.H.JI4 

3i8.  Ll.-Col.430 

Um„,UdyC.A.ai4. 

jor  H.  83 

Pilt,  Major  Hoi..  H. 

Pojer,  M.  J.626 

Mn-C*pt.R.304. 

Ren»i.-k,    J.    £54. 

401 

Pra>d,E.B.  U.  S40 

S.  86 

J.  J.  652                        1 

Rltrnmi,  L.  SSI 

Pr.tt,A.8.638.   r. 

R>drord,M>uA.2l3 

Repioa,  Capi.  W. 

Pin,  T.  SIS 

G35.  F.St.  L. 404. 

R«Hlea,Mri.T.S.1.13 

649 

Puity.  J.  F.  303 

H.  S.  194.   J.  P. 

RaikM,  Mr..R.B5. 

Revill,  S.  E.  S.'H 

PlMker,  E.  194 

403.    M.  D.  532. 

W.  543 

Re,i.»rd.nn.    M.  C. 

PUU,A.430.C.3SS 

M.  639,     P.  41)3. 

R«illun,G.W.627. 

598.     Mr*.  C.a 

^m      Pl»to*.  M.  539 

T.  626 

M.  L.  499 

651.  Mn.  B.3(H 

^^^B    Plow,  H.  A.  303 

Preiidfrg8il.M.19S, 

RiUie,  J.  520 

^^^H    nowdtro,  F.M.32S. 

310,653 

R«h«.  A.  S9.     E. 

G.  325.  UJ.9I0 

^^^V        Mri.  W.9I3 

Pfdcod,  T.  395 

.1.  ItfS 

Rhode.,  M.  328 

^^^>      Pluinpire,  E,  S,  3U5 

Prenly,  A.  403 

R>ni<y.  Major  H. 

Rihbleidalr.   RigM 

V                   PoingdeKire,  C.  CSS 

Prclloii,E.  M.S37. 

G.4al 

Hon.  Ura  85 

Pule,  Ll.-Cul.  rt.  C. 

L«dy  193.    M.A. 

RiiibGck,  M.  659 

303 

86.    W.  H.  305 

Rlulli,  E.  R.  306 

Marq.  403 

Poll.rd.  A.SIJ 

Prr¥o»t,5irG.  401 

Rklli,  J.  524 

Rienfrio,     H.    034. 

Pulwirlh,  Ri.  Hun. 

Pfice,  C.  431.     G. 

R>.lph,W.N.594 

J.  E.65« 

Daw.  Uily  4S; 

330.     G.  R.  549. 

H«tn»den,   E.    907. 

Rice.    C.    U    436. 

PoUhtk,   E.  401. 

Mr<.?ll.     Rcar- 

E.  L.  6^3 

H.  H.S52.  r.lM 

M.  a.^ 

Adm.  n.303 

RuTiihaw,  J.  538 

Rii'Urdt,   U.   313. 

Punder,  S.  6S4 

Pricktti.   Capt,   T. 

R»m.b.y,  W.210 

J.  324.     M.  65J. 

I'oiii,  M.A.  M,404. 

401.   Hra.T.  403 

Ramion.  W.  V.  536 

W.  98. 

PontfurJ,    E.    196. 

Priddle,  R.  W.  200 

Riroui,  R.  H.  30t 

Ricb<ird«uu.   C.   E. 

J.  101 

Primo,  A.  403 

Hitidiil,    D.    G98. 

196.  Mn.aZlO. 

PornunLy,  Udy  I, 

Prince,  Mi<a  lOO 

1).  Q.  695 

R.  99.  913 

403 

Princ  J.  aOB 

R.ndolph,  Mr..  G. 

RicLmund,     F.    A. 

Puolc,  J.   C.    G29. 

PfmBlc.C.H.F.195. 

G.  193 

403 

M.  0.  3!6 

J.  A.  G.  J9fi 

RungelfV.W.D.SOa 

Rickurdi,  E.  Ml 

Puore,  Ulty  304 

Prinn,  J.426 

Riinken,  M.  915 

Hirk..U,J.  A.«W 

Pope,  A.  191.   MIi> 

Prior,  C«pt.  L.  M. 

Ruitom,  H.  E.  305 

Rickey,  M.A.E.  306 

E.  lOl 

li)3.  C.4S8.  J.L. 

RubUisb,  S.  636 

BIder.C.  I9S 

pDP)>U«e1l,  Lt.  G. 

520.    J.  M.  193. 

Ravenihiw,  E.  314. 

Ridftf,  C.  540.    C. 

O.  308 

L.3S3 

G.  C.  194 

C.SJS 

P..rler,   F.  E.  SSI. 

Pcilcb«r.l,  S.  IS4 

Raw.  B.  395 

Rid(««y.   J.    eti. 

G.  T.  6S(».  J.  84, 

Piiteheil,  W.  H.a4 

RiiolingS  J.  540 

M.M.6S4 

193.    M.93.    R. 

Proby,  Capt.  G.  L. 

Ra«lin.,C«pl.T.A. 

Ri<l{>>lh.  A.  S^ 

A.  804 

403.     C.  J.  403 

404.    J.  M.  524 

Rigby,  M.S5I 

P«rtin6ton.H.E.652 

Probyn,  E.4U4 

R»*lio)«i>,   W.   C. 

RigB,  A.  429 

PuilklhoBllc,    A. 

Procter.  VV.  S07 

590,  639 

B.ley.  L.  W.  4M 

538 

Proctor,  11.  593 

Rsw«,>..,  J.  S.  697 

Rimiumon.  C.  540 

Pti(hicBry,Mi<s403 

Prullicro,  G.  5S0 

K.y.  J.  R.  652.  M. 

RIne.  C.  E.  C49 

PoiI,A.6S6 

ProiUeroc,  E.  629. 

E.496.     N.  914 

Riiijioie,  J.UT 

Putier,  A.  L.  SH. 

T.696 

Rayion,  P.  499 

R1rpinKiill,!<.H.9« 

C.  A.  537.    J.D. 

Proul,  W.  S.  303 

Re.de,  W.  194 

Robe,   Li..Ci>l.   r. 

439.     W.  538 

Pfyce,  L.  541.     S. 

Renki,  A.  S.  543 

11.401.    Lr..Cri. 

P«tin|t»r,H.A.5!l 

E.  534 

RrdKile.  T.  654 

r.  C.  649 

Poiri,  E.  J.  3S7 

Pryor,  J.  A.  336 

Rcdheid,  K.  5 JT 

Rnbcnm..r.  B.«CS 

Poulden.H.  F.659 

Pockle,  B.  536.    B. 

Redwood,  E.  SI4 

Rvberii,  C.  B.  K6. 

Paullcr,Mrii.B.6SI 

H.  404,  590,  S23. 

Reed,  J.  214 

E.  305.  E.  P.  I» 

Pound!,  J.  SIS 

R.  A.521 

Reeve,  A.  193.     F, 

Robrnw.    A.  C. 

PoMh.  A.  84 

Pudgeci,  J.  3U 

629.     Mr..J.W. 

196.  C<ipt.A.e3. 

Puwell,  A-3J3.     C. 

Pu1e«on.C«p<.304 

591 

rnjit.  C   B.  M. 

101.    G.  flS5.    G. 

Pulford,  E.  S.  594 

Reid,   E.   659.     K. 

Dr.  6.  A.  210.  R. 

A.  8.  625.   H.  A. 

PiirJrn,  J.  497 

195.    I.C.  86 

306.     H.B.  100. 

S49.    J.   R.  3U4. 

Porriw,  T.C.  651 

Rrilly,  J.  S.  323 

11.310.    Hn.A. 

U.    /.    439.      B. 

Purvii,  Keir-Adm. 

Reily,  H.C.383 

N.«l 

4SB.     W.  P.3BI 

J.  B.  199 

Retider,  M.  392 

Robini,  CM.  tan. 

Po-er.  H.   B.  195. 

Pu.ron,Pde8C 

E.M.I02.  J.M. 

J.  100.    Doirtstf 

Pym,  L.  L.  305 

Rcmminglon,  J.C. 

Ut..21).    S.40I 

Ljdy  654.     T.  F. 

rynB,E.M.U.3ao. 

537 

Ri>btiH«i>^U.6>T. 

137 

M.  65S 

RemnW,  F.  101 

C.I9J,«I?.,,*.     J 

iw 

/Olfej'  fo 

M.m«. 

681                  ' 

h33.     E.  A.  4:9. 

ttu«hioi.,M.A.SIS 

S«*il--,  E.   B.  599. 

Slifil.  J.  394 

E.  H.  5J9.    E.  J. 

RutKll,  A.a94,6S7. 

Hon.  Mr*.A.  S<il 

Sbtldon,H.6i5,  J. 

fi«3.     F.  101.    1. 

U.  KW.30fi.    K. 

Savory.  E.  698 

698 

8M.    J.3M.    J. 

6»T.     E.  0.  10«. 

Sxile,  D.  LiidY654 

W.  S3H.  U..C..I. 

J.R  6t6.  J.BSS. 

S»e -Weiinir,  Prill- 

SLrpberd,  E.  3S4 

401.     M.911.    T. 

Lord   A.   G.   »3. 

cei.  A..,f86 

Shppp4rd,A.  F.69G 

84.    w.  est 

M»)..f  4iT.     Mr. 

S.y,  Mr,.  913 

Sh.|.perri,J.  P.  193 

R..l..r>t>.  J.  G«T 

0,  SM 

S^ytr,  C.  A.403 

ii.H-i>r,cjipi.ii:.303. 

Rrm'.  R.  H.9T 

Scariri,  W.  .s?9 

Slirrar.".  S.  H.  303 

M-t.  B.  H.  m 

Rya.t,  F.  C.  D.  100 

S.hiliiii,  A.  4.^0 

Slirtiff,  J.  C.  498 

Rmlwver.    Bp.   of, 

Ryl«,d..J.  100 

Sihiieid-r,  C.  6»7 

Shirlrv.A.  C.  S.  U9T          ■ 

K.  M.  .I.U.  „f  e^9 

S'idMt,  U.  4Sa 

Scbulefielil,    C.    C. 

Sbirre'ff,  L.  430                 ^^H 

Bi«liluri,  P.  4S7 

S».I1«,  Mr..  395 

3S3.     J.  580 

Shunliri'lgr,  M.  498         ^^^H 

HoM,    J.  R.    &S3. 

SiiJlirr,  J.  199 

Scobtll,  E.  C.385 

Slii.re,  T.K.tl4               ^^H 

Him  M.  6S« 

s.ge.  M.  4S0 

Score,  C.  C.  99 

Shun,  G,  H.  195            ^^H 

R«.l«-.y,  J.  439 

S<.  H-rht,  Mn.  R5 

Sp'.h,  Ciipt.  W.  D. 

Sh..ubri.fE<',S.L.306         ^^H 

RuJoFll,  S.  B.  HI 

Si.  Cl.ir.  J.  e.  G97 

638.     B.  A.  193, 

!>hul<lb>ni,  F.M.SS3        ^^H 

Roe,  A.C.  6S7 

S>.Ccu<er,  U.5iO. 

E.  M.3S4,    E.g. 

SliQ'te,  R.  N.  404          ^^H 

R:K>ii.  E.  G.  (,29 

L.  S.  ISB 

430.       H,      43". 

ShuiilEiturib.A.  D.        ^^^M 

lli.,!««,G.sai.    H. 

8i.L.«r.  E.  I.  M. 

Mr..t.G.8S.  L. 

^^H 

&S«.      H.A.GIH. 

de9» 

E.S93.     M.541. 

Slht.y.'H.  R.909           ^^H 

s.  100,  sa- 

S«i<»,  P.  213 

M.A.C.6V9.    M. 

8id.ii.i.i.  F.  J.  909        ^^H 

Rollc(i.,.>,W.L.GV6 

S.lwb.ify,  H.  393 

E.S97.    R,H.5S0 

S>dcth>lhim.J.&696       ^^H 

Hulltt>,  M.  BT 

Salin»ii,H.IOI.  M. 

Snail....,  M.S.  195 

SiERcra.  M.  404              ^^H 

RJlliij.M.  MO 

S&t.    T.  P.4II1 

Sd¥mup,Mn.696           ^^H 

R-h,      M.j..f-GeM. 

S«l.>noi»,  Mrt.CIgR 

Se>field,Earlofe95. 

SilvHler,  T.  S3G                             1 

Sir  J.  401 

Sill,  A.  H.  19s 

P.  W.E.rl..f40l 

SiBnu^n-.T.  P.590                    1 

Romilly    R..    Hun 

S«1Urr,A.64*.  F.84 

Sf.E'*",  J.  Y.  404 

Simm.,  P.C.;lM                         1 

S.r  J.  303 

Siiliii»r(he,Uri.8S 

S'BDian,  M.  30S 

Siaon,  E.  513                          J 

R.,niilJt,  E.  G53 

8«1«>ui<,  Udv  69(1 

Sr.rl.,  0.    A.  699. 

RoUDl.I.  .'SSO 

Sinipoii,    A.    650, 

W,  L.  30C 

Nimpkin,  J.  9)1               ^^H 

Ruoj.«f.  P.  P.  81 

iJ.  M.  538 

Sraioii,  W.  590 

Sl.i>p>..ii,    A.   199.         ^^^M 

Ro|»r,    UJj.    402. 

Snmi,  Mr*.  650 

St.wtu,  e.  K.  mo 

E.  698.    J.  4H0.        ^^M 

L-fiiT 

S.muel.  M.  A.  403. 

Spbrigl.C,  Lilly  85 

L.B6.   R.9H.  T.       ^^M 

H.IW,  F.   19*.     G. 

T.  39S 

SPcrem..,  P.  H.i9!t 

A'iB.  W.H.R,599                    ■ 

S14,     L(.C.54I. 

RKxibirn.H.R.  193 

Sfdg-irk.  J.  303 

8i«>,  H.  536                                   1 

6M,  M.a4I.Mn. 

Smuler,  J.  in 

Srlt,  F.  SSI 

Sh-Clciun,    F.   591.                        1 

t.  (Jbl.    M...W. 

Sandrrt.      E.    651. 

S»lUr,J.  A.  303 

J.  99.  M.  A.  654.                     1 

S.409.    SkG.30S 

Mr>.  M.  539 

Stll.<n.P.  510 

W.  593                                     1 

R.....fi.J.UJ,6S4. 

S»i.ri«n<.i>,J.£.653. 

Selovii,  T.  907 

SifHI.W.  11.699                     1 

J.  97.    M.I.ei 

J.S.  B.  404. 

Scniur,  F.  E.  39.'; 

Sk.^ni..E>un.  T.  590                    1 

Rau-r,J.  E.40I 

Sundfnril,    B.   b3a. 

SeprlnicM.S  15.396 

&kFne.C(.fDm.J.M.                     _| 

Ko'tini,  T.  4UI 

H.R.P.84.    Vsn 

Sereomlw,  F~  395 

D.  309                                   ■ 

Ruiticrlinn,  U.  Gii 

J.  li)3,  303. 

Sfijonl,  J-  303 

Skinner.  H.B.  430.        ^^M 

RiiuEbtoii,  S.  S9. 

S*t>(liliii.d>,    A.  W 

Sffi.nO.    M>»    S 

101                    ^^^1 

Roni.  C.  594 

3i9.    Mr*.  J.  591 

915,399 

Skip-t>nb,A.E.699      ^^^1 

Kuuc,  J.  (isa 

S.ixl.t,  R.  97.    W 

8enm.iiV%,  F.  649 

Skipttiib,SirT.G.86      ^^^M 

RuuiUdg-.T.  305 

697 

Srwdl,  Prof.  IU9 

SkuTMWr,  a  103            ^^^^1 

R»*,A.  913 

Siiifxrd,  E.  A.  404 

Shackli?,  F-541 

Skrine,  H.  538             ^^^H 

Huwh..ih»ni,T.  3M 

R*1>E>t>r,  M.654 

Shad«.^11,  E.  430 

Sklirr*y.  E.  0.  40S       ^^^M 

Ro-'liffr.E.L.5a4 

sii-kej,  M.   eri 

SbaVe'p-r.M^.  HS 

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Rowdci..  Mn.  li'ie 

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Slia.id.  C.  40S.    0 

8ladeM,T.  103                ^^^H 

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G.649 

Slark,  B.  399                   ^^^H 

Ruwliti.ll>.    J.     IM 

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Sl.ari..A.699.G.5':o 

Slai<T,A.B.li«.R.if3      ^^^M 

aOJ,  S23 

S.>.I,J.  101 

SLirre.  G.  H.  O.'iS 

Sloptr,  N.  E.  £31         ^^^H 

Hg.l«l,  C.R.40i 

S«..l.i,  T.  401 

J.    599.       J.    C 

Smiill.  A.  (199               ^^^H 

,       R...U.,  Hl>.  404 

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404.     S.  101 

S<iiirkc,e.l99.  Miii    ^^^M 

k      Ra*!*;,  A.  I>.  £49 

83.    M.306 

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Siii..itcrt,    J.   910 

H.J.  695.    Cap! 

Sffliib,  A.  592,  R2.3.      ^^H 

B   RiMu-,Ci)<i<in.C.4«B 

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B.  L.  305.  C.62:.      ^^M 

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E.  404.    8.  4U9 

Cxpt.  H.C.R.W.       ^^H 

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19s.     t.497.   C.       ^^H 

1                        «,.  J.,.rph 

H.  651 

Sh»arniaii,Capl.  R 

r.C5S.  C.M.59?.      ^^H 

•-'.n  403 

A.  19a 

E.  98.  305.  639.      ^^M 

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Ind§M  to  Namti. 


430.      F.  D.  639. 

F.  O.  425.  F.  H. 
628.  H.523.  J. 
86.  J.  B.  627* 
M.  306»  540.  M. 
A. 426.  P.B.306. 
R.  193.  R.P.303. 
Rt.  Huii.  T.  B.  C. 
83.  S.99.  S.T. 
86.  T.  401,429. 
T.C.2I4.\V.J.322 

Smitbsoii,  S.  196 
Smyth.  Capt.W.  H. 

83.  E.  F.306.  E. 

S.  83.     Mi^t  98. 

Mrs.  A.  B.  304. 

Mr».  Capi.  402 
Sroytlie,  C.  53H.  C. 

R.  542.  G.  C.  84. 

G.  H.  S. 429 
Siiel^rove,  Mim  98 
SiielUCuniin.G.I92. 

U.S.522.  Misft654 
Snuok,  E.  M.  540 
Snow  den,  C.  C.  19  J 
Siiowdon,  J.  C.  524 
Sole,  E.  428 
Soroeriet.A.E.  431. 

C.  A.  O'C.    522. 

Mii|<>r-Grii.H.83. 

Mrt.  \V.  402 
S«i|>Mi(ti,  E.  540 
S4iiithey,  C.  C.  195 
Sou(bt;ate,  F.  84 
Southwell, Rt.  Hon. 

J.  Visr*i*-.i  653 
Sowtif  n,  F.  306 
S»>»»t»r,  .1.  402 
S|mik«*.  M.  321 
Sparrow,  J.  B.  19^ 
Spearman,  A.  A'2^ 
Sf»ence,  J.  652 
Spencer,  C.  65:^.   K. 

M.523.  ^.IU54. 

J.  404.    Mr*.  19.i 
Spickett,  J.  'i22 
Spiej^el,  A.dH  426 
Spillf-r.  J.  102 
Spitiy,  E.  429 
SpuuiitT,  C.  194 
Spmpife,  R.  W.  430 
SprinReit,  F.W.  195 
Spurrrll,  F.  Qon 
Squire,    Capt.   402. 

E.  210.     J.  650 
Si  ace,  A.  649 
Siacey,  C.  S.  628 
Stadion,  Count  210 
Stafford,  A.  211 
StHJIard,  J.  P.  430 
Siaiihopt ,  Cul.  P.  S. 

401.     R.  S.  652 
Siaiiier.  G.  427 
Staiiiland,  L.  85 
Siai.ley,  J.  T.  522 


Slanircld,T.W.  100 
Stanton, M. 305.  W. 

D.  305 
Staples,  K.  M.  543 
SUpleton,E.J.651. 

Hun.  L.  M.  403 
StapyUou,E.C.3]4. 

E.  M.  R.  209 
Surkif,  U  N.  303 
Staibiro,  J.  B.  314 
Staunton,  G.  540 
StAveley,      Major - 

Gen.W.303.  Mrs. 

T.  K.  193 
Stead,  H.  C.  M.310 
Stebbing,  L.  393 
Steel,  A.  539 
Strele,  B.  540 
Stecftall,  C.  433 
Stebelin,  Major  B. 

S.  625 
Steinkopf,  M.  305 
Stepbentun,  C.  542. 

M.  210 
Sierling,  P.  I.  193 
Steveim,  S.  G.  429 
Stevenson,  G.  401. 

H.J. 32 1.  J. 427, 

626 
Stewart,  A.  M.  214, 

326.    Capt.  J.  H. 

83.     Comm.    W. 

U.    303.       Hoii. 

M.  211.     H.  r. 

86.    Major  W.M. 

537.     Rear-Adro. 

H.  625.     W.  628 
Siillwell,  Dr.A.  102 
StiiiStin,  S.  521 
Stirling:,  Sir  J.  625. 

W.  540 
Stmed,  T.  H.  628 
Slob  Art,  H.  302 
S!uck,  J.  R.  401 
Sitckdaie,  R.  425. 

M.  543 
St.'dd.«rt,A.M.650. 

W.  W.  191,  306 
Si.ker,  .1.  (>28 
Stukei,    F.   S.   42r. 

T.  lOo 
Stone,  E.   540.      F. 

M.  1U2.     W.  522 
Stupford,  Mrs.  1.^3. 

R.  522 
Story.  C.426.(i.21J 
^^oth»  rt,  S.  K.  84 
Slow,  G.  648 
SiraiifiWA^f),  H.  193 
Stratballaii,  Vis.401 
Siratoii,  J.  426.     J. 

W.  427 
Strattoii,    G.    429. 

M  8.  H.2I0 
Stritcb,  «l.  654 


StrooK,  R.  305 
Stroud,  M.C.  652 
Strutt,  C.  H.  1 95 
Stuart,A.637.  Capt. 

G.  302.   Hon.W. 

5fO.      H.  M.   S. 

334.    Mrs.  E.  100 
Stubbs  F.  430.     J. 

C.  426.     W.437 
Stucke,  W.  813 
Stuckey,  A.  A.  650 
Studd,  M.  327 
Stut6eld,  W.  404 
Su|CjEat«»  H.E.209. 

Mr.  H.  97 
Sumner,  C.  V.  H. 

626.  Mrs.  C.  304 
Suriee«,  W.  E.  85 
Sutherland.  E.  533. 

R.  M'L.  629 
Swaine,  G.  W.  195 
Swanston,  t.  r.303 
Swayne,  S.  J.  541 
Sweet,  J.  a  305 
Swinburne,   C.    M. 

312.    T.J. 305 
Swinnertun,  A.  533 
Swinney,  C.  E.  86 
Swire,  F.  530 
Sykes,    U.  M.   194. 

J.  323.    S.  F.  (i29 
Synies,  R.  530 
S>roin|;tou,  A.  540 
Symonds,  Capt.  Sir 

W.  193.     F.  210 
Syiiimons,E^H.403 
Symoni^,  M.  403 
Tabi.is,  A.  52  j 
Tabor,  A.  196 
1  afrani,  H.  B.  305 
Taliouru'in,  K.  431 
Tailhv,  W.  102 
TalbJt.G.  98,303 

rKlleiit6,E.  99 
Talley,    Mrs.    215. 

Mrs.  R.  322 
Tallis,  R.  P.  196 
Tandy,  M,  653 
Tapson,  J.  534 
Tardrew,\V.  210 
Tairant,  S.  524 
larrtM,  H.  195 
Tasburgb,  M.  315 
Tasker,  J.C.  v\.403 
Tale,  S.  O.  650 
Tatham,  A.  86.     C. 

M.  404 
TaJi.»ck,  W.  520 
Taitam,  Vtn.  H.  84 
I  attrrsHll,  J.  212 
Tayler.  F.    196.     J. 

193 
THylcrur,  L.  J.  651, 

J.  540 
I'a^lor,    A.    E.   85. 


(«•  99t  49S,  6Sd. 
E.  654.  638.  E. 
A.  66.  G.  538. 
G.  I.  85.  H.  W. 
84,  426.  J.  84, 
303.  J.  B.  637. 
J.  P.303.  L.401 
Lf .  J.  li.  97.  II. 

643.     R.  99. 311 

W.  H.540 
Tayrlour.Ladya^M 
Trale,  E.  J.  653 
Tenple,  H.  636.  L 

199.    Lc.H.530. 

N.J.  193.  W.  590 
Ten  nan  r,   Mr.  Jtt. 

Mrs.  W.  430 
T«frrey,  E.  436 
Territt,  I.  941 
Terry,  C.  538 
TMcbemaker,  K.  A. 

3«3.     T.  540 

Tetlejr,l.R.99.    & 
A.  628 

Tewart,  J.  E.  305 
Tbaicber,  J.  638 
Tbeeci,  J.  V.  403 
ThellufMNi,F.G.5«l 
Th«'«jb«ld,C.M.650 
Tberry,  J.  209 
TbickneMe,  R.  538 
Thuelton,C.A.5tf 
Thumas,     A.    533. 

Capt.  B.  404.  C. 

523.      E.  T.  311. 

H.  655.      H.  P. 

303.     1.    F.   402. 

L.  193,  194.    Lt. 

K.S.  210.     L.F. 

^  M.  19s.    Mrs. 

636.  S.650.  T.193 
Thompson,  A.  539. 

H.   401.      J.  84. 

Lady   531.     Mrs. 

£.  99.     C.  R.  J. 

^26 

Thom<ioiiy  A.C.l9r. 

E.   99,  523.     E. 

M.  3*26.     T.  336 
Tborburii,  W.  63? 
Tboru,  D.  326 
Tborney,  J.  430 
Tliornbill,W.  P.  192 
Thornton,    £.   403. 

H.M.427.  U523 
Thorp,  H.  194.     J. 

636 
Thorpe,  F.  303 
Thrii.g.E.402.  Mr«. 

J.  E.  626.  M.  628 
Throckmorton,  J.J. 

C.  St.  V.  101 
Thrupp,  A.  97.     S. 

D.  533 
Thurston,  Mr».  438 


r 

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' 

Jndet  to  Nami>*. 

663              1 

1'hyt>nc,LaTdCJ06 

Tniwtr,  E.  53» 

Vialc,  il.  84 

Walpolr,  I.  A.  210. 

Tibbiu,  J.eSB.     J. 

TrufU'l,  L.   Cuiii- 

Vtall,  E.  4i>4 

Hi.  Hon.  S.  302 

A.  fi&l 

Itiw  de  99 

VcfI,  l>.32l 

W*lru.,d,  Han  tin. 

T.<T,  M.  540 

Truicult,  E.  650 

Venn, J. C.  393 

304.    J.  627 

Tichbornr.  A.  3«7 

Twy.,.m.  E.  69B 

Vemum,  C  E.  5^4 

W.l.h,E.305 

Tid™o.b».U.T.3JT 

Tuitn.dio.  »r  Dcaii 

Vrrpor,  J.  524 

Wiiller,  A.6S2.CuP. 

T)(!tic,E.L.M.30S 

Df  626 

VfieUi,  M.  G.  541 

660.     e.  M.  195. 

Mri,  IV.  103 

Tucker.  J.  430.  W. 

Veracr,L<.-Col.426 

H.  9H.     U429 

Till,  L.  W.  196 

Virnun,  P.  H.  304 

W.U™,  H.  L.  M. 

Tir.d.lI.M.3a4.  W. 

Tuck»y,C.  R.  303 

L,  C.  496.    Mri 

196.     H.  306 

98 

Tuelj,  Mf>.  E.  91 1 

G,304.  L.dy  b'5l 

W.i,d«tarde,W.  B. 

T.iiley.  C.  E.  435 

Tuff.-tll,  J.J.  699. 

V.83.  W.  H.  193 

(..  S.  210 

Tilt.Ll.-C«.l.A.659 

T.  403 

Veuh,  A.  326 

W.nkl*...S.  196 

Tippinp,  M.  644 

Tvgwcll.  S.  101 

Viiill>,C>pLH.T.B3 

Harfaunun,   A.    M. 

Tudd.  M,  H.a40 

Tufk.  S.  213 

Vk«f«,  M.207 

42t;.t.p..G.30.'..                      , 

T4.kr,H<.i..Mr..4oa 

Tullu.l..C.p..J.D. 

Vick.t«*.n.H.54l 

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V.cluriii,wile<-fBp. 

303                        ^       ^^B 

Tolmie,  J.  401 

Turing,  R.  F.  .30S 

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Turkni(Wi..S.r.53T 

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L.    6.'.9.      E.     R.      ^^^H 

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Turner.  CM.  696. 

Vigvt,  C.  E.  335 

191.       ^^H 

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CI.    V.    U.    97. 

Vi(!or.,M.j»rJ.A.e3 

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Cufliw.  J.  H.  497. 

Vilkre,  W.  401 

594.     M...    luu.      ^^H 

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MiMilO.  H.  101.      ^^H 

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F.S3B.  J.  A.  404. 

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T.  815.      ^^H 

M.404.  Mr(..S43 

Vixii.x,  M.  J.  211 

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r-ulr.  E.  385 

Tur.il.,.  H.  M.  305 

Viulell.  E.  305 

Wird.k,  G.  531            ^^M 

Tuph.n>.  K.  lot 

Turi,„„r,  A.  H.  497 

Viviin.  H.  H.403 

Wvaf,  A.  398                  ^^M 

Tuilci.liitm,  E.90T. 

Tupper.H.  A.  549 

Vox,   Siurmf^U,    K. 

W>rd«ll,  T.  M.  814        ^^1 

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T«,o,lo»,  F.  C.  5911 

A.  E.  Karun  63H 

Wirdr-p,  J.  M.  689        ^^M 

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T»i.s,  A.    W.  S9?, 

Voni.  E.  53B 

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H.Hi.     H.  531 

698.     C.  E.  594. 

Vim,  Mb.  G.  5S1 

E.  426                                        ' 

Toi.i!f,   F.  E.  SiO. 

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T.«««d.  C.  391 

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TjIdci.A.  M.  313. 

W..IK.   A.   542.     E. 

100.     r.  C27 

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428.     R.  102 

Wirren,  A.653.    8. 

Tuai.irod,  E.  549. 

Tjrrell.  W.  520 

Wn-lbwn.  J.  U.  697 

B4.     W.  549 

J.  S.  594.    S.  S9. 

Ty.lr,  W.   F.   40r, 

W«M.,  T.  524 

W*ity,  J.  S.  626 

S.  B.  394 

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W.ihbMurnr,W.306 

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U,.p,-.i<.„,  J,  394 

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Tr.ill.  F.  R.  520 

Upplcby,  f.  63H 

W.M*,  Mt«.  531 

SB,   326.     J.  W. 

Ti.»<'..  A.  H.  697. 

Uro«.j;..E.B.S53 

W*lf,.rd.  C.  C.  214 

303,520.  B.L.303 

H.N   194.  J.JIT. 

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W«lk-r.  t.  W.  403. 

W..i,F.536.  R.e6 

R.  Si,  L.  8.  194. 

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6.E.  195.  I.esn. 

W.WI,  H.  100.  M.              m 

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64e 

J.  212.688.    Ha 

542                            ^^^M 

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U.frioo.J.  S.401 

j»r     J.     G.     695. 

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Mr..  J.  911.      S. 

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H.  196 

397.    T.  4SB.   T. 

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Wr..<b.'r.ll.T.  209       ^^^H 

Trickcil,  M.  429 

V-u(b.i,.    H.    42ii. 

196.     8.  A.  4V9 

Wtb>.,  A.  b-?9.     H.      ^^^H 

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J.  192.   J.F.  <99 

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Vtughlon.  J.  R. 

102.      ^^H 

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V.ui.  £.657 

Mr*.      ^^H 

TcDiicr,  G.  304.  U. 

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•10.     ^^^M 

98 

306 

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684                                          Index  to  Names. 

Weil.il.-,  J.  W.  Vf*  \\  hiiebiail,  E.  303.  Wi'i«<»f,Mn.E.52l.    WuoJ«ey,  J.  M^ 

\\^\^\iv\\,  J.  5i<;              W.  K.  5<G  Sir  J.  E.  1.92             Wootton,  M.  J34 

WVr.  H.Jll.  J..M.  Wliifehous..    E.  S.  WiMkt*-,  W   .«i-l3        \Vo'ktnar.W.R.|Q5 

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